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pressure ulcers are defined by the department of health as lesions caused by unrelieved pressure resulting in damage to the underlying tissue . they usually occur over bony prominences and are classified by the degree of tissue damage observed . pressure , shear , friction , moisture , and poor nutrition contribute...	background : pressure ulcers are lesions caused by unrelieved pressure over bony prominences , resulting in damage to underlying tissues . the etiology is multifactorial including prolonged immobility . they usually complicate spinal cord injuries with long periods of bed confinement . the use of bed replacements...
colorectal cancer ( crc ) with invasion limited to the lamina propria ( lp ) is defined as intramucosal carcinoma . the current consensus is that intramucosal crc should not metastasize because colonic lp lacks lymphatics . tis in the tumor , node , metastasis ( tnm ) staging system , and endoscopic resection is r...	intramucosal colorectal cancer ( crc ) is thought not to metastasize because the colonic lamina propria lacks lymphatics . only a few recent case reports have suggested lymph node metastasis from intramucosal crc , but there is no clear evidence supporting the metastatic potential of intramucosal crc . hence , endo...
liver infarction with portal vein thrombosis ( pvt ) is a very rare complication of pancreatic inflammatory disease because of peculiarities in its vascular architecture , such as its intrahepatic double blood supply system . acrodermatitis enteropathica is also an unusual disorder characterized by alopecia , oral an...	liver infarction and acrodermatitis enteropathica are rare complications of chronic pancreatitis . this report shows the case of a 56-year - old man who developed liver infarction due to portal vein thrombosis from chronic pancreatitis and acrodermatitis enteropathica during the course of his treatment . the rare c...
the overall incidence of cancer was reported to be 210.5 per 100,000 in 1999 ( 1 ) . the increases in the rates of each cancer are variable , and the top - ranking cancers in the 1990s and the 2000s are different . for example , the incidences of thyroid cancer and colon cancer has increased dramatically , while th...	the incidence of overall cancer has increased over time . the incidence of top - ranking cancers has changed in the 1990s and the 2000s . however , few studies have evaluated the trends in metastatic skin cancers during this period . we evaluated the recent trends in incidence , peak age and location of metastati...
calcium channel blockers ( ccb ) are leading cause of cardiovascular drug overdose and are responsible for 48% of deaths related to cardiovascular drug exposure . amlodipine is a dihydropyridine group of ccb having half life of 30 - 50 hours and a large volume of distribution ( 21l / kg ) . hemofiltration and dialy...	treatment of patients with amlodipine overdose remains challenging . we describe a case of successful treatment of refractory hypotension , noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute kidney injury after an intoxication with 250 mg of amlodipine . marked improvement in all hemodynamic parameters was noted with combina...
the iii brazilian consensus on rhinitis ( 2012 ) defines allergic rhinitis as an nasal mucosa inflammation , mediated by immunoglobulin e , after exposure to allergens.1 according to aria ( allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma ) initiative recommendation , allergic rhinitis can be classified considering the durat...	introduction the iii brazilian consensus on rhinitis ( 2012 ) defines allergic rhinitis as a nasal mucosa inflammation , mediated by immunoglobulin e , after exposure to allergens . the classic signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis are nasal obstruction , watery rhinorrhea , sneezing , and nasal itching , often re...
cyclosporine is one of the most common immunosuppressants used in allogenic stem cells transplant ( asct ) both in children and adults [ 1 , 2 ] . this population had more digestive problems compared to solid transplant patient ; consisting of mucositis and diffuse inflammation of the intestinal tract related to ...	measurements of cyclosporine ( csa ) systemic exposure permit its dose adjustment in allogenic stem cell transplantation recipients to prevent graft - versus - host disease . csa lsss were developed and validated from 60 asct patients via multiple linear regressions . all whole - blood samples were analyzed by fluo...
atomistic molecular dynamics ( md ) simulations are useful computational methods in the study of biological systems . however , many phenomena , such as vesicle fusion , protein folding , and peptide aggregation occur at time scales much longer than those currently accessible using atomistic simulation and ...	we present an extension of the coarse - grained martini model for proteins and apply this extension to amyloid- and elastin - like peptides . atomistic simulations of tetrapeptides , octapeptides , and longer peptides in solution are used as a reference to parametrize a set of pseudodihedral potentials that d...
neurofibromatosis type 1 ( nf1 ) is an autosomal dominant disorder with an approximate incidence ranging from 1/2,500 to 1/3,000 and a prevalence ranging from 1/2,000 to 1/5,000 in the united states and united kingdom . patients with nf1 have various manifestations , such as caf au lait spots , neurofibromas , intert...	neurofibromatosis type 1 ( nf1 ) , which may occur as an autosom - al dominant disorder , is caused by the absence of neurofibromin protein due to somatic mutations in the nf1 gene , and it has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer . herein we describe a family with two women affected by both nf1 and ...
lipid - lowering treatment with statins clearly reduces morbidity and mortality of patients with documented cad [ 1 - 3 ] . however , because these trial protocols excluded patients with chronic heart failure , information on the effect of statins in this clinical condition is incomplete . since the prevalent etiol...	statins reduce mortality of patients with coronary artery disease ( cad ) . however , by protocol , trials have excluded patients with chronic heart failure . since the prevalent etiology of heart failure is cad , preventing cad may prevent heart failure progression . statins may have other beneficial effects bes...
in the japanese classification , gastric carcinoma is generally divided into two pathological types , the differentiated type and the undifferentiated type , according to the presence of histological tubular structures 1 ; these two pathological types correspond closely to the intestinal type and diffuse type of gastri...	background and study aims : intramucosal vascular density differs between differentiated and undifferentiated type gastric carcinomas . this study aimed to evaluate the microvascular density characteristics of these two types of carcinoma using magnifying endoscopy with narrow - band imaging ( me - nbi ) . patients...
bacterial leakage and root fractures are the two most important causes for root canal treatment failure . gutta - percha and resin sealer ah26 are commonly used for canal obturation , but they have drawbacks due to their lack of adhesion to the canal walls . in fact , the root is not strengthened owing to the lack ...	objective : bacterial leakage and root fractures are the most important reasons of root canal treatment failure . due to the lack of adhesion of gutta percha to the canal walls , resilon has been introduced as a root - filling material able to bond to the root walls . metal posts may predispose the tooth walls to obl...
several species of the protozoan parasites belonging to the genus leishmania are the causative agent of a spectrum of zoonotic disease collectively called leishmaniasis . the disease is considered endemic in over 80 countries and about 2 million new cases occur every year , of which approximately 50% of these new cas...	the complicated interactions between leishmania and the host antigen - presenting cells ( apcs ) have fundamental effects on the final outcome of the disease . two major apcs , macrophages and dendritic cells ( dcs ) , play critical roles in mediating resistance and susceptibility during leishmania infection . macrop...
apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved process in multicellular organisms for eliminating unwanted or damaged cells , and is critical for normal development and tissue homeostasis . environmental factors , such as uv irradiation or oxidative stress , can cause or increase susceptibility to apopotsis . a number of...	recent studies have revealed an unexpected synergism between two seemingly unrelated protein families : ccn matricellular proteins and the tumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) family of cytokines . ccn proteins are dynamically expressed at sites of injury repair and inflammation , where tnf cytokines are also expressed . ...
the systolic blood pressure of the brachial artery of both arms and the posterior tibial artery of both ankles were measured using a blood pressure cuff and a parks model 841-a pocket doppler probe ( parks medical electronics , aloha , or ) . the ratio of ankle to arm systolic blood pressure was calculated for each l...	objectiveto examine ankle - brachial index ( abi ) abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease ( cad).research design and methodsan abi was obtained in 2,240 patients in the bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation 2 diabetes ( bari 2d ) trial . abis were classified as : norma...
	genetic strategies to improve the profitability of sheep operations have generally focused on traits for reproduction . however , natural mutations exist in sheep that affect muscle growth and development , and the exploitation of these mutations in breeding strategies has the potential to significantly improve lamb - ...
hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection , the major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellulcar carcinoma ( hcc ) , is a serious global health concern . the world health organization ( who ) reported that approximately 45% of the population lives in an area with a high prevalence of chronic hepatitis b ( chb).1 chb is p...	hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide , with 75% of those affected distributed in the asia - pacific region . approximately one million hbv - infected patients die of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) each year . if left untreated , 620% of chronic hepati...
although a thyroglossal duct cyst is a congenital anomaly and most commonly presents in a pediatric age group , it can also appear in adults . recent studies have shown that thyroglossal duct remnants are far more common than thyroglossal duct cysts . the key factors involved in the pathogenesis of an acquired cyst...	although a thyroglossal duct cyst is a congenital anomaly , it can also appear in adults . despite the presence of embryological remnants , it is still unclear why the cyst should suddenly develop later in life . we report a case of a 46-year - old male with an extravasation mucocele arising from a long - standing li...
hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide,1,2 and is the major cause of death and second leading cause of disability after childhood malnutrition globally.3 briganti et al reported that almost one third of australian adults may have hypertension.4 in sub - saharan africa , hypertension is th...	backgroundhypertension control is a challenge globally . barriers to optimal control exist at the patient , physician , and health system levels . patient - related barriers in our environment are not clear . the aim of this study was to identify patient - related barriers to control of hypertension among adults ...
in the early years of the wars in afghanistan ( operation enduring freedom , oef ) and iraq ( operation iraqi freedom , oif ) , there appeared to be an increase in the numbers of causalities sustaining a traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) . by early 2005 tbi was being called the signature wound of war in iraq as cases ...	the conflicts in iraq and afghanistan have placed an increased awareness on traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) . various publications have estimated the incidence of tbi for our deployed servicemen , however all have been based on extrapolations of data sets or subjective evaluations due to our current method of diagnosi...
the world health organization ( who ) ranks indoor air pollution ( from biomass fuel combustion ) and urban outdoor air pollution 10th and 14th , respectively , among 19 leading risk factors for global mortality . there is indisputable epidemiologic evidence that air pollution exposure in humans increases not only th...	air quality in kampala , the capital of uganda , has deteriorated significantly in the past two decades . we made spot measurements in mpererwe district for airborne particulate matter pm2.5 ( fine particles ) and coarse particles . pm was collected on teflon - membrane filters and analyzed for mass , 51 elements ,...
the prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide , accompanied by a high incidence of type 2 diabetes ( t2 dm ) and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) . although there is convincing evidence that obesity is accompanied by unfavorable metabolic profiles , such as impaired glucose tolerance , dyslipidemia , elevated blood...	it is now well established that not all obese subjects are at increased risk of cardiometabolic complications ; such patients are termed the metabolically healthy obese . despite their higher - than - normal body fat mass , they are still insulin sensitive , with a favorable inflammatory and lipid profile and no signs ...
equine piroplasmosis ( ep ) is endemic , prevalent and a parasitic disease of all equids , caused by theileria equi and/or babesia caballi that are distributed in most parts of the world ( 1 ) . the cause of equine theileriosis is a blood protozoan t. equi ( laveran 1901 ) . the majority of infected animals showing n...	background : equine piroplasmosis ( ep ) is the cause of persistent tick - borne infection with no symptoms , but the most important problem of ep is due to the persistent carrier state . carrier animals to babesia ( theileria ) equi ( laveran 1901 ) and b. caballi ( nuttall , 1910 ) infestation could be identified b...
myopia has emerged as a worldwide public health issue because of its dramatically increased prevalence during the past few decades , especially in east asia [ 25 ] , with 6090% youngsters affected . myopia occurs at a relatively young age and is more likely to progress to high myopia . in turn , high myopia is as...	background . to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of orthokeratology for slowing myopic progression in children with a well conducted evidence - based analysis . design . meta - analysis . participants . children from previously reported comparative studies were treated by orthokeratology versus control . ...
tumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) , and the introduction of tnf inhibitors has substantially broadened the therapeutic options in ibd . available monoclonal antibodies which are effective for the treatment of crohn 's disease ( cd ) and ulcera...	tumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) is a major cytokine in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) , and tnf inhibition is a cornerstone of contemporary ibd therapy . however , paradoxical induction of ibd has recently been reported upon treatment of rheumatologic disorders with tnf inhibitors . in previous ...
infection is the most common and most serious complication of major burn injuries and is related to burn size and severity of the injury . currently , sepsis accounts for 5060% of deaths in burn patients despite major improvements in antimicrobial therapies . microbial colonization of the open burn wounds is usuall...	sepsis remains the major cause of death in patients with major burn injuries . in the present investigation we evaluated the interaction between burn injuries of varying severity and preexisting distant infection . we used gram - negative bacteria ( pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus mirabilis ) that were genetically...
interventional cardiology has grown rapidly following the development of drug - eluting stents ( dess ) . des make percutaneous coronary interventions ( pci ) simpler , longer lasting and safer . with the advent of these devices , interventions for cases of complex coronary anatomy one of the problems is loss of a ...	break of a stent delivery catheter and subsequent stent loss ( sl ) has been a rare event in the drug - eluting stent ( des ) era . we here report a case of successful retrieval of a stent after a break if the delivery catheter and sl from a balloon catheter at a culprit lesion . we finally resolved this situation ...
deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) is a condition involving the formation of a thrombus within a deep vein [ 1 - 6 ] . dvt affects approximately 160 per 100,000 people annually , with relative yearly cost exceeding one billion dollars . the incidence of pulmonary embolus ( pe ) in patients with dvt ranges from 5% to 20% ...	introductiondeep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) is a serious health problem that affects more than 2 million people annually in the united states . many of these patients develop asymptomatic dvt , but months to years later may experience symptomatic post - thrombotic syndrome ( pts ) . it is not known how many cases of p...
traumatic posterior hip dislocation with ipsilateral intertrochanteric femur fracture is rare . to the best of our knowledge , this is the first case reporting the concomitant presence of posterior dislocation hip , ipsilateral intertrochanteric- and proximal tibia- fracture with popliteal artery injury . a handful...	constellation of ipsilateral posterior hip dislocation , intertrochanteric- and proximal tibial fracture with popliteal artery injury is rare . management of this presentation is challenging . a motor vehicle accident victim presented with these injuries , but without any initial signs of vascular compromise . popl...
samples : common minke whales , bryde s whales , sei whales ( b. borealis ) and sperm whales ( physeter macrocephalus ) were captured legally under the japanese whale research program in the western north pacific ( jarpn ) during 19941999 , and in the offshore ( 20002010 ) and the coastal ( 20062010 ) component...	in a long - term , large - scale serologic study in the western north pacific ocean , anti - brucella antibodies were detected in common minke whales ( balaenoptera acutorostrata ) in the 19942010 offshore surveys ( 21% , 285/1353 ) and in the 20062010 japanese coastal surveys ( 20% , 86/436 ) , in bryde s whales...
the obesity epidemic that has been described by the world health organization ( who ) is more prevalent in women than in men . despite this greater proneness of women to accumulate body fat when exposed to an obesogenic environment , women are less affected by obesity comorbidities because of difference in fat distri...	the aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of mental work and moderate - intensity physical activity on various components of energy balance in young and healthy adults . with the use of a randomized crossover design , 35 participants aged 24 3 years completed three 45-min conditions , namely , ( i ) res...
uropathogenic escherichia coli ( upec ) , a subset of the extraintestinal pathogenic e. coli ( expec ) , is the principal etiological agent of community onset urinary tract infection ( uti ) accounting for substantial morbidity and medical costs worldwide . recent studies have shown that expec isolates have increasin...	extended spectrum -lactamases ( esbls ) confer resistance to third - generation cephalosporins and ctx - m types have emerged as the most prominent esbls worldwide . this study was designed to determine the prevalence of ctx - m positive esbl - producing urinary e. coli isolates from hiv patients and to establish the...
a 75-year - old caucasian female with a past medical history of type 2 diabetes presented with fatigue , jaundice , and pruritus for 7 days . ten days prior to presentation , she had a urinary tract infection that was treated with oral clindamycin , 450 mg every 6 h. her symptoms started 3 days after she started taki...	clindamycin is a lincosamide antibiotic active against most of the anaerobes , protozoans , and gram - positive bacteria , including community - acquired methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus . its use has increased greatly in the recent past due to wide spectrum of activity and good bioavailability in oral f...
an accurate determination of the natural history of a cerebral aneurysm has implications on management . few risk factors other than female gender and cigarette smoking have been identified to be associated with cerebral aneurysm progression , particularly rapid progression . this case series and literature review ...	purposean accurate determination of the natural history of a cerebral aneurysm has implications on management . few risk factors other than female gender and cigarette smoking have been identified to be associated with cerebral aneurysm progression , particularly rapid progression.materials and methodsthis case serie...
currently , more than 70% of kidney cancer is diagnosed in the organ - limited form . this percentage increased significantly in recent years mainly due to the wide introduction of imaging techniques . in 2011 in poland kidney cancer was diagnosed in more than 2,700 men and 1,800 women and died from the disease 1500 ...	aim of the studydue to the emergence of new therapeutic opportunities in the second - line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma , the choice of the appropriate medication requires consideration . making the selection one should take into account the likelihood of response , the probability of toxicity , propert...
congenital absence of the pericardium ( cap ) is a rare cardiac condition usually identified incidentally on autopsies and surgical procedures . the prevalence , including cases with other cardiopulmonary anomalies , is approximately 0.002 - 0.004% of the surgical and pathological series . the pathogenesis is multi...	congenital absence of the pericardium is a rare cardiac condition , which can be either isolated or associated with other cardiac and extracardiac anomalies . there are six different types , depending on the severity of the involvement . most of the patients with this defect are asymptomatic , especially the ones w...
vitamin a exists in three physiologically active forms ( vitamers ) namely retinol ( alcohol ) , retinal ( aldehyde ) and retinoic acid ( acid ) , which are collectively known as retinoids ( which also include synthetic compounds having some biological activity of vitamin a ) . vitamin a is an important fat - soluble...	during the last century , vitamin a has evolved from its classical role as a fat - soluble vitamin and attained the status of para-/autocrine hormone . besides its well - established role in embryogenesis , growth and development , reproduction and vision , vitamin a has also been implicated in several other physiologi...
one - third of adult americans are overweight , defined as a body mass index ( bmi ) between 25 and 30 kg m , and an additional one - third are obese , defined as a bmi of 30 kg m or greater . there are promising data from the centers for disease control and prevention to suggest that the prevalence of overweight...	approximately two out of three adult americans are overweight or obese . despite widespread recognition of this disorder , there has been little progress in the past 20 years in finding effective noninvasive treatments for weight loss . the consequences of obesity are increasingly well recognized and include increa...
numbers were maintained at about this level for a further five years since when there has been a consistent reduction in the mule population . in 2009 the numbers of mules in the country were at their lowest recorded , the actual number being about 51,500 . the reason for mules maintaining their numbers for a...	mules are known to have been used as carriage and riding animals in mesopotamia and anatolia as early as the beginning of the second millennium bc but may have been first bred in anatolia in the third century bc . they have thus contributed to turkey s cultural , social and economic heritage for more than 4,000...
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a respiratory disease characterized by the progressive development of airflow limitation in the lungs , causing primarily shortness of breath ( dyspnea ) and diminishing physical exertion capabilities [ 1 , 2 ] . symptomatic patients with copd are dyspnoeic even when ...	objectives . this study investigated the activity behavior of patients with copd in detail compared to asymptomatic controls , and the relationship between subjective and objective activities ( awareness ) , and readiness to change activity behavior . methods . thirty - nine patients with copd ( 66.0 years ; fev1% pr...
overweight and obesity are important clinical and public health burdens worldwide affecting more than 30% of adult population . aging- and menopause - induced estrogen deficiency results in an increase in body weight or abdominal fat and a decrease in lean mass which contribute to an elevated risk of cardiovascular dis...	objectives . this paper reported the effects of commonly used whole soy foods ( soy flour ) and purified daidzein ( one of the major isoflavones and the precursor of equol ) on changes in anthropometric measurements and body composition in a 6-month double - blind , randomized , placebo - controlled trial among prehype...
the largest concentration of thalassemia patients are seen in south east asia , sri lanka , bangladesh , north west india , pakistan , middle east countries , greece , and italy . in south east asia , there are 40 million carriers of thalassemia gene , 50% of which are in india alone . the mean prevalence of the ca...	background : the ideal management of thalassemia involves a multidisciplinary therapeutic team approach and should be preferably done at a comprehensive thalassemia care center with all sorts of specialists and the backup of a well - equipped blood bank . however , in developing country like ours , these facilities are...
data on one or more of the renal function measures at the age of 6064 years ( egfr calculated using cystatin c alone ( egfrcys ) , egfr calculated using cystatin c in combination with creatinine ( egfrcr - cys ) , and urine albumin creatinine ratio ( uacr ) ) were available for 2198 study members ; birth weight data w...	low birth weight has been shown to be associated with later renal function , but it is unclear to what extent this is explained by other established kidney disease risk factors . here we investigate the roles of diabetes , hypertension , and obesity using data from the medical research council national survey of heal...
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) patients at all stages.1 the process of cvd is thought to commence early in ckd because it is common in patients commencing renal replacement therapy ( rrt).2 foley et al . found that only 15% of end - s...	background : cardiovascular risk factors are responsible for cardiovascular disease and rapid progression of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) to end - stage renal disease . prompt evaluation , modification , and treatment of these factors in predialysis patients will reduce morbidity and mortality . this study assess...
tumour necrosis factor alpha ( tnf- ) is a pleiotropic cytokine known to play a major role in host defense mechanisms , initiating a beneficial local inflammation which in excess , however , may cause tissue damage . since 1999 , anti - tnf- therapy has been used with success in the treatment of patients suffering fr...	tnf- is a pleiotropic cytokine , which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune and/or inflammatory systemic diseases . systemic vasculitis constitutes a group of rare diseases , characterized by inflammation of the arterial or venous vessel wall , causing stenosis and thrombosis . treatment of...
central retinal artery occlusion ( crao ) is the occlusion of the central retinal artery resulting in infarction of the retina and acute , painless vision loss . furthermore , atherosclerosis - related thrombus , embolism , vasospasm , and giant cell arteritis have been known as causes of crao . since the disease i...	backgroundcentral retinal artery occlusion ( crao ) is the occlusion of the central retinal artery resulting in retinal infarction and acute vision loss . digital subtraction angiography ( dsa)guided superselective ophthalmic artery or selective carotid thrombolysis remains the preferred treatment method for crao . ...
hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection has been associated with various extrahepatic manifestations , and diabetes mellitus is one of these . diabetes in patients with chronic hepatitis c infection ( chc ) has unique and complex pathogenesis , which distinguishes this metabolic disorder from type 2 diabetes mellitus . i...	macrophage activation seems to be a feature of chronic liver diseases . picolinic acid ( pa ) as a macrophage secondary signal causes the activation of interferon - gamma- ( ifn-- ) prime macrophage and triggers cytokine - driven inflammatory reactions . the rationale for seeking increased pa formation in chronic vir...
one such system is nucleotide excision repair ( ner ) , which eliminates photoproducts from dna strands by dual incision on both sides of a damaged base . when a replicative dna polymerase stalls upon encountering a residual photoproduct on the template strand , it is relieved by other low - processivity polymerase(s...	when a replicative dna polymerase stalls upon encountering a lesion on the template strand , it is relieved by other low - processivity polymerase(s ) , which insert nucleotide(s ) opposite the lesion , extend by a few nucleotides , and dissociate from the 3-oh . the replicative polymerase then resumes dna synthesis ...
the techniques of performing laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy ( lavh ) , laparoscopic hysterectomy and laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy are well established in the literature .. these methods have utilized laparoscopes greater than 5 mm in diameter , usually 10 mm or larger . when this surgery is acc...	in an effort to further decrease patient postoperative scarring and discomfort , a new technique of micro - laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy is employed . using a 2-mm lateral port , a single infraumbilical port for the power source , and a 3-mm or 5-mm suprapubic port for aid in manipulation , seven consecut...
intestinal pseudo - obstruction ( ipo ) is characterized by ineffective intestinal propulsion without mechanical or obstructive factors . its clinical manifestations include nausea , vomiting , dysphagia , abdominal distension , abdominal pain , constipation , and weight loss . it is also characterized by sluggish ...	intestinal pseudo - obstruction ( ipo ) is an uncommon , severe complication that occurs in a small subgroup of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) . to our knowledge , approximately 30 cases of ipo in sle have been reported in the literature . moreover , ipo is rare as an initial manifestation of sle ...
pulmonary complications have been shown to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the perioperative period , in both cardiothoracic surgical populations , and non - cardiothoracic surgery . several large studies that have looked at perioperative pulmonary complications ( pcc ) include a 2000 prospective cohor...	perioperative pulmonary complications are known to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality , and as such , contribute a large burden to the health care system globally . anesthesiologists have an important role during the perioperative period to identify patients at risk of these complications and intervene in or...
the selection and arrangement of maxillary anterior teeth for edentulous patients in a natural and esthetically pleasing form has remained an elusive and challenging endeavour . dentist use various techniques , their clinical expertise and aesthetic sense to attain acceptable results . the pre - extraction records ...	objectives : the aim of the study was to determine the vertical distance of maxillary central incisor ( ci ) and maxillary canine ( ca ) from the incisive papilla ( ip ) line and their variation with age and sex.materials and methods : a total of 120 dentulous subjects following the inclusion and exclusion criteria wer...
aftereffects are a powerful behavioral paradigm used to infer how information is represented in the brain and how neural populations and circuits change over time neural dynamics . in the case of motion aftereffect paradigms , for example , an observer stares at visual motion such as a drifting grating ( the a...	the brain continuously adapts to incoming sensory stimuli , which can lead to perceptual illusions in the form of aftereffects . recently we demonstrated that motion aftereffects transfer between vision and touch.1 here , the adapted brain state induced by one modality has consequences for processes in another ...
limb - saving surgery of bone tumours has increased due to improvement in imaging , adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy . large massive cortical allografts , large endoprostheses or a combination of both ( composite ) are the state of the art for reconstruction . allograft fixation can be achieved with internal fi...	reconstructions of large segmental bone defects after resection of bone tumours with massive structural allografts have a high number of reported complications including fracture , infection and non - union . our goal is to report the survival and complications of massive allografts in our patients . a total of 32 ...
castleman 's disease ( cd ) is a relatively uncommon benign disease that is characterized by lymphoid hyperplasia . we describe herein a case of cd presenting as a soft - tissue tumor in the arm and discuss with reference to the literature . we studied aspirates in which the cytology was indicative of cd and which ...	castleman 's disease ( cd ) , a rare benign disease is characterized by lymphoid hyperplasia of uncertain etiology that may present as a nodal or extranodal mass . we describe herein a rare case of cd occurring in the soft - tissue of right arm in a 55-year - old woman . the present case is instructive in the differe...
engage : european network for genetic and genomic epidemiology ; helex : centre for health , law and emerging technologies ; hugo : human genome organization ; pg : public population project in genomics . bmk wrote the first draft of the manuscript ; jrh , amt , ibl , jk , md and mhz contributed equally to the man...	data sharing is increasingly regarded as an ethical and scientific imperative that advances knowledge and thereby respects the contributions of the participants . because of this and the ever - increasing amount of data access requests currently filed around the world , three groups have decided to develop data shari...
one of the great challenges in chemistry , and particularly electrochemistry , is the catalysis of multielectron or multihole reactions . the mechanism of such reactions is generally ambiguous , particularly whether the reaction consists of a succession of independent oxidation / reduction steps or a concer...	water oxidation is a key chemical reaction , central to both biological photosynthesis and artificial solar fuel synthesis strategies . despite recent progress on the structure of the natural catalytic site , and on inorganic catalyst function , determining the mechanistic details of this multiredox reaction ...
the international cerebral palsy workshop defined cerebral palsy as a clinical syndrome in which non - progressive disturbances occurring in the brain of the fetus or infant induce activity limitations by causing a permanent disorder in the development of movement and posture1 . clinicians and researchers cat...	[ purpose ] to determine whether the gross motor performance measurement is useful in predicting the future score of the pediatric balance scale , this study examined the correlation between the 2 measurement tools with respect to movement disorder in children with cerebral palsy . [ subjects and methods ] a tota...
fine needle aspiration ( fna ) of salivary gland represents one of the most challenging areas of cytopathology due to a wide variety of reactive and neoplastic lesions . pathologically , salivary gland tumors have been described as one of the most heterogeneous groups of human tumors . there is marked cytomorpholog...	salivary gland cytopathology is a diagnostically challenging area with overlapping cytomorphological features between benign , malignant , and metastatic tumors . we report the case of 45-year - old male who presented with two swellings in right retroauricular and infraauricular region along with a palpable single ri...
however the prognosis of gist has been changed dramatically after the introduction of imatinib mesylate ( glivec , previously called sti571 ) . imatinib inhibits not only bcr - abl tyrosine kinase and platelet - derive growth factor ( pdgf ) , but also c - kit kinase which is constitutively activated in gists . by th...	we report a gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( gist ) patient with male gynecomastia and testicular hydrocele after treatment with imatinib mesylate . a 42 yr - old male patient presented for management of hepatic masses . two years earlier , he had undergone a small bowel resection to remove an intraabdominal mass lat...
until recently the antithrombotic therapies available to patients for the prevention of stroke due to atrial fibrillation ( paf ) have been fairly limited and have included : warfarin , an oral anticoagulant ( oac ) ; acetylsalicylic acid ( asa ) , an antiplatelet agent ; or no treatment . accordingly , the acc / aha...	aimsthe availability of new antithrombotic agents , each with a unique efficacy and bleeding profile , has introduced a considerable amount of clinical uncertainty with physicians . we have developed a clinical decision aid in order to assist clinicians in determining an optimal antithrombotic regime for the preventi...
the development of weapon ammunition and energetic materials requires higher integrate performance including powerful efficacy , controllable energy release , insensitivity , and being friendly to environment . high energy density materials ( hedm ) offer the needful properties mentioned above fortunately , with addi...	density functional computations were performed on two tetracoordinated ni(ii ) complexes as high nitrogen content energetic materials ( 1 : dinickel bishydrazine ter[(1h - tetrazol-3-yl)methan-3yl]-1h - tetrazole and 2 : dinickel tetraazide ter[(1h - tetrazol-3-yl)methan-3yl]-1h - tetrazolate ) . the geometrical stru...
wounds , especially chronic ones , are now a major health concern affecting a large number of patients and causing a considerable reduction in their health - related quality of life [ 1 , 2 ] . for this reason , research on wound healing agents is currently an attractive and developing field in biomedical sciences [ ...	introduction . this study compared the healing efficacy and possible adverse effects of topical alpha and medical - grade honey ointments on cutaneous wounds in rats . methods . to conduct the study , 22 male sprague - dawley rats were randomly allocated into two equal groups : ( 1 ) rats with alpha ointment applie...
	the carcinogenic effects of di(2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate ( dehp ) , including its potential as an initiator and as a promoter of carcinogenesis , were studied in mouse liver and skin and in rat liver in vivo , and in mouse epidermis - derived jb6 cells in vitro . a mouse model for liver initiation and promotion involved...
sweat gland carcinomas are rare malignant tumors of the skin.15 one entity is the aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma . these tumors are capable of aggressive local invasion resulting in a high recurrence rate , and are characterized by predominantly digital location . as the tumor is slow - growing , painles...	aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinomas are rare malignant tumors often located on the digits of the hand . due to lack of pain , slow growth , and an inconspicuous appearance , diagnosis is often missed or delayed . we report two cases and review the present literature to give recommendations for diagnosis an...
the complex embryologic morphogenesis of the pancreatic gland by fusion of the dorsal and ventral bud of the primordial foregut possibly results in congenital anomalies that remain asymptomatic and are found incidentally during clinical imaging . other variants of pancreas and pancreatic ducts may cause recurrent pan...	pancreatic malformations usually represent a surgical challenge , however , depending on the anatomical location even complex procedures such as pancreatic head resection may be facilitated . in a 78-year - old - woman the unique observation of a missing pancreatic isthmus was made during pylorus - preserving pancreati...
ischaemic or ischemic heart disease ( ihd ) , or myocardial ischaemia , is a disease characterized by ischaemia ( reduced blood supply ) of the heart muscle , usually due to coronary artery disease ( atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries ) . its risk increases with age , smoking , hypercholesterolaemia ( hig...	the determination of polonium 210po in human blood samples is presented and discussed in this paper . the human blood samples were collected from patients of medical university of gdask with ischaemic heart disease ( morbus ischaemicus cordis , mic ) . the polonium concentrations in analyzed human blood sam...
a 62-year - old man reported with a history of bilateral progressive , painless blurring of vision for the last 2 years . two years ago , admittedly for visual problems , he underwent uneventful cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation in the right eye , but with no visual benefit . he continued to exper...	we report a case of benson 's syndrome , a form of occipital alzheimer 's disease , with posterior cortical atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging , in a 62-year - old male , who presented with visual problems , ascribed to the eyes , and had even undergone cataract / intraocular lens surgery in the right eye ; and chan...
neck pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder , and its economic cost is increasing in modern society . many people work for a long time on monotonous tasks and consequently suffer from chronic neck pain . the life and work of the worker is usually affected , which leads to a tremendous economic burden due t...	[ purpose ] nonspecific neck pain is a common musculoskeletal disease . therapeutic exercise has been shown to improve pain and disability in short - term and midterm follow - ups . this study performed a literature review of the long - term effects of therapeutic exercise on subjects with nonspecific chronic...
dna sample : a total of 658 dna samples extracted from cattle blood from cebu , iloilo , negros oriental , negros occidental , cavite and batangas in the philippines [ 33 , 34 ] were used ( fig . 1.the philippine map indicating the sampling area ( shaded ) . ) . in brief , the dna extraction was performed using...	abstracta total of 658 cattle in 6 provinces in the philippines were screened for anaplasma marginale infection by using a diagnostic heat - shock operon ( groel ) gene - pcr assay . the screening - positive samples were further tested using the major surface antigen protein 1a ( msp1a ) gene - pcr assay . sc...
the study of protein aggregation is critically important for understanding the etiology of many misfolded protein disorders such as alzheimer s disease , parkinson s disease , type 2 diabetes , and sickle cell anemia . in addition to a deeper understanding of these conditions , lessons learned from protein ...	a better understanding of protein aggregation is bound to translate into critical advances in several areas , including the treatment of misfolded protein disorders and the development of self - assembling biomaterials for novel commercial applications . because of its ubiquity and clinical potential , albu...
in the primary care setting , assessment of growth and development is the foundation of pediatric care , and various forms of neglect and abuse may have an adverse influence on these factors . if the onset is during infancy , such the condition is referred to as failure to thrive ( ftt ) , which indicates both a defi...	backgroundnowadays , one of the major public health problems among children is growth failure . it can be characterized in terms of either inadequate growth or the inability to maintain growth.objectivesthe main objective of this study was to examine the effects of some factors on growth failure among a sample of infan...
septic cavernous sinus thrombosis ( cst ) is a rare condition that can result in high mortality and morbidity rates if not treated immediately . less common primary sites of infection include the tonsils , soft palate , middle ear , and orbit . reported cases of middle ear infection the present study is a case repo...	introductionseptic cavernous sinus thrombosis ( cst ) is a rare condition that can result in high mortality and morbidity rates if not treated immediately . cst may be aseptic or septic . less common primary sites of infection include the tonsils , soft palate , middle ear , and orbit . reported cases of middle ear...
millions of urban poor women lack access to adequate water and sanitation even though this is considered a basic human right . the health of women often correlates with the health of children and the health of communities more generally , since many women living in urban informal settlements disproportionately suppor...	inadequate urban sanitation disproportionately impacts the social determinants of women 's health in informal settlements or slums . the impacts on women 's health include infectious and chronic illnesses , violence , food contamination and malnutrition , economic and educational attainment , and indignity . we used ...
the study cohort has been described in more detail previously ( 14 ) . within a well - defined source population , we manually examined 250,000 births records from 1925 through 1949 and identified an exposed cohort by identifying all newborn infants with a gestational duration < 35 weeks and/or a birth weight < 2,000...	objective low birth weight is consistently associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood , but the individual contributions from poor fetal growth and preterm birth are not known . we therefore investigated the significance of these two factors separately.research design and methods we identifie...
the obesity epidemic is an ongoing and increasing problem in western societies , with a current prevalence of more than 35% in the united states ( 1 ) . in 2008 , annual health costs attributed to obesity exceeded 140 billion usd ( 2 ) . excessive overweight is associated with an increased risk of numerous diseases i...	backgroundobesity is the result of chronic positive energy balance . the mechanisms underlying the regulation of energy homeostasis and food intake are not understood . despite large increases in fat mass ( fm ) , recent evidence indicates that fat - free mass ( ffm ) rather than fm is positively associated with in...
epithelioid hemangioma ( eh ) was described originally in 1969 as angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia ( alhe ) . lesions usually present as single or multiple red - brown papules or subcutaneous nodules with a predilection for the head and neck region . involvement of the trunk is extremely rare and only nine...	epithelioid hemangioma ( eh ) or angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia ( alhe ) is an uncommon benign disease . we report an unusual case of eh ( alhe ) that arose on the lower back in a zosteriform array . the presence of the characteristic histological appearance of plump endothelial cells with hobnail - li...
using the korean malignant mesothelioma surveillance ( kmms ) tissue bank , 356 cases of mm that occurred between the years 2001 and 2009 were available . of these , 62 formalin - fixed and paraffin - embedded tissue tumor blocks were selected . the selection was based on the availability of adequate neoplastic tis...	backgroundsimian virus 40 ( sv40 ) , a polyomavirus , was discovered as a contaminant of a human polio vaccine in the 1960s . it is known that malignant mesothelioma ( mm ) is associated with sv40 , and that the virus works as a cofactor to the carcinogenetic effects of asbestos . however , the reports about the co...
increasing internet use has been accompanied by concerns regarding problematic internet use ( piu ) . excessive internet use leading to psychological , social , and occupational problems is varyingly termed as piu , internet addiction disorder , and internet dependence ( spada , 2014 ; young , 1998 ) . multiple cro...	backgroundproblematic internet use ( piu ) is an emerging entity with varied contents . behavioral addictions have high comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders . social networking site ( sns ) addiction and role playing game ( rpg ) addiction are traditio...
cervical spondylotic myelopathy ( csm ) occurs due to degenerative changes in the cervical spine leading to progressive spinal cord compression and dysfunction . cervical fixation along with spinal cord decompression is the most commonly performed surgical procedure for medically intractable patients . as there is ...	background and aims : various anaesthetic drugs , in addition to airway block , are used for producing favourable intubation conditions during awake fibre - optic intubation ( afoi ) , but most of them cause respiratory depression and hypoxaemia . the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous ( iv...
mechanism - based pk / pd models typically describe first - order physiological processes that require systems of ordinary differential equations . repeatedly solving these complex systems of ordinary differential equations during the iterative estimation of random and fixed effects can be very computationally intens...	mechanism - based pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic models have a fundamental basis in biology and pharmacology and , thus , are useful for hypothesis generation and extrapolation beyond the conditions of the original analysis data . the complexity of these models necessitates the incorporation of prior knowledge to ...
the bmi is wrongly considered a satisfactory predictor of the percentage of body fat , and it is known that it shows a curvilinear and not a linear association with the body fat percentage in both men and women . beyond the criticisms recently leveled towards the normalization of weight by the square of the height ...	the visceral adiposity index ( vai ) has recently proven to be an indicator of adipose distribution and function that indirectly expresses cardiometabolic risk . in addition , vai has been proposed as a useful tool for early detection of a condition of cardiometabolic risk before it develops into an overt metabolic s...
tissue collection and msi analysis were conducted as previously described.12 formalin - fixed , paraffin - embedded ( ffpe ) tissues of 168 msi - h crc cases were retrieved from the pathology archives of our hospitals . all tissue samples originated from patients who received curative surgery for crc between 2004 and...	backgroundrecent studies have revealed that a small subset of lynch syndrome - associated colorectal carcinomas ( crcs ) is caused by a germline epcam deletion - induced msh2 epimutation . based on the finding of this genetic alteration , we investigated the implications of epcam expression changes in microsatellite ...
asthma is a chronic immunological disorder characterized by inflammation of airways leading to obstruction , coughing , and wheezing in response to an allergen or inorganic pollutants . inflammation in asthma occurs due to excessive infiltration of cells predominantly t cells , eosinophils , neutrophils , macrophages...	asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder delineated by a heightened immunological response due to environmental or genetic factors . single nucleotide polymorphism studies have shown that foxo3a plays a pivotal role in maintaining immunoregulation . polymorphism in foxo3a has been linked to inflammatory diseases s...
metagenomics is the study of genetic material retrieved directly from environmental samples including the gut , soil , and water . typically , human gut microbiota behaves like a multicellular organ , which consists of nearly 200 prevalent bacterial species and approximately 1000 uncommon species . several factors ...	gut microbiota of higher vertebrates is host - specific . the number and diversity of the organisms residing within the gut ecosystem are defined by physiological and environmental factors , such as host genotype , habitat , and diet . recently , culture - independent sequencing techniques have added a new dimensio...
in their lifetimes , without accounting for special cases of major incidents , most people will experience a traumatic event that threatens their life or to cause physical harm . among the general population of the us , 5090% will experience some form of traumatic event at least once in their lifetimes1 . pos...	[ purpose ] to identify the effects of a neck intervention on neck pain and depression in patients with post - traumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) . [ subjects ] thirty - one patients with neck pain and a diagnosis of ptsd were enrolled . [ methods ] neck exercise training was performed with the experimental g...
vascular involvement is rarely seen in nf-1 patients with an incidence of just 3.6% , involving mainly larger blood vessels such as the subclavian artery . we report a case of a massive left sided neck swelling caused by the rupture of an aneurysm from the left costocervical branch . an extensive cervical haematoma...	introductionrupture of blood vessels associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 ( nf-1 ) is a rare but life threatening complication . we report the first case of an aneurysmal rupture from the costocervical trunk in a nf-1 patient treated by endovascular embolisation.presentation of casea 43 year - old gentleman with ...
holmium laser enucleation of the prostate ( holep ) allows a safe and effective treatment for bladder outlet obstruction ( boo ) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) . comparison with conventional treatment modalities shows excellent hemostatic properties and less electrolyte deterioration [ 2 - 4 ] . the ef...	purposeholmium laser enucleation of the prostate ( holep ) is known to have a steep learning curve and , as a result , its clinical usage has limitations . the purpose of this study was to analyze the learning curve and early complications following the holep procedure.materials and methodsa retrospective analysis wa...
biliary obstruction from malignancy of the hepatobiliary system requires biliary drainage through a percutaneous or endoscopic approach . percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage ( ptbd ) has been widely used for a long time , but recently endoscopic biliary drainage has been preferred as a primary method because o...	percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage ( ptbd ) has been widely used , but it has a potential risk of tumor spread along the catheter tract . we herein present a case of solitary ptbd tract metastasis after curative resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma . initially , endoscopic nasobiliary drainage was done on ...
the technique of sentinel node biopsy with lymphatic mapping has revolutionized breast cancer surgery , reducing the resultant risks of undesired consequences from more extensive axillary surgery and leading to the detection of increasingly smaller metastatic foci in the axilla . surgeons strive to achieve a singular...	background . sentinel node biopsy ( snb ) represents the standard of care in breast cancer axillary evaluation . our study aims to characterize the patterns of malignant cell distribution within the sentinel nodes ( sn ) . methods . in a retrospective irb - approved study , we examined the anatomic location o...
drosophila embryonic s2 cells were grown at 25c in serum - free insect culture medium ( hyq sfx ; hyclone ) . primer sequences : cg3436-f 5-atc gct aac agc cat gtc gg-3 , cg3436-r 5-ctt acc gat tca agg agc gc-3 ; grim - f 5-ttc ccg agt ctc tca ccg c-3 , grim - r 5-aca gga acc cac acc act gac-3 ; abdapr - f 5-ttg agt ...	polycomb group of proteins ( pcg ) , by controlling gene silencing transcriptional programs through cell cycle , lock cell identity and memory . recent chromatin genome - wide studies indicate that pcg targets sites are bivalent domains with overlapping repressive h3k27me3 and active h3k4me3 mark domains . during s p...
yeast strains the strains used in this study are listed in table 1 . yeast strains were grown in either ypd medium ( 2% peptone , 1% yeast extract , 2% glucose ) or minimal medium ( 0.67% yeast nitrogen base , 2% glucose , appropriate supplements ) at temperatures required for individual experiments ( 17...	misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) are exported to the cytosol for degradation by the proteasome in a process known as er - associated degradation ( erad ) . cpy * is a well characterized erad substrate whose degradation is dependent upon the hrd1 complex . however , although the fun...
andrographis paniculata ( burm . f. ) nees ( acanthaceae ) is a traditional herb that has been used in taiwan , china , india , and other southeast asian countries for treating inflammation - related diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and viral infections . andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid and is the well ...	andrographolide sodium bisulfate ( asb ) , a water - soluble form made from andrographolide through sulfonating reaction , is an antioxidant and anti - inflammatory drug ; however , the antiphotoaging effect of asb has still not been revealed . oxidative stress and inflammation are known to be responsible for ultravi...
as an executive function ( ef ) , working memory refers to the brain system that stores and manipulates information over brief periods and represents a key process for cognitive functions such as planning , reasoning , and problem solving . the reading span test ( rst ) was developed and implemented to behaviorally mea...	objective . this study examined the relationship between neural activity and executive function ( ef ) by near - infrared spectroscopy ( nirs ) . in addition , an oral reading span test ( rst ) was used to explore this association . methods . fifteen adults participated in the study . we used the rst and simp...
a 6-year - old boy was admitted for cardiac murmur and a tingling sensation of the lower extremities on exercise . physical examination revealed normal pulses in all four extremities with a blood pressure of 130/60 mmhg in the right arm , 132/70 mmhg in the left arm , and 100/74 mmhg in the lower extremities on admis...	pseudocoarctation of the aorta is a rare congenital anomaly of the aortic arch , and it has been described as an elongation of the aortic arch with " kinking " at the level of the ligamentum arteriosum without a pressure gradient across the lesion . the treatment for this condition is controversial . we report here...
patients with inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) have underlying immune dysregulation ; they also frequently require exogenous immunosuppressive agents of different types both as induction and maintenance therapies for their disease state . as a consequence , most patients with ibd are at increased risk of developing...	abstractinflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) is an inflammatory condition of the digestive tract not caused by infectious agents . symptoms of ibd , such as diarrhea and pain , diminish one 's quality of life . underlying immune dysregulation may put ibd patients at risk for severe infectious disease making preventativ...
thyroid nodules showing follicular morphologic features include adenomatous nodule , follicular adenoma ( fa ) , follicular carcinoma ( fc ) , and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma ( fvptc ) . cytologic features are known to overlap among these tumors [ 2 , 3 ] , and definite diagnosis of fa , fc , an...	background . to evaluate the role of ultrasonography ( us ) , us - guided fine - needle aspiration ( usfna ) and intraoperative frozen section ( fs ) in follicular neoplasm . methods . us features , usfna cytology , and fs results were compared based on the pathology results of patients with follicular adenoma ( fa...
we previously reported that in women the proportion of intertrochanteric fractures rises with age , while in men it is the proportion of subcapital fractures that rises.1 this was found in a study of 2,150 hip fracture patients in london , ontario ( population approximately 350,000 ) , over a five - year period , which...	backgroundwe have previously reported a gender difference in the occurrence of hip fracture type with age in our local population . in the current report , we have explored this phenomenon in a canadian population using five years of data from a national administrative database . we have compared community - dwelli...
the numbers of eosinophils and basophils were found to be increased in tissue , blood , and bone marrow and also correlated with disease severity [ 13 ] . additionally , several studies showed that eosinophil / basophil progenitor cells , which develop from bone marrow cd34 cells under the influence of specific chemo...	purpose . enhanced eosinophil / basophil ( eo / b ) progenitor cell levels are known to be associated with allergic inflammation and atopy risk . the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different indoor exposures on the recruitment and differentiation of eo / b progenitors in mother - child p...
molecular docking is a computational method that predicts how a ligand interacts with a receptor . hence , it is an important tool in studying receptor - ligand interactions and plays an essential role in drug design . particularly , molecular docking has been used as an effective virtual screening tool and success...	backgroundsmall - molecule docking is an important tool in studying receptor - ligand interactions and in identifying potential drug candidates . previously , we developed a software tool ( dovis ) to perform large - scale virtual screening of small molecules in parallel on linux clusters , using autodock 3.05 as the...

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