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blow - out fracture of the inferior orbital wall is defined as fracture of an outer wall that supports the lower part of an orbit by the impact of blunt trauma , producing increased internal pressure . the importance of the diagnosis to treatment of the blow - out fracture is rising because of industrialization , inc...	purpose : this study assessed the association between eye symptoms ( enophthalmos or diplopia ) and site of damage , volume , deviated inferior rectus muscle ( irm ) and type of fracture with computed tomography ( ct ) . the intent is to anticipate the prognosis of orbital trauma at initial diagnosis.methods:forty-five...
microbial ecologists have devoted considerable effort to understanding the nature of the viruses in seawater , because viruses have key roles in the evolution , ecology and mortality of marine plankton ( rohwer and vega thurber , 2007 ; suttle , 2007 ) . for at least the past two decades , researchers have assumed that...	viruses are abundant in the ocean and a major driving force in plankton ecology and evolution . it has been assumed that most of the viruses in seawater contain dna and infect bacteria , but rna - containing viruses in the ocean , which almost exclusively infect eukaryotes , have never been quantified . we compared t...
the national health insurance system in taiwan is compulsory and covers all citizens except prisoners . the taiwan national health insurance research database ( nhird ) was released for research purposes by the national health research institute ( 19 ) and is one of the largest and most comprehensive databases in the...	objectivediabetes may increase the risk of acute pancreatitis ( ap ) . we aimed to further investigate whether diabetes may also adversely affect outcomes of patients with ap.research design and methodsin this retrospective cohort study , we compared 18,990 first - attack ap with diabetes to 37,980 matched control su...
iran is located in western asia , with over 77 million inhabitants and also more than two - thirds of the population is under the age of 30 with one - quarter being 15 years of age or younger . iran also exhibits one of the steepest urban growth rates in the world and approximately over 70 percent of iran 's populati...	this study is a sociological analysis of the three dimensions of social structure including institutional , relational , and embodied structures that have an impact on the individuals ' deviant behaviors in the society . the authors used a mix method to analyze the qualitative and quantitative data of 402 high risk a...
a 2-year - old child was admitted to the department of pediatrics at the jawaharlal institute of postgraduate medical education and research ( jipmer ) , puducherry , india , with a provisional diagnosis of cholera . before the child received antimicrobial therapy , a fecal specimen meanwhile , a strain of v. cholera...	vibrio cholerae resistance to third - generation cephalosporins is rarely reported . we detected a strain that was negative for extended - spectrum -lactamase and positive for the ampc disk test , modified hodge test , and edta disk synergy test and harbored the bladha-1 and blandm-1 genes . the antimicrobial drug ...
prostate cancer ( pca ) is the fastest growing cancer in korea . according to the statistical data of the national cancer information center , the incidence of pca , 8.5 per 100,000 population in 1999 , the annual growth rate , 13.5% , is the fastest of all cancers in korea . radical prostatectomy ( rp ) is the sta...	purposewe compared the impact of prostate volume on oncological and functional outcomes 2 years after robot - assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy ( ralp ) and open radical retropubic prostatectomy ( orp).materials and methodsbetween 2003 and 2010 , 253 consecutive patients who had undergone prostatectomy by a single su...
	the ability of core shell nanowires to overcome existing limitations of heterostructures is one of the key ingredients for the design of next generation devices . this requires a detailed understanding of the mechanism for strain relaxation in these systems in order to eliminate strain - induced defect for...
the -subdivision of proteobacteria includes gram - negative bacteria with diverse and contrasting lifestyles , ranging from free - living , symbiotic to pathogenic bacteria . despite this apparent heterogeneity , -proteobacteria share some unexpected common features such as an asymmetric cell division followed by a d...	abstractprior to initiate energy - consuming processes , such as dna replication or cell division , cells need to evaluate their metabolic status . we have recently identified and characterized a new connection between metabolism and cell division in the -proteobacterium caulobacter crescentus . we showed that an n...
solanaceae , the nightshade family , as a group represents the third most valuable crop family in the us , exceeded only by the grasses and legumes , and the most valuable family in terms of vegetable crops providing important dietary contributions to human health and nutrition . tomato ( solanum lycopersicum until ...	the tomato expression database ( ted ) includes three integrated components . the tomato microarray data warehouse serves as a central repository for raw gene expression data derived from the public tomato cdna microarray . in addition to expression data , ted stores experimental design and array information in com...
there is mounting evidence indicating that the static neck posture frequently assumed by computer workers using a computer is a risk factor for work - related neck and upper - limb disorders1 , 2 . during computer work , use of the cervical erector spinae ( ces ) muscles is important for efficient muscle activa...	[ purpose ] this study compared the cervical range of motion and cervical frr between computer users in their early and late 20s in korea . [ subjects ] eleven male and 7 female computer users in their early 20s and 10 male and 6 female computer users in their late 20s participated in this study . [ methods ]...
( 2009 ) address the production of il-9 by helper t cells , a finding that is of interest because of recent studies that found tgf- could induce the differentiation of th9 cells with a unique pattern of cytokine expression and a transcription factor profile that could not be pigeonholed into the framework of the th1 ...	the division of labor among two types of t helper ( th ) subsets , first described over 20 yr ago , has been buffeted by the discovery of new subsets and new cytokines that can be coaxed out of t cells with increasing disregard for the subset of origin . although th17 cells and regulatory t ( t reg ) cells are widely...
many us americans consume diets that are overly high in energy and in constituents associated with disease risk , particularly saturated fat ( sfa ) , cholesterol and sodium and low in protective components such as fiber or -carotene . poorly balanced diets contribute to overweight , cardiovascular disease , type 2 d...	background / objectives : to assess the effects on macro- and micronutrient intake of a nutrition intervention program in corporate settings across the united states.subjects/methods:two hundred and ninety - two individuals who were overweight or had type 2 diabetes were recruited from 10 sites of a us insurance compan...
methacrylate - based resin cements are popular for attaching indirect restoratives , appliances , and fiber posts to the prepared teeth due to their less technique sensitivity , good esthetics , high bond strength , and a potential for fluoride release.1 - 4 as luting agents for indirect restorations , resin cements ar...	purposethis study was to evaluate the effect of the solution temperature on the mechanical properties of dualcure resin cements.materials and methodsfor the study , five dual - cure resin cements were chosen and light cured . to evaluate the effect of temperature on the specimens , the light - cured specimens were im...
obesity is an increasingly prevalent problem in the united states . seventeen percent of children and 32% of adults in the us meet the clinical definition of obesity . in adult men and in adolescents of both sexes , these numbers have been climbing over the past 6 years , and in women the rate of obesity seems to be...	introductiontwo recent studies have shown that modern bariatric surgery leads to significant hyperoxaluria and risk of nephrolithiasis . however , neither report evaluates the use or effects of stone risk modifying agents in these patients . we sought to determine the impact of medical management on stone risk prof...
pyogenic liver abscess ( pla ) is a crucial clinical disease that can be fatal without prompt recognition and treatment . an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that pla in western and asian countries differs in many aspects , including demographic characteristics , etiological factors , and clinical manif...	abstractwhether patients with diverticular diseases exhibit a higher risk of developing pyogenic liver abscess ( pla ) remains inconclusive.from the inpatient claims in taiwan 's national health insurance research database , we identified 54,147 patients diagnosed with diverticulosis in the 1998 to 2010 period and 216,...
osteoarthritis ( oa ) of the knee is a common problem causing knee pain and physical disabilities in the elderly1 . the prevalence of knee oa is known to increase with age not only in japan but also in various countries , meaning it is an important social issue around the world2 , 3 . recently , research on...	[ purpose ] in this study , we investigated the efficacy of supervised physical exercise or conventional treatment on symptomatic knee osteoarthritis with severe morphological degeneration . [ subjects ] sixty - six patients with severe radiographic knee osteoarthritis were enrolled . [ methods ] participants...
species of microsporidia are obligate intracellular protozoans that have been recognized among broad spectrum of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts ( 1 , 2 ) . almost 1200 species of microsporidia belong to more than 140 genera were described , so far ( 1 , 3 , 4 ) . since the first human microsporidiosis was identified...	backgroundspecies of microsporidia have been known as opportunistic obligate intracellular parasites particularly in immunocompromised patients . enterocytozoon bieneusi is one of most prevalent intestinal microsporida parasites in hiv+/aids patients . in this study , intestinal microsporidia infection was determin...
globally , solid waste management is one of the greatest environmental health challenges and continues to overwhelm local authorities and national governments as urban populations continue to rise and consumption patterns change [ 13 ] . cities generate about 1.3 billion tonnes of solid waste per year , a volume expe...	poor solid waste management is among the major challenges facing urban slums in developing countries including uganda . understanding community concerns and willingness towards involvement in solid waste management improvement initiatives is critical for informing interventions in slums . methods . we used a cros...
slow waves and sleep spindles are the essential elements in the definition of sleep stages . they recently received additional attention because of their hypothesized involvement in processes related to neuronal plasticity , learning , and memory [ 24 ] . furthermore , slow oscillations ( < 1 hz ) are considered as...	the sleep electroencephalogram ( eeg ) is characterized by typical oscillatory patterns such as sleep spindles and slow waves . recently , we proposed a method to detect and analyze these patterns using linear autoregressive models for short ( 1 s ) data segments . we analyzed the temporal organization of sleep ...
despite the declining incidence of gastric cancer in western countries , gastric cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide , and is one of the main causes of cancer deaths . in patients with advanced gastric cancer with distant metastasis or recurrence , systemic chemotherapy has been recommended as st...	purposewe retrospectively determined the efficacy and safety of the combination of oxaliplatin , 5-fluorouracil ( 5-fu ) , and folinic acid ( fa ) as first - line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer.materials and methodsbetween january 2006 and august 2009 , 39 patients with histologic...
fabry disease ( fd ) is a rare x - linked disorder resulting from a deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme -glycosidase a ( -gal a ) that leads to progressive accumulation of glycosphingolipids in several tissues and organs . in the classical form of the disease , renal involvement commonly ensues in the second t...	fabry disease ( fd ) is a rare x - linked disorder characterized by low or absent activity of the lysosomal enzyme -glycosidase - a that leads to progressive accumulation of glycosphingolipids in different organs and tissues . clinical manifestations vary from classic to atypical forms characterized by one prevalent ...
embryonic pancreata were harvested from time - mated cd1 strain mouse intercrosses of ngn3 females and males and stored individually in rnalater ( ambion ) at 4c until genotyping by pcr ( 30 cycles ; ngn3 forward , 5-cctcttctggctttcactac-3 and reverse , 5-ggagcgagagtttgatgtgg-3 ; neomycin forward , 5-gtcttgtcgatcaggatg...	objective to document the transcriptome of the pancreatic islet during the early and late development of the mouse pancreas and highlight the qualitative and quantitative features of gene expression that contribute to the specification , growth , and differentiation of the major endocrine cell types . a further object...
cow s milk allergy is the most common food allergy in children . symptoms usually involve the skin and the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts . gastrointestinal tract manifestations of cow s milk allergy are nonspecific , and are the only type that can be diagnosed in all age groups . here , we report a rare c...	introductioncow s milk allergy is the most common food allergy in children . symptoms usually involve the skin and the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts . gastrointestinal tract manifestations of cow s milk allergy are nonspecific , and are the only type that can be diagnosed in all age groups . here , we rep...
unsaturated amine borane complexes have been known for many years to be isolable molecules that easily survive exposure to the air at room temperature.(1 ) this stability can be attributed to the strength of the bond between nitrogen and boron in the lewis acidlewis base complex and is consistent with prior reports tha...	iodine activation induces intramolecular hydroboration of homoallylic and bis - homoallylic amine boranes with good to excellent control of regiochemistry compared to control experiments using excess thfbh3 . deuterium labeling and other evidence confirm that the iodine - induced hydroboration reaction of homoallylic...
boletus griseipurpureus ( boletaceae ) is a wild edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom , rich in protein and low in fat ( 1 ) . an analysis of the internal transcribed spacer ( its ) region for b. griseipurpureus from the south of thailand revealed a monophylogenetic clade ( 1 ) . however , only its sequences can not ind...	background : boletus griseipurpureus corner , an edible mushroom , is a putative ectomycorrhizal fungus . currently , the taxonomic boundary of this mushroom is unclear and its bitter taste makes it interesting for evaluating its antibacterial properties.objectives:the purpose of this study was to identify the genetic ...
implantable cardioverter defibrillator ( icd ) implantation is performed at many centers in korea,1)2 ) however , icd lead extraction has not yet been reported . we report our experience of icd lead extraction using locking stylet and polypropylene dilator sheath in a patient with recurrent inappropriate shocks due t...	a 46-year - old man presented to our institution with inappropriate implantable cardioverter - defibrillator ( icd ) shock delivery . the icd ( single chamber , dual shock coils ) was implanted for sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia with unstable hemodynamics and underlying systolic left ventricular dysfun...
project budburst ( budburst.org ) is a citizen - science program in which ordinary people including kids ten years old and up observe and upload information about bloom times and other life stages of plants ( called phenophases ) to a national database online . this site has been actively storing phenological infor...	project budburst is a national citizen - science project that tracks bloom times and other phenological data for plants across the country . data from project budburst are being used to measure the effects of climate change . students can participate in this project by watching any of the plants on the list , inclu...
a broad and heterogeneous group of syndromes may result from this process , since any type , size , and location of blood vessel may be involved . vasculitis and its consequences may be the primary or sole manifestation of a disease ; alternatively , vasculitis may be a secondary component of another primary disease ...	secondary systemic vasculitis and nonbacterial endocarditis are rare events . we report a case presented with different manifestations of underlying malignancy such as systemic vasculitis , non bacterial endocarditis and dic ( disseminated intravascular coagulopathy ) . efforts to find the source of malignancy was ...
nebivolol is a third - generation 1 - selectiveblocker that is indicated for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure . it has vasodilatory properties mediated by direct stimulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( enos ) . nebivolol is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers in a 1:1 ratio , namely a...	nebivolol is a third - generation beta blocker that exerts selective antagonistic activity on 1 receptors . it has vasodilating properties that result from direct stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase . nebivolol is indicated for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure , and is generally well tol...
clinically , calcineurin inhibitors ( e.g. , cyclosporine a , csa ) have been used to reduce proteinuria in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ( fsgs ) , minimal change disease ( mcd ) , and other proteinuric kidney diseases . t - cell dysfunction is associated with some forms of proteinuria , including a subset of m...	the antiproteinuric effect of cyclosporine a(csa ) has been believed to result from its immunosuppressive effect on the transcription factor nfat in t cells . however , current evidences supporting this hypothesis are missing . a recent study showed that csa has a direct antiproteinuric effect on podocytes , sugges...
reactions in leprosy are acute inflammatory episodes occurring in an otherwise chronic course of the infection . histopathology of type 1 lepra reaction shows edema within granuloma separating inflammatory cells with density of lymphocytes in the dermis . to distinguish between upgrading and downgrading reaction hist...	background : lepra reactions are not always diagnosable under the microscope . we analyzed skin histopathology in 64 cases of lepra reaction.aim:to make detailed observations on histopathologic features of type 1 and type 2 lepra reaction ( erythema nodosum leprosum , enl).materials and methods : in this retrospectiv...
in addition to the progresses made in the areas of surgical techniques and surgical tools , efforts are being made to take surgical measures for the patient in such a manner so that they are economical and with less side effects and least hospitalization period in addition to maximum benefits for the patient regarding ...	background : surgical technique using small - diameter instruments and single - incision laparoscopy are two new options for less invasive laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( lc ) . in this study , we have compared mini - lc ( mlc ) with single - incision lc ( silc).materials and methods : this study is a randomized clinica...
the patient is a 58 years old iraqi male that referred to our center three months after an unsuccessful operation for removing a subhepatic mass , probably adrenal mass . he experienced general weakness , fatigue , and weight loss in the last several months . a scar of previous surgery in the right subcostal area (...	there are a variety of causes of adrenal pseudotumors on computerized tomography ( ct ) scan , including upper - pole renal mass , gastric diverticulum , prominent splenic lobulation , pancreatic mass , hepatic mass , and periadrenal varices . we present a case of a large subhepatic mass that discrimination of its ...
avian influenza is a highly contagious viral disease of major concern to both the poultry industry and human health ; the currently ongoing outbreaks of h5n1 since 1997 have been unprecedented with over 500 million birds destroyed and over 303 humans dead . this development has ignited a global fear of imminent influ...	avian influenza ( ai ) is a highly contagious and rapidly evolving pathogen of major concern to the poultry industry and human health . rapid and accurate detection of avian influenza virus is a necessary tool for control of outbreaks and surveillance . the ai virus a / chicken / malaysia/5858/2004 ( h5n1 ) was use...
invasive cervical cancer ( icc ) is the leading cause of cancer - related deaths among women in developing countries . it is the second most common cancer among women worldwide with an estimate of over 500,000 new cases and about 275,000 deaths in 2008 . about 86% of these cases occur in developing countries repres...	background . cervical cancer prevention in developing countries is suboptimal compared with the developed world where there are fewer deaths and improved survival rates . this study describes the perception and preventive practices on cervical cancer by residents of an urban neighborhood of lagos , nigeria . meth...
there currently is considerable interest in developing therapeutic strategies to enhance plasticity of the adult central nervous system ( cns ) . physical exercise , diet , and various forms of environmental / cognitive enrichment have all been proposed to facilitate plasticity [ 14 ] . for example , the maturation...	several recent studies have provided evidence that chronic treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( ssri ) fluoxetine can facilitate synaptic plasticity ( e.g. , ocular dominance shifts ) in the adult central nervous system . here , we assessed whether fluoxetine enhances long - term potentiation ( l...
glycogen storage diseases ( gsd ) are a group of disorders caused by alteration of the enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism , producing an accumulation of glycogen in several tissues . the most frequent type of glycogen storage disease is gsd ix , which incidence is 1:100,000 births and is responsible for 25% of a...	glucogenosis type ix is caused by pathogenic variants of the phka2 gene . herein , we report a patient with clinical symptoms compatible with glycogen storage disease type ixa . pygl , phka1 , phka2 , phkb and phkg2 genes were analyzed by next generation sequencing ( ngs ) . we identified the previously undescribed...
thus , vision loss is a major medical , economic , safety , and social issue affecting millions of persons worldwide . neurodegenerative diseases of the retina involve progressive and irreversible loss of retinal neurons , their connections and supporting glia , thereby leading to impaired visual function . major n...	neurodegenerative eye diseases , such as glaucoma , cause irreversible vision loss in millions of patients worldwide , creating serious medical , economic and social issues . like other mammalian central nervous system tracts , optic nerve intrinsically lacks the capacity for axonal growth and its surrounding environ...
panthothenate kinase - associated neurodegeneration ( pkan ) , formerly termed as hallervorden - spatz disease is a rare chromosomal disorder first described by hallervorden and spatz in 1922 . the characteristic features in patients with pkan include dystonia , muscle spasm , cognitive dysfunction , and seizure diso...	panthothenate kinase - associated neurodegeneration ( pkan ) ( hallervorden - spatz disease ) is a rare autosomal recessive chromosomal disorder characterised by progressive neuroaxonal dystrophy . the characteristic features include involuntary movements , rigidity , mental retardation , seizures , emaciation . th...
a 42-year - old female patient was admitted to the department of dentomaxillofacial radiology , faculty of dentistry , ankara university with a complaint of bleeding on the gums . the patient 's medical history included having undergone treatment for pernicious anemia and a gastric ulcer two years earlier . on intr...	florid osseous dysplasia ( fod ) is an uncommon , benign , cemento - osseous lesion of the jaws . the etiology of fod is still unknown . it is often asymptomatic and may be identified on routine dental radiographs . the classic radiographic appearance of fod is amorphous , lobulated , mixed radiolucent / radiopaq...
patients with collagen vascular disease ( cvd ) such as rheumatoid arthritis , systemic lupus erythematosus , scleroderma , polymyositis , and dermatomyositis , are known to be sensitive to ionizing radiation 19 . irradiation to the lung in patients with interstitial pneumonia ( ip ) is also considered a relative con...	key clinical messageinterstitial pneumonia ( ip ) sometimes precedes collagen vascular disease ( cvd ) onset . a patient with bladder cancer and mild ip received pelvic irradiation and experienced unexpectedly severe urinary toxicity followed by polymyositis onset and fatal ip exacerbation . careful observation for...
infection with the hepatitis b and c viruses ( hbv and hcv ) causes significant morbidity and mortality . even though hbv infection can be prevented through vaccination , the world health organization ( who ) has estimated that globally around 240 million people are chronically infected [ 1 , 2 ] with between 500...	summaryknowledge of hepatitis b and c prevalence , and numbers infected , are important for planning responses . published hbsag and anti - hcv prevalences for the 20 who european region countries outside the eu / efta were extracted , to complement published data for the eu / efta . the general population prev...
in february 1997 , rotavirus infection was diagnosed ( by page analysis ) in a 2-year - old child hospitalized with severe acute diarrhea at the g. di cristina the virus , pa260/97 , exhibited a long e - type and was recognized by an sg - specific monoclonal antibody ( mab ) and by a vp7-specific mab as sgi and g3 (...	infection by an animal - like strain of rotavirus ( pa260/97 ) was diagnosed in a child with gastroenteritis in palermo , italy , in 1997 . sequence analysis of vp7 , vp4 , vp6 , and nsp4 genes showed resemblance to a g3p[3 ] canine strain identified in italy in 1996 . dogs are a potential source of human viral pat...
human sparganosis is a zoonosis caused by plerocercoid larvae ( = spargana ) of pseudophyllidean ( now classified as diphyllobothriidean ) tapeworms . in asia , s. erinaceieuropaei is responsible for this disease , whereas spirometra mansonoides is important in the americas . this parasite can be found anywhere in th...	a 52-year - old woman presented with lower back pain , progressive symmetrical paraparesis with sensory impairment , and sphincter disturbance . magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) of the whole spine revealed multiple intradural extramedullary serpiginous - mass lesions in the subarachnoid space continuously from the pr...
megalocornea is a nonprogressive bilateral congenital enlargement of the anterior segment in the absence of raised intraocular pressure.1 it can occur in three forms simple megalocornea unassociated with other ocular abnormalities ; anterior megalophthalmos with megalocornea ; and iris and angle abnormalities as well ...	we report a case of 40-year - old female who presented with diminution of vision in both eyes . ocular evaluation showed presence of bilateral megalocornea with deep anterior chamber , iridodonesis , cataract , and anterior embryotoxon . she was diagnosed with bilateral anterior megalophthalmos . she underwent an...
this is an investigator - initiated phase iii double - blind , randomized , placebo - controlled , two - arm crossover clinical study . the study adhered to the guidelines of the declaration of helsinki , and the protocol and consent form were approved by the local investigational review board , the national ethics c...	objectivebecause many patients with diabetic macular edema ( dme ) do not respond to focal / grid laser photocoagulation , the only currently approved treatment , alternatives are needed . based on encouraging preliminary findings , we aimed to assess efficacy and safety of the anti tumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) mon...
trimethyltin ( tmt ) , a short - chain trialkyltin , is used as a stabilizing agent for certain plastics and is a neurotoxin that induces neuronal damage in both humans and experimental animals [ 1 - 3 ] . tmt causes a selective degeneration of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus and the cortical areas connected to ...	objectives : boswellic acid ( ba ) , a compound isolated from the gum - resin of boswellia carterii , is a pentacyclic terpenoid that is active against many inflammatory diseases , including cancer , arthritis , chronic colitis , ulcerative colitis , crohn 's disease , and memory impairment , but the mechanism is poorl...
1a ) . four trials used tid dosing , three used bid dosing , and all but one trial ( pregabalin 300 mg / day vs. placebo ) used escalation to assigned fixed dosing over a period of 1 to 2 weeks . patients were randomized to placebo or fixed - dosage pregabalin at 150 , 300 , or 600 mg / day . one trial included a 7...	objective to evaluate the efficacy , safety , and tolerability of pregabalin across the effective dosing range , to determine differences in the efficacy of three times daily ( tid ) versus twice daily ( bid ) dosage schedules , and to use time - to - event analysis to determine the time to onset of a sustained therap...
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ( fsgs ) causes scarring or sclerosis of glomeruli that act as tiny filters in the kidneys , damage to which results in diminished ability to properly filter blood , resulting in the urinary loss of plasma proteins and subsequent proteinuria . a 60-year - old , white female with a h...	backgroundfocal segmental glomerulosclerosis ( fsgs ) causes scarring or sclerosis of glomeruli that act as tiny filters in the kidneys , damage to which results in diminished ability to properly filter blood , resulting in the urinary loss of plasma proteins and subsequent proteinuria.case presentationa 60-year - old ...
materials from renewable resources have the potential to be more environmentally friendly than polymer materials of petrochemical origin.1 the annual production of chitin in nature is estimated to be in the range of 10100 trillion tones , and the seafood industry generates large amount of chitin waste.2 the disposal o...	abstractchitin nanofibers of unique structure and properties can be obtained from crustacean and fishery waste . these chitin nanofibers have roughly 4 nm diameters , aspect ratios between 25250 , a high degree of acetylation and preserved crystallinity , and can be potentially applied in hydrogels . hydrogels wit...
nine patients with type 2 diabetes and eight healthy control subjects gave informed consent to the approved protocol . patients with poor metabolic control were intentionally chosen . lipid profile and inflammatory proteins ( fibrinogen , von clauss method ; haptoglobin and immunoglobin g , immunonephelometric meth...	objective to measure with ultrasound the increased erythrocyte aggregation ( ea ) kinetics and adhesion energy between erythrocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes and poor metabolic control.research design and methods blood samples were analyzed in a couette rheometer at 32 mhz following shear rate reductions from...
neuromyelitis optica ( nmo ) has been traditionally considered a predominantly opticospinal disorder , but recent studies have shown that clinical spectrum of nmo includes cerebral and brainstem syndromes as well [ 13 ] . brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) are found in the majority of nmo patients wi...	background . brain lesions are common in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder ( nmosd ) and may resemble lesions of multiple sclerosis ( ms ) . objectives . to describe the imaging characteristics of supratentorial lesions in nmosd on ultrahigh - field ( 7 t ) mri with special attention to vessel - lesion relation...
nanoparticles are a special group of materials with unique features and extensive applications in diverse fields.1 metal nanoparticles , such as those containing gold and silver have recognized importance in chemistry , physics , and biology because of their unique optical , electrical , and photothermal properties.2 t...	backgroundthere is an increasing commercial demand for nanoparticles due to their wide applicability in various markets , including medicine , catalysis , electronics , chemistry , and energy . in this report , a simple and ecofriendly chemical reaction for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles from trianthe...
each year , more than forty million abortions are occurred whole of the world ( 1 ) . most of the inducible abortions are performed by surgical methods as the gold choice procedure however may lead patients dissatisfaction and postoperative serious complications ( 2 ) . by advancing medical services as alternative me...	background : each year , more than forty million abortions are occurred whole of the world . misoprostol is a prostaglandin analogue with a strong uterotonic effect . the present study aimed to compare the efficacy of misoprostol in first trimester abortion through two sublingual and vaginal routes of administratio...
new psychoactive substances ( npss ) are continuously emerging on the recreational and illicit drug market . they are often referred to as legal highs , designer drugs , or they are mainly synthetic derivatives and analogues of existing controlled drugs , analogues of pharmaceutical products , herbs , fungi , a...	ah-7921 is a structurally unique synthetic opioid analgesic that has recently entered the drug arena in europe , the usa , and japan . although it was synthesized and patented in the mid-1970s , it was first identified in a seized sample purchased via the internet in july 2012 and formally brought to the attention of...
the university medical center groningen is a tertiary referral center in the northern part of the netherlands . we perform routine diagnostic real - time pcr for all patients evaluated for respiratory disease by laboratory developed tests for 17 targets , including adenovirus , bocavirus , coronavirus , enterovirus ,...	in june and july 2016 , we identified 8 adults and 17 children with respiratory enterovirus d68 infections . thirteen children required intensive care unit admission because of respiratory insufficiency , and 1 had concomitant acute flaccid myelitis . phylogenetic analysis showed that all of 20 sequences obtained b...
the fundamental manifestation of the aging process is a progressive decline in the functional maintenance of tissue homeostasis and an increasing propensity to degenerative diseases and death . it has attracted significant interest to study the underlying mechanisms of aging , and many theories have been put forward ...	aging is an intricate phenomenon characterized by progressive decline in physiological functions and increase in mortality that is often accompanied by many pathological diseases . although aging is almost universally conserved among all organisms , the underlying molecular mechanisms of aging remain largely elusive ...
staphylococcus aureus is an important bacterial pathogen that may cause a variety of diseases , ranging from common skin and soft tissue infections to very serious and lethal diseases such as septic shock , toxic shock syndrome or pneumonia ( 1 , 2 ) . although antibiotic therapy is currently used to treat s. aureus ...	background : methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) is a major pathogen in the hospital and community settings . rapid methods to diagnose s. aureus infections are sought by many researchers worldwide . the current study aimed to utilize a phenotypic method of turanose fermentation to identify methici...
publication ethics is a multidimensional concern that affects numerous groups such as authors , editors , reviewers , researchers , scholars , learned societies and organizations , policy makers , practitioners , clinicians , funders , and many other stakeholders . what is generally expected of scholarly publications...	providing a perfect instruction to authors can prevent most potential publication ethics errors . this study was conducted to determine the quality of ethical considerations in the instructions to the authors of iranian research scientific journals of medical sciences ( accredited by the commission for accreditation ...
we conducted a single - center , open - label , randomized clinical trial to evaluate the progression of -cell dysfunction over 3.5 years in patients with treatment - nave newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes . all patients were treated for 3 months with insulin and metformin and then randomly assigned to treatment with e...	objectiveto assess -cell function preservation after 3.5 years of intensive therapy with insulin plus metformin ( ins group ) versus triple oral therapy ( tot group ) with metformin , glyburide , and pioglitazone.research design and methodsthis was a randomized trial of 58 patients with treatment - nave newly diagnosed...
fusion and gemination are the terms used to describe joint and double formation of teeth . fusion is generally regarded as a union of two or more hard tissues of two or more teeth , and the number of teeth in the affected arch is usually less than one . however , definitive diagnosis is difficult , because a nor...	whenever nature diverts from the normal or usual it gives rise to something called abnormal or unusual , which we call a disorder . fusion of two teeth is a common developmental disorder that is seen by a clinician . however , bilateral fusion along with talon 's cusp is very rarely seen and reported in lite...
hemorrhage and perforation are the most common complications after colonoscopy occurring in less than 1% of patients and often associated with biopsy or polypectomy . splenic injury or rupture is also an infrequent complication that is often forgotten and may require urgent surgical intervention . the first case of...	colonoscopy is a familiar and well - tolerated procedure and is widely used as a diagnostic and therapeutic modality by both gastroenterologists and surgeons . although perforation and hemorrhage are the most common complications , splenic injury or rupture is a rare but potentially lethal complication . we report ...
medical devices , which have a physical mode of action , are widely employed to control head louse infestation in europe and , more recently , in australia . however , in most countries , competent authorities and national prescribing schemes still generally favor insecticide - based medicinal products over medical dev...	backgroundthis was a randomized , assessor - blind , controlled comparison of a soya oil- based medical device shampoo with a medicinal permethrin lotion in an alcohol vehicle for treatment of head louse infestation to generate data suitable for a regulatory submission to achieve reimbursable status for the shampoo pro...
pleural mesothelioma is a rare condition associated with exposure to asbestos in around 70% of the cases . other risk factors include sv40 virus , genetic alterations , and exposure to radiotherapy generally for cancer treatment . the relationship between exposure to radiotherapy and pleural mesothelioma has been d...	follow - up bone scintigraphy ( bs ) in a patient of carcinoma left breast , who was treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy 12 years back , revealed asymmetrically increased radiotracer uptake in left - sided ribs . since , this pattern was atypical for metastatic rib involvement , single photon emission compute...
dental caries is the most common chronic disease of childhood and significantly impacts children 's well - being . among us children aged from 2 to 5 years of age , more than 25% have caries , a prevalence which appears to be on the rise . yet , young children , particularly those who are low - income , encounter s...	objective . ( 1 ) to describe an innovative program training us pediatricians to be chapter oral health advocates ( cohas ) . ( 2 ) to provide insight into cohas ' experiences disseminating oral health knowledge to fellow pediatricians . patients and methods . interviews with 40 cohas who responded to an email re...
we selected eight genes known to be involved in the ras pathway , namely cdk5 , hras , mapk1 , mapk3 , map2k1 , map2k2 , ngfr and raf1 . core genes due to their relevance in the ras pathway and their consequential importance in colorectal cancer . the knock - down experiments were performed on the eight core g...	quantitative validation of gene regulatory networks ( grns ) inferred from observational expression data is a difficult task usually involving time intensive and costly laboratory experiments . we were able to show that gene knock - down experiments can be used to quantitatively assess the quality of large - scale grns...
other concomitant symptoms should be considered for diagnostic approach in a child with pleuritic chest pain . in this report we discuss chest pain in a 6-year - old child with regard to other signs and symptoms . this six - year old boy was presented to the emergency department of children 's medical center , tehr...	pleuritic pain is not an unusual problem in children . other concomitant symptoms should be considered for diagnostic approach in a child with pleuritic chest pain . in this report we discuss chest pain in a 6-year - old child with regard to other signs and symptoms . finally , we found a rare life - threatening ...
a 24 y / o single , educated , mother is hesitant to have her 12 mo daughter vaccinated for measles , mumps and rubella ( mmr ) due to concerns of her developing autism . student objectives : to discuss the actual risks and benefits of the mmr vaccine and to debunk the link the between the mmr vaccine and autism b...	as medical students enter the role of physician , clinical outcomes not only rely on their mastery of clinical knowledge , but also on the effectiveness in which they can communicate with patients and family members . while students typically have numerous opportunities to practice clinical communication with adult p...
( 1 ) patients may report dysuria , intermittency , haematuria , frequency , hesitancy , nocturia or sudden termination of voiding . a 62 year old lady presented to the hospital with a swelling in her right thigh . she had a past history of myelomeningocele spina bifida which had been closed at birth . she suffer...	we present a rare case of a vesicocutaneous fistula secondary to two large bladder calculi in a patient with spina bifida . a 62 year old lady presented with swelling of her right thigh and a calcified mass protruding through the subcutaneous tissues of her right groin . urine was seen to be draining from around th...
the plasma membrane serves as a highly dynamic platform for binding of peripheral membrane proteins and their complexes , a phenomenon that is involved in the regulation of a wide range of cellular and physiological processes , e.g. , intercellular signaling , membrane trafficking , and coagulation . as the association...	membrane binding of peripheral proteins , mediated by specialized anchoring domains , is a crucial step for their biological function . computational studies of membrane insertion , however , have proven challenging and largely inaccessible , due to the time scales required for the complete description of the process...
inversion traction ( it ) is a form of spinal traction in which the body is maintained in an inverted position so that back problems can be prevented and cured1 . specifically , it provides the spinal column with traction force using the body s weight . the force of the body s weight in the it position is usual...	[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to analyze changes in the electromyographic activities of the lumbar erector spinae caused by inversion traction in order to verify the relaxation effect . [ subjects and methods ] the subjects included 60 healthy male adults who were equally and randomly assigned to a ...
patients or individuals may not respond in similar ways when administered with the same drug in a standard dose . both genetic and non - genetic factors including age , gender , nutrition , concomitant medications , organ function however , to a great extent the inter - individual variability in drug response is attr...	phase i and ii drug metabolizing enzymes ( dme ) and drug transporters are involved in the absorption , distribution , metabolism as well as elimination of many therapeutic agents , toxins and various pollutants . presence of genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding these proteins has been associated with marked inter...
a computed tomography ( ct ) incidentaloma is an incidentally detected and previously unsuspected finding or abnormality that is not related to the indication for obtaining the ct examination . chest ct incidentalomas are pandemic in modern health care due to many factors , including the explosion in the use of chest...	abstracta computed tomography ( ct ) incidentaloma is an incidentally detected and previously unsuspected finding or abnormality that is not related to the indication for obtaining the ct examination . the aim of this article is to review the frequency of incidentalomas on chest ct scans , discuss the potential clini...
acrodermatitis enteropathica ( ae ) is an autosomal recessive condition resulting in severe zinc deficiency . the deficiency is caused by a defect of dietary zinc absorption in the duodenum and jejunum . zinc is an essential co - enzyme in metal enzymes ( like alkaline phosphatase ) ; it is an important structural ...	abstractacrodermatitis enteropathica is a rare genetic autosomal recessive disorder , characterized by periorificial dermatitis , alopecia , and diarrhea . it is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes a membrane protein that binds zinc . we report a 14-month - old boy , admitted for erythematous , scaly and p...
diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) is a noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging ( mri)-based technique that is increasingly used to characterize microstructural brain changes in parkinson 's disease ( pd ) . mean diffusivity ( md ) and fractional anisotropy ( fa ) are common dti measures extracted from the diffusion ten...	abstractdiffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) is an increasingly used noninvasive imaging tool . however its long - term clinical utility is unclear . parkinson 's disease ( pd ) is a common neurodegenerative disease.we prospectively examined a cohort of 46 parkinson 's disease ( pd ) patients who underwent diffusion te...
ins-1 cells ( passage 545 ) were cultured in rpmi1640 medium ( sigma ) containing 11.1 mmol / l d - glucose supplemented with 10% heat - inactivated fbs , 10 mmol / l hepes , 100 units / ml penicillin , 100 mg / ml streptomycin , 1 mmol / l sodium pyruvate , and 50 mol / l -mercaptoethanol at 37c in a humidified incuba...	objectiveamp - activated protein kinase ( ampk ) and the atp - sensitive k+ ( katp ) channel are metabolic sensors that become activated during metabolic stress . ampk is an important regulator of metabolism , whereas the katp channel is a regulator of cellular excitability . cross talk between these systems is poo...
anxiety among patients is present in the operation theatre set up with a reported incidence of 60%80% . lengthy surgical procedures , anaesthesia , unfamiliar surroundings and unexpected delays typically increase patient anxiety . approximately , one - third of patients having surgery under regional anaesthesia are h...	background and aims : a high incidence of anxiety has been reported in patients in the operation theatre set up . we developed a short visual clip of 206 s duration depicting the procedure of spinal anaesthesia ( sab ) and aimed to compare the effect of this video on perioperative anxiety in patients undergoing proce...
hypoxia is suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of endocrine and metabolic dysregulation in obesity and the metabolic syndrome . we could previously demonstrate , based on an experimental human in vivo design established in our group , that 30 minutes of oxygen desaturation to 75% are sufficient to...	leptin is involved in the endocrine control of energy expenditure and body weight regulation . previous studies emphasize a relationship between hypoxic states and leptin concentrations . the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute hypoxia on leptin concentrations in healthy subjects . we examin...
lymph edema is the accumulation of a high - protein edema fluid in the interstitial tissue as a result of the functional overload of the lymphatic system in which lymph volume exceeds transport capabilities and the lymphatic system becomes overwhelmed , causing lymphatic insufficiency or failure1 . secondary ...	[ purpose ] breast cancer - related upper extremity lymph edema is known to cause physical , functional and psychological impairments in women after modified radical mastectomy . the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of phase i complex decongestive physiotherapy ( cdp ) on physical functions and ...
due to the stringency of cellular quality control ( qc ) , protein production and assembly are often inefficient in the cell . about 30% of newly synthesized proteins in mammalian cells are subject to rapid degradation by proteasomes . however , experimental efforts to rationalize the interplay between th...	despite broad biochemical relevance , our understanding of the physiochemical reactions that limit the assembly and cellular trafficking of integral membrane proteins remains superficial . in this work , we report the first experimental assessment of the relationship between the conformational stability of ...
tamoxifen is an effective treatment in reducing recurrence and mortality rates for estrogen receptor ( er ) positive breast cancer patients 1 . on the other hand , an undesirable side effect of increasing risk of endometrial cancer has been suspected for decades 2 - 6 . a number of case - control studies showed tha...	background : our study aimed to assess the endometrial cancer risk after tamoxifen adjuvant treatment for female breast cancer patients in taiwan.materials and methods : a total of 74,280 breast cancer patients between january 1997 and december 2004 were included in the study ; 39,411 received tamoxifen treatment and 3...
metzincin matrix - metalloproteases ( mmps ) comprise a large family of endopeptidases of which today , 24 distinct genes have been identified in man ( only 23 have been identified in mouse ) . the prefix metallo- refers to the reliance of these endopeptidases on zinc ions to perform hydrolysis of their respective p...	the coordination of tissue function is mediated by gap junctions ( gjs ) that enable direct cell - cell transfer of metabolic and electric signals . gjs are formed by connexin ( cx ) proteins of which cx43 is most widespread in the human body . beyond its role in direct intercellular communication , cx43 also forms...
neuroimmune interactions are increasingly appreciated as both an important regulator of normal brain development and function and a potential contributor to the pathophysiology of a range of neuropsychiatric illnesses . in particular , there is accumulating evidence that immune dysregulation can contribute to obsessive...	there is accumulating evidence that immune dysregulation contributes to the pathophysiology of obsessive - compulsive disorder ( ocd ) , tourette syndrome , and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections ( pandas ) . the mechanistic details of this pathophysiology , howev...
sarcoidosis is a very rare disease in korea with an incidence of 59 cases in 1998 ( 0.125 cases/100000 people)11 ) . hydrocephalus is a rare clinical feature with a prevalence of 6% among patients with neurosarcoidosis , as reported by a prospective study2 ) . secondary hydrocephalus following meningitis , ventricu...	a 31-year - old man was admitted to our hospital due to hydrocephalus with neurosarcoidosis . ventriculo - peritoneal shunting was performed in the right lateral ventricle with intravenous methylprednisolone . subsequently , after 4 months , additional ventriculo - peritoneal shunting in the left lateral ventricle ...
estudio retrospectivo de la implantacin del myoring en un bolsillo corneal en los casos de queratocono . el espesor de la crnea en el punto ms fino no reflej cambios , mejorando los valores de sim k , esfera y cilindro manifiesto durante el seguimiento a los 9 meses de la intervencin y permaneciendo entonces estab...	purposeto study long - term results of myoring treatment of keratoconus.methodsretrospective study of myoring implantation into a corneal pocket for keratoconus.resultscorneal thickness at the thinnest point remained unchanged , sim k 's , manifest sphere and cylinder were significantly improved at the first follow - u...
there is a robust corpus of behavioral studies showing that , at a young age , infants discriminate phonetic contrasts from different languages of the world ( e.g. , [ 14 ] ) . the capacity of infants to acquire linguistic information from their native language is well established , but the mechanisms neural or other ...	we report brain electrophysiological responses from 10- to 13-month - old mexican infants while listening to native and foreign cv - syllable contrasts differing in voice onset time ( vot ) . all infants showed normal auditory event - related potential ( erp ) components . our analyses showed erp evidence that mexi...
fecal microbiota transplantation ( fmt ) has gained worldwide attention in recent years 1 . in 2013 , it was recommended as the clinical choice in guidelines for treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection ( cdi ) 2 . in addition , clinical studies have shown that fmt has a therapeutic role in inflammato...	background and study aims : placement of a tube through the anus into the cecum has not yet been established as a method of administering whole - colonic treatment . the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety , feasibility , and value of transendoscopic enteral tubing ( tet ) for fecal microbiota transplantatio...
in 2010 , about 8,900 ontario women were diagnosed with breast cancer while 2,100 died of the disease . compared to women without a family history of breast cancer , women with an affected first - degree relative are about twice as likely to develop breast cancer , with risks increasing when any first - degree relati...	background . few prospective studies have examined associations between breast cancer worry and screening behaviours in women with elevated breast cancer risks based on family history . methods . this study included 901 high familial risk women , aged 2371 years , from the ontario site of the breast cancer family...
porcine circovirus ( pcv ) is a small nonenveloped virus that contains a single - stranded circular dna of about 1.76 kb . pcv was originally isolated as a noncytopathic contaminant of the pk-15 cell line and was classified as a member of circoviridae family , genus circovirus , based on its morphological and geno...	porcine circovirus type 2 ( pcv-2 ) has been associated with syndromes grouped by the term porcine circovirus associated diseases ( pcvad ) . the pcv-2 isolates have been grouped into two major groups or genotypes according to their nucleotide sequence of whole genomes and/or orf-2 : pcv-2b , which have , in turn , b...
hydatidosis is a chronic infection of medical and veterinary importance caused by the larval stage of cosmopolitan parasitic platyhelminth echinococcus granulosus . this disease is considered as re - emerging zoonosis in several countries and endemic in algeria ; it is considered as disease for obligatory declarati...	hydatidosis is characterized by the long - term coexistence of larva echinococcus granulosus and its host without effective rejection . previous studies demonstrated nitric oxide ( no ) production ( in vivo and in vitro ) during hydatidosis . in this study , we investigated the direct in vitro effects of no species :...
aniline is a solvent used in dyes , antioxidants , rubber accelerators , drugs , photographic chemicals , isocyanates , herbicides , and fungicides . . antidote methylene blue [ figure 1 ] 12 mg should be started after 4 h of exposure as the symptoms or extent of toxicity of poisoning can not be determined before tha...	methylene blue is utilized as the main treatment of methemoglobinemia . here we report two cases , in which patient suffered from aniline - induced methemoglobinemia with initial good response but later developed haemolytic anemia due to methylene blue therapy . he was treated with hydration , high flow oxygen and ...
chronic lymphocytic leukaemia ( cll ) , the commonest type of leukaemia , is a generalised malignancy of lymphoid tissue originating in the bone marrow . it is characterised by an accumulation of monoclonal lymphocytes , usually of b cell type . the malignant lymphocytes spread from the bone marrow to blood , lymph...	extramedullary involvement in early stage chronic lymphocytic leukaemia ( cll ) is rare . we report the first case of an incidental finding of gall bladder infiltration in a patient who underwent a cholecystectomy for gallstone pancreatitis with no preceding history of cll . this case reiterates the importance of s...
pityriasis amiantacea ( pa ) is a scalp disorder presenting with thick , silvery / yellowish , asbestos - like scales wrapping around and binding down tufts of hair . it is typically considered to be a reactive condition to several inflammatory diseases , which may affect the scalp , mainly including psoriasis , atop...	clinical distinction between pityriasis amiantacea - like tinea capitis and pityriasis amiantacea due to noninfectious inflammatory diseases is a troublesome task , with a significant likelihood of diagnostic errors / delays and prescription of inappropriate therapies . we report a case of pityriasis amiantacea - lik...
the world organization for animal health has identified ppr as a notifiable and economically important transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats associated with high morbidity and mortality . clinically , symptoms of this disease include severe pyrexia , oculo - nasal discharges , necrotizing and erosive stomati...	this study measured the clinical prevalence of peste des petits ruminants ( ppr ) among sheep and goats in india between 2003 and 2009 by analyzing clinical samples from suspected cases of ppr that were submitted to the rinderpest and allied disease laboratory , division of virology , ivri , mukteswar for ppr diagnosis...
today 's technology makes it feasible to sequence the genome of almost any species of interest and to investigate complex genetic relationships in populations of animals [ 13 ] . however , the task of translating enormous amounts of genetic data into practical applications is still a work in progress [ 46 ] . as th...	many endangered captive populations exhibit reduced genetic diversity resulting in health issues that impact reproductive fitness and quality of life . numerous cost effective genomic sequencing and genotyping technologies provide unparalleled opportunity for incorporating genomics knowledge in management of endanger...
it has been recognized that cardiac autonomic nervous system activity is of great significance in the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation ( af ) . stimulation or inhibition of selective extracardiac neural structures may be a useful therapeutic option for cardiac arrhythmias , including af , and other a...	backgroundganglionated plexus have been developed as additional ablation targets to improve the outcome of atrial fibrillation ( af ) besides pulmonary vein isolation . recent studies implicated an intimate relationship between neuronal sodium channel nav1.8 ( encoded by scn10a ) and af . the underlying mechanism b...
blood - oxygen - level - dependent ( bold ) functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) is an imaging technique that makes it possible to dynamically and noninvasively track metabolic and hemodynamic changes in the brain [ 1 , 2 ] . the early developments of bold fmri data analysis have mostly relied on a ...	a large - scale brain network can be defined as a set of segregated and integrated regions , that is , distant regions that share strong anatomical connections and functional interactions . data - driven investigation of such networks has recently received a great deal of attention in blood - oxygen - level - d...
transfection of small interfering rna ( sirna ) molecules into mammalian cells induces post - transcriptional gene silencing via sequence - specific mrna degradation ( rna interference ) ( 1,2 ) . sirna molecules for rnai experiments can be generated by chemical or by enzymatic synthesis ( 1,3 ) . expressed hairpin...	small interfering rnas ( sirnas ) have become a standard tool in functional genomics . once incorporated into the rna - induced silencing complex ( risc ) , sirnas mediate the specific recognition of corresponding target mrnas and their cleavage . however , only a small fraction of randomly chosen sirna sequences i...
previous studies showed that a novel , combined haemophilus influenzae type b ( hib ) and neisseria meningitidis serogroups c and y conjugate vaccine that uses tetanus toxoid as carrier protein ( hibmency - tt ) was immunogenic with an acceptable safety profile when administered to infants as a 3-dose primary series , ...	a pooled analysis was conducted of 1257 toddlers who received a fourth dose of haemophilus influenzae type b - neisseria meningitidis serogroups c and y - tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine ( hibmency - tt ) or hib conjugate vaccine ( hib polysaccharide conjugated to n. meningitidis outer membrane protein ) coadministere...
in the yoga sutras , yoga is defined as union of mind , body and spirit . these days it is assuming importance in improving mental health and quality of life in the treatment of a number of disorders . for example , a rash of psoriasis may not bother some people while it may make some feel depressed and more ill ...	objective : the aim was to study the effect of short - term yoga therapy program on quality of life in patients suffering from psychosomatic ailments.methods:sample size and study period : all the subjects coming to svyasa arogyadhama in month of july 2011 for yoga therapy for various psychosomatic ailments and were fr...

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