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the present report aims to molecularly characterize seven clinical l. pneumophila ( l. pn . ) sg 1 isolated from nosocomial acquired infections in apulia region , using the european working group on legionella infections ( ewgli ) , sequencebased typing ( sbt ) and amplified fragment length polymorphism ( aflp ) protoc... | summaryobjective.the present report aims to molecularly characterize seven clinical l. pneumophila ( l. pn . ) sg 1 isolated from nosocomial acquired infections in apulia region , using the european working group on legionella infections ( ewgli ) , sequencebased typing ( sbt ) and amplified fragment length polymorphis... |
an 18 l culture of e. coli dh10b pbac clbp was grown in a defined m9 minimal medium for 72 h at 25 c ( further described in supplementary information ) .
the organic extract was dried in vacuo and fractionated over extensive normal- and reverse - phase chromatography .
27 was monitored by uv at 280 nm and by lc - m... | members of the human microbiota are increasingly being correlated to human health and disease states , but the majority of the underlying microbial metabolites that regulate host - microbe interactions remain largely unexplored .
select strains of e. coli present in the human colon have been linked to initiating infl... |
participants were 23 individuals who met criteria for major depression on the structured clinical interview for diagnosis ( scid ; first , spitzer , gibbon , & williams , 2002 ) and 23 controls who had never experienced any psychiatric disorder ( see table 1 for details ) .
some individuals in the depressed group als... | research in healthy controls has found that mood influences cognitive processing via level of action identification : happy moods are associated with global and abstract processing ; sad moods are associated with local and concrete processing .
however , this pattern seems inconsistent with the high level of abstract... |
malignant mesothelioma ( mm ) of the tunica vaginalis testis is a rare but often fatal malignancy .
the lack of characteristic clinical features and tumour markers makes the pre - operative diagnosis of this fatal malignancy extremely difficult .
a 54 year - old male farmer was referred by his gp to our radiology d... | malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis is a rare but potentially fatal disease .
lack of characteristic clinical features and tumour markers makes the pre - operative diagnosis very difficult . a 54 year - old man with no history of exposure to asbestos presented with a short history of scrotal swelling and p... |
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ercp ) is one of the most complex but still most common endoscopic procedures for tackling the majority of pancreatico - biliary problems .
however , it carries a certain mortality and morbidity . though less common , duodenal perforation during ercp occurs in 1.8% of ... | introduction : endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ercp ) is a fairly common procedure being performed in several centers worldwide . although it is proven to be efficient and relatively safe , complications do occur ( 1.8% ) .
we present a patient with ercp - induced retroperitoneal perforation of the d... |
acid dissociation constants are important physicochemical parameters , which can provide critical information about drug properties such as solubility , lipophilicity , acidity [ 13 ] , transport behavior , bonding to receptors [ 24 ] , and permeability .
hence , the relationship between the acid dissociation constan... | the acid dissociation constants of potential bioactive fused ring thiohydantoin - pyrrolidine compounds were determined by potentiometric titration in 20% ( v / v ) ethanol - water mixed at 25 0.1c , at an ionic background of 0.1 mol / l of nacl using the hyperquad computer program .
proton affinities of potential ... |
to investigate this question , we implanted a group of adult rats ( n=11 ) with 16-channel microwire arrays in deep layers of the frontal motor cortex and recorded both local field potentials ( lfp ) and local mua across spontaneous sleep and wake ( supplementary information ) .
as expected , the wake lfp was chara... | when the brain is awake , neurons in the cerebral cortex fire irregularly and the electroencephalogram ( eeg ) displays low amplitude , high frequency fluctuations . after falling asleep , neurons start oscillating between on periods , when they fire as during wake , and off periods , when they stop firing altogether ,... |
archived faecal specimens ( n=104 ) which had been collected from a commercial farm in ireland in 2007 and stored at 4c were examined .
samples were taken from asymptomatic suckling and weaning piglets , aged from 2 to 6 weeks .
nucleic acids were extracted from pooled specimens using qiaamp dna stool mini kit ( qi... | backgroundlivestock animals have been the assumed source of several human epidemics in recent years , for example , influenza h1n1 , rotavirus g8/g9 , and mers - cov .
surveillance of novel viruses in animals is essential to evaluate the risk to human and animal health and to determine any economic impact , for examp... |
a relation between two medicine specialties is always complicated when it comes to analysis of possible clinical decisions and consequences .
similar inferences can be drawn for endocrinology and anesthesiology , which are almost completely different functional therapeutic sciences . however
, technical and medical... | endocrine surgeries have always been challenging and throw numerous challenges to the surgeons , anesthesiologists , and the endocrinologists .
a thorough knowledge of the pathophysiological aspects associated with endocrinopathies is mandatory for the attending anesthesiologist .
parathyroid surgery is a very deli... |
under normal physiological conditions , endothelial cells form monolayers that line blood vessels and serve as an indispensable barrier that controls the transport of macromolecules from blood to the inter - stitium .
caveolae - mediated transcytosis is the primary means by which plasma macromolecules cross the endot... | abstractcaveolae are flask - shaped plasma membrane invaginations that mediate endocytosis and transcytosis of plasma macromolecules , such as albumin , insulin and low - density lipoprotein ( ldl ) , as well as certain viruses , bacteria and bacterial toxins .
caveolae - mediated transcytosis of macromolecules is cr... |
mucormycosis or zygomycosis is a rare opportunistic , potentially lethal infection characterized by rapid progression and high mortality , which represents the third most common fungal infection after candidiasis and aspergillosis .
these opportunistic pathogens are ubiquitous organisms , existing in the environment ... | rhino - orbital - cerebral zygomycosis is a potentially lethal , opportunistic , fungal infection with protean manifestations , rapid progression , unpredictable course and high mortality .
it is associated with angioinvasion and infarction , usually observed in diabetic ketoacidosis , immuno - compromised states and... |
the standard type , a0 , changes to the mutant type , a1 , with probability ( 0 < < 12 )
. the relative fitness of a0 is 1 and of a1 1 + s , where s is strictly greater than 0 . in general , the mutant type t generations
after production is denoted at and its fitness is ( 1 + s)ft . to make this a model of deteri... | some genetic phenomena originate as mutations that are initially advantageous but decline in fitness until they become distinctly deleterious . here
i give the condition for a mutation selection balance to form and describe some of the properties of the resulting equilibrium population .
a characterization is also... |
unprecedented interest in global health among physicians in training has driven calls for more opportunities and an expansion of global health experiences into medical school and residency program curricula [ 2 , 3 ] .
data from the association of american medical colleges ( aamc ) found that , from 2006 to 2010 , ... | physician interest in global health , particularly among family physicians , is reflected by an increasing proliferation of field training and service experiences .
however , translating initial training involvement into a defined and sustainable global health career remains difficult and beset by numerous barriers .... |
flame retardants are chemicals used to
inhibit or resist the spread
of fire .
they are widely used in different consumer products such
as upholstered furniture , curtains , carpeting , textiles , plastics ,
and electronic devices to meet flammability standards in minimizing
fire - related damage and death .... | we
have examined several emerging brominated flame retardants ( bfrs )
including 2-ethyl-1-hexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate ( tbb ) , bis(2-ethylhexyl )
tetrabromophthalate ( tbph ) , 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy ) ethane
( btbpe ) , 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1,1,3-trimethyl-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenyl)-indane
( ob... |
emphysematous ( gas - containing or gas - forming ) infections of the body , especially in the abdomen and pelvis , are potentially life - threatening conditions that require prompt diagnostic work - up and aggressive medical and/or surgical treatment8 ) . in the neurosurgical field , although rare , cases of gas - con... | gas - containing ( emphysematous ) infections of the abdomen , pelvis , and extremities are well - known disease entities , which can potentially be life - threatening .
they require aggressive medical and often surgical treatment . in the neurosurgical field ,
some cases of gas - containing brain abscess and subdu... |
during the perioperative period , central nervous system neurons are extremely sensitive to any impairment of substrate delivery , especially oxygen - glucose deprivation ( ogd ) , which represents one of the major causes of irreversible brain injury.1 neuroprotection deals with a series of mechanisms that can prevent ... | isoflurane , a volatile and inhalational anesthetic , has been extensively used in perioperative period for several decades .
a large amount of experimental studies have indicated that isoflurane exhibits neuroprotective properties when it is administrated before or after ( pre - conditioning and post - conditioning ... |
emphysematous pyelonephritis ( epn ) is a rare but life - threatening acute necrotizing infection of the kidney that generates gas within the renal parenchyma / collecting system or perinephric tissues .
schultz and klorfein ( 1962 ) reported the first case series of epn , although the term emphysematous pyelonephri... | abstractthe aim of this study was to investigate the profiles of pathogens and patterns of antibiotic resistance of emphysematous pyelonephritis ( epn ) , offering recommendations for initial antibiotic treatment.between january , 2001 , and november , 2014 , demographic data , presenting clinical features , management... |
an intricate interconnected network of intracellular signaling molecules participate in regulating the electrical activity , size , and contractility of cardiac myocytes [ 1 , 2 ] .
dysregulation of sarcolemmal potassium currents is known to contribute to ventricular hypertrophy , arrhythmogenesis , heart failure , a... | previous studies suggest that sarcolemmal potassium currents play important roles in cardiac hypertrophy .
igf-1 contributes to cardiac hypertrophy via activation of pi3k / akt signaling . however , the relationships between igf-1 , pi3k / akt signaling and sarcolemmal potassium currents remain unknown .
therefore ... |
simultaneous electrical stimulation of both ventricles in patients with interventricular conduction disturbance and advanced heart failure improves hemodynamics and results in increased exercise tolerance , quality of life [ 1 - 3 ] .
our approach is based on transthoracic dynamic three - dimensional ( 3d ) echocardi... | simultaneous electrical stimulation of both ventricles in patients with interventricular conduction disturbance and advanced heart failure improves hemodynamics and results in increased exercise tolerance , quality of life .
we have developed a novel technique for the assessment and optimization of resynchronization ... |
gene therapy attempts the insertion and expression of exogenous genetic material in cells for therapeutic purposes .
the transfer of nucleic acids can be performed directly in vivo or through modified cells ex vivo , and it can be combined with other treatments based on conventional medicine , physical therapy , surg... | gene therapy attempts the insertion and expression of exogenous genetic material in cells for therapeutic purposes . conceived in the 1960s , gene therapy reached its first clinical trial at the end of the 1980s and by december 2013 around 600 genuine open clinical trials of gene therapy were registered at nih clinical... |
ampullary carcinomas arise from the ampulla or papilla of vater ( the duodenal papilla ) and account for 0.2% of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract . however ,
with a proportion of 7% to 9% , they represent the second largest proportion ( after pancreatic carcinoma ) of periampullary carcinomas , which include ampu... | introduction .
although ampullary carcinoma has the best prognosis among all periampullary carcinomas , its long - term survival remains low .
prognostic factors are only available for a period of 10 years after pancreaticoduodenectomy .
the aim of this retrospective study was to identify factors that influence t... |
band - shaped keratopathy ( bsk ) is characterized by the deposition of a whitish , grayish , or yellowish opacity in the superficial layers of the central cornea . in the early stages
, it appears in the nasal or temporal margins of the cornea , leaving a clear space between the corneal limbus and the opacity .
th... | backgroundthe purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of 2% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( edta ) for the treatment of band - shaped keratopathy.methodswe studied 24 eyes of 16 patients with band - shaped keratopathy who underwent edta chelation treatment from april 1 , 2011 to december 31 , 2012 .
w... |
one - year survival rates for liver transplantation currently stand at more than 80% in the us and europe [ 1 , 2 ] ; however , the demand for liver transplants far outstrips the number of available donor livers as increasing numbers of patients are referred for transplantation .
moreover , the global incidence of co... | despite the success of liver transplantation , long - term complications remain , including de novo malignancies , metabolic syndrome , and the recurrence of hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) and hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) . the current mainstay of treatment , calcineurin inhibitors ( cnis ) , can also worsen posttranspl... |
cancer of the head and neck ( h and n ) is the fifth most common cancer in the united states , and despite significant progress in therapeutic modalities , almost half of patients with this diagnosis will relapse with local or distant disease , indicating the need for novel therapeutic interventions [ 1 , 2 ] .
treat... | background and aim .
egfr is commonly expressed in cancers of the head and neck ( h and n ) , and anti - egfr agents have demonstrated improvements in outcomes ( ttp and os ) . the aim of this study was to determine egfr gene status in h and n cancer patients treated with gefitinib and to correlate mutational status ... |
traditional laparotomic appendectomy has always been an essential part of the surgical resident training program . however , worldwide introduction of laparoscopic appendectomy ( la ) in the early nineties has renewed the interest of many staff surgeons in this technique , due to its excellent results , better patient ... | background : laparoscopic appendectomy is widely performed by surgical residents , but its changing indications and outcomes have been poorly investigated . the aim of this study was to examine whether a difference exists in indications and outcomes between laparoscopic appendectomies performed by residents and those p... |
repeated hyperglycemia after meals causes hyperinsulinemia and a resultant resistance to insulin , which is problematic for people who have mild diabetes mellitus or are at risk for diabetes mellitus , and for people with obesity , because insulin is the obesity hormone.1 suppressing hyperglycemia after a meal will sup... | there is a belief that walking just after a meal causes fatigue , stomach ache , and other types of discomfort .
however , the author and one volunteer participant had no such negative reactions , and found that walking just after a meal was more effective for weight loss than waiting one hour after eating before wal... |
gingival overgrowth or gingival enlargement is an increase in size of the gingiva and accounts to one of the many types of periodontal diseases .
based on etiologic factors and pathologic changes , gingival enlargement may be classified as - ( 1 ) inflammatory enlargement : acute and chronic ; ( 2 ) drug induced e... | oral cavity functions as an early indicator for a variety of systemic diseases
. early and accurate diagnosis of these underlying systemic disorders entails thorough examination of the oral mucosa , gingiva , teeth , tongue and other oral tissues .
although gingival changes may be related to local factors in the or... |
the efficacy of dolutegravir has been demonstrated in randomized studies in integrase inhibitor - naive adult populations.to date , a detailed review of the dolutegravir lipid profile has not been provided in the literature.dolutegravir has shown a broadly neutral effect on serum lipids in comparative clinical trials .... | background and objectiveslong - term use of antiretroviral therapy ( art ) to treat hiv infection has been associated with dyslipidemia and metabolic and cardiovascular complications .
available options for patients at risk of cardiovascular disease include antiretroviral drugs with improved lipid profiles .
dolute... |
widespread industrial applications of chromium and the resultant effluent discharge affect the environment adversely . conventional chemical , physical methods ( chemical precipitation , chemical oxidation or reduction , ion exchange , filtration , electrochemical treatment , reverse osmosis , membrane technologies , e... | an indigenous bacterium , bacillus rep02 , was isolated from locally sourced chromium electroplating industrial effluents .
response surface methodology was employed to optimize the five critical medium parameters responsible for higher % cr2 + removal by the bacterium bacillus rep02 .
a three - level box - behnken... |
in many calcium - regulated exocytotic systems , the response to increasing concentrations of intracellular calcium is characterized by a sigmoidal relationship between exocytosis and calcium concentration ( reviewed in knight and scrutton , 1986 ; knight and baker , 1987 ) .
there exist calcium concentrations that... | a graded response to calcium is the defining feature of calcium - regulated exocytosis .
that is , there exist calcium concentrations that elicit submaximal exocytotic responses in which only a fraction of the available population of secretory vesicles fuse .
the role of calcium - dependent inactivation in defi... |
one in every eight us seniors over the age of 65 has been diagnosed with alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , amounting to more than 5.4 million people . with the aging baby boomers ,
unfortunately , pharmaceuticals have had limited success in preventing or treating age - related cognitive dysfunction , such as ad or even n... | age - related cognitive decline is linked to numerous molecular , structural , and functional changes in the brain . however , physical activity is a promising method of reducing unfavorable age - related changes .
physical activity exerts its effects on the brain through many molecular pathways , some of which are r... |
patients with primary hyperparathyroidism ( phpt ) may seem to experience progression of the disease as measured by extreme elevations of serum or urinary calcium or by the advent of renal dysfunction , nephrocalcinosis or worsening osteopenia .
however , neuromuscular weakness remains an infrequent association , whi... | the natural history of untreated asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism ( phpt ) remains incompletely understood .
increased level of parathyroid hormone produces the characteristic biochemical phenotype of hypercalcemia , hypophosphatemia and the various clinical sequelae of chronic hypercalcemia
. periodic para... |
we designed this cohort study to assess how different glucose - control strategies affect key microvascular and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes in typical patients in community - based practices .
we assessed the impact of four progressively more aggressive glucose - control strategies on ami and two m... | objectivecomparative effectiveness research methods are used to compare the effect of four distinct glucose - control strategies on subsequent myocardial infarction and nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.research design and methodsa total of 58,000 adults with type 2 diabetes and a1c < 7% ( 53 mmol / mol ) while taking two... |
pulmonary hypertension ( ph ) is a relevant complication in the natural history of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) , since its presence is associated with shorter survival , increased risk of exacerbations , and greater use of health care resources.1 the actual prevalence of ph in copd rema... | introductionfew data are available in regards to the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension ( ph ) in the broad spectrum of copd .
this study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of ph in a cohort of copd patients across the severity of airflow limitation , and reporting the hemodynamic characteristics at rest and dur... |
many areas of the world experience a high population burden of metabolic abnormalities collectively known as metabolic syndrome ( 1 ) . included in this syndrome are insulin resistance ; adiposity ; hyperglycemia ; hyperlipidemia ; elevated blood pressure ; and a sustained , mild proinflammatory profile ( 1 ) . over th... | objectiveapproximately one - third of the adult u.s . population has the metabolic syndrome .
its prevalence is the highest among hispanic adults , but variation by hispanic / latino background is unknown .
our objective was to quantify the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among men and women 1874 years of age ... |
angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors ( aceis ) and angiotensin receptor blockers ( arbs ) are among the first line anti - hypertensive drugs . however , the rationality of fixed dose combination of aceis and arbs is a matter of ongoing debate .
some studies have reported beneficial effect of combination therapy... | the risk for angioedema has been suggested lower with angiotensin receptor blockers ( arbs ) than with angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors ( aceis ) or aliskiren .
many isolated reports do exist , reporting angioedema with arbs such as olmesartan , valsartan , losartan and telmisartan . to the best of our know... |
radiation for treatment of locally advanced malignancies can lead to the development of radiation enteritis .
this may present with neovascularization , ischemia , fibrosis , and even strictures , and occurs as a result of microvascular mucosal injury followed by ulceration , mucosal and serosal thickening , inflamma... | radiation proctopathy is a complication of pelvic radiotherapy , which occurs in patients treated for carcinoma of the prostate , rectum , urinary bladder , cervix , uterus , and testes .
if it presents within 6 weeks to 9 months after therapy , it is called acute radiation proctitis / proctopathy ( arp ) , and if it... |
choice , self - determination , and empowerment are foundational values for every patient , especially for those with psychiatric disorders.1 shared decision making ( sdm ) is a clinical model that endorses these values and implements the basic rights of a group of patients who have not sufficiently benefited from cons... | backgroundto measure and compare the extent to which shared a decision making ( sdm ) process is implemented both in psychiatric outpatient clinical encounters and in the primary care setting from the patient s perspective.methodsa total of 1,477 patients recruited from the canary islands health service mental health a... |
it has long been known that all cells , not just excitable nerve and muscle , drive and respond to slow changes in transmembrane potential ( vmem ) .
ion channels and pumps segregates charges to opposite sides of plasma and organelle membranes , producing slowly - changing differences in resting potential among cells... | patterns of resting potential in non - excitable cells of living tissue are now known to be instructive signals for pattern formation during embryogenesis , regeneration and cancer suppression .
the development of molecular - level techniques for tracking ion flows and functionally manipulating the activity of ion ch... |
celem pracy byy : 1 ) analiza obrazw ultrasonograficznych przypadkw ostrego zapalenia pcherzyka ciowego ; 2 ) ustalenie najczstszych przyczyn konwersji z metody laparoskopowej do otwartej laparotomii ; 3 ) okrelenie , w jakim stopniu za pomoc badania ultrasonograficznego mona przewidzie potrzeb konwersji .
w latach 1... | surgical removal of the gallbladder is indicated in nearly all cases of complicated acute cholecystitis . in the 1990s ,
laparoscopic cholecystectomy became the method of choice in the treatment of cholecystolithiasis .
due to a large inflammatory reaction in the course of acute inflammation , a laparoscopic proced... |
neuropsychological evaluation is a very important tool to characterize cognitive aspects in patients with epilepsy and to determine the topography of the epileptogenic zone [ 14 ] . in a previous study conducted by our group
, patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy ( mtle ) displayed a neuropsychological pro... | the aim of the present study is to compare pre- and postsurgical neuropsychological outcome in individuals suffering from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy ( mtle ) , in order to evaluate prognosis .
the selected thirty - five patients had medically mtle and had undergone an anterior temporal lobectomy ( atl ) .
neurop... |
the reported incidence of a heterotopic pregnancy in a spontaneous cycle is quoted as 1 in 30,000 . the direct increase in the incidence
is related to the number of embryos being transferred in an in - vitro fertilization ( ivf)cycle .
tubal damage including scarring , tubal epithelium or cilium damage and stenosis... | heterotopic pregnancy , the presence of two gestational sacs simultaneously , is a rare event but with the advent of assisted reproductive technology , it is now an increasingly common complication .
the reported incidence of a heterotopic pregnancy in a spontaneous cycle is quoted as 1 in 30,000 .
we report the ca... |
african - americans have shown consistently smaller lung function compared with european - americans [ 19 ] .
in addition , forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( fev1 ) and forced vital capacity ( fvc ) in african - americans differed from those in caucasians by the same percentage , signifying that , for the same age a... | african - americans have smaller lung function compared with european - americans .
the aim of this study was to disentangle the contribution of genetics from other variables on lung function.a cohort was followed from birth to 30 years of age in brazil .
several variables were collected : genomic analysis based o... |
diets have been considered as nutriments , medicines , and poisons for thousands of years . with the development of modern nutrition , the roles of each dietary component in health and diseases have been gradually revealed after the understanding of its chemical structures and metabolism .
this has contributed enormo... | the increase in the number of people with obesity- and noninsulin - dependent diabetes mellitus has become a major public health concern .
insulin resistance is a common feature closely associated with human obesity and diabetes .
insulin regulates metabolism , at least in part , via the control of the expression o... |
angiogenesis , a process fundamental to tumor growth , is regulated by angiogenic cytokines , such as vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) , transforming growth factor ( tgf)- , and interleukin ( il)-1 . previously , a number of studies demonstrated that an elevated level of circulating vegf - a was associated w... | purposevascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf)-a , vegf165b , interleukin ( il)-1 , and transforming growth factor ( tgf)-1 are known to influence tumor angiogenesis .
clinical implications of these cytokines need to be elucidated.materials and methodsusing clinical data and baseline serum samples of 140 consecuti... |
renal transplantation requires life - long immunosuppression and despite the fact that new immunosuppressants have allowed the acute rejection rate to be reduced , long - term results have not clearly improved .
thus , in order to achieve tolerance , important resources have been focussed on finding a strategy to ove... | operational tolerance is defined as stable renal function in transplants without immunosuppression for at least 1 year .
we present histological assessments of two patients with operational tolerance .
the first withdrew immunosuppression in 2005 and presents stable renal function ( creatinine 1.5 mg / dl ) without... |
pregnant women are at an increased risk of insulin resistance , elevated inflammation , and oxidative stress , in particular during the third trimester
. these conditions might result from micronutrient deficiency , increased maternal adipose tissue , and production of hormones by the placenta .
it is assumed that ... | background : pregnancy is associated with unfavorable metabolic profile , which might in turn result in adverse pregnancy outcomes .
the current study was designed to evaluate the effects of calcium plus vitamin d administration on metabolic status and pregnancy outcomes in healthy pregnant women.methods:this randomi... |
today , numerous new technological methods are used in medicine . a common one is capturing three - dimensional surface data of patients .
these data can be used for different purposes such as planning for surgical treatment , visualizing complex procedures for the patient or comparing the patient s outcome after tre... | abstractobjectivesin this study is investigated if bundling of two scanners leads to better accuracy in recording faces than a standard face - scanning device.material and methodsin a group of 28 volunteers , two test specimens were attached to their faces : one on their forehead and one turned 90 on their cheek .
ea... |
figure 1 displays some genomic alignments from the popular ucsc genome browser ( http://genome.ucsc.edu/ ) ( 1 ) .
the alignments are optimal local alignments , i.e. genomic subsequence subsequence alignments maximizing an alignment score ( 2,3 ) . because the rigorous smith waterman gotoh algorithm for optimal a... | pairwise sequence alignment is a ubiquitous tool for inferring the evolution and function of dna , rna and protein sequences .
it is therefore essential to identify alignments arising by chance alone , i.e. spurious alignments . on one hand ,
if an entire alignment is spurious , statistical techniques for identifyi... |
cancer is the anomalous growth of cells in our bodies that can lead to death .
these cells are born due to imbalance in the body and by correcting this unevenness ; the cancer may be treated .
consistent with the american cancer society , deaths arising from cancer constitute 2 - 3% of the annual deaths recorded wo... | backgroundalthough the incidence of gastric cancer is declining during the last half century , this cancer still is the second morbid cancer in the world after lung cancer .
the incidence of gastric cancer is 26 per 100,000 in iran .
this study evaluated the effect of alpinia galangal on ags cells ( human gastric a... |
biological samples are an important part of epidemiological investigations of toxic exposures and their disease outcomes .
blood , urine , saliva , or hair has often been utilized to assess risk factors for a specific disease by comparing the concentrations of some environmental toxic substances between affected and ... | biological samples are an important part of investigating toxic exposures and disease outcomes .
however , blood , urine , saliva , or hair can only reflect relatively recent exposures .
alternatively , deciduous teeth have served as a biomarker of early developmental exposure to heavy metals , but little has been ... |
the long strand of genomic dna must be organized three dimensionally in cells to scan and read genome information ; this mediates various cellular functions .
genomic dna is wrapped around core histones and forms a nucleosome fiber ( bead - on - a - string or 10-nm fiber ) .
the nucleosome has long been assumed to ... | genomic dna is organized three dimensionally within cells as chromatin and is searched and read by various proteins by an unknown mechanism ; this mediates diverse cell functions . recently
, several pieces of evidence , including our cryomicroscopy and synchrotron x - ray scattering analyses , have demonstrated that... |
patients ' and clinicians ' esthetic demands have led to the development of high - technology processes such as glass infiltrated spinell and alumina , fused alumina or zirconia materials that are becoming increasingly advanced in their optical properties.1 - 3 these restorations allow diffuse transmission as well as s... | purposethe objective of this study was to compare the light transmittance of zirconia in different thicknesses using various light curing units.materials and methodsa total of 21 disc - shaped zirconia specimens ( 5 mm in diameter ) in different thicknesses ( 0.3 , 0.5 and 0.8 mm ) were prepared .
the light transmitt... |
laparoscopic pyeloplasty is one of the most common laparoscopic reconstructive procedures performed by urologists since it was first described by schuessler et al in 1993 .
ureteropelvic anastomosis is the most important step in pyeloplasty and has a large bearing on its success rate .
although continuous sutures a... | background : laparoscopic pyeloplasty is one of the most common reconstructive procedures performed by urologists .
both continuous and interrupted sutures are being practiced for ureteropelvic anastomosis . the success rate and the complications associated with the suturing technique needs evaluation .
we analyzed... |
romantic relationships plays an important role in the development of many critical tasks of adolescence and young adulthood .
healthy dating experiences are associated positive adjustment and elevated self - esteem whereas aggressive dating experiences are associated with negative outcomes such as internalizing and e... | background : aggression in romantic relationships is a continuing factor for breakups , physical assault , kidnapping , rape and even murder . it is also associated with adjustment difficulties including peer rejection , depression and maladaptive personality features .
the present study aims to explore the personali... |
pe is universally defined as hypertension and significant proteinuria developed at or after 20 weeks of pregnancy in an otherwise normotensive woman [ 13 ] .
pe is a multisystem disorder which complicates 314% of all pregnancies and about 58% of pregnancies in the united states .
the disease is mild in 75% of cases... | reductions in uteroplacental flow initiate a cascade of molecular effects leading to hypoxia , thrombosis , inflammation , and endothelial cell dysfunction resulting in untoward pregnancy outcomes . in this review ,
we detail these effects and their relationship to preeclampsia ( pe ) and intrauterine growth restrict... |
hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the developed world affecting up to 25% of the adult population .
it remains the most important modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease , stroke , congestive heart failure , renal disease , and peripheral vascular disease .
suboptimal blood pressure contr... | resistant hypertension is defined as blood pressure above the patient 's goal despite the use of 3 or more antihypertensive agents from different classes at optimal doses , one of which should ideally be a diuretic .
evaluation of patients with resistive hypertension should first confirm that they have true resistant... |
carbon dioxide ( co2 ) is a very
stable form of carbon ,
the central element of life on this planet and one of the simplest
molecules that was probably highly abundant in the primeval earth
atmosphere .
this gas reacts with water , leading to h2co3 , which is an unstable compound that is spontaneously transfo... | we
report a series of 4-sulfamoylphenyl--aminoalkyl ethers
as carbonic anhydrase ( ca , ec 4.2.1.1 ) inhibitors .
the structure
activity
relationship was drawn for the inhibition of four physiologically
relevant isoforms : hca i ,
ii , ix , and xii . many of these compounds
were highly effective , low n... |
table 1 summarizes the criteria for the 7 dsm - iv somatoform disorders.18 the only validated entities , somatization disorder ( sd ) and conversion disorder , are infrequent.18,20,2533 the failure to validate the other dsm - iv entities stems from extensive overlap of criteria.34 an abridged sd ( asd ) construct requ... | patients with medically unexplained symptoms ( mus ) have little or no demonstrable disease explanation for the symptoms , and comorbid psychiatric disorders are frequent .
although common , costly , distressed , and often receiving ill - advised testing and treatments , most mus patients go unrecognized , which prec... |
solid pseudopapillary neoplasm ( spn ) is a rare pancreatic tumors , characterized by low malignant potential and strong female predilection .
this tumor had several names including frantz s tumor , solid and papillary tumor , solid - cystic tumor , papillary cystic tumor , and solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm... | background
information regarding solid pseudopapillary neoplasm ( spn ) of the pancreas
is limited in iran .
we aimed to review the clinicocytopathological features and
follow - up of patients with spn of pancreas who were diagnosed in a single
center in iran .
methods
seven patients with spn of the panc... |
the horse industry is increasing because of its diversity , and involves
business , sport , gaming , entertainment , or recreation .
the raising of horses
plays a significant role , due to the high number of animals for leisure , which
has generated several direct jobs , such as those needed for handling an... | a coprological survey to determine the influence of some intrinsic factors ( breed , age , and sex ) on the infection by helminth parasites in equine livestock ( n = 418 ) under an oceanic climate area ( nw spain ) was conducted .
faecal samples were individually collected and analyzed by the coprological techniques ... |
a functioning permanent vascular access that can be regularly utilized to access the systemic circulation is crucial for the survival of patients on maintenance hemodialysis . yet
, hemodialysis access failure was reported to be the most frequent cause of hospitalization among patients with chronic kidney disease sta... | central venous stenosis is a well - described sequel to the placement of hemodialysis catheters in the central venous system .
the presence of an ipsilateral arteriovenous fistula or graft often leads to severe venous dilatation , arm edema and recurrent infections .
vascular access thrombosis , compromised blood f... |
osteoarthritis ( oa ) of the knee is one of the most common conditions in the elderly , mostly associated with knee pain1,2 ) .
radiographic oa ( roa ) is defined as a kellgren and lawrence grade of 2 , whereas symptomatic oa ( soa ) refers to roa accompanied by symptoms .
approximately 12% of the total us populati... | purposeto evaluate the analgesic effect , efficacy and safety of aceclofenac controlled release ( cr ) in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis ( oa).materials and methodsa total of 125 subjects with chronic knee oa were randomly divided into two groups : one group ( n=62 ) was administered aceclofenac cr once dail... |
this study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the declaration of helsinki .
the local ethics committee ( radboud university nijmegen medical centre , nijmegen , the netherlands ) approved the study , and all subjects gave written informed consent before participation .
the study population ... | objectiveto investigate whether the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves endothelium - dependent vasodilatation in patients with type 2 diabetes.research design and methodssixteen subjects with type 2 diabetes ( age 59.8 6.8 years , bmi 29.1 4.8 kg / m2 , hba1c 6.97 0.61 ) on oral blood glucose lo... |
continuous renal replacement therapy ( crrt ) has become the preferred modality for the management of critically ill - children with acute kidney injury ( aki ) and fluid overload ( f.o ) , especially in developed countries because of the advances in technology allowing more accurate treatment delivery and better contr... | objective : scanty literature is available regarding continuous renal replacement therapy ( crrt ) utility in severe sepsis with multiorgan dysfunction syndrome ( mods ) from developing countries . author unit 's experience in pediatric crrt is described and outcome of early initiation of crrt with sepsis and mods is a... |
post - thoracotomy pain can adversely affect coughing and deep breathing , resulting in respiratory complications such as hypoxia , atelectasis , chest infection and respiratory failure that may delay recovery and if severe , could be life - threatening .
surgical approach to patent ductus arteriosus ( pda ) ligation... | background and aims : thoracotomy incision following patent ductus arteriosus ( pda ) ligation surgery is often associated with severe post - operative pain that has deleterious effects on respiratory function .
we aimed to assess pain relief with thoracic paravertebral block using either bupivacaine or ropivacaine i... |
in turkey , gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer - related mortality in men , and the fourth most common cause in women.1 it is very important to assess the presence or absence of metastases to establish appropriate treatment plans for gastric cancer . gastric cancer generally metastasizes to the pe... | gastric cancer is a major cause of cancer - related mortality . at the time of diagnosis , majority of the patients usually have unresectable or metastatic disease .
the most common sites of metastases are the liver and the peritoneum , but in the advanced stages , there may be metastases to any region of the body . ... |
patients are provided with functional recovery and esthetical satisfaction at a lower cost.1 however , severe alveolar bone loss can be observed in patients who have worn complete dentures for a long time and inferior alveolar nerve may be near the alveolar ridge due to that process .
this may lead to denture instabi... | implant - supported overdenture is a reliable treatment option for the patients with edentulous mandible when they have difficulty in using complete dentures .
several options have been used for implant - supported overdenture attachments . among these , bar attachment system has greater retention and better maintain... |
the coronary angiogram ( cag ) remains the gold - standard method for assessing coronary artery disease ( cad ) .
however , the cag has inherent pitfalls , such as only showing the vessel lumen as an x - ray shadow image , created by the injection of contrast medium , and of often visualizing a " side - view . "
th... | intravascular ultrasound ( ivus ) is a useful diagnostic method that provides valuable information in addition to angiography regarding the coronary vessel lumen , dimensions , plaque burden , and characteristics .
the major use of ivus in coronary intervention is to guide interventional strategies and assess optimal... |
esophageal injury following blunt chest trauma is extremely rare ( up to 0.1% ) . up to the best of our knowledge ,
the first case of tracheoesophageal fistula in a patient who sustained blunt thoracic trauma was reported by vinson .
delayed treatment of esophageal injury is associated with increased morbidity such... | introductionblunt esophageal injury is extremely rare event .
however , it is a potential morbid injury unless managed early.presentation of casewe report a rare case of blunt esophageal injury for a 28-year old male who presented with history of fall of heavy object over the right side of the chest .
diagnostic wo... |
despite numerous efforts , the search for identification of crucial ligands and receptors being involved in either promotion or inhibition of cell growth , progression and susceptibility to cytotoxic drugs of acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) cells is still warranted .
recently , tnf receptor family - related ligands we... | b - cell activation factor of the tnf family ( baff ) , and a proliferation - inducing ligand ( april ) , two members of the tumour necrosis factor ( tnf ) superfamily , beyond playing a significant role in normal b - cell development , promote survival and proliferation of malignant b cells .
both ligands interact w... |
zeb1 ( also known in vertebrates as ef1 , zfhx1a , areb6 , tcf8 , and zfhep ) and zeb2 ( sip1 ) are the closely related human forms of a two - member family of e - box binding transcription factors that is conserved from worm to man ( for review , see . both proteins contain seven zinc fingers , four near the n - termi... | the zinc finger e - box binding protein 1 ( zeb1 ) transcription factor belongs to a two - member family of zinc - finger homeodomain proteins involved in physiological and pathological events mostly relating to cell migration and epithelial to mesenchymal transitions ( emts ) .
zeb1 ( also known as ef1 , zfhx1a , tc... |
single port access laparoscopy is an element of the natural development of minimally invasive surgery .
it is the next step allowing for improved cosmetic effects , potentially faster recovery , reduction of the number of integument incisions , which reduce postoperative pain , and further reduction of morbidity , su... | objectiveto present seven cases of single incision laparoscopic nephrectomy and nephroureterectomy in children as a recent videoscopic innovation.patients and methodsseven children with nonfunctioning kidneys , three with multicystic dysplastic kidneys , two with end - stage renal nephropathy due to vesicoureteral refl... |
rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is the most common disease of the inflammatory joint diseases , afflicting about 1% of the world population .
the disease can have a very aggressive course and poor outcome as inferred by the analysis of its social impact ( after 10 years of disease duration , more than 50% of ra patients ... | background . we have previously reported a continuous activation of caspase-1 and increased interleukin ( il)-1 levels in early rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) .
these observations raised the hypothesis that drugs targeting the il-1 pathway , in addition to tumour necrosis factor ( tnf ) , may be particularly effective f... |
during gestation , products of the endocannabinoid system in the placenta are crucial for maintenance of pregnancy and for both the onset and progression of labor .
the endogenous ligands for this system , the endocannabinoids , are formed from membrane phospholipids .
two well characterised endocannabinoids are 2-... | mammalian placentation is a vital facet of the development of a healthy and viable offspring . throughout gestation
the placenta changes to accommodate , provide for , and meet the demands of a growing fetus .
gestational gene expression is a crucial part of placenta development .
the endocannabinoid pathway is a... |
chronic prostatitis is a common disease among men , and the incidence is gradually increasing . due to the complicated condition of patients , the suboptimal effect of treatment , and the high rate of relapse
although a many studies have been done on this topic , the pathogenesis and pathophysiologic alterations and ... | the blood - prostate barrier could be the major factor that preventing delivery of drugs to prostate tissue and leads to the failure of treatment .
studies indicate that ultrasonic sonoporation can break the blood - prostate barrier and increase the concentration of drugs , but the mechanism is still unclear .
tigh... |
guz ten lokalizuje si gwnie w jelitach ( z predyspozycj do okolicy krtniczo - ktniczej ) , w wzach chonnych krezki i przestrzeni pozaotrzewnowej .
objawy kliniczne choroby s niespecyficzne : ble brzucha , wymioty , krwawienie z przewodu pokarmowego , objawy ostrego brzucha sugerujce zapalenie wyrostka robaczkowego lu... | introductionburkitt 's lymphoma accounts for approximately 25% of lymphomas diagnosed in children of developmental age .
the tumor is localized mainly in the intestine ( usually in the ileocecal region ) , mesenteric lymph nodes and extraperitoneal space .
the clinical symptoms are non - specific and include : abdo... |
copy number variation clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats human leukocyte antigen - a inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa - b kinase subunit kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mammalian target of rapamycin nuclear factor kappa b non - small cell lung cancer programmed death ligand 1
phosp... | squamous lung cancer is a subtype of non - small cell lung cancer with a poor overall prognosis .
we have recently generated a mouse model of squamous lung carcinoma by overexpressing sex - determining region y - box 2 ( sox2 ) and deleting liver kinase b1 ( lkb1 ) using a lentiviral approach .
this model recapitul... |
the evolution of pathogens and their hosts is often interpreted as an arms race : while hosts have developed multiple mechanisms to protect themselves , pathogens have generated diverse strategies to evade their hosts ' defenses .
but pathogens and hosts have also evolved mechanisms that allow a mutualistic coexisten... | horizontal gene transfer has been long known in viruses and prokaryotes , but its importance in eukaryotes has been only acknowledged recently .
close contact between organisms , as it occurs between pathogens and their hosts , facilitates the occurrence of dna transfer events . once inserted in a foreign genome , dn... |
the prevalence of diabetes mellitus ( dm ) and prediabetes is rapidly increasing worldwide , especially in the developing countries . as a result ,
both the increase in medical costs and the decrease in the quality of life are becoming formidable challenges .
the early diagnosis is of fundamental importance to the ... | background : the conventional approaches to diabetes screening are potentially limited by poor compliance and laboratory demand .
this study aimed to evaluate the performance of fasting plasma glucose ( fpg ) and postprandial urine glucose ( pug ) in screening for diabetes in chinese high - risk population.methods:ni... |
most common chronic diseases are the result of interactions between multiple genetic variants and environmental factors . despite significant advances in the last decade in the understanding of our genome ,
there are substantial limitations in epidemiological and analytic approaches to studying the effects of genetic... | background : our objective was to test the association between familial risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome ( ms ) in adult asian indians.materials and methods : a total of 448 adult ( > 30 years ) individuals ( 257 males and 191 females ) participated in the study .
fa... |
myoepithelioma , also known as myoepithelial adenoma and benign myoepithelial tumour
is a neoplasm mainly constituted by ectodermally derived contractile cells that act
as smooth muscle cells and are named myoepithelial cells .
these tumours can
present several architectural patterns , which are non - myxoid ( ... | abstractbackgroundmyoepitheliomas are rare tumours that may generally arise from the minor or
major salivary glands . the differential diagnosis of this tumour should be
performed along with several benign and malignant soft tissue neoplasms .
the
present case report describes an asymptomatic mass that arose in... |
agents that selectively
associate with cell surface receptors overexpressed
on tumor cells can be used to deliver therapeutics .
this strategy
is referred to here as active to distinguish it from
other forms of targeting ( e.g. , where the agent is intended to directly
cause a therapeutic effect by binding ... | this
contribution features a small molecule that binds trkc ( tropomyosin
receptor kinase c ) receptor that tends to be overexpressed in metastatic
breast cancer cells but not in other breast cancer cells .
a sensitizer
for 1o2 production conjugated to this structure
gives 1-pdt for photodynamic therapy .
... |
gynecological cancers are a frequent group of malignancies in women , accounting for approximately 18% of all cancers of women worldwide.1 cervical cancer ( cc ) is the second most deadly gynecological malignancy in the world . in developing countries ,
500,000 new cases are diagnosed every year , some of which are t... | improvement of screening programs and new treatment strategies against cervical cancer ( cc ) have increased survival rates of patients in the last decades .
as more women survive this type of cancer , their quality of life ( qol ) has become a field of great scientific and social importance .
different types of th... |
for biotechnology development , some conditions are required but
are not always provided at the adequate level in each country .
these conditions include :
the role of different actors such as scientists , educators , journalists , politicians , and economic partners;the existence of specialized structures concer... | in the present study we present the conditions offered to
biotechnology development in tunisia and we compare three main
biotechnology applications which raise ethical and
health problems : organ transplant , assisted reproductive
techniques , and genetically modified organisms .
we try to identify
factor... |
patient adherence to glaucoma treatment regimens is essential to maintain maximum intraocular pressure ( iop ) reduction and to delay disease progression in patients with primary open - angle glaucoma.1 however , adherence with glaucoma treatment is a known problem , with multiple studies suggesting that more than half... | objectiveto determine treatment patterns and costs over a two - year period among new initiators of topical prostaglandin analogs in a managed care population by retrospective cohort analysis of an insurance claims database.methodspatients who initiated therapy with a prostaglandin analog between september 2006 and mar... |
remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices ( cieds ) has been suggested as a new standard for patient follow - up and it has been accepted as an alternative to the majority of scheduled follow - up visits in the international guidelines . expected benefits include reduction of outpatient clinic workloa... | aimsthe homeguide registry was a prospective study ( nct01459874 ) , implementing a model for remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices ( cieds ) in daily clinical practice , to estimate effectiveness in major cardiovascular event detection and management.methods and resultsthe workflow for remote mon... |
eccrine porocarcinoma is a very rare sweat gland tumor that commonly occurs on the lower limb and trunk .
malignant eccrine poroma , also known as eccrine porocarcinoma ( epc ) , is a tumor arising from the epidermal portion of eccrine sweat gland .
this tumor may occur de novo or develop from a preexisting lesion ... | malignant eccrine poroma is a rare malignancy of the eccrine sweat glands , occurring most frequently on the lower extremities .
it affects both sexes equally usually in the 6th to 7th decade of life .
metastasis to regional lymph nodes may occur in 20% that may be fatal in 60% cases .
its aggressive nature , rar... |
collapsing glomerulopathy ( cg ) is being increasingly recognized as a cause of end - stage renal disease .
it is currently classified as one of the pathological variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ( fsgs ) .
the exact cause of this lesion is still not known , but the list of associated genetic and acqui... | collapsing glomerulopathy ( cg ) usually presents with reduced glomerular filtration rate , heavy proteinuria and has unfavorable prognosis .
numerous associations with cg are found .
we encountered a case of cg associated with pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with proteinuria and dialysis - requiring severe renal... |
spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax commonly occur in healthy young men or parturient women , in whom increased intra - alveolar pressure ( valsalva maneuver , cough , emesis ) leads to the rupture of marginal pulmonary alveoli ( 1 ) .
in contrast , pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax following cervical emp... | we describe a 60-year - old woman who developed extensive emphysema , bilateral pneumothorax , and pneumomediastinum after total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection with sacrifice of a recurrent laryngeal nerve . in this report
, we discuss the possisle etiology of those rare complications . |
the incidence of breast cancer is very high in karachi and the highest in asia.1 early diagnosis is the most important factor in increasing the survival rate .
regular mammographic screening has shown great promise in this regard by decreasing breast cancer mortality by 15%20%.2,3 there are no government - funded scr... | backgroundthe purpose of this study was to evaluate mammography reports for diagnosed breast cancer cases in major government and private centers in karachi , pakistan , with respect to concordance with the breast imaging reports and data system ( bi - rads ) lexicon.methodsa prospective , descriptive , multicenter stu... |
in mammals , the central nervous system ( cns ) has the second highest concentration of lipids after adipose tissue .
lipids play a critical role in neuronal membrane function as well as in enzyme , receptor , and ion channel activities [ 1 , 2 ] .
one of the main constituents of brain phospholipids is the omega-3 ... | omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n-3 pufas ) block apoptotic neuronal cell death and are strongly neuroprotective in acute and chronic neurodegeneration . theoretical considerations , indirect data , and consideration of parsimony lead to the hypothesis that modulation of mitochondrial pathway(s ) underlies at lea... |
vitiligo is a non - contagious acquired pigmentation disorder characterized by defined white patches of variable shape and dimensions , increasing in size and number with time .
the prevalence range in india found to be 0.46 - 8.8% with gujarat and rajasthan states have highest prevalence of approximately 8.8% .
ap... | background : vitiligo is one of the disorder that has social impact .
both skin and mucous membrane show depigmentation in vitiligo .
depigmentation in oral cavity can be more easily observed and the patient can be given awareness regarding the condition if they are unaware of vitiligo elsewhere in their body and c... |
it is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid ( senile ) plaques , composed mainly of a peptides , and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles , containing abnormally aggregated and hyperphosphorylated tau protein .
the a peptides are generated by the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein ... | evidence from clinical trials as well as from studies performed in animal models suggest that both amyloid and tau pathologies function in concert with other factors to cause the severe neurodegeneration and dementia in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) patients . accumulating data in the literature suggest that micrornas ( ... |
the use of genome - wide association studies ( gwas ) has successfully linked genetic variants with susceptibility to a wide range of common polygenic diseases .
such gwas , however , have almost exclusively focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) .
additional studies targeted to specific copy number va... | recent studies have suggested that copy number variation ( cnv ) significantly contributes to genetic predisposition to several common disorders .
these findings , combined with the imperfect tagging of cnvs by single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) , have motivated the development of association studies directly t... |
the basic principles of root canal treatment are the eradication of root canal irritant , obturation of the root canal system and preservation of the natural dentition .
traditionally root canal treatment was performed in multiple visits , with medication between root canal preparation and obturation , which mainly a... | aim : this prospective randomized clinical study ( 1 ) investigated the prevalence of post - obturation pain after single visit root canal treatment and ( 2 ) evaluated the influence of factors affecting the pain experience.materials and methods : one thousand three hundred and twenty eight ( 1328 ) patients were inclu... |
the recent world health organization report on the worldwide incidence of tuberculosis ( tb ) indicates that in 2012 there were an estimated 8.6 million incident cases of tb and 1.3 million deaths .
in addition , it is estimated that one third of the world 's population is latently infected with mycobacterium tubercu... | lipid mediators play an important role in infection- and tissue injury - driven inflammatory responses and in the subsequent inhibition and resolution of the response . here , we discuss recent findings that substantiate how mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes its survival in the host by dysregulation of lipid mediator... |
keratoconjunctivitis sicca ( kcs ) , or dry eye , is an eye disease characterized by dryness of the cornea and conjunctiva.1,2 dry eye is usually a chronic disease , affecting more than 10% of the population worldwide . in particular , it is more common among women and people > 65 years old.2,3 dry eye is a multifactor... | objective : to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of optive , a new dry eye product containing sodium carboxymethylcellulose ( 0.5% ) and glycerol ( 0.9% ) , in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca ( kcs).methods : this was a non - interventional and observational study including patients with dry eye who requi... |
epilepsy has a prevalence of approximately 1% ( sander and shorvon , 1996 ) . over half
have focal epilepsy and around one - third are refractory to medical treatment ( semah and ryvlin , 2005 ) . magnetic resonance imaging ( mri )
is the imaging modality of choice to detect possible structural lesions underlying t... | highlights2030% of patients with refractory focal epilepsy have normal mri scans.we evaluated the role of repeated mri with better technology in detecting pathology.804 patients underwent mri at 1.5 t and subsequently at 3 t with superior head coils.relevant new diagnoses were made in 37 ( 5% ) and affected patient man... |
the prevalence of autism has been increasing in the us over the last few decades , but its causes are not well understood .
several ecological analyses of autism have appeared in the last five years , reporting correlations with reported mercury emissions [ 2 , 3 ] , with precipitation , and with race .
these study... | widely cited ecological analyses of autism have reported associations with mercury emissions , with precipitation , and race at the level of counties or school districts .
however , state educational agencies often suppress any low numerical autism counts before releasing data a phenomenon known as administrative c... |
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