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highly
regioselective remote hydroxylation of a natural product
scaffold is demonstrated by exploiting the anchoring mechanism of
the biosynthetic p450 monooxygenase pikcd50n - rhfred .
previous
studies have revealed structural and biochemical evidence for the
role of a salt bridge between the desosamine n ... | |
a commercially available ruthenium(ii )
pnp - type pincer catalyst
( ru - macho ) promotes the formation of -chiral tert - butanesulfinylamines from racemic secondary alcohols and ellman s
chiral tert - butanesulfinamide via a hydrogen borrowing
strategy .
the formation of -chiral tert - butanesulfinylamines ... | |
the long - term renal epithelial cell line llc - pk1 expresses at confluence several differentiated characteristics of renal proximal tubule including na / glucose cotransport and several brush border membrane hydrolases .
the differentiation - inducing chemical hexamethylene bisacetamide ( hmba ) triggers a dramatic... | |
sensor - augmented pump systems provide insulin delivery and continuous glucose monitoring therapies that can improve the management of diabetes . the minimed paradigm veo and minimed 530 g systems ( medtronic , northridge , ca ) are capable of suspending insulin delivery in response to sensor glucose ( sg ) values at ... | abstractbackground : automated insulin management features of the minimed 640 g sensor - augmented pump system include suspension in response to predicted low sensor glucose ( sg ) values ( suspend before low ) , suspension in response to existing low sg values ( suspend on low ) , and automatic restarting of basal... |
several groups in canada and the us have recently pondered disastrous scenarios where demand for hospital admission and critical care resources would vastly outstrip supply in an influenza pandemic or other health emergency . rather than leave wrenching prioritization decisions to exhausted , frontline health professio... | demand for critical care resources could vastly outstrip supply in an influenza pandemic or other health emergency , which has led expert groups to propose altered standards for triage and resource allocation .
a pilot study by christian and colleagues applied the ontario , canada draft critical care triage protocol ... |
experimental evidence indicates a critical role of cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cgmp ) in antinociception .
this evidence is in line with the observation that local administration of l - arginine produces antinociception in rats with carrageenin - induced hyperalgesia , the effect being blocked by nitric oxide ( ... | in this study , we aimed to investigate the peripheral antinociception effects of specific phosphodiesterase 5 ( pde-5 ) inhibitor vardenafil on carrageenan - induced nociception in rats , and the role of calcium besides the l - arginine- nitric oxide ( no)- cyclic guanosine monophophate ( cgmp ) pathway in these effec... |
nursing forms the backbone of patient care management in an intensive care setting . the overall care ,
including patient comfort and sedation , is provided by the nursing personnel . because of lack of scientific sedation practices in the intensive care unit ( icu ) , patients usually face over- or undersedation .
... | background : bispectral index monitoring system ( bis ) is one of the several systems used to measure the effects of anaesthetic and sedative drugs on the brain and to track changes in the patient 's level of sedation and hypnosis .
bis monitoring provides information clinically relevant to the adjustment of dosages ... |
central corneal thickness ( cct ) measurement plays a major role in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to corneal pathology and has an important impact on intraocular pressure readings . an ideal method of corneal thickness measurement should be accurate , repeatable , reproducible , and safe , as well as easy and q... | background and objective . evaluation of agreement , repeatability , and reproducibility of central and minimal corneal thickness ( cct and mct ) measurements obtained by soct , the scheimpflug system , and ultrasound pachymetry .
materials and methods .
28 eyes of healthy patients were enrolled .
pachymetry meas... |
the prevention and management of anaphylaxis in the school setting is increasingly recognized as a public health concern as the incidence of food allergies , a major trigger for anaphylaxis , appears to be on the rise in children.1 from 1997 to 2007 , the prevalence of reported food allergy in the us increased by 18% i... | backgroundanaphylaxis is a serious , potentially life - threatening condition .
adequate preparation for anaphylaxis management is imperative for school personnel .
this descriptive pilot study assessed preparedness of us schools to manage anaphylactic reactions.methodsan exploratory , cross - sectional , web - bas... |
small cell carcinomas ( scc ) are the most frequent subtype among them and account for approximately 0.51% of all primary neoplasms of the urinary bladder .
pure scc of the bladder is known to be of high metastatic potential with lymph nodes , viscera , and vertebral bones being the most common sites of secondary dep... | small cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder originating from the neuroendocrine cells are extremely rare .
we present a case of a 76year old patient with small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder .
the patient had hematuria and cystoscopy revealed a tumor located in a urinary bladder diverticulum .
partial re... |
the tropical medicine foundation of amazonas is a tertiary care center for infectious diseases in manaus ( 38s , 601w ) . in 2001 and 2002 , a total of 13,056 cases of malaria were diagnosed in this institution ( 11,251 p. vivax ) , representing 65.1% of the total cases from manaus . during the same period , 358 ( 3.2%... | we describe a case series of 17 patients hospitalized in manaus ( western brazilian amazon ) with pcr - confirmed plasmodium vivax infection who were treated with chloroquine and primaquine .
the major complications were jaundice and severe anemia .
no in vivo chloroquine resistance was detected .
these data help... |
charles darwin suffered illness for most of his adult life with many very differing symptoms .
some of these symptoms were present when he was a university student , both in edinburgh and cambridge . in edinburgh
he was known to have a weak stomach and was unable to watch surgical operations ; at cambridge he suf... | charles darwin s long - term illness has been the subject of much speculation .
his numerous symptoms have led to conclusions that his illness was essentially psychogenic in nature .
these diagnoses have never been fully convincing , however , particularly in regard to the proposed underlying psychological backgrou... |
microvascular decompression ( mvd ) was introduced in the late 1960s and is a widely accepted treatment for neurovascular compression , including hemifacial spasm ( hfs ) , trigeminal neuralgia ( tn ) , and glossopharyngeal neuralgia .
technological advances , combined with microsurgical innovations , make this proce... | objectivewe performed this study to investigate whether the use of closed - suction drainage following microvascular decompression ( mvd ) causes cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) leakage.methodsbetween 2004 and 2011 , a total of 157 patients with neurovascular compression were treated with mvd .
mvd was performed for hemi... |
as narms participants , 17 state and local public health laboratories representing 40% of the us population submitted every tenth non - typhi salmonella isolate , every tenth shigella isolate , and every fifth e. coli o157 isolate received in 2000 to cdc for antimicrobial susceptibility testing .
the mic was determin... | extended - spectrum cephalosporins ( esc ) are an important drug class for treating severe salmonella infections .
we screened the human collection from the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system 2000 for esc resistance mechanisms .
of non - typhi salmonella tested , 3.2% ( 44/1,378 ) contained blacmy ... |
. characterized by a combination of hyper cellular stroma and cleft - like spaces lined by epithelium , phyllodes tumor was classically known as cystosarcoma phyllodes because of the leaf - like projections .
renamed phyllodes tumor in the early 1980s , these tumors vary greatly in size and the histological character... | highlightsphyllodes tumor of breast could be either benign or malignant variety and they can grow into very large sizes and distort the breast.who classifies tumors into benign , borderline and malignant and it is the best methods to predict the local recurrence , distant metastasis or bath after resection.borderline a... |
a notice in diabetes forecast inviting participants to evaluate bgathome.com resulted in 210 individuals completing an online screening in 10 days .
participants were the first 40 individuals who , by telephone interviews , met the following inclusion criteria : type 1 diabetes , routinely measuring blood glucose lev... | objective blood glucose awareness training ( bgat ) , a psycho - educational intervention , trains individuals with type 1 diabetes to 1 ) detect / interpret internal cues to better detect extreme blood glucose levels , e.g. , neurogenic and neuroglycopenic symptoms ; and 2 ) interpret external cues to detect current ... |
clinically , the side effects of lasers on the skin include blistering , fine epidermal crusting and erosion , resulting from epidermal injury in the early stage after laser radiation . in the late stage , hyperpigmentation , hypopigmentation , scar or keloid formation
this report describes peculiar clinical and hist... | a 40-year - old woman presented with an itchy erythematosquamous change of a caf - au - lait spot in her face .
the onset of this change occurred just after her relocation .
the caf - au - lait spot had been irradiated by laser approximately 20 years ago .
clinically , there was a coin - sized erythema with a sli... |
benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) is one of the most common chronic diseases in aging men .
the most potent androgen in men , 5-dihydrotestosterone ( dht ) , is widely accepted to be more essential than testosterone for prostatic epithelial cell proliferation and function .
it is believed to be largely converted... | clinical studies suggested thatandrogen might be associated with infiltrating t cells in prostate of benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) patients , but detail of t - cell subset and mechanism still remained unclear .
the present study tested the hypothesis that intraprostatic 5-dihydrotestosterone ( dht ) exerts eff... |
pseudomonas oryzihabitans , previously known as flavimonas oryzihabitans has been placed in cdc ( cdc : centers for disease control ) group ve-2 .
p. oryzihabitans has been recovered from various clinical samples , including wound swab , sputum , ear swab , conjunctival scrapings , urine , peritoneal fluid , and bloo... | pseudomonas oryzihabitans and chrysomonas luteola has been placed in cdc group ve2 and ve1 respectively .
these bacteria appear to be emerging pathogens .
p. oryzihabitans was isolated from cases of bacteremia , cns infections , wound infections , peritonitis , sinusitis , catheter associated infections in aids pat... |
with penetrating trauma reaching epidemic proportions in the caribbean , emergency room ( er ) thoracotomies are performed regularly .
it may be life - saving by achieving four goals : ( i ) releasing cardiac tamponade , ( ii ) controlling haemorrhage , ( iii ) allowing access for internal cardiac massage and ( iv ) ... | an emergency thoracotomy may be life - saving by achieving four goals : ( i ) releasing cardiac tamponade , ( ii ) controlling haemorrhage , ( iii ) allowing access for internal cardiac massage and ( iv ) clamping the descending aorta to isolate circulation to the upper torso in damage control surgery .
we theorize t... |
the sample comprised of depressive patients diagnosed on the basis of international classification of disease-10 diagnostic criteria for research criteria and with minimum 2 years duration of illness .
patients were selected by purposive sampling technique from department of psychiatry bokaro general hospital bokaro ... | background : cognitive deficits are an important component of depression and may remain impaired after recovery from depression.objectives:to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in depression on cognitive dysfunction in the area of attention and memory.materials and methods : the study was hospital based ... |
evidence suggests that the glucagon - like peptide-1 receptor ( glp-1r ) agonist exendin-4 ( ex-4 ) , used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus , also displays neuroprotective properties in multiple cellular and in vivo models of neurodegenerative disorders .
evidence of its potential for the treatment of the... | glucagon - like peptide-1 receptor ( glp-1r ) activation by exendin-4 ( ex-4 ) is effective in preclinical models of parkinson 's disease ( pd ) and appears to promote neurogenesis even in severely lesioned rats . in the present study
, we determined the effects of ex-4 on cellular brdu incorporation in the rat subve... |
there are various body fluids , of which saliva is the most valuable oral fluid that can aid in the diagnosis of various diseases such as hiv , hepatitis , renal disease , and detection of apoptotic cells in saliva of patients with oral carcinoma .
saliva has also become useful as a non - invasive systemic sampling m... | objective : the aim of the study was to evaluate the salivary gland dysfunction in a patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes using salivary gland scintigraphy.materials and methods : patients included in the study were 32 uncontrolled type 2 diabetic and 30 normal healthy individuals .
patients having any other sys... |
ulcerative colitis ( uc ) is a major type of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by chronic , relapsing intestinal inflammation with extensive damage of colonic mucosa .
it is presented by a variety of clinical manifestations , including attacks of abdominal cramps , pain , bloody diarrhea , bleed per rectum , w... | amphipterygium adstringens is an endemic species in mexico commonly known as cuachalalate .
healers to treat gastritis , gastric ulcers , and gastrointestinal cancer have traditionally used the bark .
we investigated the effects of alcoholic extract of a. adstringens ( aaee ) in dss - induced colitis in mice .
t... |
metastases of breast carcinoma are commonly found in the bone , liver , lungs and the brain .
gastrointestinal ( gi ) involvement is rare , with only few cases of such metastases reported in the literature .
invasive lobular carcinoma ( ilc ) accounts for 510% of invasive breast carcinomas . of the various histolog... | gastrointestinal ( gi ) metastases from primary breast carcinoma are rare but more common in invasive lobular carcinoma than invasive ductal carcinoma
. the symptoms may be non - specific and the presentation can occur many years after the initial primary breast carcinoma .
radiological and endoscopic findings can ... |
in addressing issues for translational medicine , we categorize the hurdles faced by our colleagues as follows :
therefore , it may behoove us to establish a common understanding of the definition of " translational medicine " to frame our expectations or frustrations . for most , " translational medicine " ( or " tr... | when we launched the journal of translational medicine a few months ago , we were interested primarily in exploring scientific consideration of this discipline . however , as editors of jtm , we have been contacted almost daily to discuss the problems faced by scientists and clinicians around the world who are challeng... |
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia , affecting 1% of the general population and with its prevalence increasing with age .
most important , af has well - documented consequences as disabling symptoms , elevated stroke risk and major risk of congestive cardiac failure , being an independen... | surgery of atrial fibrillation ( af ) was first described in 1991 by james cox in what was named the cox - maze procedure , and over the years it has been considered the gold - standard treatment , with best results in maintaining sinus rhythm in the long term .
nevertheless , the complexity and aggressivity of the f... |
staphylococcus aureus could be considered a major cause of human diseases , particularly in the hospital setting .
it is one of the most feared pathogens because of its ability to cause overwhelming sepsis and death ( 1 ) .
methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) is a bacterial pathogen frequently is... | background : methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) is a bacterial pathogen frequently isolated in both hospital and community environments .
methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus is considered a major nosocomial pathogen that causes severe morbidity and mortality.objectives:the main objective... |
as of january 2011 , peruvian migrants represent the largest latin american community in italy with 101,711 documented residents accounting for 2.9% of migrant population , corresponding to about 30% of latin americans in italy .
the number of peruvian citizens in italy has increased 30 folds since the early nineties... | tuberculosis is a leading cause of morbidity for peruvian migrants in florence , italy , where they account for about 20% of yearly diagnosed cases .
a retrospective study on cases notified in peruvian residents in florence in the period 2001 - 2010 was carried out and available mycobacterium tuberculosis strains wer... |
erdheim - chester disease ( ecd ) is a rare non - langerhans cell histiocytosis that affects multiple organ and systems . since the first description by chester in 1930 ,
the disease is characterized by xanthogranulomatous infiltrates of foamy cd68/cd1a histiocytes usually surrounded by fibrosis .
the etiology and ... | erdheim - chester disease ( ecd ) is a rare non - langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by infiltrates of lipid - laden cd68+/cd1a histiocytes , affecting heart , lungs , central nervous system , and bones .
kidney and adjacent structures can also be affected , leading to renal failure in about 30% of cases .
... |
proteus syndrome is a hamartomatous disorder consisting of disproportionate , asymmetric overgrowth of body parts , malformations of the capillary , venous and lymphatic types , and dysregulated adipose tissue .
disproportionate overgrowth and giant hemangiomas have also been reported to involve the viscera such as s... | a 20-year - old female with proteus syndrome sustained splenic injury after fall from a bike . she was initially managed non - operatively at a different hospital for three days and was then referred to our level i trauma center in view of increasing abdominal pain and distention . on admission in the emergency departm... |
the pathogenesis of iga nephropathy ( igan ) involves multiple hits [ 1 , 2 ] .
it is thought that increased levels of circulating galactose - deficient iga1 in association with the production of unique anti - glycan antibodies leads to the formation of pathogenic iga1 containing circulating immune complexes that ar... | iga nephropathy ( igan ) is characterized by a variable clinical course and multifaceted pathophysiology .
there is substantial evidence to suggest that complement activation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the disease .
therefore , complement inhibition using the humanized anti - c5 monoclonal antibody... |
on a glass slide , freshly cut surface of the specimen is gently pressed , misrepresentation of the cell 's shape can be prevented by restricting a gliding movement . then the slide is stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain before that it is fixed with 95% of ethyl alcohol for 56 s.
however , it is extensively used... | a valuable information on morphological details of the cell can be obtained through imprint cytology . though it has some pitfalls , it is still considered to be one of the best methods as it provides an excellent cytological clarity in fresh surgical specimens .
this article shares knowledge about the procedure , us... |
the clinical protocol was approved by the human research committees at massachusetts general hospital ( mgh ) and boston university .
, subjects were required to be aged 18 years , to have had type 1 diabetes for at least 1 year , and to have a stimulated c - peptide level in response to a mixed - meal tolerance test... | objectiveto compare three continuous glucose monitoring ( cgm ) devices in subjects with type 1 diabetes under closed - loop blood glucose ( bg ) control.research design and methodssix subjects with type 1 diabetes ( age 52 14 years , diabetes duration 32 14 years ) each participated in two 51-h closed - loop bg cont... |
in our daily lives we are surrounded by animals and plants that belong to distinct and quite clearly demarcated species .
even little children know that dogs and cats , or apples and pears , are different , and so we come to expect that different species should look different .
yet there is no biological imperative... | the way species and subspecies names are applied in african trypanosomes of subgenera trypanozoon and nannomonas is reviewed in the light of data from molecular taxonomy . in subgenus trypanozoon the taxonomic importance of pathogenicity , host range and distribution appear to have been inflated relative to actual leve... |
epidermoid and dermoid cysts are benign lesions encountered throughout the body that are derived from abnormally situated ectodermal tissue .
histologically , epidermoid cyst is a cyst lined by stratified squamous epithelium and lumen is filled with lamellated keratin while dermoid cyst contains skin adnexal structur... | epidermoid cyst and dermoid cysts are developmental pathologies thought to derive from aberrant ectodermal tissue .
they are uncommon in the head and neck region .
rarely , they can be found in the oral cavity and buccal mucosa . however , epidermoid cyst is extremely uncommon in the upper lip and is rarely reporte... |
taking drug is one of the rings of the treatment chain , while self - medication is one of the problems in treatment cycle .
self - medication without prescription is the main problem of the drug culture that , in addition , to disturb the treatment process and incidence of side effects ; it imposes huge costs of the... | background : although the frequency of self - medication has been well - documented in the public health literature , but no study has examined the relationship between health literacy and self - medication yet . this study was aimed to investigating the relationship between health literacy and self - medication in a c... |
praxis is ability to formulate skilled movements in a nonparetic limb by planning a schema based on stored complex representations and previously learned movements and apraxia is inability to carry out a learned motor act in the absence of motor , sensory or cerebellar deficit on command . according to geshwind , aprax... | background : apraxia is a state of inability to carry out a learned motor act in the absence of motor , sensory or cerebellar defect on command processed through the praxis circuit .
breakdown in default networking is one of the early dysfunction in cortical dementias and result in perplexity , awkwardness , omission... |
injection drug is one of the main modes of hiv transmission in many parts of the world , particularly in industrialized and middle - income countries , including many countries in asia ( 1 , 2 ) .
the recent global estimation in 2014 indicates that there are 12.7 million injecting drug users ( idus ) , and 13.1% of t... | background : one of the main concerns of policymakers is to measure the impact of harm reduction programs and different interventions on the risk of hiv transmission among injecting drug users ( idus ) . looking simultaneously at multiple factors and conditions that affect the risk of hiv transmission may provide polic... |
bilateral cystic adrenal neuroblastoma with cystic liver and lymph nodal metastases and generalized intratumoral hemorrhage is extremely rare .
a 6-month - old boy presented with abdominal discomfort of 15 days duration and a mass noticed for the past 2 days .
he was born at term by caesarean section for fetal brad... | a 6-month - old boy presented with pallor , large left hypochondrial mass and hepatomegaly .
computerized tomography ( ct ) revealed cystic lesions in bilateral adrenals , liver and retroperitoneal lymph nodes and a lytic left femur lesion .
there was hemorrhagic aspirate with round blue cells . excised left sided ... |
spatial navigation is the ability to determine and maintain a route from one place to another ( gallistel , 1990 ) .
it consists of phylogenetically old cognitive functions allowing animals and humans to remember important locations and their mutual relations as well as their relation to the organism itself .
spati... | spatial navigation is a skill of determining and maintaining a trajectory from one place to another .
mild progressive decline of spatial navigation develops gradually during the course of physiological ageing .
nevertheless , severe spatial navigation deficit can be the first sign of incipient alzheimer 's disease... |
it is often referred to as a group of diseases because of the varied spectrum of clinical manifestations , which range from small cutaneous nodules to gross mucosal tissue destruction .
cutaneous leishmaniasis can be caused by several leishmania spp and is transmitted to humans and animals by sandflies .
zoonotic c... | the nature of effector cells and the potential immunogenicity of leishmania major excreted / secreted proteins ( lmes ) were evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( pbmcs ) from healed zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis individuals ( hzcl ) and healthy controls ( hc ) .
first , we found that pbmcs from hzc... |
ribosomes catalyze protein synthesis but have only a few characterized roles in regulating it ( mauro and edelman , 2002 , xue and barna , 2012 ) . rather , the most - studied molecular regulatory mechanisms of translation are mediated by eukaryotic initiation factors , rna binding proteins , and micrornas ( hendrickso... | summaryunderstanding the regulation and structure of ribosomes is essential to understanding protein synthesis and its dysregulation in disease .
while ribosomes are believed to have a fixed stoichiometry among their core ribosomal proteins ( rps ) , some experiments suggest a more variable composition .
testing su... |
breast cancer evolves from normal epithelium of the terminal duct or lobular unit through a series of increasingly abnormal proliferative lesions beginning with atypical hyperplasia , to premalignant in situ disease , to malignant and increasingly invasive neoplasia [ 13 ] . in situ carcinoma
is characteristically co... | background . to our knowledge ,
the hormone receptor
status of noncontiguous ductal carcinoma in situ ( dcis ) occurring
concurrently in er / pgr - negative invasive cancer has not been studied .
the current study was undertaken to investigate the er /... |
between 25% and 40% of childhood epilepsies are caused by malformations of cortical development ( mcds).1 mcds result from abnormal neuronal and glial proliferation or differentiation ( tuberous sclerosis , focal cortical dysplasia [ fcd ] , hemimegalencephaly ) , anomalous neuronal migration ( subcortical band heterot... | we present an exceptional case of a patient with hemimegalencephaly and secondary intractable epilepsy treated with vagus nerve stimulation ( vns ) and subsequent glioblastoma development in the hemimegalencephalic hemisphere 6 years after surgery .
vns ( at age 18 years ) led to a 60% reduction of intractable seizur... |
microarray expression analysis has become one of the most widely used techniques for the assessment of gene expression on a genomic scale , allowing tens of thousands of genes to be assayed in a single experiment .
although the results that have emerged from microarray profiling have been impressive , as the techni... | microarray expression analysis is providing unprecedented data on gene expression in humans and mammalian model systems .
although such studies provide a tremendous resource for understanding human disease states , one of the significant challenges is cross - referencing the data derived from different species , acro... |
when managing chronic diseases , understanding the patients perspective in terms of expectations , concerns , and beliefs about their disease could result in better patient
physician communications and consequently improve management of the disease.1 personality traits and health care beliefs are likely to affect pat... | background and aimswe used data from the continuing to confront copd international patient survey to test the hypothesis that patients with copd who report less engagement with their disease management are also more likely to report greater impact of the disease.methodsthis was a population - based , cross - sectional ... |
although the prevalence of tobacco use is decreasing , one of five adults in the u.s . still smokes , and cigarette smoking continues to be the leading cause of preventable illness and death .
the highest rates of tobacco use occur among people with the lowest levels of income and education .
low socioeconomic stat... | tobacco use continues to be the leading cause of preventable illness and death in the united states .
remarkably , more than nine million preschool - aged children are exposed to secondhand smoke , resulting in increased rates of morbidity and mortality .
even more disturbing is that tobacco use is highest among pe... |
tumors on the surface of the skin are generally visible and considered to be easily recognizable both for health - care professionals and for the patients themselves . however , people with neglected advanced skin neoplasms are still encountered in dermatological practice in the 21st century .
there can be numerous c... | although tumors on the surface of the skin are considered to be easily recognizable , neglected advanced skin neoplasms are encountered even in the 21st century .
there can be numerous causes of the delay in the diagnosis : fear of the diagnosis and the treatment , becoming accustomed to a slowly growing tumor , old ... |
cell contacts with the extracellular matrix ( ecm ) provide both cohesive and functional properties in a variety of tissues , such as epithelia , nerves , muscle , and stroma , through specific interactions with cell membrane receptors [ 1 , 2 ] .
all ecms are made up of collagen fibrils and/or networks , proteoglyca... | interactions between the extracellular matrix ( ecm ) and integrin receptors trigger structural and functional bonds between the cell microenvironment and the cytoskeleton .
such connections are essential for adhesion structure integrity and are key players in regulating transduction of specific intracellular signals... |
a first depressive episode at older age is defined as late onset depressive symptoms ( lodss ) .
lodss are usually defined by their occurrence after the age of 60 years , while early onset depressive symptoms ( eodss ) appear before .
the prevalence of lods and eods ranges from 10% to 32% [ 14 ] in the elderly popu... | introduction .
late onset depressive symptoms ( lodss ) frequently occur in elderly with cerebral small vessel disease ( svd ) .
svd can not fully explain lods ; a contributing factor could be amygdala volume .
we investigated the relation between amygdala volume and lods , independent of svd in 503 participants ... |
as bariatric surgery becomes one of the most common general surgical procedures , a concomitant increase in revisional bariatric surgery is also being seen .
patients who have had a vertical banded gastroplasty ( vbg ) , non - adjustable gastric banding ( sometimes known as the molina band ) , and laparoscopic adjust... | background and objectives : we hypothesized that patients who have previously had bariatric surgery and are undergoing revision to laparoscopic roux - en - y gastric bypass would have abnormal findings detected by upper endoscopy that could potentially influence patient management .
the procedures that are being revi... |
preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma ( prame ) was initially identified as a tumor - associated antigen recognized by cytotoxic t lymphocytes against a melanoma surface antigen .
this antigen belongs to the cancer - testis antigens , all of which are absent in normal tissues , but are detected in cancers , in... | backgroundpreferentially expressed antigen of melanoma ( prame ) is known as a tumor - associated antigen that is altered in a variety of malignancies , including lung cancer . however , the role of prame in lung cancer remains unclear.material/methodswe analyzed the expression of prame in human lung adenocarcinomas an... |
a 70-year - old male was admitted to our hospital primarily due to pain and swelling of the left knee that had been present for more than 1 month .
he had no specific diseases except for diabetes and was transferred to our institution due to signs of inflammation observed in a fine needle aspiration biopsy performed ... | hansenula anomala ( h. anomaly ) is part of the normal flora in the alimentary tract and throat .
it has been reported to be an organism causing opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients .
however , cases of fungal arthritis caused by h. anomala are rare .
we encountered a case of h. anomala arthriti... |
pancreatic oxidative stress occurs during an early stage of pancreatitis.1 - 3 scavenger therapy for reactive oxygen species ( ros ) showed some success in experimental pancreatitis models , including cerulein
pancreatitis.4,5 in human acute pancreatitis , the increased levels of lipid peroxide in the bile or pancrea... | in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis , oxidative stress is involved in the activation of the janus kinase / signal transducer and activator of transcription ( jak / stat ) pathway and cytokine expression .
high serum levels of cholecystokinin ( cck ) have been reported in patients with acute pancreatitis , and treatme... |
baboon syndrome or symmetrical drug .- related intertriginous and flexural exanthema . may be induced by systemic administration of substances including contact allergens such as mercury and nickel , and multiple drugs .
baboon syndrome ( or systemically induced allergic contact dermatitis ) is characterized by the o... | hydroxyzine - induced drug eruptions are very rare . we report here a typical case of drug - related baboon syndrome or symmetrical drug - related intertriginous and flexural exanthema ( sdrife ) which was induced by hydroxyzine in a 60-year - old man .
the diagnosis was confirmed by positive patch and oral accidenta... |
the association between ebv and human malignancies , including endemic burkitt s lymphoma , hodgkin lymphoma and non - hodgkin s lymphoma ( nhl ) of either b- or t - immunophenotypes , has been reported .
subsequent study revealed the constant association of nktcl with ebv in the world ( fig .
sino - nasal lymphoma... | nasal nk / t - cell lymphoma ( nktcl ) is an uncommon disease , but usually shows a highly aggressive clinical course .
the disease is much more frequent in asian and latin american countries than in western countries , and is universally associated with epstein
barr virus ( ebv ) infection .
analyses of gene mut... |
melioidosis is a disease caused by the pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei and the classical endemic regions are southeast asia and territory of northern australia . outside these regions the disease is uncommon , but
b. pseudomallei is a facultative gram - negative bacillus found in soil and surface water in the ende... | neurological melioidosis is a rare condition , as less than 30 cases have been reported in the last 50 years .
we present a case of neurological melioidosis , presenting with a cerebral abscess in a returning traveler from an endemic area .
while traveling in cambodia on holiday , the patient was admitted to local ... |
many actin - binding proteins contain calponin homology ( ch ) domains , but the manner in which these domains interact with f - actin has been controversial .
crystal structures have shown the tandem ch domains of -actinin to be in a compact , closed conformation , but the interpretations of complexes of such tandem... | |
ischemic preconditioning ( ipc ) is a phenomenon during which transient sub lethal episodes of ischemia before a prolonged ischemia / reperfusion injury provide cardioprotection for subsequent longer duration ischemic events.1 hearts exposed to ipc have a better metabolic and ionic status during prolonged ischemia comp... | ischemic preconditioning ( ipc ) is a well - documented phenomenon .
short episodes of sublethal ischemia provide cardioprotective effects for subsequent longer duration ischemic events . although the exact mechanism of ipc is not yet known , the chemical basis of ipc seems to involve preservation of atp or collatera... |
medical treatment is the main strategy to control secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) .
for this reason , invasive procedures such as intranodular ethanol injection ( percutaneous ethanol injection therapy , peit ) or parathyroidectomy have been proposed [ 2 , 3 ] .
the... | we evaluated the efficacy of percutaneous ethanol injection therapy ( peit ) as a therapeutic option for recurrence of secondary hyperparathyroidism after subtotal parathyroidectomy in esrd patients .
six patients underwent peit .
a mean of 1.3 0.8 ethanol injections was performed .
nodular volume was 1.5 1.7 ... |
sickle cell anemia inherits as an autosomal recessive disorder that was first described by herrick in 1910 and its alleles are frequent in regions where malaria is endemic .
a homozygote a to t transversion results in the substitution of glutamic acid by valine in the sixth amino acid of the human -globin chain .
i... | background : we aimed to determine the incidence of co - inheritance as well as interaction of sickle cell trait ( sct ) and thal/thal mutations in south and south central of iran.method:we employed a pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques to confirm diagnosis of sickle cell trait .
all subjects ... |
first described by hungarian dermatologist kaposi in 1872 , kaposi 's sarcoma ( ks ) is a rare low - grade , vascular tumor associated with the human herpes virus 8 ( hhv-8 ) .
ks is divided into four epidemiological subtypes : ( a ) classic ( indolent cutaneous proliferative disease affecting older men of mediterran... | purpose .
kaposi 's sarcoma ( ks ) is a rare low - grade vascular tumor associated with the human herpes virus 8 . by analyzing the epidemiology , staging , and treatment of ks
, we hoped to improve the quality of care at our institution . methods .
review of the mount sinai medical center tumor registry database... |
ever since the first human cardiac transplant was performed in1967 by christian bernard , now , the average frequency of this procedure is approximately 1% of the population with heart failure . with improved graft function and survival , these patients are now presenting to hospitals for various non - cardiac procedur... | cardiac transplantation has become the standard therapy for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and end - stage ischaemic heart disease . with the introduction of newer immunosuppressants , together with better patient selection ,
improved perioperative monitoring and care , the overall survival of recipients has impro... |
a 28-year - old female patient presented to the department of oral medicine and radiology of the institute for technology and sciences dental college , muradnagar , ghaziabad , india with a chief complaint of inability to open her mouth for 23 years .
the patient 's history revealed that ulceration on the tongue occu... | noma is a gangrenous disease of the orofacial region that leads to severe facial tissue destruction and is a significant cause of death among children . with the advent of modern antibiotics and
improved nutrition , children with noma may survive into adulthood , but must face the challenge of undergoing repair of th... |
the
conformational analysis of glycosidases affords a route to
their specific inhibition through transition - state mimicry .
inspired
by the rapid reaction rates of cyclophellitol and cyclophellitol aziridine both
covalent retaining -glucosidase inhibitors we postulated
that the corresponding carba cycl... | |
the surface cap - sular polysaccharide of s. pneumoniae initiates a type - specific protective immune response and provides the basis for serotyping of this organism .
currently , more than 90 different pneumococcal serotypes have been identified . among the various serotypes and according to 60 - 80 percent of the w... | abstractbackgroundstreptococcus pneumoniae is an important problem worldwide and nasopharyngeal colonization plays significant role in pneumococcal infections .
the aims of this study were to determine the nasopharyngeal colonization rate , serotyping , antibiotics susceptibility and study the risk factors for nasoph... |
graves disease is a prevalent autoimmune disease that affects approximately 0.5% of the population and is the most common cause ( 50% to 80% ) of hyperthyroidism .
antithyroid drugs have been used as standard therapy for graves disease and interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis .
these drugs , however , have vari... | both graves disease and guillain - barre syndrome ( gbs ) are autoimmune disorders caused by impaired self - tolerance mechanisms and triggered by interactions between genetic and environmental factors .
gbs in patients who suffer from other autoimmune diseases is rarely reported , and the development of postinfectio... |
asthma , a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease , is highly prevalent in the us and associated with major health burden worldwide .
the goal of therapy is to achieve long - term control of asthma symptoms while minimizing treatment side effects .
current guidelines recommend a stepwise approach to pharmacologic... | backgroundemerging safety issues associated with long - acting beta2-agonist ( laba ) have led to multiple regulatory activities by the us food and drug administration ( fda ) since 2003 , including drug safety communications ( dscs ) in 2010 .
these dscs had three specific recommendations for the safe use of laba pr... |
for many patients , chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is a progressive condition marked by deteriorating renal function ultimately leading to end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) .
ckd is reported to affect 15.1% of the population and is associated with a substantial disease burden as evidenced by increased morbidity and ... | uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) by promoting glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis with loss of nephrons and vascular damage .
ast-120 , an orally administered intestinal sorbent , adsorbs indole , a precursor of indoxyl sulfate , thereby r... |
prostacyclin synthase ( pgis ) is an atypical cytochrome p450 enzyme , which generates prostacyclin ( pgi2 ) from prostaglandin h2 ( pgh2 ) , provided by cyclooxygenase-1 ( cox1 ) or cox2 .
prostaglandin - i synthase is expressed constitutively , consistent with its tata - less and gc - rich promoter .
however , in... | prostacyclin ( pgi2 ) plays a critical role in nephrogenesis and renal physiology . however , our understanding of how prostacyclin release in the kidney is regulated remains poorly defined .
we studied expression of prostacyclin synthase ( pgis ) in developing and adult human kidneys , and also in selected pediatric... |
all three cases were transferred to our hospital after elective spine surgery under general anesthesia in a local hospital .
after induction of anesthesia with propofol and vecuronium , orotracheal intubation was performed without any difficulty ( cormack 1 , 1st attempt ) using a single lumen internal diameter ( i d... | tracheal rupture is a rare but serious complication that occurs after endotracheal intubation .
it usually presents as a linear lesion in the membranous wall of the trachea , and is more prevalent in women and patients older than 50 years .
the clinical manifestations of tracheal injury include subcutaneous emphyse... |
over the past several decades , research on health literacy has become increasingly relevant to gerontologists , as studies have shown that older adults ' health literacy is an important factor in their health status and service utilization [ 14 ] .
health literacy has been defined as the degree to which individual... | health literacy has received increasing attention because of its importance for older individuals ' health , as studies have shown a close relation between older individuals ' health literacy and their health .
research also suggests that older individuals have low levels of health literacy , but this finding is vari... |
dentures as an indwelling medical device in an individual s mouth , prepare an optimal environment for adhesion and colonization of both pathogenic and non - pathogenic organisms , and can cause inflammatory lesion of the oral mucosa ( 1 ) .
denture stomatitis known as a chronic inflammatory condition of the palatal ... | background : adherence and colonization of candida species particularly c. albicans on denture surfaces , forms a microbial biofilm , which may result denture stomatitis in complete denture users.objectives:the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal effect zataria multiflora essence in removing of ... |
the importance of the morphological properties of materials can be evidenced by the large number of publications on their synthesis .
the development of new synthesis methods may lead to materials , such as catalysts , with superior performance .
it is interesting to produce materials with nanometric - scale struct... | nanoparticles of tin oxide , doped with ce and y , were prepared using the polymeric precursor method .
the structural variations of the tin oxide nanoparticles were characterized by means of nitrogen physisorption , carbon dioxide chemisorption , x - ray diffraction , and x - ray photoelectron spectroscopy .
the s... |
the phosphorylation of specific protein residues is a crucial event in the regulation of several cellular processes , operating on activation , deactivation or recognition of the target protein .
a great deal of eukaryotic proteins ( 30% in the human genome ) undergo this reversible post - translational modification ... | phosphorylation is the most common protein post - translational modification .
phosphorylated residues ( serine , threonine and tyrosine ) play critical roles in the regulation of many cellular processes . since the amount of data produced by screening assays is growing continuously , the development of computational... |
the first four knees in three patients received a press fit condylar ps implant ( depuy inc . ,
warsaw , in , usa ) ; the remainder of the cohort was implanted with a nexgen legacy ps prosthesis ( zimmer inc . ,
knee rom data included passive flexion contracture , further flexion , and total knee arc rom ( knee fle... | backgroundhemophiliacs have extrinsic tightness from quadriceps and flexion contractures .
we sought to examine the effect of a focused physical therapy regimen geared to hemophilic total knee arthroplasty.methodstwenty-four knees undergoing intensive hemophiliac - specific physical therapy after total knee arthropla... |
salinity continues to be a major factor in reduced crop productivity and profit in many arid and semi - arid regions , despite the advanced management techniques developed in recent decades .
for example , yeo ( 1999 ) estimates that > 20% of the irrigated land worldwide has been seriously affected by salinity .
at... | the effects of grafting on na and cl uptake and distribution in plant tissues were quantified in a greenhouse experiment using six combinations of melon ( cucumis melo l. cv .
arava ) and pumpkin ( cucurbita maxima duchesnecucurbita moschata duchesne cv .
tz-148 ) : non - grafted , self - grafted , melons grafted o... |
cosmetics refer to all of the products used to care for and clean the human skin and make it more beautiful .
the intentions of using cosmetic products is to maintain the body in a good condition , protect it from the effects of the environment and aging processes , change the appearance , and make the body smell nic... | background . rabbit skin model was used to test skin irritation of the most commonly used cosmetic products in jimma town , southwestern ethiopia .
the most commonly used cosmetics were dove , glysolid , college , top society , fair and lovely , nivea , lux , magic fruit world , solea , body talk , kris , holly , vic... |
in malaysia , up to 60% of schooling adolescents suffer from different degrees of anemia based on hemoglobin concentration ( 1 ) . in respect to the escalating trend of anemia among adolescents in this country , and scanty data on this nutritional problem among this age group ,
thus , this interventional study was ca... | backgroundthis study was carried out to compare the effect between nutrition education intervention and non - nutrition education intervention on awareness regarding iron deficiency among schooling adolescents in tanah merah , one of rural district in kelantan , malaysia.methods:this study which was started in year 201... |
posttranslational modification of proteins by phosphorylation plays a complex and critical role in the regulation of numerous biological processes . in recent years
, large efforts have been devoted to global - scale analysis of protein phosphorylation sites using various phosphoproteomics methodologies [ 1 , 2 ] .
... | global - scale examination of protein phosphorylation in human biological fluids by phosphoproteomics approaches is an emerging area of research with potential for significant contributions towards discovery of novel biomarkers . in this pilot work
, we analyzed the phosphoproteome in human bronchoalveolar lavage flu... |
knee oa is one of the most common joint disorders and causes considerable pain and immobility .
the initial treatment is nonoperative and consists of patient education , weight reduction , physical therapy , and , if needed , medication . drugs rarely relieve the symptoms entirely and mainly act as a palliative ag... | background there is controversial evidence regarding whether foot orthoses or knee braces improve pain and function or correct malalignment in selected patients with osteoarthritis ( oa ) of the medial knee compartment .
however , insoles are safe and less costly than knee bracing if they relieve pain or improve func... |
adverse events ( aes ) caused by medication errors ( mes ) continue to be one of the great challenges in acute care settings .
recent data suggest that each year more than 1.5 million patients are harmed by me in the united states .
according to the report preventing medication errors , me affect approximately 5%... | the purpose of this study was ( 1 ) to determine frequency and type of medication errors ( mes ) , ( 2 ) to assess the number of mes prevented by registered nurses , ( 3 ) to assess the consequences of me for patients , and ( 4 ) to compare the number of mes reported by a newly developed medication error self - reporti... |
vitamin d is important for human health , and lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d [ 25(oh)d ] has been associated with increased mortality .
moreover , a high prevalence of vitamin d deficiency has been identified worldwide in recent years .
. as vitamin d is liposoluble , its oral absorption could increase if ingested... | background / aims .
vitamin d3 is liposoluble , so dietary fat could increase its oral absorption .
our aim was to compare serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d [ 25(oh)d ] after the oral intake of cholecalciferol with a high- or low - fat meal .
methods . in a single - blind , parallel clinical trial ,
32 healthy physic... |
post - activation potentiation ( pap ) is a neuromuscular phenomenon in which the force and power output of a muscle is immediately enhanced after heavy resistance exercise ( 9 ) .
the underlying principle of the ability of pap to increase force and power output of muscle is theorized to be a result of phosphorylatio... | post - activation potentiation ( pap ) is a phenomenon in which the power output of a muscle is immediately enhanced after heavy resistance exercise . whereas the majority of pap research has examined males , minimal research exists as to how female athletes respond
.
therefore , the purpose of this study was to in... |
5-amp - activated protein kinase ( ampk ) , a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis , is activated in response to various metabolic stresses including starvation , hypoxia , and ischemia .
ampk is a heterotrimeric enzyme , which is activated by phosphorylation of thr172 on its subunit .
several upstream kin... | the 5-amp - activated protein kinase ( ampk ) is a key regulator of cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis in mammalian tissues .
metabolic adaptation is a critical step in ensuring cell survival during metabolic stress . because of its critical role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and carbohydrate , lip... |
hiv / aids has been recognized as one of the most important public health problems in the recent past , especially in asian countries such as malaysia , china , thailand , and iran . according to the world health organization 's ( who 's ) report of hiv
, iran is categorized as one among the countries with gradually ... | background : this study was designed to assess the validity and reliability of the designed sexual , behavioral abstinence , and avoidance of high - risk situation questionnaire ( sbahaq ) , with an aim to construct an appropriate development tool in the iranian population.materials and methods : a descriptive analyti... |
diabetes is a major cause of health concern in the world and is growing in epidemic proportions .
it is assumed that in the next ten years it will become number one disease of the world1 .
type-1 diabetes mellitus ( t1 dm ) is an autoimmune disease while type 2 is mostly a lifestyle disease .
majority of people s... | pancreas plays an important role in maintaining the glucose homeostasis .
the deterioration of -cells in the pancreas is a crucial factor in the progression of diabetes mellitus ; therefore , the restoration of -cell mass and its function is of vital importance for effective therapeutic strategies .
the precise mec... |
tremor is the most common movement disorder which is defined as a compulsively , rhythmic , shaking movement of a body part .
one of the most general reasons for tremor is idiopathic parkinson 's disease ( pd ) , a progressive neurodegenerative disease .
the core clinical features of idiopathic pd include bradykine... | background : the relationship between monosymptomatic resting tremor ( mrt ) and parkinson 's disease ( pd ) remains controversial . in this study , we aimed to assess the function of presynaptic dopaminergic neurons in patients with mrt by dopamine transporter positron emission tomography ( dat - pet ) and to evaluate... |
in 2002 , the national institute for health and clinical excellence ( nice ) recommended that provided choice was offered to all those clinically suitable , up to 15% of dialysis patients might choose to undertake hhd .
this seemed an attractive option , offering the potential to supplement a declining uk peritoneal ... | improvement in dialysis outcomes requires a paradigm shift in haemodialysis provision and service design .
haemodialysis at home , recommended by the national institute for health and clinical excellence , can lead to outcome benefits but has a range of implementation barriers .
this article describes the various i... |
eukaryotic cell membranes
are rich in cholesterol . because this
sterol is thought to play a major role in
determining the structure and function of these life - sustaining enclosures ,
it has been the subject of numerous investigations .
one of the long - standing issues surrounding cholesterol relates
to ... | one of the long - standing issues surrounding
cholesterol ( chol )
relates to its two - faced character . in particular , the consequences
of its having a rough -face and a smooth -face on its
structural influence in cell membranes has remained elusive . in this
study , direct comparisons have been made betwe... |
malignant tumors metastatic to the oral cavity are uncommon , comprising about 1% of newly diagnosed oral malignancies .
the mandible is affected more frequently than the maxilla , with a predilection for the areas distal to the canines , including the body and ramus .
cancers from almost any primary site can metas... | oral cavity metastases are considered rare and represent approximately 1% of all oral malignancies . due to their rarity and atypical clinical and radiographic appearance ,
metastatic lesions are considered a diagnostic challenge .
this article presents a rare case of breast carcinoma with metastasis to mandible an... |
palmaris longus ( pl ) is a thin , tendinous superficial flexor of forearm , functionally more active in non - human primates . in humans
, pl is a weak flexor of the hand at wrist , tenses the palmar aponeurosis and is one of the most variable muscles in the body .
the variation includes unilateral or bilateral ag... | background : the knowledge of palmaris longus ( pl ) is a growing interest for its wide role in reconstructive plastic surgeries as a donor tendon for transfer or transplant . the prevalence of the pl agenesis has been well - documented by many authors in different ethnic groups or populations .
many conventional tes... |
breast cancer rates are increasing in developing countries , including egypt , and are largely attributed to aging of the population , delay in time of first pregnancy , decrease in number of children and in breastfeeding , and a move toward high - calorie western diets [ 14 ] .
although breast cancer incidence rates... | background .
this study was undertaken to evaluate trends in breast cancer incidence in egypt from 1999 to 2008 and to make projections for breast cancer occurrence for the years 20092015 .
patients and methods .
we utilized joinpoint regression and average annual percent change ( aapc ) measures with 95% confide... |
a 65-year - old male who was a chronic smoker for the last 30 years presented with generalized weakness , breathlessness , occasional hemoptysis , and multiple cutaneous nodules ( 8 in number ) all over the body since two months .
the nodules were present over the chest ( 2 ) , abdomen ( 1 ) , back ( 2 ) , face ( 1 )... | a 65-year - old male with a history of smoking since 30 years presented with breathlessness , hemoptysis , multiple swellings all over the body , and weakness in september 2010 at our hospital .
clinically , a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) with cutaneous lymphoma or soft tissue tumor was... |
a 70-years - old woman visited the department with a complaint of discomfort on the left preauricular area during mastication and mouth opening , which had occurred 3 or 4 months before . on the clinical examination
additionally , a well - formed , impacted tooth was found in the right condylar head of the mandible .... | impaction of third molar is a common developmental abnormality .
however , ectopic impaction of the mandibular third molar in condylar region is an extremely rare condition .
this report describes a case of impacted tooth in the mandibular condyle without any associated pathologic condition .
also , this report p... |
in contrast to crohn s disease , the immunopathogenesis of ulcerative colitis ( uc ) has been a more difficult disease to ascertain . this owing to the fact that it did not fit neatly into a niche of the th1/th2 paradigm . in particular , it was evident that cells from this disease produced neither excessive ifn- ( th1... | recent studies that have evaluated the immunologic factors which mediate the development of the two forms of ibd , namely crohn s disease and ulcerative colitis , have suggested that these diseases are due to disparate immune responses .
while crohn s disease has been characterized as a dysregulation of the th1/th17 ... |
the incidence and prevalence
rates for these tumors are double in men than in women .
cancers of the oral
cavity rank as the eighth most common cancer among men , being responsible for
3% of the cancers diagnosed in this gender .
mortality rates are
substantially lower than incidence rates . according to th... | background .
genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzymes involved in the detoxification pathways of carcinogenic substances may influence cancer risk .
methods .
case - control study that investigates the relationship between cyp1a1 ile / val , exon 4 meh , and gstm1 null genetic polymorphism and the risk ... |
skeletal muscle atrophy results from a variety of conditions such as hindlimb unloading [ 1 , 2 ] , joint immobilization [ 3 , 4 ] , denervation [ 5 , 6 ] , and spinal cord injury [ 79 ] . generally resistance exercise training is performed as an effective therapeutic intervention to prevent muscle atrophy induced by t... | high - load isometric exercise is considered an effective countermeasure against muscle atrophy , but therapeutic electrical stimulation for muscle atrophy is often performed without loading . in the present study , we investigated the combined effectiveness of electrical stimulation and high - load isometric contracti... |
venous ulcers are the most common form of leg ulcers which has a significant impact on quality of life and work productivity .
in addition , the costs associated with the long - term care of these chronic wounds are substantial
. conventional therapies such as dressings , surgical debridement , compression bandage ... | background : venous ulcers are wounds that are thought to occur due to improper functioning of venous valves , usually of the legs .
they are the major cause of chronic wounds , occurring in 70% to 90% of chronic wound cases .
the treatment of venous ulcers also entails substantial costs .
autologous platelet ric... |
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