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congenital cardiovascular malformations ( chd ) are the most common group of birth defects , occurring in 6 to 8 per 1000 live births and are responsible for most deaths in the first 12 months of life . one quarter of these children will have critical congenital heart disease ( cchd ) , which requires surgery or c...	backgroundcongenital cardiovascular malformations are the most common category of birth defects and responsible for mortality in the first twelve months of life . critical congenital heart disease ( cchd ) will be present in approximately one quarter of these children , which requires catheter or surgery intervention...
in this paper , we study the global behavior of solutions of the following system : ( 1)xn+1=a+xni=1kyni , yn+1=b+yni=1kxni , n=0,1 , , where a , b are positive constants and initial conditions x i , y i ( 0 , ) , i = 0,1 , 2 , , k. a pair of sequences of positive real numbers { ( x n , y n ) } that s...	this paper is concerned with the boundedness , persistence , and global asymptotic behavior of positive solution for a system of two rational difference equations x n+1 = a + ( x n/i=1 k y ni ) , y n+1 = b + ( y n/i=1 k x ni ) , n = 0,1 , , k { 1,2 , } , where a , b ( 0 , ) , x i ( 0 , ) ,...
the developmental disturbances affecting the shape of tooth include gemination , fusion , and concrescence . gemination is an attempt at division of a single tooth bud by an invagination with incomplete formation of two teeth whereas fusion is union of two or more teeth . the number of teeth is reduced by one or m...	odontogenesis is a complex process wherein more than 200 genes are known to play a significant role in tooth development . an imbalance can lead to an abnormality in the number , size , shape or structure of the developing tooth / teeth . the presence of an extra dental lamina forms a supernumerary tooth . the su...
the study was approved by the mayo clinic institutional review board . after obtaining informed consent , screening tests were performed at the mayo center for translational science activities , clinical research unit ( cru ) , to ensure that subjects were healthy , not pregnant , and met enrollment criteria . subj...	the accuracy of continuous interstitial fluid ( isf ) glucose sensing is an essential component of current and emerging open- and closed - loop systems for type 1 diabetes . an important determinant of sensor accuracy is the physiological time lag of glucose transport from the vascular to the interstitial space . w...
intellectual property ( ip ) is defined as property that can be protected under federal law , including copyrightable works , ideas , discoveries , and inventions.1 most research and publications on ip focus on technological development within companies and industries2,3 and on academic and government laboratories.4,5 ...	while innovation and new product development is traditionally thought of as the exclusive domain of industry and academia , a large number of innovations in medicine and information technology have come from independent inventors , which account for almost 30% of new patents issued in the u.s . today . a large number...
patients with advanced cirrhosis can suffer from hepatorenal syndrome ( hrs ) , a unique form of kidney injury that results from renal vasoconstriction in the setting of systemic and splanchnic arterial vasodilatation , in the absence of intrinsic renal pathological changes . in a small fraction of patients , renal fun...	backgroundhepatorenal syndrome ( hrs ) is a serious complication of advanced chronic liver disease . abdominal compartment syndrome ( acs ) occurs with dysfunction of multiple organs when abdominal pressure increases . here , we report on a novel model of acs with ascites and a model of hrs in rats to observe the u...
symptomatic cerebral vasospasm is one of the major problems after subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) . it causes delayed cerebral ischemia and persistent neurological deficit in 20 - 40% of patients with sah . therefore , early diagnosis followed by therapeutic intervention is needed to improve the outcome of this dis...	backgroundtranscranial doppler ( tcd ) is used to monitor cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) , but its diagnostic ability is reported to be limited . therefore , the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the diagnosability of tcd and the localization of the vasospasm.me...
prion diseases and prion infectious agents are among the most fascinating biological topics of the twentieth century and have been under the spotlight for the last 30 years , particularly due to the striking epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( bse ) , which started in great britain in the mid - eighties an...	prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative sporadic , inherited , or acquired disorders . in humans , creutzfeldt - jakob disease is the most studied prion disease . in animals , the most frequent prion diseases are scrapie in sheep and goat , bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle , and the emerging chronic wa...
oral cenesthopathy is the complaint of abnormal oral sensation where no underlying organic cause can be identified . it is also called oral dysesthesia or oral somatic delusion and classified as delusional disorder , somatic type . the patients with oral cenesthopathy show right > left asymmetric regional cerebral ...	backgroundoral cenesthopathy is the complaint of abnormal oral sensation where no underlying organic cause can be identified . it is also called oral dysesthesia or oral somatic delusion and classified as delusional disorder , somatic type . the patients with oral cenesthopathy show right > left asymmetric regional...
	phytochemical evaluation of the chloroform extract of roots of polygonum viscosum has yielded six compounds , stigmasterol , 7,4-dimethylquercetin , kaempferol , quercetin , myricetin and scutellarein . among the six compounds isolated and characterized by chemical and spectral ( uv , nmr and mass ) analysis in the pre...
sjgren 's syndrome ( ss ) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by progressive lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands and other extra - glandular structures . dryness of the eyes ( xerophthalmia leading to keratoconjunctivitis sicca ) and mouth ( xerostomia ) constitute the typical clini...	sjgren 's syndrome ( ss ) is an autoimmune disease that chronic inflammation and lymph node proliferation . patients with ss carry a greater risk of developing lymphoproliferative malignancy . in addition to other organ cancers , breast cancer may also occur in these patients . considering these , breast cancer i...
gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) , defined as carbohydrate intolerance first recognized during pregnancy , affects up to 14% of pregnancies and appears to be increasing in frequency in concert with the rising prevalence of adult obesity ( 1 ) . childhood obesity has also become a major public health problem as e...	objectiveto evaluate whether treatment of mild gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) confers sustained offspring health benefits , including a lower frequency of obesity.research design and methodsfollow - up study of children ( ages 510 ) of women enrolled in a multicenter trial of treatment versus no treatment of mil...
herpesviruses are frequently found in humans , although their prevalence significantly varies depending on ethnicity , sex , and geographical location of individuals , among others [ 15 ] . currently , eight herpesviridae family members are known to infect humans : herpes simplex viruses ( hsv ) -1 and -2 ( hsv-1 , hhv...	besides overcoming physical constraints , such as extreme temperatures , reduced humidity , elevated pressure , and natural predators , human pathogens further need to overcome an arsenal of antimicrobial components evolved by the host to limit infection , replication and optimally , reinfection . herpes simplex viru...
patent ductus arteriosus ( pda ) is a common form of congenital heart defect with an incidence of one in 2500 to 5000 live births . the presence of volume overloading of the left atrium and left ventricle is an indication for closure of the defect . the risks of endocarditis , aneurysm of pda , and pulmonary vascul...	background : patent ductus arteriosus ( pda ) is a common form of congenital heart disease and forms about 5 - 10% of congenital heart diseases . surgical closure is safe and effective ; however , certain patients may experience some morbidity . recently , transcatheter closure of pda using the amplatzer duct occlu...
laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most common general surgical procedures performed in the united states today . whether performed as an open or laparoscopic procedure , bile duct injury ( bdi ) is a well - recognized and feared complication [ 15 ] . bile duct injuries often occur in the setting of distort...	purpose . the study was undertaken to evaluate a novel classification system developed to estimate financial cost of bile duct injury ( bdi ) and to aid in decision making for referral . study design . a retrospective review of patients referred for bdi was performed . grade i injuries involve the duct ...
obesity is characterized by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that is the result of a chronic imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure [ 1 , 2 ] . it poses a substantial health risk , as obesity is linked to several common diseases , such as type 2 diabetes , cardiovascular disease , stroke , arthr...	obesity is a serious health problem with an increased risk of several common diseases including diabetes , cardiovascular disease , and cancer . metabolomics is an emerging analytical technique for systemic determination of metabolite profiles , which is useful for understanding the biochemical changes in obesity or ...
regulation of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells occurs primarily at the initiation step of mrna translation , during which ribosomal subunits are recruited to the mrna through the action of eukaryotic initiation factors ( eifs ) . the regulation of mrna translation initiation plays critical roles in the regulatio...	translation initiation is known to be regulated by the binding of eukaryotic initiation factor 4e ( eif4e ) by binding proteins ( 4ebps ) , and there is evidence that amino acid deprivation and other cellular stresses upregulate 4ebp1 expression . to pursue the question of whether diets limited in an essential amino ac...
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia ( hht ) , also known as osler - weber - rendu disease , is a rare , genetically determined disorder of vascular dysplasia . it can manifest at any age and is known to be present in all races , in all parts of the world . the prevalence in india is not known . recurrent epistaxi...	arteriovenous malformation ( avm ) is a rare vascular anomaly of the lung , which manifests predominantly as dyspnea ( due to right to left shunting ) and paradoxical embolism . hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia ( hht ) being a rare genetic disorder is one of the most common causes of pulmonary arteriovenous malf...
the soft palate is the posterior fibrovascular part of the palate that is attached to the posterior edge of the hard palate . it participates in most of the oral functions like speech , swallowing , and respiration . although continuous research on dimensional analysis of soft palate and its surrounding structures ...	oral submucous fibrosis ( osmf ) is a chronic insidious disease affecting mucosa and submucosa of oral cavity and soft palate . the present study aimed to evaluate the morphology of soft palate in normal individuals and osmf patients using lateral cephalometry and to compare and correlate these variants of soft palat...
prostate cancer is a slow growing tumor usually without any sign or symptom in the early stages of the disease ( 1 ) . measurement of serum prostate specific antigen as a screening test and transrectal ultrasonography ( trus ) guided prostate biopsy in suspicious men help in the early detection of prostate cancer ( 2...	background : in prostate cancer , detection of seminal vesicle involvement is important because it influences the treatment planning and prognosis of the patients.objectives:the objective of this study was to determine the value of prostate mri with endorectal coil in the detection of seminal vesicle involvement in pat...
congenital cleft lip and palate ( clp ) is the most common birth defect in humans . the etiology is complicated , and it involves genetic and environmental factors [ 1 , 2 ] . maternal condition during pregnancy also appears to play an important role . smoking [ 46 ] , over intake of vitamin a [ 7 , 8 ] , and defic...	mice models are an important way to understand the relation between the fetus with cleft palate and changes of maternal biofluid . this paper aims to develop a metabonomics approach to analyze dexamethasone - induced cleft palate in pregnant c57bl/6j mice and to study the relationship between the change of endogenous s...
infliximab , an anti - tumor necrosis factor ( tnf)- monoclonal antibody , has been reported to be effective in refractory uveoretinitis in behet 's disease . because it has been used clinically for a short time , information on its adverse effects we report a patient who developed cystoid macular edema ( cme ) follo...	aiminfliximab , an anti - tumor necrosis factor ( tnf)- monoclonal antibody , has been reported to be effective in refractory uveoretinitis in behet 's disease . because it has been used clinically for a short time , information on its adverse effects is limited . we report a patient who developed cystoid macular e...
hip fracture patient data is prospectively input into the nhfd at our level 1 trauma centre institution by trained personnel . the clinical data for each patient were then identified and cross referenced with hospital electronic patient records to ensure accuracy . this project was approved by leeds general infirma...	backgrounda fracture neck of femur is the leading cause of injury - related mortality in the elderly population . the 30-day mortality figure is a well utilised marker of clinical outcome following a fracture neck of femur . current studies fail to analyse all patient demographic , biochemical and comorbid paramete...
the study was conducted on persons having somatization disorder attending the outpatient unit of lgb regional institute of mental health , tezpur , assam . the data were collected in a period of 3 months from september 2008 to november 2008 . a total of 60 patients were selected of both genders fulfilling the crite...	background : life satisfaction and perceived social support been shown to improve the well - being of a person and also affect the outcome of treatment in somatization disorder . the phenomenon of somatization was explored in relation to the perceived social support and life satisfaction.aim:this study aimed at inves...
proprotein convertase subtilisin / kexin type 9 ( pcsk9 ) modulates low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl - c ) concentrations by binding to hepatic ldl receptors , facilitating their catabolism , thereby increasing circulating ldl - c . statin therapy increases serum pcsk9 levels , a finding that may explain the...	the purpose of the present report was to examine whether proprotein convertase subtilisin / kexin type 9 ( pcsk9 ) levels differ in individuals who do not exhibit expected reductions in low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl - c ) with statin therapy . eighteen nonresponder subjects treated with 80 mg atorvastati...
we selected a consecutive series of 111 colposcopically directed cervical punch biopsies from the department of pathology , korea university anam hospital . using these biopsy samples , we performed an immunohistochemical staining for p16ink4a and ki-67 to establish a diagnosis during a period ranging from september ...	backgroundimmunohistochemical staining for p16ink4a and ki-67 has been used to improve the accuracy in making a diagnosis of the uterine cervix cancer on biopsy . this study was conducted to examine the usefulness of these markers in the pathological diagnosis based on cervical biopsy.methodswe selected a consecutive...
pseudoexfoliation syndrome ( pex ) is a common clinical condition that is characterized by the development of white and dandruff - like flakes in the anterior segments and is often associated with decreases and morphological changes in corneal endothelial cells.1,2 it is known that the presence of pex aggravates the ri...	purposethe aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with decreases in corneal endothelial cell density ( ecd ) resulting from cataract surgery in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome ( pex).methodsthe clinical records of 78 eyes of 78 patients with pex who had undergone cataract surgery were reviewed...
the most important forms of liver disease in dialysis patients are viral hepatitis b ( hbv ) and c ( hcv ) . the vast majority of literature on dialysis for hepatitis refers to hemodialysis ( hd ) . individuals receiving peritoneal dialysis ( pd ) are at less risk of acquiring blood - borne infections for several r...	hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection is a blood - borne infection and its prevalence used to be elevated in hemodialysis ( hd ) patients . its main mode of contamination relies on nosocomial transmission . hcv infection is frequently associated in hd patients with normal liver enzymes whereas liver histology can dis...
beyond the apparent anatomical simplicity of the male reproductive system , which has a basic design consisting of a pair of gonads with its corresponding excurrent ducts and associated accessory sexual glands , there lies an overwhelmingly complex system that is responsible for gamete production and transport into the...	aspermatogenesis is a severe impairment of spermatogenesis in which germ cells are completely lacking or present in an immature form , which results in sterility in approximately 25% of patients . because assisted reproduction techniques require mature germ cells , biotechnology is a valuable tool for rescuing fertilit...
guillain - barr syndrome ( gbs ) is an acute autoimmune - mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the peripheral nerves involving myelin sheath and axons . it is clinically characterized by rapidly progressing symmetrical weakness and hyporeflexia / areflexia followed mostly by recovery [ 1 , 2 ] . ...	guillain - barr syndrome ( gbs ) is an acute autoimmune - mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease that causes rapidly progressing paralysis and occasionally respiratory failure . we hypothesized that interleukin ( il)-17 and il-22 are elevated in gbs and participate in the autoimmune inflammatory response of gbs ...
arsenic is a significant public health concern due to its toxicity and carcinogenesis . chronic arsenic exposure is related to many adverse health effects , such as increased risk of cancers of the skin , lung , and urinary tract . more than 140 million people worldwide are believed to be exposed to arsen...	arsenic is an environmental toxin that enhances the carcinogenic effect of dna - damaging agents , such as ultraviolet radiation and benzo[a]pyrene . interaction with zinc finger proteins has been shown to be an important molecular mechanism for arsenic toxicity and cocarcinogenesis . arsenicals such as ars...
although papilledema is commonly reported with hypoparathyroidism primary or secondary , but not reported commonly with php . a 10-year - old male child presented to our outpatient service with the complaints of blurring of vision , diplopia , and associated headache . patient also had clinical signs and biochemica...	introduction : visual disturbance as a presenting feature of pseudohypoparathyroidism ( php ) is uncommon . although papilledema is commonly reported with hypoparathyroidism primary or secondary , but not reported commonly with php.description of the case : a 10-year - old male child presented to our outpatient servi...
based on the fact that computers are commonly used in hospital patient wards and operation theatres , it would be not surprising if they could be contaminated with nosocomial pathogens . cultures taken from the surface of computers keyboards yielded microorganisms such as coagulase - negative staphylococcus ( cns ) (...	inadequately performed hand hygiene and non - disinfected surfaces are two reasons why the keys and mouse - buttons of laptops could be sources of microbial contamination resulting consequently in indirect transmission of potential pathogens and nosocomial infections . until now the question has not been addressed wh...
miniature punch grafting is one of the easiest and cheapest office procedure for vitiligo with excellent repigmentation and minimal complications . in spite of the rapid ongoing advancement in its treatment , vitiligo remains one of the most common difficult to handle pigmentary disorders for a dermatologist , with a...	surgical treatment for vitiligo has been ever evolving . each surgical modality has its own benefits and limitations . miniature punch grafting is the most extensively performed surgery , which gives good results in stable vitiligo . herein we report an unusual type of repigmentation observed after minipunch graf...
the methodology compares utilization of imaging in the icd and nonimplant cohorts to illustrate the gap in volume of imaging linked to restrictions in its use in patients with icds . the study also compares utilization in subsets of the cohorts , including stroke , back pain , and joint pain . four calendar years o...	purposeto examine imaging utilization in a matched cohort of patients with and without implantable cardioverter defibrillators ( icd ) and to project magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) utilization over a 10year period.materials and methodsthe truven health marketscan commercial claims and medicare supplemental health i...
blood samples were collected during postmortem examination of 313 red deer and 211 roe deer shot during the 2010 and 2011 hunting seasons . the 524 samples were randomly collected during october december from 35 hunting estates in 4 of the 5 provinces in southern belgium ( figure 1 ) . the animals sex ; age ; body c...	schmallenberg virus was detected in cattle and sheep in northwestern europe in 2011 . to determine whether wild ruminants are also susceptible , we measured antibody seroprevalence in cervids ( roe deer and red deer ) in belgium in 2010 and 2011 . findings indicated rapid spread among these deer since virus emergence...
the so - called biometals ( e.g. , iron , copper , or zinc ) are known to play a fundamental role in numerous essential metabolic processes , thus being considered as essential for life . metal ion homeostasis is maintained through highly regulated mechanisms of uptake , storage , and secretion . a specific set o...	the accumulation of transition metals ( e.g. , copper , zinc , and iron ) and the dysregulation of their metabolism are a hallmark in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases . this paper will be focused on the mechanism of neurotoxicity mediated by iron . this metal progressively accumulates in the bra...
the era of interventional cardiology began with the performance of the first successful balloon angioplasty by andreas gruentzig in 1977 . the data from the european society of cardiology reveal that the total numbers of coronary angiographies increased from 684,000 in 1992 to 2,238,000 in 2004 ( from 1,250 to 3,930 ...	the incidence of splenic abscesses is currently 0.140.7% with a reported mortality of 047% . the diagnosis of splenic abscess which has ruptured into the abdomen is often overlooked because of its rarity and its misleading clinical presentations . percutaneous coronary interventions ( pcis ) and coronary stenting p...
it has been reported that there are more than 285 million subscribers to cell - phone services in the us in 2009 , which is more than a twofold increase from 110 million in 2000 . this dramatic rise of cell - phone usage has also led to concerns over their possible adverse effects on human health . while cell phone...	background . cell - phone usage has increased dramatically over the last decade , along with a rising public concern over the health effects of using this device . the association between cell - phone usage and hypertension has not been examined before . methods . we analysed data from 21,135 adults aged 18 yea...
osteogenesis imperfecta ( oi ) or brittle bone disease considered as a genetically heterogeneous connective tissue disorder which is characterized by bone fragility and thus repeated bone fractures . consequently skeletal deformities may arise as a result of reduced bone mass and frequent bone fractures . the incid...	this paper presents a case with dentinogenesis imperfecta ( di ) associated with osteogenesis imperfecta . systemic and dental manifestations of oi and its medical and dental treatments are discussed in this paper . a 5-year - old child with the diagnosis of oi was referred to the dental school of shaid beheshti un...
eri-1(mg366 ) ; nrde-2(gg091 ) , ( yy158 ) nrde-3(gg066),(yy174 ) ggis1[nrde-3p3xflaggfpnrde-3 ] , ( yy178 ) eri-1(mg366 ) ; ggis1 , ( yy186 ) nrde-2 ( gg091 ) , ( yy197 ) nrde-2(gg091 ) ; axis36[pes-10gfp ] , ( yy229 ) nrde-2(gg091 ) ; ggis1 , ( yy258 ) nrde-2(gg091 ) ; nrde-3(gg066 ) , ( yy298 ) nrde-3(gg066 ) ; ggis...	eukaryotic cells express a wide variety of endogenous small regulatory rnas that regulate heterochromatin formation , developmental timing , defense against parasitic nucleic acids , and genome rearrangement . many small regulatory rnas are thought to function in nuclei 1 - 2 . for instance , in plants and fungi si...
extramedullary relapse ( emr ) is a recurrence of leukemia in sites other than the bone marrow , and it exhibits a relatively rare presentation of relapse of acute leukemia ( 1 ) . however , the exact incidence of emr remains unclear because the reported incidence has varied in previous studies . about 3% - 5% of pat...	backgroundextramedullary relapse ( emr ) is a recurrence of leukemia in sites other than the bone marrow , and it exhibits a relatively rare presentation of relapse of acute leukemia . however , emr is an important cause of treatment failure among patients with acute leukemia . therefore , early detection of these ...
there is a remarkable regional variation in the incidence , sex and age distributions , aetiology , and site distribution of maxillofacial fractures depending upon the geographic conditions , cultural characteristics , and socioeconomic trends [ 16 ] . the province of pescara is a province in the abruzzo region of it...	the aim of the present study was to assess the etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures in the province of pescara , abruzzo , central italy . was performed a retrospective review of patients treated at the department of maxillofacial surgery of spirito santo hospital from january 2010 to december 2012 . data ...
the gut microbiota fulfills an important role , helping to protect its host from disease.12 the gut microbiota inhibits the proliferation and colonization of pathogens by occupying potential intestinal niches and competing for nutrients.13 additionally , the gut microbiota contributes to the differentiation and maturat...	the gastrointestinal ( gi ) tract is colonized by a dense community of commensal microorganisms referred to as the gut microbiota . the gut microbiota and the host have co - evolved , and they engage in a myriad of immunogenic and metabolic interactions . the gut microbiota contributes to the maintenance of host he...
early childhood caries ( ecc ) has been defined as the occurrence of one or more carious lesions occurring in a child younger than 71 months of age . caries is a multifactorial disease , and among the many factors associated with ecc , the role of stress has recently received a lot of attention [ 25 ] . the relatio...	objective . to compare salivary cortisol levels of children with ecc and their mothers with those of caries free children from a similar sociodemographic cohort . design . sixty - four college - educated , working mothers from middle income families with no history of anxiety disorders and their first born children a...
male sprague - dawley rats were made diabetic with a single intraperitoneal injection of 75 mg / kg stz ( sigma , st . these diabetic rats were healthy and did not need insulin supplementation to maintain body weight . insulin implants ( two linplant implants ; linshin canada , toronto , on , canada ) were placed s...	objectiveimpairments in mitochondrial physiology may play a role in diabetic sensory neuropathy . we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction in sensory neurons is due to abnormal mitochondrial respiratory function.research design and methodsrates of oxygen consumption were measured in mitochondria from d...
behcet s disease ( bd ) is known to be a systemic disease of unknown process affecting multi - organs with a variety of clinical manifestations , which are a result of systemic vasculitis caused by the deposition of immune complex onto the eye , skin , joint and central nervous system . but the pulmonary involvements...	behcet s disease ( bd ) is a systemic disorder of unknown process resulting from systemic vasculitis . the pulmonary involvements in bd are uncommon . furthermore , in the female , involvement of the pulmonary artery is quite rare . there were a few cases of female patients with bd with pulmonary artery aneurysm ...
incontinentia pigmenti ( ip ) or bloch - sulzberger syndrome is a rare x - linked dominant disorder that is predominant among females . it is a systemic disease that involves tissues of ecto- and mesodermal origin , including the skin , teeth , eyes and the central nervous system , among other organs [ 14 ] . it is...	incontinentia pigmenti is a rare inherited disorder involving abnormalities of the skin , hair , eyes , musculoskeletal system , central nervous system , and the teeth . dental abnormalities are the most common manifestations of this disorder . the purpose of this case report was to present the clinical and radiolo...
obesity is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the us and worldwide . obesity in adults and children increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus , cardiovascular disease , and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease , as well as psychosocial and social disturbances . significantly , obese ch...	obesity is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide . there has been a significant worsening of the obesity epidemic mainly due to alterations in dietary intake and energy expenditure . alternatively , cachexia , or pathologic weight loss , is a significant problem for individuals with chron...
rotator cuff diseases are some of the most common musculoskeletal diseases among adults , occurring frequently in both the young and the old1 . there are various causes and symptoms of rotator cuff diseases , and it is important to implement treatments appropriate for each case . as one ages and the rotator cuf...	[ purpose ] the aim of this study was to present an individualized resistance training method to enable exercise while maintaining an exercise load that is set according to an individual s joint angle - torque using a haptic - based resistance training machine . [ methods ] five participants ( machine group ) per...
extracted human teeth ( eht ) are routinely used by students for performing preclinical exercises , for preparing ground sections , and for research . since they harbor bloodborne pathogens and are a potential source of infection , they must be sterilized before use . the efficiency of several sterilization methods i...	aim of this study : the aim was to evaluate the efficiency of different sterilization methods on extracted human teeth ( eht ) by a systematic review of in vitro randomized controlled trials.methodology:an extensive electronic database literature search concerning the sterilization of eht was conducted . the search t...
shoulder arthroscopy is a commonly used technique for dealing with pathologies of the shoulder joint , like rotator cuff tears , recurrent dislocations and other subacromial lesions . arthroscopy of the joint can be performed under general or regional anaesthetic techniques , and the joint space is visualized with th...	an 18-year - old asa - i patient who underwent elective left shoulder arthroscopy developed severe airway obstruction post - extubation due to fluid extravasation from the shoulder joint into the neck and airway tissue . re - intubation for relief of obstruction resulted in negative - pressure pulmonary oedema . th...
the establishment of the primary dna sequence of a species is a key point in modern research . it permits to obtain subsequently further insights on the functionality of the genes present in a genome . the first plant genome sequenced was that of the eudicot model plant arabidopsis thaliana , which was released in 20...	in recent years , the genomic sequence of numerous plant species including the main crop species has been determined . computational tools have been developed to deal with the issue of which plant has been sequenced and where is the sequence hosted . in this mini - review , the databases for genome projects , the d...
chronic rhinosinusitis ( crs ) is one of the most common chronic medical complaints in the united states , affecting nearly 16% of the general population , and seems to be increasing in incidence and prevalence , accounting for 13 million physician visits annually and responsible for an estimated total cost of $ us6 bi...	chronic rhinosinusitis , one of the most common chronic medical complaints in the united states , seems to be increasing in incidence and prevalence , and has a significant impact on quality of life . topical forms of medical therapy represent an attractive alternative for drug delivery to the nasal cavity and parana...
organizational culture is defined as the ways in which people know and understand the values and beliefs of a specific group of people or an institution . these values and beliefs are established over time , are considered valid , and are taught to new members who enter into the culture [ 1 , 2 ] . organizational bel...	purpose . to create a substantive mid - range theory explaining how the organizational cultures of undergraduate nursing programs shape the adoption and incorporation of mid - to high - level technical fidelity simulators as a teaching strategy within curricula . method . a constructivist grounded theory was used t...
congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries , though uncommon , are an important cause of chest pain and in some cases can produce hemodynamically significant abnormalities , and even sudden cardiac death . malignant anomalous right coronary , with an incidence of 0.03 - 0.17% of patients undergoing angiography , i...	we report a case of an anomalous origin of a right coronary artery from the left coronary sinus with an inter - arterial course , between the aorta and the main pulmonary artery . this variant has been called malignant because of its association with sudden death , especially in young asymptomatic athletes . althou...
during june august , 2008 , with the permission of the governor of wakayama prefecture , japan , we caught 8 insectivorous vespertilionid bats , miniopterus fuliginosus , and used their spleens and kidneys to establish primary cell cultures . during passage of the primary spleen adherent cells , cytopathic effect ( ce...	because bats are associated with emerging zoonoses , identification and characterization of novel viruses from bats is needed . using a modified rapid determination system for viral rna / dna sequences , we identified a novel bat betaherpesvirus 2 not detected by herpesvirus consensus pcr . this modified system is us...
prostate cancer is estimated to rank first in number of cancer cases and second in number of deaths due to cancer among men in the western world . gastrin - releasing peptides ( grps ) , including bombesin - like peptides ( blps ) , are involved in the regulation of a large number of biological processes in the gut a...	molecular imaging with promise of personalized medicine can provide patient - specific information noninvasively , thus enabling treatment to be tailored to the specific biological attributes of both the disease and the patient . this study was to investigate the characterization of do3a - ch2co - g-4-aminobenzoyl - ...
bariatric surgery has proven to be a treatment of choice for morbid obesity [ 1 , 2 ] . it is recommended for patients with body mass index ( bmi ) above 40 kg / m or higher than 35 kg / m when associated with comorbidities which include the different components of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes [ 3 , 4 ] . ...	aim . the aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of four bariatric surgical procedures to induce diabetes remission and lower cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic obese patients . moreover , the influence of surgery on weight evolution in the diabetic population was compared with tha...
gorlin - goltz syndrome ( ggs ) also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome ( nbccs ) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder . the incidence of this disorder is estimated to be 1 in 50,000 - 1,50,000 in the general population , varying by region . it appears in all ethnic groups , but most often in whit...	gorlin - goltz syndrome is an uncommon autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by numerous basal cell carcinomas , odontogenic keratocysts ( okcs ) and musculoskeletal malformations . a rare case of this syndrome observed in a 13-year - old male patient is presented in which multiple okcs were causing dis...
photoaged skin is largely a result of chronic exposure to ultraviolet ( uv ) radiation.1 photoaging , which causes premature aging in the appearance and function of the skin , is similar to chronological aging in that it is cumulative over time . the amount of photodamage depends on the duration and intensity of expo...	backgroundphotoaged skin results from various environmental factors , most importantly chronic sun exposure . dyschromia and fine lines / wrinkles are common clinical manifestations of photodamaged skin.purposethis single - center clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and tolerability of a new multifunc...
adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is defined as a curvature of the spine with a cobb angle of more than 10 degrees with concomitant rotational displacement . curvatures larger than 50 at skeletal maturity are at high risk of continued progression throughout the lifespan . while bracing and surgical intervention have be...	the aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic outcomes obtained in a sample of patients treated with a chiropractic scoliosis - specific exercise program for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis . patients were treated and subsequently followed through skeletal maturity , and their results were repo...
cytochrome p450 ( cyp ) constitutes a large family of heme - containing enzymes that are present in a wide variety of organisms and are involved in the metabolism of both xenobiotics ( e.g. , drugs ) and endogenous compounds such as steroidal hormones . they function by oxidizing a broad spectrum of both wa...	cytochrome p450 3a4 ( cyp3a4 ) is the most abundant membrane - associated isoform of the p450 family in humans and is responsible for biotransformation of more than 50% of drugs metabolized in the body . despite the large number of crystallographic structures available for cyp3a4 , no structural information f...
in countries with free access to antiretroviral therapy ( art ) , infection with hiv has become a chronic manageable condition , and nonaids comorbidities have become an increasing concern . in particular , patients infected with hiv1 are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) 1 , 2 , 3 , such as myocardia...	objectivespatients infected with hiv are at increased risk of myocardial infarction ( mi ) . increased plasma levels of the inflammatory biomarker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor ( supar ) have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) , including mi in the general populati...
adult t - cell leukemia ( atl ) is an aggressive lymphoid proliferation associated with the human t - lymphotropic virus type i ( htlv - i ) [ 1 , 2 ] . htlv - i causes transformation and clonal expansion of t cells , resulting in atl in approximately 14% of the estimated 1020 million infected hosts , with a mean lat...	adult t - cell leukemia ( atl ) is an aggressive lymphoid proliferation associated with the human t - lymphotropic virus type i ( htlv - i ) . the intraocular invasion of atl is a rare event . a 75-year - old man without any systemic disease underwent uneventful cataract surgery of the right eye . on postoperativ...
the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( osas ) is characterized by repeated collapse of the upper airway during sleep , resulting in nocturnal hypoxemia and fragmented sleep . associated brain dysfunctions can be expressed , such as abnormal daytime sleepiness and lack of concentration , and these are common causes of...	background : dental practitioners have a key role in the quality of life and prevention of occupational accidents of workers with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( osas).aim : the aim of this study was to review the impact of osas , the continuous positive airway pressure ( cpap ) therapy , and the evidence regarding ...
ameloblastoma , a true neoplasm of enamel organ type tissue , is a slow growing but locally invasive benign epithelial tumor of jaws accounting for about 11% of odontogenic tumors . ameloblastoma occurs over a broad age range with average age range being fourth decade of life . radiographically , often presents as ...	ameloblastoma is an epithelial odontogenic tumor exhibiting diverse microscopic pattern that occurs singly or in combination with other patterns . this article describes a case of granular cell ameloblastoma ( gca ) involving mandible in a 55-year - old male . the possibility of granular component is there in other...
trypanosoma cruzi comprises a complex group of parasite populations circulating among humans , vectors , reservoirs , and wild and domestic animals . this parasite is the causative agent of chagas disease or american trypanosomiasis and is transmitted through triatomine vectors , which are blood - sucking insects ,...	trypanosoma cruzi , the protozoan responsible for chagas disease , has a complex life cycle comprehending two distinct hosts and a series of morphological and functional transformations . hemoglobin degradation inside the insect vector releases high amounts of heme , and this molecule is known to exert a number of ph...
cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita is an uncommon , congenital , vascular malformation composed of capillary and venous sized vessels . it presents with a fixed reticulate erythema that is similar to physiologic cutis marmorata , however skin lesions do not resolve with warming of the skin surface . when loc...	cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita ( cmtc ) is an uncommon , congenital , vascular malformation , characterised by a fixed , generalised or localised , reticulate erythematous rash . we report an eighty day old male child who presented with the above lesion involving the left upper and lower limbs with underly...
this nationwide survey was conducted in iran with the cooperation of the ministry of health and medical education , ministry of education and training , child growth and development research center , isfahan university of medical sciences , and endocrinology and metabolism research center of tehran university of medica...	background : socioeconomic status ( ses ) is a major determinant of health inequality in children and adolescents . the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of ses of family and living region with self - rated health ( srh ) and life satisfaction ( ls ) among children and adolescents . methods : this...
despite the fact that thanks to advancement in medicine , progression of treatment and care equipment , and the constant advancements in gynecology and obstetrics , premature neonates can have a better survival , leading to positive outcomes in pregnancy , the problem of complications and premature neonates still exist...	background : premature neonates feeding is of great importance due to its effective role in their growth . these neonates should reach an independent oral nutrition stage before being discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit . therefore , the researcher decided to conduct a study on the effect of palady and...
ragweed pollen is a major cause of respiratory allergy . in the pioneering age of allergy in the 19th century , when blackley discovered that grass pollen was the cause of hay fever , wyman demonstrated that the so - called autumnal catarrh ( hay fever ) was due to ragweed pollen.1 ragweed has optimal characteristics t...	backgroundin patients polysensitized to pollen allergens , the priming effect , by which the sensitivity of the nasal mucosa to an allergen is increased by the previous exposure to another allergen , is a known phenomenon . this study was aimed at evaluating the degree of nasal inflammation , assessed by nasal cytolo...
malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma ( meh ) , or high - risk epithelioid hemangioendothelioma , is a low - to intermediate - grade vascular malignancy originally described by weiss and enzinger in 1982 as a vascular neoplasm of endothelial origin . since this original description , epithelioid hemangioendothel...	malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma ( meh ) , or high - risk epithelioid hemangioendothelioma , is a low- to intermediate - grade vascular malignancy . a few cases of meh have been documented in the head and neck region , including the neck , thyroid gland , larynx and scalp . mehs are extremely rare in the ...
anxiety and mood disorders are frequent among the general adult population and during the reproductive years a significant proportion of women might experience depressive and anxiety disorders . the point prevalence for major and minor depression ranges from 8.5% to 11.0% during pregnancy 1 . in the overall populatio...	key clinical messagevenlofaxine , a widely used antidepressant , is known to cause a withdrawal syndrome . we present a case of neonatal transient ventricular dysfunction in a neonate exposed to venlafaxine in utero . other causes of ventricular dysfunction were excluded . neonatal ventricular dysfunction can be ...
primary spinal cord tumors are one of the rarest categories of tumors , representing approximately 4 to 16% of all tumors arising from the central nervous system ( cns).1 an epidural location for lymphoma is observed in 0.1 to 6.5% of the cases . we describe the diagnostic and management of a 45-year - old man who pr...	background primary spinal epidural lymphoma ( psel ) is one of the rarest categories of tumors . spinal cord compression is an uncommon primary manifestation and requires to be treated with surgery for the purpose of diagnosis and decompression . case presentation a 45-year - old man presented with a new onset th...
headache is one of the common complaints for patients who seek treatment at the hospital . they are classified to a series of diseases , although the exact pathophysiology of headaches remains unknown . the term cervicogenic headache ( ceh ) the classic ceh is characterized as recurrent , long - lasting , severe un...	in this case series report , two patients with cervicogenic headache were selected . after initial positive response to the greater occipital nerve block , pulse radiofrequency ( prf ) was performed on the position of the second cervical ganglion ( c2 ) . two patients reported 100% pain relief lasting for 6 months...
the exact mechanism of action none in which imiquimod and its analogs activate the immune system is not yet known . nevertheless , it is known that imiquimod activates immune cells through the toll - like receptor 7none ( tlr7 ) , commonly involved in pathogen recognition , on the cell surface . cells activated by ...	the clinical effect of imiquimod stems from cytokine - induced activation of the immune system . a randomized study was conducted to study the efficacy and safety of daily applications of 5% imiquimod cream in female patients with external genital warts and molluscum contagiosum ( mc ) . the clearance rate of lesio...
	we report on experiments that probe photosensitized chemistry at the air / water interface , a region that does not just connect the two phases but displays its own specific chemistry . here , we follow reactions of octanol , a proxy for environmentally relevant soluble surfactants , initiated by an attack ...
recently peek has been considered as an ideal choice for spinal fusion cage due to its low modulus of elasticity , excellent chemical stability , resistance to radiation used in sterilization procedures , transparency to radio waves , compatibility with reinforcing agent , and so forth . food and drug administration ...	polyether ether ketone ( peek ) is considered the best alternative material for titanium for spinal fusion cage implants due to its low elasticity modulus and radiolucent property . the main problem of peek is its bioinert properties . coating with hydroxyapatite ( ha ) showed very good improvement in bioactivity o...
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( pahs ) are produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon and are of concern as environmental toxicants / carcinogens . the most recent list of the priority chemicals at remediation sites by the agency for toxic substances disease registry ( atsdr ) includes individual pahs...	dibenzo(def , p)chrysene ( dbc ) , ( also known as dibenzo[a , l]pyrene ) , is a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( pah ) found in the environment , including food , produced by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons . dbc , classified by iarc as a 2a probable human carcinogen , has ...
video - laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( vlc ) , which is considered the gold standard for treating gallbladder lithiasis , finds its greatest challenge in acute cholecystitis . vlc has been quickly accepted due to the advantages it provides in the following areas : return to physical activity and work in 5 to 7 days ;...	it has been shown that a video - laparoscopic approach is the preferred method for treatment of cholecystitis . however , when we consider acute cholecystitis , many questions must be answered . the aim of this study is to compare video - laparoscopic and conventional surgery in the management of acute cholecystiti...
porphyria is a class of disorders of porphyrin and porphyrin - precursor metabolism resulting from aberrations in the control of the heme biosynthetic pathway . erythropoietic protoporphyria ( epp ) is an autosomal dominant / recessive porphyric disorder characterized by the accumulation of protoporphyrin in blood , ...	erythropoietic protoporphyria ( epp ) is an inherited disorder of the heme metabolic pathway that is characterized by accumulation of protoporphyrin in the blood , erythrocytes , and tissues , and cutaneous manifestations of photosensitivity , all resulting from abnormalities in ferrochelatase ( fech ) activity due to ...
a 48-year - old lady , gravida 3 , para 3 , presented with right inguinal mass associated with menometrorrhagia for eight weeks . she had a history of period pain at the groin during menses . on examination , the right inguinal mass measured 4 5 cm and was tender and relatively fixed . fine - needle aspiration ...	inguinal endometriosis can present as a rare tumor when it occurs outside the abdomen and pelvis . we present a patient with a painful tumor in the right inguinal region , where its diagnosis was made before the operation . this enabled a conservative excisional surgery to be performed . the literature is reviewe...
stroke is the single largest cause of global adult disability and secondary stroke is more likely to be fatal or cause major disability . on a global scale , secondary stroke prevention strategies and risk factor treatment and management have been shown to reduce stroke recurrence . causes of stroke are multi - fac...	despite improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease through medical advances , it remains the largest single cause of disability and the second leading cause of death on a global scale . despite this , patient awareness of cardiovascular risk is low and adherence to secondary prevention measur...
according to the previously conducted studies around the world , musculoskeletal disorders ( msds ) are the most prevalent disorders among computer operators . the prevalence of the neck and shoulders pain is reported to be high , in comparison with the pains in the other limbs that leading to sickness absence and di...	background : neck and shoulder pains are the prevalent complaints among computer office workers . the purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of somatization tendency , expectation of pain , mental health and beliefs about causation of pain with persistence of neck / shoulder pains among computer office ...
. there are certain prophylactic and therapeutic indications for bilateral dj stenting like bilateral calculus obstruction , following bilateral lower ureteric reimplants , in cases of malignant ureteral obstruction and after bilateral uretero - renoscopy ( urs ) . after the purpose of stents is over , patients are s...	there are many urological and non - urological indications which require bilateral double j stenting . we describe a point of technique for simultaneous removal of both the double j stents . both the stents are held by stent removing forceps at a point where they cross each other and then removed in one go with the...
view confronted the notion that the history of healing is par excellence the history of doctors. antithetical to a physician - centred approach was porter s call to do at present , porter declared , we remain profoundly ignorant of how ordinary people in the past have actually regarded health and sickness. an alte...	this article contextualises the production of patient records at glasgow s gartnavel mental hospital between 1921 and 1932 . following his appointment as asylum superintendent in 1921 , psychiatrist david kennedy henderson sought to introduce a so - called dynamic approach to mental health care . he did so , primar...
atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome ( ahus ) involves congenital or acquired chronic systemic alternative complement pathway dysregulation . this causes reduced host cell protection , dysfunctional complement activation of platelets and endothelial cells , inflammation , and thrombotic microangiopathy.1,2 terminal com...	objectiveto describe how maintenance eculizumab sustains improved renal function in severe atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome ( ahus).case reporta previously described 50-year - old woman with ahus had a remarkable recovery with eculizumab , which safely reversed profound neurologic damage and eliminated the need for d...
to establish occlusal plane while recording maxillomandibular relation during fabrication of complete denture , many methods have been tried in the past . needless to say that correct orientation of the occlusal plane plays a vital role in providing optimal esthetic and functional satisfaction.1 improper orientation ...	purposethe purpose of this study was to decide the most appropriate point on tragus to be used as a reference point at time of marking ala tragus line while establishing occlusal plane.materials and methodsthe data was collected in two groups of subjects : 1 ) dentulous 2 ) edentulous group having sample size of 30 for...
gastrointestinal problems often present with postprandial bloating , epigastric burning , nausea , vomiting , indigestion , sour eructations , and early satiety . biliary tract disorders are a common cause of symptomatic gastrointestinal disease , and it , therefore , becomes necessary to identify and characterize th...	aim : this study was aimed at standardizing the in - house fatty meal methodology in cholescintigraphy and to determine gall bladder ejection fraction ( gbef ) with this standardized meal.materials and methods : this is a prospective case control study where 61 patients having right upper quadrant pain and postprand...
venous cannulation is often a painful procedure with the potential to cause significant anxiety , distress , and discomfort.[13 ] pain relief prior to venous cannulation using topical analgesics is a growing practice as healthcare providers strive for a pain - free and pleasant hospital stay for patients . eutectic m...	background : venous cannulation is often a painful procedure for the patient . eutectic mixture of local anesthetic ( emla ) is the commonest topical analgesic used but suffers from disadvantages such as slow onset and skin blanching , which may interfere with venous cannulation . amethocaine is a newer topical ana...
	an analysis of the phylogenetic distribution and virulence genes of escherichia coli isolates which predispose this bacteria to translocate from the urinary tract to the bloodstream is presented . one - dimensional analysis indicated that the occurrence of p fimbriae and -hemolysin coding genes is more frequent among...
central serous chorioretinopathy ( cscr ) is a relatively frequent ocular disorder characterized by the accumulation of subretinal fluid at the posterior pole , causing a circumscribed area of retinal detachment . the detachment frequently involves the macular area , such that patients usually complain of metamorphop...	a 28-year - old man with bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy ( cscr ) and body weight gain was diagnosed with cushing 's syndrome secondary to an adrenocortical adenoma . the patient had high levels of free cortisol and the tumor was confirmed by histopathology . after surgery , cortisol levels decreased and...
the last 50 years have witnessed an impressive evolution in the antibiotic armamentarium at the clinician s disposal . the availability of effective antibiotic treatment has substantially impacted on overall mortality of patients with lower respiratory tract infections ( lrtis ) . international guideline drafting a...	few adequately designed clinical trials have addressed optimal treatment duration in lower respiratory tract infections . drugs possessing favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles may obtain early bacterial eradication allowing shorter treatment duration . this may be associated with a number of adva...
fatigue is a common symptom in palliative care patients , and virtually , every intervention used to treat cancer , as well as the primary disease itself , may cause or contribute to fatigue . in a study of 1000 patients in an american palliative care programme , fatigue , weakness , and lack of energy were three of th...	abstractbackgroundin palliative care patients , fatigue can be severely debilitating and is often not counteracted with rest , thereby impacting daily activity and quality of life . further complicating issues are the multidimensionality , subjective nature and lack of a consensus definition of fatigue . the review aim...
while there are many ambiguities in terms of explaining the behaviour of metastases , the theory of cell migration for the origin of metastases remains accepted today . convincing evidence in favour of this is the cytological identity of the metastatic cells and the cancer cells in the primary tumour . however , no...	abstracta new hypothesis for the origin of metastases is presented . it assumes that a cancer - transformed gene in a primary tumour is incorporated in its identical form via a virus - vector function into biologically potent recipient cells in other organs , such as stem cells , multipotent cells or cells in an earl...
the major mechanisms that have been recognized to contribute to the anemia of uremia are increased destruction and decreased production of red blood cells . radioactive iron turnover studies have been done in uremic patients to measure erythropoietic activity or to investigate the effect of hemodialysis on iron metab...	ferrokinetic studies were performed with 59fe - citrate to evaluate erythropoietic activity in capd patients and to investigate the mechanism(s ) by which the hematocrit increases in capd patients . plasma iron disappearance rate ( pid ) , plasma iron turnover rate ( pit ) , red cell iron utilization ( rciu ) , red cel...
the aberrant anatomy has been reported in up to 17% of cases with bile duct injury . one such rare anomaly is congenital absence of the common bile duct ( cbd ) . in our case , the cbd was absent and the common hepatic duct ( chd ) was opening into the gallbladder ( gb ) through which bile was draining into the duo...	congenital absence of the common bile duct ( cbd ) is an extremely rare developmental anomaly with right and left hepatic ducts draining directly into the gallbladder ( gb ) . other synonyms for this clinical condition are cholecystohepatic ducts , transverse lie of the gb or interposition of the gb . the po...
we used data for june 2004may 2014 from a sentinel laboratory surveillance system , as described ( 2 ) . cumulative incidence ratios ( cirs ) with 95% cis were calculated for comparisons of pre - pcv7 ( june 2004may 2006 ) , pre - pcv10 ( june 2009may 2011 ) , early post - pcv10 ( june 2011may 2013 ) and 3-year post ...	three years after a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was replaced by a 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the netherlands , we observed a decrease in incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1 , 5 , and 7f . our data do not support or exclude cross - protec...
the haller index ranged from 2.6 to 13 , with a median value of 5.0 . all patients received oral benzodiazepines ( lorazepam 0.02 - 0.1 mg / kg / dose ) the night before the surgery . the mean duration of anaesthesia was 2.9 hours ( 2.3 - 3.2 ) and the time for surgery ranged between 1 to 3 hours , with a median du...	the nuss procedure for the correction of pectus excavatum ( pe ) is associated with intense postoperative pain . our strategy to control early postoperative pain is to combine epidural with intravenous analgesia . our aim was to analyse our pain control strategy by reviewing all the pe cases treated at our institut...

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