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	three brucella abortus strains were isolated from joint hygromas from cows in northern togo . two deletions in the 5 side of the gene bruab2_0168 were identified . as this gene is used for species identification , these deletions have consequences for diagnostic procedures . multiple locus variable number of tand...
intestinal parasitic infections still constitute one of the major causes of public health problems in the world , particularly in developing countries . helminths or worm infestations refer to worms that live as parasites in the human body and are a fundamental cause of disease associated with health and nutrition pr...	about 400 million school - age children are infected with roundworm , whipworm and hookworm worldwide . this study aims to assess prevalence of parasitic infections among rural primary school pupils at minia governorate , egypt , and to identify relevant predisposing factors of the school and pupils to intestinal paras...
proteases are important targets in drug design , as they are part of numerous fundamental cellular processes . there are seven distinct classes of proteases , which are classified according to the catalytic residue : serine , threonine , cysteine , aspartate , and glutamate proteases , metalloproteases , and ...	protease substrate profiling has nowadays almost become a routine task for experimentalists , and the knowledge on protease peptide substrates is easily accessible via the merops database . we present a shape - based virtual screening workflow using vrocs that applies the information about the specificity o...
intracellular ca signaling controls a diverse range of highly regulated cellular processes , from gene transcription and muscle contraction to fertilization , cell proliferation and apoptosis . cyclic adenosine 5-diphosphate ribose ( cadpr , 1 , figure 1 ) is an emerging principal second messenger , like th...	stable cyclic adenosine 5-diphosphate ribose ( cadpr ) analogues are chemical biology tools that can probe the ca2 + release mechanism and structure activity relationships of this emerging potent second messenger . however , analogues with an intact northern ribose have been inaccessible due to the diffi...
temporomandibular disorders ( tmd ) is a collective term that includes a large spectrum of clinical problems of the joint and the muscles on the orofacial area ; these dysfunctions are characterized mainly by pain , sounds in the temporomandibular joint ( tmj ) and irregular or limited function of the jaw . it is com...	the internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint ( tmj ) represents 8% of all cases of temporomandibular disorders ( tmd ) posing difficulties to establish an accurate diagnosis and treatment because of its low prevalence . this article presents the case of an 18-year - old caucasian female patient who came to...
the liver response to a drug is critical in determining the ultimate effect the drug will have on the body . it is well - known that the first - pass effect of the cytochrome p450s , metabolizing enzymes , and transporters can greatly reduce the bioavailability of a drug or transform a prodrug into its acti...	despite recent advances in molecular medicine and rational drug design , many drugs still fail because toxic effects arise at the cellular and tissue level . in order to better understand these effects , cellular assays can generate high - throughput measurements of gene expression changes induced by small ...
glycogen synthase kinase-3 is a ubiquitously expressed protein kinase that exists in two isoforms , and . originally identified based on its role in glycogen biosynthesis based on its inactivating phosphorylation of glycogen synthase , it has since been found to regulate a myriad of functions through wnt and other sig...	although glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta ( gsk-3 ) was originally named for its ability to phosphorylate glycogen synthase and regulate glucose metabolism , this multifunctional kinase is presently known to be a key regulator of a wide range of cellular functions . gsk-3 is involved in modulating a variety of functio...
biodegraded oils resulting from the action of microorganisms that destroy hydrocarbons and other oil components have been a problem for the petroleum industry . biodegradation is responsible for the increase in viscosity and acidity of the oil and the reduction of its api ( american petroleum institute ) grade . di...	crude oil samples with high- and low - water content from two offshore platforms ( pa and pb ) in campos basin , brazil , were assessed for bacterial communities by 16s rrna gene - based clone libraries . rdp classifier was used to analyze a total of 156 clones within four libraries obtained from two platforms . th...
in this prospective study 106 consecutive phalangeal fractures were managed in a single orthopaedic unit . a total of 70 ( 67% ) of these fractures affected proximal phalanges , and out of these the indications for inclusion included one or more of the following : functionally unstable fractures . for functional ...	backgroundproximal phalangeal fractures are common fractures of the hand . the fractures are difficult to treat because of vicinity of two important joints and crossing long tendons . the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of nail traction technique in the management of proximal phalangeal fractures...
flies of forensic importance are the subject of interest , since their specimens collected from human cadavers can be used in forensic investigations for estimating a minimum postmortem interval ( pmimin ) . as insect communities differ across seasons , the records of entomofauna collected from various death scenes i...	this is the first study to report chrysomya pinguis ( walker ) and lucilia porphyrina ( walker ) ( diptera : calliphoridae ) as forensically important blow fly species from human cadavers in thailand , in addition to chrysomya villeneuvi ( patton ) already known in thailand . in 2016 , a fully decomposed body of an u...
suicide attempt is a non - fatal act when a person deliberately puts himself or herself at risk of death ( 1 ) . research results show that the rate of committed suicides among adolescents in the world is higher than other age groups ( 2 , 3 ) . suicide is the second leading cause of death in adolescents after acci...	background : suicide attempts are more common among adolescents than other age groups . although suicide is considered a worldwide problem , but the related factors , to suicidal behavior are different in various cultures.objectives:the purpose of this study is to identify themes that explain suicide attempt process ...
standard definitions of overweight and obesity , based on body mass index ( bmi ) , do not differ by age . however , many studies of older adults have found a u - shaped relationship between bmi and mortality , with the lowest mortality in the group labeled as overweight ( bmi from 25 to 29.9 ) . the work in id...	introduction . the traditional definitions of overweight and obesity are not age specific , even though the relationship of weight to mortality is different for older adults . effects of adiposity on aspects of health beside mortality have not been well investigated . methods . we calculated the number of years o...
the subjects in the hong kong case - control study were of southern han chinese ancestry residing in hong kong . participants for the case cohort consisting of 1,481 subjects with type 2 diabetes were selected from two sources . from the hong kong diabetes registry ( 18 ) , we selected 556 patients ( age 40.4 8.3 ...	objective recent genome - wide association studies have identified six novel genes for type 2 diabetes and obesity and confirmed tcf7l2 as the major type 2 diabetes gene to date in europeans . however , the implications of these genes in asians are unclear.research design and methods we studied 13 associated single n...
african animal trypanosomiasis ( aat ) is caused by trypanosoma congolense , trypanosoma vivax , and trypanosoma brucei . trypanosomiasis is a debilitating disease of man and domestic and wild animals which is often characterized by anemia , reduced productivity , and high mortality [ 13 ] . it is a major constrain...	trypanosomosis is a debilitating disease affecting mainly livestock and humans in tropical africa . chemically synthesized drugs and medicinal plants have been used in the treatment and control of this disease . in this study , the in vitro effect of aqueous extracts and fraction iv extract of ximenia americana ste...
	xenoestrogens could be implicated in the decrease of male fertility and in the increased incidence of testicular and breast cancers in humans . to predict their deleterious effects , various in vivo or in vitro tests have been proposed to assay the xenoestrogenic activity . we have designed an assay for the detecti...
our study included 13 patients ( 6 men and 7 women , age range : 18 - 69 years , mean age : 45.9 ) with a previously untreated brain tumor . the postoperative diagnosis of brain tumors included three glioblastomas , two anaplastic astrocytomas , two anaplastic oligodendrogliomas , one oligodendroglioma , one metastas...	objectivewe wanted to estimate the practical improvements of 3 t proton mr spectroscopy ( 1h mrs ) as compared with 1.5 t 1h mrs for the evaluation of human brain tumors.materials and methodssingle voxel 1h mrs was performed at both 1.5 t and 3 t in 13 patients suffering with brain tumors . using the same data acquisit...
emergency department overcrowding is a common international concern.1 2 nationally there is a mixed opinion on whether this has a positive or negative effect on the rates of admission . one opinion is that if the emergency department is overcrowded then disproportionately more referrals are made in order to divert ...	emergency department overcrowding with admitted inpatients is a common international occurrence . we undertook a retrospective review to compare patient admission rates from patients presenting to our emergency department with the level of overcrowding with admitted inpatients on that particular day in the emergency ...
coronary computed tomography angiography ( ccta ) is increasingly used for the non - invasive assessment of coronary artery disease in stable symptomatic patients . several multicenter clinical trials comparing 64-slice ccta with invasive catheter - based coronary angiography have shown remarkable diagnostic accuracy...	coronary computed tomography angiography ( ccta ) is increasingly used for the assessment of coronary heart disease ( chd ) in symptomatic patients . software applications have recently been developed to facilitate efficient and accurate analysis of ccta . this study aims to evaluate the clinical application of com...
cell - based assays are a powerful tool in modern medicine and drug discovery , through which functional information on physiology , pathology , pharmacology as well as toxicity can be obtained in both high - throughput and high - content formats.14 a great challenge in improving the performance of cell - based assays ...	introductionin this study , quasi - three - dimensional ( 3d ) microwell patterns were fabricated with poly ( l - lactic acid ) for the development of cell - based assays , targeting voltage - gated calcium channels ( vgccs).methods and materialssh - sy5y human neuroblastoma cells were interfaced with the microwell pat...
prasugrel is an anti - platelet thienopyridine agent.1 ) in vivo , the metabolites of prasugrel irreversibly bind to the p2y class of adenosine diphosphate receptors on platelets and inhibit platelet activation and aggregation . prasugrel was approved by the food and drug administration in july 2009 after it was sh...	we report a case of hypersensitivity skin reaction to prasugrel . the patient exhibited a generalized skin rash after treatment with prasugrel , which was resolved after discontinuation of prasugrel and substitution to clopidogrel . clopidogrel was successfully administered as an alternative to prasugrel without an...
samples of manufacturing plasma pools submitted to the national institute for biological standards and control for testing for hepatitis c virus rna were stored at 70c until analysis , in compliance with european regulatory requirements . manufacturing pools were sourced from donations collected in europe and north a...	we report a novel parvovirus ( parv4 ) and related variants in pooled human plasma used in the manufacture of plasma - derived medical products . viral dna was detected by using highly selective polymerase chain reaction assays ; 5% of pools tested positive , and amounts of dna ranged from < 500 copies / ml to > 106 ...
	2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin ( tcdd ) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that is produced inadvertently during the synthesis of some organochlorine compounds , such as the chlorinated phenoxy pesticides . it is biologically and ecologically persistent , with an estimated half - life of 7 years in hu...
oral cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in the world . along with major risk factors , like tobacco and alcohol , some studies have suggested that high - risk hpv is a risk factor for scc and the prevalence of high - risk hpv in head and neck cancers has been reported from 38% to 100% in different studies ( 1...	background : human papilloma virus ( hpv ) infection of the oropharynx is acquired through a variety of sexual and social forms of transmission . recent epidemiologic evidence has suggested that hpv may be an independent risk factor for oropharyngeal cancers , but risk factors for persistent hpv infection in the orop...
tuberculosis of the nose is so infrequent that it has virtually become a forgotten disease entity among young clinicians . however , it still remains an important clinical entity which should be kept in mind especially in developing countries . usually , sinonasal tuberculosis ( tb ) occurs secondary to pulmonary t...	background : primary nasal tuberculosis ( tb ) is a rare form of tb even in areas with high tb incidence . it is timely diagnosis and proper management are often delayed due to its rarity and nonspecific clinical presentation.aim:the aim of the study was to review histopathologically diagnosed cases of nasal tb over ...
it includes 185 articles that provide ( i ) descriptions of the database resources at the ncbi , european bioinformatics institute ( ebi ) and the us department of energy joint genome institute ( jgi ) ; ( ii ) 58 new molecular biology databases ( table 1 ) ; ( iii ) updates on 100 databases previously featured in nar ...	the 2014 nucleic acids research database issue includes descriptions of 58 new molecular biology databases and recent updates to 123 databases previously featured in nar or other journals . for convenience , the issue is now divided into eight sections that reflect major subject categories . among the highlights of t...
the study was conducted in 118 caucasian type 2 diabetic patients ( 63 women ; mean sd age 57.2 9.7 years and a1c 7.3 2% ) . according to the values obtained with isotopic gfr , patients were divided into three study subgroups : hyperfiltration ( gfr > 140 ml / min per 1.73 m , 26 patients ) ; normal renal functio...	objective to test the mayo clinic quadratic ( mcq ) equation against isotopic glomerular filtration rate , compared with the modification of diet in renal disease ( mdrd ) and the cockcroft - gault formulas , in type 2 diabetes.research design and methods based on values obtained with iothalamate , 118 type 2 diabeti...
although pork remains the predominant source of trichinellosis throughout the world , other meats occasionally have been implicated as well . in recent years , the trichinella spp . a wider host spectrum is especially evident in non - encapsulated species , such as trichinella pseudospiralis , infecting birds . fur...	trichinellosis transmission to humans via the consumption of reptile meat is rare worldwide . in korea , however , 2 such outbreaks , possibly via consumption of soft - shelled turtle meat , have occurred in 2 successive years . in 17 august 2014 , 6 patients were admitted to wonju severance christian hospital complain...
synapses are specialized subcellular organelles connecting nerve cells in the central nervous system or nerve cells and muscle cells in the peripheral nervous system . synapses act by pre - synaptic release of synaptic transmitters and the post - synaptic reception of the signal . their outstanding significance for...	we created synsysnet , available online at http://bioinformatics.charite.de/synsysnet , to provide a platform that creates a comprehensive 4d network of synaptic interactions . neuronal synapses are fundamental structures linking nerve cells in the brain and they are responsible for neuronal communication and informa...
elevation in cardiac troponin ( i or t ) reflects myocardial necrosis.1 ) if there are no other etiologies of myocardial necrosis , such as myocarditis , aortic dissection , pulmonary embolism , congestive heart failure and renal failure , cardiac troponin elevation is indicative of myocardial infarction due to acute m...	myocardial infarction is diagnosed when blood levels of biomarkers are increased in the clinical setting of acute myocardial ischemia . among the biomarkers , troponin i is the preferred biomarker indicative of myocardial necrosis . it is tissue specific for the heart . myocardial infarction is rarely reported fo...
it has been proposed that the innate immune system might discriminate living and virulent pathogens from dead or harmless microbes , but the molecular mechanisms by which this discrimination could occur remain unclear . although studies of model antigens and adjuvants have illuminated important principles underlying ...	introductionit has been proposed that the innate immune system might discriminate living and virulent pathogens from dead or harmless microbes , but the molecular mechanisms by which this discrimination could occur remain unclear . although studies of model antigens and adjuvants have illuminated important principles...
mucoid degeneration ( md ) is a rare pathological affection of the anterior cruciate ligament ( acl ) . mucinous material within the substance of acl produces pain and limited motion in the knee . this series describes the clinicoradiological presentation of patients with mucoid acl , partial arthroscopic debrideme...	background : mucoid degeneration ( md ) is a rare pathological affection of the anterior cruciate ligament ( acl ) . mucinous material within the substance of acl produces pain and limited motion in the knee . this series describes the clinicoradiological presentation of patients with mucoid acl , partial arthrosco...
arabidopsis thaliana , belonging to the brassicaceae family , is widely exploited as a reference in plant biology thanks to its short generation time , small size , that limited the requirement for growth facilities , prolific seed production through self - pollination , and its small diploid genome.1,2 this is also th...	arabidopsis thaliana is widely accepted as a model species in plant biology . its genome , due to its small size and diploidy , was the first to be sequenced among plants , making this species also a reference for plant comparative genomics . nevertheless , the evolutionary mechanisms that shaped the arabidopsis ge...
aging is a slow and gradual biological process , associated with various morphological and biochemical changes in biological system . aging diminishes homeostasis and increases vulnerability to cognitive dysfunctions in addition to physical , mental , or social activities in human beings . aging also accompanied by...	d - galactose induced neurotoxicity is well known model for studying aging and related oxidative damage and memory impairment . aging is a biological process , characterized by the gradual loss of physiological functions by unknown mechanism . centella asiatica , indian pennywort has been documented in th...
a 80-year - old man presented with a recent onset of constipation , anal discomfort , and anal incontinence . several months ago , he experienced a sensation of something passing through the anus at defecation , that he manually reinserted , accompanied by tenesmus and rectal bleeding , for which he had a diagnosis o...	submucosal lipomas of the large bowel are uncommon . occasionally , they occur in the rectum and may cause aspecific symptoms ; presentation with rectal prolapse is very unusual and may lead to a misdiagnosis of simple mucosal prolapse . the paper describes an additional case of a prolapsing rectal mass that led to...
doctors have been providing one of the greatest services to the mankind because of which they hold a high respect in the sight of people . thus , responsibility of maintaining high quality and standard in providing health care also rests with the doctors themselves . a procedure or set of procedures , intended to i...	objectives : to assess pharmacotherapeutics ( pt ) knowledge of second professional medical undergraduates.materials and methods : it is a questionnaire - based cross - sectional study . the questionnaire was designed to objectively assess the current level of knowledge of pt acquired by the second mbbs students in a m...
arginine deiminase ( adi ) plays important role in cell signaling pathways , including apoptosis , differentiation , and transcriptional regulation [ 1 , 2 ] . adi is an arginine - degrading enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptidylarginine to form peptidylcitrulline . adi activity is dysregulated in multipl...	arginine deiminase ( adi ) , an arginine - metabolizing enzyme involved in cell signaling , is dysregulated in multiple inflammatory diseases and cancers . we hypothesized that pegylated adi ( adi - peg ) provide protection against colitis . methods . dextran sodium sulfate colitis was induced in il-10-deficient ...
the loss or absence of eyeball may result from several factors such as congenital defects , irreparable trauma , or oncological problems . depending on the gravity of the situation , evisceration and enucleation surgeries are extremely traumatic and result in eyeball removal with consequent serious corporal ima...	the use of ocular prostheses for ophthalmic patients aims to rebuild facial aesthetics and provide an artificial substitute to the visual organ . natural intemperate conditions promote discoloration of artificial irides and many studies have attempted to produce irides with greater chromatic paint durability us...
the study followed the tenets of the declaration of helsinki and was approved by the institutional review board at korea university medical center . all patients were selected through a brief questionnaire including assessment for any symptoms of eyestrain or visual perceptual distortion and other symptoms to determi...	purposeto discriminate the visual symptoms and signs of meares - irlen syndrome ( mis ) and nonspecific dyslexia from other ophthalmologic diseases ( nods).methodsforty - five patients were enrolled . thirty four of the patients with mis whose symptoms improved with tinted lenses comprised mis group . the other 11 ...
lasa is an ongoing study on predictors and consequences of changes in physical , emotional , cognitive , and social functioning in older people in the netherlands . a random sample stratified by age and sex according to expected mortality after 5 years was drawn from the population registries of 11 municipalities in ...	background.low body mass index is a general measure of thinness . however , its measurement can be cumbersome in older persons and other simple anthropometric measures may be more strongly associated with mortality . therefore , associations of low mid - upper arm circumference , calf circumference , and body mass ...
a multidisciplinary group of 69 cerebrovascular specialists consisting of 43 neurosurgeons ( 11 of whom were trained in both neurosurgical and endovascular aneurysm repair ) , 14 interventional neuroradiologists , 11 neurologists , and 1 clinical epidemiologist was convened to participate in a delphi consensus on conte...	objective : we endeavored to develop an unruptured intracranial aneurysm ( uia ) treatment score ( uiats ) model that includes and quantifies key factors involved in clinical decision - making in the management of uias and to assess agreement for this model among specialists in uia management and research.methods:an in...
cumulative life damage is an old concept of considerable face validity , which has attracted more scientific interest in the fields of sociology and psychology than in medicine over the years . in a philosophical context the analysis of factors which convey either advantages or disadvantages to the development of an ...	cumulative life damage is an old concept of considerable face validity , which has attracted more scientific interest in the fields of sociology and psychology than in medicine over the years . the research examines the interconnectivity of the many factors which shape the development of individuals or institutions o...
cystic hydatid disease ( chd ) , also known as hydatidosis , is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by echinococcus granulosus or dog tapeworm . humans are accidently infected by oral ingestion of food or water contaminated with dog feces containing echinococcus eggs ( 1 ) . chd is a helminthic disease with globa...	we report an unusual case of primary hydatid cyst of the mandibular angle without glands involvement , in the left supraclavicular region of the neck with no involvement of any other regions of the body . in july 2012 , a 25-yr old woman , from golestan province , northeast iran was admitted to our ent clinic , with ...
skeletal dysplasias are a large heterogeneous group of disorders consisting of abnormalities of bone or cartilage growth or their structure . recently , 436 different entities have been described , despite the fact that the total number has gone down compared with the previous revision ( by grouping of phenotypically...	abstractskeletal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of conditions associated with various abnormalities of the skeleton . some of them are perinatally lethal and can be diagnosed at birth . lethality is usually due to thoracic underdevelopment and lung hypoplasia . a correct diagnosis and typing of the skeletal...
we recruited 100 completely asymptomatic patients of both genders ( 50 each ) to obtain unilateral standard lower extremity rotational ct scans for evaluation of hip joint pain and anteversion angle of the affected acetabulum . patients with no clinical signs or symptoms in the knee joint for 1 year prior were includ...	backgroundtibial tuberosity - trochlear groove ( tt - tg ) distance is important in the assessment and treatment of patellofemoral disorders . however , normal and pathological tt - tg values have not been established in koreans . the purpose of this study was to evaluate the tt - tg distance in the korean populati...
urinary tract infections ( utis ) are common bacterial infections in infants and children and have high prevalence and morbidity rates . urinary tract infections are simply classified as acute pyelonephritis / upper urinary tract infection and cystitis / lower urinary tract infection . in a community with low antimic...	background . urinary tract infections ( utis ) are common and important clinical problem in childhood , and extended - spectrum - beta - lactamase- ( esbl- ) producing organisms are the leading cause of healthcare - related utis . in this study , we aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of ertapenem therap...
semiconductor quantum dots ( qds ) is attracting tremendous research interests due to the benefits promised by the three - dimensional ( 3d ) carrier confinement of the qd system . for example , the 3d carrier confinement provides qd lasers the possibilities to achieve low threshold current density and high different...	in this work , we investigated the use of 10-layer inas quantum dot ( qd ) as active region of an electroabsorption modulator ( eam ) . the qd - eam is a p - i - n ridge waveguide structure with intrinsic layer thickness of 0.4 m , width of 10 m , and length of 1.0 mm . photocurrent measurement reveals a stark shif...
pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas ( ppgls ) are neuroendocrine tumors arising from adrenomedullary chromaffin cells and extra - adrenal chromaffin cells of the sympathetic or parasympathetic ganglia . the tumors are associated with life - threatening complications due to their ability to release catecholamines mos...	objectives . the roles of pi3k / akt / mtor and mapk / erk pathways involved in the pathogenesis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma ( ppgl ) were demonstrated mostly by in vitro studies with rat or mouse cells and were mainly studied at transcriptional level . this study aimed to investigate the effect of these pa...
photoconversion is a procedure by which a fluorescent dye is transformed into a stably stained product , thus enabling a long - lasting analysis of fluorescently - labelled cellular structures at both bright field light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy . it exploits the property of fluorescent dyes to ...	diaminobenzidine photoconversion is a technique by which a fluorescent dye is transformed into a stably insoluble , brown , electrondense signal , thus enabling examination at both bright field light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy . in this work , a procedure is proposed for combining photoconversion...
the majority of myocardial infarctions and ischemic strokes are caused by intravascular clotting that , when unopposed , rapidly can progress into an occluding arterial thrombus . to protect against this , the vascular endothelium of healthy individuals has the ability to acutely release the fibrinolytic enzyme tissue ...	objective . endothelial tissue - type plasminogen activator ( t - pa ) release is a pivotal response to protect the circulation from occluding thrombosis . we have shown that the t - pa gene is epigenetically regulated and greatly induced by the histone deacetylase ( hdac ) inhibitor valproic acid ( vpa ) . we now ...
benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) is a urologic disease that affects males 50 years of age and older . it is a common disease of the elderly that has rapidly increased in incidence with the growing elderly population , economic growth , and the ubiquity of the western diet . a traditional surgical approach to bp...	purposeapproximately 20% to 30% of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) require medication or supplementary treatment for their continuous irritative bladder symptoms after transurethral resection of the prostate ( turp ) . the purpose of this study was to identify any factors related to continuous blad...
the appropriate use of human resources is one of the major problems of organizations and one of the most serious challenges facing the current management of medical centers . nurses , as the largest human resource of healthcare and medical organizations , are of special importance , as these organizations can not be ...	background : nurses , who are considered to form the largest group of professional healthcare providers , face the challenge of maintaining , promoting , and providing quality nursing care and to prepare themselves to function confidently and to care effectively . among the factors affecting nursing performance , self ...
esthesioneuroblastoma ( enb ) , also known as olfactory neuroblastoma , is a rare malignant tumor of neuroectodermal origin arising from the olfactory epithelium . these tumors are often unilateral slow - growing masses presenting in the orbital rim or ethmoid sinuses . enb comprises 1 to 5% of intranasal tumors1 ...	objectives we present a case of olfactory preservation after a unilateral transcribriform transethmoidal endoscopic resection of esthesioneuroblastoma . we also discuss the oncologic results of endoscopic and transcranial approaches and describe the potential benefits and limitations of an endoscopic approach . se...
precision medicine promises to deliver medical care that is tailored to individual patients based on personal pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics , genetic makeup , lifestyle , and environment . one size fits all therapies represents a dramatic paradigm shift in patient data collection , utilization of this inform...	the commercialization of new point of care technologies holds great potential in facilitating and advancing precision medicine in heart , lung , blood , and sleep ( hlbs ) disorders . the delivery of individually tailored health care to a patient depends on how well that patient s health condition can be interrogated...
the enteromix model of the human large intestine has been previously used in several different studies that have investigated the fermentation and function of prebiotic and probiotic ingredients in the colon ( 1719 ) . the simulator consists of four different units , each of which contains four semi - continuously co...	background clostridium difficile is a natural resident of the intestinal microbiota ; however , it becomes harmful when the normal intestinal microbiota is disrupted , and overgrowth and toxin production occurs . the toxins can cause bloating and diarrhoea , which may cause severe disease and have the potential to ...
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) affects various structural and functional domains in the lungs . it also has significant extrapulmonary effects , the so - called systemic effects of copd . nutritional abnormalities , weight loss , and skeletal muscle dysfunction are well - recognized systemic effects o...	introductioncopd presents with an array of extra - pulmonary symptoms of which skeletal muscle dysfunction , particularly of the quadriceps , is well recognized . this contributes to impaired quality of life and increased health care utilization . work on the quadriceps originated from the observation that a good p...
the n - terminal domain of human symplekin and full - length human ssu72 were over - expressed separately in e. coli and purified . the symplekin - ssu72 complex was purified by gel filtration of a mixture of the two proteins . crystals were obtained by the sitting - drop vapor diffusion method , and the structures...	symplekin ( pta1 in yeast ) is a scaffold in the large protein complex that is required for 3-end cleavage and polyadenylation of eukaryotic messenger rna precursors ( pre - mrnas ) 14 , and also participates in transcription initiation and termination by rna polymerase ii ( pol ii ) 5,6 . symplekin mediates interact...
the structural similarity of plant - derived isoflavones to human 17 estradiol has stimulated significant interest in their importance to women 's health ( balk et al . 2006 ) , with some evidence that dietary isoflavones can influence hormonal levels in pre- and post - menopausal women ( hooper et al . , 2009 ) . ho...	backgroundisoflavones from soy and red clover exert modest hormonal effects in women , but the relevance to risk of breast cancer is unclear . the aim of this meta - analysis was to assess the effects of isoflavone - rich foods or supplements on a biomarker of breast cancer risk , women 's mammographic density.method...
according to the newly released version of the global burden of disease study of 2010 , migraine is responsible for almost 3% of disability attributable to a specific disease worldwide . indeed , it is considered the most disabling neurological disorder , and the eighth most burdensome disease . obesity can be link...	backgroundthe aim of this study was to analyze the effects of obesity and leptin levels on patients with migraine , and to observe the change of leptin levels in migraineurs.material/methodswe enrolled 52 migraine patients from the headache clinic in shandong provincial hospital into a randomized controlled trial with ...
the hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) is one of the most significant major health issues , with an estimated 350 million people as carriers throughout the world ( 1 ) . based on individual immune responses , hbv manifests itself in different ranges of development , presenting in some persons with self - limited infection and...	backgroundbased on differences in individual immune responses to the hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) , between 5% and 10% of patients become persistently infected with the virus , which leads to the determination of chronic hbv . cytokines such as interferon gamma ( ifn- ) are secretory proteins that play important roles i...
neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an important component of combination treatment strategies for locally advanced breast cancer . randomized trials have confirmed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy can achieve the same effects as adjuvant chemotherapy , and that tumor response to chemotherapy can be predicted and the breast con...	purposethis study was conducted to investigate the prognostic value of lymph node ratio ( lnr ) in stage ii / iii breast cancer patients who undergo mastectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.materials and methodsclinical and pathological data describing stage ii / iii breast cancer patients were included in this retros...
until recently , the diagnostics of peripheral nerve pathologies was based on a clinical examination , neurophysiological examinations ( electromyography , emg ) as well as on magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) . at present , however , more and more clinicians refer their patients to ultrasound examination ( us ) for t...	the previous articles of the series devoted to ultrasound diagnostics of peripheral nerves concerned the most common nerve pathologies , i.e. entrapment neuropathies . the aim of the last part of the series is to present ultrasound possibilities in the postoperative control of the peripheral nerves as well as in the ...
nuclear factor-b ( nf-b ) belongs to a family of transcription factors that play a crucial role in inflammatory and immune reactions . the malfunctioning of nf-b contributes to the inhibition of apoptosis , cell replication , and angiogenesis , all of which are occur in cancer cells . several pieces of evidence hav...	backgroundnfkbia encodes the inhibitors of nuclear factor-b ( nf-b ) , which regulate the translation of the genes involved in the inflammatory and immune reactions . polymorphisms ( rs2233406 , rs3138053 , and rs696 ) of nfkbia have been implicated in susceptibility to many cancer types.material/methodsto evaluate t...
over the last three decades , the refinements in the techniques of exstrophy repair have resulted in tremendous improvement in functional and esthetic outcome in cases of exstrophy epispadias complex ( eec).[14 ] today , we see more and more adolescent and adult patients who not only have good urinary continence but al...	in patients with eec , the issues such as sexuality , sexual function and fertility gain more importance once theses patients advance from puberty to adulthood . the aim of this review is to critically examine the available evidence on these issues . a systemic literature search was performed in medline over the la...
good oral health is an essential component which determines the overall general health of children . despite improvement in oral health , the prevalence of dental caries remains high in young children as reported by the united states national health and nutrition examination survey . previous studies conducted on t...	objectives : the aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion of completed treatments and to study the factors affecting the full mouth dental rehabilitation in pediatric patients treated by undergraduate students at the college of dental medicine teaching clinics , university of sharjah.materials and methods : a r...
scoliosis is a deformity of the spine resulting in a lateral curvature of the spine , which is associated with rotation of the vertebrae and deformity of the rib cage . its prevalence in the general population varies from 0.3% to 15.3% with a female preponderance of 3:1 . scoliosis is associated with restrictive lu...	anesthesia for emergency cesarean section for the pregnant patient with surgically corrected scoliosis is associated with potential risks for both mother and the fetus due to alterations in maternal physiology and the pathological changes seen in scoliosis . the anesthetic management must address the well being of bo...
informed written consent was obtained from all participants in accordance with the declaration of helsinki , and the protocol received approval from the human ethics committee of the centre hospitalier universit de sherbrooke . seven healthy men without glucose intolerance ( controls subjects [ con ] ) , based on a 7...	objectivepostprandial plasma nonesterified fatty acid ( nefa ) appearance is increased in type 2 diabetes . our objective was to determine whether skeletal muscle uptake of plasma nefa is abnormal during the postprandial state in type 2 diabetes.research design and methodsthigh muscle blood flow and oxidative metabol...
tumor necrosis factor- ( tnf- ) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is expressed by a variety of cell types , such as immune or neuronal cells . tnf is involved in the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain [ 1 , 2 ] . the effects of tnf are mediated by two distinct receptor subtypes , tnf...	tumor necrosis factor- ( tnf- ) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain . its effects are mediated by two receptors , tnf receptor-1 ( tnfr-1 ) and tnf receptor-2 ( tnfr-2 ) . these receptors play a crucial role in the sensitization of voltage ...
injectable hydrogels ( in situ formed hydrogels ) are promising substrates for tissue - engineering applications because of their ability to provide biodegradable scaffolds with physical properties that match those of living tissues and to control drug delivery with minimally invasive operations . thermo- and ph - re...	we investigated the temperature - responsive gelation of collagen / genipin solutions using pepsin - solubilized collagen ( psc ) and acid - solubilized collagen ( asc ) as substrates . gelation occurred in the psc / genipin solutions at genipin concentrations 02 mm under moderate change in temperature from 25 to 37...
perhaps most notably , folate is required during pregnancy for normal development of the neural tube closure . once the connection between reduced dietary folate consumption and neural tube defects ( ntds ) was well established , the fda mandated fortification of grain - based foods with folic acid . this mandate r...	fortification of grains has resulted in a positive public health outcome vis - a - vis reduced incidence of neural tube defects . whether folate has a correspondingly beneficial effect on other disease outcomes is less clear . a role for dietary folate in the prevention of colorectal cancer has been established throu...
since 1960 , the idea of adhesion to dental hard tissues resulted in the invention of many dental cements including glass ionomer cements ( gics ) . gic is basically a product of acid base reaction between ion leachable glass and aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid . this cement exhibits several desirable properti...	aim : this study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new fast set highly viscous conventional glass ionomer cement ( gic ) with l929 fibroblasts.materials and methods : the cement capsule was mixed and introduced into a paraffin wax mould . after setting , the cement was incubated in dulbecco 's modified eagle 's me...
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) remains the major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality despite currently available therapy . full appreciation of all risk factors and the pathogenesis of this disease are inevitably required to identify additional targets for therapy . atherosclerosis , the major underlying cau...	cardiovascular disease remains the major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality . its pathophysiology is complex and multifactorial . because the phenotype of cardiovascular disease often shows a marked heritable pattern , it is likely that genetic factors play an important role . in recent years , large geno...
the gestational trophoblastic disease consists of two types of molar pregnancies : complete hydatidiform mole and partial hydatidiform mole . although most cases of gtn came from molar pregnancy , there are a few cases of choriocarcinoma arising from non - molar pregnancies . the incidence of hydatidiform mole in a...	choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant disease of trophoblastic cells , which affects young women in the reproductive years . the main sites of metastasis from choriocarcinoma are lung , vagina , liver , gastrointestinal tract and kidneys , and the involvement of the ovaries is extremely rare . the diagnosis of ovaria...
infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( hiv-1 ) remains a substantial public health as well as a socioeconomic problem worldwide . although highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) effectively halts hiv replication and profoundly increases survival of patients , it has not been possible yet to ...	to accomplish their life cycle , lentiviruses make use of host proteins , the so - called cellular cofactors . interactions between host cell and viral proteins during early stages of lentiviral infection provide attractive new antiviral targets . the insertion of lentiviral cdna in a host cell chromosome is a step o...
colorectal cancer ( crc ) is one of the most common cancers in developed countries , and its incidence continues to rise . in 2008 , 12000 new patients were diagnosed with crc in the netherlands as compared to 7000 cases in 1998 . on the other hand , mortality has decreased and survivorship has improved , leading to an...	backgroundhealthy lifestyle might improve outcome among colorectal cancer ( crc ) survivors . in this study we investigated the proportion of survivors who meet recommended lifestyle and weight guidelines and compared this to the general population . factors that predict current behaviour were also assessed.methoda r...
patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency ( vpi ) present a unique challenge to the pediatric otolaryngologist . otherwise straightforward problems such as sleep apnea and chronic tonsillitis become far more complicated in the cleft population due to the risk of vpi , and yet , sleep disordered breathing is increasi...	introduction . controversy exists over whether tonsillectomy will affect speech in patients with known velopharyngeal insufficiency ( vpi ) , particularly in those with cleft palate . methods . all patients seen at the ohsu doernbecher children 's hospital vpi clinic between 1997 and 2010 with vpi who underwent ton...
the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders iv diagnostic criteria for delirium are disturbances of consciousness and change in cognition that develops over a short period of time and fluctuates during the course of the day . there also must be evidence from the history , physical examination , or labor...	the high prevalence and pervasive impact of delirium in critically ill patients has been demonstrated in multiple studies . subsequently there has grown a body of literature regarding delirium assessment in critical illness . the present commentary briefly discusses delirium screening in an intensive care unit envi...
a woman in her 50s presented to the emergency department after receiving multiple shocks from her intracardiac defibrillator ( icd ) . she had frequent admissions at another center because of unstable ventricular tachycardia ( vt ) , which resulted in icd implantation 13 years prior to presentation . nine years aft...	late development of left ventricular ( lv ) pseudoaneurysms after ventricular tachycardia ( vt ) catheter ablation is a rare phenomenon , and very few cases have been reported in the medical literature . we describe the case of a giant lv pseudoaneurysm as a late complication of multiple epicardial and endocardial vt...
diet and physical activity are major modifiable factors that help prevent or delay lifestyle - related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) , hypertension , type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer . the prevalence of chronic lifestyle disease rapidly increases as a population ages , yet it is calcu...	we examined the effect of a 9-week diet and physical activity intervention provided in the workplace by a group education session where personal dietary and physical activity goals were proposed . measurements of anthropometry , fasting blood lipids , glucose and insulin , assays for antioxidant activity ( aoa ) and ...
primitive neuroectodermal tumors ( pnets ) were first described in the literature by hart and earle in 1973 . they are now classified by the world health organization as embryonal tumors comprising of undifferentiated or poorly differentiated neuroepithelial cells which appear to or which have the capacity to differe...	primitive neuroectodermal tumors ( pnets ) are typically present as masses in children and adolescents , but rarely in adults . diagnoses , management strategies , and prognostication factors are not well established in adult cases of pnets . we describe the case of a central nervous system pnet diagnosed in a 55-yea...
a 15-year - old female slipped down during gymnastics practice and had a right knee pain localizing to the lateral side . she went to a hospital 5 days after the injury and was diagnosed with ocd of the lfc and anterior defect with posterocentral shift of the discoid lateral meniscus . the patient underwent arthros...	the optimal treatment for combined osteochondritis dissecans ( ocd ) with considerable bony defect of the lateral femoral condyle ( lfc ) and torn discoid lateral meniscus is unclear . we present a case of a 15-year - old female who was a gymnast and had a large ocd lesion in the lfc combined with deficiency of the l...
but , the results have often been disappointing . recently , with further advancements in laparoscopic surgery , laparoscopic repair of parastomal hernias have been described with good results . many investigations have been reported that laparoscopic repair of parastomal hernias with the proper technique can be safe...	a parastomal hernia is the most common surgical complication following stoma formation . as the field of laparoscopic surgery advances , different laparoscopic approaches to repair of parastomal hernias have been developed . recently , the sugarbaker technique has been reported to have lower recurrence rates compar...
the use of computers to help radiologists in the acquisition ( e.g. ct , mri , us , computed radiography ) , management and storage ( pacs ) , and reporting ( ris ) of medical images is well established . more recently , computer programs have been developed and approved for use in clinical practice that aid radiolog...	computer aided detection ( cad ) is a technology designed to decrease observational oversights and thus the false negative rates of physicians interpreting medical images . prospective clinical studies have demonstrated an increase in breast cancer detection with cad assistance . this overview briefly describes t...
prostasin ( also known as channel activating protease 1 ) is a novel extracellular serine protease with trypsin - like activity which cleaves synthetic substrates in vitro , preferentially at carboxy - terminal side of arginine residue . the serine proteases constitute one of the largest classes of proteolytic enzyme...	prostasin is a glycophosphatidylinositol - anchored protein which is found in prostate gland , kidney , bronchi , colon , liver , lung , pancreas , and salivary glands . it is a serine protease with trypsin - like substrate specificity which was first purified from seminal fluid in 1994 . in the last decade , its d...
pituitary apoplexy is a well - known clinical syndrome characterized by headache , meningeal irritation , visual loss , ophthalmoplegia , and alterations in consciousness ( 1 ) . , we report a rare case of a 43-yr - old man with pituitary apoplexy presenting with hemiplegia . a 43-yr - old man presented with a sudd...	we report a case of pituitary apoplexy resulting in right internal carotid artery occlusion accompanied by hemiplegia and lethargy . a 43-yr - old man presented with a sudden onset of severe headache , visual disturbance and left hemiplegia . investigations revealed a nodular mass , located in the sella and suprasell...
sirtuins ( sirts ) belong to class iii histone deacetylases ( hdacs ) and function as deacetylating enzymes on lysine residues of various histones and nonhistone substrates with the special requirement for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( nad ) as cosubstrate for their activity . the mammalian sirtuin fa...	a series of substituted chromone / chroman-4-one derivatives has been synthesized and evaluated as novel inhibitors of sirt2 , an enzyme involved in aging - related diseases , e.g. , neurodegenerative disorders . the analogues were efficiently synthesized in a one - step procedure including a base - mediated ...
his major contribution was the description of the law of effect . since then , over course of a century , our understanding of pdds has radically changed . with the recognition that these conditions might have a biological basis , an intellectual context subsequently , investigations on the role of learning in behavi...	pervasive developmental disorders ( pdds ) are characterized by several impairments in the domains of social communication , social interaction and expression of social attachment , and other aspects of development like symbolic play . as the role of drugs in treating these impairments is extremely limited , a variet...
the disease is endemic in mexico , central and south america , and parts of africa and asia , particularly indian subcontinent , and is responsible for more than 50,000 deaths annually in these regions of the world . cysticercal involvement of the spinal cord is rare even in endemic areas and accounts for 0.7 to 5.85...	neurocysticercosis is a major cause of epilepsy in developing countries . cysticercal involvement of the spinal cord is rare even in endemic areas and accounts for 0.7 to 5.85% of all cases . we present a 19-year - old man who presented with weakness of both lower limbs and urinary complaints in the form of straini...
liver fibrosis , characterized by enhanced extracellular matrix ( ecm ) , represents the common responses of the liver to various chronic injuries . it is well known that hepatic stellate cells ( hscs ) are crucial mediators of liver fibrosis [ 1 , 2 ] . in normal liver tissue , once activated , they will lose thei...	previously , we found that long intergenic noncoding rna - p21 ( lincrna - p21 ) inhibits hepatic stellate cell ( hsc ) activation and liver fibrosis via p21 . however , the underlying mechanism of the antifibrotic role of lincrna - p21 in liver fibrosis remains largely unknown . here , we found that lincrna - p21 ...
approval of the ethics committee of the institutional review board of kyungpook national university hospital was obtained for this retrospective study ( irb number : 2013 - 06 - 016 ) . from january 2007 to june 2011 , 25 patients ( 26 cases ) underwent a two - stage revision arthroplasty using mobile cement prosthesis...	backgroundthe purpose of this study was to determine the degree of infection control and postoperative function for new articulating metal - on - cement spacer.methodsa retrospective study of 19 patients ( 20 cases ) , who underwent a two - stage revision arthroplasty using mobile cement prosthesis , were followed for ...
due to new techniques , improved instruments and microscopic magnification , sophisticated surgical procedures can be performed and these have improved plastic surgery beyond the filling of tissue defects without regard for function and aesthetics . although soft tissue reconstruction using local or pedicled flaps pr...	there is long - standing debate about sensate versus non - sensate free microvascular flaps among microsurgeons . the principle of connecting not only the vascular supply , but also sensitive nerves , in free tissue transfer is attractive . however , increased operating time and partial spontaneous innervation led ...
mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) are multipotent fibroblast - like cells that reside in many adult tissues such as bone marrow adipose tissue [ 1 , 2 ] , liver , muscle connective tissue , amniotic fluid , placenta [ 6 , 7 ] , umbilical cord blood , and dental pulp [ 8 , 9 ] . although their differentiation potentials...	mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) are used in many of the current stem cell - based clinical trials and their therapeutic efficacy has increasingly been attributed to secretion of paracrine factors . we have previously demonstrated that a therapeutic constituent of this secretion is exosome , a secreted bilipid membran...
the model of gender norms lacks an unequivocal conceptualisation . questions regarding this concept are addressed differently in various surveys , such as the population policy acceptance study ( ppas ) , the world value survey ( wvs ) and the international social survey programme ( issp ) . thus , the concept is ope...	the values and attitudes towards gender roles are often investigated and compared from a cross - country perspective without the proper statistical treatment of the measurement invariance ( mi ) assessment . this implies that the conclusions based on composite scales of gender norms , gender role attitudes or gender ...
dental ceramics are considered chemically inert restorative materials . however , many factors such as the composition , microstructure , chemical properties of the ceramic materials , erosive or acidic agents , exposure time , and the temperature , may influence the durability of dental ceramics.1 hence , previous stu...	background : an increase in surface roughness of ceramics may decrease strength and affect the clinical success of ceramic restorations . however , little is known about the effect of acidic agents on ceramic restorations . the aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of dental ceramics after being i...
the plasmid pcb is a full length cdna infectious clone of bamv s ( genbank accession number af018156 ) in a pcass2 vector as described previously . nd35 was derived from pcb by deletion of the n terminal 35 amino acid sequence of cp . the plasmids ( 12 g ) were used to inoculate chenopodium quinoa . the inoculat...	flexible filamentous plant viruses are responsible for more than half the viral crop damage in the world , but are also potentially useful for biotechnology . structural studies began more than 75 years ago but have failed due to the virion s extreme flexibility . we have used cryo em to generate an atomic model f...
polymeric particles have sparked major interest as nanosized delivery systems that increase drug 's retention effects and efficacy at single - cell level through a temporal or spatial control ( targeted therapy ) [ 13 ] . from a biological and therapeutic perspective , the intrinsic advantage of these supramolecular ...	this pilot study provides the proof of principle for biomedical application of novel polyelectrolyte complexes ( pecs ) obtained via electrostatic interactions between dextran sulphate ( dxs ) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride ) ( pah ) . scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) and atomic force microscopy ( afm ) showed...
clathrin - coated pits represent the major port of entry into higher eukaryotic cells ( conner and schmid , 2003a ) . within the clathrin lattice , the ap2 adaptor complex interprets signals in the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane cargo , thus allowing its inclusion into coated pits . the ap2 complex is compose...	endocytic cargo such as the transferrin receptor is incorporated into clathrin - coated pits by associating , via tyrosine - based motifs , with the ap2 complex . cargo ap2 interactions occur via the 2 subunit of ap2 , which needs to be phosphorylated for endocytosis to occur . the most likely role for 2 phosphoryl...
there are various ligaments around the vertebral column , such as the anterior longitudinal ligament ( all ) , posterior longitudinal ligament ( pll ) , ligamentum flavum , and ligamentum nuchae of the cervical spine . these ligaments may become ossified , paravertebral ligamentous ossification is defined by ossified...	objectiveossification of the ligamentum nuchae ( oln ) is usually asymptomatic and incidentally observed in cervical lateral radiographs . previous literatures reported the correlation between oln and cervical spondylosis . the purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical significance of oln with relation to...
celiac artery stenosis is a relatively common condition with an incidence estimated to be between 10 and 25% of the adult population . however , many patients remain asymptomatic until the arterial blood flow is reduced by 6070% , due to the development of extensive collateral pathways . during pancreaticoduodenectom...	patients with celiac artery stenosis often remain asymptomatic due to formation of extensive collateral pathways . hepatic or anastomotic ischemia may occur when the gastroduodenal artery and these collaterals are ligated during pancreaticoduodenectomy . here , we present a patient with severe atherosclerotic disea...
the term preleukemia ' has undergone a major evolution since it was first used in 1953 by block et al . at that time , the term referred to the heterogeneous group of hematopoietic disorders associated with a block in myeloid differentiation and chronic cytopenias . we now call these disorders , myelodysplastic sy...	definition of preleukemia has evolved . it was first used to describe the myelodysplastic syndrome ( mds ) with a propensity to progress to acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) . individuals with germline mutations of either runx1 , cebpa , or gata2 can also be called as preleukemic because they have a markedly increased...
humans have an incredible capacity to reflect upon their own or others ' emotional states . the default mode network ( dmn ) is a large - scale brain network involved in processing one 's own or others ' emotional state ( buckner et al . , 2008 ) . impairments in this type of mental reflection are part of the socia...	functional pathology of the default mode network is posited to be central to social - cognitive impairment in autism spectrum disorders ( asd ) . altered functional connectivity of the default mode network 's midline core may be a potential endophenotype for social deficits in asd . generalizability from prior stud...

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