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the development of neural circuits is initiated with the soft - wiring of speculative synaptic connections that form the foundation of specific penultimate circuits , and culminates with a process of refinement in which the correct synaptic connections are solidified , while improper connections are systematically we...	in many nervous systems , the establishment of neural circuits is known to proceed via a two - stage process ; ( 1 ) early , activity - independent wiring to produce a rough map characterized by excessive synaptic connections , and ( 2 ) subsequent , use - dependent pruning to eliminate inappropriate connections and re...
air quality crisis in cities is mainly due to vehicular emissions . owing to the expanding economic base this has led to an increase in the ownership and use of motor vehicles with a subsequent rise in the levels of air pollution . exposure to air pollutants is known to be harmful to health , in general , and to th...	background : air pollution due to road traffic is a serious health hazard and thus the persons who are continuously exposed , may be at an increased risk . although several studies have confirmed the ill effects of air pollutants on the lung function of traffic policemen , only a few have investigated the relationship ...
in recent years , metal / metalloid contamination has resulted in degradation of large areas of cultivable lands , posing a serious threat to sustainable agriculture and food security in developing countries like india . the frequent use of as - laden ground water for irrigation elevates as levels in the soils and ma...	this paper provides the first proteomic evidence of arsenic ( as ) tolerance and interactive regulatory network between primary and secondary metabolism in the medicinal plant , artemisia annua . while chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic rate depicted mild inhibition , there was a significant enhancement in p...
the greek and roman definitions of genius as a guardian spirit included genetic elements and were progressively associated with various aspects of creativity : it was seen as an illustrious creative power that could be passed to descendants . about 2,000 years later , the eugenics pioneer and founder of the first ps...	this review presents an epigenetic view on complex factors leading to development and perception of genius . there is increasing evidence which indicates that artistic creativity is influenced by epigenetic processes that act both as targets and mediators of neurotransmitters as well as steroid hormones . thus , p...
lymphomas encompass a spectrum of diseases among which hodgkin s disease ( hd ) is distinct from non - hodgkin lymphomas ( nhl ) . the nodular sclerosis subtype is the most common , occurring in up to three - quarters of all cases . the revised european and american lymphoma ( real ) and world health organisation (...	in the management of patients with lymphoma , imaging is essential not only for diagnosis but also to define prognosis and treatment by staging . imaging is also used to assess the response to treatment that may affect the treatment strategy : new chemotherapeutic drug combinations and autologous stem cell transplant...
this study was conducted in the dental center of university college hospital , a tertiary hospital located in ibadan , oyo state , southwestern nigeria . nigeria , which has a population of > 140 million , is rated as fourth among tb - endemic nations , with a prevalence of 521 cases per 100,000 population during 200...	to determine the prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among dental patients and to assess dentists risk for exposure , we conducted a study among dental patients at a large tertiary hospital in nigeria , a country where tuberculosis is endemic . ten ( 13% ) of 78 sputum samples obtained were positive ...
the human apolipoprotein a - i gene ( apoa1 ) belongs to the apoa1-ciii - aiv gene cluster , located in chromosome 11q23 . this cluster consists of evolutionarily related genes that regulate serum lipid and lipoprotein levels ( karathanasis , 1985 , elshourbagy et al . , 1986 ) . the nucleotide sequence of apoa1 is...	backgroundthere is a growing interest in the role of allelic variants of the apoa1 gene in relation to a number of disorders . we described two common polymorphisms of the apoa1 gene , g-75a and c+83 t and investigated their potential influence on the serum apolipoprotein a - i ( apo a - i ) levels in the native popu...
broadly interpreted , culture , per se , has several practical definitions , including the beliefs , customs , and arts of a particular society , group , place , or time ; a society that has its own ways of life ; and a way of thinking , behaving , or working that exists in a place or organization . we define point o...	goalsthis article a ) defines point of care ( poc ) culture ; b ) presents seven underlying fundamental principles ; c ) describes the importance of needs assessment ; d ) introduces a new innovation , the spatial care path ; and e ) illustrates how poc testing that properly fulfills needs and spatial care paths enable...
the institutional review board at each participating hospital approved this study , and written informed consent was obtained from each study subject . the study was conducted as one of validating processes for assessing motor and nonmotor functions ( scopas , sleep scales , etc . ) in korean patients with pd by rese...	objectiveautonomic symptoms are commonly observed in patients with parkinson s disease ( pd ) and often limit the activities of daily living . the scale for outcomes in parkinson s disease - autonomic ( scopa - aut ) was developed to evaluate and quantify autonomic symptoms in pd . the goal of this study was to tra...
the tumorigenesis of all human cancers can be divided into a series of landmarks that are required to be overcome by a cancer cell . first , the cells within a tissue undergo genetic or epigenetic alterations and acquire the potential to become malignant , whereby they undergo unregulated proliferation and recruit a ...	transforming growth factor- ( tgf- ) family members exert their function via specific type i and type ii serine / threonine kinase receptors and intracellular smad transcription factors , including the common mediator smad4 . the dual effects of tgf- signaling on tumor initiation and progression are cell - specific a...
toxic shock syndrome ( tss ) is an acute , systemic , toxin - mediated illness that typically results in shock and multi - organ failure ( 1 ) . it is usually caused by toxin - producing strains of staphylococcus aureus . in the early 1980s , the use of highly absorbent tampons was associated with the occurrence of...	streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by group b streptococcus ( gbs ) is a rare , but lethal disease . we experienced a 45-year - old woman with pustular psoriasis who developed toxic shock - like syndrome during infliximab treatment . surprisingly , similar episodes recurred three times in one year with resta...
as a service to our authors and readers , this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors . such materials are peer reviewed and may be reorganized for online delivery , but are not copyedited or typeset . technical support issues arising from supporting information ( other than missing files )...	abstracta synthetic approach combining recent concepts for the preparation of multifunctional nanomolecules ( click chemistry on multifunctional scaffolds ) with supramolecular chemistry ( selfassembly to prepare rotaxanes ) gave easy access to a large variety of sophisticated [ 2]rotaxane heteroglycoclusters . speci...
avoidance of donor hla mismatches against which a recipient has formed an antibody is standard practice . as a consequence , hla - sensitized patients are disadvantaged in terms of transplant opportunity . under the uk deceased donor organ allocation scheme , low resolution hla - a , b , cw , dr and dq typing of do...	under current uk standards of deceased donor typing , the formation by the recipient of hla antibody against an allelic variant of a self antigen creates a particular problem for organ allocation . in the reported case , the decision to transplant was taken in the situation of a positive flow crossmatch result attr...
the asian pacific digestive week meeting was held on september 21 - 24 , 2013 in shanghai , china . a multidisciplinary group of international gastroenterologists , hepatologists , endoscopists , digestive surgeons and other health professionals related in the field attended the meeting . endoscopic ultrasound ( eu...	endoscopic ultrasound ( eus ) was one of the important topics in 2013 asian pacific digestive week meeting and some new progresses were highlighted . the global burdens of pancreatic diseases and biliary diseases are increasing . eus is becoming a fundamental tool for this cohort of patients , because of not only i...
it has been attributed to many causes and several mechanisms ( brandt and baloh 2005 ) . strong vascular risk factors are age , hypertension , diabetes mellitus , hyperlipidemia , and cigarette smoking ( bulsara et al 2006 ; olszewski et al 2006 ) . of particular significance due to its commonness is unilateral or ...	backgroundvascular risk factors predispose to vertebrobasilar ischemia . cervical osteophytes can impinge on the vertebral artery causing mechanical occlusion during head turning . presentation with vertigo in such instances is a common finding.case presentationa patient with obesity , hyperlipidemia , hypertension...
the differential diagnosis of choroidal detachment ( cd ) associated with exudative retinal detachment ( erd ) includes vogt - koyanagi - harada disease ( vkh ) , uveal effusion syndrome , metastases , and posterior scleritis . vkh usually affects pigmented races and the incidence of this condition varies greatly ,...	a 65-year - old caucasian male presented to the eye emergency department with bilateral significant visual loss . he was otherwise healthy with no significant past medical history . ophthalmic history was significant for chronic open - angle glaucoma , for which the patient was using latanoprost once daily to both ...
delirium is an acute psychiatric syndrome characterized by a transitory , floating , and important disorganization of cognitive function caused by changes in brain metabolism . it is a frequent problem in hospitalized older patients , with a prevalence of 1456% , depending on the study , and with a hospital mortality...	objective : to determine the impact of delirium on post - discharge mortality in hospitalized older patients.introduction:delirium is frequent in hospitalized older patients and correlates with high hospital mortality . there are only a few studies about its impact on post - discharge mortality.methods:this is a pros...
over the past decade , researchers and clinicians have focused more on the impact of oral health and disease , malocclusion , dental and skeletal appearance and treatment for those conditions on psychological and functional well - being . oral diseases and abnormalities are highly prevalent and can have not only phys...	background : the aim of this study was to determine the impact of malocclusions on oral health - related quality of life ( ohrqol ) among female adolescents.materials and methods : this is an observational cross - sectional descriptive study . a total of 129 female students with age ranges between 14 and 17 years old...
henoch - schonlein - purpura ( hsp ) is a systemic vasculitis , also known as a leukocytoclastic vasculitis of small vessels , resulting in skin , joint , gastrointestinal and renal involvement . hsp may affect both infants and adults , but much rarer in adults than in children . the pathogenesis of hsp remains poo...	helicobacter pylori ( h. pylori ) are one of the most common bacterial infections , seen in humans , worldwide and their possible relationships to different diseases are a focus of attention nowadays . h. pylori may cause some extra intestinal manifestations some of which are dermatological conditions , including hen...
vasculitis of medium- and large - sized arteries is an uncommon disease with an estimated annual incidence rate of 1.2 - 2.6 cases per million . systemic symptoms may manifest in the form of fever , arthralgia , night sweats and weight loss . pulmonary sequestration consists of a nonfunctioning mass of normal lung ...	vasculitis of medium- and large - sized arteries is an inflammatory and stenotic disease characterized by a strong predilection for the aortic arch and its branches . it presents with symptoms and signs as per the vessels and organs involved . pulmonary sequestration is a rare abnormality characterized by a mass of...
reliable information about health status of the community is the prerequisite for planning of service . under national health mission preparation of district health action plan ( dhap ) with present status large scale survey using tool seeking the peoples view on various aspects of health is a common practice . ind...	background : health administrators require status of health of different administrative units under them . use of large number of indicators may create confusion and uncertainty about health status . availability of a comprehensive index is certainly useful.objective:to evolve one comprehensive health index for a d...
in recent years , much effort has been devoted to the development of nanoparticles with the brightest sers possible . while spherical gold and silver colloids have long been used in sers studies , aggregation is typically required to generate the hotspots of electromagnetic field for high sers enhancement...	in the ongoing search for ever - brighter surface - enhanced raman scattering ( sers ) nanoprobes , gold nanostars ( aunss ) have emerged as one of the best geometries for producing sers in a nonaggregated state . despite their high enhancement factor , optical extinction from plasmon - matched nanoparticles ...
most individuals have single renal arteries on either side that originate from the abdominal aorta at the level of the l2 vertebra ( 6 ) ( fig . 1 ) . the right renal artery has a long downward course due to the inferior position of the right kidney and it lies behind the inferior vena cava ( ivc ) . classically , ...	the increased use of laparoscopic nephrectomy and nephron - sparing surgery has prompted the need for a more detailed radiological evaluation of the renal vascular anatomy . multidetector ct angiography is a fast and accurate modality for assessing the precise anatomy of the renal vessels . in this pictorial review ...
for the 8-year period 1996 through 2003 , we reviewed all suspected etec outbreaks solely or jointly investigated by the foodborne and diarrheal diseases branch at the centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) . in accordance with dalton et al . , we defined a confirmed etec outbreak as one in which etec isola...	from 1996 to 2003 , 16 outbreaks of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli ( etec ) infections in the united states and on cruise ships were confirmed . e. coli serotype o169:h41 was identified in 10 outbreaks and was the only serotype in 6 . this serotype was identified in 1 of 21 confirmed etec outbreaks before 1996 .
laparoscopic surgeries are commonly performed under general anesthesia ( ga ) and endotracheal intubation to prevent aspiration and respiratory embarrassment secondary to induction of pneumoperitoneum . regional anesthesia has been surprisingly reserved for patients who are at high - risk while under ga . thoracic ...	background and aims : the use of regional anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been reserved for patients who are at high - risk under general anesthesia ( ga ) . the aim of this study was to assess whether thoracic combined spinal epidural ( cse ) anesthesia is a feasible option for american society of an...
modern organometallic chemistry has been greatly influenced by the accidental discovery of bis(cyclopentadienyl)iron(ii ) ( ferrocene ) in 1951 [ 1 , 2 ] . in fact , ferrocene ( cp2fe ) has been the most extensively studied organometallic species . its applications in catalysis , organic synthesis , and i...	a series of ferrocenyl ester complexes , varying the lipophilic character of the pendant groups , was prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods . the syntheses of fe(c5h4co2ch3)2 , fe(cpcooch3 ) ( cpcoo ch2ch3 ) , and fe(cpcooch2ch3)2 are reported . the solid - state structure...
more than 80% of early abortion is thought to be ascribed to the chromosome abnormality . among the total pregnancy , 12 - 15% ends in miscarriage.1)2 ) however , even after the heart beat is clinically recognized , some embryos do not develop due to unknown causes . severe congenital heart diseases ( chds ) might ...	incomplete development and severe malformation of the heart result in miscarriage of embryos because of its malfunction as a pump for circulation . during cardiogenesis , development of the heart is precisely coordinated by the genetically - primed program that is revealed by the sequential expression of transcriptio...
a 27-year - old man was admitted to the surgical department with right abdominal mass of 10 days ' duration associated with abdominal distension , fever , and constipation . 1 ) , while blood tests showed marked leucocytosis ( white cell count 1510/dl ) . liver function test and tumor markers ( alpha - feto protein...	amebic colitis is common in tropics , usually presenting with variable and non - specific symptoms . amebomas occur rarely , usually in cecum and ascending colon , when they can masquerade as colon carcinoma . this report describes the case of a 27-year - old male who presented with right abdominal mass . radiolo...
schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that has a significant impact not only on patients suffering from the disorder but also on their families.1 the end of traditional institutional care within psychiatric hospitals has led to an emphasis on the importance of emotions and affections within the family and the reco...	family interventions for schizophrenia have been amply demonstrated to be effective and are recommended by most of the international clinical guidelines . however , their implementation in the clinical setting as well as in treatment protocols of patients with psychosis has not been fully achieved yet . with the incr...
throughout the history of human beings , hiv / aids has been one of the greatest challenges that have made the world unable to find an effective cure . since its discovery , over 25 million lives thus , the mortality and morbidity rate of this disease remains high , especially in developing world . the first case o...	background : the effectiveness of a theory - based educational intervention on intension for sexual abstinence among female university students was evaluated.materials and methods : female students were recruited from humanity sciences department through cluster sampling . educational intervention was applied for fou...
all aspects of this research protocol adhered to the tenets of the declaration of helsinki . the institutional review board of seoul national university bundang hospital approved this study and waived the need for informed consent . included patients had clinical findings consistent with tru and intraocular infla...	purposeto evaluate the usefulness of the interferon - gamma release assay ( igra ) for diagnosing tuberculosis ( tb)-related uveitis ( tru).methodsrecords from 181 patients with ocular signs and symptoms suggestive of tru and intraocular inflammation of unknown etiology were reviewed . all subjects underwent clinical...
zinc oxide has substantive advantages including the quests for leds and laser diodes because of its wide band gap ( ~3.37 ev ) and large exciton - binding energy ( 60 mev ) . also , deep level defects ( intrinsic and extrinsic ) in zno can lead to an emission band covering the whole visible spectrum . furthermore...	we report the fabrication of heterostructure white light emitting diode ( led ) comprised of n - zno nanotubes ( nts ) aqueous chemically synthesized on p - gan substrate . room temperature electroluminescence ( el ) of the led demonstrates strong broadband white emission spectrum consisting of predominating peak ce...
writer 's cramp ( wc ) is a task - specific form of focal hand dystonia ( fhd ) characterized by disruption in motor performance specifically occurring during overlearned handwriting . retraining of sensorimotor subroutines is one of the main approaches for the rehabilitation of this movement disorder . therefore ,...	sensorimotor representations of movements are created in the sensorimotor network through repeated practice to support successful and effortless performance . writer 's cramp ( wc ) is a disorder acquired through extensive practice of finger movements , and it is likely associated with the abnormal acquisition of sen...
an ideal percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( pcnl ) puncture has been described as one that provides the shortest and straightest access to all calculi , avoids major vessels , bowel and lung , lies along the axis of the calyx and causes minimal parenchymal damage . sampaio , in his elegant description of the calyceal ana...	introduction : a widely prevalent fear of thoracic complications with the supracostal approach has led to its underutilization in percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( pcnl ) . we frequently use the supracostal approach and compared the efficacy and thoracic complications of infracostal , supra 12th , and supra 11th punctur...
duane 's retraction syndrome ( drs ) is characterized by limitations in horizontal eye movements , globe retraction , and palpebral fissure narrowing on attempted adduction.1 this disorder is caused by an innervational disturbance originating in the brain stem origin and represents < 1% of all presentations of strabism...	duane 's retraction syndrome ( drs ) is characterized by limitations in horizontal eye movements , globe retraction , and palpebral fissure narrowing on attempted adduction . this disorder is caused by a disturbance in innervation originating in the brain stem and represents < 1% of all cases of strabismus . it is ...
pulmonary arterial hypertension ( pah ) is characterized by poor exercise tolerance and impaired functional capacity . in patients with left heart failure ( lhf ) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , similar impairments respond well to exercise rehabilitation.13 until recently , however , exercise rehabilitati...	aimto determine the opinion of health care professionals within australia , regarding acceptable levels of exertion and symptoms , and referral for exercise rehabilitation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension ( pah).methodin 2010 , 76 health care professionals at a specialist pulmonary hypertension meeting ...
prevention is generally known to be an effective measure in reducing dental defects due to negligence of dental care during childhood . moreover , while the selection of a proper preventive measure for any disease drastically draws upon its etiological factors , oral habits are considered as one of the environmental et...	background : given the fact that bruxism is a prevalent oral habit among children and a potential destructor of oral tissues , the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between intestinal parasitic infections and bruxism among kindergarten children.methods:questionnaires were administered among parents of...
even nowadays , it happens too often that an optic neuritis is misdiagnosed for something else . this is due in part to the misconception that a young woman with acute visual loss in one eye has most probably a disease of the optic nerve ; difficulty in pupil examination , incomplete collection of key points in past ...	a 25-year - old female presented to a local hospital for acute onset of a central scotoma in the left visual field . she was visited by the neurologist , and a diagnosis of left retrobulbar optic neuritis was made . magnetic resonance imaging scan was normal . ophthalmic examination revealed a multiple evanescent...
the term hepatic cyst usually refers to solitary nonparasitic cysts of the liver , also known as simple cysts . the precise frequency of liver cysts is not known because most do not cause symptoms , but liver cysts have been estimated to occur in 2.5% to 5% of the population . if the whole liver is involved , polycys...	background : liver cysts have been estimated to occur in 5% of the population . multiple liver cysts can also be part of the polycystic disease complex . only symptomatic or complicated cysts need surgery . traditionally , laparotomy is the procedure of choice . we present our experiences with laparoscopic manage...
pneumocephalus is defined as the presence of air or gas in the intracranial cavity . in the absence of intracranial tumors or infection , it is be usually caused by head and facial trauma or surgical interventions , and more rarely , infection of pneumatized cavities , paranasal tumors , or radionecrosis ( 1 - 4 ) . ...	otogenic pneumocephalus is a condition of intracranial air originating from the middle ear or mastoid air cells . this communication between the intracranial cavity and the pneumatic cavities is usually associated with trauma after cranial fractures or iatrogenic trauma . we present a rare case of otogenic pneumoce...
pyogenic granuloma ( pg ) is benign , nonneoplastic , and the most commonly found lesion in the oral cavity . pgs can be found in all age groups ; however , females are 2 times more frequently affected than males . traumatic injuries , local irritations , hormonal factors , certain kinds of drugs , and even some va...	the total removal of a lesion via excisional biopsy causes gingival recession , resulting in dentin hypersensitivity and esthetical problems . in this case report , a gingival recession defect resulting from an excisional biopsy was treated with a free gingival grafting procedure performed during the same appointment...
drug delivery systems ( dds ) are designed to increase the therapeutic properties of a drug and reduce its side effects . poly lactic - co - glycolic acids ( plga ) , which have been approved by the us fda , are frequently used as biomaterials for drug delivery due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradabi...	specific targeting of tissues and/or cells is essential for any type of drug delivery system because this determines the efficacy and side effects of the drug . poly lactic - co - glycolic acids ( plga ) have long been used as biomaterials for drug delivery due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability...
it is more than three decades since percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) was first used to treat coronary lesions . the treatment of the stenotic lesions of the saphenous vein grafts ( svgs ) still poses a challenge to cardiovascular medicine . nearly half of all svgs tend to become occluded and 40% of the re...	backgroundthe optimal target for revascularization in patients with history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery ( cabg ) is unclear . this study was designed to compare the outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) on saphenous vein grafts ( svg ) and that on native vessels in patients with previous c...
breast carcinoma is the most common cancer in women in western europe and the united states with an incidence highest in the 4055 age range , and its prevalence is still on the rise ( parker et al . it accounts for 40,000 and 14,000 deaths yearly in the us and uk , respectively , and that makes it the second cause of...	background and purposebreast carcinoma is the most common cancer in female patients with a propensity for recurrence and metastases . the accuracy of ultrasound ( us ) , computed tomography ( ct ) , magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) , scintimammography ( smm ) and positron emission tomography ( pet ) in diagnosing t...
we conducted a retrospective longitudinal descriptive study using data from the truven health marketscan commercial claims and encounters database , which covers approximately 45 million individuals per year in the united states and includes private health sector data from approximately 100 payers . our primary objec...	we used a claims database to assess coverage for rotavirus ( rv ) , diphtheria - tetanus - acellular pertussis , and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines among infants in the united states . similar coverage was seen until 7 months of age , after which rv coverage lagged . missed opportunities for vaccination at well - ...
conditions such as puberty , pregnancy and menopause have a significant effect on the oral health of women.1 pregnancy is a period of both joy and anxiety in a woman s life and is characterized by various physiological changes in her body brought about by the circulating female sex hormones.2 a number of oral changes a...	background : cumulative evidence in the dental literature strongly supports the fact that poor oral hygiene practices and inadequate attention toward oral health during pregnancy have an impact on developing the fetus and significant adverse postnatal effects . available literature suggests that the research is defic...
in terms of traffic accident mortality , iran is among the world 's leading countries ( 1 ) . according to the world health organization ( who ) , road crashes are the ninth most frequent cause of death , especially in countries with low or average income ( 2 ) . . moreover , those with high - risk behaviors are mo...	backgroundalthough smoking and drug use are the major causes of accidents and death of drivers , few studies have been conducted on the prevalence of smoking and its associated factors in this occupational group.objectivesthe current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of smoking and its relationship with blood p...
gastric duplication cyst is a rare anomaly that accounts for 27% of all gastrointestinal duplications . most cases are recognized during childhood with nonspecific symptoms , such as nausea , vomiting , weight loss , or an epigastric mass . gastric duplication cyst recently , several pediatric cases with small gast...	abstractgastric duplication cyst is a rare anomaly , and most cases are recognized during childhood . recently , several pediatric cases with small gastric duplication cysts treated by laparoscopic resection have been reported . here , we describe an infant in whom we successfully performed laparoscopic partial gas...
diabetes mellitus is a growing problem worldwide entailing enormous financial burden and medical care policy issues . according to international diabetes federation ( idf ) , the number of individuals with diabetes in 2011 crossed 366 million , with an estimated 4.6 million deaths each year . the reported prevalenc...	plants have always been a source of drugs for humans since time immemorial . the indian traditional system of medicine is replete with the use of plants for the management of diabetic conditions . according to the world health organization , up to 90% of population in developing countries use plants and its product...
therefore , it is necessary to pay attention to these three elements . in terms of body distribution , hence , body pressure is inevitable , and body pressure distribution is a significant concern . in terms of improving patients quality of life , in previous research in addition , the national pressure ulcer...	[ purpose ] this study was performed to investigate the difference in body pressure related sensory changes between the floor and mattress in a static supine position for physiotherapy research . [ subjects and methods ] to analyze body pressure , the body pressure measurement system was used . body pressure...
osteoporosis is a condition of skeletal fragility characterised by decreased bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue , with a consequent increase in risk of fracture . osteoporosis is a worldwide health issue , with a high prevalence of disease not only in western countries but also in asia and ...	marine molluscs are widely distributed throughout the world and many bioactive compounds exhibiting antiviral , antitumor , antileukemic , and antibacterial activity have been reported worldwide . the present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect of methanol extract of euchelus asper ( eame ) on est...
the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes , together with its burden of patient suffering and societal costs , underscores the importance of finding effective strategies for both treatment and prevention of this disease ( 1,2 ) . two clinical constructs for identifying individuals at high risk of developing type 2 ...	objectiveto evaluate over 108 weeks the effect of phentermine and topiramate extended release ( phen / tpm er ) treatment on progression to type 2 diabetes and/or cardiometabolic disease in subjects with prediabetes and/or metabolic syndrome ( mets ) at baseline.research design and methodssubanalysis of a phase 3 , ran...
a 34-year old male with a lifelong history of palpitations was referred for ablation of supraventricular tachycardia . he had already undergone three prior ablation attempts of a parahisian concealed accessory pathway ( ap ) . a diagnostic electrophysiological study orthodromic atrioventricular reentry tachycardia ...	a perceived distinctive feature of cryoablation is the stability ( cryoadherence ) of the catheter tip during cold temperatures at the desired location , even during tachycardia . we report the case report of a young patient with a parahisian accessory pathway where stability of the ablation catheter was not achieved...
homocysteine ( hcy ) is a sulfur amino acid which functions as a precursor for l - methionine synthesis and is associated with the metabolism of folic acid and vitamin b1 . elevated hcy level , i.e. , hyperhomocysteinemia could result in different angiopathies through the impairment of endothelial function , increase...	background : hyperhomocysteinemia was believed to be an independent risk factor for stroke and associate with small vessel disease ( svd ) related stroke and large vessel disease ( lvd ) related stroke differently . however it 's still unclear which type of stroke associated with homocysteine ( hcy ) more strongly be...
salivary gland tumors are rare and make up to 3% of head and neck tumors . approximately 90% of the benign neoplasm of the major salivary gland is associated with the parotid gland . pa of the submandibular and sublingual gland is quite uncommon and comprises rest ( 810% ) of the group . in a recent asian study , s...	pleomorphic adenoma ( pa ) is the most common tumor of the benign salivary gland neoplasms , and the most common gland to be involved is the parotid gland . its occurrence in the submandibular or the sublingual gland is uncommon . we present a case of a histologically proven pa involving the submandiblular gland .
laparoscopic surgery is a well - established surgical technique for a variety of procedures . in recent years these efforts include the reduction of the diameter of the port size , the reduction in the number of the laparoscopic access [ 15 ] , and the introduction of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (...	introduction . single - incision laparoscopic surgery ( sils ) is a virtually scarless technique . a retrospective analysis is performed to evaluate an initial experience of this surgical approach . materials and methods . from january 2010 to october 2011 , sils was considered as a minimally invasive approach to...
hookah smoking has gained popularity in the eastern mediterranean region and appears to be developing into a behavioral norm . however , in the past two decades , it has increased in popularity in other parts of the world and has spread to women and youth . hookah is a generic name for tobacco use methods that shar...	background : in iranian women , the use of hookah is the most common method of tobacco smoking . this study aimed to find the role of psycho - social needs and gaps as a possible risk factor for hookah smoking initiation in women.methods:this qualitative study was conducted during 20122013 in tehran , iran . thirty...
cancer of the prostate ( pca ) is the most common solid neoplasm in europe with an incidence of 21.400 cases per 100.000 men . in germany , every year pca is newly diagnosed in 58.000 men with an average age of 69 years and is currently the third most common cause of cancer death . besides radical prostatectomy ( ope...	objectives and aimsto avoid damage to the ureters during bladder neck preparation in radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer , it may be helpful to insert ureteral stents temporarily or to intravenously administer indigo carmine dye for enhanced visualisation of ureteric orifices . we evaluated our bladder neck pre...
vogt koyanagi harada s ( vkh ) disease is a multisystemic disease reported to be rare in sub - saharan africa . vogt , koyanagi , and harada first described the initial set of patients at different stages of the disease.13 the disease was said to be common in asian patients.4 here we describe two nigerian patients ...	vogt koyanagi harada s ( vkh ) disease has been reported to be rare in sub - saharan africa . two nigerians with the disease are presented in this report . the first patient , a 32-year - old pregnant nigerian woman presented with a 1-month history of bilateral blurring of vision , persistent headache , and alopeci...
renal scintigraphy has provided a clinically important functional evaluation of renal transplants since the beginning of the transplantation era . nuclear medicine scanning and flow studies remain the primary means for evaluating vascular supply to the transplant after surgery . although the sensitivity of renal sc...	a young male patient with end stage renal disease underwent renal allograft having dual arterial supply . immediate post - operative urine output dropped , an urgent technetium-99m - mercaptoacetyltriglycine ( 99mtc - mag3 ) renogram revealed non - visualized upper - half and the preserved perfusion and parenchymal f...
patient data : the medical records of 43 dogs with nasal carcinomas treated with radiation therapy at the rakuno gakuen university veterinary teaching hospital ( rgu - vth ) between april 2004 and june 2012 were reviewed . all dogs had received biopsy before radiation therapy and had been diagnosed with carcino...	abstractapoptosis , ki-67 and survivin expression have been reported as prognostic values in human cancer treated with radiation therapy . the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the outcome of canine nasal carcinomas treated with radiation therapy and these cancer markers . the apopto...
the presence of a complete hydatidiform mole with a viable coexisting fetus ( cmcf ) is reported to occur in one in 22,000100,000 pregnancies . risk factors of a complete hydatidiform mole include extremes of maternal age and previous history of the gestational trophoblastic disease ( gtd ) . molar pregnancies are as...	a complete hydatidiform mole with a viable coexisting fetus ( cmcf ) is a rare occurrence . similarly , mullerian anomalies such as a bicornuate uterus are uncommon variants of normal anatomy . we report a case of a 40-year - old female with a known bicornuate uterus presenting at 13 weeks gestation with vaginal blee...
bond functionalization has enabled the direct generation of nucleophilic partners without requiring prefunctionalization . h bonds to polarized bonds are particularly efficient and atom - economical for the assembly of heteroatom substituted products . due to the vast number of diverse aldehydes that are c...	the development of operationally straightforward and cost - effective routes for the assembly of heterocycles from simple inputs is important for many scientific endeavors , including pharmaceutical , agrochemical , and materials research . in this article we describe the development of a new air - stable c...
may hegglin anomaly ( mha ) is a rare hematological disorder , inherited as an autosomal dominant trait , within the family of myosin heavy chain ( mhc ) disorders , including fechtner syndrome , sebastian syndrome , epstein syndrome , and alport - like syndromes.14 this group is also known as myh9-related disorders (...	we report a case of may hegglin anomaly ( mha ) in a woman who had a successful labor and delivery under epidural anesthesia . mha is an inherited thrombocytopenia easily misdiagnosed as idiopathic ( immune ) thrombocytopenic purpura ( itp ) . early and appropriate diagnosis of mha during pregnancy is essential fo...
neuroendocrine tumors ( nets ) are a group of malignant tumors that are believed to originate from neuroendocrine cells found throughout the body . most nets , like other tumors , are clinically silent , producing symptoms only as a consequence of tumor growth . pancreatic nets ( pnets ) can originate within the pa...	most neuroendocrine tumors ( nets ) , like other tumors , are clinically silent , producing symptoms only as a consequence of tumor growth . pancreatic nets account for only 1% of pancreatic cancers by incidence , while representing 10% of all pancreatic cancers by 28-year limited duration prevalence . here , we pr...
insulin resistance ( ir ) and impaired insulin secretion are the main pathogeneses in impaired glucose tolerance ( igt ) and type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) . several researchers have suggested that ir already exists before blood glucose abnormalities in diabetic patients [ 1 , 2 ] and that hyperinsulinemia occurs...	aim . to evaluate the differences in insulin resistance ( ir ) among subjects with normal glucose tolerance ( ngt ) , hyperinsulinemia with ngt ( hins ) , impaired glucose tolerance ( igt ) , and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) . methods . 5 ngt , 25 hins , 25 igt , and 25 t2 dm subjects particip...
myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death worldwide . urgently needed are the therapies that facilitate replacement of damaged cardiac tissue with new functional cardiomyocytes . in principle , the damaged heart could be regenerated by transplanting cardiomyocytes differentiated in vitro from a variety of cellu...	the adult mammalian heart is increasingly recognized as a regenerative organ with a measurable capacity to replenish cardiomyocytes throughout its lifetime , illuminating the possibility of stimulating endogenous regenerative capacity to treat heart diseases . unlike mammals , certain vertebrates possess robust capac...
pharmacopuncture is a new acupuncture therapy that can be used along with the more traditional acupuncture and moxibustion . it is a distinctive oriental treatment in which a herbal extraction is injected into specific acupoints related to the disease . first , highly effective herbs are selected based on the diagn...	objectives : this study was carried out to analyze the single - dose toxicity of shinyanghur ( syh ) herbal acupuncture injected into the muscles of sprague - dawley ( sd ) rats.methods:the syh herbal acupuncture was made in a clean room at the korean pharmacopuncture institute ( kpi , korea - good manufacturing practi...
filtering facepieces are respiratory protective devices frequently used to reduce inhalation exposure to particulate contaminants . most filtering facepieces used today are made of electret filtering materials ( materials with electrical charges on the fibers)1 . referring to these materials , there are mainly two ...	penetration measurements through commercially available filtering facepieces were performed with monodisperse dehs aerosols ranging from 0.03 m to 0.40 m ( either singly charged or neutralized ) , before and after 500 mg of paraffin oil loading . the distinct behavior of coulomb and polarization capture efficiency is...
paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease caused by paragonimus trematodes , commonly known as the lung fluke . the most common species , paragonimus westermani , is distributed mainly in south korea , japan , india , and other southeast asian countries . human paragonimiasis is caused by ingestion of raw or incomplete...	in korea , many people enjoy eating raw or underkooked freshwater crayfish and crabs which unfortunately may cause paragonimiasis . here , we describe a case of pulmonary and abdominal paragonimiasis in a 9-year - old girl , who presented with a 1-month history of abdominal pain , especially in the right flank and th...
several infants are admitted to nicus every day for different reasons , with premature birth being the main reason ( 1 ) . according to statistics , in 2010 , one in every 10 infants was born preterm , which adds up to a total of 15 million premature births throughout the world ( 2 ) . the human brain is developed ...	introductiondevelopmental care provided to infants hospitalized at neonatal intensive care units ( nicu ) help weaken environmental stressors and reduce infant morbidity rates . assessments are the first step to improving the quality of any type of care . therefore , this study was conducted to design and assess the ...
the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on the rise globally and has reached epidemic proportions in many countries . the number of adults affected by the disease in 2011 was 366 million , which is projected to increase to 552 million by 2030 . an estimated 25.6 million americans ( 11.3% of the population ) have type ...	the purpose of this pilot study was to investigate type 2 diabetes risk among asian indians of kerala ethnicity living in a west texas county of the usa . the study used a descriptive correlational design with thirty - seven adult nondiabetic asian indian subjects between 20 and 70 years of age . the measurement in...
the rate of plasma transfusion in the us per 1,000 population is more than twice that of other developed countries , leading some to suggest that it is being overused in the usa . plasma transfusion can be complicated by numerous different adverse events , including volume overload , transfusion related acute lung in...	plasma is used to correct coagulopathies , but not all coagulation abnormalities are clinically significant enough to require correction before an invasive procedure . we report an 82 year old female who , in response to a mildly prolonged inr of unknown etiology , was unnecessarily transfused with plasma in advance ...
it consists of 3 dimensions : positive affectivity , negative affectivity , and life satisfaction . a person possesses high subjective wellbeing when she or he experiences positive affects more frequently , negative affects less frequently , and high life satisfaction . wellbeing is considered as a significant indi...	background : wellbeing is one s evaluation and judgment of one s life . it consists of 3 dimensions : positive affectivity , negative affectivity , and life satisfaction.objectives:this study aimed to compare the subjective wellbeing and positive future expectations between working and nonworking adolescents.patients...
in critically ill patients , acute kidney injury ( aki ) is associated with a high mortality [ 15 ] ; however , the mechanism(s ) responsible for the increased mortality and morbidity risks associated with aki remain elusive . aki frequently complicates sepsis or septic shock [ 1 , 6 , 7 ] . so - called septic aki ha...	purposesepsis commonly contributes to acute kidney injury ( aki ) ; however , the frequency with which sepsis develops as a complication of aki and the clinical consequences of this sepsis are unknown . this study examined the incidence of , and outcomes associated with , sepsis developing after aki.methodswe analyze...
patients were retrospectively identified from a single center with the ohio state university s information warehouse ( iw ) , a computerized data analysis tool that validates and cleanses patient information incorporated from multiple electronic sources . patients with a discharge diagnosis of diabetes ( icd-9 code 2...	objectiveto explore the relationship between inpatient diabetes education ( ide ) and hospital readmissions in patients with poorly controlled diabetes.research design and methodspatients with a discharge diagnosis of diabetes ( icd-9 code 250.x ) and hba1c > 9% who were hospitalized between 2008 and 2010 were retrospe...
the lumbar artery perforator ( lap ) flap provides excess skin and subcutaneous fat tissue from the lower back to upper buttock , known as love handles , without removing any donor muscle . moreover , the donor - site post - operative scar can be hidden with high - rise underwear . the free lap flap has recently bee...	the lumbar artery perforator ( lap ) flap , which contains excess skin and fat tissue , love handles , that extends from the lower back to upper buttock , may provide an alternate tissue source for autologous breast reconstruction . however , lap flap use during this procedure frequently requires vessel interposition...
the adaptive beamforming has found wide applications in many aspects , such as radar , sonar , biomedicine , radio astronomy , and wireless communication . with loss of generalization , adaptive beamforming aims to adjust the main lobe of array beam pattern to focus on the direction of signal of interest ( soi ) and ...	the performance of the conventional adaptive beamformer is sensitive to the array steering vector ( asv ) mismatch . and the output signal - to interference and noise ratio ( sinr ) suffers deterioration , especially in the presence of large direction of arrival ( doa ) error . to improve the robustness of traditiona...
one of the goals of periodontal therapy is the predictable regeneration of the periodontium in areas previously affected by periodontal disease . histological and ultrastructural studies have demonstrated that dental roots that have been exposed to the oral cavity or to the periodontal pocket present reduced co...	dental roots that have been exposed to the oral cavity and periodontal pocket environment present superficial changes , which can prevent connective tissue reattachment . demineralizing agents have been used as an adjunct to the periodontal treatment aiming at restoring the biocompatibility of roots.objectiveth...
evolocumab and alirocumab are monoclonal antibodies that bind to proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 ( pcsk9 ) and inhibit its interaction with ldl receptors . the addition of evolocumab or alirocumab to background statin therapy has achieved significant and sustained reduction in low - density lipoprotein chole...	proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 ( pcsk9 ) inhibitors have emerged as a novel treatment option in patients with hypercholesterolemia . evolocumab and alirocumab have achieved consistent and significant ( around 60% ) reduction in low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl - c ) levels when added to statin th...
the majority of environmental factors and toxicants do not have the ability to alter dna sequence or promote genetic mutations directly . however , many environmental factors can promote abnormal phenotypes or increase the risk of disease . early life exposures during critical windows of development are one of the ...	environmental factors can induce epigenetic alterations in the germ cells that can potentially be transmitted transgenerationally . this non - genetic form of inheritance is termed epigenetic transgenerational inheritance and has been shown in a variety of species including plants , flies , worms , fish , rodents , p...
since , their initial introduction in the 1960s , composite resins have undergone improvement in all areas , including aesthetics , wear , and handling . however , high - polymerization shrinkage continues to represent major disadvantages . previous research has shown polymerization shrinkage to lead to bond failure ...	aim : to evaluate the effect of application a new - generation bulk - fill flowable composite resin as an intermediate material between composite resin and dental substrates on micro - leakage in class v composite restorations.materials and methods : a total of 144 class v cavities were prepared in 72 human molars . ...
ductal carcinoma in situ ( dcis ) of the breast is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous disease with different malignant potentials [ 1 , 2 ] . the risk of local recurrence after breast - conserving surgery only ( bcs ) is rather high and even higher than after surgery for invasive breast cancer [ 3 , 4 ] . in ...	introduction . about half of all new ipsilateral events after a primary ductal carcinoma in situ ( dcis ) are invasive carcinoma . we studied tumor markers in the primary dcis in relation to type of event ( invasive versus in situ ) . methods . two hundred and sixty - six women with a primary dcis from two sour...
a multilumen central venous catheter is the preferred vascular access route for critically ill patients requiring multiple drug infusions , parenteral hyperalimentation , and other potentially incompatible drugs . the complexity of delivering these substances becomes more difficult when the size and...	background : multilumen catheters are commonly used in critically ill children . their use , however , is associated with significant morbidity . we studied the simultaneous administration of incompatible drugs using a new triple - lumen catheter with decreased length and port to port distances.methods:...
in the current demographic context , aging and neurodegenerative diseases are well known and very much discussed in the media as they become a very important societal issue . aging is usually related to decline and losses of various kinds . individuals diagnosed with alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) have now access to pha...	this literature paper investigated the efficacy of 14 cognitive intervention programs administered to healthy elderly participants . psycinfo and pubmed databases were searched using the following terms : cognitive training , cognitive stimulation , elderly , and aging . the majority of participants ( 13/14 studies...
acute pyelonephritis complicates approximately 1 - 2% of pregnancies , and is one of the leading causes of nonobstetric antepartum hospitalization [ 1 , 2 ] . earlier epidemiological data showed an incidence as high as 10% , but with improved antenatal surveillance , the incidence of acute pyelonephritis has decrease...	introduction . pyelonephritis is a common complication of pregnancy . it is also exacerbated by immunocompromised states and also the sickle cell gene . we reviewed this condition in jamaican women . method . we did a six year hospital database docket review . we found 102 confirmed cases . results . py...
the human microbiota ( the ecological community of commensal , symbiotic , and pathogenic microorganisms present in our body ) or microbiome ( entire genome sequence of a microbial community ) [ 1 , 2 ] has recently emerged as an important factor in human physiology , both under homeostatic ( health ) and pathological ...	the pancreas plays a central role in metabolism , allowing ingested food to be converted and used as fuel by the cells throughout the body . on the other hand , the pancreas may be affected by devastating diseases , such as pancreatitis , pancreatic adenocarcinoma ( pac ) , and diabetes mellitus ( dm ) , which generall...
the study was carried out on 24 male calves from the foka dairy farm in isfahan province . calves were separated from their dam immediately after birth , weighed , and housed unrestrained in separate stalls that were bedded with wood shavings . calves were fed fresh cow 's milk twice a day ( 60 ml / kg ) by a bott...	objectiveto evaluate the effect of orally administered cisapride , bethanechol , and erythromycin on the absorption of colostral igg in dairy calves.animalstwentyfour healthy neonatal holsteinfriesian calves.procedurescalves were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments : 0.9% nacl solution ( 2 ml , po ; n...
	recent reports demonstrate that many currently used pesticides have the capacity to disrupt reproductive function in animals . although this reproductive dysfunction is typically characterized by alterations in serum steroid hormone levels , disruptions in spermatogenesis , and loss of fertility , the mechanisms invo...
hand hygiene is globally acclaimed to be the most cost - effective method for preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistance and reducing healthcare - associated infections ( hcais ) . in a study conducted in 2012 , it was found that there were significant deficiencies in the hand hygiene practices of the medical ...	objective . the study was conducted to study the impact of various measures instituted to improve hand hygiene practices of the medical students after having documented poor hand hygiene awareness and compliance in a study conducted in 2012 . methods . a self - designed questionnaire based on world health organizat...
	alphavirus - based replicon systems are frequently used as preclinical vectors and as antigen discovery tools , and they have recently been assessed in clinical vaccine trials . typically , alphavirus replicon rnas are delivered within virus - like replicon particles ( vrp ) that are produced following transfection of ...
bulk segregant analysis ( bsa ) coupled with high - throughput sequencing is a widely used method to associate genomic regions to complex traits ( 1,2 ) . identifying these regions , commonly known as quantitative trait loci ( qtl ) , is a fundamental step toward understanding the genomic component of phenotypic vari...	identification of genomic regions associated with a phenotype of interest is a fundamental step toward solving questions in biology and improving industrial research . bulk segregant analysis ( bsa ) combined with high - throughput sequencing is a technique to efficiently identify these genomic regions associated wit...
pulmonary vein ( pv ) stenosis is a relatively uncommon complication of radiofrequency ablation ( rfa ) therapy for arrhythmias , caused by thermal injury of the vessel wall ( 1 ) . this condition is usually asymptomatic , and but in severe cases can lead to pulmonary venous infarction , resulting in respiratory symp...	pulmonary vein ( pv ) stenosis is a complication of ablation therapy for arrhythmias . we report two cases with chronic lung parenchymal abnormalities showing no improvement and waxing and waning features , which were initially diagnosed as nonspecific pneumonias , and finally confirmed as pv stenosis . when a pati...
perioperative red blood cell ( rbc ) transfusion may increase the adverse effect such as acute hypersensitive reactions , coagulopathy , acute respiratory problems , and infections . particularly the increase of intraoperative blood transfusions in cardiac surgery can makes chances to meet the problems like postopera...	backgroundperioperative transfusion of red blood cell ( rbc ) may cause adverse effects . bloodless - cardiac surgery has been spotlighted to avoid those problems . off pump coronary artery bypass ( opcab ) surgery can decrease the transfusion . however , the risk factors of transfusions in opcab have not been in...
clear cell ependymoma is a recently recognized rare variant of ependymoma that is largely composed of round clear tumor cells with few , if any , characteristic patterns of ependymomas such as true ependymal rosettes , or perivascular pseudorosettes , which may be misdiagnosed as oligodendroglioma , central neurocytoma...	clear cell ependymoma was included in the world health organization classification of the nervous system in 1993 , and all the reported cases , except for two in the spinal cord , were located in the brain , mainly in the supratentorial compartment . astrocytomas outnumber ependymomas in the spinal cord , and the two...
as in most technical and medical fields , impressive developments have occurred in recent years in the technological aspects of digital photography and the possibilities of digital documentation . digital medical photography allows a professional view of novel clinical cases in cranio - maxillofacial surgery . visual...	in maxillofacial surgery , digital photographic documentation plays a crucial role in clinical routine . this paper gives an overview of the evolution from analog to digital in photography and highlights the integration of digital photography into daily medical routine . the digital workflow is described and we sho...
we present a case of neonatal ipa that on the basis of location , symptoms , and ultrasonographic ( us ) findings , was initially believed to be an inguinal hernia , which is a more common disease in newborns . however , because of an elevated white blood cell count ( wbc ) and c - reactive protein ( crp ) , abdom...	iliopsoas abscess ( ipa ) is rare in neonates . we present a case of neonatal ipa that was initially believed to bean inguinal hernia . a 20-day - old male infant was referred to our hospital for herniorrhaphy after a 2-day history of swelling and bluish discoloration of the left inguinal area and leg without limit...
epstein barr virus ( ebv ) infection has a worldwide distribution and a high prevalence among adult population , with more than 90% seropositivity . acute infection with ebv during childhood is common but mainly asymptomatic , whereas it presents as typical infectious mononucleosis with clinical signs such as fever ,...	acute acalculous cholecystitis ( aac ) is a rare complication of epstein barr virus ( ebv ) infection , with only a few cases reported among pediatric population . this clinical condition is frequently associated with a favorable outcome and , usually , a surgical intervention is not required . we report a 16-year ...
there has been a significant increase over the past few decades in the prevalence of maternal overweight ( body mass index , bmi 25 kg / m ) and obesity ( bmi 30 kg / m ) . in the united states , data from the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system in nine states indicated that pre - pregnancy obesity incr...	background . the period surrounding pregnancy has been identified as a risk period for overweight / obesity in both mother and child because of excessive gestational weight gain ( gwg ) . the promotion of a healthy gwg is therefore of paramount importance in the context of the prevention of obesity in the current and...
benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) is the most prevalent of all conditions in aging men with a population prevalence in the 40 to 79-year age group ranging from 14% to 56% in different countries . bph can be a progressive disease and may progress to acute urinary retention ( aur ) and bph - related surgery . men ...	purposewe aimed to determine the treatment of choice criteria for benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) by analyzing the factors causing alpha - adrenergic receptor blocker ( -blocker ) monotherapy failure.materials and methodsthis retrospective study enrolled 129 patients with bph who were prescribed an -blocker . pa...

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