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silane - based self - assembled monolayers
( sams ) with long organic
chains play an important role in surface chemistry as they establish
physically , thermally , and chemically
stable films on substrates such as silicon
oxide and glass .
in addition , varying the functionality of the organic
chain offer... | vinyl - terminated self - assembled monolayers
( sams ) on silicon oxide
substrates were chemically modified by the addition of a bis(trifluoromethyl)methylene
group in a rare gas - phase c c bond - forming reaction to directly
generate films carrying terminal cf3 groups .
the vinyl - terminated
films were... |
a 60-year - old woman , 135 cm in height and 39 kg in weight , was scheduled for right thyroid lobectomy due to thyroid cancer .
she had severe kyphoscoliosis , and surgery was planned under a sternotomy because the thyroid was located below the sternum .
she tolerated light ordinary life activity , but she felt sh... | we report on a case of difficult endotracheal intubation in a patient with marked tracheal deviation at an angle of 90 degrees combined with stenosis due to kyphoscoliosis with vertebral body fusion .
after induction of general anesthesia , a proper laryngeal view was easily obtained using a videolaryngoscope . but a... |
mos1 alleles were selected by visual screening in wormbase ( www.wormbase.org ) for appropriately located transposon insertions and provided by the nemagenetag consortium .
mos1 alleles were identified in wormbase ( www.wormbase.org ) and requested from the nemagenetag consortium ( http://elegans.imbb.forth.gr/nemage... | we have developed a method , mosdel , to generate targeted knock - outs of genes in c. elegans .
we make use of the mos1 transposase to excise a mos1 transposon adjacent to the region to be deleted . the double - strand break is repaired using injected dna as a template .
repair can delete up to 25 kb of dna and si... |
labetalol , a combined alfa and beta - adrenergic receptor antagonist , is an antihypertensive drug frequently used to treat systemic hypertension in acute care settings , including in obstetrics .
we present an unusual case characterized by a rise in blood pressure ( bp ) , rather than hypotension , and temporary ne... | labetalol , a combined alfa and beta - adrenergic receptor antagonist , is used as an antihypertensive drug .
we report a case of an acute rise in blood pressure and lower limb pain due to the inadvertent intrathecal administration of labetalol , mistaking it for bupivacaine , during obstetric anesthesia .
the situ... |
hplc system ( waters 2489 , milford , usa ) consisting of quaternary gradient pump ( tm 600 ) , rheodyne manual injector with 20 l loop , column oven and uv detector was employed for analysis .
working standards of atenolol and lercanidipine were provided by emcure pharmaceuticals , pune , india . a tablet containing... | a simple , rapid , precise and accurate isocratic reversed phase stability indicating hplc method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of atenolol and lercanidipine hydrochloride in commercial tablets . the chromatographic separation was achieved on phenomenex gemini c18 ( 2504.6 mm , 5 m ) co... |
central odontogenic fibroma ( cof ) is a very rare proliferation of mature odontogenic mesenchyme .
it is sufficiently rare that locations and sex and age distributions can not be accurately determined .
the lesion may evolve from a dental germ ( dental papilla or follicle ) or from the periodontal membrane , and t... | central odontogenic fibroma ( cof ) is an extremely rare benign tumor that accounts for 0.1% of all odontogenic tumors .
it appears as an asymptomatic expansion of the cortical plate of the mandible or maxilla .
radiologically it presents as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucency .
it responds well to surgical... |
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice , and contributes to a high prevalence of mortality and morbidity .
factors such as aging , obesity , diabetes , hypertension , and cardiovascular diseases are considered to increase the risk of developing af .
omentin , a novel a... | backgroundomentin-1 is one of the adipokines associated with obesity , diabetes , and coronary heart disease development .
we determined to investigate whether serum omentin-1 concentrations were correlated with the presence of atrial fibrillation ( af).material / methodsserum omentin-1 concentrations were examined i... |
initially introduced in the mid-1960 's , with the adoption of radioactive i into clinical practice , prostate brachytherapy remains a highly effective treatment modality for organ confined prostate cancer . with further development of the transperineal approach in the 1980 's
tumor registry studies initially reveale... | purposeseveral prior studies have suggested that brachytherapy utilization has markedly decreased , coinciding with the recent increased utilization of intensity modulated radiation therapy , as well as an increase in urologist - owned centers .
we sought to investigate the brachytherapy utilization in a large , hosp... |
malignancy - producing granulocyte colony - stimulating factor ( g - csf ) is rare .
robinson first described a g - csf - producing tumor ( gcsf - pt ) in 1974 , and it has since been reported in various sites of cancer .
g - csf is a glycoprotein that stimulates the proliferation and maturation of precursor cell... | granulocyte colony - stimulating factor ( g - csf)-producing nonhematopoietic malignancies have been reported in various organs and are associated with a poor clinical outcome . moreover , carcinoma of unknown primary site ( cup ) is an uncommon malignancy that occurs in about 26% of cancer patients
. cup also has a ... |
emphysematous cholecystitis ( ec ) is an uncommon variant of acute cholecystitis , which is caused by secondary infection of the gallbladder wall with gas - forming organisms [ 15 ] .
the mortality rate of ec is as high as 25% because of its high complication rate [ 2 , 5 ] due to gangrene , gallbladder perforation ,... | emphysematous cholecystitis ( ec ) is an uncommon variant of acute cholecystitis , which is caused by secondary infection of the gallbladder wall with gas - forming organisms .
the mortality rate of ec is still as high as 25% .
emergency surgical intervention is indicated .
open cholecystectomy has been tradition... |
cervical cancer is the third most common cancer and the fourth cause of cancer related mortality among women worldwide.1 in developing countries where access to screening is absent or limited , cervical cancer is the third cause of cancer mortality among women and is therefore much higher than in developed countries wh... | cervical cancer is a major public health problem in morocco .
the cervical cancer has a long precancerous period that provides an opportunity for the screening and treatment .
improving screening tests is a priority goal for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer .
this study was conducted to evaluate the combina... |
mobile applications ( commonly referred to as apps ) are designed for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets . today
, devices with faster processors , smaller batteries , improved memory , and highly efficient operating systems are capable to process many different advanced functions , especially apps , whic... | introduction : smartphone applications ( apps ) have become increasingly prevalent in medicine . due to most pathologists , pathology trainees , technicians , and medical students
use smartphones ; apps can be a different way for general pathology education .
general pathologist - helper ( gp - helper ) is a novel... |
the causes of pulmonary embolism can be venous thromboembolism , and nonthrombotic embolism like septic , fat , air , amniotic fluid and tumour embolism .
tumour embolism to lungs can arise from cancers of breast , stomach , liver , kidney and rarely from choriocarcinoma .
choriocarcinoma is a malignant , trophobla... | pulmonary embolism carries a significant morbidity and mortality .
metastatic choriocarcinoma presenting as pulmonary embolism is a rare event . here , we report a case of a 25-year - lady with a history of worsening shortness of breath for 4 months who was treated as a case of pneumonia and tuberculosis . owing to t... |
between 70 and 75% of all ovarian tumors are of epithelial origin , with borderline ovarian tumors ( bots ) accounting for 10% of these neoplasms .
bots are defined as atypical proliferative tumors or tumors of low malignant potential with microinvasion into the stroma .
there are seven types of bots : serous , muc... | borderline ovarian tumors represent about 10% of all epithelial ovarian cancers , but in contrast to epithelial ovarian cancers , they constitute a group of tumors with a much better prognosis .
an assessment of clinical presentation , physical examination , radiological and biochemical findings is necessary to tailo... |
the avon longitudinal study of parents and children ( alspac ) is a prospective cohort study investigating the health and development of children in the south - west of england,17 the full details of which , including details of representativeness of the sample , are available on the study website ( http://www.bristol.... | backgroundsocioeconomic differentials in adult height are frequently observed , but the age at which these inequalities emerge and the patterns they follow through childhood are unknown.subjects and methodsusing data from the avon longitudinal study of parents and children ( alspac ) , height trajectories from birth to... |
lichen sclerosus ( ls ) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology . at present
, the typical first line of treatment for ls includes various topical steroids to control inflammation .
its epidemiology is probably underestimated , but it has been calculated to have a prevalence of 0.10.3% among all ... | a patient reported to the florida spine institute ( clearwater , fla . ,
usa ) with severe lichen sclerosus of the anogenital region and legs .
the patient 's pain presentation was neuropathic with hypersensitivity , allodynia , swelling , and weakness .
the patient had failed multiple pain management modalities ... |
a 19-year - old male motorcycle rider was hit by a car and complained of pain in the left wrist .
a physical examination revealed tenderness of the left wrist and hypesthesia of the 4th and 5th finger .
the plain radiographs revealed an intraarticular comminuted fracture of the distal radius with posterolateral dis... | ulnar nerve palsy subsequent to a fracture of the distal radius is extremely rare compared to a median nerve injury .
the lesion tends to occur in younger patents with a high - energy mechanism of injury and a severe injury pattern consisting of wide displacement , comminution , combined distal ulnar fracture and ope... |
systems biology is a discipline that examines the organizational relationships between biological structures in an organism , and thus it covers a very broad scope of biology from the macroscopic to the microscopic biology of organisms , ranging from mankind and other animals , plants , and microorganisms to their or... | a novel confocal optical system design and a dual laser confocal scanner have been developed to meet the requirements of highly sensitive detection of biomolecules on microarray chips , which is characterized by a long working distance ( wd>3.0 mm ) , high numerical aperture ( na=0.72 ) , and only 3 materials and 7 ... |
the double - stranded conformation of genomic dna must be unwound to provide single - stranded dna ( ssdna ) intermediates required for dna replication , recombination , and repair .
the ssdna intermediates can adopt various structures like junctions , g - quadruplex , and intramolecular triplex [ 13 ] . in cells ,
... | in an atp - dependent reaction , the escherichia coli recg helicase unwinds dna junctions in vitro .
we present evidence of a unique protein conformational change in the recg helicase from an -helix to a -strand upon an atp binding under dilute conditions using circular dichroism ( cd ) spectroscopy .
in contrast ,... |
during disease monitoring , a stem with small , irregular , brown lesions was sampled at a farm in cheonan , chungnam province , in september of 2011 .
the infected twig was rotted , and sunken cankers and reddish - brown needles were seen on the infected twig ( fig .
1 ) . after incubation in a humid condition , w... | acanthopanax divaricatus , a member of the araliaceae family , has been used as an invigorant in traditional korean medicine . during disease monitoring , a stem with small , irregular
, brown lesions was sampled at a farm in cheonan in 2011 .
the symptoms seen were sunken cankers and reddish - brown needles on the... |
an aromatase inhibitor ( ai ) showed efficacy that was superior to that of tamoxifen ( tam ) in large - scale randomized clinical trials in breast cancer patients , and ais are now the most extensively used drugs for postoperative adjuvant therapy for hormone - dependent postmenopausal breast cancer [ 1 , 2 ] .
howev... | background .
joint symptoms ( jss ) are problematic adverse drug reactions ( adrs ) of aromatase inhibitors ( ais ) . involvement of decreased serum estradiol ( se ) has been suggested .
patients and methods .
104 postmenopausal breast cancer patients administered an ai were prospectively investigated regarding v... |
approximately 30% of acute strokes occur in those
older than 80 years of age.6)9)24 ) however , elderly patients
tend to have high rates of poor outcomes and
in - hospital mortality.1)4)8)13)14)16)17)23)25)26)30 ) furthermore , family members of elderly patients are often reluctant to accept aggressive treatment ... | objectivewe evaluated the effect of endovascular treatment ( evt ) for acute ischemic stroke in patients over 80 years of age.materials and methodsthe records of 156 acute stroke patients aged over 80 years who were considered as candidates for evt were analyzed .
fifty - six patients ( 35.9% , evt group ) underwent ... |
for the self - assembling process , a solution containing 10 nm scaffold strand , 50 nm of each staple strand ( reverse - phase cartridge purified , bioneer inc . ) , 5 mm tris + 1 mm edta ( ph 7.9 at 20 c ) , 16 mm mgcl2 was heated to 80 c for 4 min , cooled down to 60c over the course of 80 min , and cooled further d... | tensegrity or tensional integrity is a property of a structure that relies on a balance between components that are either in pure compression or in pure tension for its stability [ 1,2 ] .
tensegrity structures exhibit extremely high strength - to - weight ratios and great resilience , and are therefore widely used ... |
map affects domestic and wild animals and , in cows , causes chronic enteritis , diarrhea , weight loss , and progressive emaciation that can eventually lead to death .
map has also been linked to human crohn 's disease , a systemic disorder that causes mainly a chronic inflammation of the intestine . it is suggested... | the purpose of this study was to determine the viability of mycobacterium avium subsp .
paratuberculosis ( map ) , escherichia coli ( e. coli ) , and salmonella enteritidis ( s. enteritidis ) during preparation and refrigerated storage of yogurt .
three yogurts were prepared using pasteurized commercial milk .
ea... |
hypertension ( htn ) is an important public health problem in both economically developed and developing nations . as per world health organization report ,
studied secular trends in the age - adjusted mean systolic blood pressure ( sbp ) worldwide .
their findings revealed mean age - adjusted sbp declined by appro... | introduction . hypertension is an important public health challenge in both economically developing and developed countries .
it is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular mortality .
data is available on hypertension in urban population but few studies are reported in rural areas .
materials and methods .
i... |
percutaneous interventions have paved the way for new therapeutic areas on heart with a minimally invasive approach competing heart surgery .
consequently , indications of percutaneous interventions have grown over the last decade , particularly for elderly patients , who are frequently challenged for surgical approa... | backgroundthe performance of alcohol septal ablation ( asa ) in elderly symptomatic patients with drug - refractory obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is still to be confirmed .
the objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of asa in patients under and over 65 years old.methods and resultsfi... |
apart from thorough detection and diagnosis of dental caries , compiling a treatment plan is another important task of a dentist .
the initial assessment of hard tooth tissue is normally visual and , depending on indication and availability , x - rays are used for further detection and treatment planning .
the visu... | aim . to use visual inspection ( icdas - ii ) , laser fluorescence ( lf ) , fluorescence based camera ( fc ) and radiographic examination ( bw ) for detection of caries and for treatment decision . methods .
the occlusal sites of 84 extracted permanent teeth were examined using all methods and treatment decisions ( p... |
the preoperative evaluation included assessment of the position of the limb on the side of the fused hip .
the optimal position for hip fusion is 15-30 of hip flexion , 5-10 of adduction , and 0-10 external rotation.7 ) in addition to general and more specific examinations of the spine and lower extremities , the ips... | we report the surgical technique used to perform posterior - stabilized total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) in two patients with a well positioned and functional hip arthrodesis .
intraoperatively , the operating table was placed in an increased trendelenburg position .
episodically , we flexed the foot of the table by... |
we have not yet fully realized how covertly they have entered our environment and what problems they bring .
next to alcohol and tobacco , other drugs are forcefully entering out lives ; they are abused often by teenagers who wish to intensify the current state of joy and happiness .
the drug will , at least for a ... | backgroundthis study is focused on the issue of illegal drug use among female university students preparing to become teachers .
the main aim was to determine the frequency of drug abuse in a group of young women ( n=215 , mean age 20.44 years).material / methodsusing survey methods , we determined that 33.48% of fem... |
nowadays nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) known as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and its prevalence continue to rise .
prevalence of nafld has been reported between 2.8% and 24% in the general population in different countries .
nafld is reported as the most common reason for elevated al... | background : regarding to the growing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) , concentrating on various strategies to its prevention and management seems necessary .
the aim of this study was to determine the effects of symbiotic on c - reactive protein ( crp ) , liver enzymes , and ultrasound findi... |
during obstructive jaundice , the impairment of intestinal mucosal barrier and the translocation of endotoxins and intestinal bacteria can cause intestinal infections and secondary multiple organ injury , which are pivotal for the deterioration of the disease [ 16 ] .
astragalus injection , as an extract from radix a... | objective . to research the protective effects and mechanisms of radix astragali injection on the intestinal mucosa of rats with obstructive jaundice ( oj )
. methods .
the rats were randomly divided into sham - operated , model control and radix astragali treated group .
we observed the pathological changes of i... |
hydatid disease is a parasitic disease caused by the larvae of a tapeworm belonging to the genus echinococcus .
it can affect any part of the human body , the liver and the lung being the most frequently involved organs .
an intra - thoracic but extra - pulmonary location is very rare , representing less than 0.1% ... | hydatid cyst is known to affect all possible anatomical locations of the human body . however , the mediastinal localization is extremely rare .
this benign , commonly asymptomatic and incidentally detected disease , at times may simulate an aggressive malignancy by its potential to cause osseous destruction and intr... |
it reveals and defines both the scientific and artistic dimensions of nursing . in spite of the validity of historical research
in addition , there are no classic references for the novice about how to analyze a huge amount of data .
if this is true , how do novice researchers become familiar with robust techniques... | background : historical research has limitations in applying proper and credit - worthy chronology to clarify the data . in this methodology ,
the application of oral history is one of the ways in which answers to questions addressed by the research theme are elicited .
oral history , as a clear and transparent too... |
the mortality rate is one of the key indicators of an intensive care unit ( icu ) quality .
however , the severity of patients ' illnesses , comorbidities , and demographics all strongly affect the mortality rate ( 1 ) .
thus a comparison of unadjusted mortality rate among icus without consideration of severity or ... | to compare mortality rate , the adjustment of case - mix variables is needed .
the pediatric index of mortality ( pim ) 3 score is a widely used case - mix adjustment system of a pediatric intensive care unit ( icu ) , but there has been no validation study of it in korea .
we aim to validate the pim3 in a korean p... |
the clinical features , laboratory data , and patient outcomes are presented in table 1 . among the 24 patients ,
11 were treated with intermittent hemodialysis ( ihd ) , whereas 13 were treated with a continuous modality ( eight with continuous veno - venous hemodialysis ( cvvhd ) and five with continuous veno - ven... | during an outbreak of methanol poisonings in the czech republic in 2012 , we were able to study methanol and formate elimination half - lives during intermittent hemodialysis ( ihd ) and continuous veno - venous hemodialysis / hemodiafiltration ( cvvhd / hdf ) and the relative impact of dialysate and blood flow rates o... |
the natural history of acute cervical internal carotid artery ( ica ) occlusion with serious neurological symptom is unfavorable1 ) .
treatment for acute occlusion of the cervical ica includes intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator ( tpa ) , percutaneous transluminal angioplasty , carotid endarter... | objectivethe purpose of this study is to demonstrate the technical feasibility and clinical efficacy of emergent carotid angioplasty and stenting ( cas ) for acute stroke due to athero - thrombotic occlusion of the cervical internal carotid artery ( ica).methodsreview of medical records identified 17 patients who under... |
choosing the parameters for the calculation of the fractal dimension of a discretized non - strictly self - symmetrical natural object is the first step in its surface roughness assessment .
there is a strict connection between the density of points of the discretized set , the fractal scales used for the calculation... | quantifying the properties of macromolecules is a prerequisite for understanding their roles in biochemical processes .
one of the less - explored geometric features of macromolecules is molecular surface irregularity , or
roughness , which can be measured in terms of fractal dimension ( d ) . in this study
, we ... |
type 1 renal tubular acidosis ( rta ) , or distal rta ( drta ) , is a disorder of renal tubular acidification , characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with a normal serum anion gap and a persistently high urinary ph .
other than the hereditary and idiopathic varieties , most cases of drta are secondary to... | type 1 renal tubular acidosis ( rta ) , or distal rta ( drta ) , is a disorder of renal tubular acidification , which is generally asymptomatic but may rarely present as hypokalemic paralysis . here , we report the case of a young male who presented with sudden onset weakness of all 4 limbs and a 2-month history of swe... |
t regulatory ( treg ) cells are a t lymphocyte subpopulation that control the balance between immune activation and tolerance .
treg cells can originate from two main sources : thymus - generated natural tregs ( ttreg ) and peripheral inducible tregs ( ptreg ) , generated during immune priming .
several factors are... | t regulatory cells play a key role in the control of the immune response , both in health and during illness .
while the mechanisms through which t regulatory cells exert their function have been extensively described , their molecular effects on effector cells have received little attention .
thus , this revision ... |
the association between physical activity and health is well - established . in line with this , many health institutions developed physical activity guidelines for health .
for example , the world health organization ( who ; world health organization , 2010 ) suggested that adults participate in at least 150 min of ... | physical activity plays an important role in preventing further progression of metabolic syndrome conditions to cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes .
this study investigated physical activity disparities by socioeconomic status among metabolic syndrome patients . the fifth korea national health and nutrition e... |
serum samples were collected in 9 of 17 provinces in laos from healthy ducks and chickens in live - bird markets , village backyard flocks , and layer duck farms .
cloacal , tracheal , and environmental ( fecal and water ) swab specimens were also collected and placed immediately in transport medium ( figure ) .
sw... | avian influenza viruses ( h5n1 ) of clades 2.3.4.1 , 2.3.4.2 , and 2.3.2.1 were introduced into laos in 20092010 . to investigate these viruses , we conducted active surveillance of poultry during march 2010 .
we detected viruses throughout laos , including several interclade reassortants and 2 subgroups of clade 2.3... |
it is characterized by progressive thinning of the scalp hair and a reduction in hair density and diameter .
male aga presents with a typical pattern of bitemporal and frontal recession of the hair line or vertex thinning which gradually extends anteriorly .
the prevalence increases with age , from 30% for men in t... | background : the epidemiological evaluation of androgenetic alopecia ( aga ) is based mainly on direct observation and questionnaires .
the international epidemiology and environmental risk factors of aga in young caucasian men remain unknown.aim:to use photographs and data from the internet to evaluate severe aga an... |
various inflammatory diseases and benign or malignant tumors are known to cause distal common bile duct ( cbd ) strictures ( 1 - 3 ) .
it is important to determine whether a biliary stricture has a benign or malignant cause as each requires a different treatment approach .
furthermore , as a normal distal cbd may s... | the diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy ( ptcs ) was compared to that of three radiologic modalities in distal common bile duct ( cbd ) strictures for the evaluation of clinical application .
ninety - five patients who underwent ptcs for the evaluation of distal cbd strictures ( 35 maligna... |
since the production of restorative materials has rapidly developed , mechanical tests have played an important role in evaluating the bond strength of different materials to dental substrates .
developing new techniques to increase bond strength in resin restoration is necessary to reduce marginal microleakage and d... | objective : the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of er : yag laser on the shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer ( rmgi ) to enamel.materials and methods : twenty extracted caries - free human premolars were selected .
the teeth were embedded in acrylic resin .
the buccal surfaces of ea... |
epithelial ovarian cancer ( eoc ) represents one of the most common gynecologic malignancies worldwide .
it has the highest mortality rate among malignant tumors in female reproductive system [ 1 , 2 ] . because of the lack of specific early symptoms or effective tumor biomarkers , most patients with eoc are diagnose... | aim . to investigate clinical significance of runt - related transcription factor ( runx)-2 in epithelial ovarian cancer ( eoc )
.
methods .
runx2 protein expression and its subcellular localization were detected by immunohistochemistry in 116 patients with eoc .
results .
runx2 protein was predominantly expr... |
data were obtained from the international drug monitoring program of the world health organization ( who ) . the who global individual case safety report ( icsr ) database , vigibase ,
is maintained by the uppsala monitoring centre and contains summaries of suspected spontaneous case reports originally summated by he... | objectivedipeptidyl peptidase-4 ( dpp-4 ) inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic drugs .
they inactivate incretin hormones but also have many other effects throughout the body , among which are effects on the immune system .
this might result in an increased infection risk .
this study assessed the associatio... |
obesity is one of the leading causes of overall morbidity and mortality in western societies and the prevalence of obesity continues to increase worldwide .
it is quickly approaching pandemic proportions , currently afflicting nearly 100 million americans , with deleterious public health consequences .
recent studi... | objective . obesity is linked with a state of increased oxidative stress , which plays an important role in the etiology of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus .
the aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of rapid weight loss on oxidative stress markers in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome ( met... |
the prevalence of spontaneous abortion is about 12 percent which increases in next pregnancy [ 35 ] .
threatened - abortion occurs in 3040 percent of pregnancies and it is identified as vaginal spotting or bleeding under 20 weeks of pregnancy .
the semiallogenic fetus antigens are in direct contact with the mother ... | the immunotolerant human leukocyte antigen - g ( hla - g ) molecules have a major role in fetal - maternal tolerance during pregnancy .
interaction between these molecules and uterine natural killer ( unk ) cells inhibitory receptors prevents nk cell invasion against fetus trophoblast cells . the aim of this study wa... |
it was described for pathophysiological changes in neurological diseases such as alzheimer 's disease and brain trauma .
more recent studies have suggested that this damage also occurs in the development of glaucoma [ 35 ] .
loss of retinal ganglion cells in the retina and their axons that represent the optic ner... | glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy may continue to the linked optic radiation by transneuronal degeneration , as described in animal models of glaucoma
. in vivo visualization of the visual pathway represents a new challenge in the field of ophthalmology .
we present a new approach for illustration of the optic radia... |
innate lymphoid cells ( ilcs ) are a heterogeneous population of immune cells with two defining characteristics : 1 ) they have lymphoid origin , differentiating from the common lymphoid progenitor ( clp ) and dependent on il-2rc signaling .
2 ) they lack antigen - specific receptors and therefore do not require the ... | here , we illustrate the complexity of ilc subsets , we discuss novel functions , focusing on emerging ilcs crosstalk with other immune cells and the microbiota .
furthermore , we highlight recent insights into the development of ilcs , the common pathways they share as well as points of divergence between ilc groups... |
the myriad internal membrane structures that characterize eukaryotic cells were well known to nineteenth century cytologists , notably camillo golgi ( golgi , 1898 ) .
however , with the perfection of techniques to preserve membranes for ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy , george palade foc... | george palade , a founding father of cell biology and of the american society for cell biology ( ascb ) , established the ultrastructural framework for an analysis of how proteins are secreted and membranes are assembled in eukaryotic cells .
his vision inspired a generation of investigators to probe the molecular me... |
the cleaning and disinfection role of the irrigating solutions in the complex protocol of the endodontic therapy is essential for treatment success .
as mccomb and smith10 ( 1975 ) demonstrated the presence of a dentin layer attached to the root canal walls , the irrigating solutions should act on both organic and in... | the purpose of this study was to analyze the inflammatory response of dog 's periapical tissues to 17% trisodium edta salt ( ph 8.0 ) and 1% citric acid ( ph 2.0 ) .
saline was used as a control .
six adult dogs were used as the biological model of the study .
the experimental units comprised 56 roots of mandibul... |
post - transplant lymphoproliferative disorders ( ptld ) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders associated with the immunosuppression in recipients of solid organ or allogeneic stem cell transplantation . the incidence of ptld varies from 1% to 20% according to the organ transplanted ( 1 ) .
the e... | post - transplant lymphoproliferative disorders ( ptld ) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders associated with immunosuppression and epstein - barr virus infection .
ptld is classified into three major categories : early lesions , polymorphic ptld , and monomorphic ptld .
the majority of monomo... |
e - cadherin immunohistochemistry in foci of subpleural lipogranulomatous inflammation shows positive staining only in pneumocytes . | a 9-year - old , female , spayed , domestic longhaired cat presented to the ohio state university veterinary medical center oncology service with a 6-month history of changes in behavior and weight loss . the owner reported that the cat had become abnormally unfriendly and would growl or hiss when touched .
the cat a... |
nasopharengeal carcinoma ( npc ) refers to a group of tumors originating from lymphoid tissues .
the first symptom in half of the patients is cervical lymphadenopathy which represents a metastatic tumor .
although rare in most parts of the world , npc is very common in southern china and southeast asia .
npc is a... | this clinical report presents a 46-year - old man diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with the chief complaint of masticatory and speech deficiency because of radiation therapy . after a period of controlling post radiation caries ,
the patient was rehabilitated with tooth and implant supported metal ceramic rest... |
eukaryotes have been living in intimate contact with prokaryotes throughout the course of evolution . especially in the context of the gut ,
the host has developed highly conserved interrelated systems to protect itself from pathogenic attack whilst allowing beneficial microbes - symbionts - to thrive .
past study ... | commensal gut bacteria are necessary for the complete development of mucosal innate and adaptive immunity and thus may influence intestinal and systemic immune disorders .
recent work has advanced our understanding of this association by identification of a single taxon of the murine microbiota which can stimulate t ... |
serum samples for this retrospective case - control study were collected in the clinical department of neurology innsbruck between 2005 and 2014 and stored at 80c until use .
serum samples from 366 individuals were included : 51 patients with adem , 41 patients with nmosd , 34 patients with clinically isolated syndro... | objectives : to analyze the frequency of nmda receptor ( nmdar ) antibodies in patients with various inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the cns and to determine their clinical correlates.methods:retrospective case - control study from 2005 to 2014 with the detection of serum igg antibodies to nmdar , aquaporin-4 , ... |
at the time of cataract surgery , astigmatism can be corrected combining incisional techniques , such as limbal relaxing incisions ( lris ) with conventional intraocular lenses ( iols ) , or directly implanting a toric iol . both methods present strengths and weaknesses .
lris are a relatively safe and inexpensive pr... | purposeto compare the final changes in corneal wavefront aberration by limbal relaxing incisions ( lris ) after cataract surgery.methodsthis prospective cumulative interventional nonrandomized case study included cataract and astigmatic patients undergoing lris and phaco with intraocular lens implantation .
lris were... |
globally , oral squamous cell carcinoma ( oscc ) is one of the ten most frequently diagnosed cancers .
all the modern treatment modalities have been unable to modify the survival rate of oscc .
the factors that are presently considered to influence prognosis of oral cancers are tumor size , histologic type , and ly... | background : the lysosomal protease cathepsin d ( cd ) has been associated with tumor progression in malignant tumors including oral squamous cell carcinoma ( oscc ) .
the purpose of this study was to find out any association between the cd and lymph node metastasis and to study the correlation of cd with various cli... |
cancer is the leading cause of death in economically developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries .
advancements have been made in traditional treatment modalities that have been used for decades , namely , surgery , radiotherapy , and chemotherapy .
in addition , with the value... | vaccine - induced cytotoxic t lymphocytes ( ctls ) play a critical role in adaptive immunity against cancers .
an important goal of current vaccine research is to induce durable and long - lasting functional ctls that can mediate cytotoxic effects on tumor cells . to attain this goal , there are four distinct steps t... |
hybridization is a controversial topic in coral reef ecology
1 ,
2 . while small numbers of hybrid embryos can be produced in a few species
in vitro
, the evidence for hybrids in the field is often equivocal because the genetic techniques used for corals can not distinguish between hybridization and incomplete ... | hybridization is often cited as a potential source of evolutionary novelty in the order
scleractinia .
while hybrid embryos can be produced
in vitro , it has been difficult to identify adult hybrids in the wild . here , we tested the potential for hybridization between two closely related species in the family fu... |
a 71-year - old man presented at our institution 's emergency department with worsening quadriparesis . prior to this presentation , he had a 2-week history of upper respiratory tract infection as well as neck pain , which were both treated symptomatically .
one week before admission , he began experiencing progressi... | intradural spinal cord abscesses especially in the cervical spine are a rare occurrence .
we report a rare presentation of an intradural extramedullary abscess at the atlantoaxial level , initially misdiagnosed as an epidural collection .
the patient presented with worsening quadriparesis preceded by a 2-week histo... |
panic attacks are defined as sudden and shortlived anxiety spells with various somatic and cognitive symptoms . according to dsm - iv , these discrete periods of intense fear or discomfort
furthermore , at least four of the following thirteen symptoms evolve : palpitations or accelerated heart rate ; sweating , tremb... | experimental neurochemical provocation of panic attacks in susceptible human subjects has considerably expanded our knowledge of the pathophysiology and psychopharmacology of panic disorder .
some panicogens also elicit short - lived panic - like states in healthy man .
this offers the opportunity to assess the ant... |
endosonographic procedures , including endobronchial ultrasound ( ebus)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration ( tbna ) and endoscopic ultrasound ( eus)-guided fine - needle aspiration ( fna ) are routinely used for accessing mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes and masses . in patients with hypoxemia , excessive cough ,... | endobronchial ultrasound ( ebus)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration ( tbna ) is routinely used for accessing mediastinal lymph nodes and masses .
however , in patients with respiratory failure , who are being mechanically ventilated through an endotracheal tube , ebus - tbna may not be feasible due to several re... |
helicobacter pylori ( h. pylori ) causes a long - term infection of the human gastric and duodenal mucosa ( 1 ) .
mucosal colonisation predisposes for peptic ulcer disease , atrophic gastritis and distal ( antral ) stomach cancer ( 2 ) , with various effects on gastric acid secretion . genetic variability of h. pylor... | abstractintroduction and aim : the role of helicobacter pylori in esophageal disease has not been clearly defined . to clarify this issue
, we analyzed 120 patients with histologically confirmed esophageal disease.material and methods : in this prospective study , 120 patients who underwent upper endoscopy examinatio... |
trachoma , caused by ocular infection with chlamydia trachomatis , is the leading contagious cause of blindness globally
. estimations by mariotti et al . in 2008 suggested there were 40.6 million people worldwide suffering from active trachoma , leading to trichiasis in 8.2 million .
trachoma is responsible for vi... | trachoma is caused by chlamydia trachomatis and is a leading cause of blindness worldwide .
mass distribution of azithromycin ( azm ) is part of the strategy for the global elimination of blinding trachoma by 2020 . although resistance to azm in c. trachomatis has not been reported , there have been concerns about re... |
neuroendocrine tumors ( nets ) are considered a class of rare neoplasms accounting < 5% of all tumors .
however , diagnosis of nets has increased substantially over the last decades and prevalence is now greater than that of any other upper gastrointestinal tumor .
these tumors originate from dispersed neuroendocri... | the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of prrt in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors ( nets ) .
patients and methods . from january 2007 to august 2011 , we enrolled 65 patients ( m / f 38/27 ; mean age 65 years , range 3383 ) with advanced nets having enhanced sstr expression , treated with prrt ... |
approximately 10 million americans have osteoporosis and 80% of those are women whereas 20% are men .
peak bone mass ( pbm ) is a major determinant of bone mass later in life and is attained during the first two decades of life [ 3 , 4 ] .
therefore , maximizing the amount of bone gained during childhood and adoles... | the purpose of this study was to determine differences in bone mineral density ( bmd ) among adolescent female tennis players ( tps ) and nontennis players ( ntps ) and to assess body composition as a predictor variable of bmd .
nineteen female tps and 19 female ntps , ages 14 to 18 years , participated in this study... |
well - differentiated thyroid carcinomas , including papillary ( ptc ) and follicular ( ftc ) carcinomas , are characterized by a favorable prognosis , while undifferentiated / anaplastic carcinoma ( atc ) is an uncommon and highly aggressive form , which usually results in the death of the patient [ 24 ] .
the 5-yea... | anaplastic thyroid carcinoma ( atc ) is one of the most aggressive human cancers . actually , atc is refractory to conventional therapies , including surgery , chemotherapy , radiotherapy , and radioiodine ( 131i ) therapy .
accordingly , genetic and molecular characterizations of atc have been frequently and periodi... |
it is characterized by a thickening at the bifurcation of the plantar digital nerve , typically developing in the third intermetatarsal space and , less frequently , in the second intermetatarsal space .
histology usually reveals endoneural and perineural fibrosis at the level of the heads of the metatarsals , and it... | background and objectivemorton neuroma is a common cause of metatarsalgia of neuropathic origin .
systematic reviews suggest that insufficient studies have been performed on the efficacy of the different treatments available .
onabotulinumtoxina has shown a degree of usefulness in other conditions associated with n... |
herpes simplex virus encephalitis ( hse ) is an acute infection accompanied by significant morbidity and mortality with the diagnosis often made by cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) testing .
we report a case of a healthy 35-year - old woman presenting with altered mental status . due to s... | introductionherpes simplex virus encephalitis ( hse ) is an acute infection accompanied by significant morbidity and mortality with the diagnosis often made by cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) testing.case presentationwe report a case of a healthy 35-year - old woman presenting with altered... |
additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article : video s1 .
this video runs at three frames per second : 96 sec . of running video time
distal podomeres detach from tp of tc , and their presence guides the elongation and migration of tp belonging to other tc , as preliminary st... | abstracttelocytes ( tc ) are interstitial cells with telopodes ( tp ) .
these prolongations ( tp ) are quite unique : very long ( several tens of micrometres ) and very thin ( 0.5 m ) , with moniliform aspect : thin segments ( podomeres ) alternating with dilations ( podoms ) . to avoid any confusion , tc were previo... |
posterior instability after total shoulder arthroplasty ( tsa ) is a reported complication and can occur for a variety of reasons .
factors related to the development of this condition include glenoid and humeral retroversion , glenoid component loosening , soft tissue imbalance , and rotator cuff tears . in a cohort... | we report a case of posterior shoulder instability following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty ( tsa ) .
in addition , we present guidelines to aid in the management of posterior instability after tsa .
a 50-year - old male underwent anatomic tsa for glenohumeral osteoarthritis .
postoperatively , the patient ... |
supercapacitors ( strictly ,
electric double - layer capacitors )
store charge at the interface between porous carbon electrodes and
an electrolyte solution ( figure 1 ) .
in contrast to batteries , charge storage in supercapacitors
is non - faradaic and occurs by the physical adsorption and desorption
of i... | supercapacitors
( or electric double - layer capacitors ) are high - power
energy storage devices that store charge at the interface between
porous carbon electrodes and an electrolyte solution . these devices
are already employed in heavy electric vehicles and electronic devices ,
and can complement batterie... |
it is a well - entrenched dogma that microtubule- and f - actin based intracellular organelle transport is down - regulated during mitosis in order to ensure the accuracy of stochastic partitioning of the diverse organelles into daughter cells ( warren and wickner , 1996 ) .
unlike the golgi apparatus , which underg... | it is widely believed that microtubule- and f - actin based transport of cytoplasmic organelles and membrane fusion is down - regulated during mitosis . here
we show that during the transition of xenopus egg extracts from interphase to metaphase myosin v driven movement of small globular vesicles along f - actin is... |
tennis elbow or lateral epicondylitis is the commonest cause of chronic pain on the lateral side of the elbow and wrist extensor dysfunction .
the chief complaints in lateral epicondylitis are decreased grip strength , decreased functional activities and increased pain , which may impart significant disability in act... | objective : the objective of this prospective study was assessment of efficacy of bone marrow aspirate ( bma ) ( containing plasma rich in growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells ) injection in treatment of tennis elbow.materials and methods : a total of 30 adult patients of previously untreated tennis elbow were adm... |
cat - scratch disease ( csd ) is a zoonotic infection caused by the bacillus bartonella henselae , which can be transmitted to humans after contact with infected cats .
typical presentation is characterized by a primary lesion ( papule ) at the site of inoculation ( cat scratch or bite ) followed by the developm... | cat - scratch disease - related neuroretinitis is a relatively unusual pathology , with suspicious clinical epidemiological and serological diagnosis .
we present a case of an adolescent suffering from unilateral neuroretinitis associated with bartonella henselae infection characterized by abrupt loss of vision , opt... |
the cerebral cortex ( which includes the hippocampus , the entorhinal cortex , the piriform cortex , and the neocortex ) is the origin of the most sophisticated cognitive functions and complex behaviors . indeed ,
the constant computation of incoming sensory information is dynamically integrated to provide a coherent... | cortical structures of the adult mammalian brain are characterized by a spectacular diversity of inhibitory interneurons , which use gaba as neurotransmitter .
gabaergic neurotransmission is fundamental for integrating and filtering incoming information and dictating postsynaptic neuronal spike timing , therefore pro... |
this study is designed to show an evaluation of prospectively collected data of all consecutive adult patients admitted to our department of thoracic surgery after chest injures and opiate analgesia treatment between 1st october 2013 and 31 st march 2014 to analyze development of early inflammatory response .
inadequ... | background : the frequency of severe chest injuries are increased .
their high morbidity is followed by systemic inflammatory response .
the efficacy of pharmacological blockade of the response could prevent complications after chest injures.aim:the aim of the study was to show an inflammatory response level , its ... |
natural and unexpected death that happens within less than one hour of first symptom occurrence is called sudden death ( 1 - 4 ) .
sudden death is more common among men and the black race ( 5 , 6 ) . in a systematic review based on data related to 1980 - 2007 , annual incidence of sudden cardiac death ( scd ) in the ... | introduction : natural and unexpected death that happens within less than one hour of first symptom occurrence is called sudden death .
cardiovascular diseases are the main known reason of sudden death and more than 75% of sudden deaths in athletes are assigned to it .
here we reported the autopsy results of all ca... |
to measure the soft and hard - tissue thickness of the areas mostly interested by miniscrews insertion , such as buccopalatal interdental bone and maxillary mid - palatal suture , 12 cadavers were selected with all maxillary premolars and molars still intact . to measure the incisal areas , 12 cadavers with intact maxi... | introduction : anchorage control is a critical consideration when planning treatment for patients with dental and skeletal malocclusions . to obtain sufficient stability of implants , the thickness of the soft tissue and the cortical - bone in the placement site must be considered ; so as to provide an anatomical map i... |
it is estimated that up to 50% of depressed patients either do not respond or only partially respond to an adequate course of antidepressant treatment .
although the first generation antipsychotics ( fga ) have been in use for treating major depression for a long time , their extrapyramidal side effects ( eps ) have ... | background : optimizing treatment outcomes for depression requires understanding of how evidence - based treatments are utilized in clinical practice .
antipsychotic medications concurrent with antidepressant treatment are frequently used in major depression , but few studies have investigated trends and patterns of ... |
rictor mice ( 10 ) were crossed with ap2-cre transgenic mice [ strain , b6-cg - tg(fabp4-cre)1rev / j ; the jackson laboratory , bar harbor , me ] to obtain heterozygous ap2-cre;rictor offspring ( where wt refers to wild type ) in the f1 generation .
these heterozygous mice were crossed with rictor mice to obtain the... | objectiverictor is an essential component of mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) complex ( mtorc ) 2 , a kinase that phosphorylates and activates akt , an insulin signaling intermediary that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue , skeletal muscle , and liver .
to determine the physiological role... |
a 44-year - old woman presented to the emergency room with shortness of breath and thoracic pain radiating to the left arm and shoulder .
her vital signs showed a blood pressure of 158/102 mmhg , a pulse rate of 135 beats / min , a normal temperature and oxygen saturation of 100% on room air and no signs of heart fa... | we report on a 44-year - old woman presenting with chest pain and dyspnoea without previous stress - related events . by means of echocardiography
severe left ventricular dysfunction and wall motion abnormalities resembling stress - induced cardiomyopathy ( tako tsubo ) were seen .
laboratory investigation revealed... |
healthcare - associated infections ( hais ) are those infections in patients receiving medical treatment in a healthcare facility .
hais include hospital - acquired infections and some patients receiving healthcare treatment on an outpatient basis .
these 2 types of infections have different microbiological pattern... | purposehealthcare - associated infections ( hais ) in urological patients have special features due to specific risk factors .
our objective was to evaluate the characteristics and risk factors for hais in patients hospitalized in a urology ward.materials and methodswe evaluated prospectively , from 2012 to 2015 , th... |
our understanding of the interleukin-1 family ( il-1f ) has recently expanded to encompass 11 members : il-1f1-il-1f11 .
these cytokines are also termed il-1 , il-1 , il-1 receptor antagonist ( il-1ra ) , il-18 , il-36ra , il-36 , il-37 , il-36 , il-36 , il-38 , and il-33 , respectively ( table 1 ) .
these protei... | interleukin- ( il- ) 38 is a recently discovered cytokine and is the tenth member of the il-1 cytokine family .
il-38 shares structural features with il-1 receptor antagonist ( il-1ra ) and il-36ra .
il-36r is the specific receptor of il-38 , a partial receptor antagonist of il-36 .
il-38 inhibits the production ... |
brain - derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) is a neurotrophic factor that appears throughout
the mammalian central nervous system1 .
it is frequently found in the hippocampus of the brain ( hippocampal formation ) , as well as
in the cerebral cortex and amygdalus .
bdnf is reported to affect learning ability a... | [ purpose ] this study was conducted on adolescent subjects whose brains are still
developing with the purpose of identifying the effect of 8 weeks duration of aerobic
exercises on the expression of bdnf , igf-1 and cortisol , to identify effect of aerobic
exercise on the expression of cortisol , bdnf and igf-1 r... |
000150 , vidhyasom , thailand ) , doxycycline hyclate ( batch no . 20071121 , huashu pharmaceutical corporation . ,
n - methyl-2-pyrrolidone ( nmp ) ( fluka , new jersey , usa ) was used as received .
sabouraud dextrose agar ( sda ) , sabouraud dextrose broth ( sdb ) , tryptic soy agar ( tsa ) , and tryptic soy bro... | to characterize the thermal behavior and texture analysis of doxycycline hyclate thermosensitive gels developed for periodontitis treatment containing zinc oxide prepared by using poloxamer ( lutrol f127 ) as polymeric material and n - methyl pyrrolidone was used as cosolvent .
the thermosensitive gel comprising doxy... |
hiv - infected individuals are at increased risk of developing a wide variety of ophthalmologic opportunistic infections with advanced degrees of immunosuppression .
retinitis or acute retinal necrosis ( arn ) is commonly caused by various viruses , such as cmv , hsv and vzv , in patients with aids , , , .
other no... | the ocular manifestations of syphilis are varied .
ocular syphilis can occur during any stage of infection and involve virtually any part of the eye . in immunocompetent individuals ,
the most common etiologies include syphilitic uveitis .
although the clinical presentation of ocular syphilis in hiv - infected pa... |
arsenic is a naturally occurring element that exists ubiquitously in the environment in both organic and inorganic forms combined with other elements such as oxygen , chlorine , and sulfur , as well as carbon and hydrogen ( cullen and reimer , 1989 ; who , 2000 ; iarc , 2004 ) . it is classified chemically as a metallo... | arsenic is a toxic metalloid that exists ubiquitously in the environment , and affects global health problems due to its carcinogenicity . in most populations ,
the main source of arsenic exposure is the drinking water . in drinking water ,
chronic exposure to arsenic is associated with increased risks of various c... |
it affects nearly 100 million people in tropical and subtropical areas of europe , africa , latin america , and asia .
most cases are chronic and asymptomatic , but severe infections such as hyperinfection syndrome ( his ) and disseminated strongyloidiasis ( ds ) occur when cellular immunity is compromised . in his (... | meningitis caused by enteric flora is a known complication of strongyloidiasis , and human t - lymphotropic virus-1 ( htlv-1 ) predisposes individuals to severe strongyloidiasis .
we reviewed the clinical features of bacterial meningitis associated with strongyloidiasis seen at a single center in subtropical japan , ... |
the plasma samples included in this study were collected from patients suspected of having lung cancer due to clinical symptoms .
patients were examined from may 2011 until january 2014 at the department of pulmonary medicine , aarhus university hospital , denmark .
one hundred and nine patients with nsclc adenocar... | backgroundlung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer - related death . at the time of diagnosis ,
more than half of the patients will have disseminated disease and , yet , diagnosing can be challenging .
new methods are desired to improve the diagnostic work - up .
exosomes are cell - derived vesicles dis... |
spinal cord injury ( sci ) is an insult to the spinal cord that results in lost or impaired function causing reduced mobility or feeling below the level of injury .
common causes of sci are trauma , disease , and degeneration . up to 90% of cases are because of trauma . the reported annual incidence of sci ranges bet... | abstractlittle information is available regarding the risk of nongenitourinary ( gu ) cancers in patients with spinal cord injury ( sci ) .
the authors conducted a nationwide population - based study to investigate whether a higher risk of non - gu cancer is seen among patients with sci.data retrieved from the nation... |
diabetic nephropathy ( dn ) is a major cause of end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) and high mortality in diabetic patients .
for example , high blood pressure , high glomerular filtration rate , glycemic control , and race were reported to be associated with dn development .
genetic susceptibility may also be an im... | backgroundstudies have assessed the association between interleukin-10 ( il-10 ) -1082a / g polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy ( dn ) risk , but the results were inconclusive and contradictory .
therefore , we performed a meta - analysis to investigate the association between il10 - 1082a / g polymorphism and dn r... |
accidents with a pneumatic nail gun , which has been used in the construction industry , have increased.2 ) however , reports on management of a patient with a nail gun injury to the cranium are rare
. the authors report on a case of a patient treated with simple retraction after small skin and prophylactic antibioti... | a 56-year - old man had five nail gun - shots on his skull due to attempted suicide and was transferred to the emergency room . because the nail head played a role as a brake , the launched nail made a hole in the skull but did not entirely pass through it .
if major artery or sinuses are not involved , cautious retr... |
apvd implies partial or total failure of the pulmonary veins to reach the left atrium . instead
, pulmonary venous drainage is anomalously connected to systemic vein / s , typically to the superior or inferior vena cava ( svc or ivc ) or directly to the right atrium ( ra ) .
apvd accounts for up to 2% of all congen... | scimitar syndrome is a form of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage that is dramatically visible on plain chest radiography ( cxr ) . in these individuals
the entire venous drainage from the right lung enters a single anomalous large vein that descends to the inferior vena cava .
this descending vein is visi... |
eukaryotic topoisomerase i is a monomeric enzyme that catalyzes the relaxation of supercoiled dna during important processes including dna replication , transcription , recombination and chromosome condensation ( 13 ) .
human topoisomerase i ( htop1 ) is composed of 765 amino acids , and proteolytic experiments have ... | the open state of human topoisomerase i has been probed by molecular dynamics simulation , starting from the coordinates of the closed structure of the protein complexed with dna , after elimination of the 22-bp dna duplex oligonucleotide .
a repulsion force between the two lips of the protein has been introduced for... |
a drug delivery system ( dds ) is defined as a formulation or a device that enables the introduction of a therapeutic substance in the body and improves its efficacy and safety by controlling the rate , time , and place of release of drugs in the body .
the process includes the administration of the therapeutic produ... | in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus a continuous therapy is required which is a more complex one . as in these patients there may be a defect in both insulin secretion and insulin action exists . hence , the treatment depends on the pathophysiology and the disease state . in the present study , multilayered ta... |
for our analysis of rab gtpases , we exclusively used a gal4 targeting cassette ( figs . 1 , 2a ) .
here we provide four additional cassettes : ( 1 ) a simple 3xp3 rfp/ kan cassette for making molecularly defined deletions and ( 2 ) hemagglutinin ( ha ) , ( 3 ) flag and ( 4 ) green fluorescent protein ( gfp ) casset... | evaluating how an individual gene contributes to a particular biological process benefits greatly from a comprehensive understanding of all members of its gene family .
such knowledge is ideally obtained using multicellular model organisms , which provide rapid and decisive platforms for determining gene function .
... |
microbiological diagnosis is the main stay for the effective treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis ( pt ) . for obtaining the correct sputum sample ,
patient education is imperative . however , even if the correct sample is expectorated , the bacillary population has to be at least 10000 per milliliter , to get the sme... | introduction : the tuberculosis control program is based on a felt need
oriented basis .
the diagnosis is mainly microbiological .
however , sputum smear - negative acid fast bacilli ( afb ) cases with suspected radiological findings can be problematic in diagnosis.objectives:to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculo... |
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