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in spite of precautions , a foreign body retained in the abdominal cavity after surgery may lead to persistent problems such as adhesions , perforation , and abscess or fistula formation ( 123 ) .
endoloop ligature ( ethicon , somerville , nj , usa ) is surgical instrument to facilitate the ligation of pedicles in la... | many hospitals experience one or more retained surgical instrument events with risk of patient morbidity and medicolegal problems . identification of retained surgical instrument is important .
the radiologists should be familiar with imaging finding of retained surgical instrument . in a 62-year - old female with a ... |
this study included 51 hypermetropes ( 25 males and 26 females ) with brown irides who attended the strabismus service , and were approved by our institutional review board .
the age of the 51 patients ranged from 6 to 20 years ( mean , 12.48 3.76 ) .
1 . a total of 41 ( 80% ) patients had esotropia , 6 ( 12% ) ha... | to find the optimal dosage of cyclopentolate 1% for cycloplegic refraction in hypermetropes with brown irides , we investigated the difference in cycloplegic auto - refractions obtained after one , two , and three instillations in the same patient .
the mean hypermetropia found after three instillations was statistic... |
a 63-year - old male experienced decreased vision in his left eye for several weeks ; he had no history of ocular trauma .
his vision was 0.00 logmar and 0.80 logmar in his right and left eyes , respectively .
spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( oct ; cirrus , carl zeiss meditec , dublin , ca , usa ) of ... | based on the indications , one - third to one - half of patients can achieve full - thickness macular hole ( ftmh ) closure with or without the separation of vitreomacular adhesion ( vma ) within 28 days of ocriplasmin treatment .
the authors report the case of a 63-year - old man with early vma separation and delaye... |
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( pahs ) are a class of ubiquitous environmental contaminants formed by incomplete combustion of organic material .
the main sources of human exposure include occupation , passive and active smoking , food , water , and ambient air pollution .
children may face increased vulnerabili... | exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( pahs ) adversely affects child neurodevelopment , but little is known about the relationship between pahs and clinically significant developmental disorders .
we examined the relationship between childhood measures of pah exposure and prevalence of attention deficit / hy... |
one of the key aspects of maternal care is observing labor progress ; and lack of labor progress is one of a couple of causes for converting to cesarean operations .
therefore , focusing on the labor progress is very important in the decision to intervene in normal vaginal delivery ( 1 , 2 ) .
there are several met... | background : currently , vaginal examination is the gold standard for assessment of labor progress .
the world health organization emphasizes that the number of vaginal examinations should be limited where it is necessary.objectives:therefore , this study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of purple line in t... |
consequently , signal transduction pathways are vital to an organism 's survival and function . in microorganisms , they control the majority of cellular functions including chemotaxis , respiration , development , osmoregulation , transport , metabolism , virulence , host - recognition and antibiotic resistance .
su... | signal transduction pathways control most cellular activities in living cells ranging from regulation of gene expression to fine - tuning enzymatic activity and controlling motile behavior in response to extracellular and intracellular signals . because of their extreme sequence variability and extensive domain shuffli... |
esthetic demands have increased among patients , and they prefer to have well aligned and white teeth , showing their health and youth .
tooth bleaching and orthodontic therapy are common treatments that patients seek to have beautiful smiles .
various methods of bleaching have been introduced using different mater... | background : bleaching treatments decrease shear bond strength between orthodontic brackets and teeth ; although definite results have not been reported in this regard.objectives:this study determined the effects of different bleaching protocols on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to teeth.materials and ... |
it is estimated that over 1.5 million new cases of cancer occur each year in the united states .
roughly 500,000 people die each year in the united states from cancer - related causes , most of whom have metastatic disease .
the three most common cancers , lung , breast , and prostate , all commonly spread to bone ... | background .
the incidence of spine metastasis is expected to increase as the population ages , and so is the number of palliative spinal procedures .
minimally invasive procedures are attractive options in that they offer the theoretical advantage of less morbidity .
purpose .
the purpose of our study was to e... |
although spinal tuberculosis ( pott 's spine or intradural extramedullary tuberculoma ) is relatively common in developing countries , spinal intramedullary tuberculoma ( simt ) is rarely seen25 ) . since it was first reported by cascino and dibble4 ) in 1956 , there have been only occasional case reports . in 2002 , s... | objectivespinal intramedullary tuberculoma ( simt ) is rare , accounting for 2/100,000 cases of tuberculosis and only 0.2% of all cases of central nervous system(cns ) tuberculosis .
we share our experiences of 11 cases of this entity for improving diagnosis and conceptualize the management of this rare disease.metho... |
to generate splice variant cav1.342a , the
alternatively spliced exon 42a was introduced into cav1.3 cdna
( cav1.342 = human cav1.38a as in
ref . 4 , genbank
accession number eu363339 ) by co - ligating an ecori - bamhi - cut pcr product
containing exon 42a from a rat brain 1 subunit ( genbank
accessi... | low voltage activation of cav1.3 l - type ca2 + channels
controls excitability in sensory cells and central neurons as well as
sinoatrial node pacemaking .
cav1.3-mediated pacemaking determines
neuronal vulnerability of dopaminergic striatal neurons affected in parkinson
disease .
we have previously fou... |
the world health survey indicated that in india the prevalence of psychosis was between 0.7% and 3.6% , while the treatment rates were only 36 - 85% .
in addition to the high mental health burden and large treatment gap of mental disorders there are significant limitations in the availability and integration of menta... | the ministry of health and family welfare and its public health institutes are collaborating with asia australia mental health on an innovative community mental health development project designed to enhance initiatives under the district mental health program and increase accessibility of essential community mental he... |
cells , viruses and animals : na cells and bhk cells were maintained in
dulbecco s modified eagle s medium ( dmem ; gibco , carlsbad , ca , u.s.a . ) supplemented with 10%
fetal bovine serum ( fbs ) , 100 u / ml penicillin and 100
g / ml streptomycin ( hyclone , logan , ut , u.s.a . ) at 37c .
the rabv virus st... | abstractto investigate the potential of adeno - associated viruses serotype 2 ( aav2)-mediated rna
interference ( rnai ) as an antiviral agent against rabies , recombinant aav2 vectors
expressing sirna targeting the nucleoprotein ( n ) gene of rabies virus ( rabv ) ( raav - n796 )
were constructed and evaluated .... |
a large ensemble gives high predictability of the subpolar gyre temperaturethe recently observed cooling is forecast to continueimpacts are numerous , reduced numbers of tropical storms are clearest a large ensemble gives high predictability of the subpolar gyre temperature the recently observed cooling is forecast to ... | decadal variability in the north atlantic and its subpolar gyre ( spg ) has been shown to be predictable in climate models initialized with the concurrent ocean state .
numerous impacts over ocean and land have also been identified .
here we use three versions of the met office decadal prediction system to provide ... |
endoscopic submucosal dissection ( esd ) is an effective procedure that allows the en bloc resection of premalignant lesions and early gastric cancer ( egc ) in the stomach.1 - 3 however , esd is technically difficult and time consuming.4,5 major complications of esd are bleeding and perforation and its complication ra... | endoscopic submucosal dissection ( esd ) was developed for the en bloc resection of large early gastrointestinal neoplasms .
a disadvantage of esd is its technical difficulty , which requires advanced skills and is associated with a higher rate of complications .
endoscopic variceal obturation ( evo ) using cyanoac... |
currently , co - cr alloys are extensively used in prosthodontics due to a combination of favourable properties in a variety of applications in fixed and removable restorations.1,2 however , joining of co - cr dental frameworks is often necessary to repair broken restorations3 or to achieve a passive fit of cast framew... | purposethe mechanical and interfacial characterization of laser welded co - cr alloy with two different joint designs.materials and methodsdumbbell cast specimens ( n=30 ) were divided into 3 groups ( r , i , k , n=10 ) .
group r consisted of intact specimens , group i of specimens sectioned with a straight cut , and... |
polymorphisms in sex - linked genes have been reported in a wide range of species ( dawson et al . 2001 ; jarvi and farias 2006 ; bantock et al .
recently , however , polymorphisms in the chd1 gene have been linked with fitness in common moorhens ( gallinula chloropus ; lee et al . 2002 ) and black - tailed godwits (... | while testing genetic sexing techniques in ovenbirds ( seiurus aurocapilla ) , we found a genetic polymorphism in the atp5a1 gene in 38% of individuals .
the z allele included changes in both intronic and exonic portions of the sequenced region , but there was no evidence that this changed the resulting atp synthase ... |
the causative agent of melioidosis in humans is burkholderia pseudomallei which is a facultative intracellular pathogen .
this organism is a polar flagellated gram negative bacterium that can infect both humans and animals [ 13 ] .
the major regulatory control mechanisms for the expression of genes including virule... | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis .
the complete genome sequences of this pathogen have been revealed , which explain some pathogenic mechanisms . in various hostile conditions , for example , during nitrogen and amino acid starvation , bacteria can utilize alternative sigma factors such... |
hemodialysis ( hd ) patients usually experience relatively high mortality rates ; for example , approximately 23% per annum in the u.s . , 15% in europe and 9% in japan . as the most common treatment of advanced kidney failure
, hd typically requires patients to follow a strict treatment schedule , which typically en... | the risk of death for hemodialysis patients is thought to be highest on the days following the longest interval without dialysis ( usually mondays and tuesdays ) ; however , existing results are inconclusive . to clarify this we analyzed dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study ( dopps ) data of 22,163 hemodialysi... |
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is among the diseases with the highest rates of comorbidity.1,2 comorbidity can be defined as any distinct additional clinical entity that has existed or that may occur during the clinical course of a patient who has the index disease under study.3 common comorbidities in oa include cardiovascula... | backgroundexercise therapy is generally recommended for patients with osteoarthritis ( oa ) of the knee .
comorbidity , which is highly prevalent in oa , may interfere with exercise therapy . to date
, there is no evidence - based protocol for the treatment of patients with knee oa and comorbidity .
special proto... |
psoriasis is a common inflammatory disease affecting more than 25 million people in north america and europe .
it is associated with arthritis , myopathy , enteropathy , spondylotic joint disease , and atopic dermatitis .
this disease is characterized by well - demarcated lesions on the skin of the elbows , knees ,... | psoriasis is well known as a chronic inflammatory dermatosis .
the disease affects persons of all ages and is a burden worldwide .
psoriasis is associated with various diseases such as arthritis .
the disease is characterized by well - demarcated lesions on the skin of the elbows and knees .
various genetic and... |
a 70-year - old female with a past medical history significant for diabetes mellitus , peripheral neuropathy , charcot neuroarthropathy , hypertension , hypercholersteremia , and renal insufficiency initially presented with an unstable charcot joint about the rearfoot and ankle with two draining sinus tracts from the m... | the management of diabetic neuropathic foot and ankle malunions and/or nonunions is often complicated by the presence of broken or loosened hardware , charcot joints , infection , osteomyelitis , avascular bone necrosis , unstable deformities , bone loss , disuse and pathologic osteopenia , and ulcerations .
the auth... |
multiple myeloma ( mm ) is one of the hematologic malignancies with a poor prognosis , characterized by a neoplastic proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells .
high - dose melphalan with autologous stem - cell transplantation improves overall survival ( os ) in patients with mm , who are < 65 years old .
however , ... | background : thalidomide is an immunomodulatory and anti - angiogenic drug that has shown promise in patients with myeloma . trials comparing efficacy of standard melphalan and prednisone ( mp ) therapy with mp plus thalidomide ( mpt ) in transplant - ineligible or elderly patients with multiple myeloma ( mm ) have pro... |
exhaled breath condensate ( ebc ) is a simple , noninvasive technique for monitoring airway inflammation .
the measurement of eicosanoids in the expired breath condensate has proven to be a useful noninvasive method for the assessment and monitoring of airway inflammation in inflammatory diseases such as asthma and o... | background . special regulatory role of eicosanoids has been postulated in aspirin - induced asthma . objective . to investigate effects of aspirin on exhaled breath condensate ( ebc ) levels of eicosanoids in patients with asthma .
methods .
we determined ebc eicosanoid concentrations using gas chromatography / ... |
tusc was co - expressed with gst - spc110p as described13,21 , except that complexes were eluted by cleavage of the gst tag with tev protease as the final purification step .
tusc rings were formed by 30 minute incubation on ice after dilution to 0.2 m in brb80 ( 80 mm pipes ph 6.9 , 1 mm egta , 1 mm mgcl2 ) .
the ... | microtubules are nucleated in vivo by -tubulin complexes .
the 300 kda -tubulin small complex ( tusc ) , consisting of two molecules of -tubulin and one copy each of the accessory proteins spc97p and spc98p , is the conserved , essential core of the microtubule nucleating machinery1,2 . in metazoa
multiple tuscs as... |
total hip arthroplasty ( tha ) remains controversial in active tuberculosis ( tb ) infection because of the risks of septic loosening and reactivation of the infection .
we present a rare case of tha in a patient positive for the human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) with active tuberculous coxitis .
the patient was... | introduction : total hip arthroplasty ( tha ) remains controversial in active tuberculosis ( tb ) infection because of the risks of septic loosening and reactivation of the infection .
we present a rare case of tha in a patient positive for the human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) with active tuberculous coxitis .
... |
the natural course of aortic stenosis ( as ) is characterised by among others cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death in up to 34% of the patients. surgical aortic valve replacement ( avr ) has shown to reduce the risk of sudden death .
whether this also holds for patients who undergo transcatheter aortic valve implantat... | backgroundcorrected qt dispersion ( cqtd ) has been correlated with non - uniform ventricular repolarisation and increased mortality . in patients with aortic stenosis , cqtd has been shown improved after surgical valve replacement , but the effects of transcatheter aortic valve implantation ( tavi ) are unknown . ther... |
the international pilot study of schizophrenia estimated that 70% of schizophrenia patients suffered from hallucinations .
25 - 30% of the auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia are refractory to traditional antipsychotic drug treatment .
even with the advent of newer antipsychotics , a significant minority of pa... | hallucinations are considered as core symptoms of psychosis by both international classification of diseases10 ( icd-10 ) and diagnostic and statistical manual for the classification of psychiatric disorders
4th edition text revised ( dsm - iv tr ) .
the most common types of hallucinations in patients with schizoph... |
iga nephropathy ( igan ) is the most common form of chronic glomerulonephritis for individuals of european and asian descent [ 1 , 2 ] .
the level of proteinuria at diagnosis of igan has been associated with the primary endpoint of outcome ( i.e. , progression to chronic dialysis or transplantation ) in adults [ 37 ]... | introduction . percentage of galactose - deficient iga1 ( gd - iga1 ) relative to total iga in serum was recently reported to correlate with proteinuria at time of sampling and during follow - up for pediatric and adult patients with iga nephropathy .
we sought to determine whether this association exists in another ... |
it is well - known that parkinson 's disease ( pd ) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly ; however , the etiology of pd remains unclear .
recently , the role of concurrent medical problems has been a major concern surrounding pd .
cerebrovascular disease such as cerebral ischemic lesio... | background : parkinson 's disease ( pd ) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly .
cerebrovascular diseases such as cerebral ischemic lesion ( cil ) also commonly occur in elderly adults .
however , previous studies on the relationship between pd and cerebrovascular disease have not found... |
granuloma faciale ( gf ) is an uncommon , benign chronic skin disease of unknown origin characterized by single or multiple , soft , erythematous to livid papules , plaques , or nodules usually occurring on the face , often with follicular accentuation and superficial telangiectasias .
sites of predilection include n... | granuloma faciale ( gf ) is an uncommon , cutaneous disorder characterized by one to several soft , erythematous to livid papules , plaques , or nodules , usually occurring on the face .
extra - facial lesions occur rarely .
we present a case report of 33-year - old male who presented with keloidal lesions on face ... |
sebaceous carcinoma ( sc ) is a rare malignant tumor originating from adnexal skin structures .
most of these malignancies develop in the head and neck area , notably in the eyelid .
other sites include the parotid and submandibular glands , the external auditory canal , the trunk or the limbs .
tumors of this ty... | sebaceous carcinoma ( sc ) is an uncommon neoplasm manifesting itself either in the eyelid or extraocularly in the head and neck area .
surgery is the standard of care .
irradiation is rarely proposed as monotherapy but is frequently administered as an adjuvant regimen following surgical resection .
there is no k... |
the discovery that the potent tumorigenicity of transforming avian retroviruses is caused by capture of cellular oncogenes led to the identification of the protooncogenes c - myc and src , among others .
an alternative tumorigenic strategy is used by dna tumor viruses , such as sv40 virus and human papilloma virus , ... | telomerase , the enzyme that elongates our telomeres , is crucial for cancer development based on extensive analyses of human cells , human cancers , and mouse models .
new data now suggest that a viral telomerase rna gene encoded by marek 's disease virus ( mdv ) , an oncogenic herpesvirus of chickens , promotes tum... |
when it comes to drug therapy , intensivists have plenty of decision making every day including drug selection , dosing , administration , and monitoring strategies to optimize effective pharmacotherapy .
even though the patient receives appropriate drug , a suboptimal dose or overdosing may result in either therapeu... | background and objectives : a critically ill patient is treated and reviewed by physicians from different specialties ; hence , polypharmacy is a very common .
this study was conducted to assess the impact and effectiveness of having a clinical pharmacist in an indian intensive care unit ( icu ) .
it also evaluates... |
a previously healthy nine - year - old girl of 47 kg was successfully treated with penicillin v for the diagnosis cutaneous borrelia infection .
six months later ( january 24 , 2007 ) , fever , headache and a small wound on the left foot without any known trauma appeared .
( january 25 , 2007 ) , inflammation and l... | this is the first detailed description of a severe hepatotoxic reaction in a previously healthy 9-year - old schoolgirl after ingestion of some flucloxacillin tablets .
she was clinically well within one week and alanine aminotransferase in serum was normalized in one month .
follow up for more than one year was no... |
hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection still constitutes a major problem of public health since 360 million people worldwide are chronically infected and exposed to a progressive disease that may lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) .
hbv surface antigen ( hbsag ) is the established serological... | small hepatitis b virus surface protein ( s - hbsag ) variant y100c has been associated with hbsag - negative phenotype . to determine whether y100c substitution yields impaired hbsag or small amounts of hbsag that may reduce hbsag detection by commercial anti - hbsag antibodies , two eukaryotic expression plasmids , o... |
psychophysical data suggest that number is represented as a point on an analog mental number line .
for example , rats or humans asked to produce n responses or estimate n events do so with less precision as n increases ( platt and johnson , 1971 ; whalen et al . , 1999 ) .
in addition , the variability of response... | humans and animals appear to share a similar representation of number as an analog magnitude on an internal , subjective scale .
neurological and neurophysiological data suggest that posterior parietal cortex ( ppc ) is a critical component of the circuits that form the basis of numerical abilities in humans .
pati... |
conventional cavity preparation and direct bonding is an acceptable clinical procedure in operative dentistry . to achieve effective adhesion between dental tissue and restorative materials ,
the smear layer which is formed during removal of dental caries must be either removed or modified . traditionally , after cav... | background : dental surfaces prepared with different er : yag laser distance may have different characteristics compared with those prepared with conventional instruments .
the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of er : yag laser irradiation distance from enamel and dentin surfaces on the shear bond stre... |
the emergence of human language is generally seen as one of the major transitions in the evolution of the organic world : the defining characteristic of the human species [ 24 ] or at any rate a crucial twist within it [ 57 ] . the issue is not without controversy , as linguistic abilities have been argued to be presen... | this paper examines the origins of language , as treated within evolutionary anthropology , under the light offered by a biolinguistic approach .
this perspective is presented first .
next we discuss how genetic , anatomical , and archaeological data , which are traditionally taken as evidence for the presence of l... |
according to the original protocol proposed by brnemark , dental implant can be installed in a complete healing state after tooth extraction , and this procedure takes about 6 to 12 months.1,2 however , it was reported that the alveolar bone loss occurred in 23% during the initial 6 months after extraction and addition... | purposethe purpose of this study was to provide an actual guideline in determining the shape , diameter , and position of the implant in immediate implantation by the measurement of the thickness of facial and palatal plate , the thickness of cortical bone on the facial and palatal plate , the diameter of the root , an... |
kaposi sarcoma ( ks ) is a lymphoangioproliferative disease caused by human herpes virus 8 ( hhv-8 ) .
early ks seems to be a reactive process of polyclonal nature , which may remain so or progress to become a true sarcoma .
acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( aids)-ks may have an unpredictable clinical course va... | aids associated kaposi sarcoma ( aids - ks ) was first reported from india in 1993 . since then
only 16 cases have been reported .
three of them had proven human herpesvirus 8 ( hhv-8 ) infection .
we report a case of disseminated ks in a heterosexual male from india with hiv , hepatitis b and hhv-8 infection .
... |
push - ups are used for many purposes , including strengthening the upper body , rehabilitating
the shoulder , stabilization training of dynamic joints , and improving proprioceptive
feedback mechanisms1 , 2 . among the various exercises that are generally used to strengthen
the shoulder and upper extremity muscl... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to compare the activity of the shoulder and
trunk muscles in two push - up positions : standard push - ups and push - ups with the trunk
flexed .
[ subjects ] fifteen young adult males participated in the study . [ methods ]
this
study measured the clavicular and ster... |
total hip arthroplasty ( tha ) is an effective intervention for patients with severe hip disease and has been shown to lead to marked improvement in health outcomes ( 1 ) . because of the significant benefits realized with tha , utilization rates for this procedure have been increasing in most western and asian countri... | we analyzed the causes leading to total hip arthroplasty ( tha ) , aimed to clarify the incidence of femoroacetabular impingement ( fai ) among the causes , and compared the incidence in korea with those in other countries . from january 2000 to december 2014 , 1,206 hips of 818 patients who underwent primary tha at ou... |
the c-19 methyl - substituted
indole alkaloids represented in figure 1 are
a relatively rare class of alkaloids belonging
to the sarpagine ajmaline series with over 17 members isolated
to date .
in addition to the asymmetric
centers at c-3(s ) , c-5(s ) , and c-15(r ) of the sarpagine / ajmaline framework ... | a detailed account of the development
of a general strategy for
synthesis of the c-19 methyl - substituted alkaloids including total
synthesis of 19(s),20(r)-dihydroperaksine-17-al
( 1 ) , 19(s),20(r)-dihydroperaksine
( 2 ) , and peraksine ( 6 ) is presented .
efforts
directed toward the total synthesis o... |
we report a case of an adolescent who sustained flash burns after the foaming bath soap she was using was exposed to a naked flame , causing flash burns to her face , neck , chest and arms .
pressurized aerosol cans , such as deodorants , air - fresheners and insecticides have been reported to cause burn injuries aft... | abstractwe present an unusual case of flash burn injury in an adolescent following accidental combination of foaming bath bubbles and tea light candle flame .
there has not been any reported similar case described before .
this serves as a learning point for public prevention and clinicians managing burn injuries . |
rapid intra - hepatic dissemination of hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is a rare but known occurrence after radiofrequency ablation ( rfa ) of solitary hccs ( 1 - 4 ) .
the exact incidence is unknown but it is believed to be underreported , and the mechanism of spread remain elusive ( 1 - 4 ) .
we hereby report a ... | this manuscript describes an unusual case of rapid intra - hepatic dissemination of hepatocellular carcinoma with pulmonary metastases occurring 1 month after combined chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation .
inferior vena cava and portal vein invasion tumor thrombus was also detected , possibly accounting for... |
localization of the primary motor cortex is an important neurosurgical consideration when treating lesions in the motor area.1 a major problem in the preoperative planning of surgery for central lesions is the exact assessment of the spatial relationship between pathology , function , and anatomy.2 the symptoms of cave... | since the introduction of microscopic techniques , radical surgery for cavernous angiomas has become a recommended treatment option . however , the treatment of motor area cavernous angioma represents a great challenge for the surgical team . here
, we describe an approach guided by frameless neuronavigation and preo... |
periodontal disease affects adolescents and young adults in varying degrees worldwide.[14 ] dental students are representative of the educated , urbanized , influential , and motivated class of individuals .
the effect of joining a dental profession and its relationship with the personal level of oral health has not ... | a cross - sectional study was conducted on dental students at bahadurgarh , haryana , for the assessment of periodontal health and possible associated factors .
a total of 329 students were examined clinically by periodontists .
students with bleeding on probing and attachment loss 2 mm were assessed further for e... |
characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction , which is usually progressive , copd worsens as a result of inhalation of smoke and noxious gases .
1
this disease , which is preventable and treatable , has various systemic manifestations , such as skeletal muscle dysfunction related to decreased exercise capaci... | objective : to translate the manchester respiratory activities of daily living ( mradl ) questionnaire into portuguese and to create a version of the mradl that is cross - culturally adapted for use in brazil .
methods : the english - language version of the mradl was translated into portuguese by two health care res... |
ischemic colitis is an inflammatory disease caused by the lack of colonic blood supply.1,2 being one of the most common form of intestinal ischemias , ischemic colitis is manifested with unspecific clinical symptoms such as acute abdominal pain , diarrhea , or hematochezia .
the major causes include hypotension due t... | ischemic colitis is generally considered a disease of the elderly .
the causes of ischemic colitis include low - flow states due to cardiac dysfunction or hypovolemia and certain medications including estrogen . here
we report a case of ischemic colitis in a 26-year - old woman .
she had no specific medical histo... |
the management of multiple fragment axis fractures and unstable atlas fractures is still challenging for the spinal surgeon .
there are no published reports of similar fractures with 3-part fracture of axis associated with an unstable atlas fracture .
we present a patient with concurrent axis and atlas fractures , ... | abstractbackground : multiple fractures of the atlas and axis are rare .
the management of multiple fragment axis fractures and unstable atlas fractures is still challenging for the spinal surgeon .
there are no published reports of similar fractures with 3-part fracture of axis associated with an unstable atlas fr... |
methods and any associated references are available in the online version of the paper at http://www.nature.com / naturegenetics/.
| epistasis refers to the interaction between genes .
although high - throughput epistasis data from model organisms are being generated and used to construct genetic networks1 - 3 , to what extent genetic epistasis reflects biologically meaningful interactions remains unclear4 - 6 .
we address this question by in si... |
the burden of degenerative aortic stenosis continues to increase , and many patients with severe aortic stenosis are too sick or old to undergo surgery safely [ 1 , 2 ] .
accordingly , minimally invasive means to treat patients with aortic stenosis have been recently developed , including self - expandable or balloon... | introductionsurgical replacement for aortic stenosis is fraught with complications in high - risk patients .
transcatheter techniques may offer a minimally invasive solution , but their comparative effectiveness and safety is uncertain .
we performed a network meta - analysis on this topic.methodsrandomized trials ... |
prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men , with an estimated incidence in the united states of 241,740 cases and 28,170 deaths in 2012 ( surveillance , epidemiology and end results [ seer ] stats).1 low - dose rate ( ldr ) brachytherapy has been an effective form of definitive therapy for low - risk localiz... | whole - gland low - dose rate ( ldr ) brachytherapy has been a well - established modality of treating low - risk prostate cancer . treatment in a focal manner has the advantages of reduced toxicity to surrounding organs .
focal treatment using ldr brachytherapy has been relatively unexplored , but it may offer advan... |
we retrospectively reviewed our institutional database for liver mris conducted between january 2004 and september 2006 on patients suspected of having liver malignancy based on clinical and prior ct findings .
we identified 391 patients with hccs and 55 patients with liver metastases who underwent a double contrast ... | objectiveto determine if a combination of ferucarbotran - enhanced t2*weighted - gradient echo ( t2*w - gre ) and t2-weighted turbo spin echo ( t2w - tse ) images in gadolinium- and ferucarbotran - enhanced mri has additive efficacy compared to each image alone for detecting small ( 2.0 cm ) hepatocellular carcinoma (... |
an 84-year - old gentleman was referred to the urology department at bedford hospital with a computed tomography ( ct ) scan revealing multiple polypoidal lesions in the urinary bladder ( fig
the patient initially presented to the dermatology department in may 2010 with a suspicious , raised nodular lesion on the ski... | metastatic malignant melanoma of the urinary bladder is a rare clinical finding suggestive of advanced disease .
only 17 cases have been described in the english literature.we present a case of an 84-year - old male who was referred to the urology department with the incidental finding of bladder metastases on comput... |
pulmonary trauma , severe infection as well as hemorrhage can result in acute lung injury ( ali ) or acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) , which are common pulmonary diseases in humans , especially in patients undergoing surgery [ 14 ] .
studies have confirmed that lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) plays important ... | objective .
the present study was to investigate the feasibility of adenovirus - mediated small interference rna ( sirna ) targeting toll - like receptor 4 ( tlr4 ) gene in ameliorating lipopolysaccharide- ( lps- ) induced acute lung injury ( ali ) . methods . in vitro , alveolar macrophages ( ams ) were treated with... |
recent estimates showed that cancer incidence will almost triple by 2030 , with 2026 million new cancer diagnoses and 1317 million deaths .
more than 70% of all cancer deaths occurred in low and middle - income countries [ 1 , 3 ] . of all types of cancers , breast cancer is the most common cancer among women both ... | background .
early detection of breast cancer using breast self - examination ( bse ) plays an important role in decreasing its morbidity and mortality . objective . to identify factors associated with bse among health extension workers in northwest ethiopia .
methods .
cross - sectional study design was employed... |
drug - resistant bacteria are emerging worldwide , despite frequently being less fit than drug - susceptible strains1 .
data from model systems suggest the fitness cost of antimicrobial resistance can be mitigated by compensatory mutations2
. however , current evidence that compensatory evolution plays any signific... | |
the gate control theory of pain developed by melzack and wall in 1965 proposes that tiny neural networks distributed along the dorsal horn of the spinal cord are responsible for relieving the pain in a specific body location when an intense tactile stimulation is applied at the same place .
we experience this pheno... | the gate control theory of pain proposed by melzack and wall in 1965 is revisited through two mechanisms of neuronal regulation : nmda synaptic plasticity and intrinsic plasticity .
the melzack and wall circuit was slightly modified by using strictly excitatory nociceptive afferents ( in the original arrangement , no... |
traditional methods , which offer an individual facility a single rate for all patients , have been widely criticized for making the heaviest care patients economically unattractive .
rapid rises in nursing home costs , coupled with demographic shifts that will further increase the demand for long - term care , makin... | several states now use patient - based payments for skilled nursing facilities and intermediate care facilities ; others are in the process of developing case - mix systems . the health care financing administration is working under congressional mandate to develop a prospective case - mix system for medicare payments ... |
case - patients undergo a smear examination of the characteristic patch of thick gray membrane and samples are cultured for c. diphtheriae .
to describe the epidemiology of diphtheria , we included cases defined as an acute febrile infection with gray - white patch in pharynx , tonsils , or fauces among residents of ... | during 20032006 , diphtheria rates in hyderabad , india , were higher among persons 519 years of age , women , and muslims than among other groups .
vaccine was efficacious among those who received > 4 doses .
the proportion of the population receiving boosters was low , especially among muslims .
we recommend in... |
a 28-year - old female presented with a 6 months history of painless , progressive diminution of vision in the left eye . on examination , her best - corrected visual activity was 6/6 in the right eye and hand movement perception in the left eye .
the left eye examination showed axial proptosis of 2 mm , with relativ... | primary orbital melanoma is rare and has varied initial presentation . a 28-year - old female presented with proptosis and decreased vision in the left eye . computed tomography scan showed an orbital mass with contrast enhancement and calcification around the optic nerve leading to a diagnosis of meningioma .
the pa... |
the aging population of europe and worldwide means that there are increasing numbers of people being affected by health problems who are living with reduced functional efficiency .
thus , it is necessary to understand the problems as well as social , psychological , and medical needs of chronically ill patients in or... | purposethe main aim of our research was to evaluate general health , functioning , and performance parameters , as well as care problems of geriatric clinic inpatients in relation to deficits in fulfilling needs .
the assessment of health - related quality of life was also performed.patients and methodsthe research s... |
brain tumors are the second most common form of childhood cancer , after acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( all ) .
given 5-year survival rates that approach 90% for children treated for all and 70% for those treated for brain tumors , there are currently a great many survivors of these cancers that suffer from the conse... | brain cancer is a common type of childhood malignancy , and radiotherapy ( rt ) is a mainstay of treatment .
rt is effective for tumor eradication , and survival rates are high .
however , rt damages the brain and disrupts ongoing developmental processes , resulting in debilitating cognitive late effects that may... |
the
roles of atp hydrolysis in electron - transfer ( et ) reactions
of the nitrogenase catalytic cycle remain obscure . here , we present
a new structure of a nitrogenase complex crystallized with mgadp and
mgamppcp , an atp analogue . in this structure
the two nucleotides are
bound asymmetrically by the fe... | |
despite the wide availability of pharmacological antihypertensive treatment , it is estimated that 1 of 50 patients with newly diagnosed hypertension will develop resistant hypertension , a condition associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events and chronic renal disease compared with that of nonresistant... | backgroundhypertensive cardiomyopathy is characterized by myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis .
the effects of renal denervation ( rd ) on the heart are poorly understood .
new magnetic resonance imaging techniques ( extracellular volume fraction ) permit the quantitative assessment of myocardial fibrosis... |
suicidal patients are commonly encountered in psychiatric practice , and attempted suicide and suicidal ideation are often a cause of emergency treatment and psychiatric hospitalization .
the most common psychiatric illnesses in the background of suicide are the affective disorder ( ad ) of unipolar major depression ... | background : the most common psychiatric illnesses in the background of suicide are schizophrenia spectrum disorders ( ssd ) and affective disorders ( ad ) .
while depression and hopelessness are important factors for suicide in psychiatric patients , the role of psychotic symptoms is unclear .
we examine the compa... |
the most remarkable development the disability sector went through over the last 1015 years is the shift in paradigm .
the shift from a medical model , a defect model , towards a social model of disability is made .
for ageing people and their services a similar but less visible shift in thinking took place . agein... | introductionthe most remarkable development the disability sector went through over the last 1015 years is the shift in paradigm .
the shift from a medical model , a defect model , towards a social model of disability is made .
the approach , today , is based on human rights .
full inclusion in society is the ove... |
anxiety and depressive disorders constitute a substantial proportion of the global burden of disease and are projected to form the second most common cause of disability by 2020 . a report by who stated that depression and anxiety threaten to be the world 's most common illness by the end of the century , especially in... | background : anxiety and depressive disorders constitute a substantial proportion of the global burden of disease and are projected to form the second most common cause of disability by 2020.objective:to assess the level of depression and anxiety among middle age women and the possible factors behind it.materials and m... |
advanced periodontal disease is characterized by severe attachment loss , reduction of bony support , and increased tooth mobility , often resulting in pathologic tooth migration and flaring .
when the maxillary anterior teeth are seriously involved , severe esthetic problems , including a deficient alveolar ridge an... | objectiveforced eruption has been proposed for the reconstruction of deficient bone and soft tissue .
the aim of this study was to examine the changes in the alveolar ridge width and the vertical levels of the interproximal bone and papilla following forced eruption.methodspatients whose hopeless maxillary anterior t... |
resistance to antimalarial drugs is a major public health problem , which hinders the control of malaria .
widespread p. falciparum resistance to conventional antimalarial medicines such as chloroquine and sulphadoxine - pyrimethamine ( sp ) led to a change in malaria treatment policy in endemic countries .
acts ha... | we aimed to determine the current prevalence of four p. falciparum candidate artemisinin resistance biomarkers l263e , e431k , a623e , and s769n in the pfatpase6 gene in a high transmission area in tanzania in a retrospective cross sectional study using 154 archived samples collected from three previous malaria studies... |
a 17-year - old south indian female was reported of a complaint of a pain in mandibular molar for three months .
she had the asymmetry since the birth , however she was unaware of any progression of the asymmetry .
she also reported of absence of both deciduous and permanent teeth in left posterior region of the up... | facial asymmetry is not an uncommon occurrence in day to day dental practice .
it can be caused by various etiologic factors ranging from facial trauma to serious hereditary conditions .
here , we report a rare case of non - syndromic facial asymmetry in a young female , who was born with this condition but was not... |
pcos is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age with a prevalence of 5%7% [ 13].pcos is associated with a broad range of adverse sequelae , including hypertension , dyslipidemia , insulin resistance , hyperandrogenaemia , gestational and type 2 diabetes , which ultimately increase th... | polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age group and is associated with a higher cardiovascular risk .
obesity , mainly visceral adiposity , is prevalent in patients with pcos .
obesity is associated with low - grade inflammation and raised inflammatory cytokines ... |
alignment of dna sequences from different species provides an effective tool to decode genomic information , based on the assumption that functional sequences tend to evolve at a slower rate than non - functional sequences .
the availability of the complete genomic sequences from a variety of species ( 14 ) allows to... | the identification and study of evolutionarily conserved genomic sequences that surround disease - related genes is a valuable tool to gain insight into the functional role of these genes and to better elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms of disease .
we created the dg - cst ( disease gene conserved sequence tags ) ... |
the successful restoration should satisfy function , comfort , speech , and esthetic requirements of the patients.1 the eventual objective of esthetic rehabilitation is to design a pleasant smile with teeth having a proper inherent proportion and arrangement in harmony with gingiva and face is.2 restorative dentistry e... | background : dental restoration or prosthesis in harmony with adjacent natural teeth color is indispensable part for the successful esthetic outcome .
the studies indicate is existence of correlation between teeth and skin color .
teeth and skin color are changed over the aging process .
the aim of the study was ... |
severe renal dysfunction , in particular , which requires dialysis , has been identified as a risk factor for adverse outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) [ 13 ] . chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) that does not require dialysis , which has been defined according to levels of serum creatinine or estimat... | abstractpurposesthe aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the effect of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) on outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) , and to determine whether preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) can be a predictor of long - term outcomes after cabg.metho... |
these patients had chronic colonization or infection of pathogens , the underlying pathological process can be understood as a vicious circle caused by chronic infection .
the two main pathogens isolated have been reported as haemophilus influenzae ( mean of 42% and a range of 2970% ) and pseudomonas aeruginosa ( mea... | objective : noncystic fibrosis ( non - cf ) bronchiectasis remains as a common health problem in asia .
pathogens distribution in airways of patients with non - cf bronchiectasis is important for doctors to make right decision.data sources : we performed this systematic review on the english language literatures from... |
dna base composition , specifically guanine - cytosine ( gc ) content , is a bacterial taxonomic marker .
for example , actinobacteria have high , whereas clostridia have low gc - containing genomes .
in addition , assessing the dinucleotide frequency profile , a genome signature , of a genomic dna sequence is a po... | in the present paper , i compared guanine - cytosine ( gc ) contents , dna sizes , and dinucleotide frequency profiles in 109 archaeal chromosomes , 59 archaeal plasmids , 1379 bacterial chromosomes , and 854 bacterial plasmids . in more than 80% of archaeal and bacterial plasmids , the gc content was lower than that o... |
the skin , most visible and accessible organ of the body , may function as an important diagnostic window to the diseases affecting the internal organs including the renal system .
some of the skin changes like pruritus , xerosis , hyperpigmentation , and acquired perforating dermatosis are said to be present regardl... | background : chronic renal failure ( crf ) is associated with a variety of cutaneous manifestations as a result of underlying etiology as well as the various treatment modalities.aim:to evaluate the prevalence of various dermatoses in patients with crf on hemodialysis and to study the effect of hemodialysis on the inte... |
the study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of the university of pennsylvania .
nhc is a company that provided comprehensive wound care management solutions to local wound care centers across the united states .
nhc developed clinical pathways to guide treatment based on reviews of best pr... | objectivehyperbaric oxygen ( hbo ) is a device that is used to treat foot ulcers .
the study goal was to compare the effectiveness of hbo with other conventional therapies administered in a wound care network for the treatment of a diabetic foot ulcer and prevention of lower - extremity amputation.research design and... |
this
paper demonstrates the first example of targeting a solid
tumor that is externally heated to 42 c by heat seeking
drug - loaded polypeptide nanoparticles .
these nanoparticles consist
of a thermally responsive elastin - like polypeptide ( elp ) conjugated
to multiple copies of a hydrophobic cancer dru... | |
a 2.5-year - old - male child was brought with a chief complaint of acute onset drooping of the right upper eyelid that persisted without improvement for 5 days .
there was a preceding history of fever of 8 days duration followed by a vesicular eruption on the right scalp and forehead extending to the tip of the nose... | orbital abscess and superior orbital fissure syndrome ( sofs ) are rare manifestations of herpes zoster ophthalmicus .
herein , we report a case of orbital abscess along with sofs in a 2.5-year - old - male child secondary to herpes zoster infection .
he presented with a 5-day history of proptosis and ptosis of the... |
the velocity of scanning a whole glass slide reaches now in less than one minute with a sufficient number of focus points , and will probably further decrease with the new scanner generation .
in addition to its main applications which are research ( such as tissue micro arrays ( tma ) , interdisciplinary case discus... | virtual microscopy , which is the diagnostic work on completely digitized histological and cytological slides as well as blood smears , is at the stage to be implemented in routine diagnostic surgical pathology ( tissue - based diagnosis ) in the near future , once it has been accepted by the us food and drug administr... |
one option to consider in auricular reconstruction , particularly when there has been traumatic loss , is the application of a manufactured auricular prosthesis .
offered a good overview of indications , technique , and difficulties with the use of auricular prostheses .
it can also be attached directly to the skin... | introduction . the psychosocial and quality of life ( qol ) of patients with deformed or missing ears
are frequently compromised .
the aim of this study is to develop innovative techniques using cad / cam technology in prosthetic auricular rehabilitation and provide improvement in the treatment outcomes , including... |
many factors predisposing people to the development of depression are known , for example : monoamine deficiency in the brain regions responsible for regulation of mood , hyperactivity of the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis and modifications of the amount or function of brain - derived neurotrophic factor elici... | background : despite the high prevalence of depression , the mechanism of the origin of this disease as well as the causes of resistance to therapy in some patients are still not fully understood .
increasingly , the possible role of genetic factors is considered .
one of them is polymorphisms in the abcb1 ( mdr1 )... |
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s00330 - 015 - 3849 - 2 ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users .
the canadian national breast cancer screening study ( cnbss ) is one of eight large - scale randomized controlled trials on mammography screening . compared to the othe... | twenty - five - year follow - up data of the canadian national breast cancer screening study ( cnbss ) indicated no mortality reduction .
what conclusions should be drawn ?
after conducting a systematic literature search and narrative analysis , we wish to recapitulate important details of this study , which may ha... |
interferential current ( ifc ) therapy is a form of transcutaneous electrical stimulation
using medium frequency current , generally at about 4 khz1 , 2 .
the interaction of 2
slightly different medium - frequency currents generates an amplitude - modulated low - frequency
current ( 0250 hz ) . because the khz... | [ purpose ] this study used electromyography to measure the effective treatment duration of
interferential current therapy for muscle fatigue . [ subjects and methods ] fifteen healthy
adult men volunteered to participate in the study ( age : 24.2 1.3 years ; weight : 67.6
4.92 kg ; height : 176.4 4.92 cm )... |
anterior segment optical coherence tomography ( asoct ) was used to categorize and provide insights into the etiology of capsular bag distension syndrome ( cbds ) .
a prospective review was undertaken of 10 cases who presented with signs of late cbds 511 years after uneventful phacoemulsification with in - the - bag ... | backgroundanterior segment optical coherence tomography ( asoct ) was used to categorize and provide insights into the etiology of capsular bag distension syndrome ( cbds).methodsa prospective review was undertaken of 10 cases who presented with signs of late cbds 511 years after uneventful phacoemulsification with in ... |
there are various terms of obesity loosely used such as abdominal obesity , abdominal adiposity , body fat percentage , and predictors for obesity .
body mass index ( bmi ) is the most commonly used parameter to measure abdominal obesity for determining whether someone may be defined as obese , overweight , or normal... | background : waist circumference ( wc ) is an accurate and simple measure of abdominal obesity as compared to waist hip ratio ( whr ) . the aim of this study was to determine the correlation between body mass index ( bmi ) with wc and whr and suggest cutoff points for wc among rural malaysian adults.methods:a cross - ... |
the nordic countries ( denmark , finland , iceland , norway , and sweden ) have been collecting health data of high quality and complete coverage in national registers for decades.17 all the nordic countries have public health care systems and it is mandatory for the health care professionals to report to the national ... | backgrounddata from the nordic health care registers have been of great value in perinatal epidemiological research .
it has been assumed that findings from the nordic population ( denmark , finland , iceland , norway , and sweden ) are applicable to other populations as well , including the population of the us.obje... |
as more and more intracranial lesions are approached through the endoscopic transnasal route , neurosurgeons nowadays come across a lot of lesions in the sphenoid sinus with or without extension to intracranial cavity .
we hereby describe our experience with few of the lesions which were in the sphenoid sinus .
iso... | introduction : the sphenoid sinus is often neglected because of its difficult access .
the deep position of the sphenoid sinus hinders early diagnosis of pathologies in that location .
delayed diagnosis can cause serious complications due to proximity to many important structures.objectives:the aim of this study is... |
apoptosis is a physiological cellular process of cell death that is initiated by a wide variety of extrinsic and intrinsic signals and stimuli and hence critical in several disease processes .
these signals instructing the cells to undergo apoptosis through the activation of a family of proteins known as caspases .
... | few published studies have reported the use of crude camel milk in the treatment of stomach infections , tuberculosis and cancer . yet
, little research was conducted on the effect of camel milk on the apoptosis and oxidative stress associated with human cancer .
the present study investigated the effect and the un... |
hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients , and it has been associated with increased mortality and morbidity in adults and children.13 srinivasan et al4 found that blood glucose level > 150 mg / dl was associated with a 3.5-fold increased risk of mortality . in critically ill adults ,
a large prospective ra... | backgroundhyperglycemia and acute kidney injury ( aki ) are common in critically ill children and have been associated with higher morbidity and mortality .
the incidence of aki in children is difficult to estimate because of the lack of a standard definition for aki .
the pediatric rifle ( risk , injury , failure ... |
elucidation of the mechanisms responsible for protective immunity against tumors is a prerequisite to the development of tumor - specific vaccines and effective immunotherapy for cancer . because of their ability to be specifically captured by dendritic cells ( dcs ) , enhance antigen presentation , and elicit tumor - ... | induction of tumor - specific immunity requires that dendritic cells ( dcs ) efficiently capture and present tumor antigens to result in the expansion and activation of tumor - specific cytotoxic t cells .
the transition from antigen capture to t cell stimulation requires a maturation signal ; in its absence toleranc... |
hartal is a form of general strike in democratic nations , where a political or social organization leads the people to protest against an unfavorable law or rule by shutting down activities in government offices , companies , schools , and colleges as well as disrupting public and private modes of transportation .
t... | general strike ( also known as hartal ) is used as a mode of protest by organizations and political parties in india .
it is generally thought that hartals negatively impact the healthcare delivery in a society .
we used the right to information act to obtain data from government health centers in kerala state in i... |
naegeli franceschetti jadassohn syndrome ( nfjs ) is a rare form of ectodermal dysplasia inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder .
nfjs and its closely related allelic disorder , dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis ( dpr ) , are characterized by the absence of dermatoglyphics , reticulate pattern of skin hyper... | naegeli franceschetti jadassohn syndrome ( nfjs ) is a rare , autosomal dominant inherited form of ectodermal dysplasia , caused by mutation in the krt14 gene .
we report here a case of nfjs in a 27-year - old male who presented with reticulate hyperpigmentation over skin , dental changes , absence of dermatoglyphi... |
chronic hepatitis c ( hc ) is a major public health concern , with the world health organization reporting that approximately 3% of the world 's population suffers from the disease 1 .
a wellestablished extrahepatic complication of hc infection is mixed cryoglobulinemic vasculitis type ii , a serious disorder in whic... | key clinical messagealthough cryoglobulinemia is a wellappreciated complication of hepatitis c ( hc ) , myopericarditis with resulting pericardial effusion is extremely rare , especially in the absence of a liver transplant . in patients with hc , pericardial effusion with impending tamponade
can be a florid and pote... |
we report the unusual outbreak of rvf at a northern latitude and in an extremely arid region ( although rvf has been reported in egypt , where the nile river helps spread the disease from the south ) .
the high mortality rates and severe clinical signs observed among dromedary camels indicate that these animals playe... | during september october 2010 , an unprecedented outbreak of rift valley fever was reported in the northern sahelian region of mauritania after exceptionally heavy rainfall .
camels probably played a central role in the local amplification of the virus .
we describe the main clinical signs ( hemorrhagic fever , ic... |
with more than 15,000 newly diagnosed cases in the us in 2012 , cll is the most common leukemia in the western world and affects mainly elderly patients .
different manifestation patterns and a wide range of genetic variations like hypermutation of the immunoglobulin heavy - chain genes ( ighv ) , genomic aberrations... | chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) is the most prevalent type of leukemia , affects mostly elderly cll patients , and is incurable without allogeneic transplantation .
although classic chemo(immuno)therapy is still the standard of care for patients in need of treatment , this paradigm might change in the near futur... |
bacterial toxins of the cholesterol - dependent cytolsysin ( cdc ) superfamily form pores in lipid bilayers through the oligomerization of their membrane attack complex / perforin fold ( macpf ) domain .
cdcs are produced by over five different genera of gram - positive bacteria , resulting in a wide range of animal ... | summarypore - forming proteins containing the structurally conserved membrane attack complex / perforin fold play an important role in immunity and host - pathogen interactions .
intermedilysin ( ily ) is an archetypal member of a cholesterol - dependent cytolysin subclass that hijacks the complement receptor cd59 to... |
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