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methadone is the first widely used drug to overcome the opioid withdrawal effects ( 1 , 2 ) . it acts by occupying the receptor affected by exogenous opioids leading to subsequent receptor activation .
this activation leads to closing of voltage - sensitive calcium channel ( vscc ) and stimulation of potassium efflux... | methadone is widely being used for opioid substitution therapy . however , the administration of methadone to opioid dependent individual is frequently accompanied by withdrawal syndrome and chemical dependency develops .
other than that , it is also difficult to retain patients in the treatment programme making thei... |
laminins ( lms ) are abundant extracellular matrix ( ecm ) proteins present predominantly in basement membranes ( bm ) .
at least 16 isoforms have been described and named according to their specific trimeric combination of , and chains using the new nomenclature .
the existence of a lm-511 trimer ( 511 , former... | laminins are major constituents of basement membranes .
at least 16 isoforms have now been described , each with distinct spatio - temporal expression patterns and functions .
the laminin-511 heterotrimer ( 511 ) is one of the more recent isoforms to be identified and a potent adhesive and pro - migratory substrate... |
in much of rural india ,
local surface water is used for personal
and domestic hygiene and local groundwater is used for drinking and
cooking , with over half of rural households getting their drinking
water from tubewells . when contaminated
with fecal pathogens , these water sources can be a transmission ro... | surface
and groundwater contamination with fecal pathogens is a
public health concern especially in low - income settings where these
sources are used untreated .
we modeled observed cryptosporidium and giardia contamination in community ponds ( n = 94 ; 79% contaminated ) , deep tubewells ( dtws ) ( n = 107 ; ... |
the implant used for all patients was the esnoper - clip ( ajl ophthalmics , lava , spain ) , a new uveoscleral hema implant developed at the glaucoma unit of the hospital universitari germans trias i pujol , barcelona ( universitat autonoma of barcelona , spain ) .
it is a nonreabsorbable and foldable hema implant (... | purpose : to report the safety and the effectiveness of deep sclerectomy ( ds ) with a new nonabsorbable uveoscleral hema implant ( esnoper - clip ) designed to increase trabecular and uveoscleral outflow and to achieve higher intrascleral blebs.materials and methods : twenty - seven eyes of 27 patients with open - ang... |
the goal of glaucoma surgery is to reduce intraocular pressure , which decreases the likelihood and rate of visual field loss in susceptible patients.1 currently , there are a number of surgical options for reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma that include incisional surgery , non - penetrating filtration surgery ... | the success of trabeculectomy , which is considered the gold standard in the surgical treatment of glaucoma , depends on the wound healing response .
the introduction of antiproliferative agents such as mitomycin c ( mmc ) has increased the success rates of trabeculectomy .
however , complications due to these agen... |
nowadays , the african region still faces the wors health conditions in comparison with the rest of the world .
thirty - two african countries are among the world 's forty - eight least developed nations while literature reports that the 90% of the eleven million of children ( up to 5 years age ) dying every year f... | aim . in order to set up the needs for intervention and to plan oral health prevention and care programmes , this paper aims to describe the oral health status and behaviour in children living in the municipality of gorom - gorom , burkina faso .
design .
the sample size was 692 children , 334 females ( 48.3% ) and... |
raynaud phenomenon is a common health problem characterized by episodic cyanosis , swelling , and pallor on both upper and lower extremities with cold exposure .
this group of disorders predominantly affects females . in the history of this disorder , researches have described many etiologic factors , but , to date ,... | backgroundraynaud phenomenon ( rp ) is common worldwide and presents diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties .
we aimed to share our experience with optimizing of patient follow - up by using the cold - stimulation test ( cst).material / methodsdata of 81 patients admitted with rp symptomatology were collected .
de... |
-thalassemias ( thal ) are inherited defects in the rate of synthesis of globin chains of hemoglobin , that are widely distributed throughout the world , with considerable frequencies in the eastern mediterranean countries , including iraq [ 13 ] .
the two most northern provinces of iraq are dohuk and erbil which co... | molecular defects responsible for -thalassemias ( thal ) were investigated among 254 chromosomes from 127 transfusion - dependent unrelated thalassemic patients from two provinces in northern iraq . among
fourteen identified mutations , the seven most common found in 88.2% of the thal chromosomes were : ivs - ii-1 ( ... |
cystic adventitial degeneration ( cad ) is a rare disease but a serious claudication that causes vascular stenosis , usually in middle - aged men.1,2 in ~85% of cases reported , cad affects the popliteal artery.1,2 typically , duplex sonography , angiography , contrast - enhanced computed tomography , and magnetic reso... | an 87-year - old male was admitted with intermittent claudication of the left calf .
we performed lower extremity angiography , which revealed stenosis of the left popliteal artery .
intravascular ultrasound ( ivus ) image correctly identified the cystic appearance of visualized extravascular hypodensity , causing ... |
crohn s disease ( cd ) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive tract of unknown etiology .
are common features , and nutritional deficiencies occur in cd patients in both active and remission phases .
emaciation is found in 2075% of patients with cd [ 1 , 2 ] , and approximately 75% of hospitalized cd pa... | we investigated energy expenditure in hospitalized patients with crohn s disease ( cd ) , and determined optimal energy requirements for nutritional therapy .
sixteen patients ( 5 women and 11 men , mean age 36 year old , mean bmi 18.7 kg / m2 ) and 8 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study .
measured resti... |
therefore , special attention was paid to the acidic fraction of
the gum resin extracts derived from different boswellia spp
. the acidic fractions ( containing lipophilic acidic ingredients )
of gum resins derived from different boswellia spp .
were separated from the neutral components ( i.e. , the essential ... | the microsomal prostaglandin e2 synthase ( mpges)-1 is
the terminal enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostaglandin ( pg)e2 from cyclooxygenase ( cox)-derived pgh2 .
we previously
found that mpges-1 is inhibited by boswellic acids ( ic50 = 330 m ) , which are bioactive triterpene acids present
in the anti - inflamm... |
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s00018 - 014 - 1758 - 1 ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users .
the human skin is our outermost layer that protects us against physical , chemical , and biological assaults from the external environment .
after birth , our skin co... | extensive efforts have been made to understand the molecular actors that control epithelial cell fate . although pieces of information have been obtained from single - gene function investigations , the entire picture of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of epithelial homeostasis is still mysterious .... |
especially the genesis of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract seems to depend on genetic predisposition , environmental factors , and diet .
evidence has been provided that these factors directly influence epigenetic mechanisms associated with cancer development in humans .
dna methylation / demethylation and hist... | evidence has been provided that diet and environmental factors directly influence epigenetic mechanisms associated with cancer development in humans .
the inhibition of histone deacetylase ( hdac ) activity and the disruption of the hdac complex have been recognized as a potent strategy for cancer therapy and chemopr... |
the treatment of pressure sores is a challenge for the health care professionals because they are difficult to heal have tendency to recur , add significantly to the health care cost and are often compounded by significant medical illness .
the complications and the recurrence rates are the major problems in pressure... | background : the treatment of pressure sores represents a significant challenge to health care professionals . although , pressure wound management demands a multidisciplinary approach , soft tissue defects requiring reconstruction are often considered for surgical management .
myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps ... |
the eosinophil granulocytes ( eg ) normally represent a small percentage of the leukocytes in blood , although they are much more numerous in the tissues .
they can destroy parasites , but they also have immune - regulating functions and they can be involved , for instance , in reshaping / remodeling the conjunctive ... | the authors carried out a retrospective study on the frequency , levels and relative and absolute mean values of sanguine eosinophily in children admitted with various parasitary diseases within the sanitary units in craiova and in the pediatric clinic of fundeni clinical institute , bucharest , over a period of 12 yea... |
carcinoma in situ of the breast is defined as abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells that do not trespass the basal membrane of the breast ductal or lobular system and consist of a heterogeneous group with different types of histology and also different prognosis .
the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ ( dcis... | background .
the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ ( dcis ) has increased at a fast rate.the aim of this study was to assess the incidence and treatment in the netherlands and estimate the excess mortality risk of dcis .
methods . from the netherlands cancer registry , adult female patients ( diagnosed 19972005... |
informed consent is a process of communication between a patient and physician that results in the patient 's authorization or agreement to undergo a specific medical intervention . for the clinician , this process is both an ethical obligation as well as a legal requirement .
there are three key elements of an app... | background and aims : this study aimed to determine whether a separate written consent form improved the efficacy of the informed consent process for anesthesia in adult patients undergoing elective surgery at a tertiary care teaching hospital.material and methods : we randomized patients into two groups prospectively ... |
small - cell esophageal cancer ( scec ) is a rare tumor accounting for approximately 1% of all esophageal malignancies .
scec behaves aggressively with early systemic metastasis , so prognosis is poor . although combined treatment including surgery , chemotherapy , and radiotherapy has been attempted , no optimum tre... | a 54-year - old male undergoing hemodialysis was admitted to our hospital because of difficulty in swallowing .
esophagography and esophageal endoscopy revealed an irregular ulcerated lesion in the cervical esophagus .
it was diagnosed as a small - cell esophageal cancer from the biopsy sample .
computed tomograp... |
reducing the gap between research evidence and clinical practice , or the so - called
evidence - practice gap , can lead to improved patient outcomes1 and reductions in healthcare costs2 .
one example of the
evidence - practice gap in stroke rehabilitation is the research finding that electrical
stimulation the... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of collaboration
between practitioners and researchers through research papers related to the
implementation of electrical stimulation ( es ) for stroke patients .
[ methods ] a systematic
review of the literature was conducted to collect data ... |
this prospective cohort study involved 64 consecutive patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with calcar preserving uncemented collared bipolar hemiarthroplasty between may 2011 and december 2012 in private ortopedia hospital .
this study was carried out in accordance with the ethical standards la... | backgroundthe treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly is still controversial .
the purpose of this study is to present treatment strategies for unstable intertrochanteric fractures with hemiarthroplasty using standard uncemented collared femoral stems and at the same time preserving the fractured... |
although rare in singapore it is an important cause of morbidity in south eastern asia .
the clinical presentation is of constipation followed by diarrhea with fever , headache , cough and relative bradycardia .
gastrointestinal ( gi ) bleeding is not a common manifestation of typhoid fever and massive hematochezia... | we present a case of massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to salmonella enterica subtype typhi ( s. typhi ) colitis , in a 29 year - old female treated for s. typhi bacteremia . one week post - treatment , she unexpectedly developed a large volume of rectal bleeding .
endoscopy showed colonic ulcers an... |
arterial stiffness ( as ) is an early manifestation of adverse structural and functional changes in the vessel wall , which are related to a wide spectrum of major clinical endpoints including atherosclerosis , hypertension ( ht ) , diabetes mellitus ( dm ) , chronic renal disease , valvular heart disease , hypertrophi... | background and objectivesobstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( osas ) is associated with increased arterial stiffness and cardiovascular complications .
the objective of this study was to assess whether the color m - mode - derived propagation velocity of the descending thoracic aorta ( aortic velocity propagation , avp... |
an enduring debate amongst breast surgeons concerns the adequacy of excision margins for both invasive and in situ carcinoma ( dcis ) . as yet , no unequivocal consensus has been reached as to what exactly comprises an adequate surgical margin after breast conserving surgery ( bcs ) .
typically , a specimen is excise... | aim .
when excision margins are close or involved following breast conserving surgery , many surgeons will attempt to reexcise the corresponding cavity margin .
margins are ascribed to breast specimens such that six faces are identifiable to the pathologist , a process that may be prone to error at several stages .... |
hepatic resection is still the most effective treatment for hcc ; however , the recurrence rate is very high even after curative resection .
the postoperative 5-year recurrence rate was shown to be higher than 70% , with 80% to 95% of recurrence being confined to the liver [ 14 ] .
intrahepatic recurrence has been ... | background / purpose .
the purpose of this study was to clarify whether preoperative gadoxetic acid - enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ( eob - mri ) and simultaneous treatment of suspected early hepatocellular carcinoma ( ehcc ) at the time of resection for progressed hcc affected patient prognosis following hepat... |
health - care professionals are accustomed to seeing frail older persons , but rarely do they recognize the role of sarcopenia in the pathogenesis of frailty .
even more rarely do they institute an aggressive treatment regimen to improve the older person s quality of life .
for this reason , six societies , includi... | the physical frailty phenotype consists of fatigue , weight loss , and loss of muscle power .
sarcopenia has been shown to be a major cause of frailty .
six societies including scwd published a consensus suggesting that all persons older than 70 years of age should be screened for frailty when seeing health profes... |
mical directs the organization of actin in a number of different cell types including within developing bristle processes , which are akin to mammalian mechanotransducing inner ear hair cells that detect sound .
bristles have also long served as a simple , single cell model for characterizing actin dependent events... | actin 's polymerization properties are dramatically altered by oxidation of its conserved methionine ( met)-44 residue . mediating
this effect is a specific oxidation - reduction ( redox ) enzyme , mical , that works with semaphorin repulsive guidance cues and selectively oxidizes met-44 .
we now find that this act... |
various events can lead to burned skeletal remains , which may include transport accidents such as aircraft and rail ; suicides ; and terrorist attacks .
conventional methods of identification such as visual identification and fingerprints have been rendered redundant in cases where the body is burnt beyond recogniti... | background : in large scale disasters associated with fire the damage caused by heat can make medico legal identification of human remains difficult .
teeth , restorations , and prostheses all of which are resistant to quite high temperatures and can be used as aids in identification process.aim:aim of the study was ... |
in the last 30 years , massive resources have been deployed to understand the molecular components and processes of human cells , both for clinical and fundamental research applications .
while this effort has been first targeted toward the sequencing of the genome and the mapping of its transcriptome , it has now sh... | nextprot ( http://www.nextprot.org/ ) is a new human protein - centric knowledge platform .
developed at the swiss institute of bioinformatics ( sib ) , it aims to help researchers answer questions relevant to human proteins . to achieve this goal ,
nextprot is built on a corpus containing both curated knowledge or... |
coumarin ( 1,2-benzopyrone ) is structurally the least complex
member of a large class of compounds known as benzopyrones
.
the biological activities of coumarin and related
compounds are multiple and include antithrombotic activity
and antimicrobial properties .
in addition , coumarins have been shown to ... | new complexes of samarium(iii ) , gadolinium(iii ) , and dysprosium(iii ) with coumarin-3-carboxylic acid ( hcca ) were prepared by the reaction of the ligand with respective metal nitrates in ethanol .
the structures of the final complexes were determined by means of physicochemical data , elemental analysis , ir an... |
late ureteric stricture or obstruction is not rare in kidney transplantation and occurs at a frequency of 2% to 7.5% in renal transplant recipients .
the use of percutaneous nephrostomy ( pcn ) and antegrade ureteric stent implantation to treat renal allograft stricture or obstruction seems to be safe and effective .... | purposethe aim of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of the cystoscopic extraction and external drainage techniques for unsuccessful antegrade stenting in transplanted severe ureteral obstruction.materials and methodsa total of 26 patients with severe transplanted ureteral obstruction in whom the cystoscopic ex... |
according to the american cancer society , 61,560 new cases of kidney cancer ( including renal and pelvis ) will occur in the united states in 2015 .
the preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative management of renal tumors rely heavily on the histopathological evaluation of needle core biopsies ( ncb ) and frozen sec... | background : full - field optical coherence tomography ( ffoct ) is a real - time imaging technique that rapidly generates images reminiscent of histology without any tissue processing , warranting its exploration for evaluation of ex vivo kidney tissue.methods:fresh tissue sections from tumor and adjacent nonneoplasti... |
plasmodium vivax ( p. vivax ) is the second widespread malaria species that causes disease in human and imposes sizeable socioeconomic burden and public health difficulty on many countries , particularly in asia and south and central america ( 1 ) .
although , p. vivax is responsible for more than 50% of malaria morb... | background : carboxy - terminal 42 kda region of plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1 is considered as an important antigen in blood stage . since
, this region has been observed to be polymorphic among isolates of p. vivax , it is significant to survey on different regions of this antigen in various areas of... |
it exists in many regions of the brain , such as ca1 of the hippocampus , visual cortex and cortical areas correlating with conscious perception .
it is known that synchronization is very important for information processing , such as predicting sensory input , and information codes . moreover ,
synchronous acti... | we discuss effects of various experimentally supported stdp learning rules on frequency synchronization of two unidirectional coupled neurons systematically .
first , we show that synchronization windows for all stdp rules can not be enhanced compared to constant connection under the same model .
then , we explore ... |
parental diabetes status was determined from a longitudinal study of health conducted within the gila river ( pima ) indian community in which residents 5 years old have been invited for research examinations consisting of the measurement of height and weight and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test ( ogtt ) approximatel... | objectivepaternal and maternal type 2 diabetes , exclusive of gestational diabetes , may influence risk factors in the offspring differently ( through possible epigenetic effects of parental diabetes ) and are difficult to identify without accurate dates of diagnosis . we aimed to examine a metabolic phenotype in three... |
cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) leakage is a potential complication of cranial and spinal surgery11 ) .
duraseal ( covidien , waltham , ma , usa ) is a synthetic product which has been increasingly used to facilitate watertight repair of dural defects after cranial and spinal surgery .
the duraseal has been demonstrate... | cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) leakage is a potential complication of cranial and spinal surgery .
postoperative csf leakage can induce delayed healing , wound infection and meningitis .
duraseal ( covidien , waltham , ma , usa ) is a synthetic product which has been increasingly used to facilitate watertight repair o... |
being retrospective in nature , the ethics committee approval for this study was not sought , as per institutional policy .
however , all the procedures followed were in accordance with the helsinki declaration of 1975 , as revised in 2000 . only eyes with cnv secondary to pathological myopia , defined as an eye with... | this retrospective , interventional case series analyses treatment outcomes in eyes with choroidal neovascularization ( cnv ) secondary to pathological myopia , managed with photodynamic therapy , ( pdt ) , ( group 1 , n = 11 ) , pdt and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide ( 4 mg/0.1ml ) ( group 2 , n = 3 ) , pdt and ... |
aflatoxin contamination of food and feed have gained global significance due to its deleterious effect on human and animal health and its importance in the international trade .
the potential of aflatoxin as a carcinogen , mutagen , teratogen , and immunosuppressive agent is well documented .
the problem of aflatox... | |
strain rate imaging is a spatial derivation of local velocity gradients : sr = error ! , subtracting translational velocities as well as the effects of adjacent segments ( tethering ) and giving information about the rate of regional deformation .
the method has been validated for regional function against wall m... | backgroundstrain rate imaging shows the filling phases of the left ventricle to consist of a wave of myocardial stretching , propagating from base to apex .
the propagation velocity of the strain rate wave is reduced in delayed relaxation .
this study examined the relation between the propagation velocity of strain... |
partial edentulism can lead to multiple complications from the functional , biological and esthetic aspects.1,2 after the loss of some natural teeth , the inter- and intra - arch relationships of the remaining dentition might be affected .
the adjacent teeth tend to adapt physiologically to the changes by drifting or... | partial edentulism has multiple implications in relation to function , esthetics and future rehabilitative treatment .
this case report illustrates the management of a patient with extreme consequences of partial edentulism .
the main clinical findings were unopposed remaining teeth , overeruption of the remaining ... |
in a phase ii multicenter double - blind study of gadobenate dimeglumine ( gd - bopta ; bracco spa , milan , italy ) , 113 adult patients with known or suspected liver masses were examined . from this group , 31 patients with biopsy proven malignant primary liver tumors ( hepatocellular carcinoma in 29 and cholangiocar... | objectiveto investigate the efficacy of gadobenate dimeglumine ( gd - bopta ) enhanced mr imaging for the detection of liver lesions in patients with primary malignant hepatic neoplasms.materials and methodsthirty - one patients with histologically proven primary malignancy of the liver were evaluated before and after ... |
a 50-year - old lady was referred for retinal evaluation to rule out aids - related retinal or ocular disorders .
optic nerves appeared normal . a visual field examination using 30 - 2 program on oculus
center field perimeter was performed to rule out lesions along the visual pathway , as clinical examination could... | we present a case of a human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) positive patient who was referred for retinal evaluation to rule out ophthalmic manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( aids ) .
she complained of some disturbance in vision in both eyes .
fundus examination showed no abnormality .
perimet... |
helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen and more than two third of the world population are infected mostly in developing countries .
helicobacter pylori is a gram - negative , spiral shaped and microaerophilic bacteria with persistence colonization in gastric mucosa , causes gastroduodenal inflammation an... | helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen and a gram - negative , spiral shaped and microaerophilic bacteria with persistence colonization in gastric mucosa , causes gastroduodenal inflammation and destruction , resulting in diseases such as duodenal ulcer disease , gastric ulcer disease . when h.pylori discov... |
skin and soft tissue infections caused by non - tuberculous mycobacteria ( ntm ) , which used to be considered unusual , have become more frequent in recent times .
atypical mycobacteria are environmental saprophytes , which may occasionally enter human skin through injuries and cause localized infection
. papules ... | environmental mycobacteria are the causative factors of an increasing number of infections worldwide .
cutaneous infections as a result of such mycobacteria are often misdiagnosed , and their treatment is difficult since they can show in vivo and in vitro multidrug resistance .
absence of pathognomonic clinical sig... |
in conventional dental brazing - defined as soldering over a temperature of 450c - the parent metals are joined with different types of metals , which may reduce corrosion resistance because of galvanic corrosion between metals57 .
the results of solmi , et al.14 ( 2004 ) highlighted the superior biological quality o... | the aim of this study was to compare the mechanical strength of different joints made by conventional brazing , tig and laser welding with and without filling material .
five standardized joining configurations of orthodontic wire in spring hard quality were used : round , cross , 3 mm length , 9 mm length and 7 mm t... |
acute otitis media ( aom ) is the commonest paediatric bacterial infection , affecting up to 75% of children at some time before age 5 years .
streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae , in particular the non - typable strains ( nthi ) , are responsible for up to 80% of bacterial aom [ 24 ] .
aom is among... | summarywe conducted an epidemiological , observational cohort study to determine the incidence and complications of acute otitis media ( aom ) in children aged < 6 years .
data on physician - diagnosed aom were collected from retrospective review of medical charts for the year preceding enrolment and then prospective... |
the simultaneous occurrence of achalasia and esophageal diverticula is rare.1 there have been few reports of esophageal cancer in achalasia and esophageal diverticula .
although most patients with only esophageal diverticula are asymptomatic , patients with both achalasia and esophageal diverticula may present with d... | the simultaneous occurrence of achalasia and esophageal diverticula is rare . here , we report the case of a 68-year - old man with multiple esophageal diverticula associated with achalasia who was later diagnosed with early esophageal cancer .
he initially presented with dysphagia and dyspepsia , and injection of bo... |
irritable bowel syndrome ( ibs ) is a chronic and debilitating condition , which places a significant burden on the national health service ( nhs ) , both in terms of financial cost and strain on primary and secondary care.13 the total attributable cost of ibs in the uk was almost 12 million per annum in 20122013 . de... | backgroundirritable bowel syndrome ( ibs ) costs the national health service almost 12 million per annum . despite national guidelines advising primary care management ,
these have failed to stem secondary care referrals of patients with likely ibs for unnecessary and costly assessment and investigation without nece... |
a 23-year - old indian female presented to a tertiary institute of northeast india with the chief complaints of dimness of vision , pain and redness in the right eye ( od ) for 3 months .
the patient was previously treated elsewhere with two posterior sub - tenon injections of triamcinolone acetonide given 6 weeks ap... | immunoglobulin g4 ( igg4-related diseases ) affects various tissues and organs of the human body .
orbital , adnexal , and scleral inflammations were already reported in the medical literature . to the best of our knowledge , we report the first case of intraocular igg4-associated inflammatory mass in the ciliary bod... |
in europe , the incidence of nosocomial urinary tract infections ( utis ) associated with the presence of indwelling urinary catheters ( cautis ) accounts for 3.55 per 1000 hospitalised patient - days with an important impact on public health costs . moreover , the presence of indwelling urinary catheter is a risk fact... | we evaluated , in a preliminary study , the efficacy of umbelliferone , arbutin , and n - acetylcysteine to inhibit biofilm formation on urinary catheter .
we used 20 urinary catheters : 5 catheters were incubated with enterococcus faecalis ( control group ) ; 5 catheters were incubated with e. faecalis in presence o... |
talking about health inequality in public health implicitly denotes socioeconomic inequality in health(1 ) . to acknowledge the importance of striving for equity in particular health equity- , it is necessary to know how extensive the differentials in health and its determinants globally are . in every part of the wo... | background
current evidence consistently confirm inequalities in health status among socioeconomic none , gender , ethnicity , geographical area and other social determinants of health ( sdh ) , which adversely influence health ofthe population .
sdh refer to a wide range of factors not limited to social component ... |
as a minimally invasive technique , laparoscopic surgery is widely used in benign gynecologic diseases and may also be used in malignancies such as endometrial cancer , cervical cancer , and early ovarian cancer .
recent studies have demonstrated that laparoscopic surgical staging of early ovarian cancer is as safe a... | minimally invasive surgery is widely used in benign gynecologic diseases and may be used in malignancies .
we performed a single - port access laparoscopy staging - bilateral salpingo - oophorectomy , laparoscopy - assisted vaginal hysterectomy , bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy , infracolic omentectomy , and washing... |
a 34-year - old female with end - stage renal disease treated by peritoneal dialysis ( pd ) complained of dry cough that had started 1 month previously .
the patient 's medications consisted of a calcium channel blocker , angiotensin receptor blocker , erythropoietin , ferrous sulfate , and sevelamer .
a chest x - ... | a 34-year - old female presented with end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) treated by peritoneal dialysis ( capd ) complained of a dry cough .
chest x - ray and chest computed tomography ( ct ) scan revealed massive right hydrothorax . because the glucose concentration of pleural fluid was markedly high compared with t... |
firefighters and aid workers are considered to be victims of heat stress in physiological activities . moving and lifting heavy objects or saving people under stressful conditions
are such activates done by firefighters while wearing protective clothes and a compressed air breathing apparatus .
numerous studies ind... | background : firefighters for difficult activities and rescue of damaged people must be in appropriate physical ability . maximal oxygen capacity is an indicator for diagnosis of physical ability of workers .
this study aimed to assess the cardiorespiratory system and its related factors in firefighters.methods:this ... |
dental practice is a high risk profession and every year a large number of dentists are at risk of job related musculoskeletal disorders [ 13 ] .
different factors such as heredity , stress , unsuitable posture during work , and lack of regular exercise can affect the incidence of such disorders . in many studies of ... | aim .
the purpose of the present research was to examine the factors that lead to musculoskeletal disorders in dentists by assessing their posture using rula method .
materials and methods . in this cross - sectional study , 130 dentists ( 84 male and 46 female ) participated .
the posture of the subjects during ... |
the accuracy of translation initiation site ( tis ) prediction in prokaryotes is still not sufficient .
though existing gene finders may reliably identify coding regions of significant length , they usually show a poor performance in predicting the correct tiss ( 13 ) . for genomes with a high g+c content in particul... | exact localization of the translation initiation sites ( tis ) in prokaryotic genomes is difficult to achieve using conventional gene finders .
we recently introduced the program tico for postprocessing tis predictions based on a completely unsupervised learning algorithm .
the program can be utilized through our w... |
keratocystic odontogenic tumor ( kcot ) , is regarded as a developmental abnormality and is generally known for its aggressive nature and high recurrence rate , especially in comparison with other developmental odontogenic cysts .
in addition to a distinctive biological behavior , the expression of various proliferat... | background : demonstrate the expression of cd105 ( angiogenetic marker ) in ameloblastoma ( am ) , keratocystic odontogenic tumor ( kcot ) and dentigerous cyst ( dc).material and methods : assessment of microvessel density ( mvd ) in 70 cases , including 20 kcot , 20 dc and 20 solid ams .
assessment of mvd should be ... |
paget 's disease ( pd ) of the bone was first described , in 1877 , by sir james paget under the term osteitis deformans .
it is characterized by rapid bone resorption and deposition , resulting in formation of numerous reversal lines , which give rise to a mosaic pattern in the lamellar bone with profuse local vas... | paget 's disease ( pd ) is a chronic progressive disease of the bone characterized by abnormal bone metabolism affecting either a single bone ( monostotic ) or many bones ( polyostotic ) with uncertain etiology .
we report a case of pd in a 70-year - old male , which was initially identified as osteonecrosis of the m... |
houston , texas , is a metropolis in the southeastern united states with around four million residents .
west nile virus ( wnv ) human cases were first reported locally in 2002 and have since become endemic with human cases reported annually .
wnv is an arboviral disease from the flaviviridae family whose main tr... | west nile virus ( wnv ) , a mosquito - borne virus , has clinically affected hundreds of residents in the houston metropolitan area since its introduction in 2002 .
this study aimed to determine if living within close proximity to a water source increases one 's odds of infection with wnv .
we identified 356 eligib... |
despite the significant progress in the therapy of hematological malignancies there are several problems that impede the use of the polychemotherapy for treatment of this group of diseases .
the first one is the high intrinsic toxicity of multiple chemotherapies [ 1 , 2 ] that may lead to the multiple - organ failure... | antitumor therapy of hematological malignancies is impeded due to the high toxicity of polychemotherapy toward liver and increasing multiple drug resistance ( mdr ) of tumor cells under the pressure of polychemotherapy .
these two problems can augment each other and significantly reduce the efficiency of antineoplast... |
pulmonary arterial hypertension ( pah ) is a rare incapacitating disease with progressive functional limitation and deterioration to right heart failure and death .
in addition to various disorders that can cause pah , a genetic predisposition to this disease was identified with the discovery of mutations in the gene... | we describe the case of an 83-year - old man with a family history of pulmonary hypertension ( ph ) who presented with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension ( pah ) and later tested positive for a novel bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 ( bmpr2 ) gene mutation . to our knowledge
, this may be the oldest reported... |
with the rapid progress in miniaturization of the solid - state devices , the effect of carriers spin in semiconductor has attracted considerable attention for its potential applications in photoelectric devices and quantum computing .
the traditional standard method of spin control depends on the spin injection tech... | we theoretically propose a double quantum dots ( qds ) ring to filter the electron spin that works due to the rashba spin
orbit interaction ( rsoi ) existing inside the qds , the spin - dependent inter - dot tunneling coupling and the magnetic flux penetrating through the ring . by varying the rsoi - induced phase fa... |
extranodal involvement is seen in approximately 25% cases of nonhodgkin 's lymphoma ( nhl ) .
primary adrenal lymphoma ( pal ) is rare with fewer than 200 cases reported in english literature .
the majority of the patients with pal present with bilateral adrenal masses and diffuse large b - cell ( dlbcl ) type is t... | primary adrenal lymphoma ( pal ) is a rare malignancy often involving bilateral adrenal glands .
diffuse large b - cell is the most common histological type . unilateral presentation and t - cell / natural killer ( t / nk ) cell histological type is rarer .
we report fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron
emissi... |
to report a case of wolfram syndrome ( ws ) characterized by diabetes mellitus , diabetes insipidus , progressive optic atrophy , and deafness .
a 19-year - old female patient , a known case of diabetes mellitus type i from six years before , presented with progressive vision loss since four years earlier .
ws sho... | purposeto report a case of wolfram syndrome ( ws ) characterized by diabetes mellitus , diabetes insipidus , progressive optic atrophy , and deafness.case reporta 19-year - old female patient , a known case of diabetes mellitus type i from six years before , presented with progressive vision loss since four years earl... |
it is the body 's immediate and carefully orchestrated response to pathogens , noxious stimuli , or physical injury .
in addition , responsiveness to plasma- and cell - derived inflammatory mediators reflects a more general role for inflammation in restoring functionality of the system to basal homeostatic set points... | the epithelium regulates the interaction between the noxious xenogenous , as well as the microbial environment and the immune system , not only by providing a barrier but also by expressing a number of immunoregulatory membrane receptors , and intracellular danger sensors and their downstream effectors . amongst these ... |
familial amyloid polyneuropathy ( fap ) is an inherited disorder with autosomal dominant transmission , characterized by systemic extracellular accumulation of amyloid fibrils .
the most common type of fap is related to transthyretin ( ttr ) , a protein that carries thyroxine and vitamin a .
plasma - circulating tt... | familial amyloid polyneuropathy ( fap ) is a group of disorders characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid substance in various tissues . the peripheral nervous system and the heart are the main target organs , but the eye may also be involved .
we report a case of vitreous amyloidosis as the first mani... |
a 53-years - old iraqi immigrant with longstanding ulcer history complained of severe epigastric pain .
minimal biliary dilatation was identified , with normal gallbladder , intrahepatic ductal air [ figure 1a ] , adhesion between the ventral pancreatic head and posterior proximal duodenum [ figure 1b ] , thin fluid ... | spontaneous pneumobilia without previous surgery or interventional procedures indicates an abnormal biliary - enteric communication , most usually a cholelithiasis - related gallbladder perforation .
conversely , choledocho - duodenal fistulisation ( cdf ) from duodenal bulb ulcer is currently exceptional , reflectin... |
in the 1990s , polly matzinger introduced the concept of immunological danger as a further refinement of burnet s original clonal selection theory which is the basis of self nonself discrimination by the immune system ( fuchs and matzinger 1996 ) . in her danger concept of immune function , she proposed immune res... | until recently , the immune system was seen solely as a defense system with its primary task being the elimination of unwanted microbial invaders .
currently , however , the functional significance of the immune system has obtained a much wider perspective , to include among others the maintenance and restoration of ... |
psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 3% of the united states population .
it manifests as well - demarcated , scaly patches on the skin , and it is associated with psoriatic arthritis and other comorbidities [ 24 ] .
the choice of psoriasis treatment varies depending on the severity and ext... | janus kinase ( jak ) pathways are key mediators in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis . psoriasis treatment has evolved with the advent of targeted therapies , which inhibit specific components of the psoriasis proinflammatory cascade .
jak inhibitors have been studied in early phase trials for psoriasis patients , ... |
in an attempt to overcome the gap between recommended levels of fiber consumption versus what is actually consumed in a typical american diet , fiber supplements have become a popular option as a convenient , concentrated source of fiber . given that a fiber supplement is an isolated fiber source consumed in addition t... | dietary fiber that is intrinsic and intact in fiber - rich foods ( eg , fruits , vegetables , legumes , whole grains ) is widely recognized to have beneficial effects on health when consumed at recommended levels ( 25 g / d for adult women , 38 g / d for adult men ) . most ( 90% ) of the us population does not consume ... |
the twentieth century witnessed a technology revolution in medicine and health through instrumentation , computer and information and communication technologies .
this revolution has continued in the twenty - first century , with smart cross- and trans - disciplinary technologies and innovations directly impacting me... | this paper summarizes the panel discussion at the ieee engineering in medicine and biology point - of - care healthcare technology conference ( pocht 2013 ) held in bangalore india from jan 1618 , 2013 .
modern medicine has witnessed interdisciplinary technology innovations in healthcare with a continuous growth in l... |
a 48 years old saudi male presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath , persistent low grade fever and easy bruising for 3 days .
the patient also complained of progressive weakness , loss of appetite for 2 months duration and had lost 7 kg of weight over the last 2 months .
his family or medical... | pure erythroid leukemia ( pel ) is rare hematopoietic neoplasm characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of immature erythroid precursors mainly abnormal proery - throblasts comprising at least 80% of bone marrow cells . in this paper ,
i present a case of 48 years old patient , who presented with pancytopenia an... |
cystoscopic evaluation of the lower urinary tract is a vital part of an office - based urologic practice .
however , regular surveillance cystoscopy is a significant source of morbidity for patients , and therefore attempts have been made to minimize discomfort secondary to this procedure .
flexible cystoscopy was ... | purpose : previous studies have evaluated the tolerability of rigid versus flexible cystoscopy in men . similar studies , however , have not been performed in women . we sought to determine whether office - based flexible cystoscopy was better tolerated than rigid cystoscopy in women.materials and methods : following f... |
soft tissue sarcomas belong to a rare type of malignant tumors deriving from connective tissue and orginating mainly from mesodermal germ layer .
retroperitoneal sarcoma ( rs ) constitute for approximately 0,4% of all malignant tumors , which is about 15% of all sarcoma localizations .
the retroperitoneal space is ... | purposethe primary aim of this work was to analyze feasibility of combined treatment of retroperitoneal sarcomas ( rs ) : surgery ( s ) and intraoperative brachytherapy ( iobrt ) .
the secondary aim was to analyze results and complications after this treatment.material and methods84 patients with retroperitoneal sarc... |
femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients often result in serious complications if proper and timely treatment is not provided . in particular
, the major objective of surgical treatment in the elderly might be the recovery of ambulatory ability in conjunction with fixation of fractures .
it is howeve... | purposewe aimed to quantify proximal femoral shortening after operation with compression hip screws for intertrochanteric fracture in patients under the age of 60 years.materials and methodswe followed 37 consecutive patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated with compression hip screws from march 2005 to februa... |
participants ( n = 3,234 ) at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes were randomized to the dpp between 1996 and 1999
. characteristics of the study population are reported elsewhere ( 1 ) . in july 2001 , masked dpp treatment was discontinued after it was established that lifestyle intervention reduced incidence o... | objectiveto assess the association between antidepressant medicine use and risk of developing diabetes during the diabetes prevention program ( dpp ) and diabetes prevention program outcomes study ( dppos).research design and methodsdpp / dppos participants were assessed for diabetes every 6 months and for antidepressa... |
primary hyperparathyroidism ( phpt ) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type i ( men1 ) has a penetrance rate of nearly 100% by the age of 50 years .
the underlying pathology in men1 phpt differs from sporadic disease ; parathyroid hyperplasia is present rather than a monoclonal adenoma .
differences in the natural hi... | background . management of multiple - endocrine neoplasia type 1- ( men1- ) associated hyperparathyroidism is associated with high recurrence rates and high surgical morbidity due to multiple neck explorations .
cinacalcet , a calcimimetic agent licensed for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism and parathyr... |
solvent
polarity strongly affects the mechanism of photoinduced electron transfer
( et ) reactions . in polar solvents ,
the process usually involves complete
et from the electron donor to the acceptor , thereby forming spin - correlated
radical ion pairs ( rips ) . in nonpolar solvents ,
the formation of e... | external
magnetic fields can impact recombination yields of photoinduced electron
transfer reactions by affecting the spin dynamics in transient , spin - correlated
radical pair intermediates .
for exciplex - forming donor
acceptor
systems , this magnetic field effect ( mfe ) can be investigated sensitively... |
the description of the external morphology was based on the air - dried material observed under a dissecting microscope .
the specimen used in this study was deposited in the lichen herbarium of korean lichen research institute ( kolri ) in sunchon national university , korea .
specimens from natural history museum... | karoowia saxeti was recorded during the lichen field expedition in southern part of korea in 2006 .
the lichen was found on the rock surface along coastal line .
this species was easily recognized by chemistry ( k+ yellow ) and the presence of isidia .
thallus was saxicolous , subcrustose , more or less lobate at... |
school - associated firearm violence among
children and adolescents is a national public
concern .
the objective of this study was to
determine the accessibility of firearms , methods
of firearm access and firearm safety knowledge
among middle and high school students in orange
county , california .
aft... | objective : school - associated firearm violence among
children and adolescents is a national public
concern . the objective of this study was to
determine the accessibility of firearms , methods
of firearm access and firearm safety knowledge
among middle and high school students in orange
county , californ... |
are used along the history ; however nowadays new advanced techniques have decreased the actual use of corneal tattooing .
new techniques like corneal grafting , keratoplasty techniques , and colored contact lenses may be used for treatment of corneal opacities instead of corneal tattooing .
corneal tattooing may b... | background . many patients with corneal opacity or complicated cataract in blind eye
ask for cosmoses . in this study we tried to investigate the staining of corneas of male rabbits by rotring china painting ink and to study the histological changes . method .
10 eyes of 10 male baladi egyptian rabbits were injecte... |
carney syndrome ( cs ) is an autosomal dominant multiple neoplasia syndrome that includes cardiac , endocrine , cutaneous , and neural tumors .
although the age at presentation may vary , cs is usually diagnosed in young patients , predominantly in female gender .
cardiac myxomas seen in the course of cs are most o... | abstractcarney syndrome ( cs ) is an autosomal dominant multiple neoplasia syndrome that includes cardiac , endocrine , cutaneous , and neural tumors .
cardiac myxomas can be seen in the course of cs .
a 46-year - old female patient was admitted to our clinic with palpitation , cough , and exertional dyspnea .
ph... |
chile , an upper middle - income country in south america , has seen increases in the prevalence of overweight and obesity , well - established risk factors for conditions such as cancer , cardiovascular disease , and diabetes [ 1 , 2 ] . in 1987 ,
the prevalence of excess weight among 6-year - olds in chile was 13% ... | this cross - sectional study evaluates the prevalence and extent to which high risk for obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) is associated with general obesity and central obesity among college students in punta arenas , chile .
risk for osa was assessed using the berlin questionnaire and trained research nurses measured ... |
venous thromboembolism ( vte ) is a significant cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality following orthopedic surgery .
the incidence of vte , which includes deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) and pulmonary embolus ( pe ) , following major joint arthroplasty is well defined in the literature.1 however , the reported ... | study design retrospective clinical study of a prospectively collected , national database .
objective determine the 30-day incidence , timing , and risk factors for venous thromboembolism ( vte ) following thoracolumbar spine surgery .
methods the american college of surgeons national surgical quality improveme... |
urinary incontinence is a common problem with widespread human and social implications causing discomfort , shame , and loss of self - confidence . it
although several large - scale studies have focused on epidemiology of urinary incontinence in women of western countries , limited data are available from asian count... | background and objectives : urinary incontinence is a problem that creates both physical and psychological nuisance to a woman .
this problem needs to be studied in detail in indian population because of lack of precise data .
the objectives of this study were to study the prevalence and risk factors of urinary inc... |
from january 2005 to july 2009 , 82 patients underwent dps and 78 patients underwent spdp for benign or low - grade malignant disease at first people s hospital affiliated to huzhou university medical college , huzhou , zhejiang province , china . spleen preservation was achieved in which the pancreas was dissected off... | goals : we designed this study to evaluate the efficacy of spleen salvage during distal pancreatectomy for patients with benign and borderline malignant tumors.background:despite the emphasis on its role , the spleen has commonly been removed in distal pancreatectomy.study:from january 2005 to july 2009 , 82 patients u... |
hutchinson gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ; mim 176670 ) was first described in 1886 by jonathan hutchinson and by hastings gilford in 1897 . since then , just over 100 cases of hgps have been reported and currently , there are approximately 40 known cases worldwide .
significant morbidity and mortality result fro... | hutchinson gilford progeria syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by premature aging involving the skin , bones , heart , and blood vessels .
we report a three - year - old boy with clinical manifestations characteristic of this syndrome .
he had a characteristic plucked - bird appearance , prominent... |
chondroid syringomas ( cs ) , first described by hirsch and helwig in 1961 , is a rare , benign , skin appendageal tumor , the reported incidence of which is < 0.098% of all the primary cutaneous neoplasms .
being a counterpart of mixed tumor ( pleomorphic adenoma ) of salivary glands , it is also termed as
mixed t... | chondroid syringoma ( cs ) represents the cutaneous counterpart of mixed tumor ( pleomorphic adenoma ) of salivary glands .
the malignant counterpart of cs , termed as
malignant cs is a malignant eccrine neoplasm which lacks distinctive clinical features , often delaying initial diagnosis . unlike its benign count... |
a 58-year - old man suddenly developed a numb sensation in his trunk and leg on the left side .
he had no history of hypertension , diabetes mellitus , cardiac problem ( including arrhythmia and coronary heart disease ) , or previous stroke , and he was a nonsmoker .
a neurological examination performed the day aft... | in rare cases restricted sensory deficits along the somatotopic topography of the spinothalamic tract can develop from a lateral medullary infarction .
to our knowledge , isolated dermatomal sensory deficit as a single manifestation of a lateral medullary infarction has not been reported previously .
a 58-year - ol... |
most commonly , contractures arise where adequate burn care and delivery have not occurred and scar management has not been instigated in a vigorous manner . repair by regeneration can no longer occur when the depth of injury extends beneath the reticular dermis , and healing by secondary intention.1 the resultant woun... | the scars and contracture around the oral - facial region may cause difficulty in prosthodontic treatment to restore esthetics and function for the patients , who suffered severe burns .
this article presents a technique that uses a fixed partial denture prepared with a conventional milling technique and an attachmen... |
functional hallucinations are an unusual form of perceptual disorder , in which hallucinations are triggered by a stimulus in the same modality , and co - occur with it .
for example , a patient may report hearing voices criticizing him every time he hears the sound of a rotating fan , and which stop when the fan is ... | functional hallucinations are a rare phenomenon , wherein hallucinations are triggered by a stimulus in the same modality , and co - occur with it .
although hallucinations in schizophrenia are normally treated using antipsychotics , not all patients respond to them .
the following is the report of a patient with p... |
with the incidence of obesity on the rise , an increasing number of patients are being frequently diagnosed with complications secondary to their high body mass index .
diabetes mellitus ( dm ) , hyperlipidemia , and coronary artery disease are a few of the more common diseases that seem to affect such individuals . ... | rhabdomyolysis is a serious medical condition in which the skeletal muscle tissue gets damaged and breaks down at rapid rates , potentially leading to death if not managed early on .
rhabdomyolysis in adults has several etiologies such as crush injuries , prolonged immobilization , strenuous exercise , hormonal or me... |
skin and soft tissue infections caused by non - tuberculous mycobacteria have been increasingly described as a complication associated with many procedures , including liposuction , illicit soft tissue augmentation , acupuncture , and contamination from medical instruments during surgery [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ] .
mycob... | non - tuberculous mycobacterial skin infections have an increasing incidence . in immunocompetent patients ,
they usually follow local trauma .
we present a case of cutaneous mycobacterium abscessus infection following mesotherapy .
the lesions were successfully treated with a combination of clarithromycin , cipr... |
in experimental and even clinical scenarios of af extracellular fibrosis and inflammation as well as downregulation of several ion channels and gap junctions , nexus or macula communicans have been documented in atrial tissue .
both af and cardiac heart failure ( chf ) are associated with excess amount of reactive ox... | p - wave dispersion ( pwd , pd or pdis ) is a noninvasive electrocardiographic ( ecg ) marker for atrial remodeling and predictor for atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
pwd is defined as the difference between the widest and the narrowest p - wave duration recorded from the 12 ecg leads .
increased p - wave duration and ... |
titanium
dioxide ( tio2 ) nanostructures have attracted
great interest in the past few decades due to their low cost , environmental
compatibility , and experimentally proven potential for photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications .
in particular ,
the use of such nanostructures as heterogeneous catalysts ... | we have investigated the suitability
of time - dependent density
functional theory ( td - dft ) to describe vertical low - energy excitations
in naked and hydrated titanium dioxide nanoparticles . specifically ,
we compared td - dft results obtained using different exchange - correlation
( xc ) potentials wit... |
the importance of oral health in the early years of life is well documented , and advocated by professional and academic stakeholders worldwide.13 importantly , early childhood oral health influences and outcomes are considered pivotal in determining oral health trajectories across the life course , and can impact oral... | backgrounddental caries , the most common childhood chronic disease , disproportionately affects vulnerable parts of the population and confers substantial impacts to children , families , and health systems . because efforts directed toward oral health promotion and disease prevention
are fundamentally superior to d... |
hypertension is a complex syndrome influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors . in view of some individuals being more susceptible to hypertension than others ,
although great hope was expressed in genome - wide association studies to unlock the genetic basis of hypertension , the results from such re... | single studies attempting to associate anp gene t2238c ( rs5065 ) polymorphism with hypertension have so far reported inconclusive results .
we therefore aimed to evaluate this association via a meta - analysis .
data on 7 studies with a total of 4068 subjects were available and analyzed using the random - effects ... |
influenza viruses were isolated in madin - darby canine kidney cells from lung tissue or nasal swab samples from pigs of various ages ( young growers to adults ) manifesting influenzalike illness ( ili ) in manitoba in january ( a / swine / manitoba/12707/05 ) , alberta in february ( a / swine / alberta/14722/05 ) , br... | since january 2005 , h3n2 influenza viruses have been isolated from pigs and turkeys throughout canada and from a swine farmer and pigs on the same farm in ontario .
these are human / classical swine / avian reassortants similar to viruses that emerged in us pigs in 1998 but with a distinct human - lineage neuraminid... |
competency is defined as the essential ability to perform a procedure safely and successfully without supervision . for a qualified dentist , competency is the summary of knowledge , attitude , professionalism , critical thinking and problem - solving skills , ethical values , and technical and procedural skills .
th... | aims and objectives : this study aimed to assess how competent the recent dental graduates perceive themselves to be in dental public health.materials and methods : a 21-item structured , close - ended questionnaire study was carried out at the klevk institute of dental sciences , belgaum , india .
students assessed ... |
the theory that events in the perinatal period have latent effects throughout the life course has become increasingly accepted .
the literature on the fetal - origins hypothesis strongly suggests that while maternal malnutrition and poor maternal health might not cause major malformations in childhood , such exposure... | we examined the relationships between selected perinatal and early infancy factors ( maternal smoking during pregnancy , infant low birthweight , breastfeeding , and early introduction of solid foods [ < 6 months of age ] and increased bmi [ 85th , 95th percentiles for age , sex ] ) , waist circumference ( wc ) , c - r... |
atherosclerosis , a systemic disease characterized by deposition of fatty materials , inflammatory cells , and scar tissue within the arterial walls , is the major cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events . in developed countries ,
atherosclerosis - related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events are esti... | abstractcalcification of the middle cerebral artery ( mca ) is uncommon in the healthy elderly .
whether calcification of the mca is associated with cerebral ischemic stroke remains undetermined .
we intended to investigate the association using agatston calcium scoring of the mca .
this study retrospectively inc... |
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