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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is an adult - onset motor neuron disease is characterized by selective degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord , resulting in progressive paralysis of limb , facial , and respiratory muscles and death within few years [ 1 , 2 ] .
the pathological hallmark... | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is the most frequent adult - onset motor neuron disease
. approximately 20% cases of familial als show the mutation in the superoxide dismutase-1 ( sod1 ) gene .
we previously demonstrated that homologue to e6ap carboxyl terminus- ( hect- ) type ubiquitin protein e3 ligase ( ne... |
two american scientists ( patients 1 and 2 ) lived and worked in the village of bandafassi in southeastern senegal in august 2008 while performing a mosquito - sampling project in surrounding villages .
patients 1 and 2 were men ( 36 and 27 years of age , respectively ) , and both had received the yellow fever 17d va... | clinical and serologic evidence indicate that 2 american scientists contracted zika virus infections while working in senegal in 2008 .
one of the scientists transmitted this arbovirus to his wife after his return home .
direct contact is implicated as the transmission route , most likely as a sexually transmitted ... |
among cancers affecting women , cervical cancer has the second highest occurrence worldwide , with an incidence in 2008 of 529,800 cases ( 14.5% in developed countries and 85.5% in developing countries ) and 275,000 estimated deaths .
infection of cervical epithelial cells with high risk human papillomavirus ( hpv ) ... | regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( cin ) 2 - 3 to cin 1 or less is associated with immune response as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in formaldehyde - fixed paraffin - embedded ( ffpe ) biopsies .
proteomic analysis of water - soluble proteins in supernatants of biopsy samples with lc - ms ( ltq... |
with the use of emd , protective barrier between attached gingiva and transmucosal zirconia abutment may be enhanced leading to final esthetic results with implants .
zirconia has adequate mechanical properties similar to those of stainless steel , such as high flexural and tensile strength , high resistance to abras... | purposethe objective of this study was to investigate the biologic effects of enamel matrix derivative ( emd ) with different concentrations on cell viability and the genetic expression of human gingival fibroblasts ( hgf ) to zirconia surfaces.materials and methodsimmortalized human gingival fibroblasts ( hgf ) were c... |
in november 2013 , the us food and drug administration ( fda ) created shock - waves around the world by issuing a cease and desist order against 23andme , the dominant provider of direct - to - consumer ( dtc ) genomic services.1 23andme , in common with several other companies worldwide , offered genetic testing serv... | direct - to - consumer ( dtc ) genetic services have generated enormous controversy from their first emergence .
a dramatic recent manifestation of this is the food and drug administration 's ( fda ) cease and desist order against 23andme , the leading provider in the market .
critics have argued for the restrictiv... |
tooth brushing plays an important everyday role in personal oral hygiene and effective plaque removal . toothbrushes may become heavily contaminated with microorganisms and these microorganisms may originate not only from the oral cavity but also from the environment where the toothbrushes are stored .
this contamina... | background : toothbrushes are rapidly contaminated with different microorganisms representing a possible cause of infection or reinfection especially in the periodontal patients under therapy . the purpose of this study was to evaluate the sanitization of toothbrushes previously contaminated by various oral microorgani... |
since ancient times , electrical stimulation has been used to modulate the nervous system and to treat some neurological disorders ( rossi , 2003 ) .
scribonius largo , physician of the roman emperor claudius , in his text compositiones medicamentorum
( 46 ad ) suggested the application of electric ray ( torpedo t... | this paper briefly describes how the electrical stimulation , used since antiquity to modulate the nervous system , has been a fundamental tool of neurophysiologic investigation in the second half of the eighteenth century and was subsequently used by the early twentieth century , even for therapeutic purposes . in mid... |
responses to applied medicines can be different and personalized treatment requires collection of the maximum number of data .
one of them is the metabolic profile of the patient reflecting the present state of the organism . for this purpose
spectroscopic techniques are applied , such as raman spectroscopy , mass ... | the personalized approach in cancer treatment stimulates the search for new analytical techniques , including spectroscopic methods such as raman spectroscopy , mass spectrometry maldi ( matrix - assisted laser desorption / ionization ) imaging and high - resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance ( hr ... |
the ewing 's sarcoma / primitive neuroectodermal tumour ( es / pnet ) family of tumours is part of a rare group of malignant neoplasms with small round - cell morphology .
es / pnet is an uncommon primary malignancy of the bone primarily affecting children and young adults with more than 80% of patients being younger... | a 30-year - old male , carpenter by profession , presented with a history of dry cough and progressive shortness of breath for two months along with right - sided chest pain for one and a half months .
the clinico - radiological picture was suggestive of right - sided massive pleural effusion .
computed tomography ... |
squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) is the most common malignant mucosal neoplasm to affect the head and neck region .
occasionally , variants of scc may be encountered , which includes verrucous , exophytic or papillary , spindle cell ( sarcomatoid ) , basaloid and adenosquamous types that make up an aggregate of 10%15%... | spindle cell carcinoma ( spcc ) , a variant of squamous cell carcinoma , is a biphasic malignant neoplasm that occurs mainly in the upper aerodigestive tract .
it is uncommon in oral cavity , accounting for < 1% of all tumors in oral cavity .
furthermore , it is uncommon for oral potentially malignant disorders suc... |
after the pediatrician and the newborn health screener technician , pediatric otolaryngologists and audiologists are parents ' first professional contact . typically , after the diagnosis of hearing loss , they make the referrals to the early education specialists .
training for medical / audiological professionals... | alice , a deaf girl who was implanted after age three years of age was exposed to four weeks of storybook sessions conducted in american sign language ( asl ) and speech ( english ) .
two research questions were address : ( 1 ) how did she use her sign bimodal / bilingualism , codeswitching , and code mixing during r... |
hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are common in critically ill patients and more pronounced among patients having sepsis , burns , trauma , and cardiothoracic surgery.1 hyperglycemia was previously considered an adaptive response essential for survival and was not routinely controlled in intensive care units ( icus)... | critically ill patients are predisposed to stress - induced hyperglycemia .
recent evidence suggests that uncontrolled hyperglycemia is associated with poor outcomes within the population of surgical and medical intensive care units .
we retrospectively audited our practice in the management of hyperglycemia in the... |
oral cancer is commonly preceded by premalignant lesions and conditions grouped under common terminology as potentially malignant disorders .
the precursor lesions that precede oral cancer are defined as an altered epithelium that shows a variety of cytological and architectural changes that have been traditionally b... | background : the issue of a possible malignant transformation in the lesions like epithelial dysplasia and oral lichen planus ( olp ) is a matter of serious controversy .
the purpose of this study was to suggest the malignant transformation rate in olp and oral epithelial dysplasia ( oed ) by using immunohistochemica... |
henoch - schnlein purpura ( hsp ) is a common systemic vasculitic disorder that occurs during hildhood and its course is often self - limiting ( 1 , 2 ) .
multiple studies have reported less frequent but poorer outcomes in adult hspn ( 1 , 2 ) and there have been a few data on elderly - onset patients ( 3 ) .
iga n... | henoch - schnlein purpura ( hsp ) is common in childhood and often self - limiting .
there have been limited studies on elderly - onset hsp nephritis ( hspn ) .
a 76-yr - old man was transferred to our hospital with a 1-month history of oliguria , abdominal pain , edema and palpable purpura in the legs .
three mo... |
breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and its incidence is increasing . however , its mortality decreases with better screening programs , public education , and medications .
disease - free survival and overall survival depend on multiple factors , including the stage of the disease , hormone receptor ... | backgroundbreast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among the women worldwide .
the risk of local and distant recurrence is the highest during the first two years following the initial treatment
. very late relapse ( after 12 years ) is uncommon in breast cancer survivors.methods... |
punjab ( india ) has 3 main wetlands , i.e. harike , kanjli and ropar wetlands which are included in ramsar list of international importance .
harike wetland ( 31 17 n latitude and 75 12 e longitude ) is the largest freshwater wetland ( in northern india ) of 4100 ha area with beas and sutlej as primary inflows .
... | in the present study , a new species myxobolus dermiscalis n. sp . infecting scales of labeo rohita , an indian major carp from harike wetland in punjab , india has been described on the basis of spore morphology and amplification of a part of 18s rdna gene .
the pseudocysts of m. dermiscalis n. sp . are milky white ... |
in drug discovery projects , the three - dimensional ( 3d ) structure of the receptor is not always available . in such cases ,
pharmacophore model building , 3d quantitative structureactivity relationship ( qsar ) , comparative molecular field analysis ( comfa),(1 ) and ligand - based virtual screening all depend on... | a comprehensive data set of aligned ligands with highly similar binding pockets from the protein data bank has been built .
based on this data set , a scoring function for recognizing good alignment poses for small molecules has been developed .
this function is based on atoms and hydrogen - bond projected features... |
esthesioneuroblastoma also called olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare malignant neuroectodermal tumor of the sinonasal tract region , first described by berger et al . in 1924 . according to the world health organization
, olfactory neuroblastoma is defined as a malignant neuroectodermal tumor , that is , assumed to o... | esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare malignant tumor of the sinonasal tract .
oral and maxillofacial pathologists rarely encounter this tumor in their daily practice . because of their complex anatomic location , non - specific symptoms , varied histomorphology and unfamiliarity , most of the times
, the tumor is diagno... |
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide and the third most common cause of global cancer related mortality [ 1 , 2 ] .
hcc burden disproportionately impacts developing countries and males ; as of 2008 , 85% of cases occurred in africa and asia , with worldwide male : female sex ... | under normal physiological conditions , the hepatocyte growth factor ( hgf ) and its receptor , the met transmembrane tyrosine kinase ( cmet ) , are involved in embryogenesis , morphogenesis , and wound healing .
the hgf - cmet axis promotes cell survival , proliferation , migration , and invasion via modulation of e... |
depression , a severe psychiatric disorder [ 1 , 2 ] , affects up to 20% of the population in the us within their lifetime and is more prevalent in women than men [ 36 ] .
although depression has been studied for decades , its cellular and molecular mechanisms still remain largely unknown .
as many as 3040% of pati... | depression , a severe psychiatric disorder , has been studied for decades , but the underlying mechanisms still remain largely unknown . depression is closely associated with alterations in dendritic spine morphology and spine density . therefore , understanding dendritic spines is vital for uncovering the mechanisms u... |
the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor ( ceot ) is also known as pindborg tumor . the dutch pathologist , dr .
jens jorgen pindborg , described and designated ceot as a distinct pathologic entity in 1955 .
it is a benign , locally invasive neoplasm that constitutes about 1% of all odontogenic neoplasms .
ceo... | the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor ( ceot ) , also known as the pindborg tumor , is a benign locally invasive neoplasm .
common variants of ceot include noncalcifying , langerhans cell , bone and cementum forming and clear cell , which have a prognostic significance .
pigmented variants are known to occur ... |
type 1 diabetes mellitus ( dm1 ) affects nearly three million americans.1 it is a challenging disease to manage , often requiring complex medical regimens and significant effort from both the clinician and the patient .
the first manifestation of beta cell loss is loss of first - phase insulin secretion ( peak levels... | type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder of the endocrine pancreas that currently affects millions of people in the united states .
although the disease can be managed with exogenous insulin administration , the ultimate cure for the condition lies in restoring a patient s ability to produce their own insul... |
the serine / threonine kinase akt ( pkb / c - akt ) promotes cell growth ( i.e. , accumulation of cell mass ) predominantly through activation of complex 1 of the mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtorc1 ) ( sarbassov et al . ,
mtorc1 is regulated by both nutrients and growth factors and plays a conserved role in cell... | summarycell growth ( accumulation of mass ) needs to be coordinated with metabolic processes that are required for the synthesis of macromolecules .
the pi3-kinase / akt signaling pathway induces cell growth via activation of complex 1 of the target of rapamycin ( torc1 ) .
here we show that akt - dependent lipogen... |
vascular complications after percutaneous renal biopsy are uncommon with macroscopic hematuria occurring in up to 3.5% of patients .
most are self - limited with blood transfusion needed in only about 0.9% and radiologic intervention in 0.6% cases .
the pathology seen on angiography in most cases is either renal ar... | vascular complications after percutaneous renal biopsy are uncommon and may require interventional management . in most of these cases ,
the pathology is a renal arterial pseudoaneurysm ( psa ) or an arterio - venous fistula .
injury to other vessels like aorta , lumbar arteries or mesenteric arteries is rare with ... |
superior mesenteric artery ( sma ) syndrome , also called wilkie 's syndrome , is a rare clinical phenomenon believed to be caused by compression of the third portion of the duodenum by the overlying superior mesenteric artery . an abnormally acute aorta - sma angle , or high retroperitoneal attachment of the ligament ... | background : superior mesenteric artery ( sma ) syndrome , also called wilkie 's syndrome , is a rare clinical phenomenon believed to be caused by compression of the third portion of the duodenum by the overlying superior mesenteric artery .
we present the case of a 32-year - old female who presented with epigastric ... |
nowadays , the number of individuals with cerebral palsy ( cp ) that survive into adulthood has increased , since life expectancy of children with cp has increased dramatically and their mortality rate has significantly reduced ( 1 ) .
consequences of cerebral palsy in adulthood can affect physical , psychological ca... | backgroundconsequences of cerebral palsy in adulthood can affect physical , psychological capabilities and quality of life .
the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between quality of life with spasticity and level of motor function in iranian young adults with spastic cerebral palsy who were co... |
they work by competitively inhibiting hmg - coa reductase , the enzyme involved in the conversion of hmg - coa to mevalonate , an early rate - limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver . besides the lipid lowering effect of statins in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery diseases a... | background . besides lipid - lowering effect of statins
, they have been shown to have nonlipid lowering effects , such as improving bone health .
an improvement in bone mineral density ( bmd ) has been indicated in some studies after the use of statins , in addition to an increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin d ( 25ohd ) ... |
statistically , urbanization levels are higher in countries that have higher income , and with many studies suggesting a strong correlation between urbanization and income level , it has been a long - standing notion that urbanization promotes economic growth . because of this , accelerating urbanization has been viewe... | accelerating urbanization has been viewed as an important instrument for economic development and reducing regional income disparity in some developing countries , including china .
recent studies ( bloom et al . 2008 ) indicate that demographic urbanization level has no causal effect on economic growth . however , d... |
they consist of fibrous giant cells that are specifically designed for efficient nerve - controlled shortening .
to switch the contractile machinery on and off , these cells raise and lower their cytoplasmic ca concentration ( for review see melzer et al . , 1995 ) . to allow the concentration increase to occur with ... | sparks are transient local elevations of ca ion concentration observed in different types of muscle cells .
such local ca2 + signals can be provoked in skeletal muscle cells by altering the osmotic pressure of the extracellular solution . in this issue , weisleder et al .
( see p. 639 ) demonstrate that the ca2 + r... |
esophageal achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder characterized by lack of peristalsis and failure of the lower esophageal sphincter ( les ) to relax in response to swallowing .
however , degeneration and loss of ganglion cells in the auerbach s nerve plexus have been reported and result in esophageal mo... | botulinum toxin injection is an accepted treatment modality for esophageal achalasia in western countries .
this pilot study aimed to clarify the effectiveness of botulinum toxin injection for esophageal achalasia in japanese patients .
we enrolled 10 patients diagnosed with esophageal achalasia between 2008 and 20... |
atherosclerosis ( ath ) is an inflammatory disease characterized by intense immunological activity that involves the formation of lesions in the arteries and is characterized by lipid accumulation , inflammation , cell death , and fibrosis .
recruitment of monocytes and lymphocytes from the peripheral blood to the ... | atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by immunological activity , in which endothelial dysfunction represents an early event leading to subsequent inflammatory vascular damage .
we investigated gene expression of the adhesion molecules ( ams ) icam-1 , vcam-1 , and 1-integrin in endothelial cells (... |
hypertension is more severe and associated with more severe sequelae in blacks when compared with subjects of caucasian extraction [ 25 ] .
studies have also shown that black subjects have lower plasma renin levels [ 68 ] .
it is thought that black subjects have inappropriately elevated levels of aldosterone relati... | background . hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality .
studies have suggested that the activity of the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system play a major role in the target organ damage such as left ventricular hypertrophy occuring in hyperte... |
, the medical faculty and deans offices can not operate in isolation but must establish links with existing services run by the university , the city or the country , churches and so on .
for example , kids ( children at university ) , an initiative by the university of heidelberg , the german national association fo... | increasing the flexibility of medical degree courses as well as individual advice and curriculum planning are essential needs of pregnant students and student parents .
the results of the ulm study gave the academic advisers in the dean of studies office in heidelberg a large number of suggestions on how to offer sen... |
management of intracranial pressure ( icp ) is the main goal for patients with traumatic brain injury .
moreover , direct injury , secondary insult due to post - traumatic increase of icp or decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure are well recognized as potential causes of increasing mortality and morbidity.467 ) dec... | objectivedecompressive craniectomy ( dc ) is a useful surgical method to achieve adequate decompression in hypertensive intracranial patients .
this study suggested a new skin incision for dc , and analyzed its efficacy and safety.methodsin the retrograde reviews , 15 patients underwent a newly suggested surgical app... |
raman scattering from the silicon ( si ) nanostructures ( nss ) has been extensively studied in recent years [ 1 - 4 ] .
observed raman line - shapes from the si nss are asymmetrically broadened and red - shifted from its counterpart for the bulk si .
most authors have fitted the first - order experimental raman ba... | photo - excitation and size - dependent raman scattering studies on the silicon ( si ) nanostructures ( nss ) prepared by laser - induced etching are presented here .
asymmetric and red - shifted raman line - shapes are observed due to photo - excited fano interaction in the quantum confined nanoparticles .
the fan... |
the three data components of the analysis are age- and sex - specific mortality rates , age- and sex - specific population estimates by weight status , and age- and sex - specific diabetes incidence rates .
mortality rates were calculated based on number of deaths by sex and age from the national vital statistics sys... | objectivewith increasing life expectancy in the u.s .
, it is important to know whether a longer life expectancy means a longer healthy life span or a prolonged period of later - life morbidity .
this study examines changes in lifetime without diabetes , a leading cause of morbidity in later life.research design an... |
sexually transmitted / transmissible infections ( stis ) also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases ( stds ) or venereal diseases ( vds ) are infections that can be transmitted from one person to another through sex ( vaginal intercourse , anal sex , or oral sex ) .
sexually transmissible infections ( stis ) a... | sexually transmitted infections remain to be of public health concern in many developing countries .
their control is important , considering the high incidence of acute infections , complications and sequelae , and their socioeconomic impact .
this article discusses the new biomedical technologies and strategies f... |
presynaptic monoamine transporters such as the dopamine transporter ( dat ) regulate signal transduction by controlling neurotransmitter concentrations available for receptor binding at the postsynaptic site .
disturbances in dat function have been implicated in a variety of disorders including schizophrenia , major ... | purposethe effect of clinical l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ( l - dopa ) doses on the binding of [ 123i]n--fluoropropyl-2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane ( [ 123i]fp - cit ) to the rat dopamine transporter ( dat ) was investigated using small animal single - photon emission computed tomography.materials and meth... |
about 50% of patients with a diagnosis of non - small cell lung carcinoma exhibit metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis .
the preferential sites of extrapulmonary spread are the lymph nodes , liver , brain , adrenal glands , and bones .
a 51-year - old smoker was diagnosed with a poorly differentiated non - s... | gastrointestinal metastases from lung cancer are rare and usually asymptomatic .
we report a case of small bowel metastases from primary lung cancer revealed by abdominal pain and severe recurrent anaemia .
the diagnosis was obtained with capsule endoscopy .
this non - invasive procedure thus represents a valuabl... |
nowadays , one - dimensional nanostructural materials ( nanorods , nanowires , nanobelts and nanotubes ) have attracted heightened attention because of their potential applications in nanodevices and functional materials .
continuous effort has been devoted to the investigation on the crystalline phases of the layere... | mos2nanofiber bundles have been prepared by hydrothermal method using ammonium molybdate with sulfur source in acidic medium and maintained at 180 c for several hours .
the obtained black crystalline products are characterized by powder x - ray diffraction ( pxrd ) , fourier transform infrared spectrometer ( ftir ) ,... |
as a small molecule probe , aptamers are composed of short , single - stranded oligonucleotides ( rna or ssdna ) ranging from 30 to 60 bases . similar to protein antibodies on the basis of their three - dimensional structures , aptamers specifically recognize and bind to their targets with high sensitivity and specific... | the current antibody - mediated numeration assays of circulating tumor cells ( ctcs ) require multiple steps and are time - consuming . to overcome these technical limitations ,
a cancer cell - activatable aptamer - reporter was formulated by conjugating a biomarker - specific aptamer sequence with paired fluorochrom... |
endodontically treated teeth , with a large amount of coronal tooth structure missing , frequently require the placement of a post inside the root canal , to retain a core for definitive restoration.[13 ] the choice of appropriate restoration for these teeth is influenced by strength and esthetics . depending on the cl... | introduction : debonding is a common cause of failure encountered with fiber - reinforced composite ( frc ) posts , and usually occurs along the post space - dentin adhesive interface .
the aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the regional push - out bond strength of a fiber - reinforced post system , using two ... |
women with breast cancer who have undergone standard medical treatment , i.e. , surgery ,
chemotherapy , and/or radiotherapy commonly experience pain as a consequence of these
interventions1 .
the anterior and/or
lateral region of the thorax , axilla , and upper limbs are the anatomic sites most often
affec... | [ purpose ] this study attempted to assess the impact of pain on the life of breast cancer
survivors using the brief pain inventory ( bpi ) . [ subjects and methods ] a cross - sectional
study was conducted .
participants comprised 30 women , aged 3080 years , who had received
treatment for breast cancer ( sur... |
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is an irreversible , progressive disorder with loss of cognitive function , particularly memory , judgment , reasoning , and perception .
the disease primarily affects parts of the association cortex and deep structures including the hippocampus and basal frontal nuclei through a number of... | the newly developed complex picture test ( cpt ) examines main cognitive domains , especially perceptual and visual - spatial abilities .
the potential usefulness of the cpt in the assessment of dementia was evaluated .
patients with different forms of dementia [ 14 vascular dementia ( vad ) , 30 alzheimer 's disea... |
all experiments were conducted in lupiro village in the kilombero valley of rural southern tanzania using commercially available irs formulations of pyrethroids and organophosphates , which were combined with existing binding agent ( ba ) products for extending insecticide durability on llins . in this area of southern... | we assessed window screens and eave baffles ( wsebs ) , which enable mosquitoes to enter but not exit houses , as an alternative to indoor residual spraying ( irs ) for malaria vector control .
wsebs treated with water , the pyrethroid lambda - cyhalothrin , or the organophosphate pirimiphos - methyl , with and witho... |
the data were collected as part of nationwide screening programs in 3 consecutive years in 2007 , 2008 and 2009 .
this program is regularly performed by the ministry of health and medical education and the ministry of education and training among all children entering elementary schools .
elementary education is ma... | background : this study aimed to determine the secular trends in the national prevalence of overweight and obesity among 6-year - old iranian children , and to compare the results in northern , central and southern parts of the country.methods:the data were collected as part of a routine and mandatory national screenin... |
zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis ( zvl ) is a potentially fatal disease in human , primarily in children .
it is caused by leishmania infantum in which dogs , foxes , and jackals are the main reservoir hosts .
four species of the subgenus larrousius and one species of subgenus paraphlebotomus are considered as proba... | background : female sand flies of subgenus adlerius are considered as probable vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in iran .
the objective of this study was to determine the morphological and genotypic variations in the populations of this subgenus in the country.methods:sand flies collected using sticky traps from 17 ... |
there has been an increase of prevalence of obesity which is associated with several adverse health problems , including type 2 diabetes , hyperlipidemia and hypertension .
the role obesity plays in the development of obesity - related disorders is complex and probably due to an interaction of genetic , nutritional a... | tumor necrosis factor- ( tnf- ) , an adipokine , is produced in adipocytes , and the elevation of its levels has been linked to obesity and insulin resistance in some population . in this
study the relationship between tnf- promoter gene polymorphism and obesity in an iranian population has been studied .
subjects ... |
lipoma is the most common benign neoplasm of mesenchymal origin , and it is composed of mature adipose tissue without cellular atypia .
though predominantly located in subcutaneous sites , they are also found intramuscularly , retroperitoneally , and in intraosseous locations .
osseous lipomas are very rare despite... | lipomas are the most common form of benign mesenchymal tumors and are composed of mature adipocytes .
they can occur anywhere in the body where fat is found and thus , called as the universal tumor or the
ubiquitous tumor. intraosseous lipomas ( iol ) are among the rarest ( 0.1% ) of primary bone tumors and are ve... |
the development of strategies to preserve
functional capacity of the geriatric population is therefore of paramount importance in
improving elderly quality of life and reducing health care costs2 .
there is growing evidence that the prevalence of
malnutrition in elderly people is increasing3 .
malnutrition in... | [ purpose ] in this study , we sought to evaluate the relationship between the barthel index
and the mini nutritional assessment short form in a cohort of elderly patients
hospitalized in the general rehabilitation center .
[ subjects and methods ] three hundred
and forty - four patients underwent an extensive ... |
as part of a survey of fish diseases , lake whitefish ( coregonus clupeaformis ) were collected in fall 1995 from the st .
lawrence river 15 km upstream of quebec city , quebec , canada , to assess the prevalence of liver lesions .
a total of 141 fish were captured and necropsied , and three standard sections of li... | |
gastric antral vascular ectasia ( gave ) is an uncommon cause of occult gastrointestinal ( gi ) bleeding and iron - deficiency anemia , accounting for 4% of nonvariceal upper gi hemorrhage.1 the clinical presentation of gave varies from a more indolent , chronic occult gi blood loss requiring serial transfusions to acu... | background and aims : gastric antral vascular ectasia ( gave ) is commonly found in patients with cirrhosis , but it is also associated with other diseases in the absence of cirrhosis . whether gave confers a different severity of gastrointestinal ( gi ) bleeding between patients with and without cirrhosis remains unkn... |
we performed this study in the soconusco region of chiapas , mexico across nine coffee plantations ranging from 600 to 1,300 m above sea level ( masl ) .
the soconusco region is largely dominated by coffee agriculture ( 94% ) with small forest fragments mixed throughout the coffee matrix ( 6% ) ( philpott et al .
... | the intensification of agriculture drives many ecological and environmental consequences including impacts on crop pest populations and communities .
these changes are manifested at multiple scales including small - scale management practices and changes to the composition of land - use types in the surrounding lands... |
acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) is a malignant clonal disorder of immature myeloid hematopoietic cells that is the most common type of acute leukemia among adults .
reported mean age of aml patients is 60 . some factors such as viruses , radiation , chemotherapy , benzene exposure and smoking increase risk of aml ( 1 ... | background : acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) is known as one of the most common leukemia among adults .
environmental and different genetic factors affect disease process , prognosis and treatment . among different
genetic factors
npm1 , flt3 , mll and baalc genes are the most effective on patient 's survival rate... |
a reactive leucocytosis , with a significant increase in early neutrophil precursors , exceeding 50,000/mm is referred as leukaemoid reaction .
these reactions are generally benign , but may imitate more serious conditions such as chronic myelogenous leukaemia .
leukemoid reaction may be a paraneoplastic manifestat... | the presentation of leukemoid reaction in patients post - cardiac surgery is rare with limited prior reports in the english language literature .
we report a case of raised leukocyte count with no evidence of infection in a patient post coronary artery bypass graft surgery . the exaggerated inflammatory response by t... |
in recent years , the field of radiology has advanced from reviewing films on a view box to a digital era with viewing on a computer monitor .
the digital environment has opened the doors to new image processing techniques that have capitalized on the three - dimensional ( 3d ) datasets of computed tomography , magne... | purposethe purpose of this article is to present images from simulated breast microcalcifications and assess the pattern of the microcalcifications with a technical development called
depth 3-dimensional ( d3d ) augmented reality.materials and methodsa computer , head display unit , joystick , d3d augmented reality s... |
benign primary intramural tumors of the esophagus are rare and account for approximately 2% of all esophageal tumors .
most of them are esophageal leiomyomas ; less frequent are schwannomas or malignant masses such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gist ) .
endoscopic ultrasound biopsy or frozen section biopsy d... | schwannomas of the esophagus are rare peripheral nerve tumors . a 37-year - old woman with dysphagia
was found to have an intramural tumor of the upper esophagus .
the lesion was revealed on computed tomography .
endoscopic ultrasound biopsy was nondiagnostic .
through right thoracotomy , the mass was enucleate... |
generally , vesicle trafficking occurs via three important steps : vesicle budding from the donor organelle , movement towards a target organelle , and fusion .
several proteins are involved in docking and fusion of vesicles for target recognition and driving membrane fusion ( malsam et al . , 2008 ) . among the prot... | secretory organelles are engaged in a continuous flux of membranes , which is believed to occur mostly via transport vesicles .
being critical in maintaining several cellular functions , transport vesicles are membrane - enclosed sacs that temporarily store and then deliver membrane lipids , protein , and polysacchar... |
this study was approved by the university of south australia and the australian government department of veterans affairs ( dva ) human research ethics committees .
a retrospective cohort study was undertaken from 1 july 2001 to 30 june 2008 using data from the dva health administrative claims database .
the dva da... | objectiveto identify if there is a dose - dependent risk of diabetes complications in patients treated with corticosteroids who have both diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder ( copd).research design and methodsa retrospective study of administrative claims data from the australian government department o... |
the most common malignancies associated with malignant pleural effusions are carcinomas of the breast , lung , gastrointestinal tract , ovary and lymphomas .
a 72-year old female patient presented to us with shortness of breath for the last 2 months .
a contrast - enhanced computed tomography ( cect ) scan of her -... | context : the most common malignancies associated with malignant pleural effusions are carcinomas of the breast , lung , gastrointestinal tract , ovary and lymphomas .
primary peritoneal adenocarcinoma is a very rare cause of malignant pleural effusion.case report : a 72-year old female patient presented to us with s... |
while blood transfusions are commonly used for prophylaxis and treatment for acute chest syndromes and strokes in sickle cell patients , accumulation of excess iron resulting in secondary hemochromatosis remains a rare disease .
chelation is the mainstay for preventing and treating iron overload to deter potential en... | backgroundwhile blood transfusions are commonly used for prophylaxis and treatment for acute chest syndromes and strokes in sickle cell patients , accumulation of excess iron resulting in secondary hemochromatosis remains a rare disease .
chelation is the mainstay for preventing and treating iron overload to deter po... |
the juvenile hemangioma ( jh ) is a form of capillary hemangioma which occurs during infancy at a rate of about 1 in every 200 live births . during the early stage
it may resemble a common birthmark in that it is a flat , red lesion that intensifies in color when the infant strains or cries . with time it acquires an... | hemangiomas occupy a grey zone between hamartomatous malformations and true neoplasms . they are frequently designated and regarded as neoplasms because of their usually localized nature and mass effect .
although clearly benign , they can become very large and unsightly , and can even be fatal if they affect vital s... |
it is important to limit the block level to minimise haemodynamic changes during spinal anaesthesia .
low - dose local anaesthetics can limit the block level and induce rapid recovery from anaesthesia with minimal haemodynamic changes . local anaesthetics - when used alone have a relatively short duration of action .... | background and aims : dexmedetomidine ( dmt ) , as intrathecal adjuvant has been shown to successfully prolong duration of analgesia but delay the motor recovery .
hence , this study was designed to find out the dose of dmt which can provide satisfactory analgesia without prolonging motor block.methods:a total of 50 ... |
it typically occurs within fourteen days of aneurysmal rupture , and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality [ 1 , 2 ] . while pathophysiology remains incompletely understood , the interplay between inflammation and the innate immune response is strongly implicated .
following sah , increased blood ... | delayed cerebral vasospasm is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) .
while the cellular mechanisms underlying vasospasm remain unclear , it is believed that inflammation may play a critical role in vasospasm .
matrix metalloproteinasees ( mmps ) are a f... |
a well - functioning permanent vascular access is crucial for the survival of patients on maintenance hemodialysis as it provides sufficient blood flow for dialysis . because adequate blood flow is provided by the arteriovenous fistula ( avf ) with the fewest complications , avf
the national kidney foundation 's kidn... | buttonhole cannulation has been suggested as a technique that may lead to a reduction in many complications when compared with other techniques such as rope - ladder cannulation . despite all above
, some complications still continue , which may lead to a dysfunction of the arteriovenous fistula ( avf ) and inadequat... |
our case is a 37-year - old male who hails from sivagangai district , tamil nadu .
the patient had minimal bleeding of 20 ml / day within the past 2 days which was not associated with pain , postural change , trauma or nose picking .
he had a history of headache , that was dull aching in type and confined to the fr... | rhinosporidiosis is a unique disease , which is seen to be endemic in certain places in india such as tamil nadu and sri lanka .
the disease is caused by rhinosporidium seebri and it is transmitted by bathing in ponds contaminated by cattle feces containing spores of the organism .
the disease usually presents as m... |
since ancient times , prospective parents have tried to influence the sex of their future children .
aristotle , for example , advised those wanting a boy to have intercourse when the wind is in the north .
other people have assumed that special diets , the timing of intercourse in relation to ovulation , binding u... | sex selection for non - medical reasons is forbidden in many countries . focusing on preconception sex selection
, the authors first observe that it is unclear what should count as a medical reason in this context and argue for the existence of
intermediate reasons that do not fit well within the rigid distinction... |
the accuracy of the measurement of the higgs - boson mass by the atlas and cms collaborations at the large hadron collider ( lhc ) has already reached the level of 300400 mev [ 1 , 2 ] and , being still dominated by statistics , is bound to improve further when the lhc restarts operations in 2015 .
this puts new emp... | we compute the two - loop qcd corrections to the neutral higgs - boson masses in the minimal supersymmetric standard model , including the effect of non - vanishing external momenta in the self - energies .
we obtain corrections of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal }
\usepackage{amsmath }
\usepackage{wasysym }... |
dynamic magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) of the breast was reported to be a highly sensitive method for detection and further evaluation of clinically , mammographically , and sonographically occult cancers
two different approaches are mentioned in literature aiming to improve the specificity : ( 1 ) single - b... | an application of an unsupervised neural network - based computer - aided diagnosis ( cad ) system is reported for the detection
and characterization of small indeterminate breast lesions , average size 1.1 mm , in dynamic contrast - enhanced mri .
this system
enables the extraction of spatial and temporal featu... |
the past three decades of studies have unveiled some of the genetic underpinnings of human disease . for complex diseases , those with obscure genetic roots , discoveries have accelerated recently owing to a bloom of genome - wide association studies ( gwass ) . nevertheless , even for the most successful cases ( such ... | discoveries from genome - wide association studies have contributed to our knowledge of the genetic etiology of many complex diseases . however , these account for only a small fraction of each disease 's heritability . here ,
we comment on approaches currently available to uncover more of the genetic ' dark matter ,... |
the dominant role in muscle homeostasis and regeneration is played by satellite cells , which reside between the basal lamina and sarcolemma of myofibers .
satellite cells can be activated in response to both physiological stimuli , such as exercise , and under pathological conditions , such as injury and degenerativ... | capacity of adult muscle to regenerate in response to injury stimuli represents an important homeostatic process .
regeneration is a highly coordinated program that partially recapitulates the embryonic developmental program .
however , muscle regeneration is severely compromised in several pathological conditions ... |
the quality of life is concerned with the degree to which a person enjoys the important possibilities of life. oral health has a major impact on the general quality of life .
people 's oral health status can affect them physically and psychologically and influence how they enjoy life ; how they look , speak , chew ,... | objective : the objective of this study is to assess the impact of caries prevalence on oral health - related quality of life among police personnel in virajpet , south india.materials and methods : police personnel were randomly selected from the 296 police staff working in virajpet , india . they were invited for a d... |
primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction ( pando ) describes a condition of nasolacrimal duct obstruction caused by inflammation or idiopathic fibrosis.1
distal obstruction causes stagnation of lacrimal secretion , which may promote bacterial colonization and lacrimal sac infection .
the clinical spectrum of ... | purposethe aim of this study was to determine the microbiology of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction ( pando ) and its antimicrobial susceptibilities.methodsninety-three patients ( 100 eyes ) diagnosed with pando , categorized as acute , chronic dacryocystitis , or simple epiphora , were prospectively enrol... |
primary hepatic lymphoma ( phl ) refers to tumor confined in the liver at the early stage of lymphoma without infiltration of other locations .
phl is a rare disease , with an incidence of only 0.1% for malignant liver tumors .
this disease also accounts for 0.4% of all primary extranodal lymphoma and 0.016% of all... | objective .
primary hepatic lymphoma is a rare disease . and the clinical manifestations of this disease are nonspecific .
the objective of this paper is to improve clinicians ' understanding of this disease
. methods .
we analyzed the clinical characteristics of a case of primary hepatic lymphoma in associatio... |
estimating the total species richness within large communities of species , using only samplings limited in sizes , is a common , long standing challenge which has elicited numerous procedures of estimations .
for a few decades , a series of so - called nonparametricestimators provide elegant and convenient solutions... | anne chao proposed a very popular , nonparametric estimator of the species richness of a community , on the basis of a limited size sampling of this community .
this expression was originally derived on a statistical basis as a lower - bound estimate of the number of missing species in the sample and provides accordi... |
burrata is a traditional cheese produced in the apulia region ( southern italy ) , particularly in bari , barletta - andria - trani and foggia provinces , as well as in martina franca , a town in the province of taranto .
the product is a pasta filata ( stretched curd ) cheese consisting of a filling made of cream mi... | the burrata cheese is a traditional product from southern italy , consisting of an envelope of pasta filata ( stretched curd ) filled with cream and pasta filata strips ( usually leftovers from mozzarella production ) .
physical [ water activity ( aw ) , ph ] , chemical ( moisture , nacl content ) and microbiological... |
evidence for beneficial effects of solar ultraviolet - b ( uvb ) irradiance and vitamin d in reducing the risk of adverse health outcomes comes from a variety of study types : ecological , cross - sectional , case - control , cohort , and intervention .
however , others have conducted systematic reviews that find the... | evidence continues to mount that vitamin d reduces the risk and mortality rates of many types of disease .
however , evidence from prospective cohort studies is sometimes weaker than that from case control and ecological studies .
a suggested reason for this discrepancy is that , because serum levels of 25-hydroxy... |
while brm scales with body mass ( bm ) , several other factors seem to influence brm , such as sociability , environmental and dietary specializations , as well as energetic costs of brain tissue ( mace et al . , 1981 ) .
large brains contain more neurons and neural connections , and thus have greater potential for i... | brains are the centers of the nervous system of animals , controlling the organ systems of the body and coordinating responses to changes in the ecological and social environment .
the evolution of traits that correlate with cognitive ability , such as relative brain size is thus of broad interest .
brain mass rela... |
surface immobilization
of poly(ethylene glycol ) ( peg ) , or pegylation ,
is widely used to modify nanoparticles ( nps ) with the goal to avoid
undesired , nonspecific biological interactions . the covalent attachment
of peg to nps results in the formation of a relatively inert hydrophilic
corona that reduce... | to
systematically investigate the relationship among surface charge ,
peg chain length , and nano bio interactions of dendron - based
micelles ( dms ) , a series of pegylated dms with various end groups
( nh2 , ac , and cooh ) and peg chain
lengths ( 600 and 2000 g / mol ) are prepared and tested in vitro . ... |
a 55-year - old man who was a known case of scapular bone osteosarcoma , was referred to our clinic with ocular symptoms including acute painful decreased vision , proptosis , conjunctival injection , and chemosis .
he had undergone surgical excision of the original tumor and received systemic chemotherapy 4 month... | purpose : to report a case of orbital metastasis from scapular bone osteosarcoma.case report : a 55-year - old man who was a known case of scapular bone osteosarcoma , was referred to our clinic with ocular symptoms including acute painful decreased vision , proptosis , conjunctival injection , and chemosis .
he had ... |
granulocytic sarcoma ( gs ) , also known as chloroma , extramedullary myeloid tumor , myeloid sarcoma , leukocytic sarcoma and myelosarcoma is defined as an extramedullary tumor mass of immature cells of myeloid lineage [ 1 - 3 ] .
was reported by burn in 1811 . in 1853 , king used the term chloroma , because of its ... | granulocytic sarcoma ( gs ) , an unusual extramedullary tumor , is composed of immature granulocytic precursor cells . the intraoral occurrence of this tumor is extremely rare . here , we report a case of gs with palatal swelling , gingival lesions in maxilla and mandible and aleukemic presentation in a 45- year- old m... |
diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is caused by genetic and environmental interactions , along with changing lifestyles and an aging population , increasing incidence of diabetes .
diabetic neuropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes with both type 1 and type 2 . up to 50% of all diabetes
have polyneuropathy whi... | the rising incidence of diabetes and its negative impact on quality of life highlights the urgent need to develop biomarkers of early nerve damage .
measurement of total vitamin b12 has some limitations .
we want to determine the levels of urinary methylmalonic acid and its relationships with serum vitamin b12 and ... |
the radiographic comparative analysis , in which antemortem and postmortem records are compared , is frequently used for personnel identification either in human remains or in living persons .
particular attention has been paid to the skull where several structures have the potential to identify an individual , inclu... | background : skull radiographic examination is a potentially useful procedure for the personal identification in cases where fragments of skull persist with no likelihood of identification based on dental arch.aims:the study was to determine the uniqueness and reliability of combined frontal sinus ( fs ) and nasal sept... |
regional cerebral blood flow ( rcbf ) studies have been employed to investigate the pathophysiology of migraine headache [ 13 ] .
the introduction of brain single - photon emission computed tomography ( spect ) using technetium tc 99m- ( tc- ) labelled hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime ( hmpao ) or ethyl cysteinate dime... | previous studies of brain single - photon emission tomography ( spect ) showed changes of regional cerebral blood flow ( rcbf ) in migraineurs during prodromes or headache attacks .
little is known about how successful medication of migraine prevention can reflect rcbf in migraineurs .
we highlighted alternation of... |
histological studies have shown that the inferior alveolar nerve typically courses through the mandible as one major trunk with branches extending to apices of the teeth . however , there are multiple smaller branches of the inferior alveolar nerve ( ian ) running roughly parallel to the major trunk
such bifid canals... | one of the normal interesting variations that we may encounter in the mandible is bifid mandibular canal .
this condition can lead to difficulties when performing mandibular anesthesia or during extraction of lower third molar , placement of implants , and surgery in the mandible .
therefore diagnosis of this varia... |
loss of genome stability is an enabling hallmark of tumor progression , in which elevated rates of mutation and numerical / structural chromosomal aberrations combine to drive unrestrained cellular proliferation and resistance to cell death ( hanahan and weinberg , 2011 ) .
mechanisms that drive mutagenesis and copy ... | the nuclear envelope , composed of two lipid bilayers and numerous accessory proteins , has evolved to house the genetic material of all eukaryotic cells . in so doing , the nuclear envelope provides a physical barrier between chromosomes and the cytoplasm . once believed to be highly stable , recent studies demonstrat... |
the physical examination revealed no specific findings except for the scar from the transplant operation .
his serum creatinine on presentation was 1.7 mg / dl and urine analysis showed adequate red blood cells .
there were no abnormal findings in the bladder during cystoscopy and he underwent an abdominopelvic com... | hematogenous metastasis to skeletal muscle from urothelial carcinoma is extremely rare and metastatic disease to skeletal muscle tends to be found in people with advanced - stage neoplasm .
we report in this paper a case of left sartorius muscle metastasis from urothelial cell carcinoma .
a left nephroureterectomy ... |
inverted nipple may cause various cosmetic , psychological , breast feeding and hygienic problems . providing a symmetrical nipple shape and position with permanent projection
nonsurgical treatments include breast shells , breast pumps and syringe techniques . however , the beneficial and permanent effects of these t... | the primary aim in the treatment of inverted nipple is to achieve a satisfactory and permanent projection of the nipple .
the drawbacks of reported techniques include sensory disturbance of the nipple , marked scarring of the nipple and areola , destruction of breast function and incomplete correction . in the presen... |
a 75 year old woman presented to the emergency room with a seven months history of increased fatigability , loss of appetite , weight loss and progressive abdominal distension . on examination
the patient was markedly pale , asthenic , dehydrated and febrile and had altered mental status .
her general physical exam... | sister mary joseph nodule or sister mary joseph sign refers to a palpable nodule bulging into the umbilicus as a result of metastasis of a malignant cancer in the pelvis or abdomen .
a rare case of sister mary joseph nodule , manifesting as ascites , cachexia and bleeding per rectum , is presented without any primary... |
this is a prospective , observational study approved by the institutional review board , and the study was conducted according to the tenets of the declaration of helsinki .
axial length ( al ) and anterior chamber depth ( acd ) were measured using an iolmaster ( carl zeiss meditec , jena , germany ) .
central corn... | purpose : to investigate the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure ( iop ) in different recumbent body postures including supine and lateral decubitus ( ld ) positions.materials and methods : this prospective , observational study included patients who had no glaucoma and who had planned to undergo phac... |
the association of hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) and hematologic malignancies , including hodgkin lymphoma and non - hodgkin lymphoma ( nhl ) has been previously studied ( 1 ) .
hepatitis b virus causes a wide range of liver diseases , including subclinical infection , acute , chronic and fulminant hepatitis .
chronic ... | background : hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) is responsible for chronic , acute , and fulminant hepatitis , which are prevalent worldwide .
chronic hbv may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma .
several epidemiological studies have indicated that hepatitis b virus is involved in b - cell hodgkin and non - hodgk... |
while ecstasy is a drug used for fun today , it has serious side effects and sometimes it can be fatal .
these effects are due to idiosyncratic reactions as a result of various stimulations in adrenergic receptors .
short after it is swallowed , it causes sweating , tachycardia , tiredness , muscle spasms , and jaw... | ecstasy is a drug , which causes serious side effects and sometimes it can be lethal .
these effects are due to idiosyncratic reactions as a result of various stimulations in adrenergic receptors . here
we present a case of a 36-year - old male patient who was diagnosed with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura asso... |
increased industrialization is posing a threat to human health in the form of environmental pollution . environmental remediation of organic pollutants by photocatalytic degradation using wide bandgap semiconductors has attracted considerable attention in recent times.14 further , these materials , in a nanostructured ... | well - aligned and single - crystalline zinc oxide ( zno ) nanorod arrays were grown on silicon ( si ) substrate using a wet chemical route for the photodegradation of organic dyes .
structural analysis using x - ray diffraction , high - resolution transmission electron microscopy , and selected area electron diffrac... |
partial duplication of intracranial arteries , so called fenestration , is known to have an angiographical incidence of 0.3 to 0.9% , and is frequently associated with aneurysms22 ) .
fenestrated arteries are often observed in the posterior circulation , but are known to be relatively unusual in the anterior circulat... | the aneurysm arising from fenestrated proximal anterior cerebral artery ( aca ) is considered to be unique .
the authors report a case of a 59-year - old woman who presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) secondary to a ruptured aneurysm originating from the fenestrated a1 segment of right aca .
the patient... |
left ventricular noncompaction has been classified as a primary cardiomyopathy with a genetic origin.1 morphologically , this condition is characterized by a thickened , two - layered myocardium with numerous and prominent trabeculations and deep , intertrabecular recesses.13 left ventricular noncompaction may be an is... | left ventricular noncompaction has been classified as a primary cardiomyopathy with a genetic origin .
this condition is morphologically characterized by a thickened , two - layered myocardium with numerous prominent trabeculations and deep , intertrabecular recesses .
recently , it has become clear that these path... |
coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) with cardiac vale repair is an uncommon surgery in infants .
cabg is technically demanding in infants due to the small size not only of the coronary arteries but also the potential graft arteries .
the short and long - term outcome of surgery is not known and thus has largel... | backgroundcoronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) with cardiac vale repair is an uncommon surgery in infants .
cabg is technically demanding in infants due to the small size not only of the coronary arteries but also the potential graft arteries .
the short and long - term outcome of surgery is not known and thus ... |
vinyl chloride ( vc ) is both a known carcinogen and a regulated chemical , and its production capacity has almost doubled over the last 20 years , currently 27 million tons / year worldwide . according to recent reports
it is still a cause for concern .
vc has been found as a degradation product of chloroethylene ... | |
developmental variations and morphological abnormalities such as cervical enamel projections , enamel pearls , and palatogingival grooves contribute to localized periodontal disease progression .
the major variant of this tooth type is the presence of an additional third root or a supernumerary lingual root called ra... | a deep understanding of the relationship between root morphology and periodontal destruction is crucial to successful periodontal care .
most mandibular molars have two roots ( one mesial and the other distal ) and three canals .
the major variant of this tooth type is the presence of an additional third root dista... |
the burnout syndrome is a serious consequence of chronic exposure to work - related stressors .
the construct of burnout syndrome appeared for the first time around the early 1970s , aimed at explaining the process of physical and mental deterioration in professionals working in areas such as teaching , health care ,... | objective . to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of burnout among nurses in a nigerian general hospital . methods . a total sampling method was utilized . measurements .
burnout was evaluated using the maslach burnout inventory ; ghq-12 was used to determine the presence of psychiatric morbidity .
resu... |
patients with a first episode of graves ' hyperthyroidism ( gh ) are often treated initially with pharmacological therapy .
many clinicians use a therapeutic regimen commonly referred to as block and replacement therapy
this involves the administration of a thyroid - hormone- ( th- ) synthesis - blocking agent suc... | patients with graves ' hyperthyroidism ( gh ) treated with a combination of thyrostatic drugs and t4 , that is , block and replacement therapy ( brt ) , often report body weight ( bw ) gain .
we aimed to determine changes in bw and energy metabolism upon cessation of brt in these patients , and to identify possible e... |
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