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gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) represents approximately 90% of these cases and affects 25% of all pregnancies and varies in direct proportion to type 2 diabetes mellitus in the background population .
the importance of diabetes in pregnancy stems from the fact that it carries a significant risk to both the foe... | diabetes mellitus is the most common medical complication of pregnancy and it carries a significant risk to the foetus and the mother .
congenital malformations and perinatal morbidity remain common compared with the offspring of non diabetic pregnancies .
diabetic mothers are at risk of progression of microvascula... |
although the ideals of physical beauty vary over time and by culture , general consensus supports the integral role of the eyes in defining beauty.1 the practice of taking steps to enhance the appearance of the eyes , specifically the eyelids and eyelashes , dates back thousands of years.2 mulhern et al showed that enh... | prominent eyelashes are generally recognized as enhancing beauty and are often desired by women . until recently ,
the options available to augment the prominence of eyelashes were limited to makeup , over - the - counter products , artificial eyelashes , and eyelash transplantation .
originally approved for the tr... |
thyroiditis , which literally means thyroid inflammation , is a term that includes different conditions with some sort of controversy in nomenclature even among thyroid disorders expert endocrinologists .
thyroiditis disorders can be classified in several ways , based on different etiology whether known or suspected... | few studies have been reported from the kingdom of saudi arabia ( sa ) to describe the clinical presentation and long term outcomes of subacute thyroiditis ( sat ) .
our aim was to review the demographic , anthropometric , clinical presentation , laboratory results , treatment , and disease outcome in riyadh region a... |
congenital hyperinsulinism ( chi ) is the most common cause of nonketotic persistent severe hypoglycaemia in neonates , and is caused by an inappropriate insulin secretion from pancreatic cells .
katp channel subunits ( abcc8 , kcnj11 ) alterations are considered to be channelopathies , while metabolopathies are enz... | congenital hyperinsulinism ( chi ) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by inappropriate insulin secretion and severe hypoglycaemia .
there are two histological subtypes : diffuse and focal form .
diffuse form is most common in autosomal recessive mutations in abcc8/kcnj11 gene , while focal chi is caused a pat... |
sciatica is a relatively common condition with a lifetime incidence varying from 13 to 40% . the corresponding annual incidence of an episode of sciatica ranges from 1 to 5% .
intervertebral disc prolapse , protrusion , or extrusion account for less than 5% ( though some reports put it between 5% and 10% ) of all low... | background and objective : there are various postulated possible causes of surgically symptomatic prolapsed intervertebral discs in the lumbar and sacral regions .
they may be acting singularly or collectively . yet , these factors , which could vary in different environments , have not been satisfactorily confirmed ... |
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s12686 - 015 - 0420-z ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users .
anthropogenic hybridization between livestock populations or between domestic species and their wild relatives has been practiced since the early phases of domestication ... | the technique to produce hybrid tulu or nar camels from crosses between dromedary and bactrian camels is common throughout middle eastern and central asian countries .
formerly , these hybrids were highly valued as strong and persistent pack animals but today are bred to improve milk or wool quality in the respective... |
it
is well - known that amphiphilic diblock copolymers self - assemble
in water to form either spherical micelles , cylindrical micelles ( a.k.a .
worms ) , or vesicles , depending on the relative volume
fractions of each block .
the membrane consists
of interdigitated hydrophobic chains , with brush - li... | small angle x - ray scattering ( saxs ) ,
electrospray ionization charge
detection mass spectrometry ( cd - ms ) , dynamic light scattering ( dls ) ,
and transmission electron microscopy ( tem ) are used to characterize
poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)55-poly(2-hydroxypropyl
methacrylate)x ( g55-hx ) vesicles ... |
retinitis pigmentosa ( rp ) is an inherited retinal disease characterized by the degeneration of photoreceptor rods and cones [ 1 , 2 ] . in the majority of rp cases
, there is a primary degeneration of rod photoreceptors with a secondary degeneration of cones .
this explains why patients show only a night blindnes... | purpose . we evaluated a sample of individuals with retinitis pigmentosa ( rp ) with the aim of assessing the presence or absence of ocular motility ( om ) disorders .
materials and methods .
we included 23 out of the 25 individuals from the sample ( 9 females and 14 males ) with an average visual acuity of 6/10 . ... |
gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) can be defined as an impaired carbohydrate metabolism observed for the first time in pregnant woman irrespective of insulin or diet modification required .
globally , the prevalence of gdm has been increasing rapidly at a rate proportionate to type-2 diabetes . according to diab... | aim : to assess the safety and efficacy of insulin lispro in improving glycemic control in patients with gestational diabetes.materials and methods : a retrospective observational study was conducted at a single center on 201 gestational women with diabetes .
subjects who received insulin lispro performed blood gluco... |
some problems can be associated with cervical laminoplasty such as axial neck pain and deterioration of sagittal alignment of the cervical spine1 ; we have previously reported that c36 laminoplasty preserving muscles attached to the c2 and c7 spinous processes can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative axi... | study design prospective cohort study .
objective to clarify long - term surgical outcomes of c36 laminoplasty preserving muscles attached to the c2 and c7 spinous processes in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy ( csm ) .
methods twenty patients who underwent c36 open - door laminoplasty for csm and w... |
monitoring tens of thousands of genes in parallel under different experimental environments or across different tissue types provides a systematic genome - wide approach to help in understanding a wide range of problems , such as gene functions in various cellular processes , gene regulations in different cellular sign... | microarray has become a popular biotechnology in biological and medical research . however , systematic and stochastic variabilities in microarray data are expected and unavoidable , resulting in the problem that the raw measurements have inherent noise within microarray experiments .
currently , logarithmic ratios... |
in the previous issue of critical care , meaudre and colleagues measured bedside rapid assay b - type natriuretic peptide ( bnp ) levels daily , and performed bedside echocardiography in patients admitted to hospital for subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) .
they found that bnp levels rose in 25/31 ( 81% ) patients , pea... | although b - type natriuretic peptide ( bnp ) has been used for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in many clinical settings , its diagnostic role in critically ill patients remains uncertain .
the body of literature suggests that bnp and n - terminal pro - bnp levels are not useful for the diagnosis of systol... |
the treatment of complex pathologies of the thoracic aorta has been and remains a challenge for cardiovascular surgeons . until the early 2000s
, the combined pathologies of the arch and of the descending thoracic aorta were mainly treated by a 2-stage approach , the elephant trunk ( et ) technique described in 1983 ... | complex lesions of the thoracic aorta are traditionally treated in 2 surgical steps with the elephant trunk technique .
a relatively new approach is the frozen elephant trunk ( fet ) technique , which potentially allows combined lesions of the thoracic aorta to be treated in a 1-stage procedure combining endovascular... |
thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy with increasing incidence in many parts of the world . the follicular cell - derived thyroid cancer is histologically classified into differentiated thyroid cancer ( dtc ) , poorly differentiated thyroid cancer ( pdtc ) and anaplastic thyroid cancer ( atc ) .
dtc... | thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy with increasing incidence .
mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) is an important downstream mediator of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( pi3k / akt ) signaling and regulates cell growth , apoptosis and metabolism .
the mtor gene is frequently mutated in human ... |
dried extract of centella asiatica ( herbalia centella ) containing 10% active constituents ( madecassic acid , asiatic acid , asiaticoside ) were purchased from cognis iberia s.l .
the extraction was performed with a 10:1 solvent - raw material ratio ( by volume per mass ) in 150-ml flasks at a temperature of 25 for... | centella asiatica extract is a rich source of natural bioactive substances , triterpenoid saponins , flavonoids , phenolic acids , triterpenic steroids , amino acids and sugars .
thus , many scavenging free radicals , exhibit antiinflammatory activity and affect on the stratum corneum hydration and epidermal barrier ... |
patients with stroke experience overall degradation in visual perception and activities of
daily living ( adls ) .
in particular , damage to visual perception makes it difficult for
patients with stroke to perform adls due to unilateral neglect and damage to spatial
perception abilities . for example , difficul... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of transcranial direct
current stimulation ( tdcs ) on visual perception and performance of activities of daily
living in patients with stroke .
[ subjects and methods ] thirty subjects were assigned
equally to a tdcs plus traditional occupational... |
the placement of dental implant is an effective and predictable treatment modality for replacing a missing tooth . using implant survival as the indicator of successful clinical outcome
the success of implant therapy has been reported with a favorable high survival rates ranging between 95% and 99% . despite the high... | implant failure can be divided into early ( prior to prosthetic treatment ) or late ( after prosthetic rehabilitation ) .
early failure is generally due to interference in the healing process after implant placement .
implants undergoing early failure will show progressive bone loss on radiographs during the healin... |
maintenance of acceptable anesthetic depth to avoid awareness may reduce blood pressure and perfusion pressure to the newly reperfused kidney . in a large series of renal transplantations studied by heino et
al , hypotension ( 49.6% ) was a more common finding than hypertension ( 26.8% ) .
hypotension is commonly e... | abstractpreservation of adequate perfusion pressures to the graft is a main focus of intraoperative management during kidney transplantation .
we undertook this study to investigate the incidence of the higher use of inotropes in kidney transplant recipients and identify the patient outcomes and preoperative and intr... |
despite the progress achieved in the past three decades , human immunodeficiency virus/ human immunodeficiency virus infection ( hiv / aids ) is still considered a serious public health issue ( 1 ) .
this infection , in some subgroups in iran which are at higher risk for hiv transmission , exists in form of an epidem... | background : one much needed tool to assist with the monitoring and evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) prevention programs is to provide a valid instrument to measure protective sexual behavior and related factors.objectives:the current study aimed to design a valid and reliable instrument to predict th... |
over the years there is a significant improvement in the understanding of the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease .
consequently , therapeutic modalities have been modified to suit the changing trends of time , for the successful clinical management of these diseases .
today , there is abundant scientific evide... | introduction : it is a well established fact that periodontitis is caused by a group of highly specific microorganisms , organized as a bio - film on the tooth surface . hence , therapeutic modalities are directed against elimination or adequate suppression of these organisms .
thorough debridement of these sites is ... |
inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) , which includes crohn 's disease ( cd ) and ulcerative colitis ( uc ) , is a relapsing and remitting disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal ( gi ) tract .
the etiology of ibd remains unclear ; however , both cd and uc are associated with enhanced leu... | background . migration of t cells into the colon plays a major role in the pathogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease .
this study investigated the effects of glutamine ( gln ) supplementation on chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules expressed by t cells in mice with dextran sulfate sodium- ( dss- ) induced coli... |
approximately one - third of the amphibian species around the world face extinction , and chytridiomycosis is believed to be one of the factors responsible for this threat.15 this disease is caused by the fungal pathogen batrachochytrium dendrobatidis , which infects keratinized epithelial cells of amphibians.6 the fun... | the chytrid fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a significant cause of the worldwide decline in amphibian populations ; however , various amphibian species are capable of coexisting with b. dendrobatidis . among them are boreal toads ( anaxyrus ( bufo ) boreas boreas ) located in grand teton national park ( gtnp )... |
the korean public is highly concerned about the risk of occupation cancer as a result of exposure to carcinogens in the workplace .
an increase in the incidence of occupational cancer among workers based in industries manufacturing goods such as asbestos textiles , semiconductors , and tires , as well as those wor... | the legal scope and criteria for occupational cancer in korea was out of date .
the aim of this study was to review the current criteria for occupational cancer and amend the existent criteria on the basis of recent scientific evidence .
the scientific evidence and the legal list of occupational cancer were analyze... |
inadequate knowledge of tooth morphology and canal systems may pose significant problems during root canal treatment . to ensure the long - term prognosis of a tooth undergoing root canal treatment , it is imperative to assess the anatomy of the root canals and their numerous variations before initiating root canal tre... | this case report presents endodontic management of a mandibular lateral incisor with three canals using surgical dental operating microscope .
this study describes the root canal variation of mandibular lateral incisor and highlights the importance of surgical operating microscope in detecting an unusual canal morpho... |
in contrast , vasculitis of the coronary arteries has only been rarely documented [ 35 ] . here , we present images of repeated coronary angiography in a young patient with churg strauss syndrome demonstrating complete resolution of severe coronary vasculitis after 1 year of therapy with prednisone and cyclophosphami... | the heart is involved in up to 50% of all patients with churg strauss syndrome , but vasculitis of the coronary arteries has only been rarely documented .
we present a young patient with severe coronary aneurysms and stenotic lesions due to a churg strauss vasculitis .
prompt therapy with prednisone and cyclophos... |
in recent years , sectional imaging has been systematically introduced into gynaecological brachytherapy ( bt ) treatment planning at a growing number of institutions worldwide , with mri and ct currently representing the most often employed modalities in this field .
mri , due to its high soft tissue depiction quali... | purposeto report on preliminary results of a prospective study on mri - assisted cervix cancer brachytherapy pre-planning.material and methodsin six locally advanced cervix cancer patients , five days before the first brachytherapy fraction , tandem & ring applicator was inserted under para - cervical anaesthesia , mri... |
various diseases can cause otalgia because the ear has rich sensory innervationthrough many cranial ( v , vii , ix , and x ) and cervical ( 2 and 3 ) nerves .
primary otalgia is ear pain that originates inside the ear , whereas referred otalgia is ear pain that originates from outside the ear .
thus , a detailed pa... | background and objectivesalthough otalgia is usually associated with ear problems , it may also originate outside the ear .
we therefore assessed the clinical characteristics of patients with otalgia.subjects and methodswe analyzed 294 patients who presented with otalgia .
we assessed differences in otalgia between... |
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a chronic demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system , with both inflammatory and neurodegenerative components .
ms has a predilection to affect the optic nerves with autopsy studies revealing that up to 99% of ms patients have involvement of the optic nerves , regardless of opt... | background .
the lack of segmentation algorithms operative across optical coherence tomography ( oct ) platforms hinders utility of retinal layer measures in ms trials . objective . to determine cross - sectional and longitudinal agreement of retinal layer thicknesses derived from an open - source , fully - automated... |
plasmonic
structures can provide deep - subwavelength electromagnetic fields that
are useful for enhancing light matter interactions . however ,
because these localized modes are also dissipative , structures that
offer the best compromise between field confinement and loss have
been sought .
metallic wedg... | |
angiosarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of endothelial cells , which represents less than 2% of all soft tissue sarcomas . despite primary angiosarcoma of spleen being extremely rare , it is the most common primary nonlymphoid malignant lesion of spleen . till date
we report a case of primary angiosarcoma of spleen... | splenic angiosarcoma is a rare neoplasm that often remains asymptomatic till the onset of massive intra abdominal bleeding that require emergency splenectomy .
we report here a case of 60 year old male who presented with on and off fever and a splenomegaly was found on clinical examination suggesting a lymphoprolifer... |
pyoderma gangrenosum ( pg ) is a rare dermatological condition characterized by the rapid progression of a painful , necrolytic ulcer with an irregular , undermined border and commonly affects the lower extremities , mainly in the pretibial area .
the peak of incidence occurs between the ages of 20 and 50 years with ... | pyoderma gangrenosum ( pg ) is a rare disease and that affecting specifically the sole of the foot , is even rarer . here , we report the case of a 54-year - old female admitted with a painful ulcer on the sole of the right foot which was initially treated with empirical antibiotics and debridement .
the disease was ... |
most women with epithelial ovarian cancer ( eoc ) treated with current , taxane - platinum - based combination chemotherapy regimens will respond to first - line chemotherapy ( 1 ) .
nonetheless , complete clinical or pathological responses have not necessarily translated into long - term disease control or cure .
... | the aim of this trial was to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of combination chemotherapy with etoposide and ifosfamide ( eti ) in the management of heavily pretreated recurrent or persistent epithelial ovarian cancer ( eoc ) .
patients with recurrent or persistent eoc who had measurable disease and at least two... |
we examined an extract of hospital episode statistics data between the financial years 20042005 and 20092010 for all national health service ( nhs ) hospital trusts in england .
the dataset covers all inpatient hospital activity and day case admissions to nhs ( public ) hospitals across england , including private pa... | objectiveit is unclear whether people with and without diabetes equally benefitted from reductions in cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
we aimed to compare recent trends in hospital admission rates for angina , acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) , stroke , percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) , and coronary art... |
protein trans - splicing ( pts ) by split
inteins has found widespread
use in chemical biology and biotechnology .
herein , we describe the
use of a consensus design approach to engineer a split intein with
enhanced stability and activity that make it more robust than any
known pts system . using batch muta... | |
the use of central venous saturation ( scvo2 ) to guide haemodynamic management is an important and evolving aspect of clinical practice .
an observational study published in this issue of critical care has advanced our understanding of this form of monitoring by exploring the association between derangements in sc... | measurements of central venous oxygen saturation ( scvo2 ) have been successfully used to guide haemodynamic therapy in critical care .
the efficacy of this approach in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock has stimulated interest in the use of scvo2 to guide management in patients undergoing major surgery ... |
in vitro fertilisation ( ivf ) has always been a very stressful therapy for the patient .
first of all the fertility problem itself induces a lot of distress for the couple .
moreover , the therapy with hormonal down - regulation , multiple injections for the stimulation , oocyte retrieval , and the possible side e... | objectiveto demonstrate the feasibility of scheduling an ivf cycle , without disadvantages , in the new patient friendly stimulation protocol using the long acting corifollitropin alfa , in combination with gnrh - antagonist protection and gnrh - agonist triggering.study designtwo groups of ten patients were admitted i... |
both vitamin d deficiency and rickets seem to be unusually frequent among native peoples at northern latitudes ( 710 ) . in canada ,
a quarter of all cases involve amerindian or inuit children , with the highest incidences being in the yukon territory , the northwest territories and nunavut ( 7 ) .
this susceptibil... | vitamin d deficiency seems to be common among northern native peoples , notably inuit and amerindians .
it has usually been attributed to : ( 1 ) higher latitudes that prevent vitamin d synthesis most of the year ; ( 2 ) darker skin that blocks solar uvb ; and ( 3 ) fewer dietary sources of vitamin d. although vitami... |
silver is a rarely occurring element in the earth 's crust ( 0.050.1 ppm ) but is deposited at much higher concentrations in ores in association with other elements . in the aquatic environment , silver originates from leaching , mining , or anthropogenic sources .
it is traditionally incorporated in , for example ,... | the influence of water chemistry on characterised polyvinyl pyrrolidone- ( pvp- ) coated silver nanoparticles ( 81 nm ) was investigated .
nacl solution series of 100800 mg l1 lead to initial and temporal increase in nanoparticles size , but agglomeration was limited .
ph variation ( 58 ) had only minor influence... |
tobacco smoking is associated with an increased risk of cancer in a number of organs , including bladder and lung .
tobacco smoke contains at least 50 known chemical carcinogens that exert their biological effects through their covalent binding to cellular dna . examining human dna for the presence of altered nucleot... | |
in recent years , some progress have been made in bioinformatics study of functional peptide preparation , such as comparing active peptide sequences in database , hydrolysis enzyme choosing , simulated hydrolysis , activity prediction of hydrolysate , and so forth [ 16 ] .
however , these studies were all based on a... | a quantitative structure - activity relationship ( qsar ) model of angiotensin - converting enzyme- ( ace- ) inhibitory peptides was built with an artificial neural network ( ann ) approach based on structural or activity data of 58 dipeptides ( including peptide activity , hydrophilic amino acids content , three - dim... |
a 69-year - old man underwent primary prevention dual - chamber icd ( fortify assura , st jude , minn , usa ) insertion due to ischemic cardiomyopathy .
the current implant was performed on the right side following optimal antibiotic treatment . both leads ( atrial lead :
tendril sts pacing lead , st jude med , and... | oblivious manipulation of the device by the patient is referred to as twiddler 's syndrome .
it is characterized by the coiling of the pacemaker lead due to the rotation of the pacemaker generator on its long axis .
however , the rotation of the pacemaker generator on its transverse axis with subsequent coiling o... |
consumption and sale of meat products has constantly been increasing in korea . in recent years
, meat product sales increased by 136.9% in 2000 as compared to 1990 ( 45,644 ( m / t ) ) , by 43.26% in 2010 as compared to 2000 ( 154,914 ( m / t ) ) , and by 7.8% in 2013 ( 207,681(m / t ) ) compared to 2012 ( kmia , 20... | this study aimed to examine the microbial contamination levels in livestock products at retail stores .
beef , pork , and chicken samples from raw materials and final products were obtained between january and december 2015 . all homogenized meat samples ( 25 g )
were tested for the aerobic plate count ( apc ) , co... |
malignancy is believed to be more common in patients with end - stage renal failure than in matched controls with normal renal function .
however , the role of cancer screening , if any , in maintenance dialysis patients remains unclear [ 2 , 3 ] .
most cases of cancer in end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) are pick... | muir torre syndrome ( mts ) is a rare inherited cancer syndrome with variable penetrance .
mts follows an autosomal - dominant pattern of inheritance , and is a subtype of lynch syndrome [ formally known as hereditary non - polyposis colorectal cancer ( hnpcc ) ] .
mts is caused by mutations in one of several mism... |
ahei , also called postinfectious cockade purpura , finkelstein 's disease and seidlmayer 's disease is a leukocytoclastic vasculitis characterized by inflammatory acral edema and ecchymotic purpura in a target or cockade pattern usually without visceral involvement .
the cutaneous findings of ahei resemble those of ... | a patient presenting with fever and purpura often presents a diagnostic challenge for the dermatologist .
acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy ( ahei ) is a rare acute cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitic syndrome of infants leading to this presentation .
we present an 18-month - old girl with ahei who presented wit... |
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system ( cns ) that chronically affects both brain and spinal cord .
the pathological hallmark of this pathology is an inflammatory plaque that can be detected by histopathological analysis and , more recently , by using magnetic ... | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( eae ) is an artificially induced demyelination of the central nervous system ( cns ) that resembles multiple sclerosis in its clinical , histopathological , and immunological features . activated th1 and th17 cells are thought to be the main immunological players during eae d... |
the occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma in actinic keratosis is well - known and has been documented time and again .
non - melanoma skin cancer ( nmsc ) is the most common variant of cutaneous malignancy , white population being the most susceptible .
photo - protective effect of eu - melanin seemed to have a ro... | the report highlights the occurrence of basal cell carcinoma in a native indian with oculo - cutaneous albinism , an association not frequently encountered .
the clinical and histopathological features , which assisted to form the diagnosis , are outlined .
a high degree of suspicion and timely recognition of the p... |
in previous literatures , approximately 65% reduction in sensory function including tactile
and proprioceptions has been reported among stroke patients1 . because post - stroke patients usually have sensory impairments and
mobility disorders , restricting their performance of functional tasks , the intervention to ... | [ purpose ] the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated vibratory
stimulation to muscles related to hand functions on dexterity , strength , and sensory
function in patients with chronic stroke . [ subjects and methods ] a total of 10 stroke
patients with hemiplegia participated in this study... |
at the nucleic acid level , epigenetic changes are defined as modifications to dna that may alter gene expression but do not result in changes in the primary dna sequence .
these modifications can be transitory , persist for years , or in some instances , may be transgenerational ( youngson and whitelaw , 2008 ) .
... | peripheral mononuclear cell preparations are commonly used as proxies for other tissues in studies of the role of gene expression and methylation in human disease .
whether changes in peripheral dna methylation are associated with changes in peripheral blood or brain gene expression is not clear . in order to test th... |
one of the prevalent and life - threatening crises in all societies is spinal cord injuries ( scis ) .
statistics report annual average of 20 - 50 people out of 1,000,000 suffering from sci in the world . annually
40 - 50 out of 1,000,000 are affected in iran , which shows that there are over 30,000 sci patients ye... | background : one of the acutely fatal and prevalent crises in all societies is acute spinal cord injury . individuals with a spinal cord injury are prone to numerous challenges , perturbation , and acute mental distresses .
one of their concerns , often expressed generally and in the form of a complaint , is how peop... |
in healthy children , periodontitis in the primary dentition is a distinct clinical entity termed pubertal periodontitis .
aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been the organism found in the gingival pockets of children with this condition .
the amount of bone destruction is usually not correlated with amount ... | periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the gingiva and tissues of the periodontium .
it is characterized by pocket formation and destruction of supporting alveolar bone .
periodontal diseases of aggressive nature are not very common in children . they are usually associated with systemic conditions .
the pre... |
the rapid increase in type 2 diabetes is one of the most serious global health problems today .
the number of patients with diabetes , estimated to be 415 million in 2015 , is expected to rise to 642 million by 20401 , partly as a result of a drastic increase in the number of patients in east asian countries , whic... | abstracttype 2 diabetes in east asians is characterized primarily by cell dysfunction , and with less adiposity and less insulin resistance compared with that in caucasians .
such pathophysiological differences can determine the appropriate therapeutics for the disease .
incretins , glucosedependent insulinotropic ... |
gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) is a common complication during pregnancy that occurs in 17.5% of chinese pregnant women .
gdm leads to various adverse pregnancy outcomes not only during the perinatal phase but also in the long term [ 2 , 3 ] .
for example , women with gdm display an elevated risk for shoulde... | this study aimed at evaluating the predictive effects of early pregnancy lipid profiles and fasting glucose on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) in patients stratified by prepregnancy body mass index ( p - bmi ) and to determine the optimal cut - off values of each indicator for different p - bmi ranges... |
proteins are complex molecules of fundamental
importance in biological
processes . numerical simulation using molecular dynamics ( md )
has
proven to be a powerful tool to predict many important properties
such as the native state of the protein or its free energy . in this paper , we will focus on methods , ... | a limitation of traditional molecular
dynamics ( md ) is that reaction
rates are difficult to compute .
this is due to the rarity of observing
transitions between metastable states since high energy barriers trap
the system in these states .
recently the weighted ensemble ( we ) family
of methods have eme... |
epidemiological studies where patients self - report the amount of sun they have been exposed to over their lifetime have been the main source of the described link between cumulative , lifetime sunlight exposure and the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma . while informative , with patients historically d... | epidemiological studies support a link between cumulative sun exposure and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) development .
however , the presumed effects of extended ultraviolet light b ( uvb ) exposure on tumorigenesis in the sexes have not been formally investigated .
we examined differences in ultimate t... |
the prevalence of asthma in the united kingdom ( uk ) ranks among the highest globally , and consequently the health economic burden of asthma in the uk is considerable .
thus , in the uk , asthma accounts for > 65 000 hospital admissions per year with an annual spend of 800 million on pharmaceutical costs alone [... | up to 10% of asthmatics have difficult asthma ; however , they account for 80% of asthma - related expenditure and run the highest risk of acute severe exacerbations .
an estimated 75% of admissions for asthma are avoidable .
guidelines advise that these patients be managed by an experienced specialist multidisci... |
the study of the stem cells potential has stimulated the onset of new areas , as the regenerative medicine and tissue bioengineering .
cell - based therapies to treat human diseases have become a clinical reality in the light of the advances in research with adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells , the two major d... | stem cells , both embryonic and adult , due to the potential for application in tissue regeneration have been the target of interest to the world scientific community .
in fact , stem cells can be considered revolutionary in the field of medicine , especially in the treatment of a wide range of human diseases .
how... |
while not life - threatening , it often adversely affects their daily activities and quality of life .
as the population is aging , it is estimated that the demand for pop care will double over the next 40 years . however , the pathophysiological mechanisms of pop have not been fully elucidated .
pop is a complex d... | background : pelvic organ prolapse ( pop ) is a major health problem in adult women that involves many factors . no proteomic analysis has been conducted exclusively in pop patients .
this study aimed to identify the differential expression of proteins that may be involved in pop by proteomic analysis.methods:samples... |
twentytwo healthy males ( mean age : 27.4 years , range : 1840 years ) participated in the study .
the measurements were obtained as a part of a placebocontrolled , crossover study investigating the effect of erythropoietin on cerebral metabolism .
measurements from pcm mri have previously been published.8 in the p... | purposeto compare mean global cerebral blood flow ( cbf ) measured by phasecontrast mapping magnetic resonance imaging ( pcm mri ) and by 15oh2o positron emission tomography ( pet ) in healthy subjects .
pcm mri is increasingly being used to measure mean global cbf , but has not been validated in vivo against an acce... |
amyloidosis cutis dyschromica ( acd ) is a very rare form of primary cutaneous amyloidosis ( pca ) with very few cases reported in literature .
pca is a rare chronic progressive disease with deposition of amyloid in the skin without systemic involvement .
it is characterized by hyper and hypopigmented spots , prepu... | amyloidosis cutis dyschromica is a very rare form of primary cutaneous amyloidosis characterized by prepubertal onset of hyper and hypopigmented spots and amyloid deposits in the papillary dermis .
we report a case of a 26 year old female with amyloidosis cutis dyschromica who presented with dyschromic skin since bir... |
reports of spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistulae have been found in medical literature dating back to the 17 century .
fortunately , spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistulae are a rare complication of cholelithiasis nowadays as prompt medical and surgical treatments address the underlying pathology when symptomati... | spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula , one of the rarest complications of acute cholecystitis , has been reported in fewer than 25 cases over the past 50 years . not only is this case rare but interestingly the patient experienced no pain or symptoms consistent with gallbladder pathology leading up to her hospitalis... |
physical activity , such as bicycling , provides health benefits for all ages [ 1 , 2 ] .
bicycling can reduce the risk of all - cause mortality independent of participation in other types of leisure activity [ 1 , 2 ] . despite its potential to improve health , rates of bicycling vary widely by country and between c... | this study examined environmental risk factors for bicycling injuries , by combining data on bicyclist injuries collected by interviews in the emergency department ( ed ) with street - level environmental audits of injury locations , capturing path , roadway , safety , land use , and aesthetic characteristics .
cases... |
dysosteosclerosis ( mim224300 ) is a rare sclerosing bone dysplasia characterized by
metaphyseal osteosclerosis and metaphyseal undermodeling with a tendency toward fractures .
sclerosis at the skull base leads to cranial nerve compression resulting in certain
manifestations , such as blindness and facial paralys... | dysosteosclerosis is a sclerosing bone dysplasia with skeletal changes resembling those
of osteopetrosis .
the disorder is associated with dental anomalies and occasionally mental
retardation .
because of the rarity and phenotypic diversity of dysosteosclerosis , it
remains unsolved whether or not the disorde... |
the development of ascites predicts a mortality of approximately 15% and 44% at one and five years , respectively .
total therapeutic large volume paracentesis ( lvp ) has been shown to be a safe means of treating tense or refractory ascites [ 2 , 3 ] .
postparacentesis circulatory dysfunction ( pcd ) describes the... | background .
n - terminal probrain natriuretic peptide ( nt - probnp ) is a hormone involved in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis .
changes in serum nt - probnp during large volume paracentesis ( lvp ) in patients with ascites have never before been examined .
aims . to determine if significant changes... |
diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders in the world ; it affected roughly 6% of the global population ca . in the year 2000 , and it is estimated that it will affect 300 million people in 2025 .
diabetic retinopathy affects 35% of the patients in the diabetic population and is the main caus... | purpose . to determine the intraocular levels of growth factors and cytokines in patients with various degrees of severity of proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( pdr ) using multiplex xmap technology
. methods . a prospective cohort study of 61 eyes from 56 patients who were divided into 3 groups based on the severi... |
more than two thirds of all adults in the usa are either overweight or obese .
obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing several chronic diseases , including atherosclerosis , type 2 diabetes and many types of cancer [ 24 ] . at the crux of obesity - related diseases
is metabolic dysregulation char... | we tested the hypothesis that obesity reversal by calorie restriction ( cr ) versus treadmill exercise ( ex ) differentially modulates adipose gene expression using 48 female c57bl/6 mice administered a diet - induced obesity ( dio ) regimen for 8 weeks , then randomized to receive for 8 weeks either : ( 1 ) a control ... |
a 44-year - old polynesian male presented with sudden loss of vision in his left eye ( oculus sinister [ os ] ) following blunt trauma by a heavy plastic object hitting his eye 1-day earlier .
his past ophthalmic history included right eye ( oculus dexter [ od ] ) rhegmatogenous retinal detachment 20 years ago second... | central serous chorioretinopathy ( csr ) is well described in the literature , with recognized associations such as systemic steroid therapy and stress ; the association of blunt trauma with csr is highly unusual .
a 44-year - old male developed csr rapidly after blunt trauma to his left eye with a significant reduct... |
the kidney is one of the major organs that maintain acid - base homeostasis via three major processes . in the proximal tubule and
the thick ascending limb , filtered bicarbonate ( hco3 ) is reabsorbed , and acid / protons are excreted in the collecting duct .
the other process includes the synthesis of ammonia and... | pendrin ( slc26a4 ) is a na+-independent cl-/hco3- exchanger which is expressed in the apical membranes of type b and non - a , non - b intercalated cells within the distal convoluted tubule , the connecting tubule , and the cortical collecting duct . in those segments it mediates hco3- secretion and chloride ( cl- ) a... |
the prevalence of rrd ranges from 6.3 to 17.9 per 100,000 , with the highest incidence found in patients between 60 and 69 years of age . in the early 20th century , gonin studied the rrd disease process and reported it was the most common cause of retinal detachment .
the three prerequisites for the development of r... | aim . to investigate the anatomical success rates of pars plana vitrectomy ( ppv ) after primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment ( rrd )
. methods .
this retrospective study was conducted between december 2008 and october 2014 at nagasaki university hospital .
the preoperative data recorded included the lens st... |
incidence of lateral disc herniation is lower than that of medial disc herniation and has been reported to account for 7% to 12% of all lumbosacral disc herniations .
patients with lateral disc herniation can manifest with more severe clinical symptoms , including severe radicular pain , or more frequent motor and se... | abstractlateral disc herniation ( foraminal and extra foraminal ) has clinical characteristics that are different from those of medial disc herniation ( central and subarticular ) , including older age , more frequent radicular pain , and neurologic deficits .
this is supposedly because lateral disc herniation mechan... |
a growing body of literature exists on the use of cortical auditory evoked potentials ( caeps ) in assessing neural activity in nh and hi listeners .
such measures reflect the sum of synchronous , time - locked neural activity detected at the level of the central auditory system , related to the strength ( amplitude ... | background . this study investigated whether cortical auditory evoked potentials ( caeps ) could reliably be recorded and interpreted using clinical testing equipment , to assess the effects of hearing aid technology on the caep .
methods .
fifteen normal hearing ( nh ) and five hearing impaired ( hi ) children wer... |
previous publication reported that low - levels of vitamin d are associated with multiple sclerosis ( ms ) .
ms is a continual inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system ( cns ) , with extremely inconstant medical sequence that classically exhibited a relapsing - remitting ( rr ) configuration ... | multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a multifactorial disease ( caused by both environmental and genetic features ) that could results from a demyelination of the myelin sheath .
subsequently , it leads to many scars or lesions in different places within the central nervous system .
the symptoms that occur depend on the si... |
genotype 1 has caused epidemic outbreaks in asia and africa and genotype 2 is usually discovered in western africa .
both genotype 1 and 2 are found exclusively in humans.1 on the other hand , genotypes 3 and 4 are usually isolated from sporadic hepatitis e in developed countries , and also found in swine , deer , wi... | the recent increase in the number of cases of indigenous hepatitis e virus ( hev ) infection highlights the importance of identifying the transmission routes for the prevention of such infections .
presented herein is the first case of acute hev infection after ingesting wild roe deer meat in south korea . a 43-year ... |
the introduction of clozapine , risperidone , olanzapine , and quetiapine represents an important step forward in the treatment of schizophrenia .
atypical profile of these drugs has been linked to a combined antagonism of central serotonin type 2 ( 5-ht2 ) and dopamine type 2 ( d2 ) receptors .
amisulpride a sub... | amisulpride , the newly introduced antipsychotic in india , is claimed to be effective in both positive and negative symptom schizophrenia and related disorders , though it has little or no action on serotonergic receptors .
limbic selectivity and lower striatal dopaminergic receptor binding capacity causes very low ... |
the brain serotonin ( 5-ht ) system plays an important role in the modulation of different functions and behaviors including appetite , sleep , memory and learning , mood , sexuality.1,2 however , on the basis of a wealth of preclinical and clinical observations,38 one of the most intriguing suggestions regarding the g... | the present study explored the possible relationships between impulsivity , gender , and a peripheral serotonergic marker , the platelet serotonin ( 5-ht ) transporter ( sert ) , in a group of 32 healthy subjects .
the impulsivity was measured by means of the barratt impulsivity scale , version 11 ( bis-11 ) , a wide... |
the mediterranean flour moth , ephestia kuehniella ( keller)(lepidoptera : pyralidae ) , is a serious pest of stored food products , especially whole and milled grains .
its close association with human foods makes it a prime target for control methods other than chemical pesticides .
the insidious flower bug , ori... | new cell lines from embryos of ephestia kuehniella were recently developed .
primary cultures were initiated in september 2002 from 2 to 4 day old eggs in either modified tc-100 or excell 400 medium . from these initial cultures , one ,
originally isolated in the ex - cell medium , produced sufficient cell growth t... |
mouthrinses are a common adjunct to mechanical hygiene measures to facilitate the control of supragingival plaque , therefore dental caries and gingivitis.13 chlorhexidine ( chx ) is a bisbiguanide antiseptic active against gram - positive and gram - negative bacteria , facultative anaerobes and aerobes , moulds , yeas... | objectivesto determine the cytotoxicity of three commercial mouthrinses klorhex , andorex and tanflex on buccal epithelial cells using micronucleus ( mn ) test.materials and methods28 patients with aged 1624 undergone three mouthrinses application were analyzed before and after one week exposure .
physiologic saline ... |
in january 2002 , a 74-year - old man sought medical care , reporting malaise , anorexia , and fever .
past medical history included ischemic bowel disease , vascular disease , partial gastrectomy for peptic ulcers , and left upper lobectomy for squamous cell carcinoma ( december 1999 ) . on february 1 , he was hospi... | mycobacterium bovis is endemic in michigan s white - tailed deer and has been circulating since 1994 . the strain circulating in deer
has remained genotypically consistent and was recently detected in 2 humans .
we summarize the investigation of these cases and confirm that recreational exposure to deer is a risk f... |
the development of colorectal cancer ( crc ) is a multi - step process characterized by the accumulation of genetic alterations ( 1 ) .
the evolution of colorectal cancer from polyps was first proposed by morson ( 2 ) . since the seminal publication of vogelstein and fearon ( 3 ) , we understand that most colorectal ... | aimthe aim of the current investigation was to examine the profile of kras mutations accompanied with msi ( microsattelite instability ) status in polyps and colorectal carcinoma tissues in an iranian population.backgroundkras mutations in colorectal cancer cause resistance to anti - epidermal growth factor receptor ( ... |
cystic fibrosis ( cf ) , one of the most common inherited diseases in the caucasian population , usually presents with persistent pulmonary infections , pancreatic insufficiency , and elevated sweat chloride levels .
it is caused by mutations in the cf transmembrane conductance regulator ( cftr ) protein , which is e... | we present the case of a 58-year - old male with chronic kidney disease who was admitted to the hospital multiple times with extracellular fluid volume depletion and prerenal azotemia .
some episodes were associated with gastrointestinal fluid losses and others with profuse diaphoresis in the absence of gastrointesti... |
suprachoroidal hemorrhage is a devastating complication associated with intraocular surgery . it can occur both intraoperatively and postoperatively .
risk factors for suprachoroidal hemorrhage include axial length greater than 25 mm , high myopia independent of axial length , advanced age , atherosclerosis , elevate... | suprachoroidal hemorrhage is a complication associated with intraocular surgery that can occur both intraoperatively and postoperatively .
several intraoperative or postoperative risk factors have been indentified .
the use of low - molecular weight heparin ( lmwh ) is considered one of the risk factors in surgical... |
multidrug resistance ( mdr ) against anticancer drugs is one of the major obstacles to successful chemotherapy .
it refers to the ability of tumors to develop resistance to a number of structurally and functionally unrelated chemotherapeutic agents . in malignant cells ,
mdr is predominantly mediated by the overexp... | based on the structure of three previously established lead compounds , fifteen selected chalcones were
synthesized and evaluated for their multidrug resistance ( mdr ) reversal activity on mouse lymphoma cells .
the most active chalcones were
stronger revertants than the positive control , verapamil . in the mod... |
intrauterine growth restriction ( iugr ) and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are important complications of pregnancy and are , also in term pregnancies , associated with an increased risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality [ 15 ] . at present
there is evidence on the optimal treatment of pregnanci... | objective .
small for gestational age ( sga ) is associated with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality . at present ,
evidence on whether these pregnancies should be managed expectantly or by induction is lacking .
to get insight in current policy we analysed data of the national dutch perinatal registry ( p... |
1015% of the half million maternal deaths that occur every year are associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy . however ,
indeed , hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain among the most significant and intriguing unsolved medical problems complicating pregnancy .
during the past centuries , a number of... | hypertension is the most common medical disorder complicating pregnancy .
however , how pregnancy incites or aggravates hypertension remains unsolved despite decades of intensive research .
various endocrine and metabolic mechanisms have been postulated to contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension in pregnancy... |
catheter ablation is effective in terminating ventricular tachycardia ( vt ) storm in cardiac sarcoidosis.1 identification of scar tissue and low voltage area is important for detecting critical vt circuit.2 echocardiography , ventricular angiography , and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) provide ample inform... | cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) is a useful tool for detecting the arrhythmogenic substrate in cardiac sarcoidosis .
we herein present a case of bipolar radiofrequency catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia ( vt ) complicated with cardiac sarcoidosis , guided by pre - procedural cardiac mri .
neit... |
introduced over 45 years ago , vincristine ( vcr ) remains a potent and widely used anticancer agent , particularly for childhood and adult hematologic malignancies and solid tumors including sarcomas .
however , sub - optimal pharmacokinetic properties and dose - related neurotoxicity prevent realization of the ful... | vincristine ( vcr ) is a mainstay of treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors due to its well - defined mechanism of action , demonstrated anticancer activity and its ability to be combined with other agents .
vcr is an m - phase cell cycle - specific anticancer drug with activity that is concentration ... |
rhythmic activity in the eeg occurs over temporal scales from < 1 hz ( steriade , 1999 ) , through well known eeg bands ( 280 hz ) up to very fast oscillations ( canolty et al . ,
long - term eeg spectra demonstrate a 1/f relationship between power and frequency a pattern common in other cortical activity patterns... | the neocortex generates rhythmic electrical activity over a frequency range covering many decades .
specific cognitive and motor states are associated with oscillations in discrete frequency bands within this range , but it is not known whether interactions and transitions between distinct frequencies are of function... |
the number of requests for emergency medical services ( emss ) and transportation to medical facilities has increased drastically during the past decade due to technological advances , increase in population age , and people 's greater awareness of and sensitivity toward their own health .
for instance , the results ... | introduction : the number of requests for emergency medical services ( emss ) has increased during the past decade . however , most of the transports are not essential .
therefore , it seems crucial to develop an instrument to help ems staff accurately identify patients who need pre - hospital care and transportation... |
the proportion of older adults has been growing throughout the world . in brazil , where the
classification of older adult begins at the age of sixty years , 12.6% of the population is
currently in this phase of life that elderly and this figure is expected to rise to 26.7% by
the year 20601 .
this increase in ... | [ purpose ] the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of pilates on lower
leg strength , postural balance and the health - related quality of life ( hrqol ) of older
adults .
[ subjects and methods ] thirty - two older adults were randomly allocated either to
the experimental group ( eg , n = 16... |
thromboembolic ( te ) complication is the most common complication of endovascular embolization of cerebral aneurysms.13)23)24)27 ) although the incidence of diffusion positive lesions ( dpls ) has a reported range of 10 - 61% following coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms,2)4)12)13)14)17)19)20)23)24)25)27 ) most hi... | objectivethe purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence rate of diffusion positive lesions ( dpls ) , and to assess the peri - procedural risk factors for the occurrence of dpls in patients who underwent coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms.materials and methodsa total of 304 saccular aneurysms were emboli... |
hepatitis b can cause chronic liver disease and chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer , which usually brings heavy economic burden to both family and society .
therefore , the control of hepatitis b epidemic is the focus of china s ministry of health .
... | i was born in luoyang in 1963 , a city in china with thousands of years history .
the city is the eastern starting point of the silk road ( bc 206260 ad ) , a famous and long trade route in human history . living in this ancient city
, i grew up under the influence and impact of chinese traditional culture .
when... |
proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal igg deposits ( pgnmid ) is a rare and recently identified disease described by nasr et al . in 2004 .
diagnosis of pgnmid should be considered in the presence of monoclonal igg deposition with a glomerular pattern that can not be assigned to any of the established re... | proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal igg deposits ( pgnmid ) is a rare and recently identified disease with a poor prognosis irrespective of the treatment .
recently , the possibility of recurrent or de novo pgnmid after kidney transplantation has been reported , which is associated with a better prognosi... |
thus , women with substance use disorders who are also pregnant are an important population to reach for both preventive interventions and treatment .
drug abuse treatment itself has been shown to serve as a protective factor for hiv drug use risks and has been shown to prevent hiv in nonpregnant patients .
these r... | this secondary analysis study investigated hiv sexual and drug - use risk in drug - dependent pregnant patients over the first month postrandomization to reinforcement - based treatment ( rbt ) ( n = 47 ) or usual care ( uc ) ( n = 42 ) .
analysis of primary outcomes had indicated that rbt participants spent signific... |
their action mechanism remains unknown , although their effects on biological membranes have already been demonstrated . a serum level lying in the range of 0.8 and 1.2
the cardiovascular effects resulting from the use of lithium have been well documented for a broad range of plasma concentrations .
lithium salts m... | despite its narrow therapeutic index , lithium remains widely used as a mood stabilizer for the treatment of bipolar disease .
the cardiac side - effects of lithium have been well documented , and may induce non - specific t - wave flattening , prolonged qt interval , sinus node dysfunction and also ventricular tachy... |
we enrolled 57 patients who had been treated between september 1 , 2003 and august 31 , 2012 and met our inclusion and exclusion criteria ( table 1 ) .
all patients with an unstable burst fracture ( thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score [ tlics ] > 5 ) which was not secondary to osteoporosis or patho... | backgroundthis study attempts to prove a cause and effect relationship between spine immobilization following posterior fixation for unstable burst fractures and degeneration observed following hardware removal.methodswe enrolled 57 patients ( 259 intervertebral discs [ ivds ] ) who underwent only posterior instrumenta... |
synovial lipomatosis is an uncommon intra - articular , fat - containing , proliferative lesion .
it generally affects the articular synovium of the knee joint with less predilection for other joints .
this lesion may also involve other structures like the tendon sheath and bursa , which have a synovial lining . as... | background : synovial lipomatosis is a rare disorder of the synovium , commonly affecting the knee joint , resulting in joint pain , swelling , and effusion . the etiology of this condition still remains unclear.aim:this was a study done to evaluate the disease process in synovial lipomatosis , with respect to the clin... |
low dose rate i-125 seed brachytherapy is an established treatment for localized low risk prostate cancer .
both the american brachytherapy society ( abs ) recommendations on permanent seed implant [ 1 , 2 ] and the groupe de curiethrapie - european society for radiotherapy and oncology ( gec - estro ) guidelines c... | purposeto evaluate in a multicenter setting the ability of centers to perform pre - implant permanent prostate brachytherapy planning , fulfilling dosimetric goals and constraints based on the groupe de curiethrapie - european society for radiotherapy and oncology guidelines in the setting of implantation after prior p... |
its import is common sense : heat will flow from hot to cold , never the reverse .
the second law can also be stated alternatively : entropy can not but increase . the irrevocable increase in entropy , however , is not as tangible a notion as the irreversible motion of energy down from height .
so , what does entro... | abstractthe second law of thermodynamics is on one hand understood to account for irrevocable flow of energy from the top down , on the other hand it is seen to imply irreversible increase of disorder .
this tension between the 2 stances is resolved in favor of the free energy consumption when entropy is derived from... |
gan - related iii - nitride materials have drawn much attention over the last decade owing to its highly expected potential in short - wavelength optoelectronic devices , optical detectors , and semiconductor lasers . in order to further improve the performance of these devices , besides the optical and electrical prop... | in this study , the deformation mechanisms of nonpolar gan thick films grown on m - sapphire by hydride vapor phase epitaxy ( hvpe ) are investigated using nanoindentation with a berkovich indenter , cathodoluminescence ( cl ) , and raman microscopy .
results show that nonpolar gan is more susceptible to plastic defo... |
in accordance with both the british association of urological surgeons referral guidelines and the european association of urology guidelines , computed tomography ( ct ) of the renal tract ( computed tomography kidneys , ureter and bladder [ ctkub ] ) is now accepted as the gold standard investigation in suspected ren... | introduction : computed tomography kidneys , ureter and bladder ( ctkub ) is the accepted gold standard investigation for suspected renal colic .
dose considerations are particularly pertinent in the context of detecting urolithiasis given the high risk of disease recurrence , which can necessitate multiple radiologi... |
dyslipidemia is a known correlate of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) , with increased triglycerides ( tg ) and decreased high - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdlc ) consistently observed [ 1 , 2 ] .
the relationship between lipids and kidney function in the general population , however , is less clear . as the res... | low levels of high - density cholesterol ( hdlc ) accompany chronic kidney disease , but the association between hdlc and the estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) in the general population is unclear .
we investigated the hdlc - egfr association in nondiabetic han chinese ( hc , n = 1100 ) , west africans ( ... |
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