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three different types of carbon nanotubes are experimentally observed : armchair , zigzag and chiral .
these carbon structures are finished with semispheres containing pentagons and hexagons , being formally parts of fullerenes . due to their structure ,
the cnts are hydrophobic , strongly interact with light and p... | structure and energy calculations of pristine and cooh - modified model single wall carbon nanotubes ( swcnts ) of different length were performed at b3lyp/6 - 31 g * level of theory . from 1 to 9 cooh groups
were added at the end of the nanotube .
the differences in structure and energetics of partially and fully ... |
periodontal diseases are considered to be multifactorial diseases , where putative periodontopathogens trigger inflammatory and immune responses .
it is characterized by irreversible loss of alveolar bone and connective tissue attachment in the periodontium which ultimately results in the loss of teeth .
these path... | background . proinflammatory and anti - inflammatory cytokines
play a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases .
secretion of bioactive il-35 has been described by t regulatory cells ( tregs ) and is required for their maximal suppressive activity .
tregs are involved in the modulation of local immune... |
it is believed that the genesis of epiphrenic diverticulum ( ed ) , a rarely encountered disease , was associated with an oesophageal motor disorder .
failure to diagnose an epiphrenic oesophageal diverticulum may lead to some serious problems , such as gastrointestinal ( gi ) bleeding , pneumonia or cancer .
most ... | objective : most researchers believe that the presence of large epiphrenic diverticulum ( ed ) with severe symptoms should lead to the consideration of surgical options . the choice of minimally invasive techniques and whether heller myotomy with antireflux fundoplication should be employed after diverticulectomy becam... |
among various microbial pathogens , mycobacterium tuberculosis ( tb ) infection has been regarded as an important subject of scientific studies on the diseases prevalent among pre - modern peoples . by evidences of anatomical pathology
, researchers could report the presence of tb in the archaeologically obtained hum... | we found calcified pulmonary nodules in a middle - aged female mummy discovered from 350-yr - old joseon tomb of korea . in the ct scan
, we found six radiopaque nodules in right lung , through the levels of thoracic vertebrae 1 to 6 .
we also found presumptive pleural adhesions in right thoracic cavity of ct image... |
the number of publications about therapeutic and beneficial effects of transcranial direct current stimulation ( tdcs ) on the central nervous system has dramatically increased over the past several years .
one of the main reasons for the attractiveness of tdcs as a tool to modify neuroplasticity and neuronal activit... | transcranial direct current stimulation ( tdcs ) has been shown to modulate neuroplasticity .
beneficial effects are observed in patients with psychiatric disorders and enhancement of brain performance in healthy individuals has been observed following tdcs .
however , few studies have attempted to elucidate the un... |
rice is a major crop used by two thirds of the world 's population as their staple food .
it is drawing attention recently as a food with considerable impact on people 's health , and is usually consumed as brown rice or polished rice depending on the degree of milling .
brown rice is spotlighted as a health food c... | the objective of this study was to provide information regarding trends of rice consumption of korean adults based on different meal types .
respondent reports 24-hour recall data from the korean national health and nutrition examination survey were used to assess daily rice consumption and intake ratios of rice for ... |
inclusion - body myopathy with paget 's disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia ( ibmpfd ) is a rare , late - onset autosomal disorder arising from missense mutations in a gene coding for valosin - containing protein .
we report the case of a man carrying the previously described p.arg159his mutation , who ha... | backgroundinclusion - body myopathy with paget 's disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia ( ibmpfd ) is a rare , late - onset autosomal disorder arising from missense mutations in a gene coding for valosin - containing protein.case reportwe report the case of a man carrying the previously described p.arg159his ... |
cerebral palsy ( cp ) , with a prevalence of 1 in 278 children , is the most common childhood motor impairment .
the term cerebral palsy describes a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture attributed to nonprogressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain... | background . current health services
interventions focus on the treatment of the musculoskeletal impairments of cerebral palsy ( cp ) .
the goal of this study was to explore whether the severity of physical symptoms correlates with psychosocial quality of life ( qol ) among pediatric patients with cp .
methods . ... |
paw withdrawal thresholds ( pwts ) is the most commonly used method to assess pain - related behaviors in rodents [ 1 , 2 ] . due to the absence of verbal communication with animals
, pain can not be monitored directly in preclinical research but can be estimated by examining behavioral responses to nociceptive stimu... | backgroundthe rostral anterior cingulate cortex ( racc ) is important in pain expectation .
previous studies demonstrated that mechanical stimulus - induced withdrawal behaviors are spinally - mediated nocifensive reflexes in rats , but it is not known whether pain expectation is influenced by withdrawal behaviors.ma... |
diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin secretion ,
insulin action , or both .
a consequence of this is chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances in
carbohydrate , fat , and protein metabolism .
diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is a common disorder of
carbohydrate , fat , and protei... | [ purpose ] diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin
secretion , insulin action , or both .
a consequence of this is chronic hyperglycemia with
disturbances in carbohydrate , fat and protein metabolism .
we investigated whether there is
any difference among dm patients and ... |
amyloid aggregation of misfolded proteins that escape the cellular quality - control mechanisms is a common feature of a wide range of debilitating and increasingly prevalent diseases such as alzheimer s , parkinson s , huntington s , and creutzfeldt
jakob s diseases.1 amyloid fibrils display a core region formed fro... | amyloids are non - crystalline and insoluble , which imply that the classical structural biology tools , ie , x - ray crystallography and solution nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) , are not suitable for their analysis . in the last years , solid - state nmr ( ssnmr ) has emerged as an alternative tool to decrypt the ... |
invasive aspergillosis ( ia ) represents a serious health problem for the immunocompromised patient , especially those undergoing cancer chemotherapy or receiving corticosteroid therapy or immunosuppression to avoid allograft rejection or solid organ rejection .
aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous mold and the most... | the use of serum or plasma for aspergillus pcr testing facilitates automated and standardized technology .
recommendations for serum testing are available , and while serum and plasma are regularly considered interchangeable for use in fungal diagnostics , differences in galactomannan enzyme immunoassay ( gm - eia ) ... |
mycobacteria are important agents of human infections . while the most well - known infections are tuberculosis and leprosy , infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria are an increasing problem in soft tissues after surgical or cosmetic procedures ( 1 ) or in the lungs of cystic fibrosis and immunosuppressed patients... | abstracteffective and economical mycobactericidal disinfectants are needed to kill both mycobacterium tuberculosis and non - m .
tuberculosis mycobacteria .
we found that acetic acid ( vinegar ) efficiently kills m. tuberculosis after 30 min of exposure to a 6% acetic acid solution .
the activity is not due to p... |
this 34-year - old male patient had an impacted mytilus coruscus shell in the esophagus .
, the patients received a chest ct after contrast enhancement using a toshiba aquillion operating at 120 kvp and 62 mas , with a slice thickness of 3 mm ( fig .
1 ) . this 52-year - old male patient had a fish bone lodged in t... | this study was conducted to investigate the clinical application of three - dimensional ( 3d ) reconstructed computed tomography ( ct ) images in detecting and gaining information on esophageal foreign bodies ( fbs ) .
two patients with esophageal fbs were enrolled for analysis . in both cases ,
3d reconstructed im... |
patterns of activity from the peripheral sensory receptor arrays can dramatically influence the development of connectivity and functional organization of cortical fields in mammals . in some species ,
evolution in relation to specific environmental cues has nurtured the brain 's blueprint in such a way that a sensor... | early loss of a given sensory input in mammals causes anatomical and functional modifications in the brain via a process called cross - modal plasticity . in the past four decades , several animal models have illuminated our understanding of the biological substrates involved in cross - modal plasticity .
progressive... |
these diseases cause considerable morbidity and increase the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus infection .
the main aims of sti control program are to interrupt the transmission of infection and to prevent the development of complications and sequelae .
while the interruption of transmission is a... | background : sexually transmitted infections ( stis ) are a major public health problem in developing countries . these diseases are associated with increased risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus as well as adverse outcomes on pregnancy and reproductive health . sexual behavior and healthcare - seeking ... |
cutaneous metastasis from an internal malignancy is rare and it indicates the later stage . malignancies which affect internal organs may display cutaneous manifestations , which may be the presenting symptoms and signs of the underlying malignancy .
the aims of the study were to determine the frequency and significa... | background : many malignancies affecting the internal organs display cutaneous manifestations which may be either specific ( tumor metastases ) or nonspecific lesions.aims:the study is aimed at determining the frequency and significance of cutaneous manifestations among patients with internal malignancy.materials and m... |
as indicated in a recent systematic review by our group , there is conflicting information regarding both the relationship between flexibility training interventions and functional outcomes and the relationship between improved flexibility and daily functioning ; health benefits have not yet been established .
the co... | cross - sectional age - related differences in flexibility of older adults aged 5586 years of varying activity levels were examined . shoulder abduction and hip flexion flexibility measurements
were obtained from 436 individuals ( 205 men , 71 9 years ; 231 women , 72 8 years ) .
total physical activity was asses... |
light - cured composite resins ( lccrs ) have been studied extensively in recent years .
the
formulation proposed by bowen ( 1963 ) ,
which is still in use today albeit with slight modifications , consists basically of a
resin matrix , filler particles , monomers and a photo absorbing compound .
the latest de... | objectivesthis study evaluated the surface energy and wettability of composite resins
polymerized by different light - curing units to ascertain the good wetting of tooth
surfaces to achieve adhesion .
material and methodfiltek z350 ( 3 m espe ) , admira ( voco ) and grandio ( voco ) resins were selected for
th... |
unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a rapidly evolving field offering a curative therapy for various hematologic diseases . in particular ,
the proportions of older patients and patients transplanted with unrelated donors have increased over the last decade .
one prerequisite was the introduction o... | we investigated a possible interaction between age - associated risk and hla - mismatch associated risk on prognosis in different age categories of recipients of unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplants ( hsct ) ( n=3019 ) .
patients over 55 years of age transplanted with 8/10 donors showed a mortality risk of 2... |
hot water epilepsy ( hwe ) is a well - defined entity within the forms of reflex epilepsies , which occurs while bathing with hot water .
allen first described hwe in 1945 and subsequently there have been many reports of its prevalence in both children and adults .
hwe is a term used to encompass a reflex epileptic... | hot water epilepsy is a form of reflex epilepsy in childhood .
we report two children from saudi arabia , who presented with seizures following pouring hot water on their head , while bathing .
they were not treated by anti - epileptic medication . by decreasing the temperature of the water used for bathing ,
the... |
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is the most common cause of abnormal liver function tests in primary care in industrialized countries .
it is associated with insulin resistance ( ir ) and is considered as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome ( mes ) .
the reported prevalence of nafld varie... | nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is prevalent in 2025% of the general population and is associated with metabolic risk factors such as obesity , diabetes mellitus , and dyslipidemia .
histologically , nafld ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( nash ) , fibrosis , and cirrhosis .
... |
as the skull provides valuable information about individual human characteristics , its use in personal identification of human remains is of primary importance in medicolegal proceedings .
comprehensive comparative identification based on the skull depends on detailed anatomical , anthropological , and odontological... | computed tomography is commonly used in modern medicine , and thus , it is often helpful for medicolegal purposes , especially as part of the antemortem record . the application of postmortem computed tomography and 3d reconstruction of the skull in challenging cases is reported , and its valuable contribution to posit... |
recent investigations have demonstrated that increased intra - abdominal pressure ( iap ) during laparoscopic surgery , due to co2 insufflation , is associated with oliguria and anuria . using a porcine model ,
we have previously shown there to be a direct relationship between the decreased urine output and decreased... | background : increased intraabdominal pressure ( ipa ) during laparoscopy has been associated with decreased urine output .
the purpose of this study was to use a noninvasive mri technique to measure renal vessel flow velocity and change in differential renal medulla and cortex perfusion during pneumoperitoneum.study... |
some of the most fundamental cellular processes rely on anciently conserved non - coding rnas ( ncrnas ) .
these include , for instance , the ribosomal rnas which are assembled together to constitute ribosomes , the factories for translation of messenger rnas ( mrnas ) into proteins .
other ancient roles of ncrnas ... | the transcriptome of a cell is represented by a myriad of different rna molecules with and without protein - coding capacities . in recent years , advances in sequencing technologies have allowed researchers to more fully appreciate the complexity of whole transcriptomes , showing that the vast majority of the genome i... |
in the first day of life , bilirubin production is increased to an estimated average of 8 to 10 mg / kg of body weight per day , an amount about two or three times greater than that of adults .
phototherapy is the most widely used form of therapy for the treatment and prophylaxis of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia .
se... | objectivethis study was designed to determine the effect of clofibrate on neonatal uncomplicated jaundice treated with home phototherapy.methodsthis clinical trial study was performed on 60 newborns with jaundice that received home phototherapy .
inclusion criteria were body weight between 2500 to 4000 gr , breastfed... |
portal hypertension is a clinical manifestation of cirrhotic ( scarred ) liver disease ; however , it can arise from other etiologies not associated with cirrhosis .
this article focuses on noncirrhotic pediatric portal hypertension , which is not well documented in the literature .
noncirrhotic etiologies of porta... | abstract : pediatric portal hypertension management is a team approach between the patient , the patient 's family , the primary caregiver , and specialty providers .
evidence - based practice guidelines have not been established in pediatrics .
this article serves as a review for the primary care np in the managem... |
a 77-year - old woman with known spina bifida occulta presented to the emergency department with a 6-week history of severe low back pain and progressive paraparesis
. she was able to walk only two to three steps and only with two helpers .
she was previously asymptomatic and was aware of a hairy patch in the lower... | low - lying cord is an uncommon entity , and cord compression due lumbar disc disease is rarely encountered .
we discuss our experience with a case of lumbar cord compression secondary to a large disc protrusion , which caused myelopathy in a low - lying / tethered cord . a 77-year - old woman with known spina bifida... |
tumefactive demyelinating lesions ( tdls ) are a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system ( cns ) that can mimic the clinical and radiological features of intracranial neoplasms ( 1 ) .
therefore , brain biopsy is often needed for an accurate diagnosis , particularly if tdls occur in pati... | we herein report the case of a 57-year - old woman presenting with a biopsy - proven tumefactive demyelinating lesion as her first clinical event .
subsequently , she displayed a relapsing - remitting course with recurrence of large demyelinating lesions exceeding 2 cm in diameter rather than the small ovoid lesions ... |
craniosynostosis is premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures , which is usually encountered early in life .
this relatively common disorder of the skull affects between 1 in 2100 to 2500 children111 ) .
skull deformities have a wide range of etiologies from positional plagiocephaly to complex genetic syndrom... | most craniosynostoses are sporadic , but may have an underlying genetic basis .
secondary and syndromic craniosynostosis accompanies various systemic diseases or associated anomalies . early detection of an associated disease may facilitate the interdisciplinary management of patients and improve outcomes .
for tha... |
supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659 - 012 - 0028-x and is accessible for authorized users .
| six -carboline alkaloids including three new ones , trifilines a - c ( 13 ) were isolated from trigonostemon filipes , along with a new -carboline alkaloid , trigonoine c ( 7 ) isolated from trigonostemon lii .
their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic techniques .
trifilines a ( 1 ) and b ( 2 ) s... |
most of these are benign but malignant variants , called myoepithelial carcinomas ( mcs ) , are even rarer comprising about 10% of myoepitheliomas .
most of these occur in the parotid gland ; a few other sites of origin have been described such as lungs , trachea , oral cavity , larynx and breast . to our knowledge
... | myoepithelial carcinomas are rare tumors of salivary glands . most occur in the parotid gland buta few other sites of origin have also been described .
myoepithelial carcinoma of the nasopharynx has only been reported very few times . because the lesion is so rare in the nasopharynx , there are no specific guidelines... |
in the current issue of critical care , paulus and colleagues investigate whether the need for additional analgesia to prevent pain from endotracheal suctioning can be predicted by measuring the pupillary dilatation reflex ( pdr ) response to tetanic stimulation in deeply sedated patients .
this study touches on two ... | the pupillary dilatation reflex may present an objective method of predicting whether sedated patients require additional analgesia for painful procedures .
behavioural pain assessment tools identify pain only once it has occurred and are unable to guide pre - emptive management .
the pupillary dilatation reflex re... |
cycle ergometer exercise is very consistent since it comprises constant movement in a
sitting position , which reduces the load on joints1 and has a low risk of falls ; the load and pedaling types are readily
controllable .
therefore , the cycle ergometer is appropriate for elderly persons , who tend to
have re... | [ purpose ] proper pedaling posture can improve muscle strength and cardiopulmonary
function . to investigate proper pedaling posture for the elderly , this study compared the
pedaling efficiency of the elderly with that of the young by using an index of
effectiveness ( ie ) and kinematic results .
[ subjects a... |
tumours are heterogeneous and contain hypoxic and anoxic regions , which alter cellular metabolism tending to select for a more malignant phenotype , which increases mutation rates , increases expression of genes associated with angiogenesis and tumour invasion , and is associated with a more metastatic phenotype o... | phenazine 5,10-dioxides ( pdos ) are a new class of bioreductive cytotoxins , which could act towards tumours containing hypoxic regions .
the pdos selective - hypoxic bioreduction was probed in vitro ; however , the mechanism of action has not been completely explained . besides , pdos in vivo antitumour activities ... |
chemical leucoderma ( cl ) occurs after repeated topical or systemic exposure to a variety of chemicals , usually without preceding inflammation .
herein , a case of cl secondary to ear - ring stoppers made of polyvinyl chloride ( pvc ) is illustrated .
a 15-year - old girl presented with a patterned depigmentation... | we report a case of chemical leucoderma ( cl ) in a 15-year - old girl , who developed patterned depigmentation at the back of both ear lobules after contact with plastic ear - ring stoppers made of polyvinyl chloride ( pvc ) after continuous use for 67 months .
patch test with indian standard series and cosmetic ser... |
descrever a tcnica operatria da drenagem pulmonar atravs do estudo anatmico
em cadveres , determinar se o local definido para a drenagem pulmonar adequado e
seguro , e determinar a relao anatmica do tubo de drenagem com a parede
torcica , pulmes , grandes vasos e mediastino .
foram dissecados 30 cadveres de am... | objective : a cadaver - based study was carried out in order to describe the pulmonary drainage
surgical technique , to determine whether the site for the insertion of the chest
tube is appropriate and safe , and to determine the anatomical relationship of the
chest tube with the chest wall , lungs , large blood ... |
premature born infants are at increased risk for morbidity , longer hospital stay , and death as opposed to term born infants [ 1 , 2 ] .
much of the recent neonatal outcome literature focuses on infants with a very low birth weight ( < 1500 gram ) or infants born very prematurely ( < 32 weeks gestation ) [ 3... | little is known about motor development in late preterm born infants .
our objective was to determine long - term outcome of motor skills of infants born between 32 and 34 weeks .
all infants were assessed at corrected ages of 3 and 9 months , using the alberta infant motor scale . at corrected ages of 4 years , th... |
in order to gain insight into the perspective of a dialysis patient s carer , it is important to listen to and talk to carers . this is not as easy as it seems , since carers often feel that they can not talk freely about the burden of caring since they believe that they have nothing to complain about when compared to ... | carers provide unpaid care and support to ill , frail or disabled friends or family members .
it is important for health professionals to give carers of home dialysis patients time , space and permission to talk about how caring impacts upon their lives and to look at how best to support them . |
airborne contact dermatitis ( abcd ) is a morphological diagnosis that encompasses all acute or chronic dermatoses predominantly of exposed parts of body , which are caused by substances which when released into the air , settle on the exposed skin .
although the diagnosis of abcd is not difficult for the trained eye... | the increasing recognition of occupational origin of airborne contact dermatitis has brought the focus on the variety of irritants , which can present with this typical morphological picture . at the same time , airborne allergic contact dermatitis secondary to plant antigens , especially to compositae family , continu... |
the liver is the major site of detoxification and the primary target of drug exposure in the body ; therefore , drug - induced liver injury is a significant public health problem , accounting for over half of all cases of acute liver failure .
acetaminophen ( apap ) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent ... | background . acetaminophen ( apap ) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic .
when administered in high doses , apap is a clinical problem in the us and europe , often resulting in severe liver injury and potentially acute liver failure .
studies have demonstrated that antioxidants and anti - inflammatory agen... |
upper respiratory tract infections ( urtis ) are illnesses caused by an acute infection of the upper respiratory tract ( ie , the nose , sinuses , pharynx , or larynx ) .
acute urtis include the common cold , acute sinusitis , acute pharyngitis , acute laryngotracheobronchitis ( croup ) , acute epiglottitis ( supragl... | as part of its efforts to disseminate the results of cochrane reviews to a wider audience , the cochrane complementary and alternative medicine ( cam ) field develops summary of findings ( sof ) tables and then uses those tables as a basis for its plain - language summaries .
each sof table presents the most importan... |
breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females , accounting for 1 of 4 cancers diagnosed , and it is the second leading cause of deaths due to cancer among north american women . the american cancer society predicted that cancer of the breast would be diagnosed in 254,650 women and that 40,170 women would die s... | in 2003 , the revised american cancer society guidelines recommended that breast self - examination ( bse ) be optional . of 822 women diagnosed with breast cancer in our hospital from 1994 to 2004 , sixty four ( 7.7% ) were 40 years of age or younger .
forty four ( 68.7% ) of these young women discovered their bre... |
this is particularly true during early childhood as oral health can influence overall health and well - being .
keeping primary teeth healthy is essential as those who suffer from caries in their preschool years are more likely to experience caries throughout childhood and adolescence [ 2 , 3 ] .
early childhood ca... | objectives . several groups in manitoba , canada , experience early childhood caries ( ecc ) , including aboriginal , immigrant , and refugee children and those from select rural regions . the purpose of this pilot study was to explore the views of parents and caregivers from four cultural groups on early childhood ora... |
the plasminogen activation ( pa ) system plays an important role in various pathophysiological processes , including vascular and tissue remodeling , tumor development , and cancer progression [ 17 ] . in the cancer arena , which will be in the spotlight of this paper , some of the distinct molecular components of the ... | plasmin , one of the most potent and reactive serine proteases , is involved in various physiological processes , including embryo development , thrombolysis , wound healing and cancer progression .
the proteolytic activity of plasmin is tightly regulated through activation of its precursor , plasminogen , only at sp... |
the study of normal brain ageing , neurodegenerative conditions , and age - related cognitive decline is of increasing interest as populations age .
magnetic resonance imaging is proving to be a powerful tool for the evaluation of structural and functional changes [ 1 , 2 ] .
additionally , magnetic resonance spect... | object
we sought to measure brain metabolite levels in healthy older people.materials and methodsspectroscopic imaging at the level of the basal ganglia was applied in 40 participants aged 7374 years .
levels of the metabolites n - acetyl aspartate ( naa ) , choline , and creatine were determined in " institutiona... |
lung cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths throughout the world and is classified into two categories
. small cell lung cancer ( sclc ) constitutes 15 - 20% of the lung cancers while non - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) accounts for the remaining group .
nsclc includes squamous cell carcinoma , adenocarcinoma ... | chromosomal alterations are frequent events in lung carcinogenesis and usually display regions of focal amplification containing several overexpressed oncogenes . although gains and losses of chromosomal loci have been reported copy number changes of the individual genes have not been analyzed in lung cancer . in this ... |
32 adult male sprague - dawley rats weighing 200 - 250 g were used for experimental procedures . the ambient temperature and relative humidity of the animal room were 211c and 607% , respectively .
the study , which was conducted after the required permit is obtained from the local council of ethics for animal experi... | objective : viscum album ( va ) is a species of mistletoe in the family santalaceae that is thought to have therapeutic properties for several diseases , including diabetes . in the present study , conventional experimental rat model was used with diabetes induced with streptozotocin ( stz ) to evaluate effect of va on... |
polycystic liver disease ( pcld ) is characterized by a large number of liver cysts scattered throughout the liver parenchyma . this disease entity
patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease have polycystic kidneys , a feature that is absent in patients with autosomal dominant pcld.1 symptoms are ofte... | polycystic liver disease ( pcld ) is characterized by a large number of liver cysts scattered throughout the liver parenchyma .
we herein intend to present the beneficial effect of palliative fenestration treatment on quality of life in a patient with symptomatic pcld .
a 48-year - old female patient had been follo... |
a first experiment which was fundamental , described in 1973 , discusses the immune response to various antigens of an asterid : asterina gibbosa .
it indicated ( leclerc , 1973 ) , more exactly , the specific immunocytochemical response to hrp ( horse - radish peroxydase ) of the sea star .
the general idea that e... | the sea star asterias rubens reacts specifically to the antigen : hrp ( horse - radish peroxydase ) and produces an antibody anti - hrp .
we previously identified a candidate ig kappa gene corresponding to this manuscript .
we show now the gene referred to as : sea star ig kappa gene in its specificity . |
spermatogenesis is the process by which a complex , interdependent population of germ cells produces spermatozoa by mitosis and meiosis .
the process of spermatogenesis takes place within the coiled seminiferous tubules , and continues from puberty to old age .
it consists of various stages beginning with the forma... | fertility in the male is dependent on the proper production of sperm cells .
this process , called spermatogenesis is very complex and involves the synchronization of numerous factors .
the presence of pro inflammatory cytokines , tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( tnf ) , interleukin1 alpha ( il1 ) and interleukin ... |
we examined 2,696 mb ( 92.67% ) of the chimpanzee genome aligning with single regions in humans , removing assembly and alignment artifacts , segmental duplications , and other regions with complex genome histories ( supplementary information ) .
chimpanzee sequences aligning to macaque but not human were identified ... | humans differ from other animals in many aspects of anatomy , physiology , and behavior ; however the genotypic basis of most human - specific traits remains unknown1 .
recent whole genome comparisons have made it possible to identify genes with elevated rates of amino acid change or divergent expression in humans , ... |
primary squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) of the stomach is a rare type of gastric cancer . to date , only approximately 100 cases have been reported in the literature.1 because most of the literature is limited to single case reports ; the clinicopathologic characteristics , pathogenesis , best treatment option , and pr... | primary squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) of the stomach is a very rare disease .
however , the pathogenesis , clinical characteristics , and prognosis of gastric scc are controversial and remain to be elucidated .
herein , we report a case of primary gastric scc of the remnant stomach after subtotal gastrectomy .
... |
the development of t - cell - based interferon - gamma ( ifn- ) assays ( igras ) for mycobacterium tuberculosis ( mtb)-specific antigens represents a significant advance that is expected to replace the tuberculin skin test ( tst ) in screening for active tb disease or latent tuberculosis infection ( ltbi ) [ 13 ] .
t... | through the use of quantiferon - tb gold , a commercial ifn- assay , we compared differences in quantitative t - cell responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis ( mtb)-specific antigens [ quantiferon tb-2 g ( qft-2 g ) ] between patients with active tuberculosis ( tb ) disease and those with latent tb infection ( ltbi ) .... |
during brain development , postmitotic neurons migrate from their site of origin to distant places , differentiate , and make connections forming different layers of the cortex .
defects in this process results in abnormal neuronal positioning and connections in the brain , which may cause neurobehavioral problems la... | the roles of integrin subunits and intracellular molecules in regulating the migration and neuritogenesis of neurons isolated from 16.5 gestation days rat fetal cortices were examined using in vitro assays .
results showed that laminin supported the migration of fetal cortical neurons better than fibronectin and that... |
metastatic tumours to the oral cavity from distant organs are uncommon and represent approximately 1 - 3% of all oral malignancies .
such metastases can occur to the bone or to the oral soft tissues [ 1 - 4 ] .
the mandible is affected more frequently than the maxilla , with a predilection for the areas distal to t... | abstractbackgroundmetastatic tumours to the oral cavity from distant organs are uncommon and represent approximately 1 - 3% of all oral malignancies .
such metastases can occur to the bone or to the oral soft tissues .
almost any malignancy from any site is capable of metastasis to the oral cavity and a wide variet... |
antitubercular therapy with the first line drugs is very effective and well - tolerated with only few major adverse reactions .
cutaneous adverse drug reactions ( cadr ) with antitubercular treatment ( att ) can make further management of tb challenging .
isoniazid is the first - line antitubercular drug par excell... | tuberculosis is a common infectious disease in developing countries .
isoniazid is established the first - line antitubercular drug and an essential component of all antitubercular regimens .
erythroderma caused by isoniazid is an uncommon but serious adverse drug reaction .
we report here a case of a 63-year - o... |
anaesthesia for pituitary tumours booked for non neurosurgical surgeries is a challenge to an anaesthesiologist with the risk of sudden change in intracranial dynamics during administration of spinal anaesthesia or during laryngoscopy , intubation and extubation .
here we report anaesthetic management for elective lo... | successful anaesthetic management for caesarean section in a case with previous pituitary tumour resection , with residual tumour , is reported .
the pituitary gland undergoes global hyperplasia during pregnancy .
functional pituitary tumours may exhibit symptomatic enlargement during pregnancy .
growth hormone s... |
health is the fundamental rights of every human being and improvement of educational methods is a public duty ( 1 ) . considering the limited research in this field , a programmed approach to learning is evident in various cycles of life including menopause as the most critical period of women s life ( 2 ) .
lack of ... | backgroundquality of life in post - menopausal women and menopausal symptoms are closely related concepts .
influence health education policy in order to promote health and adopt a menopause lifestyle requires alternative strategies , including health training programs with community based interventions .
the curr... |
the analysis of native and underivatized lipids within body fluids as well as cell and tissue extracts is still a challenging task , in particular , if the molecular structure of individual components needs to be identified in decently short time .
the lipid composition consists of different main classes such as fatt... | in respect of the manifold involvement of lipids in biochemical processes , the analysis of intact and underivatised lipids of body fluids as well as cell and tissue extracts is still a challenging task , if detailed molecular information is required .
therefore , the advantage of combined use of high - pressure liqu... |
malnutrition is common in patients with end stage renal disease ( esrd ) on hemodialysis ( hd ) .
this may be associated with insufficient dietary intake , medication , inflammation , and/or their uremia status , which contribute to anorexia ( 1 - 4 ) .
loss of appetite reduces the intake of dietary energy and othe... | background : leptin is secreted by adipose tissue and decreases appetite .
however , the role of leptin in the pathogenesis of hemodialysis ( hd)-related malnutrition has not been fully evaluated.objectives:the aim of study was to investigate the association between the serum leptin levels , serum c - reactive protei... |
cystis fibrosis ( cf ) is a fatal autosomal genetic disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( cftr ) gene .
the cftr protein provides camp - regulated chloride conductance and acts as a regulator of apical na absorption .
although many organs are affected in cf , lung... | in cystic fibrosis ( cf ) patients , pulmonary inflammation is a major cause of morbidity and mortality .
the aim of this study was to further investigate whether oxidative stress could be involved in the early inflammatory process associated with cf pathogenesis .
we used a model of cftr defective epithelial cell ... |
we investigated 9 small - holding duck farms that reported bird deaths during september 12november 5 , 2012 ( 6 ) .
cloacal swab samples were collected from sick birds , placed in 1,000 l of viral transport medium , and sent for testing at laboratories of the regional ministry of agriculture disease investigation cen... | after reports of unusually high mortality rates among ducks on farms in java island , indonesia , in september 2012 , influenza a(h5n1 ) viruses were detected and characterized .
sequence analyses revealed all genes clustered with contemporary clade 2.3.2.1 viruses , rather than enzootic clade 2.1.3 viruses , indicat... |
helicobacter pylori ( h. pylori ) is a gram - negative bacillus that inhabits the gastric mucosa and mucus .
h. pylori infection is now known to be a risk factor of a wide range of diseases , such as atrophic gastritis , gastroduodenal ulcer , mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue ( malt ) lymphoma , gastric cancer , a... | objectives . the aim of this study was to investigate and compare the eradication rate of helicobacter pylori as the third - line triple therapy with rabeprazole ( rpz ) + amoxicillin ( ampc ) + levofloxacin ( lvfx ) and high - dose rpz + ampc . methods .
51 patients who failed japanese first - line ( proton pump inh... |
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer - related deaths .
furthermore , hcc is currently the leading cause of death among patients with liver cirrhosis .
intermediate - stage hcc is defined as an extensive multifocal disease without vascu... | transarterial chemoembolization ( tace ) is usually followed by hepatic dysfunction .
we evaluated the effects of l - carnitine on post - tace impaired liver functions . methods .
53 cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma patients at osaka medical college were enrolled in this study and assigned into either l - carniti... |
the early diagnosis of colorectal and pancreatic cancers remains an area of high unmet medical need , as underscored by the u s estimated combined , annual death rate of > 89,000 .
although the serum marker ca19 - 9 is elevated in the majority of pancreatic cancer patients , the specificity of ca19 - 9 is limited .
... | a serum elisa using a monoclonal antibody that detects a muc5ac - related antigen ( npc-1c antigen ) expressed by pancreatic and colorectal cancer was developed .
the npc-1c antibody reacts with specific epitopes expressed by tumor - associated muc5ac that does not appear on muc5ac from normal tissues .
based on ob... |
rupture of mycotic cerebral aneurysms is associated with significant morbidity and mortality ; however , unlike cerebral aneurysms from noninfectious causes , unruptured mycotic aneurysms can resolve with medical treatment.1
2 management of cerebral mycotic aneurysms requires an understanding of their pathogenesis , ... | mycotic cerebral aneurysms can present unique neurosurgical challenges .
we report a patient with left carotid occlusions , a ruptured left middle cerebral artery mycotic aneurysm , and a rapidly appearing unruptured left anterior cerebral artery / anterior communicating artery ( aca / acom ) mycotic aneurysm in the ... |
menkes disease ( md ) is a disorder of copper metabolism due to atp7a gene mutation that leads to severe copper deficiency .
deformed blood vessels can be found in many parts of the body , and intracranial hematoma is generally reported .
we report a taiwanese boy with md who had recurrent spontaneous subserosal he... | abstractbackground : menkes disease ( md ) is a disorder of copper metabolism due to atp7a gene mutation that leads to severe copper deficiency .
deformed blood vessels can be found in many parts of the body , and intracranial hematoma is generally reported.methods:we report a taiwanese boy with md who had recurrent ... |
the main manifestations of the lipodystrophy ( ld ) syndrome in patients with normal serum cortisol levels are fat accumulation in the dorsocervical spine ( also known as buffalo hump ) , in the breasts , and in the abdomen or fat reduction in the face and in the limbs .
these body changes are accompanied by dyslipid... | background . hiv patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) containing protease inhibitors ( pis ) had been often associated with lipodystrophy
. however , there are only few studies on association of nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( nrti and nnrti ) with lipodystrophy .... |
seaweeds are key ecological factors in shallow marine areas forming the base of the trophic web and structuring ecosystems especially on consolidated substrata .
hence , the pharmaceutical and the cosmetics industries have a special interest in algae as sources of specific molecules [ 14 ] .
also , several works ha... | hyphenated techniques of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer were used to determine fatty acids in eleven species of seaweeds from fernando de noronha archipelago .
the main compounds detected in all studied species were the alcohol phytol and the fatty acids 14 : 0 ; 15 : 0 ; 16 : 0 ; 18 : 0 ; 18... |
the stroke volume ( sv ) response to exercise is considered one of the most important indices of heart function.1 unfortunately , its direct measurement during exercise requires intravascular catheterization , and therefore is rarely performed in the clinical setting .
consequently , several noninvasive methods to es... | introduction : exercise oxygen pulse ( o2 pulse ) , a surrogate for stroke volume and arteriovenous oxygen difference , has emerged as an important variable obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing.objectives:we hypothesized that the o2 pulse curve pattern response to a maximal cycling ramp protocol exhibits a ... |
castor bean oil contains ricinoleic acid , a hydroxy monounsaturated fatty acid as main constituent of its fatty acid profile .
ricinoleic acid , cis-12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid , has an unusual polarity due to position of hydroxyl group .
castor oil is the only commercially available vegetable oil containing hy... | a study was conveyed to produce estolide ester using ricinoleic acid as the backbone .
the ricinoleic acid reacted with saturated fatty acid from c8c18 .
these reactions were conducted under vacuum at 60c for 24 h without solvent .
the reaction used acid catalyst , sulphuric acid . the new saturate ricinoleic ... |
urinary tract infection ( uti ) is one of the most prevalent infections in human beings ( 1 ) .
community acquired uti and nosocomial infection are two types of urinary tract infections ( 2 ) .
most of the cases of uti are commonly caused by gram negative bacteria ; escherichia coli is responsible for 80% of infect... | background : most urinary tract infections ( uti ) are caused by escherichia coli .
integrons have an important role in distributing antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria.objectives:the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of class 1 , 2 and 3 integrons and their association with antibiotic resistan... |
lymphocyte apoptosis has been increasingly recognized as an important step in the pathogenesis of sepsis , by inducing a state of ' immune paralysis ' that renders the host vulnerable to invading pathogens .
sepsis is an important clinical problem , affecting more than 700,000 people each year in the united states al... | sepsis is an important clinical problem with a mortality rate of 20% to 30% .
lymphocyte apoptosis has been recognized as an important step in the pathogenesis of experimental sepsis , by inducing a state of ' immune paralysis ' that renders the host vulnerable to invading pathogens .
the importance of lymphocyte a... |
cell lines and denv-3 strain - bhk-21 cells were propagated at 37c in
a humidified incubator with 5% co 2 in minimum essential medium supplemented
with 10% foetal bovine serum ( fbs ) .
mosquito c6/36 cells were cultured at 30c in
leibovitz s medium ( l-15 ) with 5% fbs .
both growth media were supplemented w... | dengue virulence and fitness are important factors that determine disease outcome .
however , dengue virus ( denv ) molecular biology and pathogenesis are not completely
elucidated .
new insights on those mechanisms have been facilitated by the development
of reverse genetic systems in the past decades .
unfo... |
several observations of the coexistence of endometriosis
and cancer have been published [ 1 , 2 ] .
we report a case of clear cell adenocarcinoma
derived from
pathologically confirmed endometriosis in the abdominal wall .
we discuss the
epidemiological and clinicopathological features of malignancy arising ... | endometriosis is a frequent benign disorder . malignancy arising in extraovarian endometriosis is a rare event .
a 49-year - old woman is presented with a large painful abdominal wall mass .
she underwent a myomectomy , 20 years before , for uterus leiomyoma . computed tomography suggested that this was a desmoid t... |
breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide . because of the lack of formal cancer registration in iran , there are no valid and reliable statistics about the incidence and mortality from breast cancer .
however , informal statistics show the incidence rate is about 24 and prevalence rate 120 per 100,0... | objective : despite evidence that screening for breast cancer is effective , adherence with screening recommendations in iranian women is low . the purposes of this study were to ( 1 ) identify the associations between individual characteristics , related health beliefs , and stages of mammography behavior and ( 2 ) ex... |
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( g6pd or g6pdh ) deficiency was first identified by dr . ernest beutler in 1953 .
it is an x - linked recessive hereditary disease characterized by abnormally low levels of g6pd , a metabolic enzyme involved in the pentose phosphate pathway , especially important in red blood cell m... | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( g6pd ) deficiency is the most common enzyme defect in humans .
g6pd deficiency is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical parts of the world and a conservative estimate is that at least 500 million people have a g6pd deficient gene . in several of these areas , the frequency... |
vibrio cholerae is a curved , rod - shaped , gram - negative bacterium that causes the severe diarrhoeal disease cholera .
two major virulence factors of v. cholerae are cholera toxin ( ct ) and an intestinal colonization factor known as the toxin coregulated pilus ( tcp ) .
recent studies show that v. cholerae has... | vibrio cholerae , the causative agent of the diarrhoeal disease cholera , survives in aquatic environments .
the bacterium has developed a survival strategy to grow and survive inside acanthamoeba castellanii .
it has been shown that v. cholerae expresses outer membrane proteins as virulence factors playing a role ... |
parenting interventions hold great promise for the promotion of healthy children , healthy families , and healthy societies , in ways that comprehensively impact the social , physical , and mental dimensions of human wellbeing ( olds , sadler , & kitzman , 2007 ; panter - brick & leckman , 2013 ) .
issues related to ... | backgrounddespite robust evidence of fathers impact on children and mothers , engaging with fathers is one of the least well - explored and articulated aspects of parenting interventions .
it is therefore critical to evaluate implicit and explicit biases manifested in current approaches to research , intervention , a... |
oxidation of lipids is widely regarded
as a contributing factor
to neurodegeneration , inflammation , and cancer .
the polyunsaturated
fatty acid residues of membrane phospholipids are prime targets for
oxidative attack , as these molecules possess multiple bis - allylic hydrogens , which are sensitive to abs... | oxidation of membrane phospholipids is associated with
inflammation ,
neurodegenerative disease , and cancer .
oxyradical damage to phospholipids
results in the production of reactive aldehydes that adduct proteins
and modulate their function .
4-hydroxynonenal ( hne ) , a common product
of oxidative dama... |
isolates of n. meningitidis from persons with invasive disease are forwarded to the state health department bureau of laboratories for serogrouping by slide agglutination .
isolates from outbreaks or clusters are further characterized by pulsed - field gel electrophoresis ( pfge ) by using nhei and spei restriction e... | recently , 14 persons in southeastern florida were identified with neisseria meningitidis serogroup w135 invasive infections .
all isolates tested had matching or near - matching pulsed - field gel electrophoresis patterns and belonged to the multilocus sequence type 11 clonal complex .
the epidemiologic investigat... |
cysticercosis , caused by encysted larva of taenia solium , is the most common parasitic infestation of the central nervous system , but spinal cysticercal infection is relatively rare with the incidence reported as only 0.75.85% .
majority of the reported cases of intramedullary cysticercosis ranged in age between 2... | neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system caused by larvae of taenia solium .
spinal cysticercosis is an uncommon site of cysticercal infection , and isolated intramedullary involvement is even rarer . we present a case of 10-year - old girl who presented with gradual ons... |
we firstly compared published resequenced genomes of three wolves and ten dogs ( including five ancient dogs and five modern dogs , supplementary material , supplementary material online ) to identify the most significant genetic legacy in the dogs deviating from their progenitors . to avoid inaccurate estimation of po... | dogs shared a much closer relationship with humans than any other domesticated animals , probably due to their unique social cognitive capabilities , which were hypothesized to be a by - product of selection for tameness toward humans . here , we demonstrate that genes involved in glutamate metabolism , which account p... |
corticosteroids are a versatile option for treatment of many pathologies , including dermatological conditions , due to their availability in a wide range of potencies and formulations.13 betamethasone valerate ( bmv ) is a medium - potency corticosteroid without mineralocorticoid properties.4 bmv has been successfully... | background and aimthe use of transdermal therapeutic systems has spread worldwide since they allow effective local drug delivery . in the present study , we investigated the efficacy and safety of a new betamethasone valerate medicated plaster ( betesil ) to manage facial swelling , edema , inflammation , ecchymosis , ... |
a 34-year - old lady was referred to our clinic with a history of progressive , painless swelling over the right lateral upper eyelid , for the past 1 year .
there were no systemic symptoms including loss of appetite , loss of weight , fever or a headache .
no significant medical , surgical or family history could ... | a 34-year - old patient with a swelling over the upper eyelid for nearly 1 year was seen in our clinic .
the history , examination and investigations were suggestive of a benign lacrimal gland tumor .
the tumor and lacrimal gland were resected .
subsequent histopathological examination revealed the tumor was a pr... |
celiac disease ( cd ) results from damage to the small intestinal mucosa due to an inappropriate immune response to a cereal protein .
belly. the disorder was previously called celiac sprue , based on the dutch word
sprue , which was used to describe a disease similar to tropical sprue that is characterized by dia... | celiac disease results from damage to the small intestinal mucosa due to an inappropriate immune response to a cereal protein .
long - standing or
refractory celiac disease is associated with an increased risk of autoimmunity and malignancy .
we produced a brief literature review starting from a case of duodenal ... |
celiac disease ( cd ) is a t - cell - mediated disorder , which is induced by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals .
different studies showed that the prevalence of cd is approximately 1% in many populations worldwide .
new diagnostic tools increased the consciousness and improved the diagnosis o... | there are overwhelming reports and descriptions about celiac associated
disorders .
although there is a clear genetic association between celiac disease
( cd ) and some gastrointestinal disorders , there are controversial reports
claiming an association between cd and helicobacter pylori ( h. pylori ) infecti... |
in a recent issue of critical care , hermans and colleagues showed that intensive insulin therapy ( iit ) significantly reduces the incidence of electrophysiologic detection of neuromuscular complications in critically ill patients .
these findings are consistent with data obtained from two randomized controlled tria... | critical illness polyneuropathy / critical illness myopathy ( cip / cim ) is a major cause of mortality and long - term morbidity in critically ill patients , but the true incidence and prevalence of these syndromes are not known .
hermans and colleagues show that when intensive insulin therapy is used as part of rou... |
some studies postulate a mechanism of molecular mimicry or heterologous immunity following viral infections triggering autoimmunity . apart from infections , other exogenous factors such as visible light or x - rays
we report a case of histologically and serologically confirmed subacute lupus erythematosus ( scle ) f... | backgroundthe origin of collagen autoimmune diseases is not fully understood .
some studies postulate a mechanism of molecular mimicry or heterologous immunity following viral infections triggering autoimmunity . apart from infections , other exogenous factors such as visible light or x - rays
have been reported to... |
reductions in vocational physical activity and the availability and consumption of energy - dense foods are often cited as primary culprits of the rising incidence of obesity observed throughout the world [ 16 ] .
the increased incidence of obesity has presented both health - related and economic challenges which exc... | postprandial hyperlipemia produces long - term derangements in lipid / lipoprotein metabolism , vascular endothelial dysfunction , hypercoagulability , and sympathetic hyperactivity which are strongly linked to atherogenesis .
the purpose of this review is to ( 1 ) provide a qualitative analysis of the available lite... |
this prospective cross - sectional observational study was conducted in the department of pharmacology and department of medicine over a period of 12 months ( may 2013may 2014 ) .
prior to initiation of the study , approval of the research protocol evaluation committee and the institutional ethics committee was obtai... | objective : diabetes has gradually emerged as one of the most serious public health problems in our country .
this underlines the need for timely disease detection and decisive therapeutic intervention .
this prospective cross - sectional observational study aims at analyzing the utilization pattern of antidiabetic... |
histologically , aggregates of calcium can be shown with von kossa stain.scn is a special type belonging to the idiopathic group , usually presenting as a solitary firm nodule on the head and neck.the pathogenesis of scn is not understood , yet .
scn is a special type belonging to the idiopathic group , usually prese... | sub - epidermal calcified nodule ( scn ) is an uncommon form of idiopathic calcinosis .
it usually occurs in children , particularly in the head and neck region , presenting as a solitary , painless , yellow - white nodule with papillomatous features .
these lesions occur twice as common in males compared with fema... |
it could have been a good idea to replace diseased liver tissue by healthy hepatocytes in order to provide the metabolic power , which gets lost during liver damage from any kind of challenge viral , genetic , chemical intoxication , etc . , ( muraca , 2011 ; puppi et al . , 2011 ; hughes et al . , 2012 ) .
this con... | mesenchymal stem cells represent an alternate cell source to substitute for primary hepatocytes in hepatocyte transplantation because of their multiple differentiation potential and nearly unlimited availability
. they may differentiate into hepatocyte - like cells in vitro and maintain specific hepatocyte functions ... |
childhood overweight and obesity is a growing problem worldwide which , according to the who , represents one of the most serious challenges to human health in this century . globally as many as 42 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2010 .
for example , manios has described how a team of 15 p... | childhood overweight and obesity , a worldwide problem , is generally identified using bmi ( body mass index ) . however , this application of bmi has been little investigated in children below 5 years of age due to a lack of appropriate methods to assess body composition . therefore , we used air displacement plethysm... |
human glp-1 fragment 736 amide , exendin-4 , nicotinamide , and resveratrol were obtained from sigma ( st . louis , mo ) .
rpmi-1640 medium , fcs , and other culture media were purchased from invitrogen ( burlington , on , canada ) .
antiacetyl - lysine and anti - sirt1 antibodies were obtained from millipore ( bed... | objectivethe glucoincretin hormone glucagon - like peptide 1 ( glp-1 ) enhances glucose - stimulated insulin secretion and stimulates pancreatic -cell mass expansion .
we have previously shown that the forkhead transcription factor foxo1 is a prominent transcriptional effector of glp-1 signaling in the -cell .
foxo... |
the pathologic causes of hyperparathyroidism can be divided into single adenoma of the parathyroid ( 89% ) , multiple hyperplasia of the parathyroid ( 6% ) , and parathyroid carcinoma ( 0.1 to 4% ) .
the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma is made by first referring to serum calcium or intact parathyroid hormone ( ipt... | the prognosis of parathyroid carcinoma varies significantly between numerous studies . therefore
, many attempts have been made to grade the degree of parathyroid carcinoma , and recently , classifying parathyroid carcinomas into either minimally invasive or widely invasive carcinoma- similar to follicular carcinoma ... |
the clearance of cell components , in particular those that are damaged , is essential for cell welfare and survival .
this is mainly , but not exclusively , performed by two different degradation pathways involving proteasomes or lysosomes .
the delivery of intracellular material to lysosomes for breakdown is prin... | autophagy is a membrane trafficking pathway responsible for the breakdown of unwanted intracellular materials and crucial for the cell healthiness and survival . in the autophagic flux ,
various dynamic membrane rearrangements occurs starting with the elongation of the phagophore and its closure to build an autophago... |
epidural analgesia has been used for decades as one of the modalities to relieve labour pain .
it has been accepted as an effective means of analgesia for women undergoing labour and its usefulness is well - recognised .
there is a wide variation in the use of labour epidural analgesia in different parts of the wor... | background and aims : the most frequent concern of patients receiving epidural analgesia for labour pain relief is post - partum back pain .
this survey was designed to assess the prevalence of post - partum backache with and without epidural analgesia among post - partum women.methods:the study was conducted at a un... |
noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis ( ncfb ) is a disease characterized by permanently dilated airways due to bronchial wall structural components destruction , as a result of bronchial inflammation caused by recurrent or chronic infections .
clinical and functional features of ncfb are chronic cough , at times with ha... | background .
neutrophilic bronchial inflammation is a main feature of bronchiectasis , but not much is known about its relationship with other disease features . aim . to compare airway inflammatory markers with clinical and functional findings in subjects with stable noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis ( ncfb )
. me... |
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