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the loss of visual function from glaucoma is directly caused by structural damage to retinal ganglion cells and their axons , resulting in retinal nerve fiber layer ( rnfl ) loss .
therefore , identifying and assessing retinal nerve fiber layer defects are important for diagnosing and managing glaucoma .
optical co... | backgroundidentifying and assessing retinal nerve fiber layer defects are important for diagnosing and managing glaucoma .
we aimed to investigate the effect of refractive correction error on retinal nerve fiber layer ( rnfl ) thickness measured with spectralis spectral - domain optical coherence tomography ( sd - oc... |
prenatal care ( pnc ) is a widely used preventive health service , and it is recognized as being important for the health of pregnant women and their babies .
there is an international consensus that the initiation of pnc visits should start during the first trimester of pregnancy .
the early initiation of pnc and ... | purpose .
the purpose of this study was to investigate the individual characteristics and perinatal outcomes of women who initiate prenatal care late in their pregnancy in the tokyo metropolitan area .
methods . retrospective study .
the study enrolled all women at our hospital who initiated prenatal care after 2... |
the donor site is limited around the medial canthus , which results in excess skin traction and distortion .
although a basic principle of an eyelid reconstruction is the use of neighboring tissues for matched skin color and texture , medial canthal reconstruction involves two different facial esthetic units : the ar... | a 77-year - old woman presented with a 1-year history of a right medial canthal tumor , which was histopathologically diagnosed as a basal cell carcinoma .
after removal of the tumor with a 4-mm safety margin , the defect occupied the areas superior and inferior to the medial canthal tendon .
we first reconstructed... |
the diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and is often delayed ; nearly 15% of iatrogenic tracheal injuries from emergency intubations are identified at post - mortem .
the recognition that post intubation tracheal rupture ( pitr ) has a distinct etiology , characteristic pattern of injury and a high periopera... | tracheal rupture is an infrequent , severe complication of endotracheal intubation , which can be difficult to diagnose .
post - intubation tracheal rupture ( pitr ) is distinct from non - iatrogenic causes of tracheobronchial trauma and often requires different treatment .
the increasing adoption of pre - hospital... |
federal regulations require hospitals to submit medicare cost reports as a prerequisite to medicare payment .
each participating hospital must submit the report to its designated fiscal intermediary ( fi ) and must do so within 90 days of the close of the hospital 's fiscal year ( fy ) .
the fi 's receipt of the co... | hospitals seeking medicare payment are required to submit medicare cost reports to their respective fiscal intermediaries , who in turn are required to desk review and sometimes audit the reports . the reviewed or audited report is considered more reliable than the originally submitted report and provides the basis for... |
implant placement in the posterior region of the jaw presents great occlusal and surgical challenges [ 14 ] . for a successful single - molar replacement , a balance between functional and parafunctional forces and
the capacity of the implant to support prosthesis is critical ; otherwise , increased load conditions c... | introduction . to evaluate outcomes of wide - diameter ( 6 mm ) implants immediately provisionalized with cement - retained single crowns in posterior molar sites . materials and methods .
forty - eight consecutive patients received a total of 53 moderately rough - surface , 6 mm diameter implants in healed sites .... |
anastomotic leakage may lead to prolonged hospital stay , reintervention , sepsis , and even death [ 16 ] . besides a very complicated postoperative recovery
, anastomotic leakage can have lifelong impact , with a high risk of a permanent stoma and increased risk of fecal incontinence [ 710 ] .
the current incidenc... | purposethe present study was performed to get a better insight in the incidence of anastomotic leakage leading to reintervention when using the c - seal : a biodegradable sheath that protects the stapled colorectal anastomosis from leakage.methodsthe c - seal is a thin walled tube - like sheath that forms a protective ... |
the australian health care system has a fundamental focus on providing access to safe and most appropriate care for the person 's health care needs in the timeliest manner . as with most westernized countries , health care reform in australia is warranted in response to demographic shifts resulting in an aging populati... | the role of the australian nurse practitioner ( np ) is in its infancy and at a crossroads where extensive research demonstrates effective quality care and yet the role remains underrecognised and underutilised .
the translation of practice into value is critical for the sustainability of np roles and requires the ... |
we recruited 65 subjects who provided informed consent : 33 subjects with type 1 diabetes ( 13 recently diagnosed [ diabetes duration < 5 years ] and 20 with longer - term diabetes [ > 10 years ] ) and 32 age- and sex - matched control subjects with no cardiac history or diabetes .
all subjects were without evidence ... | objectivewe used speckle tracking echocardiography to study the early changes in left ventricular ( lv ) torsion in young patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes and stress magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) to assess its interrelationships with coronary microangiopathy.research design and methodswe recruited 33 as... |
s - adenosyl - methionine ( same ) is a methyl donor that is most commonly used in the treatment of mild - to - moderate depression and osteoarthritis and as a liver - protective agent.1 although its use in serious depression is still controversial,2,3 its involvement in the synthesis of such neurotransmitters as norep... | backgrounds - adenosyl - methionine ( same ) is a common add - on treatment used to counteract depressive symptoms in subjects with mild - to - moderate depression , who are low responders to other antidepressant drugs .
however , there is some concern about the possible impact of same therapy on homocysteine levels ... |
the nutritional benefits of linum usitatissium seed , more commonly known as flaxseed , are of significant interest as flax is seen as healthy .
oil is the main constituent of flaxseed , with more than 70% of the oil composed of polyunsaturated fat .
flaxseed oil is the richest source of the essential omega-3 fatty... | the kinetics , energetics , and structure of cyclolinopeptide a binding with human serum albumin were investigated with surface plasmon resonance and circular dichroism .
the complex is formed through slow recognition kinetics that is temperature sensitive in the range of 20c37c .
the overall reaction was observed ... |
changes in communication , brought about by neurological disorders , are most often defined and described in terms of the individual 's impairments of speech and voice ( dysarthria ) or language ( aphasia ) .
different aspects of speech and language can be measured and quantified using clinical tests and instrumental... | the aim of this study was to examine if atypical parkinsonism affects the communicative ability in conversational interaction .
fifteen persons close to individuals with atypical parkinsonism answered a questionnaire , assessment of change in communicative interaction ( acci ) , estimating perceived change in inter... |
usual interstitial pneumonia ( uip ) is the most common of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias ( iips).1 uip can be idiopathic ( idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis , ipf ) , may be secondary to certain inhalational exposures and medications , or occur in the context of connective tissue diseases ( ctds ) .
the detectio... | usual interstitial pneumonia ( uip ) is the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonia ( iip ) and is associated with a poor prognosis and poor responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapy .
we present a case of a woman with steroid - responsive biopsy - proven uip with significant and sustained improvement in pulm... |
the list of prokaryotic names with standing in nomenclature ( lpsn ) , available at http://www.bacterio.net , was established in 1997 as the of list of bacterial names with standing in nomenclature ( lbsn ) , which was available for downloading via an ftp server ( 1 ) .
it subsequently was published online on 28 janu... | the list of prokaryotic names with standing in nomenclature ( lpsn ; http://www.bacterio.net ) is a database that lists the names of prokaryotes ( bacteria and archaea ) that have been validly published in the international journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology directly or by inclusion in a validation lis... |
blind individuals compensate their lack of visual input by improving sensitivity to auditory or somatosensory inputs .
this type of plasticity is known as cross - modal plasticity [ 1 , 2 ] .
although dynamic cortical reorganization among different sensory areas seemed to be critical for cross - modal plasticity , ... | early loss of one sensory system can cause improved function of other sensory systems .
however , both the time course and neuronal mechanism of cross - modal plasticity remain elusive .
recent study using functional mri in humans suggests a role of the prefrontal cortex ( pfc ) in cross - modal plasticity .
sinc... |
since its introduction in 1973 , x - ray computed tomography ( ct )
has revolutionized medical imaging and become a cornerstone of
modern radiology . improved resolution and reduced dose
are
two critical requirements in biomedical applications and remain
the focus of ct research and development .
the rapid ... | x - ray imaging is of paramount importance for clinical and preclinical imaging but it is fundamentally restricted by the attenuation - based contrast mechanism , which has remained essentially the same since roentgen 's discovery a century ago .
recently , based on the talbot effect , groundbreaking work was reporte... |
it is a common gynecological condition that affects up to 22% of all women , 8 - 15% of women of reproductive age and 6% of premenopausal women .
most of the reported cases occurred in gynecologically induced abdominal or pelvic scars , including hysterectomy , episiotomy , caesarean section and laparoscopy .
it is... | endometriosis is defined as the presence of a functioning endometrium outside the uterus .
abdominal wall endometriosis is a rare entity .
most of the abdominal wall endometriosis occurs in or around surgical scars following caesarean section or hysterectomy .
we report a case of scar endometriosis following caes... |
several factors affecting bile content and bile flow are involved in the complex pathogenesis of gallstones . in hypothyroidism , not only the risk for gallbladder stones [ 1 , 2 ] , but also the risk for common bile duct ( cbd ) stones in particular is increased [ 35 ] .
impaired liver cholesterol metabolism , dimin... | for decades , one well - known risk factor for the development of gallbladder stones has been hypothyroidism .
recent studies have interestingly reported that the risk in particular for common bile duct ( cbd ) stones increases in clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism .
there are multiple factors that may contrib... |
the primary goals in the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis ( ais ) are to achieve a well - balanced spine , arrest deformity progression , and maintain correction by achieving a solid arthrodesis .
however , progression of the scoliotic deformity after posterior spinal fusion has been described... | study designretrospective chart and radiographic review.purposeto assess the incidence of and variables associated with spinal deformity progression after posterior segmental instrumentation and fusion at a single institution .
progression of the scoliotic deformity after posterior instrumented spinal fusion has been... |
despite major progress in the treatment of acute stroke it remains one of the most devastating neurological conditions and substantial economic costs are incurred due to stroke - related disability .
cardiac complications such as arrhythmias , ischemic heart injury , or sudden death resulting from cardiovascular auto... | objective : this study aimed to evaluate changes in the autonomic nervous system caused by cerebral lesions due to acute stroke .
we assessed heart rate variability and catecholamine levels in lieu of stroke lesion localization.materials and methods : a total of 60 stroke patients and 31 healthy controls were enrolle... |
this study was conducted at the national taiwan university hospital ( ntuh ) , a 2,500-bed tertiary medical center in northern taiwan where 8,000 clinical visits occur daily .
we evaluated all patients registered in the hospital s mycobacterial laboratory database with cultures positive for ntm or m. tuberculosis dur... | we analyzed samples from 13,652 patients who had respiratory cultures positive for mycobacteria in taiwan during 20002012 and found that 56.9% were positive for nontuberculous mycobacteria ( ntm ) .
whereas annual prevalence of tuberculosis decreased during the study period , prevalence of ntm disease and colonizatio... |
field emission is quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons through the surface potential barrier into vacuum , which has been widely exploited in vacuum electronic applications including electron guns , microwave tubes , and flat panel displays .
vertically aligned nanowire array ( vana ) shows excellent field emiss... | an indium tin oxide ( ito)-coated vertically aligned nanowire array is fabricated , and the field emission characteristics of the nanowire array are investigated . an array of vertically aligned nanowires is considered an ideal structure for a field emitter because of its parallel orientation to the applied electric fi... |
ocular biometry is an essential procedure in ophthalmology as it is used to calculate the optical power of the intraocular lens ( iol ) that replaces the cataract lens in pseudophakic cataract corrections.1,2 an integrated component of optical biometry is accurate measurement of the axial length ( al ) of the eye , the... | backgroundthe primary objective of this study was to investigate the level of agreement between iol - master and ob-820 ocular biometers.materials and methodsin this prospective randomized case series , we measured the anterior chamber depth ( acd ) , the axial length ( al ) , the corneal radii ( r1 , r2 ) , the ratio ... |
image 1specificationsorganism / cell line / tissuehomo sapiens / hesc line hues6/differentiating human embryonic stem cellssexfemalesequencer or array typehumanht-12 v4data formatraw and processedexperimental factorsvariation of cell signaling factor stimulation ; time - course expression profiling at daily intervals d... | cardiac induction of human embryonic stem cells ( hescs ) is a process bearing increasing medical relevance , yet it is poorly understood from a developmental biology perspective . anticipated technological progress in deriving stably expandable cardiac precursor cells or in advancing cardiac subtype specification prot... |
driving ability of older drivers is reduced due to the overall dysfunction involved in the
natural aging process1 .
almost half of all
drivers are older , and their accident rate has continued to increase2 , 3 . therefore ,
recently , elderly driving experts have committed to the screening of at - risk older dr... | [ purpose ] this study analyzed the cognitive functions according to risk level for the
driver 65 plus measure , and examined the cognitive basis of self - assessment for screening
the driving risk of elderly drivers .
[ subjects and methods ] a total of 46 older drivers
with a driver s license participated in ... |
we purchased 14 different type of human cancer human tissue microarray sections ( lung , 49 ; breast , 49 ; thyroid , 10 ; pancreas , 10 ; gallbladder , 9 ; larynx , 9 ; esophagus , 10 ; liver , 10 ; cervix , 10 ; ovary , 10 ; stomach , 10 ; prostate , 9 ; kidney , 9 ; and endometrium , 9 sections ) and normal tissues ... | background : macrophages are a component of a tumor s microenvironment and have various roles in tumor progression and metastasis .
this study evaluated the relationships between tumor - associated macrophage ( tam ) density and clinical outcomes in 14 different types of human cancers.methods:we investigated tam dens... |
a 42-year - old woman presented with a history of 15 days of short - term memory loss .
she complained of generalized weakness and voice changes over the previous 3 months . on physical examination , she had mild bilateral ptosis .
chest x - ray revealed a right hilar mass and chest computed tomography showed a 5 c... | a 42-year - old woman with short - term memory loss visited gangnam severance hospital , and her chest x - ray and computed tomography revealed a right anterior mediastinal mass . on hospital day two , she suddenly presented personality changes and a drowsy mental status , so she required ventilator care in the intensi... |
biology 's entry into the genomic era during the past decade has led to new scientific challenges concerning not only the characterization of organism 's genomes , but also their expression levels . among the various types of investigations supported by dna microarray technologies ( 17 ) , transcriptome analyses are th... | oligoarraydb is a comprehensive database containing pangenomic oligonucleotide microarray probe sets designed for most of the sequenced genomes that are not covered by commercial catalog arrays .
the availability of probe sequences , associated with custom microarray fabrication services offered by many companies and... |
it is well established that prenatal intervention via open hysterotomy is limited by preterm labor despite recent advances in tocolysis .
endoscopic surgical techniques are now enabling the repair of select complex congenital anomalies such as diaphragmatic hernia . despite the target organ system for repair
we are... | background and objectives : prenatal interventions may prevent some sequelae of congenital anomalies , yet open fetal surgery is limited by preterm labor .
we are developing amnioscopic strategies to reduce risks for in utero surgery.methods:seven fetal sheep were accessed percutaneously under ultrasound guidance , v... |
ovarian cancer remains a major health problem worldwide , with over 225,000 new cases and 140,000 deaths reported annually.1,2 symptoms associated with ovarian cancer are often nonspecific , and the majority of patients continue to present with advanced disease , where the cost of treatment is high and the survival rat... | transvaginal ultrasonography ( tvs ) is an integral part of all major ovarian cancer screening trials .
tvs is accurate in detecting abnormalities in ovarian volume and morphology , but is less reliable in differentiating benign from malignant ovarian tumors . when used as the only screening test
, tvs is sensitive... |
modern public health practice still lacks strong political support.1 neither managers nor public health professionals appear to be succeeding in their attempt to improve the health of the public .
this is evidenced by the enormous waste of resources on downstream interventions because of the absence of work upstream ... | since the burden of disease has shifted towards non - communicable diseases and public health management , there is a greater need to direct resources to address risk factors of the diseases rather than the diseases themselves .
the downstream agenda focused on treatment services and is still an important problem at ... |
the relationship between various work - related conditions and health outcomes is
well - documented especially in the united states and europe .
a classical study by
karasek1 advocates the job strain model
which claims that demanding work conditions and a lack of autonomy in decision - making at
workplace lea... | this paper examines the relationship between the inequality in workplace conditions and
health - related outcomes in japan .
it analyzes the effect of changes in the work conditions
and work arrangements on the subjective health , activity restriction , and depression
symptoms , using the japanese life course p... |
hypertension is a progressive cardiovascular disease that arises from many differing but inter - related etiologies .
early markers of the syndrome are often present before there is a sustained rise in blood pressure ( bp ) elevation .
hypertension therefore , can not be classified solely using discrete bp paramete... | hypertension is a progressive cardiovascular syndrome that arises from many differing , but interrelated , etiologies .
hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular disorder , affecting 20% to 50% of the adult population in developed countries .
arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular d... |
insects cause economically important damage on crop yield by direct feeding damage , defoliation , and transmission of plant viruses . although biological control methods have been developed for some insect species ( daz et al . , 2012 ) , chemical insecticides , based on varying modes of action ,
are still used in l... | most animals , including pest insects , live in an odor world and depend strongly on chemical stimuli to get information on their biotic and abiotic environment .
although integrated pest management strategies including the use of insect growth regulators ( igrs ) are increasingly developed , most insect pest treat... |
benign intracranial tumors , with exception of pituitary adenomas , rarely present with a hemorrhagic event .
while hemorrhage in most intracranial tumors like gliomas and metastatic lesions will present as intracerebral hemorrhage , the peculiarity of hemorrhagic transformation in meningiomas is that such hemorrhage... | sudden - onset monoplegia with features of vomiting and headache usually signals an intracranial cerebrovascular event . we describe a 62-year - old man in whom this presentation was the result of the rare occurrence of an almost complete hemorrhagic transformation of a falcine meningioma with resultant acute interhemi... |
paraquat ( 1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridilium dichloride , pq ) is a widely used contact and nonselective quaternary nitrogen herbicide .
it was first introduced in agriculture in 1962 and has caused thousands of human deaths , either by accidental or voluntary ingestion .
the toxicity of paraquat is based on its induct... | exposure to paraquat leads to acute lung injury and oxidative stress is widely accepted as a contributor to paraquat - induced acute lung injury .
recent studies have reported that consumption of water with dissolved molecular hydrogen to a saturated level ( hydrogen water ) prevents oxidative stress - induced diseas... |
periodontal disease , including gingivitis and periodontitis , is considered to be one of the most common diseases among population and , if left untreated , can lead to tooth loss .
the main cause of periodontal disease is bacterial plaque although many other factors such as hormonal changes , diabetes , poor nutrit... | objectives . the aim of this study was to evaluate levels of oral health knowledge of periodontal disease among nondental university students . materials and methods .
two hundred and fifty university students ( mean age 20.1 years 2.5 ) were recruited into this study .
the participants completed a structured ques... |
the physiological balance of sera in neurocritical patients can be easily destroyed after a major surgery such as decompressive craniectomy .
the course of coagulopathy due to major bleeding during and after the surgery would accelerate the imbalance of acid - base equilibrium of our blood.16 ) biomarkers such as art... | objectiveof many critical care regimens , the management of physiological disturbances in serum is particularly drawing an attention in conjunction with patient outcome .
the aim of this study was to assess the association of serum biochemical markers with mortality in head trauma patients with decompressive cranioto... |
demyelinating diseases , such as multiple sclerosis ( ms ) , the major demyelinating disease of humans affects not only young adults , but also children . it is the leading cause of neurological deficit in north america and western europe .
it is characterized by the patchy destruction of the myelin sheath around the... | the pathogenesis of ms is unknown . in our studies
, we have demonstrated an important role for citrullinated myelin basic protein ( mbp ) . the accompanying loss of positive charge compromises the ability of mbp to interact with the lipid bilayer .
the conversion of arginine to citrulline in brain is carried out b... |
palatal rugae are transverse ridges of the mucosa located at the upper jaw , on the anterior portion of the hard palate .
the number , shape , width , height , and location of palatal rugae vary from the left side of the palate to the right side as well as from one person to another , and are unique to every individu... | abstractthe purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphological structure of palatal rugae in turkish orthodontic subjects with different sagittal skeletal malocclusions .
orthodontic dental casts of 105 patients ( class i [ 23 females , 12 males ] ; 35 , class ii [ 18 females , 17 males ] ; and 35 , class iii [ ... |
bacterial chemotaxis is one of the best - studied signal networks in biology , having been exhaustively investigated with genetics , biochemistry , and mathematical modeling ( 1 ) .
hence , it is exciting when a brand - new player in the process is discovered . in the july / august issue of mbio , howitt and colleagu... | abstractfor almost 50 years , escherichia coli has been the model for understanding how bacteria orient their movement in response to chemical cues , but recent studies of chemotaxis in other bacteria have revealed interesting variations from prevailing paradigms . investigating the human pathogen helicobacter pylori ... |
dental fear / anxiety and behavior management problems in pediatric patients are two major aspects of uncooperativeness in pediatric dentistry . whilst psychological techniques are the cornerstone of behavior management in pediatric dentistry , a number of children can not cope with dental treatment using these techniq... | pharmacological sedation is an alternative behavior management strategy in pediatric dentistry .
the aim of this study was to compare the behavioral and physiologic effects of commercially midazolam syrup versus orally administered iv midazolam dosage form ( extemporaneous midazolam ( ef ) ) in uncooperative pedi... |
a dentistry drill was used to remove two samples of bone powder from an area where a larger sample had previously been removed for carbon dating .
two extracts ( e1406 , e1843 ) were prepared from 25 mg and 10 mg of bone powder , respectively , as described .
five libraries were produced from the two extracts using... | neanderthals are thought to have disappeared in europe ~39,00041,000 years ago but they have contributed one to three percent of the dna of present - day people in eurasia1 . here , we analyze dna from a 37,00042,000-year - old2 modern human from petera cu oase , romania .
although the specimen contains small amounts... |
it is not unusual for women to suffer from osteoporosis and breast cancer after
menopause1,2,3,4 .
the incidence of these two diseases has been reported to be related
to estrogen levels . since estrogen stimulates the mitosis of breast cells , it can also
promote the occurrence and growth of breast cancer .
e... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between breast
density and bone mineral density after menopause .
[ subjects and methods ] the subjects were
130 patients who participated in a bone densitometry test and had a mammogram taken
between january 1st , 2013 to october 1st , 2014 ... |
metabolic syndrome ( ms ) is a clustering of several cardiometabolic risk factors , including central obesity , hypertension , hyperglycemia , and dyslipidaemia .
ms is an important health concern due to its relation with increased risk of coronary heart disease ( chd ) .
however , other factors such as genetic pre... | background : metabolic syndrome is the constellation of several cardiometabolic risk factors , and is associated with a heightened risk of coronary heart disease ( chd ) .
the pro - oxidant antioxidant balance ( pab ) is a measure of factors that promote and control oxidative stress .
pab may also be associated wi... |
ioct may be used in both full - thickness and lamellar keratoplasty procedures as an aid to decision - making . in penetrating keratoplasty
, ioct helps to delineate the anterior segment architecture in cases with extensive synechiae or corneo - iridic scars and help avoid iris trauma during initial trephination .
... | intraoperative optical coherence tomography ( ioct ) is a noninvasive imaging modality that provides a real - time dynamic feedback of the various surgical steps .
comprehensive literature search was performed in medline using intraoperative optical coherence tomography and ioct as keywords .
the use of ioct as... |
based on an article by the who , mortality of children under 5 years has decreased up to 5% while noncommunicable diseases ( ncds ) mortality has increased from 59% in 2002 to 69% of deaths in 2003 . moreover , a significant increase in hiv mortality from 2.8 million to 6.5 million and a rapid change in smoking mortali... | background : the rapid rise in noncommunicable diseases ( ncds ) is one of the main health challenges affecting the global development in the present era .
this raising challenge is a major threat to countries socioeconomic development as well as millions of people health.methods:it was a retrospective study with ana... |
acl ruptures are a common injury in orthopaedic practice . the acl is frequently replaced by a tendon autograft or allograft to restore normal knee laxity and to prevent the development of early osteoarthritis induced by persistent abnormal laxity .
reconstruction techniques were improved over the last 10 years ,... | purposehistological analysis of the remodelling process of human hamstring tendon ( ht ) grafts after standardized anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction ( aclr ) with an accelerated rehabilitation protocol.methodssixty-seven patients underwent retrieval of mid - substance biopsies after clinically successful hamstr... |
this surveillance project was a collaboration between mexican public health officials , nongovernment organizations , and the university of california , san diego ( ucsd ) .
the project was approved by the institutional review boards of tijuana general hospital and ucsd .
our binational research team of us and mexi... | to detect early cases of pandemic ( h1n1 ) 2009 infection , in 2009 we surveyed 303 persons from marginalized populations of drug users , sex workers , and homeless persons in tijuana , mexico .
six confirmed cases of pandemic ( h1n1 ) 2009 were detected , and the use of rapid , mobile influenza testing was demonstra... |
the driving forces and resulting pathways governing the transition of proteins from their unfolded state to their native state remain unanswered fundamental questions for biophysics . as the misfolding of proteins
has been associated with a number of diseases , the understanding of the folding process has important p... | in this brief review we discuss the evolution of recent thought regarding the role and mechanism of osmolytes with respect to protein stability .
osmolytes are naturally occurring intracellular compounds that change the protein folding landscape .
contributions from experiments are considered in the context of curr... |
elderly acute myeloid leukaemia ( aml ) , generally defined as aml in a patient who is more than 60 years of age , is a clinical entity distinct from the aml in younger adults or children . unlike in younger adults with aml in which the treatment is straightforward and
the goal is cure with intensive chemotherapy , t... | whereas in younger patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) treatment is straightforward and the goal is cure , the optimal treatment decision for older adults remains highly controversial .
physicians need to determine whether palliation , something beyond palliation , intensive therapy , or an inves... |
hbv and hcv infections can result in chronic liver diseases , including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma , while hiv infection can result in severe opportunistic diseases ( 1 ) . according to the world health organization ( who )
, more than 240 million people with hbv infection and 150 million people with hcv ... | background : hepatitis b , hepatitis c and hiv infections constitute serious healthcare problems worldwide.objectives:there are a limited number of studies regarding the prevalence of hepatitis b , hepatitis c and hiv infections among the drug addicts in turkey ; hence , the current study aimed to determine the frequen... |
on an international scale , access to palliative radiotherapy varies with geographic region , health care system , and sociodemographic factors [ 1 , 2 ] . the presence of waiting lists might cause distress , unnecessary symptom burden , and under certain circumstances compromised outcomes , at least if long waiting ti... | aims . to evaluate whether reduced waiting time influences survival of patients treated with whole - brain radiotherapy ( wbrt ) for brain metastases .
materials and methods .
retrospective intention - to - treat study including 110 patients treated with primary wbrt ( typically 10 fractions of 3 gy ; no other tre... |
the gonadotropin releasing hormone ( gnrh ) neurons are central to sexual and behavioral maturation and the control of gnrh secretion is fundamental to reproductive maturation .
the gnrh neurons are the fundamental regulator of the pulsatile release of gnrh required for puberty and fertility .
the root of ginseng (... | korean red ginseng ( krg ) has been used worldwide as a traditional medicine for the treatment of various reproductive diseases .
gonadotropin releasing hormone ( gnrh ) neurons are the fundamental regulators of pulsatile release of gonadotropin required for fertility . in this study , an extract of krg ( krge ) was ... |
a 64 year old male presented with exertional breathlessness progressing in severity over six months .
he had been diagnosed to have dilated cardiomyopathy with non sustained atrial tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia elsewhere and advised implantation of a defibrillator .
review of electrocardiograms showed rec... | atrial arrhythmias rising from the regions of the atria that are in close proximity to each other may pose a challenge in identifying the chamber to map and ablate in . in this report
, we discuss a patient with left atrial tachycardia which initially mimicked right atrial tachycardia .
we discuss the origins of th... |
a cholesterol granuloma consists of fibrous granulation tissue containing cholesterol crystals that are surrounded by foreign body giant cells ; the occurrence of this disease in the breast is very rare .
it is not difficult to distinguish a cholesterol granuloma from a breast carcinoma on histological examination ; ... | cholesterol granuloma of the breast is a rare , benign disease . here ,
we present the unique ultrasonographic findings of breast cholesterol granuloma manifesting as an intracystic mass . the findings of this case report may help expand existing knowledge regarding differential diagnosis of intracystic breast masses... |
since first described in 1964 there were several case reports of classical sweet 's syndrome and sweet 's syndrome complicating infections or medications in the medical literature .
sweet 's syndrome in human immunedeficiency virus infection ( hiv ) is extremely rare and until date , there are only few case reports .... | sweet 's syndrome is an uncommon dermatosis and can be associated with a wide variety of illnesses including infections and malignancies .
sweet 's syndrome as a dermatological manifestation in human immunedeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection is rarely reported .
furthermore , called acute febrile neutrophilic dermat... |
a 35-year - old male patient presented with a swelling of the right upper eyelid of 10 years duration .
the swelling which was initially the size of a peanut started increasing in size since the last 1 year , causing drooping of the upper eyelid .
there was no history of ocular trauma , previous surgery or any syst... | a 35-year - old male patient presented with a right upper eyelid mass with mechanical ptosis .
the patient gave no history of trauma or surgery . on examination
, there was a huge cystic mass fixed to the tarsal plate .
excisional biopsy with tarsectomy was done .
histopathology sections demonstrated a keratin ... |
wegener 's granulomatosis ( wg ) , which has been recently renamed as granulomatosis with polyangitis ( gpa ) is a systemic vasculitis involving small and medium vessels .
although classical gpa presents with a triad of upper respiratory tract , pulmonary and kidney involvement , uncommonly patients with atypical pre... | a 52-year - old female was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and was on methotrexate and prednisolone .
she developed fever , cough , hemoptysis , and cavitary lesion on chest skiagram .
she was put on antitubercular therapy without any improvement , meanwhile she developed painful right foot drop .
clinicoradi... |
according to the us department of health and human services , mental illness is characterized by alterations in thinking , mood or behavior associated with distress and impaired function .
mental illness is a global public health concern . according to the world health organization , one out of four ( 25% )
the pre... | background : the indian population suffers with significant burden of mental illness . the prevalence rate and its association with age and other demographic indicators are needed for planning purpose.objective:this study attempted to calculate age - wise prevalence of mental illness for rural and urban settings , and ... |
tuberculosis ( tb ) is an old disease that has been known as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide ( 1 , 2 ) .
regardless , one of every three humans is infected with the tb pathogen . according to the world health organization ( who ) , 7.1 billion people worldwide are infected with tb and mor... | background : pathogenic mycobacteria are a major cause of human morbidity and mortality .
mycobacterium tuberculosis is an etiological agent of human tuberculosis ( tb ) .
designing new vaccines , including dna vaccines , may be a useful strategy for preventing tb.objectives:the purpose of this study was to design ... |
relevant published english - language articles were identified by searching the medline database ( national library of medicine , bethesda , md ) , embase , and cochrane reviews ( the cochrane collaboration ) through march 2010 and by a manual bibliography check .
the medline search was as follows , with similar term... | objectivegestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and is associated with a substantially elevated risk of adverse health outcomes for both mothers and offspring .
physical activity may contribute to the prevention of gdm and thus is crucial for dissecting the vicious ... |
to report visual and anatomic outcomes of chronic macular hole surgery , with analysis of pre - operative oct - based hole size and post - operative closure type .
an irb - approved , retrospective case series of 26 eyes of 24 patients who underwent surgery for stage 3 or 4 idiopathic chronic macular holes at a terti... | purpose : to report visual and anatomic outcomes of chronic macular hole surgery , with analysis of pre - operative oct - based hole size and post - operative closure type.settings and design : an irb - approved , retrospective case series of 26 eyes of 24 patients who underwent surgery for stage 3 or 4 idiopathic chro... |
deoxyribozymes are catalytic dna oligonucleotides ( 1,2 ) derived by in vitro selection ( 3,4 ) .
they are not only convenient models for studying nucleic acid catalysis , but are also suited for biotechnological applications .
the advantages offered by catalytic dnas include high chemical stability ( 5 ) , low cos... | rna - cleaving deoxyribozyme 8 - 17 has been increasingly used in nanotechnology and biosensing applications .
conventional methods to equip 8 - 17 with fluorescent signaling property usually involve covalent attachment of two dyes at nucleotide positions that are far away from the catalytic core , such that the bulk... |
the most common human diseases have a complex aetiology involving both genetic and environmental factors . genome - wide association studies ( gwas ) applying a selected set of single nucleotide polymorphism ( snp ) covering the entire genome have recently become popular and quite successful methods in search for genet... | the geira ( gene - environment and gene gene interaction research application ) algorithm and subsequent program is dedicated to genome - wide gene - environment and gene
gene interaction analysis .
it implements concepts of both additive and multiplicative interaction as well as calculations based on dominant , r... |
in 1994 , the congress of the international federation of gynecology and obstetrics ( figo ) defined stage ia1 squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix as microscopic tumor with stromal invasion no greater than 3 mm in depth and 7 mm in width .
the standard treatment for this stage of disease consists of a complete remo... | microinvasive squamous cell cervival carcinoma is characterized by an exceptional incidence of lymph nodal metastasis .
we report the case of a 45-year - old woman affected by ia1 squamous cell carcinoma , found to have massive pelvic lymph nodal metastasis . after a systematic pelvic and aortic selective lymphadenec... |
image 1organism / cell line / tissuestreptococcus pneumoniae d39sexn / asequencer or array typeoligo - based dna microarraydata formatraw and processedexperimental factors5 mm versus 0 mm aspirinexperimental featuresaspirin - dependent gene expression was explored by microarray comparison of s. pneumoniae d39 wild - ... | aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid ( asa ) is a medicine used to treat pain , fever , and inflammation . here , we for the very first time reported the genome - wide transcriptional profiling of aspirin - regulated genes in streptococcus pneumoniae in the presence of 5 mm aspirin in chemically - defined medium ( cdm ) us... |
we report a rare patient who developed cerebellar ataxia and optic neuritis following recovery from plasmodium vivax ( pv ) malaria , which is usually a mild and uncomplicated disease compared to plasmodium falciparum ( pf ) .
furthermore , we discuss the differentials of malarial neurological manifestations and the ... | acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ( adem ) is commonly seen after viral and bacterial infections , immunization , and plasmodium falciparum ( pf ) malaria .
plasmodium vivax ( pv ) rarely causes adem .
we report a 14-year - old female patient who presented with acute onset bilateral cerebellar ataxia and optic n... |
the second leading cause of blindness worldwide is glaucoma , which involves optic neuropathy and the progressive loss of the retinal ganglion cells ( rgcs ) , resulting in visual field defects ( 1 ) .
depending on its etiology and the dynamics of the aqueous humor , glaucoma is classified into primary and secondary ... | introductionaxonal degeneration and retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma is associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha ( tnf- ) , which is an important pro - inflammatory cytokine .
the aim of this study was to determine the association between the risk of open angle glaucoma ( oag ) in the egyptian populatio... |
classically , it is believed that adaptive helper t ( th ) cells underlie the pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis ( ad ) ( bieber , 2008 ) and psoriasis ( nestle et al . , 2009 ) .
for example , t helper type 2 ( th2 ) cells produce hallmark type 2 cytokines il-4 , il-5 and ... | innate lymphoid cells ( ilcs ) are part of a heterogeneous family of innate immune cells with newly identified roles in mediating immunity , tissue homeostasis and pathologic inflammation . here
, we review recent studies delineating the roles of ilcs in the pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory skin disorders and th... |
a previously healthy 38-year - old caucasian female sought medical attention because of excoriated acne . a small , pigmented papule in the malar region of unknown duration was incidentally noted during physical examination ( figure 1 ) .
dermatoscopy revealed some structures resembling brownish ovoid nests indicatin... | poroma is a benign adnexal neoplasm with atn
poroid/ductal differentiation that mimics benign and malignant skin tumors .
histopathology shows circumscribed proliferation of poroid cells intermingled with a variable number of cuticular cells .
we report a case of pigmented poroma located on the face that simulate... |
metastasis to the oral cavity rarely occurs and constitutes 1% of all oral cavity malignancies , and has mostly been found in the jaws compared to the soft tissues .
metastasis to the jaw bones mainly occurs in the posterior region of the mandible , ramus , and the condyle , which are rich in red bone marrow .
meta... | the purpose of the present article was to review the characteristics of the jawbone metastases to analyze all variables .
a relevant english literature search in pubmed , scopus , and google scholar was performed .
all variables such as age , gender , primary and secondary tumor sites were analyzed .
there were 4... |
myeloid sarcoma ( ms ) is a tumorous aggregate of malignant immature granulocytes , monocytes , or both involving any extramedullary site .
although first described by burns in 1811 , it was king in 1853 who coined the term chloroma based on the green color of the tumorous mass attributable to the enzyme myeloper... | myeloid sarcoma ( ms ) is a neoplasm of immature granulocytes , monocytes , or both involving any extramedullary site .
twenty one patients with ms at diagnosis who were treated at king hussein cancer center in jordan were included in this retrospective study with a male to female ratio of 2 : 1 .
the most common... |
unfortunately , the nomenclature and the classification of these tumors are complex and not consistent over a period of time .
the complexity and the inconsistency in its classification have resulted in usage of a large number of terms and classification systems , resulting in confusion in understanding the pathophys... | an otherwise healthy 19-year - old female patient had painless swelling in her left buccal mucosa .
no precipitating factors were identified .
pathological analysis demonstrated the mass to be a masson 's hemangioma , a papillary proliferation of thin - walled capillaries intimately associated with thrombus . a ver... |
work at young ages could give rise to plenty of physical and mental disorders . during industrial revolution ,
materialistic and inhumane abuse of children left abject conditions in industrial societies ( 1 ) .
child labor refers to forcing children to work at the age of childhood , i.e. children under 14 years old... | background : this study aimed to calculate the child labor rate and establish the factors affecting this phenomenon in the less developed provinces of iran.methods:this study has used the secondary data of population and housing census gathered by iranian statistical center in 2011 .
the data belonged to 14859 childr... |
guillain - barr syndrome ( gbs ) is an autoimmune inflammatory peripheral neuropathy disease , which results from an aberrant organ specific immune response that affects primarily the myelin sheath of the proximal portion of peripheral nerves . in approximately 60 - 70% of patients
, gbs is triggered by a preceding a... | guillain - barr syndrome ( gbs ) represents a diverse spectrum of diseases , with variable pathophysiological mechanisms , clinical manifestation , presentation pattern , and degree of severity .
we report a rare case of fatal fulminant gbs complicated with myocarditis during the course of illness . |
this mediation is done through preventive services they provide to their children such as dietary habits supervision , oral hygiene performance and other practices . in this context , the important role of mothers in establishing lifelong positive attitudes and behaviors has been documented .
infancy and toddlerhood ... | objective : the prenatal period is the best time for health interventions . the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different methods of anticipatory guidance presentation on the change of knowledge and attitude of pregnant women regarding oral healthcare in the mother , infant and toddler.materials and me... |
we tested well - defined risk groups for hiv and parenterally transmitted infections to more precisely determine the transmission route of parv4 .
autopsy tissue samples used in this project were obtained from the edinburgh medical research council ( mrc ) hiv brain and tissue bank at the western general hospital , e... | transmission routes of parv4 , a newly discovered human parvovirus , were investigated by determining frequencies of persistent infections using autopsy samples from different risk groups .
predominantly parenteral routes of transmission were demonstrated by infection restricted to injection drug users and persons wi... |
the ubiquity of computers in our lives is undisputed . for every modern - age college student
it is virtually a must to own or have access to a computer for him or her to succeed in course work .
almost every assignment in today 's classroom requires some computer work , be it researching literature , performing ca... | computer literacy plays a critical role in today 's life sciences research . without the ability to use computers to efficiently manipulate and analyze large amounts of data resulting from biological experiments and simulations , many of the pressing questions in the life sciences could not be answered .
today 's und... |
it is related to vehicles that physically carry a computer with a storage device and a limited telecommunication module ( usually wi - fi ) between remote areas in order to effectively create a data communication link . a delay - tolerant network ( dtn )
is an architecture that provides a common method for interconne... | this paper investigates the feasibility of using boats as data mule nodes , carrying medical ultrasound videos from remote and isolated communities in the amazon region in brazil , to the main city of that area .
the videos will be used by physicians to perform remote analysis and follow - up routine of prenatal exam... |
men are affected twice as commonly as women , with peak incidence being at 30 years of age .
ureteral stones contribute to 20% of all urinary tract stones , 70% of which are located in the distal ureter .
fifty percent of patients have a recurrence of renal colic within 5 years of the first episode .
medical expu... | purposeto compare the safety and efficacy of tamsulosin and tamsulosin with the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor tadalafil in combination with prednisolone as medical expulsive therapies for lower ureteric stones.materials and methodsbetween july 2011 and december 2012 , 62 adult patients presenting with distal ureteric s... |
congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction ( cnldo ) occurs in up to 70% of neonates at delivery . however , only 6%20% of all neonates have symptoms , because the obstruction usually resolves spontaneously before lacrimal secretion begins.1 the main presentation of nasolacrimal obstruction is watering ( epiphora ) and m... | purposeevaluation of efficiency , complications , and advantages of pushed monocanalicular intubation using masterka tube versus simple probing in patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction ( cnldo).patients and methodsthis is a case - controlled study that included 60 eyes ( of 53 patients ) ; 30 eyes unde... |
in recent years , polymerization - induced
self - assembly ( pisa ) has
become a widely recognized route for the synthesis of many types of
diblock copolymer nano - objects . compared to post - polymerization processing techniques ( solvent exchange ,
film rehydration , or ph switch ) , pisa is much more effici... | polymerization - induced
self - assembly ( pisa ) has become a widely
used technique for the rational design of diblock copolymer nano - objects
in concentrated aqueous solution .
depending on the specific pisa formulation ,
reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer ( raft ) aqueous
dispersion polym... |
breast cancer , with the incidence of 2% annually ( 1 ) , is one of the most common malignancies among iranian women ( 2 ) and the lowest mean age in the middle east ( 3 ) .
although its treatments such as surgery , radiotherapy , chemotherapy and hormonal therapy reduce mortality rates of breast cancer , each may le... | backgroundupper extremity lymph edema is the most common side effect of breast cancer treatment that may produce significant physical and psychological morbidity .
pain is the frequent symptom of lymph edema that causes impairment of activities in daily life.objectivesthe aim of this study was assessment of the effec... |
although patients with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis or pulmonary arterial
hypertension can have normal spo2 at rest , some will show oxygen
desaturation after submaximal exercise .
(
,
) end - exercise pao2 decreases after maximal exercise , and
submaximal steady - state exercise was found to be an i... | objective : to determine the probability of oxygen desaturation in healthy individuals
undergoing the incremental shuttle walk test ( iswt ) .
methods : we enrolled 83 healthy subjects : 55 males ( including 1 smoker ) and 28
females .
we determined pre - iswt fev1 , fev6 , hr and
spo2 , as well as post - isw... |
diabetic microvascular disease , one of the most important complications in diabetes mellitus ( dm ) , has been considered a major cause of health impairment world - wide .
many biochemical mechanisms have explained the structural and functional abnormalities associated with overexposure of the vascular tissues to hy... | background : aldose reductase ( ar ) is the rate - limiting enzyme in the glucose metabolism , which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications ( mvcs ) .
frequent c-106 t polymorphism in the promoter of the ar gene may change the expression of the gene.aims:the aim of the followi... |
supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659 - 011 - 0023 - 7 and is accessible for authorized users .
| one rare tetracyclic macroline - type indole alkaloid , named rauvoyunine a ( 1 ) , and two new picraline - type alkaloids rauvoyunines b and c ( 2 and 3 ) were isolated from the aerial parts of rauvolfia yunnanensis .
their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis .
compounds 2 a... |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a main cause of mortality in both developed and developing countries .
copd is a respiratory disease characterized by progressive and partially reversible airflow limitation , which results from an emphysematous destruction of the lung parenchyma and increased airway ... | backgroundchronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a major public health problem worldwide .
the aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of optic neuropathy in copd patients.methodsforty patients diagnosed with copd and 60 healthy subjects as control group enrolled .
after examination by a pulmonary sub... |
autoimmune pancreatitis ( aip ) is a benign disease that was first reported in 1961 .
it can occur as a primary disease of the pancreas ( type 2 ) or as part of a systemic disease produced by igg4-positive lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the involved organs associated with elevated igg4 blood levels ( type 1 ) .
... | autoimmune pancreatitis ( aip ) can be chronic or recurrent , but frequently completely reversible after steroid treatment .
a cystic lesion in aip is a rare finding , and it can mimic a pancreatic cystic neoplasm .
difficulties in an exact diagnosis interfere with treatment , and surgery can not be avoided in some... |
type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) is becoming a common worldwide disease with epidemic proportions in many populations .
environmental changes promoting unhealthy behaviours and development of obesity and overweight around the world have been suggested as the principal causes .
in addition , related diabetes compl... | t2 dm is today considered as world - wide health problem , with complications responsible of an enhanced mortality and morbidity .
thus , new strategies for its prevention and therapy are necessary . for this reason ,
the research interest has focused its attention on tlr4 and its polymorphisms , particularly the r... |
it has been well accepted that hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease . on the other hand ,
some previous studies [ 25 ] observed that hypocholesterolemia was associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer . to our knowledge
, there is only one previous study that inve... | the association between hypocholesterolemia and lung cancer risk has been confirmed in some studies . the purpose of the study was to determine whether preoperative hypocholesterolemia ( below normal range ) is a prognostic factor for survival after nonsmall cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) resection .
two hundred and sixt... |
they are opportunistic and associated with some health - related infections ( 1 , 2 ) .
such bacterial infections , particularly in patients hospitalized at intensive care units , are very dangerous ( 3 ) .
in addition , colonization rates are rising among hospitalized patients , especially those hospitalized for a... | backgroundacinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii ( acb ) complex are gram - negative opportunistic bacteria with low virulence properties .
their resistance to antibiotics has become a matter of concern in hospital infections.objectivesthe present study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilit... |
interleukin-33 ( il-33 ) is a recently described member of the il-1 family , which includes il-1 , il-1 , il-18 , and il-1ra .
interleukin-33 is the ligand of the st2 receptor , also termed t1 , t1/st2 , st2l , st2-rs1 , der4 , fit-1 , ly-84 , or il-33r , a member of the toll - like receptor / il-1r superfamily [ 3 ,... | interleukin-33 ( il-33 ) is a recently described member of the il-1 family .
il-33 acts as an alarmin , chemoattractant , and nuclear factor .
st2 , a member of the toll - like receptor / il-1r superfamily , the receptor of il-33 , triggers a plethora of downstream effectors and leads the activation of nfk - b , le... |
inducing apoptosis in tumor cells is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of both solid and lymphatic tumors .
the tnf family member tumor necrosis factor - related apoptosis - inducing ligand ( trail ) is an apoptotic mediator that has received much attention , due to its ability to bring about cell de... | tumor necrosis factor - related apoptosis - inducing ligand ( trail ) is currently being investigated as a therapeutic agent for a variety of malignancies , as it triggers apoptosis specifically in transformed cells .
however , trail use as a stand alone therapeutic is hampered by the fact that many primary tumor cel... |
it is well known that dental caries is a multifactorial infectious disease caused by aciduric and acidogenic bacteria that is a major oral health problem affecting 6090% of schoolchildren and also adults.1 since the 19 century , the best practice in treating dental caries has been physical amputation of softened tissue... | objectives : the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of ozone alone and with a re - mineralizing solution following application on initial pit and fissure caries lesions in permanent molars.methods:forty children ( 912 years ) having non - cavitated fissure caries lesions on bilateral 40 first permanent ma... |
computed tomography ( ct ) has emerged as an important diagnostic tool in clinical medicine . its use has grown exponentially over the years , rising from 3 million in 1980 to 67 million in 2006 , an equivalent of a 600% increase from 1980 to 2006 .
this significant rise in frequency also brings into question the lev... | objectives . to compare the effectiveness of the bismuth breast shield and partial ct scan in reducing entrance skin dose and to evaluate the effect of the breast shield on image quality ( iq ) . methods .
nanodots were placed on an adult anthropomorphic phantom .
standard chest ct , ct with shield , and partial ct... |
dr . potenza reports no conflicts of interest with respect to the content of this manuscript .
dr . potenza has served as a consultant or advisor to boehringer ingelheim , somaxon , lundbeck , ironwood , shire , insys , rivermend health , and various legal and gambling entities on issues related to impulse control di... | multiple controversies exist currently in the field of behavioral addictions .
the opinion article by billieux , schimmenti , khazaal , maurage and heeren ( 2015 ) proposes an approach to considering which behaviors might be considered as foci for addictions .
the article raises multiple important points that foste... |
armchair - type swcnts , along with zigzag and chiral carbon nanotube structures [ 16 ] , are important for both basic science studies and practical applications ( e.g. , in modern material science ) .
single - wall carbon nanotubes are frequently referred to as one - dimensional structures due to their nanoscale dim... | the structures of ideal armchair ( 5,5 ) single - wall carbon nanotubes ( swcnts ) of different lengths ( 3.7 , 8.8 , and 16.0 for c40h20 , c80h20 , and c140h20 ) and with 110 hydroxyl groups at the end of the nanotube were fully optimized at the b3lyp/3 - 21 g level , and in some cases at the b3lyp/6 - 31 g * level ... |
chronic respiratory diseases have never , in any area of the world , been accorded a priority relative to their extent and impact . no political jurisdiction ( rich or poor )
proportionally commits resources to chronic respiratory diseases equivalent to the burden they represent in the community , whether for researc... | respiratory disease has never received priority in relation to its impact on health .
estimated dalys lost in 2002 were 12% globally ( similar for industrialized and developing countries ) . chronic airflow limitation ( due mainly to asthma and copd ) alone
affects more than 100 million persons in the world and the... |
to determine the physiological functions of mcu , we constructed a mouse model using a gene trap strategy in which a retroviral trapping vector was integrated into the first intron of the ccdc109a locus ( supplemental fig .
1a , b ) , organ weight was proportional to body size and overall body composition was indisti... | mitochondrial calcium has been postulated to regulate a wide range of processes from bioenergetics to cell death . here
, we characterize a mouse model that lacks expression of the recently discovered mitochondrial calcium uniporter ( mcu ) .
mitochondria derived from mcu-/- mice have no apparent capacity to rapidl... |
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