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mitral valve repair with artificial chordae is considered as a good choice for correcting mitral regurgitation ( mr ) caused by mitral valve prolapse due to chordal elongation or rupture .
the polytetrafluoroethylene ( ptfe ) suture has been applied as artificial chordae in large series with good outcomes . however ,... | background : right minithoracotomy ( rm ) has been proven to be a safe and effective approach for mitral valve surgery , but the differences of artificial chordae technique between rm and median sternotomy ( ms ) were seldom reported . here , we compared the outcomes of modified artificial chordae technique for mitral ... |
bone mass loss and muscle atrophy are the frequent complications occurring after spinal cord injury ( sci).12 although unloading is an important factor in the pathogenesis of bone loss in sci patients , neuronal lesion and hormonal changes also seem to be involved in this process.3 inactivation and extreme unloading in... | background : bone mass loss and muscle atrophy are the frequent complications occurring after spinal cord injury ( sci ) .
the potential risks involved with these changes in the body composition have implications for the health of the sci individual .
thus , there is a need to quantitate and monitor body compositio... |
feeling stigmatized is common among those living with mental illness.15 around the world many people with mental illness are discriminated against , have restricted work opportunities , feel stigmatized at work,68 and are even denied the basic rights afforded to other members of society.9 where studies have been conduc... | backgroundmany people with mental illness experience stigma that has impacted their lives . in this study , we validated the inventory of stigmatizing experiences ( ise ) as a tool to help quantify the stigma experienced by patients with bipolar disorder and its impact on their lives .
the ise has two components , ie... |
the diameter of the blood vessel capillaries in most vertebrates is about 25% smaller than the mean diameter of the erythrocytes , causing blood cell deformation during the capillary flow [ 1 , 2 ] .
thus , the blood flow in the capillaries is that of a series of the red blood cells , separated by the plasma trapped ... | endothelial microvilli that protrude into the capillary lumen , although invisible in the optical microscopy , may play an important role in the blood flow control in the capillaries .
because of the plug effects , the width of the gap between the capillary wall and the blood cell is especially critical for the blood... |
poor quality drug or substandard product encounters a major stringent issue for the global health system and it can not be ignored . in most streamlined regions of the globe like japan , canada , australia ,
new zealand , the united states of america and most of the european union , hardly 1% of the market value prod... | globally , every country is the victim of substandard or spurious drugs , which result in life threatening issues , financial loss of consumer and manufacturer and loss in trust on health system .
the aim of this enumerative review was to probe the extent on poor quality drugs with their consequences on public health... |
primary lesions are choristomas that involve displacement of epithelial elements during closure of the neural groove or other epithelial fusion lines between the third and the fifth weeks of gestation [ 1 , 2 ] .
those located in the orbit may arise from cutaneous , conjunctival , respiratory , or lacrimal gland epit... | background .
orbital epidermoids form a rare pathological entity that is separate from dermoid cysts .
they have variable clinical and radiological presentations and they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital cystic lesions .
this work describes the various clinical and radiological presen... |
signet ring cell lymphoma ( srcl ) are proliferations of malignant lymphoid cells containing cytoplasmic inclusions or vacuoles that displace the nucleus , imparting it a signet ring appearance .
it is a rare morphological variant of non - hodgkin lymphoma ( nhl ) , which can be confused with other more common tumo... | signet ring cell lymphomas are the proliferations of malignant lymphoid cells containing cytoplasmic vacuoles or globules which displace the nuclei , imparting it a signet ring appearance .
this rare tumor is a variant of non - hodgkin lymphoma .
signet ring appearance is due to cytoplasmic accumulation of immunogl... |
computed tomography angiography ( cta ) is currently the standard non - invasive imaging method used for the assessment of the aorta .
this is mainly due to high image quality , fast acquisition and easy post processing .
indications for cta are broad , including preoperative evaluation , imaging of aortic aneurysm... | objectivesusing smaller volumes of contrast media ( cm ) in ct angiography ( cta ) is desirable in terms of cost reduction and prevention of contrast - induced nephropathy ( cin ) .
the purpose was to evaluate the feasibility of low cm volume in cta of the aorta.methods77 patients referred for cta of the aorta were s... |
barotrauma - induced pneumocephalus resulting from a rapid change in the surrounding pressure is a major concern for airline passengers and scuba divers5,6,9 - 11,14 ) .
recent advances in aircraft technology have led to a tremendous increase in air travel for the general population and for neurosurgical patients .
... | a 49-year - old female with a history of several neurosurgical and otolaryngologic procedures for occipital meningioma and cerebrospinal fluid leaks was diagnosed with pneumocephalus after a one hour flight on a domestic jet airliner . despite multiple operations , the air appeared to enter the cranium through a weak p... |
despite important developments in the medical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) , this disease has a major impact on important life areas of many patients . over the past two decades
, a growing emphasis has been put on arthritis self management strategies to help patients with ra cope with the consequences of... | the educational needs assessment tool ( enat ) was developed in the united kingdom ( uk ) to systematically assess the educational needs of patients with arthritis .
the aim of the present study was to describe the educational needs of dutch patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) by using the dutch version of the ... |
peritoneal dialysis ( pd ) is a first choice and successful home - based dialysis modality for patients with end - stage kidney disease ( eskd ) , with great advantages for their quality of life : preservation of residual renal function , no vascular access requirement , and possibility of continuing scholar or profess... | background . encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis ( eps ) is a rare but serious complication of peritoneal dialysis ( pd ) . besides the endothelial - to - mesenchymal transition ( emt )
, recently peritoneal adipocytes emerged as a potential source of fibrosis .
we performed immunohistochemistry to approach emt and ... |
the device consists of three layers made from pdms prepolymer and curing agent ( sylgard 184 , dow corning co. , midland , mi ) at a 10:1 ratio .
the top and bottom layers are molded against a master mold made by standard photolithography using the negative - photoresist su-8 ( su-8 , microchem co. , newton , ma ) . ... | a critical need for enhancing usability and capabilities of microfluidic technologies is the development of standardized , scalable , and versatile control systems1,2 .
electronically controlled valves and pumps typically used for dynamic flow regulation , although useful , can limit convenience , scalability , and r... |
effective water disinfection from fecal coliforms is a problem whose solution , leads to the improvement of environmental health conditions .
presently , water disinfection of fecal coliforms commonly uses chemical and conventional radiant heating methods .
. bacterial deactivation by conventional radiant heating i... | time differences for enterococcus faecalis , staphylococcus aureus , and escherichia coli survival during microwave irradiation ( power 130 w ) in the presence of aqueous cobalt and iron ions were investigated .
measured dependencies had bell shape forms with maximum bacterial viability between 1 2 min becoming in... |
they are key players in infectious diseases and implicate toll - like receptors ( tlr ) in the activation of inflammation .
the first report on the immunostimulatory properties of bacterial dna date back to tokunaga and colleagues in 1984 due to the presence of unmethylated cpg dinucleotides in a particular base sequ... | background : bacterial dna released upon bacterial autolysis or killed by antibiotics , hence , many inflammatogenic reactions will be established leading to serious tissue damage.aim:the present work aimed to elucidate the histopathological changes caused by prokaryotic ( bacterial ) dna and eukaryotic ( candidal ) dn... |
the use of gene transfer as a therapeutic tool requires a regulatory system allowing control of the expression of the therapeutic gene by the administration of a small inducer molecule .
the treatment could then be adapted to the needs of the patients and , should complications arise , the therapy could be stopped or... | the rapamycin - inducible gene regulation system was designed to minimize immune reactions in man and may thus be suited for gene therapy .
we assessed whether this system indeed induces no immune responses .
the protein components of the regulation system were produced in the human cell lines hek 293 t , d407 , an... |
the aim of the present study was to investigate whether epidural administration of a xylazine - lidocaine combination accompanied by xylazine sedation would provide satisfactory analgesia for some surgical procedures on 10 calves admitted to the department of veterinary surgery , university of kafkas with perineal urol... | the aim of the present study was to investigate whether epidural administration of a xylazine - lidocaine combination accompanied by xylazine sedation would provide satisfactory analgesia for some surgical procedures on 10 calves admitted to the department of veterinary surgery , university of kafkas with perineal urol... |
biliary cystadenomas are rare cystic lesions of the liver . they account for less than 5% of nonparasitic cysts of the liver and occur frequently in middle - aged women .
these cysts need to be differentiated from other cystic lesions such as simple cysts , hydatid cysts , abscesses , hematomas , and polycystic liv... | introduction and objective .
biliary cystadenoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the liver with less than 200 cases being reported allover the world .
we report a series of 13 cases highlighting the radiological findings and problems related to its management .
materials and methods .
records of thirteen patients ... |
central venous catheters ( cvc ) are widely used in clinical practice for total parenteral nutrition along with other functions , such as central venous pressure monitoring , fluid and blood transfusion , medication and hemodialysis .
central venous catheter thrombosis is one of the most serious , life - threatening ... | central venous catheterization as a frequent routine clinical procedure may have significant complications .
mechanical complications may occur during catheter placement , whereas thromboembolic and infectious complications can be seen during follow - up .
total parenteral nutrition ( tpn ) associated central venou... |
iridoschisis is a rare condition in which the iris stroma is cleaved in two portions and is defined as a separation of the anterior iris stroma from the posterior stroma and muscle layers .
the anterior layer splits into strands , and the free ends float freely in the anterior chamber.1 the condition was first descri... | iridoschisis is a rare condition that consists of the separation of the anterior mesodermic layer of the iris . in more than two - thirds of cases
it is associated with glaucoma .
we report the case of an 80-year - old patient who had bilateral iridoschisis and presented with acute angle - closure glaucoma .
the ... |
the majority of thyroid cancers are classified as papillary ( 88% ) or follicular ( 9% ) ; together these two histological types are grouped as differentiated thyroid cancers ( dtc ) .
while the annual rate of cancer incidence is decreasing , there has been a 2.4-fold increase in thyroid cancer from 1973 to 2002 .
... | differentiated thyroid cancer ( dtc ) is the second most common cancer in pregnancy .
its management is a challenge for both doctors and patients , and the best timing for surgery is unclear .
a systematic review evaluating the prognosis of dtc in pregnant patients was conducted . after reviewing 401 unique citatio... |
a 37-year - old healthy male presented with irritation , pain and reduced vision in his left eye after mud contamination .
corneal scrapings demonstrated numerous septate hyphae , and specimen cultures were positive for chrysosporium sp . the lesion did not respond to aggressive topical 5% natamycin , 0.15% top... | objectiveto report a patient with severe chrysosporium keratitis successfully treated by voriconazole.methodcase report.resultsa 37-year - old healthy male presented with irritation , pain and reduced vision in his left eye after mud contamination .
examination demonstrated corneal stromal infiltration , endothelial ... |
after
undergoing a mastectomy , the patients experience lymphedema and sensory changes due to
physical changes along with restriction of the range of motion of the shoulder joints and
upper extremity muscle weakening1 .
although treatments such as radiation therapy and anti - cancer therapy are implemented as a... | [ purpose ] this study was conducted to examine the effects of exercises applied with pnf
techniques performed for 30 minutes per session , three times per week , after receipt of
radiation therapy following mastectomy on depression and anxiety in patients diagnosed
with lymphedema and to prepare basic data for c... |
supplementary material is available online and contains detailed methods , supplementary table 1 , supplementary fig . 1 and a list of all investigated sequences determined in this study.supplementary material . supplementary material . | two frequently applied genetic bacteroidetes markers for total fecal pollution ( allbac and bacuni ) were found in high numbers in pristine soil samples of two alpine catchment areas casting doubt on their value as fecal indicators .
this finding underlines the necessity to evaluate assays locally and against non - i... |
dehydration is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients and assessment of intravascular volume status ( ivs ) is essential for their management ( 1 , 2 ) .
however , diagnosis of dehydration and intravascular volume loss is sometimes difficult ( 3 ) .
some clinical signs and symptoms are... | introduction : the correlation of central venous pressure ( cvp ) with inferior vena cava ( ivc ) sonographic diameter has been reported in several studies .
however , few studies have attempted to find the best anatomic location of measurement .
therefore , the purpose of this study was determining the best anatom... |
almost six million people each year all over the world die because of tobacco related smoking as well exposure to tobacco of other s smoke is significant health hazard .
significant part of children and youth are daily expose to environmental tobacco smoke , which influence on their health and increases risk of tobac... | introduction : exposure to environmental tobacco smoke ( ets ) is defined as a human cancerogen class a , due daily exposure is responsible for health hazards consider as almost equal as smoking of tobacco.goal:monitoring of exposure of school children to ets as indicator of enforcement of ban of smoking in public plac... |
the study database consisted of 398 unique human infectious disease outbreak events collected from disease outbreak news , published online by the world health organization during 19962009 ( 9 ) .
for each outbreak , we defined the initial source or sources of the first public communication as the individual , organi... | to compare the timeliness of nongovernmental and governmental communications of infectious disease outbreaks and evaluate trends for each over time , we investigated the time elapsed from the beginning of an outbreak to public reporting of the event .
we found that governmental sources improved the timeliness of publ... |
considerable evidence supports that increasing consumption of dietary fiber is associated with lower risk of obesity in adults .
based on these data , the dietary reference intakes ( dris ) for americans two years and older is to consume 14 grams ( g ) of total fiber per 1000 kilocalories ( kcal ) of total energy int... | increased fiber intake has been linked with lower risk of overweight and obesity in adults , but data are sparse for children . to address this issue , nhanes 20032006 data was used to evaluate ( 1 ) the food sources of fiber in children , ( 2 ) the dietary fiber density levels and risk of being classified as overweigh... |
bisphosphonates have been considered both effective and cost - effective in preventing vertebral , peripheral , and hip fractures also in older populations [ 13 ] .
however , oral bisphosphonates may cause gastrointestinal problems , esophagitis , and , in rare cases , atypical fractures of the femur .
thus , it is... | we studied the incidence and duration of cumulative bisphosphonate use among older finnish women and men with or without alzheimer s disease ( ad ) .
the medalz-2005 cohort is a nationwide sample of all persons with clinically diagnosed ad on 31 december 2005 and their age- , gender- , and region of residence - match... |
epithelioid osteoblastoma ( eo ) is an uncommon histologic variant of osteoblastoma ( ob ) and derives its name from the characteristic presence of plump epithelioid osteoblasts .
eo is also named as aggressive osteoblastoma ( ao ) due to its propensity for local invasion and high rate of recurrence .
conventional ... | osteoblastoma ( ob ) is an uncommon benign bone - forming tumor accounting for < 1% of all bone neoplasms . unlike conventional ob
, its small subset variant epithelioid osteoblastoma ( eo ) is characterized by its propensity for local invasion and recurrent behavior .
this rare variant of an uncommon tumor when ... |
impaired glucose tolerance ( igt ) is a less severe form of hyperglycemia that represents an intermediate stage in the development of type 2 diabetes.13 twenty - five percent to 75% of individuals with igt progress to diabetes within a decade of diagnosis.4 in recent years , the numbers of new patients with type 2 diab... | backgroundin recent years , the number of people with impaired glucose tolerance ( igt ) has increased steadily worldwide .
it is clear that the prevention of diabetes is important from the perspective of public health , medical care , and economics .
it was recently reported that a low - carbohydrate diet ( lcd ) ... |
the value given to traditional medicine ( tm ) is a function of public health and drug policies at a national level .
its potential contribution to conventional allopathic medicine can be characterized by how it is defined , the motivation for its use , and country - specific integration strategies .
the world heal... | objectivesthe purposes of this study were to develop a pain management model using traditional medicine ( tm ) vodou healing methods ; to survey a sample of french dentists to rate components of conventional and proposed tm vodou - based pain management model ; and to assess the possibility of conventional , allopathic... |
type one diabetes mellitus ( t1 dm ) , one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood , affects 15 million children in the world and is rapidly increasing in specific regions [ 1 , 2 ] so that an annual increase of 2 to 5 percent in europe , the middle east , and australia is reported .
in addition , wide range... | objectivethe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sex on glycemic control , diabetes complications and associated abnormalities in patients with type one diabetes mellitus.methodsin a cross - sectional study in 309 patients ( 156 females and 153 males within the age range of 3 - 16 years ) with type one d... |
in 1999 , a dutch surgeon transmitted hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) to at least eight patients and possibly to a total of 28 patients .
literature shows that this form of transmission is not unique , numerous cases of hbv transmission from health care workers to patients have been reported , as reviewed by mele and gunso... | in response to the confirmed transmission of hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) from a surgeon to several patients in the netherlands , a committee for prevention of iatrogenic hepatitis b was established in 2000 . during the years 20002008
, the committee reviewed 99 cases of hbv - infected health care workers .
fifty of ... |
contrast induced nephropathy ( cin ) is one of the most common complications after radiographic procedures using intravascular radiocontrast media .
cin after percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) is common ( 5 - 50% according to characteristics of patients ) and is associated with increased rate of morbidity an... | background : contrast induced nephropathy ( cin ) is one of the most common complications after radiographic procedures using intravascular radiocontrast media .
the aim of the current study was to assess the effect of atorvastatin on prevention of cin in patients undergoing coronary angiography.materials and methods... |
food access is defined as having sufficient resources to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet and is one dimension of food security ( defined as including both physical and economic access to food that meets people 's dietary needs as well as their food preferences ) .
difficulty accessing food may nega... | we examined where midlife and older adults with a mobility disability accessed food outside the home in king county , washington , usa , how they travelled to these food destinations , and facilitators and barriers to food access using qualitative interviews .
thirty - five adults aged 50 years with a mobility disabi... |
after completion of the experiment , students should have a fundamental understanding of weber s law and its applications to tactile stimuli .
they should be able to describe the relationship between the physical intensity of a stimulus and perceived intensity .
. they should be familiar with the operation procedur... | weber s law describes the relationship between actual and perceived differences in stimulus intensity . to observe the relationship described in this law
, we developed an exercise for undergraduate students , as experiential learning is an integral part of scientific education.we describe the experimental methods us... |
diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is an endocrine disease characterized by a deficit in the production of insulin with consequent alteration of the process of assimilation , metabolism , and balance of blood glucose concentration .
, the global prevalence of dm has increased substantially , reaching 8.3% in 2014 , which corre... | the presence of xerostomia and hyposalivation is frequent among diabetes mellitus ( dm ) patients .
it is not clear if the presence of xerostomia and hyposalivation is greater in dm than non - dm patients .
the aims of this systematic review are ( 1 ) to compare the prevalence rates of xerostomia , ( 2 ) to evaluat... |
so far , only four case reports and one case series has been published . due to the paucity of data ,
not much is known about the biological and clinical behavior of ahl . both ahl and ah are considered to have a better prognosis and considerably less cardiac involvement when compared with its more frequent counterpa... | amyloidosis is an uncommon disease characterized by deposition of proteinaceous material in the extracellular matrix , which results from abnormal protein folding . even though more than 25 precursor proteins are identified , majority of systemic amyloidosis results from deposition of abnormal immunoglobulin ( ig ) lig... |
the interest in understanding the genetic basis of diseases and drug regimens has increased , requiring dna isolation .
however the extraction of dna from buccal cells ( bc ) is bringing a new perspective to obtaining dna8 . compared to other methods , such as blood collection , it is a noninvasive collection method ... | this study evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively the effect of the storage time of samples before the application of the cell lysis solution ( cls ) for extracting dna from buccal cells ( bc ) .
bc from the upper and lower gutter region were collected from 5 volunteers using special cytobrushes ( gentra ) , tota... |
essential hypertension ( eh ) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) , and eh incidence among youth is increasing .
african americans ( aas ) experience a higher prevalence , earlier onset , and greater severity of eh - related complications than other ethnic groups . from late childhood onward , a... | stress - activated gene environment interactions may contribute to individual variability in blood pressure reductions from behavioral interventions .
we investigated effects of endothelin-1 ( et-1 ) lys198asn snp and discriminatory stress exposure upon impact of 12-week behavioral interventions upon ambulatory bp (... |
dictybase ( ) is the model organism database ( mod ) for the social amoeba dictyostelium discoideum . like other mods such as flybase ( 1 ) , wormbase ( 2,3 ) , mouse genome informatics ( 4 ) and the saccharomyces genome database ( sgd ) ( 5 ) ,
dictybase ( 6 ) uses the organism 's genome sequence to organize the bio... | dictybase ( ) is the model organism database ( mod ) for the social amoeba dictyostelium discoideum
. the unique biology and phylogenetic position of dictyostelium offer a great opportunity to gain knowledge of processes not characterized in other organisms .
the recent completion of the 34 mb genome sequence , tog... |
everyday life experience shows that playing a video game , learning how to drive a car , doing math homework , or performing another cognitively demanding task may affect breathing . in some cases respiration
tends to be inhibited ; in other cases it seems to accelerate and/or its volume changes . in general , little... | when people focus attention or carry out a demanding task , their breathing changes . but which parameters of respiration vary exactly and can respiration reliably be used as an index of cognitive load ? these questions are addressed in the present systematic review of empirical studies investigating respiratory behavi... |
it is the destruction or removal of all pathogenic micro - organisms which give rise to infection , but not necessarily their spore forms .
it is the process by which an article , surface , or medium is freed of all microorganisms either in the vegetative or spore state . with the whole world looking at the eradicati... | background : in daily practice of dentistry , we use same instruments on many patients . before use , all instruments must be cleaned , disinfected , and sterilized to prevent any contamination .
pre - cleaning and sterilization of some devices can be difficult because of their small size and complex architecture .
... |
sudden cardiac death exhibits diurnal variation in both acquired and hereditary forms of heart disease 1 , 2 , but the molecular basis is unknown . a common mechanism that underlies susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias is abnormalities in the duration ( e.g. short or long qt syndromes , heart failure ) 3 - 5 or pa... | |
a 37-year - old woman presented to us complaining of sudden right flank pain and lower abdominal pain that had lasted for 1 week , as well as nausea and vomiting .
two years previously she had undergone a laparoscopic right partial nephrectomy at another hospital owing to a small right renal mass that was diagnosed a... | we report a case of ureteral migration of a surgical clip after partial nephrectomy in which the clip was misdiagnosed as a ureteral stone .
a 37-year - old woman had undergone laparoscopic partial nephrectomy of right renal cell carcinoma at another hospital 2 years previously .
postoperatively , she had gradually... |
despite enormous improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities , 2 of every 3 cases of head and neck cancer are detected in advanced stage and , even after curative treatment , 30% to 50% of patients sustain a locoregional recurrence with worse prognosis.1 in addition to long periods without symptoms , the di... | abstractbackgroundthe purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility and potential drawbacks of nearinfrared ( nir ) endoscopy with indocyanine green ( icg ) to examine mucosal head and neck lesions.methodsnir icg endoscopy was applied to image head and neck cancer epithelium in vivo .
the evaluation of the icg... |
alzheimer 's disease is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the formation of extracellular deposits composed of amyloid beta peptide ( a ) and masses of paired , helically wound protein filaments in the cytoplasm of neuronal cell bodies and neuritic processes called neurofibrillary ... | alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid beta
peptides ( a ) and neurofibrillary tangles ( nfts ) .
the abnormal phosphorylation of tau
leads to the formation of nfts produced by the action of tau kinases , resulting in the loss of
neurons and syna... |
schools are an ideal setting where health promotion strategies can be used to enhance the oral health of children and an indirect channel to target community for promoting oral health .
oral health promoting schools that incorporate health education , promotion , prevention , and curative services are effective in lo... | introduction : dental pain is a major public health problem and one of the consequences of oral diseases which requires significant adjustments in life management leading to decreased quality of life.objective:to assess prevalence of dental pain and its impact on daily life and to explore its relationship with oral hea... |
under the influence of some emergencies ( mad cow disease , dioxin in feed ) , there has been a significant development of food laws which led to the enhancement of some normative papers that make up the basis of food security such as the council regulation ( ec ) n. 178 of 28 january 2002 ( european commission , 2002 ... | the purpose of the present paper is to highlight some critical situations emerged during the implementation of long - term projects locally managed by prevention services , to control some manufacturing companies in rome and prato , central italy . in particular ,
some critical issues on the application of self - con... |
adjuvant radiotherapy after breast - conserving surgery constitutes an indispensable part of breast conserving therapy in early breast cancer .
the standard technique of radiation therapy is to treat the entire breast up to a total dose of 40 - 50 gy , with or without a boost dose of 10 - 15 gy to the tumor bed depen... | purposeto assess dose received by the left anterior descending ( lad ) coronary artery during interstitial pulsed - dose - rate brachytherapy ( pdr - bt ) boost for left - sided breast cancer patients undergoing organ - sparing treatment.material and methodsthirty consecutive pt1 - 3n0 - 1m0 breast cancer patients boos... |
mechanical stress caused by flexibility training can affect hemodynamic responses.1 it has been shown that stretched muscle fibers activate mechanoreceptors , which elicit cardiovascular adjustments through parasympathetic withdrawal and sympathetic activation.26 in this context , previous studies with animal models ha... | background : the respiratory pattern is often modified or even blocked during flexibility exercises , but little is known about the cardiovascular response to concomitant stretching and the valsalva maneuver ( vm ) in healthy subjects.objectives:this study evaluated the heart rate ( hr ) , systolic blood pressure ( sbp... |
the platinum - based doublet is the chemotherapy of choice in patients with stage iiib / iv non small cell lung carcinoma ( nsclc).1 pemetrexed is given with platinum compounds in patients with the nonsquamous type of nsclc.2 the pemetrexed - platinum combination has an overall survival advantage in patients with nsclc... | backgroundpemetrexed - platinum doublet therapy is a standard treatment for stage iiib / iv nonsquamous non small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) .
while the regimen is associated with several grade 3 toxicities , hyponatremia is not a commonly reported adverse effect .
here we report an unusually high incidence of grad... |
mood disorders , principally major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder , are associated with about 60% of all suicides.16 an often - quoted figure is that about 15% of patients with major depression will eventually die by suicide.7,8 this estimation is , however , derived largely from studies of severely depressed... | the presence of suicidal manifestations ( thoughts and behavior ) was studied in a cohort of 30 patients with mild to moderate depression during a 6-week treatment with the serotonin - norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor , milnacipran . at baseline
mild suicidal thoughts were present in 46.7% of patients , the mean ham... |
vascular leiomyoma ( vl ) or angioleiomyoma comparable to the one described in this study is extremely rare .
only 8.5% to 10% of vl are found in the head and neck area and , among these , only 3% occur in the nasal cavity [ 1 , 2 ] .
we describe the clinical and histological findings and the feasibility of surgica... | vascular leiomyomas or angioleiomyomas are rare tumors that can be found in the nasal cavity .
the etiology of angioleiomyoma remains poorly understood and there are several hypotheses to explain the origin of sinonasal leiomyoma .
we here describe the clinical and histological findings in a case study along with t... |
fatigue is a complex and common symptom present in a wide range of neurological conditions including multiple sclerosis ( ms ) .
in fact , it is reported to be one of the three most frequent disabling symptoms in ms with as many as 90% of patients reporting fatigue .
clinically , patients with ms report fatigue as ... | objective : this prospective study was carried out to observe the prevalence of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis ( ms ) and its effect on quality - of - life ( qol).study design and setting : prospective observational study in a university tertiary research hospital in india.patients and methods : a total of... |
early childhood caries is again on the rise in australian children despite considerable public health initiatives , including fluoridation of drinking water and use of fluoridated toothpaste .
dental caries continues to affect large numbers of children with nearly 50% of australian 6-year - olds having a history of d... | findings are presented from a prospective cohort study of timing of primary tooth emergence and timing of oral colonization of streptococcus mutans ( s. mutans ) in australian twins .
the paper focuses on differences in colonization timing in genetically identical monozygotic ( mz ) twins .
timing of tooth emergenc... |
depression is a widespread condition ( 1 , 2 ) that can cause significant worsening of comorbid medical conditions , socioeconomic burden resulting from functional disability , and reduced quality of life ( 3 - 5 ) .
the world health organization has predicted that by the year 2030 , depression will be among the top ... | abstractbackgroundthe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between diabetes and depression and investigate the effects of comorbid diabetes and depression on healthcare utilization.methodsthe study sample included 10,179 korean adults aged 45 years .
the presence of diabetes was assessed by asking parti... |
and gary ruvkun ( wightman et al . , 1993 ) first discovered that a small non - coding rna lin-4 was able to repress the translation of lin -14 , a gene important for developmental timing of c. elegans , the scientific community accepted the findings as an oddity of worm biology .
since then a plethora of studies h... | micrornas ( mirnas ) are small non - coding rnas conserved throughout evolution whose perceived importance for brain development and maturation is increasingly being understood .
although a plethora of new discoveries have provided novel insights into mirna - mediated molecular mechanisms that influence brain plastic... |
in eukaryotes , the basic repeating unit
of chromatin is the nucleosome , consisting of 147 base pairs of dna
wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins .
the octamer contains
two copies of each of the core histones , h2a , h2b , h3 , and h4 .
histone proteins are dynamically post - translationally
modif... | mass
spectrometry ( ms ) is a powerful tool to accurately identify and quantify
histone post - translational modifications ( ptms ) .
high - resolution mass
analyzers have been regarded as essential for these ptm analyses because
the mass accuracy afforded is sufficient to differentiate trimethylation
versu... |
according to global initiative for asthma ( gina ) guideline , patient who do not reach an acceptable level of control with highest possible step four treatment , i.e. , high dose inhaled corticosteroids ( ics ) , inhaled long acting beta2 agonist ( laba ) , montelukast , and oral sustained release theophylline , can b... | allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ( abpa ) commonly presents with persistently uncontrolled asthma , despite of the therapy with highest possible anti asthma medications .
most common cause of abpa is aspergillus fumigates .
hence , abpa is one of the important differential diagnoses of difficult - to - trea... |
considerations of suicidality as a phenomenon developing along a continuum arose several decades ago as an opposition to - at the time conventional - static medical models , which focused mainly on completed suicides with little or no attention to the events and processes that lead to these deaths . among others ,
mi... | the idea of a progression in suicide phenomena , from death wishes to suicide attempts and completed suicides , is quite old and widely present in literature .
this model of interpreting suicidality has great relevance in preventative approaches , since it gives the opportunity of intercepting suicidal trajectories a... |
cardiovascular disorders are one of the the leading causes of mortality and morbidity today all over the world .
they are endemic , and have been seen to increasingly affect a considerable number of people .
they are also responsible for a major financial burden on the community and cause healthcare expenses .
al... | ischemic heart disease is accepted as the most common cause of mortality and morbidity nearly all over the world .
gout disease is the most common condition of inflammatory arthritis among the adult population .
literature includes limited information about the treatment strategies when both the conditions coexist ... |
the operative methods of this procedure are generally grouped into cold steel / dissection methods and more modern methods such as coblation , use of a harmonic scalpel , suction diathermy , radiofrequency ablation , electrocautery , microdebrider , and laser .
proponents and opponents of these modern methods have hi... | objectives : to examine the practices related paediatric adenotonsillectomy in our setting especially in relation to blood request and transfusion , routine investigations , post - operative analgesic practice and complications.methods:we reviewed the record of paediatric patients who had adenotonsillectomy in our faci... |
obstetric injury is the most common cause of sphincter injury and pelvic floor failure resulting in lack of bowel control .
the pudendal nerve may be damaged during the course of prolonged vaginal delivery consequent to stretching [ 13 ] .
a third / fourth - degree tear ( involving the anal sphincter complex ) occu... | obstetric injury is the commonest cause of anal incontinence .
we report a case of anal incontinence as a result of severe chronic fourth - degree perineal tear secondary to birthing with complete disruption of the perineum .
secondary repair consisting of an anterior sphincter repair and levatorplasty in a poor re... |
poor sleep quality and sleep disorders particularly insomnia , osa , and rls are common problems in people with type 2 diabetes ( 3,6,8,12,13 ) .
sleep quality provides a global subjective assessment of sleep that includes features such as sleep duration , time needed to initiate sleep ( i.e. , sleep latency ) , pe... | in brief poor sleep quality and sleep disorders , particularly insomnia , obstructive sleep apnea , and restless legs syndrome , are prevalent among people with type 2 diabetes .
evidence suggests that coexisting diabetes and sleep disturbances are associated with decreases in quality of life , diabetes self - care b... |
the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi , the causative agent of chagas ' disease in humans , parasitizes several other mammalian species . after infection with t. cruzi ,
the parasites survive and multiply in nucleated cells as amastigotes , eventually reaching the bloodstream as trypomastigote forms .
the acute infection... | trypanosoma cruzi infection was studied in mouse lines selected for maximal ( airmax ) or minimal ( airmin ) acute inflammatory reaction and for high ( hiii ) or low ( liii ) antibody ( ab ) responses to complex antigens .
resistance was associated with gender ( females ) and strain the high responder lines airmax a... |
malignant brain cancer persists as a catastrophic illness and is the second leading cause of cancer death in children [ 14 ] .
the failure to effectively manage malignant brain cancer has been due in large part to the highly invasive nature of the disease and to the unique anatomical and metabolic environment of ... | progression of malignant brain tumors is dependent upon vascularity and is associated with altered ganglioside composition and distribution .
evidence is reviewed showing that the simple monosialoganglioside , gm3 , possesses powerful antiangiogenic action against the highly vascularized ct-2a mouse astrocytoma , whi... |
to ultimately understand the structure - function relationship resulting from protein isoform variation , mutation , and posttranslational modification , one must be able to quantify the functional effect of the structural alteration on the interaction of the protein with its binding proteins .
traditional methodol... | to understand the structure - function relationship of muscle - regulatory - protein isoforms , mutations , and posttranslational modifications , it is necessary to probe functional effects at the level of the protein - protein interaction .
traditional methodologies assessing such protein - protein interactions are ... |
ethiopia has one of the worst maternal mortality ratios in the world , at 673 per 100,000 ( range 54810).1 concealed within this figure is a marked urban / rural split .
the 2011 ethiopian demographic health survey carried out by the ministry of health showed that in the capital , addis ababa , 82% of mothers deliver... | objectivesto determine the impact of volunteer obstetricians and midwife teams on obstetric services in a rural hospital in ethiopia.methodsthe intervention was undertaken in mota district hospital , a rural hospital in the amhara region of ethiopia , which is the only hospital for 1.2 million people . before the place... |
asthma has been shown to have prevalence of 7 - 10% world - wide and 9% in malta and is a common cause of emergency room visits .
recent studies reveal that management of adult asthma in the accident and emergency ( a&e ) department setting often differs from that which is recommended in clinical practice guidelines ... | aim : this study was performed to assess the management of adult patients presenting to the mater dei hospital accident and emergency ( a&e ) department with acute asthma.subjects and methods : asthmatic patients age 14 or older who presented to a&e department between january and october 2010 with asthma exacerbations ... |
orthopaedic surgery , such as total hip and total knee replacement surgery , is associated with an increased risk of life - threatening and morbidity - associated venous thromboembolism ( vte ) during the peri- and post - operative periods . as a result ,
current evidence - based clinical guidelines recommend the adm... | introductionpatients undergoing elective total hip or total knee replacement surgery are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism in the post - operative period and are recommended to receive thromboprophylaxis for 1035 days .
although several thromboprophylactic agents are available , these are associated with w... |
in fact electron microscopy has been used in the pathological diagnosis of glomerular diseases over past few decades and its diagnostic value has been strongly emphasized .
ultrastructural features may enable a diagnosis to be made where the light microscopy is apparently normal , for example minimal change , thin me... | objectiveoptimum diagnosis of glomerulopathies requires light microscopy , immunofluorescence and electron microcopy .
in fact electron microscopy has a confirmatory role in glomerular diseases .
it provides more information for patient management and can rule out other diseases .
the goal of the present study is... |
periodontal diseases , the most prevalent diseases throughout the world , are predominantly caused by gram - negative , anerobic bacteria present on the tooth root surfaces as a biofilm .
inflamed periodontal tissue produces significant amounts of pro - inflammatory cytokines , mainly il-1 , il-6 , pge2 and tumor nec... | background : treatment of periodontal diseases by nonsurgical debridement has been considered as a gold standard procedure .
various other treatment modalities have been tried and tested to treat periodontal diseases .
the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of antioxidant therapy on the progression of ... |
scrub typhus infection is a common febrile disorder presenting in the tropical region with propensity to involve different systems . amongst them
the cardio - respiratory system is involved in a significant proportion resulting in various manifestations .
herein we describe a case of scrub typhus presenting as acut... | we describe a middle aged previoulsy healthy female patient who presented with clinical features suggestive of acute heart failure .
investigations revealed very high nt pro - bnp , right heart enlargement , bilateral pulmonary alveolar edema and bilateral pleural effusion . in view of falling platelet counts and exu... |
exudative retinal detachment , a very rare ocular finding in leukemia , has only been described in a few cases and has not been previously reported in india.12 this case is also the first case to document common acute lymphoblastic leukemia - associated antigen ( calla ) positive precursor b - cell lymphoblastic leukem... | acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( all ) can present with various ocular complications but exudative retinal detachment is a rare complication . a 36-year - old healthy young adult male presented with gradual decrease in the vision in both eyes over nearly 2 weeks .
his best - corrected visual acuities were 20/50 and 20/... |
the concept of volume transmission , introduced by luigi agnati and kjell fuxe in 1986 , designates is a form of communication in brain tissue in which modulators act across wide distances when their sites of release and removal are further apart than for wired transmission , characteristic of focused synaptic action... | we present the perspective that lactate is a volume transmitter of cellular signals in brain that acutely and chronically regulate the energy metabolism of large neuronal ensembles . from this perspective
, we interpret recent evidence to mean that lactate transmission serves the maintenance of network metabolism by ... |
multiplexing biological
assays on microarrays has been instrumental
for generating the data required to understand biology at a systems - level .
although microarrays have contributed to the exponential growth of
biological data over the past decade , there remain bottlenecks in
the use of this technology .
... | biological assays formatted as microarrays
have become a critical
tool for the generation of the comprehensive data sets required for
systems - level understanding of biological processes .
manual annotation
of data extracted from images of microarrays , however , remains a significant
bottleneck , particul... |
the story begins in the 1960s when post - retrieval amnesia was first revealed by donald lewis .
he showed that temporally graded retrograde amnesia could be obtained for a well - established memory in rats , if that memory were activated by a reminder of the original learning experience .
these studies are the rea... | the neurobiology of memory has taken on a new look over the past decade .
re - discovery of cue - dependent amnesia , wide availability of functional imaging tools and increased dialog among clinicians , cognitive psychologists , behavioral neuroscientists , and neurobiologists have provided impetus for the search fo... |
cysticercosis , a parasitic disease caused by taenia solium cysticercus , is one of the important parasitic diseases . neurocysticercosis ( ncc ) is accepted to refer to cysts in the central nerve system , including the parenchyma and ventricles of the brain and the spinal cord .
subcutaneous cysticercosis ( scc ) is... | this mini - review describes recent epidemiological trends in cysticercosis and taeniasis in japan .
some of the topics discussed herein were presented at the first symposium on " current perspectives of taenia asiatica researches " , that was held in osong in chungbuk province , south korea , in october 2011 and org... |
diffuse normolipemic plane xanthoma ( dnpx ) was first described by altman and winkelmann in 1962 .
the features of this entity are : ( 1 ) xanthelasma palpebrarum ; ( 2 ) diffuse xanthoma planum of the head , neck , trunk , and extremities , and ( 3 ) plasma lipid values that are within normal limits .
several ass... | we report on a 70-year - old woman with diffuse normolipemic plane xanthoma ( dnpx ) who developed macular yellowish patches on the eyelids , both cheeks , and the nose .
histology revealed the accumulation of cd68-positive foam cells and touton giant cells in the superficial dermis .
plasma lipid levels were withi... |
bronchiectasis is defined as irreversible , abnormal dilatation of one or more bronchi with chronic airway inflammation and results in a chronic cough , sputum production , recurrent chest infection , and airflow obstruction.1,2 according to us data , the estimated prevalence of bronchiectasis is 53 cases per 100,000 a... | introduction and backgroundpatients with chronic lung diseases frequently have depressive and anxiety symptoms , but there are very few studies looking at this in patients with bronchiectasis.aimthis study aimed to investigate depression and anxiety and related factors among patients with non - cystic fibrosis bronchie... |
cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) , and these people have about twenty times higher risk of cardiac death compared to people of the same sex and age without ckd ( 1 ) . some studies have shown that among older patients with c... | aim : the aim of the research was to compare the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and procoagulants with kidney function assessed by using cystatin c , serum creatinine , and egfr and determine the sensitivity of cystatin c , serum creatinine and egfr to total cardiovascular morbidity in patients with ckd s... |
diabetic macrovascular complications are the leading cause of death and disability causing 7080% of deaths in diabetic patients . at present , there are many theories about the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular diseases , including insulin resistance , oxidative stress , lipid metabolism disorder , and inflammation the... | in the study , type 2 diabetic rat model was established using streptozotocin ( stz ) combined with a high - fat diet , and the rats were divided into control and diabetic groups .
diabetic groups were further divided into nonintervening , simvastatin , didang decoction ( ddd ) early - phase intervening , ddd mid - p... |
caries is today , regardless of familiarity of its multi causal etiology of the disease and the possibility of its effective prevention still the most widespread disease of our civilization , which affects about 95% of our population .
it covers all populations and age groups ( 1 ) , and is a disease that is very dif... | introduction : dental caries today , regardless of known multi causal etiology of the disease and the possibility of its effective prevention still represents the most widespread disease of our civilization , which affects about 95% of our population .
it affects all populations and age groups and is a disease that i... |
one of the most common causes of pain in patients with malignant disease is cancer - induced bone pain ( cibp ) , affecting patients with primary bone sarcomas and those with bone metastases .
the pain consists of a triad of states ; background pain , spontaneous pain , and movement - induced ( incident ) pain .
cu... | background : calpain , a calcium - dependent cysteine protease , has been demonstrated to regulate osteoclastogenesis , which is considered one of the major reasons for cancer - induced bone pain ( cibp ) . in the present study ,
calpain inhibitor was applied in a rat cibp model to determine whether it could reduce c... |
to detect the expression of hsp25 in rat dental follicles both in vivo and vitro , and explore the underlying mechanism of hsp25 on the proliferation and differentiation of rat dental follicle cells ( dfcs ) .
immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of hsp25 in mandibles of postnatal rats on days ... | aimto detect the expression of hsp25 in rat dental follicles both in vivo and vitro , and explore the underlying mechanism of hsp25 on the proliferation and differentiation of rat dental follicle cells ( dfcs).methodologyimmunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of hsp25 in mandibles of postnatal rats... |
lung cancer is one of the most frequent cancers and the leading cause of cancer - related mortality in denmark and worldwide.1 on a global basis approximately 1.6 million people are afflicted by lung cancer annually1 and the 5-year survival rate is less than 15%.24 lung cancer is associated with high age and presence o... | objectiveto examine lung cancer survival and the impact of comorbidity in the central denmark region from 2000 to 2011.methodswe performed a population - based cohort study of lung cancer patients diagnosed during four 3-year calendar periods ( 20002002 , 20032005 , 20062008 , and 20092011 ) in the central denmark regi... |
it has become clear that cells of the immune system can affect the brain and a host of behavioral processes ( blalock , 1984 ) . for instance
, it is now accepted that circulating t lymphocytes and other peripheral immune cells routinely enter the central nervous system ( cns ) , albeit in limited concentrations , an... | it has become clear that the inflammatory immune system is altered during the course of clinical depression . in particular , studies on human patients
have found depression to be associated with disturbances in the trafficking of cells of the adaptive immune system , coupled with elevations of innate immune messenge... |
type 1 diabetes is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder characterized by severe pancreatic -cell loss [ 14 ]
. discoveries of genetic variants associated with risk to t1d have provided new insights into their functional outcomes and affected pathways and until now more than 60 loci across the human genome have been as... | cd226 rs763361 variant increases susceptibility to type 1 diabetes ( t1d ) in caucasians .
there is no data about cd226 variants in the very heterogeneous brazilian population bearing a wide degree of admixture .
we investigated its association with t1d susceptibility , clinical phenotypes , and autoimmune manifest... |
the nature of fast pathway conduction , especially during atypical avnrt of the fast - slow type , is poorly understood .
there is evidence that atypical fast - slow and typical atrioventricular avnrt do not utilize the same limb for fast conduction , but no data exist on patients who have presented with both typical... | background there is evidence that atypical fast slow and typical atrioventricular nodal re - entrant tachycardia ( avnrt ) do not use the same limb for fast conduction , but no data exist on patients who have presented with both typical and atypical forms of this tachycardia .
we compared conduction intervals durin... |
several adverse health effects ( including cancer and noncancer effects ) may be the result of an imbalance between exogenous and endogenous invading substances and defense mechanisms . in these cases
the probability of an adverse effect depends on how much the exposure to a substance increases or decreases the numbe... | |
cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) infections are commonly reported in severely immunocompromized patients , including those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and patients who have received immunosuppressive therapy after transplantation or chemotherapy for malignant disease .
cmv is a ubiquitous member of the herpes viru... | in recent years , cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) has been recognized as an important common pathogen in immunocompromized patients .
this is due to the increasing number of immunosuppressive medications , intensive cancer chemotherapy use , recurrent transplantations , progressively aging population , and the higher number ... |
in the beginning of october 2014 , six children who were vomiting and experiencing abdominal cramping and diarrhea were admitted to the local hospital in gyeongsangnam - do , republic of korea ( south korea ) .
all patients attended the same daycare center that provided care and food to children from low - income fam... | we investigated an october 2014 outbreak of illness caused by shigella sonnei in a daycare center in the republic of korea ( south korea ) .
the outbreak strain was resistant to extended - spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones and was traced to a child who had traveled to vietnam . improved hygiene and infecti... |
a throwing event is a sports competition that displays a player s ability to throw an
object , such as a shot put , discus , javelin , or hammer . to achieve a high level of
performance in this sport , total physical fitness , including explosive muscle power ,
flexibility , agility , and coordination is required... | [ purpose ] this study aimed to investigate the effect of peculiar complex core balance
training on the isokinetic muscle function of the knee joint and lumbus to provide
fundamental data for establishing a training program that focuses on improving the
performance and prevention of injury by developing the core ... |
three - dimensional ( 3d ) culture systems have recently gained increasing recognition as an effective tool for biological and biomedical research . compared to conventional monolayer culture systems ,
they have closer resemblance to the cells growing in the in vivo tissue environment ( 2 ) .
they further contain s... | background : collagen - based three - dimensional ( 3d ) in vitro systems have been introduced to study the physiological states of cells . as a biomolecule
, collagen is usually extracted from terrestrial animals whilst aquatic animals like squid contain large amounts of collagen.methods:in order to make effective u... |
the most important reason for this is the apparent development of a nondepolarizing , relaxant - induced neuropathy , which leads to difficulty in weaning patients from artificial ventilation , among other problems .
some frequently used drugs , such as corticosteriods and aminoglycoside antibiotics , contribute to t... | muscle relaxants in intensive care unit ( icu ) patients are predominantly administered to facilitate intubation .
the adverse effect profile of succinylcholine is such that its use in the icu must be considered obsolete .
suitable alternatives are the intermediately long - acting nondepolarizing relaxants , of whi... |
in 2010 , hispanics accounted for more than half of the growth in the total us population between 2000 and 2010 , making them the fastest growing ethnic group .
this expansion of hispanics is largely due to the natural increase ( births minus deaths ) of the existing population . since 2000 , of the total hispanic gr... | background .
the explosive growth of hispanics in the us makes this population a significant and untapped source for blood donation
. methods .
a cross - sectional study was performed to evaluate blood donation behaviors and demographics of foreign - born and us - born hispanic donors between 2006 and 2009 in met... |
a 76-year - old male ex - smoker presented with a recent history of hematuria and transient right - flank pain . on physical examination , no mass was palpable in the abdomen , and no costovertebral angle tenderness was found .
hemogram and blood chemistry results were normal , except for azotemia ( serum creatinine ... | extraskeletal osteoclast - like giant cell ( ogc ) tumors are uncommon and have mainly been found in the breast and pancreas .
ogc neoplasms of the urinary tract are extremely rare .
most cases found in the renal pelvis and bladder are associated with either an in situ urothelial malignancy or a conventional high -... |
deposited data can be found in the gene expression omnibus ( geo ) database : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=gse77286
a. thaliana ecotype columbia ( col-0 ) , and an arabidopsis t - dna insertion double mutant ( bzip19 bzip23 ) , were grown in a climate chamber with a long day photoperiod ( 16 h l... | deficiency of the micronutrient zinc is a widespread condition in agricultural soils , causing a negative impact on crop quality and yield .
nevertheless , there is an insufficient knowledge on the regulatory and molecular mechanisms underlying the plant response to inadequate zinc nutrition [ 1 ] .
this informatio... |
neurofibromatosis ( nf ) is considered one of a group of multisystem hereditary diseases that also include tuberous sclerosis , von hippel
this heterogeneous group of diseases has been alternatively defined as phakomatoses , neurocutaneous syndromes , tumor predisposition syndromes , and ectodermal dysplasia by diffe... | neurofibromatosis ( nf ) is a multisystem disorder and tumor predisposition syndrome caused by genetic mutation on chromosome 17 - 17q11.2 in nf type 1 ( nf1 ) , and on chromosome 22 - 22q12.2 in nf type 2 .
the disorder is characterized by considerable heterogeneity of clinical expression .
nf1 is the form with th... |
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