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vaginal prolapse surgery is intended to restore normal pelvic floor function by correcting anatomical abnormalities . one of the most common complications directly related to prolapse surgery is the occurrence of incomplete emptying of the bladder . whereas the optimal management is assessed in several studies , the ...
introduction and hypothesiswe aimed to evaluate if anterior colporrhaphy causes incomplete voiding due to bladder outlet obstruction.methodswomen scheduled for anterior colporrhaphy were asked to undergo multichannel urodynamic investigation before surgery and the first postoperative day . bladder outlet obstruction ...
ischemic heart disease is a major cause of heart failure and mortality . according to the global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control published by the world health organization in 2011 , an estimated 17.3 million people died of cardiovascular diseases in 2008 , representing 30% of all global deaths . ...
abstract : the cardioprotective effects of adenosine and adenosine receptor agonists have been studied extensively . however , their therapeutic outcomes in ischemic heart disease are limited by systemic side effects such as hypotension , bradycardia , and sedation . equilibrative nucleoside transporter ( ent ) inhib...
acute low back pain is one of the most common conditions encountered in primary care . the lifetime prevalence of low back pain has been reported to be 7085% . in majority of the cases , acute back pain is self limited and benign with no cause identified in 95% of the patients . in such patients when acute back pai...
in patients with non specific acute low back pain , without the red flags , a conservative approach is preferable , with assessment in 46 weeks . the natural history of low back pain is favorable with improvement over time , thus reassurance to such patients is very important . however , a plain radiograph or more...
to evaluate the effects of maxillary sinus floor elevation by a tissue - engineered bone complex of -tricalcium phosphate ( -tcp ) and autologous osteoblasts in dogs . 12 cases of maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery were made bilaterally in 6 animals and randomly repaired with the following 3 groups of materials ...
aimto evaluate the effects of maxillary sinus floor elevation by a tissue - engineered bone complex of -tricalcium phosphate ( -tcp ) and autologous osteoblasts in dogs.methodologyautologous osteoblasts from adult beagle dogs were cultured in vitro . they were further combined with -tcp to construct the tissue - engi...
toxicosis was induced in pregnant holstein heifers by feeding firemaster bp-6 ( polybrominated biphenyls ) in daily oral doses of 25 g / head / day for 33 - -60 days . the individual heifers were dosed until each became moribund ( days 33 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 41 , or 66 ) , at which time they were necropsied . gross fi...
whipple operation or pancreaticoduodenectomy is a commonly performed curative surgery for pancreatic head and distal common bile duct cancers . while peri - operative mortality has improved over the past decades , the high peri - operative morbidity remains unchanged ( 1 ) . percutaneous image guided procedures pla...
percutaneous access to the surgical bed after pancreaticoduodenectomy can be a challenge , due to the post - operative anatomy alteration . however , immediate complications , such as surgical bed abscess or suspected tumor recurrence , are often best accessed percutaneously , as open surgical or endoscopic approache...
a woman 's body undergoes various changes during pregnancy which include weight gain , changes in posture , and joint and ligament laxity along with changes in musculotendinous strength . soon she realizes that her body is undergoing turmoil of events , and then the aches and the pains associated with pregnancy b...
background and objectives . pregnancy triggers a wide range of changes in a woman 's body leading to various musculoskeletal dysfunctions . most commonly reported musculoskeletal discomforts by pregnant women are low back pain and symphysis pubis pain . the culture and the environmental factors may influence the di...
the axons of many neurons migrate along both the dorsal - ventral and the anterior - posterior axes at different phases of development , and may also cross the midline . an individual axon may be subjected to opposing attractive and repulsive forces coming from opposite sides in the elongation axis or perpendicular t...
one of the challenges to understanding nervous system development is to establish how a fairly limited number of axon guidance cues can set up the patterning of very complex nervous systems . most of the recent insights relevant to guidance mechanisms have come from cell biologists focusing on processes and molecular...
the human protein kinase c ( pkc ) family of serine / threonine kinases comprises nine distinct isotypes with essential roles in cellular activation and differentiation in diverse cell types . they are , for example , known to phosphorylate several cellular proteins , leading to modulation of surface antigens , activ...
backgroundprotein kinase c ( pkc ) has become a major focus among cell biologists interested in second - messenger signal transduction and much has been learned about differences in the cellular localization and function of its different isotypes . in this study we systematically address the genomic locations and gen...
a thorough knowledge of the root and the root canal morphology of all existing canals plays a significant role in determining the success of endodontic treatment . successful treatment of endodontic complications is associated with diagnostic imaging techniques that provide information about the teeth and their surro...
objective : to investigate the anatomic symmetry of maxillary and mandibular posteriors in indian subpopulation using cone beam computed tomography ( cbct).materials and methods : cbct images of 246 patients that had at least one noncarious , posterior tooth free of restorations in each quadrant were enrolled for retro...
the race for the first appendectomy in the 19th century did not produce a winner . from today 's viewpoint , it can be assumed that lawson tait performed the first appendectomy via abdominal access in 1880 . many of his surgical predecessors had merely performed drainage of a paratyphlitic abscess , without actually ...
background : the incarcerated appendix in the femoral hernia represents a rare clinical case that was first described by the frenchman de garengeot in 1731 . besides the open procedures , laparoscopy presented itself as a treatment option.case report : our case concerns a 38-year - old patient with a right femoral hern...
intensive care unit ( icu ) is a ward that caters to patients with acute and life - threatening diseases . the patients hospitalized in this ward experience numerous stressors due to environmental factors and specific treatment conditions or surgery . physiological reactions excite the stress response and lead to a...
background : stressors in the intensive care unit ( icu ) impair patients comfort , excite the stress response , and increase oxygen consumption in their body . non - medical interventions are recommended by several studies as a treatment to improve comfort in the icu patients . sensory stimulation is one of the mo...
a 34-day - old male infant with cyanosis and weighing 3,900 g was referred to kyungpook national university hospital for surgery . oxygen saturation was below 80% and gradually decreased to 70% at the time of operation . echocardiography indicated a complete transposition of the great arteries ( tga ) with a ventri...
the half - turned truncal switch ( htts ) operation has been reported as an alternative to the rastelli or rparation ltage ventriculaire procedures . htts prevents left ventricular outflow tract ( lvot ) obstruction in patients with complete transposition of the great arteries ( tga ) with a ventricular septal defec...
diagnosis of hyperthyroidism which occurs in 0.05 to 3.0% of pregnancies may be difficult in these women , as the symptoms and signs of nervousness , sweating , dyspnea , tachycardia , and cardiac systolic murmur are seen in most normal pregnancies as well [ 1 , 2 ] . more specific findings of hyperthyroidism such as...
appropriate diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy are of outmost importance , because hyperthyroidism has major adverse impact on both mother and fetus . since data on the management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is rapidly evolving , two guidelines have been developed by the american ...
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that results in widespread brain atrophy of both gray and white matter brain regions . other hallmarks of the disease include the extracellular deposition of amyloid- ( a ) and intracellular accumulation of hyper - phosphorylated tau . an emerg...
the brains of patients suffering from alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) have three classical pathological hallmarks : amyloid - beta ( a ) plaques , tau tangles , and neurodegeneration , including that of cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain . however the relationship between a burden and basal forebrain degeneration...
binocular rivalry ( br ) is the perceptual competition resulting when two different images are presented simultaneously to corresponding retinal locations ( wheatstone , 1838 ) . a race between the two monocular images leads to continuous perceptual alternations , with successive periods of dominance and suppressio...
when different stimuli are presented dichoptically , perception alternates between the two in a stochastic manner . after a long - lasting and rigorous debate , there is growing consensus that this phenomenon , known as binocular rivalry ( br ) , is the result of a dynamic competition occurring at multiple levels of th...
in total , 140 suspected measles cases were reported to the taiwan centers for disease control from november 2008 to may 2009 , and 53 were confirmed ( table a1 ) . the criteria for confirming cases included laboratory diagnosis and establishing an epidemiologic link to the laboratory - diagnosed case . the criteri...
during november 2008may 2009 , an outbreak of 53 measles cases occurred in taiwan . of these , 3 cases were sporadic , and the other 50 cases could be grouped into 8 clusters by genetic analysis . we determined 7 h1 genotypes linked to importation and 1 g3 genotype linked to an untraceable source .
taekwondo has grown as a global martial art sport , and is now being trained in 188 countries all over the world . in addition , the value of taekwondo competition as a sport has been so widely acknowledged as to be adopted as a formal event 4 consecutive times in the olympic games1 . taekwondo as a martial art...
[ purpose ] the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of juchumseogi and juchumseo jireugi motions on muscle activation of the paraspinal muscles . [ subjects ] the subjects of this study were 20 healthy male students who listened to an explanation of the study methods and the purpose of the experimen...
the transient nature of the disabilities of mental illnesses and the nature of the socio - occupational impairment posed a challenge for the measurement of the disability . as this was the major hurdle in including mental illnesses into the government 's social welfare benefits under the persons with disability act o...
background : mentally retarded and chronic mentally ill are being certified using iq assessment and indian disability evaluation and assessment scale ( ideas ) . they have been granted various benefits including monthly pension , from ministry of social welfare , government of india . the monthly pension appears to b...
compounds containing azomethine group ( c = n ) in the structure are known as schiff bases which are usually synthesized by the condensation of primary amines and active carbonyl groups . schiff bases are found to exhibit multifunctional properties , and they are able to improve various biological and pharmacological...
a series of new 5-(2-amino-5-methylthiazol-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol derivatives 6(a j ) were designed and synthesized with various substituted aldehydes . the chemical structures were confirmed by elemental analyses , ft - ir , 1h nmr , and mass spectral studies . the antioxidant activity of the synthesized ...
pancreatic endocrine tumors ( pets ) are relatively rare , having a clinical detection rate of 1:100,000 which comprise 1%2% of all pancreatic tumors.1,2 pets are considered functional or nonfunctional and may be sporadic or inherited but little is known about their molecular pathogenesis.1,2,3 there is currently no fo...
study design : case report.clinical question : to report successful surgical therapy for spinal cord compression in a patient with spinal metastases from a pancreatic gastrinoma.methods : a 43-year - old man presented three times within 4 years with cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord compression because of meta...
generally , about one - third of patients undergoing radiotherapy ( rt ) have experienced rt - induced nausea and vomiting ( rinv ) . in this regards , the radiation oncologists have attitude of prescribing antiemetic drugs as a rescue , with a wide range of doses and schedules . they also prescribe 5-hydroxytrypta...
background : depending on the site of irradiation , about 40 - 80% of patients undergoing radiotherapy ( rt ) will experience nausea and/or vomiting . the current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of ondansetronas as a single agent and with a combination to aprepitant on preventing rt - induced nausea and vomitin...
radical prostatectomy has historically been the preferred treatment option for patients with localized prostate cancer . however , surgical innovations to reduce blood loss and hasten the recovery rate have led to the introduction of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy ( lrp ) followed by robot - assisted radical prosta...
purposeto assess the effectiveness and safety of robot - assisted radical prostatectomy ( rarp ) versus laparoscopic radical prostatectomy ( lrp ) in the treatment of prostate cancer.materials and methodsexisting systematic reviews were updated to investigate the effectiveness and safety of rarp . electronic database...
due to current serious exiting challenges in conventional transistor technology , researchers are searching to find an alternative to this technology . among these new technologies , quantum - dot cellular automata ( qca ) are a suitable alternative that offers unique features such as small feature size and ultralow ...
quantum - dot cellular automata ( qca ) are a transistorless computation approach which encodes binary information via configuration of charges among quantum dots . the fundamental qca logic primitives are majority and inverter gates which can be utilized to design various qca circuits . this study presents a novel...
testosterone is responsible for secondary sex characteristics , sexual desire and erection . also , it increases metabolic processes in the muscles , bones , bone marrow , immune system and brain ( 1 ) . therefore , a reduction in the level of testosterone leads to symptoms that are caused by the decrease of these pr...
background : andropause is the gradual reduction of the male sex hormone ( testosterone ) with increasing age . its symptoms are sexual dysfunction , weakness , fatigue , insomnia , loss of motivation , mood disorders and reduction of bone density . treatment of andropause with testosterone has been recently consid...
although the pathogenesis of alzheimer 's disease , including the pathophysiology leading to excessive a 42 deposition in ad brain , remains unknown , it is characterized by the excessive accumulation of beta - amyloid peptides in varying size aggregates , predominantly within neocortex [ 13 ] . this study looks at...
the accumulation of beta - amyloid [ a ] within senile plaques [ sp ] is characteristic of these lesions in alzheimer 's disease . the accumulation of a 42 , in particular , in the superior temporal [ st ] cortex may result from an inability of the blood brain barrier ( bbb ) to regulate the trans - endothelial trans...
many countries around the world have been reducing the level of state provision of resources for retirement , moving towards a system that relies on an increased degree of individual or private provision . the uk has been at the leading edge of these changes , particularly for pensions . as private saving has becom...
we provide new empirical evidence on the importance of defined contribution pension wealth in england , and the nature of annuitization decisions taken by older adults who retire with such sources of wealth . other things equal , financial literacy , and numeracy in particular , are important factors governing indivi...
it has been well documented that exercise is an effective health behavior that not only prevents various health problems , but also promotes healthy lifestyles ( 1 ) . in addition , in many areas , the physical and psychological benefits from regular physical activity in reduction of mortality and morbidity in both gen...
background : transtheoretical model is identified as a comprehensive model for behavior exercise . the aim of this study was to check the situation of stage of change in exercise behavior of office personnel of yazd city using transtheoretical model.methods:in a cross - sectional study , 220 office personnel selected...
an increasing number of studies are confirming an association between periodontal disease ( pd ) and adverse outcomes in pregnancy . found that pregnant women with severe pd are 7.5 times more likely to go into labor prematurely . pd places pregnant women at greater risk for preterm birth than alcohol consumption o...
an increasing number of studies are confirming an association between periodontal disease ( pd ) and adverse outcomes in pregnancy . pd places pregnant women at greater risk for preterm birth than alcohol consumption or smoking . this underscores the importance of offering dental screening to women who are pregnant...
in the past , medical students have been involved in direct patient care in large - scale mass casualty incidents ; from the spanish flu pandemic in 1918,1 flooding,2 devastating earthquakes3 4 to the 9/11 attacks,5 medical students have been deployed for the purpose of victim care . the belgian royal academy of me...
introductionhistorically , medical students have been deployed to care for disaster victims but may not have been properly educated to do so . a previous evaluation of senior civilian medical students in belgium revealed that they are woefully unprepared . based on the nature of their military training , we hypothe...
twelve mabs have already been approved by the us food and drug administration for therapeutical use and 400 others are currently under clinical evaluation . however , a number of hurdles have still to be overcome before efficient therapeutical application of mabs on large scales and at reasonable costs . this is part...
the clinical application of monoclonal antibodies ( mabs ) potentially concerns a wide range of diseases including , among others , viral infections , cancer and autoimmune diseases . although intravenous infusion appears to be the simplest and most obvious mode of administration , it is very often not applicable to ...
systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) is a life - threatening illness which may lead to chronic disease affecting multiple organs . induction of rapid and sustained remission is the optimal treatment result . in recent decades , multiple immunosuppressive drugs , such as cyclophosphamide , azathioprine , cyclosporin...
backgroundintravenous cyclophosphamide ( ivcy ) has been used to treat severe lupus nephritis ( ln ) for many years . because of the wide variety of manifestations of the condition and the long - term nature of the disease , outcomes vary widely.objectiveto evaluate and compare the immediate and long - term results of ...
unconscious survivors of ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest in intensive care units ( icus ) are increasing . usually , patients who awaken do so within 48 h of stopping sedation ; patients unconscious at day 7 remain severely impaired . specifically , the significance of myoclonus continues to be debated , es...
neurological prognostication in cardiac arrest survivors is difficult , especially when the primary etiology is respiratory arrest . prognostic factors designed to have zero false - positive rates to robustly confirm poor outcome are usually inadequate to rule out poor outcomes ( i.e. , high specificity and low sensi...
the synthesis and characterization of a novel two - photon - absorbing fluorene derivative , lt1 , selective for the lysosomes of hct 116 cancer cells , is reported . linear and nonlinear photophysical and photochemical properties of the probe were investigated to evaluate the potential of the probe for two - photon ...
sporadic hemiplegic migraine is a rare subtype of migraine headache with aura defined as migraine attacks associated with some degree of motor weakness / hemiparesis during the aura phase and where no first- or second - degree relative ( parent , sibling or child ) has identical attacks . the earliest description of th...
a case of visual hallucination , headache and left hemiparesis is reported . the patient had a history of recurrent attacks of similar semiology for the previous 15 years . mri brain revealed a cortical hyperintensity on t2w , flair and diffusion weighted imaging ( dwi ) in the right cerebral hemisphere with a nor...
environmental control practices ( ecps ) are a group of measures recommended to reduce exposure to indoor allergens ( eg , dust mites , household pets , cockroaches , mold , mice ) or nonallergic triggers ( eg , environmental tobacco smoke [ ets ] , wood smoke , volatile organic compounds , particulate matter [ pm ] ) ...
air filtration is frequently recommended as a component of environmental control measures for patients with allergic respiratory disease . residential air filtration can be provided by whole house filtration via the home s heating , ventilation , or air conditioning system , by portable room air cleaners , or a combi...
these examples show that the relationship between labour economics and healthcare professional education is complex and dynamic and that well - meaning changes in one part of the system can produce unintended and unexpected changes in other parts . simple solutions to individual problems are thus unlikely to work and...
healthcare professional education is the undergraduate , postgraduate and continuing professional development for doctors , nurses and allied healthcare professionals . labour economics is the relationship between workers and employers , and the resultant effect on employment and wages . healthcare professional...
over recent decades , there has been an accrual of evidence concerning the beneficial effects of social relationships on physical and mental health in older people , including longer survival , reduced risk of disability [ 2 , 3 ] , and reduced risk of dementia . cross - sectional and longitudinal studies [ 611 ] h...
the purpose was to examine the relationship between different types of social networks and memory over 15 years of followup in a large cohort of older australians who were cognitively intact at study baseline . our specific aims were to investigate whether social networks were associated with memory , determine if di...
differences in gene expression account for the majority of phenotypic differences between males and females of sexually dimorphic species 1 . thus , accurate identification of genes differentially expressed between males and females , i.e. sex - biased genes , is crucial for understanding the current state and evolut...
phenotypic differences between males and females of sexually dimorphic species are caused in large part by differences in gene expression between the sexes , most of which occurs in the gonads . to accurately identify genes differentially expressed between males and females in drosophila , we sequenced the testis and o...
whole blood viscosity ( wbv ) is one of virchow 's triad , which has been an established concept of three phenomena that ultimately lead to , and/or result from cardiovascular complications . each phenomenon represents a subclinical vascular process , which in turn is indicated by a pathology index and clinical featu...
background : virchow 's triad in cardiovascular disease comprises blood viscosity , plasma d - dimer and homocysteine as indices of three associated but separate vascular phenomena.aims:this work investigates prevalence of hyperviscosity in hyperhomocysteinaemia and positive d - dimer ; and differences or similarities ...
keeping in mind the burden of psychotherapy can play a crucial role concerning chronic pain ( cp ) . psychological methods have provided a lot of articles in iran , but they were neglected by the reviewers because the documents only have abstracts in english . the current study aimed to assess all farsi randomized co...
context : keeping in mind the burden of psychotherapy can play a crucial role concerning chronic pain ( cp ) . psychotherapy techniques are widely used to relief chronic pain ( cp ) worldwide . appling psychotherapy needs to consider both individual and popular cultures . in addition to international requirements...
granuloma faciale ( gf ) is an uncommon benign inflammatory condition of the skin with characteristic clinical and histological features . pinkus originally described the name in 1952 , although there had been earlier reports of eosinophilic granulomas . it mostly affects the face , particularly sun - exposed areas...
this report describes a sixty year old male with biopsy proven granuloma faciale ( gf ) . the patient had been unsuccessfully treated with multiple therapies . a mixture 0.8 ml 5-fluorouracil ( 5fu ) and 0.2 ml kenacort - a was trialled initially to treat this patient , followed by a more varied mixture ratio . t...
epithelial ovarian cancer ( eoc ) has the highest death rate among gynecologic malignancies throughout the world , primarily because most patients are diagnosed with advanced stage disease . the standard treatment consists of cytoreductive surgery followed by induction chemotherapy with a taxane / platinum combinatio...
the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of consolidation therapy with hexamethylmelamine ( hmm ) in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer ( eoc ) . patients treated at our hospital between january 1997 and november 2006 and in documented clinical complete response from advanced ovarian cancer foll...
the transition period , from 3 wk before to 3 wk after parturition , is critically important to health , production , and profitability of dairy cows . there are lots of serious changes for dairy cows in transition period from the end of pregnancy up to the beginning of lactation period . this period was really i...
the purpose of this research is to study any effects of managerial strategies on prevention of ketosis metabolic disorder in transition period in shahroud commercial dairy farms . for this purpose , a questionnaire was prepared in order to obtain required information about the performance of these managerial strategi...
leadership concept goes back to 5000 years ago to egyptian hieroglyphics in which the words ( sehemu ) leader and ( seshement ) leadership are used .this was the assumption behind the great man theory. the human relations approach to leadership , which was developed after mayo s studies , views leadership as an i...
background : outstanding leadership is one of the important and vital concepts in management and educational leadership debates especially in educational organizations such as universities . thus , effective educational leadership and adopting an appropriate tool to assess leadership in education are crucial in...
an extensive buildup of military personnel and operations has begun on the mariana islands of guam and tinian . we recently communicated that this situation presents an exemplary ecological ethics case study with provocative history and compelling contemporary events . we detailed failures in adhering to respectful...
we recently described threats to the terrestrial biological resources on the mariana islands of guam and tinian resulting from the large - scale buildup of military operations . attitudes that view these military buildup plans in a zero sum context whereby the positives of greater security and improved local economy ...
the tightness of the hip flexor muscles limits hip hyperextension in gait and may correlate with lumbar curvature , back pain , and knee dysfunction . the modified thomas test is used to assess the flexibility of four different types of hip flexor muscle : the iliacus , psoas major , rectus femoris , and tensor...
[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to examine the test - retest reliability of the modified thomas test using lumbo - pelvic stabilization . [ subjects ] thirteen subjects ( male=10 , female=3 ) with hip flexor tightness voluntarily participated in the study . [ methods ] the participants underwent the mod...
as thyroid hormones play a critical role for metabolism , growth , and tissue differentiation , exact and robust regulation of hormone levels is required . although a thyrotropic hormone from anterior pituitary has first been described at the beginning of the 20th century [ 1 , 2 ] , it was not before 1940 that salte...
this paper provides the reader with an overview of our current knowledge of hypothalamic - pituitary - thyroid feedback from a cybernetic standpoint . over the past decades we have gained a plethora of information from biochemical , clinical , and epidemiological investigation , especially on the role of tsh and other ...
we report the case of a healthy 32-year - old female colleague , who was admitted to our hospital in septic shock with high fever ( 40c ) , tachycardia and hypotension , with no response to fluid resuscitation and antibiotic therapy . her symptoms started 4 days before with isolated sore throat ( no rhinitis or cough...
diagnosis of nonmenstrual staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome ( tss ) is often challenging . a female medical colleague had a rare entity , a staphylococcal pharyngitis complicated by tss . the diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of tst - positive staphylococcus aureus in throat culture and by identification of a ...
the ministry of health and medical education of iran , along with the country movement towards achievements of iran s vision 2025 put compilation of the health system reform plan on its agenda . in this article , we are trying to show the method we used for developing this plan and how this method considered the gene...
background : the ministry of health and medical education of iran , along with the country movement towards achievements of iran s vision 2025 put compilation of the health system reform plan on its agenda . in this article , we are trying to show the method we used for developing this plan and how this method consider...
study area and population - juquitiba is located 71 km from the capital of sp ( fig . 1 ) in the atlantic forest biome , at an altitude of 685 m. approximately 67% of its length is covered by bushland and the preserved native forest promotes great movement of individuals due to ecotourism . juquitiba has a po...
studies on autochthonous malaria in low - transmission areas in brazil have acquired epidemiological relevance because they suggest continued transmission in what remains of the atlantic forest . in the southeastern portion of the state of so paulo , outbreaks in the municipality of juquitiba have been the focus ...
exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life is vital to the short and long - term health of the baby . breastfeeding is also beneficial for maternal health [ 2 , 3 ] and is financially sustainable for the health system [ 46 ] . in 1991 , the who / unicef launched the bfhi to promote exclusive breastfe...
nurses play a major role in promoting the baby - friendly hospital initiative ( bfhi ) , yet the adoption of this initiative by nurses remains a challenge in many countries , despite evidences of its positive impacts on breastfeeding outcomes . the aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing perinatal n...
cancer is the third most frequent cause of death in children in brazil , after accidents and violence ( 1 ) . the survival rates of childhood cancer have significantly increased due to early diagnosis and advances in medicine , so attention has become focused on the late effects of antineoplastic therapy . dental a...
cancer is the third most frequent cause of death in children in brazil . early diagnosis and medical advances have significantly improved treatment outcomes , which has resulted in higher survival rates and the management of late side effects has become increasingly important in caring for these patients . dental a...
skeletal muscle dihydropyridine ( dhp ) receptors are l - type ca channels that serve a dual role in muscle , functioning both as ca - conducting pores and as the voltage sensors for excitation contraction ( e - c ) coupling ( ros and brum 1987 ; tanabe et al . these channels are heteromeric complexes containing the...
skeletal muscle dihydropyridine ( dhp ) receptors function both as voltage - activated ca2 + channels and as voltage sensors for coupling membrane depolarization to release of ca2 + from the sarcoplasmic reticulum . in skeletal muscle , the principal or 1s subunit occurs in full - length ( 10% of total ) and post - t...
viral integration into host chromosomes plays a key role in viral infection ( 1,2 ) and tumorigenesis ( 38 ) . the role of oncogenic viruses in cancer pathogenesis is mediated through mutagenic integration into the host genome as one of important mechanisms ( 2 ) . viral integration sites ( vis ) have been observed...
dr.vis is a database of human disease - related viral integration sites ( vis ) . the number of vis has grown rapidly since dr.vis was first released in 2011 , and there is growing recognition of the important role that viral integration plays in the development of malignancies . the updated database version , dr.v...
the four experiments presented here can be performed independently or as a four - part series . experiment 1 introduces students to the concept of model prebiotic chemical reactions , experiment 2 teaches the students how to isolate dna from a living organism , experiment 3 teaches the students how to release purine ...
many high school laboratory experiments demonstrate concepts related to biological evolution , but few exist that allow students to investigate life s chemical origins . this series of laboratory experiments has been developed to allow students to explore and appreciate the deep connection that exists between prebiot...
soft tissue calcification is one of the major clinical findings of chronic kidney disease - related mineral bone disorder ( ckd - mbd ) , along with abnormalities in laboratory examinations and bone metabolic disorder . however , soft tissue calcification in ckd - mbd appears to be a heterogeneous disease condition ....
we report the case of a 69-year - old woman with secondary hyperparathyroidism who underwent maintenance haemodialysis therapy for 17 years and who presented with severe dural calcification and right subdural haematoma . her dura mater displayed a rock barnacle - like appearance , and cerebral superficial arteries ad...
the premises used for different functions of the same process can be scattered around the hospital , a far cry from seamless patient care . planning a new hospital functional planning should guide the design of a new hospital and aim to create facilities that support efficient , streamlined , and patient - centered...
introduction . old hospitals may promote inefficient patient care processes and safety . a new , functionally planned hospital presents a chance to create an environment that supports streamlined , patient - centered healthcare processes and adapts to users ' needs . this study depicts the phases of a facility pl...
it is characterized by a lack of gross patency of the extra hepatic bile duct of which there are three main types . type i atresia of the common bile duct ; type ii with additional atresia of the common hepatic duct but residual patency of the right and left ducts ; and type iii with atresia of the whole of the extra...
the scope of this article precludes an in depth description of all liver problems and i will limit this review to anaesthesia for biliary atresia a common hepatic problem in the very young and partial hepatectomy in older children . i will not be discussing the problems of anaesthetising children with hepatitis , ...
hyperlipidemia is characterized by elevated levels of plasma total cholesterol ( tc ) , triglycerides ( tg ) , and low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldlc ) [ 1 , 2 ] . patients with hyperlipidemia are considered to be at high risk to develop lipids disorders that are associated with immune system deficiency , p...
objective . the aim of this study was to investigate the role of hyperlipidemia in the microstructure of parotid gland and its possible amelioration through statin treatment on wistar rats . methods . forty wistar rats ( 111.06 3.36 g ) were divided into 4 groups ( a1 , a2 controls , b1 , b2 experimental ) . ...
the ability of cells to adhere to one another is a fundamental property in the evolution of multicellularity . cell adhesion molecules conserved among metazoan organisms , which play essential roles in tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis [ 15 ] . during morphogenesis , tissues can change in size and shape , and for...
cadherins are transmembrane proteins that mediate cell cell adhesion in animals . by regulating contact formation and stability , cadherins play a crucial role in tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis . here , we review the three major functions of cadherins in cell cell contact formation and stability . two of th...
the basal ganglia receives inputs from wide areas of the cerebral cortex , in particular , from the frontal lobe . the information processed in the basal ganglia is transmitted back primarily to the cerebral cortex , via the thalamus , to form a cortico - basal ganglia loop.1,2 in this circuitry of the basal ganglia ...
during the last two decades , the many developments in the treatment of movement disorders such as parkinson disease and dystonia have enhanced our understanding on organization of the basal ganglia , and this knowledge has led to other advances in the field . according to many electrophysiological and anatomical findi...
children have the highest attack rates of influenza and an increased risk of influenza - related hospitalizations due to their naive immune systems . putting aside the matter of community transmission and herd effects conveyed to the entire population that are achievable by vaccination of children , direct protection o...
seasonal influenza causes clinical illness and hospitalization in all age groups ; however , conventional inactivated vaccines have only limited efficacy in young children . mf59 , an oil - in - water emulsion adjuvant , has been used since the 1990s to enhance the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines in the elderly ...
primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disease that affects 1% of the adult population1 ; its incidence is increasing , and surgical treatment remains the only curative therapy.2,3 primary hyperparathyroidism is commonly due to a single parathyroid adenoma ( 80%87% ) followed by multigland disease ( 5%15% wi...
the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of intraoperative parathyroid hormone ( pth ) monitoring on surgical strategy , intraoperative findings , and outcome in patients with negative sestamibi scintigraphy and with discordant imaging studies . we divided our 175 patients into 3 groups : group a was methoxyi...
autism spectrum disorder ( asd ) is a complex developmental disorder characterized by abnormalities of verbal and nonverbal communication , stereotyped restricted interests , repetitive behavioral patterns , and impairment of socialization . asd now affects 1 in 88 children in the usa [ 1 , 2 ] . in great britain , t...
the role of thimerosal containing vaccines in the development of autism spectrum disorder ( asd ) has been an area of intense debate , as has the presence of mercury dental amalgams and fish ingestion by pregnant mothers . we studied the effects of thimerosal on cell proliferation and mitochondrial function from b - ...
parkinson s disease fibroblasts were obtained from telethon genetic biobank network and brain patient samples from the biobank of hospital clinic ( idibaps ) in barcelona . the generated ipsc lines were maintained in hesc medium on imef feeder cells or in mtesr on matrigel . gene targeting in ipscs - lrrk2(g2019s )...
nuclear architecture defects have been shown to correlate with the manifestation of a number of human diseases as well as aging1 - 4 . it is then plausible that diseases whose manifestations correlate with aging might be connected to the appearance of nuclear aberrations over time . we decided to evaluate nuclear o...
nowadays , the importance of nurses tasks and responsibilities in performing nursing cares attracted a lot of attention . it is necessary for nurses to make an evolution in their traditional roles to accommodate with the needs of the modern society ( 1 ) . nursing education should prepare its students to enable the...
background : despite the benefits of the objective structured assessment of technical skills ( osats ) and it appropriateness for evaluating clinical abilities of nursing students , few studies are available on the application of this method in nursing education.objectives:the purpose of this study was to compare the e...
inguinal hernia is a common neonatal disease , particularly in premature and low - birth - weight infants . multiple studies have reported postoperative apnea with routine doses of anesthetics and its association with gestational age less than 37 weeks or post conceptional age ( pca ) under 60 weeks at the time of op...
abstractobjectivepostoperative apnea is a major concern in infants undergoing surgery . in this study , we evaluated incidence and related factors for postoperative apnea in infants less than 60 weeks postconceptual age after herniorrhaphy.methodsone-hundred fifty infants with post conceptional age ( pca ) less than 60...
bladder cancer is the second most common urologic malignancy ; with a high incidence in the elderly patients . the population has aged progressively as the average life span has increased in the last decades . therefore , is highly important to solve the issues of managing bladder cancer in the elderly patient . ra...
introductionradical cystectomy in elderly patients is a controversial issue that has noticed an increase in importance overtime because of the lengthening average life span . our objective was to determine if there were significant differences in the perioperative outcomes of patients over 70 years with bladder cance...
numerous studies have shown that hemofiltration using porous synthetic membranes can and does remove a wide range of substances that mediate inflammation from the plasma . limited evidence supports the notion that this treatment can also influence circulating plasma concentrations of various mediators and mounting ...
introductionhemofiltration may modulate the inflammatory response in sepsis through a variety of mechanisms . we sought to distinguish clearance from adsorption as the principal mechanism responsible for reducing circulating il-6 levels with hemofiltration.materials and methodsnine hours after cecal ligation and punc...
the 1965 medicare legislation was intended to reduce financial barriers to hospital and physicians ' services for the elderly population in the united states . the implementation of the medicare program meant that virtually the entire population 65 years of age or over became covered for medicare part a hospital serv...
this study analyzes administrative data from the medicare program to compare differences by race in the use of 17 major procedures performed in the hospital . in both 1986 and 1992 , black beneficiaries were less likely than white beneficiaries to have received these procedures while hospitalized . the largest differ...
chronic hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection affects about 3% of human population worldwide and has become an important leading factor to liver fibrosis , liver cirrhosis , and hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) ( 1 ) . about 30% to 40% of patients with chronic hepatitis c ( chc ) develop iron overload ( 2 - 5 ) , which...
background : iron overload is frequently observed in patients with chronic hepatitis c ( chc ) and is associated with the increased risk of liver fibrosis and carcinogenesis . hepcidin is a regulator of iron homeostasis and a component of innate immunity . based on experimental studies , iron overload might be a re...
among the most important protozoan parasitic species causing diseases in humans , five had their genomes recently sequenced . three of them are pathogenic members of the order kinetoplastida , family trypanosomatidae , that cause sleeping sickness ( caused by pathogenic subspecies of trypanosoma brucei ) , chagas dis...
protozoadb ( http://www.biowebdb.org/protozoadb ) is being developed to initially host both genomics and post - genomics data from plasmodium falciparum , entamoeba histolytica , trypanosoma brucei , t. cruzi and leishmania major , but will hopefully host other protozoan species as more genomes are sequenced . it is ...
lumbar spinal stenosis complicating degenerative spondylolisthesis is a common cause for low back pain , neurogenic claudication , and radiculopathy in the elderly population . however , in patients that fail to respond to conservative treatment , surgical decompression with or without a posterolateral fusion and ins...
the x - stop interspinous distraction device has shown to be an attractive alternative to conventional surgical procedures in the treatment of symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis . however , the effectiveness of the x - stop in symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis caused by degenerative spondylol...
dynamic balance can be defined dynamically as the ability to perform a task while maintaining a stable posture . the influence factors of dynamic balance include sensory information obtained through the somatosensory , visual , and vestibular systems and motor responses that affect coordination joint range of m...
[ purpose ] the aim of this study was to investigate the change in dynamic balance performance of junior soccer players after progressive resistance treatment with neuromuscular joint facilitation ( njf ) . [ subjects ] the subjects were 14 healthy males who were divided into two groups , namely the njf and contr...
a rash developed in the index case - patient ( an unvaccinated woman ) on february 23 , 2014 , nine days after she disembarked the cruise ship on which she had traveled during february 614 , and returned to sardinia . while infectious , she was seen in the emergency department ( ed ) of a local hospital , where she was...
we report a measles outbreak in sardinia , italy , that originated in a cruise ship passenger . the outbreak showed extensive nosocomial transmission ( 44 of 80 cases ) . to minimize nosocomial transmission , health care facilities should ensure that susceptible health care workers are vaccinated against measles an...
primary extrauterine choriocarcinoma is very uncommon disease , that usually arises from retroperitoneum , mediastinum and it rarely occurs at any site ( eg , intracranium , stomach , bladder , lung ) , especially primary lung choriocarcinoma is very rare disease . we report a case of primary lung choriocarcinoma whi...
choriocarcinoma was found in the lung of a 33-year - old woman . it was detected by percutaneous needle lung biopsy in the right lung and severe elevation of b - hcg in serum ( 200,000 iu / l ) . primary choriocarcinoma of the lung is an extremely rare disease.thus the patient was fully examined , especially the ...
endemic pemphigus foliaceus ( epf ) represents a geographically restricted , autoimmune disease occurring in south , in central america , and in tunisia , africa[15 ] . the brazilian form , known as fogo selvagem ( fs ) , predominantly affects young people ; both sexes are equally affected . in this disorder , many c...
background : we reported a new variant of endemic pemphigus foliaceus in el bagre , colombia.aims:our study performed complex segregation analysis ( csa ) and short tandem repeats to discriminate between environmental and/or genetic factors in this disorder.materials and methods : the csa analysis was carried out accor...
viral infection - associated acute encephalopathy / encephalitis is a serious complication with neurological sequelae . the main symptoms of the acute phase are impaired consciousness and convulsive status epilepticus with hyperpyrexia . several subtypes of acute encephalopathy have been established based on clinic...
to determine the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of acute encephalopathy associated with human herpesvirus-6 ( hhv-6 ) infection , we measured the levels of oxidative stress markers 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine ( 8-ohdg ) and hexanoyl - lysine adduct ( hel ) , tau protein , and cytokines in cerebrospi...
anaplastic large cell lymphoma ( alcl ) is an uncommon non - hodgkin lymphoma with both systemic and cutaneous forms . primary cutaneous anaplastic cd 30 + large cell lymphoma is a rare anaplastic large t - cell cd 30 + lymphoma originating in and confined to skin . there are case reports on primary cutaneous lymph...
primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma ( c - alcl ) is a form of cutaneous t - cell lymphoma that is characterized by solitary nodules and plaques . in this report , the authors present an unusual case of a 59-year - old male with a solitary ulcerofungative mass in the left iliac fossa clinically masqueradi...
multiple myeloma ( mm ) and amyloid light ( al ) amyloidosis represent a malignant proliferation of plasma cells derived from a single clone . myeloma kidney is predominantly contributed by the cast nephropathy , and patients with this kind of involvement suffer from renal insufficiency . the extent of proteinuria ...
in amyloidosis , there is an extracellular deposition of beta - sheet fibrils . over 25 proteins have been demonstrated to form amyloid . one of them is ig amyloid light ( al ) chains . we are presenting a 40-year - old female who presented with progressive kyphoscoliosis for last 2 years following a minor trauma...
bite force is the result of the coordination between different components of the masticatory system ( muscles , bones and teeth ) . its determination has been considered important in the diagnosis of disturbances of the stomatognathic system1 . according to hatch , et al.2 , in 2000 , the bite force and the number ...
the objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of gender and bruxism on the maximum bite force . the concordance for the physical examination of bruxism between examiners was also evaluated . one hundred and eighteen individuals , from both genders , bruxists and non - bruxists , with an average age o...
deaths from postpartum hemorrhage ( pph ) occur as a result of a suboptimal clinical response to massive hemorrhage , whether due to limited or absent resources in developing countries or to poor coordination of resuscitative efforts in developed countries,1 and usually occur in the setting of coagulopathy . the most...
objectiveto assess potential diagnostic and practice barriers to successful management of massive postpartum hemorrhage ( pph ) , emphasizing recognition and management of contributing coagulation disorders.study designa quantitative survey was conducted to assess practice patterns of us obstetrician - gynecologists in...
the choroid is the middle vascular layer of the eye , lying between the retina and sclera . it accounts for 85 percent of ocular blood flow and plays a major role in the oxygenation , nourishment , and viability of retinal pigment epithelium and the outer retinal layers , which have the highest metabolic activity . ...
purpose . to analyse the diurnal variation of central choroidal thickness ( cct ) in healthy emetropic patients during working hours . methods . fifty healthy young emmetrpic volunteers were included in this study . cct was measured at 9 am and 4 pm with spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( spectralis...
phosphorylation of target proteins is a key mechanism utilized by the cell to induce changes in physiology and function . numerous kinase - substrate interactions have been defined , yet the mechanism through which specificity of these phosphorylation events is achieved is still unclear . recent work has suggested ...
a - kinase anchoring proteins ( akaps ) constitute a family of scaffolding proteins that contribute to spatiotemporal regulation of pka - mediated phosphorylation events . in particular , akap7 is a family of alternatively spliced proteins that participates in cardiac calcium dynamics . here , we demonstrate via pull...
most current anti - cancer agents do not greatly differentiate between cancerous and normal cells , leading to systemic toxicity and adverse effects . with the aim of avoiding cancer therapy failure , several approaches such as design of new anti - cancer drugs , chemical engineering of conventional drugs and developme...
backgroundcurrent anti - cancer drug therapy results in systemic side effects due to non - specific uptake by normal healthy noncancerous tissues . to alleviate this difficulty , many attempts have been devoted to the development of new delivery systems such as polymeric nanoparticles ( nps ) . in this study , we pre...
patient satisfaction is a widely used concept ; today , it is considered one of the crucial dimensions of clinical governance ( 1 ) . satisfaction has a critical role in health maintenance and prevention of diseases ( 2 ) and is considered an indicator for evaluating organizational performance ( 3 ) . satisfaction ...
introductionpatient s satisfaction with health care in ambulance services is an important quality indicator and a helpful tool for managers of prehospital emergency services . this study aimed to measure patient satisfaction with health provided by prehospital emergency medical services ( ems ) in lorestan , iran.met...
although an inverse association between the two conditions has been suspected for a long time , no general relationship has been determined . inflammatory reactions associated to allergy could favor neoplasia ; on the other hand , enhanced immune - surveillance due to allergy could prevent neoplastic diseases ( 15 ) ...
background : the possible association between allergy and neoplastic disorders has been the subject of many investigations but no general relationship has been determined . little attention , however , has been paid to the possible role of allergy in the clinical manifestations of these diseases . in this study , the...
about 50% of the cases of bone hydatid disease affect the spine ; the second most frequent location is the pelvis ( 21% ) . hydatid bone disease is often asymptomatic , and is therefore usually diagnosed at an advanced stage . we report an unusual case of a recurrent iliac hydatid cyst , despite surgical procedure ...
introductionhydatid cysts may occur in any area of the body , but they usually localize to the liver and the lungs . primary localization in bone is not common.presentation of casethe authors report the case of multifocal hydatid disease appeared 3 years after the surgical treatment of a cyst of the hip . the patie...
insufficiency fracture is occurred by repetitive normal stress without significant abnormal force in the area of elastic resistance deficiency . it is known to occur mainly in elderly female patients with osteoporosis . in particular , following hip or knee joint arthroplasty , it occurs very rarely . we describe o...
insufficiency fracture of the calcaneus is a rare entity . in the absence of trauma , evaluating a painful ankle in an elderly patient can be difficult and also it might be overlook the insufficiency fracture . we experienced a case of insufficiency calcaneus fracture that occurred after ipsilateral total knee arth...
the use of brain sonography or trans - fontanelle ultrasound scan ( tfuss ) in the diagnosis of childhood intracranial pathologies has been documented in the literature just like the use of subdural taps for the treatment of subdural empyema ( sde ) . subdural tap was used both for diagnosis and treatment of this con...
background : this study explored the outcome of children with patent anterior fontanelles who were treated with trans - fontanelle ultrasound scan ( tfuss ) , which is more affordable and available than ct scan and mri in the diagnosis of childhood intracranial pathologies and treatment of subdural empyema , in develop...
in healthy individuals candida species are harmless members of the normal gastrointestinal ( gi ) , oral , and vaginal microbial flora . it is assumed that everyone carries candida in their gi tract ( reviewed in ) , with c. albicans the species most frequently identified in faecal sampling , representing 4070% of is...
although normally commensals in humans , candida albicans , candida tropicalis , candida parapsilosis , candida glabrata , and candida krusei are capable of causing opportunistic infections in individuals with altered physiological and/or immunological responses . these fungal species are linked with a variety of inf...
for this report , a malaria case - patient was defined as a person hospitalized with a diagnosis of malaria ( code 084 in international classification of diseases , 9th revision , clinical modification ) or reported as having a case of malaria through a military notifiable medical event reporting system . persons cou...
to estimate malaria rates in association with birth country , we analyzed routine surveillance data for us military members . during 20022010 , rates were 44 higher for those born in western africa than for those born in the united states . loss of natural immunity renders persons susceptible when visiting birth coun...
a 35-year - old man presented with gradual diminution of vision in his right eye in october 2005 . his best corrected visual acuity ( bcva ) was 20/200 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye . on examination he was found to have cch in the macular area with serous retinal detachment involving the fovea , which ...
circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas are rare ophthalmic entities that cause diminution in vision due to accumulation of subretinal and/or intraretinal fluid in the macular area . various treatment options ranging from conventional laser to photodynamic therapy have been employed to destroy the tumor and reduce the ex...
fibrous dysplasia is a congenital developmental anomaly of bone which may occur in localised , regional or systemic forms . in this condition the normal bone is replaced by immature fibro cellular tissue , which may be considered to be a fertile soil for a plethora of lesions like aneurysmal bone cyst,[15 ] solitary ...
fibrous dysplasia can present clinically in varied forms which may appear as collision of different pathologic processes . we report a rare case of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia with coexisting epithelial lined cyst and superimposed osteomyelitis with sequestrum formation . its clinical features and management wit...
teratomas are congenital tumors containing all or either of the three germ layers and accordingly they are classified as monodermal , bidermal , or tridermal . teratomas occur in order of decreasing frequency , in the ovaries , the testes , the anterior mediastinum , the retroperitoneal space , the pre - sacral and c...
primary retroperitoneal teratoma is a rare entity in adults . we present a case of 23-yearsold female who presented with complaint of abdominal pain in left upper quadrant . computed tomography scan revealed a retroperitoneal retropancreatic teratoma near celiac axis with intra thoracic extension . laparotomy wit...
urinary incontinence is a chronic and costly to treat condition that is defined as a disorder that can be basically explained as inability to control urine or loss of bladder control . according to danford et al , there exist risk factors that cause increased chances of urinary incontinence , especially among women o...
background : the research article looks at the background of women with urinary incontinence and exposed to different demographic factors . women who had urinary incontinence and women without urinary incontinence were compared with regards to their demographic features and risk of development of urinary problems . ...
which factors determine person s overall success in judo , and to what extent can these factors predict their future success ? answering this question is not simple , mainly due to the complexity of judo . competitive success is determined by a number of features and capabilities , as well as technical and tactical p...
abstractthe aim of this study was to compare two models of determining factors for success in judo . the first model ( model a ) included testing motor abilities of high - level croatian judokas in the cadet age category . the sample in model a consisted of 71 male and female judokas aged 16 0.6 years who were divid...
most people suffered from acute or chronic lower back pain and experienced decreased mobility , stability , and muscle strength . the physician shall make the differential diagnosis for it such as vertebral fracture caused by osteoporosis , trauma , metastasis , and idiopathic factors . fracture due to osteoporosis...
abstractcompression fracture of the vertebral body is common in the older patients . the possible etiology like osteoporosis or cancer metastasis should be included as a possibility in the differential diagnosis for severe back pain , to prevent delays in diagnosis and treatment . more severe fractures can cause si...
tuberous sclerosis is a genetic disorder , where cellular differentiation and proliferation result in hamartoma formation in the skin , brain , eye , kidney , and heart . the credit of its initial description , in the year 1862 , goes to von recklinghausen , while dsir - magloire bourneville coined the term sclerose ...
tuberous sclerosis complex ( tsc ) is a well - known clinical entity , characterized by facial angio - fibroma , shagreen patch , and hypo - melanotic , and confetti - like skin lesions . an exquisite fresh case is being narrated , emphasizing its microscopic pathology . the role of magnetic resonance imaging of th...