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many of the host responses to sepsis are similar to those seen after major injury , with increased energy expenditure ( ee ) , enhanced protein catabolism [ 1 - 3 ] , increased use of lipids as oxidative fuel , and impaired glucose metabolism .
septic patients are insulin resistant ; they have increased hepatic gluco... | introductionit is recognized that administration of insulin with glucose decreases catabolic response in sepsis .
the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two levels of insulinaemia on glucose metabolism and energy expenditure in septic patients and volunteers.methodsglucose uptake , oxidation and s... |
extraesophageal reflux ( eer ) is the backflow of stomach contents into the larynx , pharynx , or oral cavity .
this type of reflux has been implicated in complaints such as hoarseness , chronic cough or throat clearing , a lump in the throat
sensation , and difficulty swallowing as well as laryngeal findings of... | objective . during ambulatory 24-hour dual ph probe monitoring for suspected extraesophageal reflux ( eer ) ,
patients are responsible for indicating relevant study events .
study interpretation relies on patient accuracy and compliance to test instructions .
this study sought to explore patient compliance during... |
oral health - related quality of life ( ohrqol ) is an important aspect of dental health .
it describes the patient s self - perception of his or her current oral health status and its impact on his or her quality of life ( 1 ) .
questionnaires for assessing oral health - related quality of life were mostly develop... | background : paediatric oral disorders are numerous and it can be assumed that those have negative effect on the life quality in children . from 2002 to 2006
were developed the life quality measures for children aged 8 - 10 and 11 - 14 years , child perceptions questionnaires , cpqs .
those are the components of th... |
japan established the universal health care system in 1961 , and the population achieved relatively sophisticated and egalitarian health care at low medical expenditures.1,2 however , japan is facing a historical turning point with an increasing fiscal burden as well as a rapidly aging and decreasing population ; the p... | the universal health care system in japan is facing a historical turning point as a result of the increasing fiscal burden , rapidly aging society , and a decreasing population .
to understand the challenges and opportunities in the japanese pharmaceutical market , which occupies one tenth of the global share , this ... |
currently , aromatase inhibitors , leading to reduction of estradiol synthesis from testosterone , have been favoured in the treatment of breast cancer of postmenopausal women .
letrozole is one such oral nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor which prevents the aromatase from producing estrogens by competitive , reversibl... | reduced estrogens , either through aging or postsurgery breast cancer treatment with the oral nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor letrozole , are linked with declined cognitive abilities . however ,
a direct link between letrozole and neuronal deficits induced by pathogenic insults associated with aging such as beta amy... |
live cell fluorescence microscopy offers a powerful way to examine tissues , cells , and subcellular components at functionally important time and length scales .
the cloning of green - fluorescent protein from the jellyfish aequorea victoria and its expression in non - jellyfish systems empowered fluorescence micros... | the advent of fluorescent proteins ( fp ) for genetic labeling of molecules and cells has revolutionized fluorescence microscopy .
genetic manipulations have created a vast array of bright and stable fps spanning the blue to red spectral regions .
common to autofluorescent fps is their tight -barrel structure , whi... |
antipsychotic drugs ( apds ) are effective treatments for several common psychiatric conditions , including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder .
some but not all apds are associated with weight gain and metabolic dysregulation , a concern because many individuals with psychotic disorders are already metabolically vul... | antipsychotic drugs are widely used in treating schizophrenia , bipolar disorder , and other psychiatric disorders .
many of these drugs , despite their therapeutic advantages , substantially increase body weight .
we assessed the association of alleles of 31 genes implicated in body weight regulation with weight g... |
ankylosing spondylitis ( as ) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton , also associated with peripheral arthritis and cardiac , ocular , and gastrointestinal manifestations .
cardiovascular mortality has been found to be increased in rheumatic diseases , which is attributed to accelerated atherosclero... | aim . increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have been observed in ankylosing spondylitis because of accelerated atherosclerosis .
we measured carotid intima media thickness ( cimt ) as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis in this study .
methods . in this study 37 cases of as and the same number of matc... |
among the parasitic infections , sparganosis is a relatively rare parasitic infection caused by the migrating plerocercoid ( = sparganum ) of spirometra erinacei .
sparganosis is found worldwide but the majority of cases occur in east asia , including korea .
human sparganosis was first reported in china by the dis... | sparganosis , an infection due to the plerocercoid of spirometra erinacei , are found worldwide but the majority of cases occur in east asia including korea .
this report is on a recurred case of sparganosis in the subcutaneous tissue of the right lower leg 1 year after a surgical removal of a worm from a similar reg... |
typologies have been delineated for body structure ( ectomorph , mesomorph , and endomorph ) , mental functioning ( multiple intelligences ) , emotional response ( levels of emotional reactivity or sensation- seeking ) , social relationships ( level of need for attachment ) , and behavioral tendencies ( level of stress... | this paper explores brain patterns associated with the three categories of regulatory principles of the body , mind , and behavior in ayurveda , called vata , pitta , and kapha dosha .
a growing body of research has reported patterns of blood chemistry , genetic expression , physiological states , and chronic disease... |
it is believed that in pathogenesis of pd there are several mechanisms involved , such as : oxidative stress , mitochondrial dysfunction , dna damage , protein aggregation , neuroinflammation , excitotoxicity , apoptosis and loss of trophic factors .
the strategy of pd motor function treatment is simple and generally... | parkinson s disease ( pd ) is one of the most common neurological diseases in elderly people .
the mean age of onset is 55 years of age , and the risk for developing pd increases 5-fold by the age of 70 . in pd
, there is impairment in both motor and nonmotor ( nms ) functions .
the strategy of pd motor dysfuncti... |
since it is difficult for topical antifungal agents to penetrate the nail plate to the nail bed , the treatment period is long and the efficacy is normally poor .
although the efficacy of oral antifungals is good , its effectiveness is only 6070% , and its potential side effects , such as liver and kidney dysfunction... | background : onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail plate and subungual area . in this study , we examined the efficacy of laser treatment using self - controlled study programs involving a long - pulsed nd : yag 1064-nm laser combined with oral medication.methods:self-controlled strategies were followed in th... |
spindle cell lesions of head and neck include a diverse group of clinically and biologically heterogenous lesions ranging from benign - reactive entities to malignancies . in this array , spindle cell carcinoma ( spcc ) stands out as a rare malignant biphasic tumor comprising both epithelial and mesenchymal components ... | the intriguing array of spindle cell lesions occurring , especially in the head and neck region , poses a critical diagnostic challenge not only to the histopathologist but also ultimately to the clinicians for planning an appropriate treatment protocol .
overlapping spectrum of clinico - radiographic and microscopic... |
liraglutide is a once - daily glucagon - like peptide-1 ( glp-1 ) analogue for the treatment of type 2 diabetes . before fda approval
, we initiated a prospective surveillance programme to evaluate potential adverse effects of liraglutide in the usa .
thyroid cancer is the primary endpoint ; however , acute pancrea... | aimwe evaluated the relationship between liraglutide and acute pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer in an ongoing post - marketing safety assessment programme.methodsinitiators of liraglutide , exenatide , metformin , pioglitazone or groups containing initiators of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors or sulfonylureas were i... |
some rearrangements are simple balanced translocations that result from a single fusion and preserve the proper complement of genetic information , although such translocations often disrupt regulation of the genes involved . other rearrangements are complex , with multiple fusions at a single locus and do not maintain... | many cancers exhibit chromosomal rearrangements
. these rearrangements can be simple , involving a single balanced fusion that preserves the proper complement of genetic information , or complex with one or more fusions that disrupt this balance .
recent technological advances have improved our ability to detect an... |
the demographic revolution that is sweeping across industrialized countries will dramatically increase the absolute number of older individuals over the next 40 years . identifying patients most likely to benefit from critical care
is essential , both to prevent suffering related to unnecessary treatments and to ensu... | because the need for intensive care exceeds its availability in several countries , intensivists must admit those patients most likely to benefit .
intensive care unit admissions of elderly patients will increase substantially in the near future . decreased self sufficiency and quality of life are common after hospit... |
-aminobutyric
acid ( gaba ) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
in the mammalian central nervous system .
when gaba concentrations in the brain fall below a threshold level ,
convulsions occur .
it has also been found
that alzheimer s disease , huntington s
chorea , parkinson s disease , and drug addic... | -aminobutyric
acid aminotransferase ( gaba - at ) is a pyridoxal
5-phosphate ( plp)-dependent enzyme that degrades gaba , the
principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian cells .
when the
concentration of gaba falls below a threshold level , convulsions can
occur .
inhibition of gaba - at raises gab... |
most people think of tuberculosis as affecting only the lungs , but in reality it affects almost every part of the body . pulmonary tuberculosis ( tb ) is most common type , accounting for about 70% of cases .
sometimes , pulmonary tb will spread , though this usually happens only in immune - suppressed patients and ... | a 45-year - old man visited our clinic with a painless swelling of the left scrotum and an ulcer as chief complaints .
a hard and indurated mass was palpable with ulcerating foci that were proximal and distal , measuring 3 2 cm and 2 1 cm respectively and about 2 cm apart .
laboratory data were normal except for ... |
conventional orthognathic surgery requires presurgical orthodontic treatment to achieve dental decompensation and establish stable surgical occlusion .
however , presurgical orthodontic treatment has several disadvantages such as prolonged treatment time or worsening of function and facial profiles .
therefore , or... | objectivethe aim of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dental changes after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy ( ivro ) with and without presurgical orthodontics by using cone - beam computed tomography ( cbct).methodsthis retrospective cohort study included 24 patients ( mean age , 22.1 years ) with skeletal ... |
although epitope tagging has been widely used for analyzing protein function in many organisms , there are few genetic tools for epitope tagging in tetrahymena . in this study
, we describe several c - terminal epitope tagging modules that can be used to express tagged proteins in tetrahymena cells by both plasmid- a... | |
the genus origanum l. ( lamiaceae ) is represented by 26 taxa in turkey , including 15 endemic species.[13 ] origanum hypericifolium schwartz and p.h .
davis are endemic species with limited distribution and included in the lower risk and conservation - dependent category in red data book of turkey .
[ figure 1 ] o... | this study established baseline data on lytic anticandidal activities of endemic species origanum hypericifolium and salvia potentillifolia naturally distributed in denizli and its environment .
stream distillation was used to isolate the unfatty polar part and clinical isolated candida spp .
strains were subcultur... |
acute inhalation of ozone is associated with a inflammatory response characterized by the accumulation of macrophages at sites of tissue injury .
these cells , along with resident alveolar epithelial cells , become activated and release cytotoxic and proinflammatory mediators , such as nitric oxide ( .no ) , that we ... | |
in a previous issue of critical care , dankbaar and colleagues presented a systematic review of clinical studies of hyperdynamic therapy and its components on cerebral blood flow ( cbf ) .
symptomatic cerebral vasospasm is defined as cerebral ischemia attributable to narrowing of intracranial arteries and loss of c... | although hyperdynamic therapy is an accepted method of treatment of patients with symptomatic cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage , it remains unproven in large scale trials and controlled studies .
furthermore , methods of hyperdynamic therapy and specific endpoints vary widely .
a systemat... |
pregnant women and their fetuses are at increased risk of complications of viral , bacterial , and parasitic infections . maternal infection is associated with birth defects as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes , such as intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth and developmental disabilities [ 24 ] .
for ... | background .
maternal infection is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes , and ob - gyns are in a unique position to help prevent and treat infections . methods .
this paper summarizes studies completed by the research department of the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists regarding perinatal in... |
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is the leading cause of dementia in developed countries .
thus , approximately 5% of all persons over age 70 have ad ( late - onset ad , load ) ; this proportion raises to 25%45% in oldest old ( > 85 years ) individuals .
about 10% of ad patients develop symptoms before age 65 , more o... | the genetics of late - onset alzheimer 's disease ( load ) has taken impressive steps forwards in the last few years . to date , more than six - hundred genes have been linked to the disorder .
however , only a minority of them are supported by a sufficient level of evidence .
this review focused on such genes and ... |
destabilization of the vascular endothelium as well as escape of fluid from the vascular bed is one of the main factors leading to vasodilatation , decrease in blood pressure , and the development of early complications of acute pancreatitis ( ap ) , which clinically manifest themselves as shock and developing organ fa... | within the first week of the disease , acute kidney injury ( aki ) is among the most common causes of mortality in acute pancreatitis ( ap ) .
recently , serum angiopoietin-2 ( ang-2 ) has been associated with hyperdynamic state of the systemic circulation .
the aim of this study was to examine the associations bet... |
human serum albumin ( hsa ) is the most abundant plasma protein in the human body and plays an important role in drug transport and metabolism . generally regarded as a nonspecific transport protein ,
additionally , the enzymatic activity of hsa on different substrates and drugs has also been studied and documented .... | in this work , we present a study of the interaction between human serum albumin ( hsa ) and acetylsalicylic acid ( asa , c9h8o4 ) by molecular dynamics simulations ( md ) .
starting from an experimentally resolved structure of the complex , we performed the extraction of the ligand by means of the application of an ... |
myelin is a product of nervous system evolution . in some invertebrates such as cephalopods ( squid , octopus ) ,
an increase in axonal diameter called axonal gigantism serves as a means to speed up action potentials ( hartline and colman , 2007 ) .
the obvious disadvantage of this strategy , however , is that it... | myelin regeneration is indispensably important for patients suffering from several central nervous system ( cns ) disorders such as multiple sclerosis ( ms ) and spinal cord injury ( sci ) , because it is not only essential for restoring neurophysiology , but also protects denuded axons for secondary degeneration .
u... |
echinococcosis or hydatid disease ( hd ) is a parasitic disease infected by a cystic larval form of the cyclophyllidean tapeworm , echinococcus .
human is one of its intermediate hosts , which include sheep , cattle , goats , rodents , marsupials , and other herbivorous mammals .
four taxonomically relevant species... | a 25-year - old uzbek male presented with right upper abdominal pain for 20 days . on radiologic studies , a huge cystic mass was noticed in the right liver which was suspected as parasitic .
the patient received right hepatic segmentectomy ( segment 7 ) , and the surgically resected mass was confirmed as cystic echi... |
the presence of peritoneal metastases is often considered a terminal condition , not amenable to standard therapeutic management
. however , cytoreductive surgery ( crs ) followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy ( hipec ) offers a promising alternative when implemented on well - selected patients .
mos... | background .
peritoneal carcinomatosis ( pc ) is associated with a poor prognosis .
cytoreductive surgery ( crs ) and hipec play an important role in well - selected patients with pc .
the aim of the study is to present the differences in the intraoperative parameters in patients who received hipec in two differe... |
the benign fatty tumor , the lipoma , is composed of adult fat cells that are subdivided into lobules by septae of fibrous connective tissue .
it appears most frequently in the subcutis of adults and is histologically indistinguishable from normal adipose tissue .
it has been shown that the fat of lipoma is not use... | lipoma is the commonest benign tumor occurring at any anatomical site , where fat is present . in oral cavity and oropharynx , it is a relatively uncommon neoplasm .
tongue , which is totally devoid of fat cell is also a site for lipoma but very rarely .
we report one such rare case of the universal tumor , of 20 y... |
ischemic mitral regurgitation ( imr ) is a result of stenosis or occlusion of one or more coronary arteries , which causes myocardial ischemia and hence mitral valve dysfunction .
imr , characterized by blood reflux into the left atrium during the systole , may lead to structural and functional changes , or remodelin... | ischemic mitral regurgitation ( imr ) is a common complication of acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) .
current evidences suggest that revascularization of the culprit vessels with percutaneous coronary artery intervention ( pci ) or coronary artery bypass grafting can be beneficial for relieving imr . a 2.5-year fol... |
all experiments were performed in compliance with the national institutes of health guide for the care and use of laboratory animals and the arvo statement for the use ofanimals in ophthalmic and vision research .
the protocol was approved by the institutional animal care and use committee of the university of miami ... | purposealthough normal function of the lacrimal gland is essential for vision ( and thus for human well - being ) , the lacrimal gland remains rather poorly understood at a molecular level .
the purpose of this study was to identify new genes and signaling cascades involved in lacrimal gland development.methodsto ide... |
goal directed behavior requires the ability to recognize appropriate responses and to flexibly adjust behavior in response to an error . even in the absence of explicit feedback
, people demonstrate characteristic reactions following an error and often spontaneously correct their response ( nieuwenhuis et al . , 2001... | research examining the neural mechanisms associated with error awareness has consistently identified dorsal anterior cingulate cortex ( acc ) activity as necessary but not predictive of conscious error detection .
two recent studies ( steinhauser and yeung , 2010 ; wessel et al . , 2011 ) have found a contrary patter... |
single umbilical artery ( sua ) is characterized by the presence of one umbilical vein and the absence of one of the umbilical arteries instead of the normal umbilical cord containing one vein and two arteries ( three - vessel cord ) , and is considered a malformation . among all deliveries , sua is the most common ano... | backgroundto evaluate the association between the isolated single umbilical artery ( isua ) and perinatal outcomes , including pregnancy outcomes and perinatal complications.material/methodswe performed a meta - analysis of 15 eligible studies regarding the relationship between the isua and perinatal outcomes , includi... |
mixed neuronal - glial tumors , such as ganglioglioma , were first reported in 19307 ) .
anaplastic ganglioglioma is a world health organization ( who ) grade iii neoplasm , which is defined as a tumor with well - differentiated ganglion cell elements and a histologically malignant glial component5 ) .
however , ma... | objectivemalignant gliomas with neuronal marker expression ( mgwnm ) are rare and poorly characterized .
increasingly diverse types of mgwnm have been described and these reported cases underscore the dilemmas in the classification and diagnosis of those tumors .
the aim of this study is to provide additional insig... |
rhino - orbital - mucormycosis is an aggressive , angioinvasive fungal infection seen in immunocompromised hosts .
the risk factors are poorly controlled diabetes mellitus , neutropenia , hematological malignancies , long - term deferroxamine therapy , intravenous drug abuse and cytotoxic therapy .
patients with di... | rhino - orbital mucormycosis is an uncommon and aggressive , angioinvasive fungal infection that occurs in immunocompromised states like diabetes mellitus , chronic renal failure , hematological malignancies and deferroxamine therapy .
we report a patient who presented with rhino - orbital mucormycosis at six months ... |
recently , the concept of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance ( mgrs ) has emerged , including all renal diseases related to monoclonal gammopathy , and underlying the role of the b - cell clone in the pathogeny of this disease .
monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease ( midd ) is part of mgrs , and is a... | light and heavy chain deposition disease ( lhcdd ) is a rare complication of monoclonal gammopathy . in all documented cases , lhcdd is the association of deposits of a monoclonal light chain with a normal heavy chain , especially in the kidneys .
we describe here a 78-year - old woman whose renal biopsy showed nodul... |
sickle - cell disease ( scd ) is prevalent in the eastern province of saudi arabia , and many patients are admitted to hospitals with painful vaso - occlusive crises . some patients present with fever as part of their symptomatology .
however , whether this fever is part of the crisis itself or a manifestation of inf... | objectives : the objective of this study was to determine the frequency and pattern of pulmonary manifestations in febrile patients with sickle - cell disease ( scd ) , a condition prevalent in the eastern province of saudi arabia.design:the main pulmonary complications in febrile adult scd patients were studied betwee... |
in recent years , it has become clear that elevated prolactin levels are often associated with hyperinsulinaemia , insulin resistance , atherogenic dyslipidaemia , subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction [ 16 ] .
a quick - release form of bromocriptine was found to reduce plasma glucose levels , glyca... | metformin was found to affect plasma levels of some pituitary hormones .
this study was aimed at investigating whether metformin treatment has an impact on plasma prolactin levels in bromocriptine - treated patients with hyperprolactinaemia and impaired glucose tolerance .
the study included 27 patients with hyperp... |
pulmonary sporotrichosis is a rare clinical entity caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus sporothrix schenckii .
pulmonary sporotrichosis is usually a disseminated infection secondary to cutaneous sporotrichosis acquired by traumatic inoculation .
primary pulmonary sporotrichosis , acquired by inhalation of conid... | primary pulmonary sporotrichosis , a rare fungal disease was found in chronic alcoholic farmer from the sub - himalayan region , an endemic mycoses area .
primary pulmonary sporotrichosis is a hidden entity , at times mimicking tuberculosis , and often under or lately diagnosed due to lack of awareness .
we should ... |
this article presents an overview of an innovative 12-month united states based faculty research fellowship that was designed to foster research skills within the context of an interprofessional collaborative research practice .
the goal of the fellowship was to improve the scholarly productivity of clinical faculty... | abstractthis article describes an interprofessional collaborative research practice fellowship designed to foster the research skills of clinical faculty .
the year - long fellowship was grounded in big data analysis and the triangle of informatics knowledge , information , and data .
fellows were selected to incl... |
in scientific terms , scents are mixtures of volatile compounds with a high vapor pressure and a molecular weight , which is usually < 300 g mol ( 1 ) .
human beings often associate scents with volatiles that can be perceived by the human nose and have a pleasant smell .
but the entire group of volatile compounds c... | volatiles are efficient mediators of chemical communication acting universally as attractant , repellent or warning signal in all kingdoms of life . beside this broad impact volatiles have in nature , scents are also widely used in pharmaceutical , food and cosmetic industries , so the identification of new scents is o... |
human myiasis refers to the contamination and attack of dipterous larvae to human living tissues ( 2 ) .
one of the proper places for growth and reproduction of flies larvae is hay and straw barn during winter ( 3 ) .
flies eggs are usually in less than 20 numbers in each group , but sometimes they are increased to... | contamination of human and animal body tissues with flies larvae and diptera cause myiasis . a 26 yr old female patient refers to kashan shahid beheshti hospital , central iran because of urogenital infection , pain in the right part of stomach , smelly and reddish vaginal discharge and frequent urination . in the firs... |
the mixed lineage leukemia ( mll ) protein is a mammalian homologue of drosophila trithorax , functioning as a transcriptional maintenance factor during morphogenesis 2 .
in fact , mll normally regulates transcription initiation and elongation of a specific set of hox genes .
the human mll gene on chromosome 11 is ... | translocations between the human mixed lineage leukemia ( mll ) and af4 family ( aff ) member genes , are implicated in leukemia .
mutations to affs can disrupt lymphopoesis , cns development and spermatogenesis .
however , despite the growing list of pathologies linked to aff members , their evolutionary relations... |
osteoporosis is a metabolic skeletal disorder characterized as decreased bone strength and significantly increased risk of fracture .
particularly , spine and hip fractures are associated with poor outcomes , which usually require hospitalization and surgery .
in addition , these fractures also significantly increa... | backgroundb vitamins ( including folate , b6 , and b12 ) supplementation can effectively and easily modify high plasma homocysteine ( hcy ) . however , the role of hcy in the pathogenesis of osteoporotic fracture and bone turnover is still controversial . this meta - analysis aimed to assess the impact of b vitamin sup... |
lipoprotein - associated phospholipase a2 ( lp - pla2 ) is a calcium - independent enzyme that circulates in plasma in its constitutively active form [ 1 , 2 ] .
it is secreted by the inflammatory cells , including monocyte - derived macrophages , t cells and mast cells , and circulates primarily bound to low - densi... | evidence suggests that inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis ( libby , nature 420:868874 , 2002 ) .
inflammation is a physiologic process with highly regulated and often redundant mechanisms to balance pro - inflammatory and anti - inflammatory responses .
the complexity of these ... |
osteoporosis is a severe disease that reduces both the quality and quantity of life .
the disease is characterized as having decreased bone strength leading to increased fracture risk , and it is clinically diagnosed as having bone mineral density ( bmd ) 2.5 standard deviations below the adult peak mean . the di... | women with increased risk of the female athlete triad ( triad ) are more susceptible to osteoporosis compared to other women .
the study included 65 women with increased risk of the triad who had their osteoporosis health beliefs measured to assess their concern for the disease .
participants were female collegiate... |
diagnostic studies are clinical studies , designed to evaluate different diagnostic methods / approaches . thus , they are subject to good clinical practice and guidelines from health authorities . besides , due to additionally specific guidelines [ fda , cpmp ] the efficacy of a diagnostic approach needs to be proven ... | purposeto evaluate the effect of the number of readers on the statistical results in peripheral mra.materials and methods40 patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease were included as a sample dataset in this study , randomly separated into two matched groups with n = 20 patients ( group 1gadobutrol , group ... |
the ever - aging american population is presenting to spinal surgeons increasingly with high expectations of continued quality of life well into the seventh , eighth , and ninth decades of life .
however , while surgical treatment of asd is the only viable option for patients failing conservative measures , the surgi... | introduction .
adult spinal deformity ( asd ) surgeries carry significant morbidity , and this has led many surgeons to apply minimally invasive surgery ( mis ) techniques to reduce the blood loss , infections , and other peri - operative complications .
a spectrum of techniques for mis correction of asd has thus e... |
nocardiosis is an rare , opportunistic bacterial infection caused by nocardia species that predominantly affects the respiratory tract of immunocompromised patients ( 1 ) .
the genus nocardia includes > 80 species , of which > 30 have been shown to cause disease in humans .
lung nocardiosis is the most common type ... | nocardiosis is a rare bacterial infection of either the lungs ( pulmonary ) or body ( systemic ) that usually affects immunocompromised individuals .
it is caused by gram - positive , aerobic actinomycetes of the nocardia genus .
multiple high - density sheet shadows in both lungs along with nodules or cavities are... |
preterm neonate the classic high - risk neonate is one born before completion of week 37 of gestation [ 13 ] .
medical and technological developments over the last few decades have increased the survival rates of infants born as preterm . yet many of the procedures that are a necessary part of their postnatal care ... | objective .
touch is one of the first strong positive senses that develop in neonate .
therapeutic touch could be considered as a complementary treatment in neonate intensive care units ( nicu ) .
methods .
this quasi - experimental study was conducted to compare the effect of yakson and ght on behavioral react... |
adults with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk for brain atrophy and cerebrovascular disease , which may lead to cognitive deficits , cognitive impairment , and dementia ( 1,2 ) .
type 2 diabetes has a direct effect on brain health through impaired glucose and insulin transfer , brain insulin resistance , hypoglyc... | objectivetype 2 diabetes increases the accumulation of brain white matter hyperintensities and loss of brain tissue .
behavioral interventions to promote weight loss through dietary changes and increased physical activity may delay these adverse consequences .
we assessed whether participation in a successful 10-ye... |
colonic diverticulosis of the sigmoid and descending part of the colon is common , but the right colon is rarely involved .
appendiceal diverticulosis was first described by kelynack in 1893 and is usually an incidental finding mostly without clinical symptoms .
sometimes , appendiceal diverticulosis can be assoc... | diverticulosis of the vermiform appendix is rare and usually asymptomatic or associated with mild , chronic or intermittent abdominal pain .
a 52-year - old patient was admitted to our department due to lower abdominal pain .
assuming the second episode of diverticulitis of the sigmoid , a computed tomography ( ct ... |
primary aldosteronism ( pa ) is the most common cause of surgically curable secondary hypertension and affects more than 10% of the general hypertensive population .
stage 2 hypertension according to the seventh joint national committee ( jnc 7 ) with or without symptomatic hypokalemia leads to a higher probability... | accumulating evidence has shown the adverse effect of long - term hyperaldosteronism on cardiovascular morbidity that is independent of blood pressure . however , the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism ( pa ) remains a challenge for patients who present with subtle or atypical features or have chronic kidney disease ( ... |
toxocariasis is the clinical term for infection in the human host by either toxocara canis or toxocara cati . both of these organisms are ascarid nematodes in the order ascaridida , superfamily ascaridoidea , family toxocaridae .
visceral larva migrans ( vlm ) syndrome , a clinical manifestation of systemic toxocaria... | visceral larva migrans ( vlm ) syndrome is a clinical manifestation of systemic organ involvement by toxocara species . vlm with involvement of the bladder and liver is a rare finding . a 62-year - old woman presented with diffuse bladder wall thickening and multiple liver masses with peripheral eosinophilia and urinar... |
although there is no consensus on optimal levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin d as measured in serum , vitamin d deficiency is defined by most experts as a 25-hydroxyvitamin d level of less than 20 ng / ml . with the use of such definitions
, it has been estimated that 1 billion people worldwide have vitamin d deficiency or ... | introduction : vitamin d deficiency has been documented across all age groups and both sexes from india . however , there is paucity of data on vitamin d deficiency in a particular cohort of population.objectives:to assess the vitamin d status in a cohort of physicians and diabetologists in kolkata.material and methods... |
an invasive pest species of agricultural importance has wide economic impact because of decreased yield , and costs associated with implementing pest control strategies . in the last 10 years , the glassy - winged sharpshooter , homalodisca coagulata , has become established in california and represents one of the most... | the glassy - winged sharpshooter , homalodisca coagulata ( homoptera : cicadellidae ) , is a highly polyphagous insect species that is distributed throughout most of the southern regions of the united states . in the last 10 years
, h. coagualta has become established in california and represents a significant threat... |
citrus / cydonia is an anthroposophic medicine , which contains extracts of lemon ( citrus limon ( l. ) burm .
, the combination of preparations from citrus and cydonia has been prescribed as a subcutaneous injection or nasal spray for patients who suffer from seasonal allergic rhinitis ( sar ) .
both in vitro [ 2 ... | this paper examined the effects of the combined product , citrus e fructibus / cydonia e fructibus ( citrus / cydonia ; citrus and cydonia : each 0.01 g / ml ) , and separate products of citrus ( 0.01 g / ml ) and cydonia ( 0.01 g / ml ) on the immunological pathways involved in seasonal allergic rhinitis ( sar ) . ... |
invertebrates mainly rely on their innate immune defenses to battle a variety of invading microbial pathogens . among these molecules
the antimicrobial peptides ( amps ) play an important role in the humoral innate immune mechanism of invertebrates .
amps have received increasing attention in recent years as their ... | antimicrobial peptides are humoral innate immune components of molluscs that provide protection against pathogenic microorganisms . among these ,
histone - h2a - derived antimicrobial peptides are known to actively participate in host defense responses of molluscs .
present study deals with identification of putati... |
krukenberg was the first to describe a signet ring cell carcinoma of the ovary . later on it
was shown that these carcinomas were metastases from tumours of the gastrointestinal tract [ 2 , 3 ] . in the past few years
, there were reports of 13 cases of primary ovarian stromal tumours with signet ring cells .
mos... | a 24-year - old female patient presented with an extremely rare primary signet cell carcinoma of the right ovary 1 year after surgery for a mucinous borderline tumour of the left ovary .
relaparotomy was carried out with right adnexectomy , appendectomy and partial omentectomy .
surgery was followed by 6 courses of... |
osteoporosis , defined as an inappropriate decrease in bone mass , is a common disease affecting the majority of the populations with older age .
it is featured as the gradual reduction in bone strength with advancing age , particularly in women after menopause .
age is the strongest factor in osteoporosis ; howeve... | background : published data indicate that thyroid stimulating hormone receptor ( tshr ) activities are associated with osteoporosis in some patients.aim:this study aimed to elucidate whether a given polymorphism of the tshr gene is associated with osteoporosis.materials and methods : one hundred and fifty subjects with... |
contemporary restorative dentistry places a certain emphasis on adhesion and resin cements because of all - ceramic restorations becoming increasingly popular .
long - term survival of all - ceramic restorations depends on the success of a durable bonding between ceramic , adhesive cement and dentin .
adhesion can ... | objective : the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood contamination and haemostatic agents such as ankaferd blood stopper ( abs ) and hydrogen peroxide ( h2o2 ) on the microtensile bond strength between dual cured resin cement - dentin interface.material and methods : twelve pressed lithium disilic... |
an expanded description of materials and methods is given in the online appendix ( available at http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/dc09-1999/dc1 ) .
they were divided into 205 subjects with normal glucose tolerance ( ngt ) , 40 with ifg , 43 igt , 32 with new - onset type 2 diabetes , 64 with 10 years ... | objectivereduction of bone marrow derived circulating progenitor cells has been proposed as a novel mechanism of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes .
the present study was designed to describe the extent and potential mechanisms of progenitor cell reduction during the natural history of type 2 diabetes.resear... |
the atherosclerosis risk in communities ( aric ) study is a community - based prospective cohort study of 15,792 middle - aged adults sampled from four u.s . communities .
the first clinic examinations ( visit 1 ) took place during 19871989 , with three follow - up visits approximately every 3 years ( 12 ) .
visit ... | objectiveglycated hemoglobin was recently recommended for use as a diagnostic test for diabetes .
we examined the association between 2010 american diabetes association diagnostic cut points for glycated hemoglobin and microvascular outcomes ( chronic kidney disease , end - stage renal disease [ esrd ] , and retinopa... |
it is estimated that there are more than 350 million hbv carriers in the world .
hbv is the most common cause of chronic liver disease including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma .
recently , potent oral nucleos(t)ide analogues ( na ) , including entecavir and tenofovir , have been widely used in the tre... | recent studies suggest that liver cirrhosis is reversible after administering oral nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy to patients with hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection .
however , few studies have addressed whether esophageal varices can regress after such therapy .
we report a case of complete regression of esophag... |
the contact sites through which neurons pass electrical or chemical signals to other cells are termed synapses .
presynaptic sites are usually located on axons , while post - synaptic sites are found on dendrites , neuronal somata or non - neuronal targets that require innervation , including muscle and blood vessels... | synapse formation , maintenance and plasticity are critical for the correct function of the nervous system and its target organs . during development , these processes enable the establishment of appropriate neural circuits . during adulthood , they allow adaptation to both physiological and environmental changes . in ... |
laparoscopic nissen fundoplication is an established operative procedure with a low morbidity and mortality for patients with symptomatic hiatus hernias .
however , a rare but a serious life - threatening complication : para - oesophageal hernia , can occur following an uneventful operation .
we describe a case her... | we describe a case of an acute paraoesophageal hernia in the early post - operative period following a laparoscopic nissen fundoplication .
patient developed intraoperative tension pneumothorax requiring an immediate chest drain and subsequently needed respiratory support of a continuous positive airway pressure ( cp... |
postnatal pruning then selectively removes redundant or anatomically inappropriate axon branches ( kano and hashimoto , 2009 , lichtman and colman , 2000 ) . such pruning comes in diverse manifestations that differ in morphology and extent , as well as in driving force , which in some cases are stereotypical molecula... | summarydevelopmental axon remodeling is characterized by the selective removal of branches from axon arbors .
the mechanisms that underlie such branch loss are largely unknown . additionally , how neuronal resources are specifically assigned to the branches of remodeling arbors is not understood .
here we show tha... |
blue nevus is considered a benign lesion that only in rare cases may progress into melanoma .
the term malignant blue nevus includes both a melanoma that arose within a common or a cellular blue nevus or a de novo melanoma simulating a blue nevus .
a peculiar type of blue nevus is the so - called large plaque typ... | the term large plaque type blue nevus with subcutaneous cellular nodules ( lptbn - sn ) refers to a huge blue nevus , usually located on the trunk , that develops subcutaneous nodules many years after the lesion has appeared .
the potential malignancy of an lptbn - sn was only discovered in 2012.we report the case of... |
exploring patterns of phenotypic variation during ontogeny and phylogeny is fundamental to gaining insights into the processes of evolutionary diversification , including the mechanisms of speciation .
the connection between development , evolutionary history , ecology , and morphology has intrigued evolutionary biol... | the divergence in phenotype and habitat preference within the crested newt triturus cristatus superspecies , examined across different ontogenetic stages , provides an excellent setting to explore the pattern of adaptive radiation . the crested newts form a well - supported monophyletic clade for which at least the ful... |
canalolithiasis involves most frequently the posterior semicircular canal ( pc ) ; lateral semicircular canal ( lc ) and , overall , the anterior semicircular canal ( ac ) are interested more rarely [ 47 ] .
paroxysmal positional nystagmus ( ppny ) has , in most cases , some paradigmatic features that leave no doubt ... | the aim of this study is to verify the hypothesis that free - floating particles could sometimes localize into the distal portion of the non ampullary arm of the posterior semicircular canal ( psc ) so that assuming the dix - hallpike 's positions , the clot could move towards the ampulla eliciting a inhibitory torsion... |
r(+ ) limonene ( lmn ) is the major aromatic compound in essential oils obtained from oranges , grapefruits , and lemons .
it is used as a flavouring agent in perfumes , creams , soaps , household cleaning products as well as in several foods such as fruit beverages and confectionary products ( espina et al . , 2011 ... | the aim of this work is to evaluate the activity of r(+ ) limonene of against anisakidae larvae .
its effectiveness was tested in vitro .
the results obtained showed a significant activity of the compound against anisakis larvae , suggesting further investigation on its potential use in the industrial marinating pr... |
this excessive amount of cementum might lead to an abnormal thickness of the apex that becomes round - shaped and/or with the root appearance altered macroscopically6 .
grzesik , et al.8 studied the frequency of this phenomenon in 137 individuals and observed an average of 3.8 teeth with hypercementosis per individua... | the purpose of this study was to evaluate morphological characteristics of teeth with hypercementosis that are relevant to endodontic practice .
twenty - eight extracted teeth with hypercementosis had their root apexes analyzed by scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) .
the teeth were divided according to tooth grou... |
supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659 - 011 - 0036 - 2 and is accessible for authorized users .
| four new dammarane - type triterpenoid saponins , namely notoginsenosides sft1-sft4 ( 14 ) were isolated from the steamed leaves of panax notoginseng ( burk . ) f. h. chen ( araliaceae ) , together with 17 known saponins .
their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses and acidic hy... |
to paraphrase bob dylan , the times , they
are a - changin
for the field of risk assessment .
risk assessors have been hearing
a crescendo of calls seeking more holistic and systems - based approaches
as well as greater transparency and stakeholder involvement , all with
an eye toward supporting the near - ... | with growing calls for changes in the field of risk assessment ,
improved systematic approaches for addressing environmental issues
with greater transparency and stakeholder engagement are needed to
ensure sustainable trade - offs . here
we describe the comprehensive
environmental assessment ( cea ) approach ... |
bread is one of the major contributors of human diet that playing an important role in the primary energy needs of iranian families , is considered as the most important source of energy , protein , minerals and vitamins [ 3 - 5 ] .
almost 60 - 65% of the protein and calories and near 2.3 g of minerals come from br... | summarybackground.bread is a valuable source of proteins , minerals and calories .
baking soda prevents the absorption and digestion of bread and more salt used in production of bread also causes different diseases .
this study was conducted to determine the amount of soda and salt in bakeries.method.cross-sectiona... |
glucocorticoids are the stress hormones secreted from the adrenals after activation of the
hypothal - amus - pituitary - adrenal ( hpa ) axis ; that is , corticosterone
in rats and mice , cortisol in humans . the effect on synaptic
plasticity and memory formation
is mediated by two types of
nuclear receptor... | corticosteroids regulate stress response and influence emotion , learning , and memory via two receptors in the brain , the high - affinity mineralocorticoid ( mr ) and low - affinity glucocorticoid receptor ( gr ) .
we test the hypothesis that mr- and gr - mediated effects interact in emotion and cognition when a no... |
grant : during the preparation of this work , support was received from the ministero italiano dell'universit della pubblica istruzione , 2014 . | inflammation is a process that plays an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and immune disease , involving multiple cell types , including macrophages , t - lymphocytes , endothelial cells , smooth muscle cells and mast cells .
the fundamental damage of atherosclerosis is the atheromat... |
to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis ( tb ) in south korea ( hereafter korea ) to that of developed countries , and to establish korea as a tb - free nation by 2025 , the korea centers for disease control and prevention ( kcdc ) has suggested implementation of a tb - related program in 2017 .
this program would in... | the korea centers for diseases control and prevention ( kcdc ) has announced a control program against latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection ( ltbi ) , for a tb - safe country this year with the goal of a tb - free korea by 2025 .
the program includes high school students as one target group ; however , som... |
an increasingly sedentary lifestyle combined with rising consumption of caloric foods has transformed obesity into a global event .
obesity is a low - level , chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial etiology that includes eating habits , a sedentary lifestyle , and genetic predisposition that promotes the ... | four - week - old female wistar rats were divided into two groups and fed a control diet ( c ) or a hyperlipidic diet ( h ) for 4 weeks .
rats from each group underwent ovariectomy ( ovx ) or sham surgery ( sham ) .
they received c or h for the next four weeks . the body weight gain ( bw ) , food efficiency ( fe ) ... |
air travel , for business , family or vacation , is part of modern life in western societies .
lower costs , greater convenience of travel , and greater longevity mean that older , retired people now frequently wish to travel by air and many of these travellers will have chronic ailments , including chronic heart fai... | aimto conduct a survey in a representative cohort of ambulatory patients with stable , well managed chronic heart failure ( chf ) to discover their experiences of air travel.methodsan expert panel including a cardiologist , an exercise scientist , and a psychologist developed a series of survey questions designed to el... |
prolonged imbalance of caloric intake and energy expenditure leads to complex metabolic disorder of obesity .
it is associated with most common and chronic human diseases including type 2 diabetes , heart diseases , hypertension , and cancer .
angiogenesis , the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones ... | introduction .
ghrelin is a gastrointestinal endocrine peptide that was initially identified as the endogenous ligand of growth hormone secretagogue receptor ; however , recently , the cardiovascular effect of this peptide has been indicated . in this study , we investigated the effect of ghrelin administration on se... |
though occasionally reported , cardiac involvement is a rare phenotypic feature of facio - scapulo - humeral muscular dystrophy ( fsh - md).1 ) cardiac involvement in fsh - md includes cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias.1 ) though various arrhythmias have been found in patients with fsh - md , pre - excitation - syndrome h... | pre - excitation - syndrome has not been reported as a phenotypic feature of facio - scapulo - humeral muscular dystrophy ( fsh - md ) . in a 39-year - old male with fsh - md due to a reduced tandem repeat size in the d4z4-locus on chromosome 4q35 , cardiac involvement , manifesting as an incomplete right bundle - bran... |
periodontitis is characterized by a pathological process triggered by the host response against pathogenic bacteria present in the dental biofilm .
it is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the periodontium resulting in tissue destruction and even in the loss of the dental organ .
cytokines such as interleu... | the present study aimed to evaluate in vitro whether biomechanical loading modulates proinflammatory and bone remodeling mediators production by periodontal ligament ( pdl ) cells in the presence of bacterial challenge .
cells were seeded on bioflex culture plates and exposed to fusobacterium nucleatum atcc 25586 and... |
myopia is a significant public health problem worldwide and is especially prominent in east asian countries such as china and singapore [ 16 ] .
the incidence of myopia tends to increase in adolescence and is the main cause of low vision among the population .
the exact mechanism underlying development of myopia ha... | purpose . to investigate the changes of anterior segment after cycloplegia and
estimate the association of such changes with the changes of refraction in chinese school - aged children of myopia , emmetropia , and hyperopia .
methods .
309 children were recruited and eligible subjects were assigned to three group... |
primary hyperparathyroidism ( phpt ) syndrome is an endocrine disorder , characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone from one or more parathyroid glands .
the elevation of pth usually leads to hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia ; patients may present with classic skeletal disease , recurrent nephrolit... | the association between pancreatitis and primary hyperparathyroidism ( phpt ) is controversial .
we report a 32-year - old man who presented with recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis .
primary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed after the fourth episode of pancreatitis .
he had no additional risk factors for pa... |
interim coverage of a prepared tooth during various stages of treatment is an important step in the construction of fixed dental prostheses .
the provisional restoration is currently recognized to have a fundamental role in the determination of success or failure of permanent restorations .
marginal accuracy is of ... | purpose : the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the primary marginal accuracy of four commercially available provisional materials ( protemp 4 , luxatemp star , visalys temp and dpi tooth moulding powder and liquid ) at 2 time intervals ( 10 and 30 min).materials and methods : a customized stai... |
although it is difficult to define a high altitude , it is generally accepted as being over
3,000 m above sea level where clinical , physiological , anatomical , and biochemical changes
can be substantial1 . at high altitude , the
human body experiences various physiological responses , such as an increase in br... | [ purpose ] this study compared the respiratory function and oxygen saturation levels of
university students living at high altitude , to present a new approach for improving
respiratory function using high altitudes above sea level . [ subjects and methods ] the
subjects were 100 female students attending a univ... |
a 75-year - old female presented with two nodules of 1.5 cm and 1.0 cm on the scalp in an area of previous excision . a year before
the patient s physician had excised a mass without taking samples for histology ( initial situation : figure 1 ( fig .
1 ) ; preoperative state one year after first excision : figure 2... | primary adenoid carcinoma are rare skin tumors . we present a 75-year - old female with this primary cutaneous tumor of the scalp with additional bone involvement .
wide scalp excision with bone enclosure , latissimus - dorsi - free - flap defect overage , and subsequent radiation slowed down the disease but could no... |
cochrane database of systematic reviews , published by the cochrane library provides the gold standard evidence for intervention , diagnosis , etc .
, the standard of systematic review is maintained by uniform criteria of the research question , selection of studies , and data analysis including interpretation . afte... | around 1300 different types of dental implants are available worldwide and the implant manufacturers are resorting to aggressive marketing strategies ; claiming their implants to provide a superior outcome .
the clinician is left with a constant dilemma on which implant to choose for better clinical outcome and welfa... |
varicella - zoster virus ( vzv ) is a human herpesvirus that causes chickenpox and herpes zoster .
the most common neurologic complication of vzv reactivation is herpetic neuralgia , which is usually self - limited .
however , vzv reactivation in immunocompromised patients can cause disseminated infections and seve... | varicella zoster virus ( vzv ) is a human neurotropic alphaherpesvirus that causes chickenpox ( varicella ) in children .
vzv reactivation may lead to neurological complications , including transverse myelitis . however , transverse myelitis caused by vzv reactivation is rare in immunocompetent patients .
herein , ... |
a mouthguard is a protective appliance that effectively prevents the oromaxillofacial region from possible injuries during various physical activities.1,2 it has been shown that mouthguards absorb shocks to protect teeth and periodontal tissues , and also help prevent even more serious trauma , including maxillary frac... | purposethe purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of occlusal stability to identify action mechanisms of mouthguards , known to have a modulatory effect on limb muscle function.materials and methodsthis study included 20 male subjects to perform the isokinetic muscle tests and the wingate anaerobic power tes... |
stroke is a dramatic medical problem : in fact when considered separatelyfrom other cardiovascular diseases , stroke is a third cause of death for females and fourth for male in the united states after heart disease and cancer .
it was shown that the number of stroke events in europe would increase from 1.1 million p... | purpose . to correlate ultrasonographic peak systolic velocity ( us - psv ) and 64-row multidetector computed tomography angiography ( mdcta ) with advanced vessel analysis ( ava ) software in the quantification of 5070% carotid artery stenosis .
materials and methods . 199 consecutive patients ( 247 arteries ) with ... |
medicinal plants are herbal preparations produced by subjecting plant materials to extraction , fractionation , purification , and other physical or biological processes , which may be produced for immediate consumption or as a basis of herbal drugs
. the therapeutic properties of medicinal plants are conditioned by ... | context : gastric ulcer is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders . a number of studies have been carried out to determine the efficacy of herbal medicines in the treatment of gastric ulcer.objectives:the present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti - ulcerogenic activity of methanol extract of gomph... |
malaria , a tropical parasitic disease , is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world . estimated
3.3 billion of the total world population live in areas with malaria risk and an estimated death of 660,000 .
africa is the most affected continent , accounting for about 90% of all malaria deaths .
... | malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world .
the choice for the treatment is highly limited due to drug resistance . hence , finding the new compounds to treat malaria is urgently needed .
the present study was attempted to evaluate the antimalarial activity of the annona muricata aqueous... |
non - muscle - invasive bladder cancer ( nmibc ) generally has a good prognosis .
nevertheless , the recurrence rate is 3080% and the muscle - invasive disease develops within five years in 145% of the cases.1 , 2 the goal of treatment is to eliminate the disease , prevent its recurrence , and improve the prognosis .... | backgroundthe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a single early instillation of mitomycin c ( mmc ) after transurethral resection of bladder tumor ( turbt ) together with urinary alkalinization in patients with low - risk non - muscle - invasive bladder cancer ( nmibc).methodsbetween
february... |
functional electrical stimulation ( fes ) is a technique that can be used to treat muscles
paralyzed because of upper motor neuron lesions such as those observed in cerebral palsy
( cp ) and hemiplegia1 .
fes therapeutically
provokes contraction of denervated muscles by means of electric stimulation to create
... | [ purpose ] evaluating the effect of brain - computer interface ( bci)-based functional
electrical stimulation ( fes ) training on brain activity in children with spastic cerebral
palsy ( cp ) was the aim of this study .
[ subjects and methods ] subjects were randomized into
a bci - fes group ( n=9 ) and a func... |
retinal macrocysts may develop after long - standing retinal detachment . they are infrequent and most of them are generally asymptomatic , require no specific treatment and spontaneously resolve after retinal reattachment .
we herein report the case of a patient with a retinal macrocyst that was followed clinically ... | the purpose of this paper is to report the case of a 62-year - old male diagnosed with a retinal macrocyst secondary to a long - standing retinal detachment in his right eye . at fundoscopy examination , an oval ,
elevated retinal lesion in the superior nasal quadrant was noted .
ultrasonography was performed , wit... |
despite constantly improved knowledge of the physiology of wound healing process , as well as the advances in surgical technique and application of modern technologies and materials in surgery , wound healing problem remains to be , and the immediate complications such as wound dehiscence continue to occur despite all ... | objectives : the percentage of patients with difficult and prolonged healing of the wound is still high , while the immediate complications such as wound dehiscence occurs in up to 3 % of all treated patients in abdominal surgery .
the aim of study was to analyze the risk factors and comorbidities in the group patien... |
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