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eyes were obtained from 53 dogs including 5 beagles ( 23 years old ) , 1 chihuahua ( 10 years old ) and 47 mixed breeds ( 1 to 13 years old ) of each gender that were euthanized by carbon dioxide overdose ( 47 mixed breeds ) or deep anesthesia using pentobarbital sodium ( 100 mg / kg , i.p . ) ( the other 6 dogs ...
abstractwe aimed to document macroscopic variations in the cellular tapetum in the dog , to provide a histologic description of the macroscopic results and to evaluate the correlation between the macroscopic appearance and aging . fifty three dogs including 5 beagles , 1 chihuahua and 47 mixed breeds of each ge...
the comprehensive aortic root and valve repair ( carvar ) procedure is , basically , one of the valve sparing surgical techniques for aortic valve or aortic root disease . three basic surgical procedures of this technique are annular reduction , reduction of sinotubular junction ( stj ) and leaflet correction.1)2 ) f...
comprehensive aortic root and valve repair ( carvar ) is a recently introduced surgical technique for aortic valve disease . the national evidence - based health care collaborating agency was offered by the ministry of health and welfare , korea to perform a restrospective outcome analysis for this surgical procedure...
an 11-year - old spayed female domestic shorthair cat with a history of hyperthyroidism treated with carbimazole for 7 months was presented for a check - up after a few episodes of vomiting . the cat had been receiving prednisolone at 0.5 mg / kg po q12h for recent pancreatitis and concurrent inflammation of liver an...
case summaryan 11-year - old spayed female domestic shorthair cat with a history of hyperthyroidism treated with carbimazole for 7 months was presented for a check - up after a few episodes of vomiting . the cat had been receiving prednisolone at 0.5 mg / kg po q12h for recent pancreatitis and concurrent inflammation...
during ahi , hiv-1 replicates in cd4 t cells and causes profound immune activation and cd4 t - cell depletion [ 15 , 25 , 26 ] . after acute infection , cd4 t cells become the main targets of virus infection during the transition from naive to effector and memory t cells [ 27 , 28 ] . in addition , cytokines and hi...
abstracthuman immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) type 1 uses the cd4 molecule as its principal receptor to infect t cells . hiv-1 integrates its viral genome into the host cell , leading to persistent infection wherein hiv-1 can remain transcriptionally silent in latently infected cd4 + t cells . on reactivation of repli...
chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is a major global health burden due to its high prevalence and associated risk of end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) , cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) , and premature death ( 13 ) . the global burden of disease study 2013 estimated 956,200 deaths worldwide were directly attributable to c...
chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is a major risk factor for end - stage renal disease , cardiovascular disease and premature death . here we estimated the global prevalence and absolute burden of ckd in 2010 by pooling data from population - based studies . we searched medline ( january 1990 to december 2014 ) , inte...
pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common gram - negative rod - shaped bacterium that leads to significant morbidity and mortality in humans . p. aeruginosa is a prototype of multidrug - resistant pathogen and is recognized for its ubiquitous distribution , advanced antibiotic resistance mechanisms , and nosocomial infect...
background : infection by pseudomonas aeruginosa is common in the intensive care unit ( icu ) , leading to increased morbidity and mortality . the organism is classified into various phenotypes based on the drug resistance pattern , namely , drug - resistant ( dr ) , multi - dr ( mdr ) , extensively dr ( xdr ) , and pa...
there are about 190 cases reported with higher prevalence of diagnosis in pediatric age group . with first histological confirmation in 1895 polyorchidism can clinically have varied presentations as inguinal swelling , cryptorchidism , testicular torsion , hydrocele and varicocele with majority being asymptomatic . ...
triorchidism is the commonest variety of polyorchidism , an entity with more than two testis is an extremely rare congenital anomaly of the testis . although excision of the abnormal testis is a safer alternative proposed , recent literature suggests more conservative approach in normal testes with watchful regular f...
the incidence of natural pop ranges from 1:60 000 to 1:1 500 deliveries , accounting for 3.3% of all ectopic pregnancies . since the report of the first successful human in vitro fertilization embryo transfer ( ivf - et ) cycle resulting in ectopic pregnancy , the association of ectopic pregnancy and ivf cycles has b...
primary ovarian pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy , particularly following in vitro fertilization . although there have been a few reported cases of primary ovarian pregnancy following in vitro fertilization embryo transfer , we believe this is the first report involving donor embryo transfer . a high ind...
post - translational modifications are essential for the rapid and reversible modification of the physiochemical properties of a protein , resulting in the changes of enzyme activity , oligomerization state , protein protein interaction , subcellular localization or half - life ( 1 ) . protein phosphorylation is the...
increasing evidence shows that protein phosphorylation on serine , threonine and tyrosine residues is a major regulatory post - translational modification in the bacteria . this review focuses on the implications of bacterial phosphoproteome in bacterial pathogenicity and highlights recent development of methods in p...
a 6yearold male was brought to our emergency department having sustained an accidental penetrating injury to zone 1 of the neck with a sickle . on examination , there was a foreign body sickle ( fig . 1 ) with its wooden handle as an entry point at the right submandibular region with no active bleeding and without ev...
key clinical messagect scan is the most important investigation in patients with penetrating neck injury in which it can show the extent of internal injury which may be overlooked . without ct scan being performed , one should not try to remove foreign body by just pulling blindly , as it can injure vital structures .
mammals are thought to develop in a bacteria - free environment within the mother 's womb . they are born through a birth canal densely populated by lactic acid bacteria ( harrison et al . , 1953 ; dominguez - bello et al . , 2010 ; ravel et al . , 2011 ) and , during a substantial period of their early development...
the birth canal provides mammals with a primary maternal inoculum , which develops into distinctive body site - specific microbial communities post - natally . we characterized the distal gut microbiota from birth to weaning in mice . one - day - old mice had colonic microbiota that resembled maternal vaginal commu...
commercial archwires of stainless steel ( ss ) , nickel - titanium ( niti ) , titanium molybdenum alloy ( tma ) , and low - friction tma ( l - tma ) were used ( 0.017 0.025 ormco , glendora , california , usa ) . scanning electron microscope ( hitachi , su6600 , japan ) was used to observe the surface morphology of ...
objective:(1 ) to evaluate the corrosion resistance of four different orthodontic archwires and to determine the effect of 0.5% naf ( simulating high fluoride - containing toothpaste of about 2250 ppm ) on corrosion resistance of these archwires . ( 2 ) to assess whether surface roughness ( ra ) is the primary factor i...
atherosclerosis , one of the main complications of diabetes , constitutes the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in today 's world . macrophages , as major inflammatory contributors , are key modulators of atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression : m1 macrophages , which are related to inflammatory effe...
advanced glycation end products ( ages ) are major inflammatory mediators in diabetes , affecting atherosclerosis progression via macrophages . metformin slows diabetic atherosclerosis progression through mechanisms that remain to be fully elucidated . the present study of murine bone marrow derived macrophages sho...
in recent years , consumers demands regarding food production and food safety have changed dramatically . vegetables represent an important part in the human diet providing a significant amount of essential vitamins , minerals and dietary fibers . subsequently , minimally processed food like fresh - cut fruits and ...
background : essential oil components eugenol and carvacrol ( ranging between 100 and 200 ppm for carvacrol and between 250 and 750 ppm for eugenol ) were tested for antifungal activity against foodborne pathogenic fungal species aspergillus carbonarius a1102 and penicillium roqueforti ptfkk29 in in vitro and in situ c...
lung cancer presenting in about 85% by non - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) is the leading cause of death among human malignancies . the ability to establish consistent human tumour xenografts in small animals is a crucial part of preclinical nsclc therapy investigations , and whole body irradiation ( wbi ) serves ...
human tumour xenografts in a nude rat model have consistently been used as an essential part of preclinical studies for anticancer drugs activity in human . commonly , these animals receive whole body irradiation to assure immunosuppression . but whole body dose delivery might be inhomogeneous and the resulting incom...
ultrasound imaging is one of the most inexpensive , safe , and commonly used diagnostic tools for imaging soft tissues and vasculature . the use of microbubble contrast agents enables visualization of microvasculature which can not be seen directly with doppler ultrasound . microbubbles composed of gaseous ...
microbubbles are used as contrast enhancing agents in ultrasound sonography and more recently have shown great potential as theranostic agents that enable both diagnostics and therapy . conventional production methods lead to highly polydisperse microbubbles , which compromise the effectiveness of ultrasoun...
it is found in countries and regions with inadequate sanitary infrastructure and insufficient health education . the life cycle of the parasite includes the adult stage , the egg , and the larval stage ( cysticercus ) . when a person ingests raw or semi - cooked pork meat with cysticerci , the scolex evaginates and a...
three species of tapeworms infect humans in their adult stage ( taenia solium , taenia saginata and taenia asiatica ) . the 3 are flat , opaque white or yellowish , and exceptional long segmented parasites , measuring 1 to 12 m in their adult stage . in this review , the development of the knowledge regarding the f...
although fish in natural populations may carry high body burdens of both organic and inorganic mercury , the effects of this divalent metal on such lower vertebrates is poorly understood . in this report , inorganic mercury in the form of mercuric chloride ( hgcl2 ) is shown to produce both high - dose inhibition and...
in order to achieve the national vision of reaching and sustaining routine immunization coverage of 90% for all vaccines by the year 2020 , there was need to involve both the private and public health facilities in providing immunization services . there is paucity of information on the success of private - public pa...
the vision of nigeria s immunization program is to reach and sustain routine immunization coverage of greater than 90% for all vaccines by 2020 . in order to achieve this , abia state embarked on a unique private - public partnership ( ppp ) between private health facilities and the abia state ministry of health . th...
the use of light - activated composite resins has increased considerably because they provide better esthetics and an opportunity to restore extensive restorations . the structure of resin matrices of polymerized composite resins comprises bisphenolglycidyl dimethacrylate ( bis - gma ) , triethylene glycol dimethacry...
objective : the aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surface hardness of silorane - based composite resin ( filtek silorane ) in time and compare the results with the surface hardness of two methacrylate - based resins ( filtek supreme and majesty posterior).materials and methods : from each composite materi...
currently , diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is more prevalent than any other hereditary metabolic diseases . it is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate , fat , and protein metabolism caused by lower amounts or absence of insulin . it can lead to several complications such as blindness , cardiac arrest , kidney failure , etc...
background : early and non - invasive determination of blood glucose level is of great importance . we aimed to present a new technique to accurately infer the blood glucose concentration in peripheral blood flow using non - invasive optical monitoring system . methods : the data for the research were obtained from 9...
due to its simplicity and convenience , acupuncture has become popular as a complementary therapy . in this chinese medicine , doctors have to find the traditional meridian acupuncture points before the needle is punctured into those points . because of the significant remedial effects , acupuncture has drawn a lot...
due to its simplicity and convenience , acupuncture has become popular as a complementary therapy . in this chinese medicine , doctors have to find the traditional meridian acupuncture points before puncturing the needles into them . moxibustion ( i ji ) is also an important part of the acupuncture remedy . treatm...
tobacco use and its health consequences is one of the most serious public health problems worldwide . evidence is accumulating that smoking increases the risk of cancers and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases . despite proven negative health effects of smoking , it is becoming more prevalent , particularly amo...
background : adolescent smoking relates to numerous risk factors , of which beliefs and attitudes toward smoking may play a role . the study aimed to investigate the association between beliefs and attitudes and the risk of adolescent smoking.materials and methods : in a school - based cross - sectional study , 3,400...
methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) strains are well known to be hospital - associated or healthcare - associated pathogens . however , within the past two decades , the incidence of infections due to community - acquired methicillin - resistant s. aureus ( ca - mrsa ) strains have been rapidly incre...
community - acquired methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus has been spreading worldwide , including in japan . however , few cases of toxic shock syndrome caused by community - acquired methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus have been reported in japan . we report 2 cases , in middle - aged women , o...
biliary obstruction is preferentially managed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ercp ) . however , after ercp failed , alternatives include percutaneous transhepatic drainage , surgery and more recently , endoscopic ultrasonography ( eus)-guided hepaticogastrostomy . the limitation of this technique...
introduction : biliary obstruction is preferentially managed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ercp ) . however , after ercp failed , alternatives include percutaneous transhepatic drainage , surgery and more recently , endoscopic ultrasonography ( eus)-guided hepaticogastrostomy . the limitation ...
paleoparasitology is the study of parasites found in ancient remains and the tracing , on that basis , of the history of host - parasite relationships . it began in the early 20th century in egypt , where sir marc armand ruffer developed a special rehydration technique applicable to mummified tissues and prepared his...
paleoparasitology is the application of conventional or molecular investigative techniques to archeological samples in order to reveal parasitic infection patterns among past populations . although pioneering studies already have reported key paleoparasitological findings around the world , the same sorts of studies ...
their radiological features suggest malignant neoplasms , whereas they are not ct and mr imaging are the most used tools in their evaluation inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours ( imts ) constitute a rare group of neoplasms composed of a mixture of spindle - shaped myofibroblasts or fibroblasts and a variable amount...
objectivesto present the most important characteristics of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours ( imts ) arising in different locations of the body with histological correlation.methodsto review the symptoms and main radiological findings of imts . on ultrasonography ( us ) , these tumours can appear as hypoechoic or...
the cyanine - dye labeled nucleotide triphosphates cy3- and cy5-dctp are among the standard labeling reagents used in microarray and other multicolor hybridization applications due to their bright , photostable and spectrally resolved fluorescence . however , cy3- and cy5-dctp ( figure 1b ) proved exceedingly difficu...
dna not only transmits genetic information but can also serve as a versatile supramolecular scaffold . here we describe a strategy for the synthesis and replication of dna displaying hundreds of substituents using directed evolution of polymerase function by short - patch compartmentalized self - replication ( spcsr ...
chromium exits in two stable oxidation states , namely , the trivalent ( iii ) and hexavalent ( vi ) forms . hexavalent cr is more toxic than trivalent cr and the toxicological impact is due to its oxidizing ability and high solubility [ 14 ] . chromium ( vi ) is capable of damaging the skin due to its high penetra...
objectives . the main objective of this study was to assess the chromium exposure levels in printing workers . the study evaluated the airborne , serum , and urinary chromium levels and determines any correlation between level of chromium in specimen and airborne chromium levels . material and methods . a cross -...
nasal septal deviation is a common nasal deformity . it can be a congenital disorder or a consequence of nasal trauma . deviation of the bony or cartilaginous component of the nasal septum from the midline leads to its deviation . this results in external nasal deformity , internal nasal obstruction due to nasal ai...
background . with the current lack of clinically relevant classification methods of septal deviation , computer - generated models are important , as septal cartilage is indistinguishable on current imaging methods , making preoperative planning difficult . methods . three - dimensional models of the septum were ...
post - extraction bone tissue atrophy in the alveolar ridge was found both , in vertical and horizontal dimensions ( chackartchi and stabholz 2013 ) . the systematic reviews demonstrated that the alveolar ridge underwent mean horizontal reduction in width of 3.8 mm and mean vertical reduction in height of 1.24 mm w...
due to atrophy of the tissue within the alveolar ridge , implantation must sometimes be preceded by bone regeneration . the use of allogeneic material allows the surgeon to prepare grafts of any shape and amount ; therefore it is a good alternative to autograft reconstruction in patients with extensive atrophy of the...
lipids and their simplest structural elements , the fatty acids , provide myriad functions at all levels of cellular life . nutritional scientists are still wrestling to develop a rudimentary understanding of the roles that dietary lipids exert . lipids as simple fats are the most concentrated energy source in the ...
for recommendations of specific targets for the absolute amount of saturated fat intake , we need to know what dietary intake is most appropriate ? changing agricultural production and processing to lower the relative quantities of macronutrients requires years to accomplish . changes can have unintended consequences...
as a common side effect of treatment for diabetes , hypoglycemia is a constant threat and can have far - reaching and potentially devastating consequences , from irreversible coma and infarction to cognitive decline and dementia , although the relationship between treatment - related hypoglycemia and cognition remains ...
objectivethe effect of hypoglycemia related to treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) on brain structure remains unclear . we aimed to assess whether symptomatic severe hypoglycemia is associated with brain atrophy and/or white matter abnormalities.research design and methodswe included t2 dm participants wi...
the concept of cancer stem cells ( csc ) arose from the discovery that a majority of cells from some human leukemia ( acute myeloid leukemia ) , at different stages of differentiation , originated from transformed undifferentiated pluripotent stem cell . this led to the hypothesis , then the theory , that as in the n...
the cancer stem cells ( csc ) hypothesis represents a pathological extrapolation of the physiological concept of embryonic and somatic stem cells . in its initial definition , it encompassed the hypothesis of a qualitatively distinct population of immortal cancer cells originating from somatic stem cells , which genera...
cirrhosis of the liver the only cure for which is liver transplant is associated with several serious complications , including ascites , spontaneous bacterial peritonitis , variceal bleeding , and hepatic encephalopathy ( he ) . guidelines established by the american association for the study of liver diseases cur...
patients with cirrhosis commonly experience hepatic encephalopathy ( he ) , a condition associated with alterations in behavior , cognitive function , consciousness , and neuromuscular function of varying severity . he occurring before liver transplant can have a substantial negative impact on posttransplant outcomes...
colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in western countries and its incidence has also risen in asian countries . currently it is the second most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer death in hong kong . however , the operation is a major undertaking and is associated with significan...
backgroundthis study aimed to compare the overall and disease specific survivals of patients who underwent laparoscopic and open resection of colorectal cancer in a high volume tertiary center.methodsconsecutive patients who underwent elective resection for colorectal cancer ( open resection , n = 1,197 ; laparoscopi...
a 52-year - old korean female visited seoul veterans hospital with a complaint of acute pain and gingival swelling on the right mandibular molar region . on palpation , bilateral buccal bony expansion was noted on the posterior mandible and maxilla ( fig . 1 ) . she had a complete denture , however her denture was ...
cemento - osseous dysplasias are a group of disorders known to originate from periodontal ligament tissue and involve , essentially , the same pathological process . they are usually classified into three main groups : periapical , florid , and focal cemental dysplasias depending on their extent and radiographic appe...
while violence remains the third most common cause of spinal cord injury ( sci ) in the united states , only 1% of scis occurs from stab wounds.1 non - missile injuries , namely stabbings , are more common in developing countries where access to firearms is limited.2,3 in a large series from south africa , 25% of scis ...
study design : case report.objective : to describe a case of spinal cord transection in a 6-year - old child.background information : non - missile injury of the spinal cord is not common and its incidence varies according to the country . in addition , to our knowledge , there are no published reports of spinal cor...
an otherwise healthy mother had a routine ultrasound at 20 weeks , which showed giant omphalocele with liver included in the omphalocele sac . karyotyping of the amniotic fluid cells showed a normal female karyotype ( 46 , xx ) , -fetoprotein ( afp ) in amniotic fluid was raised ( 38.7 mg / l ; 3 mom = 20.1 mg / l)...
the management of giant omphaloceles at our department is primarily conservative . however , management can be challenging if the omphalocele is ruptured or the sac has to be removed . we report a case in which a giant omphalocele in a newborn female patient was managed by covering the abdominal defect with non cr...
the prickly pear cactus , opuntia ficus - indica , is well adapted for cultivation in semi - arid regions.1 the cladodes , also known as cactus pads , of the spineless cultivars can be used as livestock feed , but because of their low crude protein content of about 40 g kg they should be regarded as a cheap energy sour...
backgroundthe cladodes of opuntia ficus - indica ( prickly pear cactus ) have a low protein content ; for use as a balanced feed , supplementation with other protein sources is therefore desirable . we investigated protein enrichment by cultivation of the yeasts candida utilis and kluyveromyces marxianus in an enzyma...
urinary tract infection ( uti ) is a significant cause of morbiditiy among children , and may result in permanent parenchymal damage with the possible development of late complications such as arterial hypertension or chronic renal failure . the likelihood of developing these late complications in utis is the greates...
summarybackgroundwe assessed prevalence and resistance of uropathogens on antimicrobial agents ( aa ) from urine cultures ( uc ) in children hospitalized with urinary tract infections ( uti ) at university hospital in split.material/methodsduring the 7-year period , children hospitalized only once with uti alone were c...
unlike common long bones , mandible reconstruction presents many difficulties due to its unique shape and relation with dental occlusion and the temporomandibular joint ( tmj ) . reconstruction plate or non - vascularized autogenous bone graft were used , but were prone to infection and radiation exposure , often res...
purpose : the reconstruction of mandibular defects poses many difficulties due to the unique , complex shape of the mandible and the temporomandibular joints . with development of microvascular anastomosis , free tissue transplantation techniques , such as deep circumflex iliac artery ( dcia ) flap and fibular free f...
it is currently the mainstay immunotherapy of relapsing - remitting multiple sclerosis ( ms ) . we present a case of an ms patient who developed nephrotic - range proteinuria following ifn- treatment over a timespan of more than 9 years . the histology was suggestive of membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis ( m...
we present a case report of a 37-year - old woman with multiple sclerosis ( ms ) who developed nephrotic - range proteinuria secondary to membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis ( mpgn)-like disease with mesangial c3 deposition without evidence of immune - complex deposition in the context of long - term interferon- ...
kaposiform hemangioendothelioma ( khe ) is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin typically arising from the skin or soft tissues , and it is more often described in children . the tumor is composed of irregular lobules of small malformed vessels with sheets of spindle cells and infiltrating nodules . previously , khe ...
backgroundkaposiform hemangioendothelioma ( khe ) is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin that typically arises from the skin or soft tissues as a solitary tumor . the optimal therapy for this disease is still unknown . we report the case of an adult patient presenting with metastatic khe of the spleen , who had a pa...
historically , research has focused on understanding the mechanisms that give rise to the unwanted choices expressed by chronic cocaine users ( ccus ) and treatment efforts have been aimed at stopping them altogether . as with many addictions , stimulant addiction is portrayed as the hijacking of natural valuation an...
addiction is considered a disorder that drives individuals to choose drugs at the expense of healthier alternatives . however , chronic cocaine users ( ccus ) who meet addiction criteria retain the ability to choose money in the presence of the opportunity to choose cocaine . the neural mechanisms that differenti...
fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system ( cns ) is mediated predominantly by ionotropic glutamate receptors of the ampa- and nmda - type . these receptors are composed of different subunits that determine the biophysical and trafficking properties of the channel . depending on ...
as in other parts of the central nervous system ( cns ) of the mouse , glutamatergic synapses onto dopamine ( da ) neurons in the ventral tegmental area ( vta ) mature postnatally . at birth many ampa receptors ( ampars ) lack glua2r subunit and most nmdars contain the glun2b subunit . within 2 weeks these receptors ...
diabetes is a common chronic disease that is characterized by impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance . psychiatric disorders frequently occur in type 2 dm patients and about 15% of the diabetic patients are susceptible to depression . in iranian traditional medicine ( itm ) , the relationship between dia...
background : diabetes is a common chronic disease that is characterized by impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance . it is considered an urgent public - health issue because of its epidemic perspective . depression is a highly prevalent disease with a lifetime prevalence of 17% . individuals with depressi...
hypothyroidism has various cardiovascular manifestations including impaired diastolic function , reduced contractility and infrequently pericardial effusion and heart failure ( 1 - 3 ) . electrocardiographic ( ecg ) changes in hypothyroidism were bradycardia , rbbb , flat or inverted t wave , qrs prolongation , qt pr...
hypothyroidism has various cardiovascular manifestation and exhibits electrocardiographic change . the qt dispersion on surface ecg reflects regional variations in myocardial repolarization . the effect of l - thyroxine treatment on ecg parameters , such as qt dispersion , in patients with primary hypothyroidism we...
coins are the most commonly ingested foreign bodies ( fb ) , with button batteries , fish bone , marble , stone , and pieces of meat , etc . , being other forms of ingested fb . in majority of cases , it is accidental in nature but can be occasionally homicidal , as was probably the case in our patient . we report ...
foreign body ingestion in neonatal period is an uncommon occurrence , despite foreign ingestion being common among pediatric age group . we report a rare case of foreign body esophagus in a 12-day - old female neonate causing obstructive symptoms after a homicidal attempt . the unusual age and circumstances involvi...
subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) cases represent approximately 7% of all types of stroke ] , and have a notoriously high mortality rate . despite fluctuations , the overall incidence of sah has been stable at around 10 per 100,000 population per year in most countries for the past few decades . however , in one regi...
despite significant regional and risk factor - related variations , the overall mortality rate in patients suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) remains high . compared to ischemic stroke , which is typically irreversible , hemorrhagic stroke tends to carry a higher mortality , but patients who do...
primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a rare tumor with only about 30 reported cases in the english literature . surgical exploration is needed for the diagnosis and treatment , and many authors recommend extensive excision including total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo - oophorectomy with enucl...
primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a rare tumor . only about 30 such cases have been reported in the worldwide literature , and a few korean cases have been reported . the pathogenesis is not clear , and coelomic metaplasia of the retroperitoneal mesothelium has gained wide support . there is ...
aortic regurgitation ( ar ) is characterized by the diastolic reflux of blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle due to incomplete coaptation of the aortic valve . the overall prevalence of ar was 4.9% in the framingham heart study and 10% in the strong heart study . there are studies that have been perfor...
as multiple new procedures now require better visualization of the aortic valve , we sought to better define the central aortic valve coaptation area seen during diastole on multi - detector row cardiac computed tomography ( mdct ) . 64-mdct images of 384 symptomatic consecutive patients referred for coronary artery ...
a significant change from conventional castings is the introduction of direct metal laser sintered ( dmls ) technology used for metal - ceramic restoration . various in vitro studies on dmls have yielded promising results for its wider clinical usage . yet studies regarding clinical longevity and the survival rates...
statement of problem : in recent years , direct metal laser sintered ( dmls ) metal - ceramic - based fixed partial denture prostheses have been used as an alternative to conventional metal - ceramic fixed partial denture prostheses . however , clinical studies for evaluating their long - term clinical survivability an...
the cytotoxicity of a high purity cornish kaolinite toward mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro was examined . the material was cytotoxic towards these cells , the activity could be decreased substantially by pretreating the dust with poly(2-vinylpyridine n - oxide ) . pretreatment of the dusts with poly(acrylic a...
on the day of surgery , all donor tissues are dissected in the operating room prior to the start of the first dsaek surgery . dissection is performed using a microkeratome ( altk cbm ; moria japan kk , tokyo , japan ) equipped with a 300 m head . after microkeratome - dissection , the donor - endothelial lamella ( ...
we describe a modified technique for loading donor corneal endothelial lamella onto a busin glide without causing wrinkles , as part of the procedure of descemet - stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty . briefly , after punching out a composite of the donor - endothelial lamella and a microkeratome - dissected c...
hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) is an enveloped , single - stranded ribonucleic acid ( rna ) virus with positive polarity . this virus is one of the most important pathogens of the human and is able to cause mild to severe liver diseases . the virus is a member of the hepaciviruses genus in the flaviviridae family ( 1 ) ...
background : hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection is a major blood - borne infection with silent epidemic , major global public health problem and diverse prevalence worldwide.objectives:this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hcv infection and related risk factors in the general population of two villages , farm...
immediate / early promoter / enhancer of cytomegalovirus ( cmv promoter ) is one of the most commonly used promoters for expression of transgenes in mammalian cells for research or therapeutic purposes . although it is often thought of as a constitutive and unregulated pan - specific promoter , it has been shown that...
purposethe cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) promoter is one of the most commonly used promoters for expression of transgenes in mammalian cells . the aim of our study was to evaluate the role of methylation and upregulation of the cmv promoter by irradiation and the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin in vivo using non - invasiv...
female stress urinary incontinence is an ancient problem . following the " hammock hypothesis " by delancey , which describes the pathophysiology of female stress incontinence ( 1 ) , the tension - free vaginal tape ( tvt ) procedure for treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women was introduced in 1996 ( 2 ) ....
this study was undertaken to identify risk factors for postoperative voiding dysfunction and factors having impact on patient global satisfaction after a tension - free vaginal tape ( tvt ) procedure . two hundred and eighty - five women who underwent the tvt procedure for stress urinary incontinence were analyzed to...
excess adiposity increases the risk of developing a variety of pathological conditions , including type 2 diabetes , cardiovascular disease , steatohepatitis , and several types of cancer [ 1 - 4 ] . in the past two decades , advances in obesity research have led to the recognition that adipose tissue is an endocrine...
obesity is a state of chronic low - grade systemic inflammation . this chronic inflammation is deeply involved in insulin resistance , which is the underlying condition of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome . a significant advance in our understanding of obesity - associated inflammation and insulin resistance ...
the aging , demographics , and memory study ( adams ) currently estimates that 14 percent of people aged 71 and older in the united states have dementia . the number of people aged 65 and older living with alzheimer 's disease is expected to nearly triple by 2050 . however , research estimates that about one - third ...
purpose . researchers assessed whether medical students ' participation in a poetry workshop with people with alzheimer 's disease and related dementias ( adrd ) affected their attitudes towards persons with adrd . objective . to add to the growing body of research summarizing the impact of nonclinical interventions ...
premature ejaculation ( pe ) is defined as ejaculation that occurs with minimal stimulation , and which happens before or shortly after penetration , resulting in harassment and anxiety . pe is the most common sexual dysfunction in men younger than 40 years old , affecting approximately 30% of men . however , pe is...
background : several recent studies have investigated the therapeutic role of phosphodiesterase type 5 ( pde5 ) inhibitors in premature ejaculation ( pe ) used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.objectives:in the present research , the efficacy of paroxetine alone and paroxetine plus tadalafil was compared in pat...
celiac disease ( cd ) is a disorder of the small intestine known by mucosal inflammation , villous atrophy , and crypt hyperplasia , which appear upon exposure to dietary gluten and improve after withdrawal of gluten from the diet . however , the serologic tests for celiac disease and the common use of upper endoscop...
objectiveceliac disease is an intestinal disorder identified by mucus inflammation , villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia . this disorder can be controlled by elimination of gluten from daily diet . patients with celiac disease are at greater risk of gastrointestinal malignancy and non - hodgkin lymphoma than are ...
leclercia adecarboxylata , an ubiquitous gram - negative bacillus of the enterobacteriaceae family , has been rarely isolated from environmental and clinical specimens . l. adecarboxylata shares characteristics of enterobacteriaceae ; they are gram - negative , facultatively - anaerobic , oxidase - negative , mesophi...
leclercia adecarboxylata , a gram - negative bacillus of the enterobacteriaceae family , is an uncommonly identified human pathogen . the organism has been reported worldwide and isolated from various environmental sources . most human infections are polymicrobial and commonly occur in immunocompromised hosts , alt...
the most common and generally accepted ' typical ' us features of hepatic hemangiomas are their small size , uniform hyperechogenicity , well - defined margin , and posterior echo enhancement ( 1 - 3 ) ( fig . 1 ) . in addition , follow - up scanning only rarely shows a change in size , appearance , or detectability ...
because us plays a key role in the initial evaluation of hepatic hemangiomas , knowledge of the entire spectrum of us appearances of these tumors is important . most hemangiomas have a distinctive us appearance , and even with those with atypical appearances on conventional gray - scale us , specific diagnoses can be...
persistent cloaca is defined as a defect in which rectum ; vagina and urinary tract meet and fuse into a single common channel . this is a rare anomaly seen exclusively in girls with an incidence of 1 in 50,000 live births and accounts for 10% of all anorectal malformations in females . it is a complex malformation...
a rare case of squamous cell carcinoma of bladder occurring in a 36-year - old female with persistent cloacal anomaly who presented with frequency , urgency , dysuria , and recurrent urinary tract infection is reported . contrast enhanced computed tomography with three dimensional reconstruction showed presence of bl...
the normal prostate luminal cells , which are the histological origin of most prostate malignancies , are physically separated from the stroma by the basal cells and basement membrane ( bm ) . basal cells are joined by intercellular junctions and adhesion molecule...
our recent studies revealed that focal basal cell layer disruption ( fbcld ) induced auto - immunoreactions represented a contributing factor for human prostate tumor progression and invasion . as the basement membrane surrounds and attaches to the basal...
the reaction of a manganese(v)oxo porphyrinoid complex with the lewis acid b(c6f5)3 leads to reversible stabilization of the valence tautomer mniv(o)(-radical cation ) . the latter complex , in combination with b(c6f5)3 , reacts with aro h substrates via formal hydrogen - atom transfer and exhibits dramat...
erectile dysfunction ( ed ) remains a common cause of significant postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing radical therapies for prostate cancers or other pelvic malignancies , because the cavernous nerve can be inadvertently axotomized , lacerated , or stretched at the time of surgery . although techniques suc...
purposeerectile dysfunction ( ed ) remains a major complication from cavernous nerve injury during radical prostatectomy . recently , stem cell treatment for ed has been widely reported . this study was conducted to investigate the availability , differentiation into functional cells , and potential of human muscle...
arachidonic acid ( aa ) within the cell membrane is metabolized by the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase ( 5-lo ) to produce leukotrienes.1,2 the 5-lo activating protein ( flap ) binds to 5-lo in this process , enabling transfer of aa to 5-lo . aa metabolism produces leukotriene a4 ( lta4 ) , which is subsequently converted to e...
backgroundgsk2190915 , a 5-lipoxygenase activating protein inhibitor , inhibits the production of cysteinyl leukotrienes and leukotriene b4 and 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid . we have previously reported that gsk2190915 100 mg daily inhibits early and late asthmatic responses to inhaled allergen ; the effects...
one possible reason for persistent endodontic infection may be retention of microorganisms in the dentine tissue of the root canal walls . an infection of the pulp can result in microbial colonization of the entire root canal system , together with the dentinal tubules adjacent to the canal . selective pressures re...
background : enterococcus faecalis has been widely used as a valuable microbiological pathogen for in vitro studies due to its ability to successfully colonize the root canal in a biofilm - like style , invade dentinal tubules , and resist endodontic treatment procedures.the aim of this study was to compare the bacteri...
acute interstitial nephritis ( ain ) defines a pattern of renal injury usually associated with an abrupt deterioration in the renal function characterized histopathologically by inflammation and edema of the renal interstitium . ain is an important cause of acute kidney injury caused by drug hypersensitivity reaction...
linezolid , a member of oxazolidinone antibiotic class , is a relatively well - tolerated drug with few side effects . it is active against gram - positive cocci , including multidrug resistant staphylococci and enterococci . we report a case of a 54-year - old diabetic male with alcoholic cirrhosis admitted in int...
in the past decade , we have seen a great acceleration in the development of new quantum chemical methods , resulting in dozens of new computational techniques that potentially improve the accuracy of results and/or computational efficiency . among these methods , many contain at least one empirical parameter fitted ...
with numerous new quantum chemistry methods being developed in recent years and the promise of even more new methods to be developed in the near future , it is clearly critical that highly accurate , well - balanced , reference data for many different atomic and molecular properties be available for the parametrization...
blood hypereosinophilia ( he ) remains a frequent finding encountered in a daily clinical practice of different fields of medicine . under various conditions , eosinophils may produce and release a variety of biologically active substances which may invade target organ and lead to its dysfunction and/or damage . the ha...
the term hypereosinophilia of undetermined significance ( heus ) previously known as idiopathic , benign eosinophilia relates to patients who have a long - lasting , unexplained and asymptomatic blood he . these patients have not been studied so far in terms of demographic characteristics and clinical outcome . t...
the effects of small molecules on organisms have long been the focus of biochemistry and pharmacology . over the last years there has been a considerable increase in the number of high - throughput screens that have been performed using chemical libraries ( 13 ) . at the same time , the molecular targets of individua...
over the last years , the publicly available knowledge on interactions between small molecules and proteins has been steadily increasing . to create a network of interactions , stitch aims to integrate the data dispersed over the literature and various databases of biological pathways , drug target relationships and b...
hip dislocations are mostly due to low velocity injury in children younger than 3 years . a 25 month old child presented to our casualty following a fall from a slide 3 hours prior to presentation . an x - ray of the pelvis was taken which showed a posterior hip dislocation on the right side . the child had an em...
introduction : hip dislocation in a child less than 3 years is a very rare event . only a few case reports have been documented in western literature . it is rarely reported from indian population . hip dislocations are mostly due to low velocity injury in children younger than 3 years . we report such a case o...
a 30-year - old female patient admitted to our hospital with sudden hearing loss and tinnitus in the right ear . her medical history also included lumbar discopathy . she d been using beta interferon at a dose of 0.3 mg on alternate days for the treatment of ms for the last 3.5 years . physical examination of the p...
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system . ms involves different regions of the central nervous system in different periods , and causes demyelination . ms is a neuromotor disorder which progresses with remissions and relapses . symptoms of ms may regress co...
methods and any associated references are available in the online version of the paper at http://www.nature.com / naturemedicine/. note : supplementary information is available on the nature medicine website .
cancer stem cells ( cscs ) or tumor progenitor cells are involved in tumor progression and metastasis1 . micrornas ( mirnas ) regulate both normal stem cells and cscs25 and mirna dysregulation has been implicated in tumorigenesis6 . cscs in many tumors , including cancers of the breast7 , pancreas8 , head and neck9...
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by relentless loss of motor neuron function . the selective degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons results in progressive weakness of the limb , bulbar , abdominal , and thoracic muscles . the reported annual preval...
abstractamyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatment and death within 2 to 5 years after symptom onset . here , we reported a case of als patient using modified dihuang yinzi ( dhyz ) , a classical traditional chinese medicine ( tcm ) prescri...
90408028 to ct zhang and 10747150 to f gao ) . funding for open access charge
the genome of sorangium cellulosum has recently been completely sequenced , and it is the largest bacterial genome sequenced so far . in their report , schneiker et al . ( in complete genome sequence of the myxobacterium sorangium cellulosum , nat . biotechnol . , 2007 , 25 , 12811289 ) concluded that in the abs...
physarum polycephalum is a true acellular slime mold that belongs to the species of order physarales , subclass myxo - gastromycetidae , class myxomycetes , division myxostelida . the life cycle of physarum polycephalum possesses a plasmodial phase where it exists as a single cell with a large number of diploid nucle...
the chemotaxis behavior of the plasmodial stage of the true slime mold physarum polycephalum was assessed when given a binary choice between two volatile organic chemicals ( vocs ) placed in its environment . all possible binary combinations were tested between 19 separate vocs selected due to their prevalence and bi...
the first suspected case of an hpai outbreak in japan during winter 201617 was reported from akita prefecture in northern japan ( figure 1 ) . a black swan ( cygnus atratus ) in a zoo that died on november 15 , 2016 , tested positive for influenza virus antigen by a rapid diagnostic test . while this bird s specime...
highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses ( hpaivs ) a(h5n6 ) were concurrently introduced into several distant regions of japan in november 2016 . these viruses were classified into the genetic clade 2.3.4.4c and were genetically closely related to h5n6 hpaivs recently isolated in south korea and china . in addition...
this technique requires tagging of cells with a fluorophore , which is a molecule that will fluoresce when light at appropriate wavelengths is incident on it . fluorophores should have good photostability and high quantum yield , and when used to image live cells they should be noncytotoxic and stable in vivo [ 2 , 3...
the use of tetraammonium tetrakis(4-sulphonato)phenyl porphyrin ( tpps ) , a water - soluble anionic compound , as a stain to analyse bacterial cells using fluorescent microscopy was investigated . tpps was effectively used to analyse two different bacteria : pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacillus cereus . the variation...
osteoid osteoma ( oo ) is a benign tumor characterized by a small calcified lesion , usually less than 2 cm in diameter , with nocturnal pain alleviated by the administration of nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) . oo usually affects the long bones and mostly occurs in the first 2 decades of life . o...
osteoid osteoma ( oo ) usually occurs in the extremities of young adults . the tumor can arise in any part of the skeletal tissue ; however , it is rarely found in the rib , with limited reports to date . in this report , we present a rare case of oo arising in the rib , which was successfully treated under computed ...
ccdc 1435933 ( 1 a ) , 1435934 ( 2 a ) and 1435935 ( 2 b ) contain the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper . as a service to our authors and readers , this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors . such materials are peer reviewed and may be reorganized for online delivery ...
abstractthe synthesis of heteroatom analogues of the cyclopentadienyl anion cp is a fascinating and challenging field of research . the replacement of methine moieties by phosphorus is well investigated for the synthesis of mono , tri and pentaphospholyl ligands . on the other hand , arsenic derivatives are rare an...
dynamic factors have a significant role in causing cervical spondylotic myelopathy ( csm ) . in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament ( c - opll ) , mild symptoms of myelopathy the pathomechanism of cervical myelopathy caused by c - opll remains unknown . despite spinal stenosis (...
abstractthe purpose of this study was to measure range of motion ( rom ) in patients with cervical ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament ( c - opll ) by multidetector - row computed tomography ( mdct ) , and to investigate the influence of dynamic factors . the study included 101 patients with c - opll and ...
the development of sustainable agriculture is a major challenge for humanity : we could eradicate hunger from the earth but still preserve our planet for coming generations , for example by using less pesticides and chemical fertilizers , reducing the greenhouse effect , maintaining small farming communities ...
a report on the second international conference on legume genomics and genetics , organized jointly with the fifth aep european conference on grain legumes " legumes for the benefit of agriculture , nutrition and the environment : their genomics , their products and their improvement " , dijon , france , 7 - ...
obesity in childhood is strongly associated with cardiovascular risk factors ( crfs ) including dyslipidemia , hyperglycaemia , and hypertension . in obese children hyperinsulinaemia and other crfs are far more commonly found than in normal weight children and adolescents [ 24 ] . most metabolic consequences appear...
in obese children , hyperinsulinaemia induces adverse metabolic consequences related to the risk of cardiovascular and other disorders . branched - chain amino acids ( bcaa ) and acylcarnitines ( carn ) , involved in amino acid ( aa ) degradation , were linked to obesity - associated insulin resistance , but these as...
pain is a complicated phenomenon often ignored in newborns . until the last decade of 1970 , it was thought that infants can not feel or recall pain , so surgical procedures in infants were carried out without anesthesia or analgesia . later , research showed that the fibers that transfer the pain stimuli are organiz...
objectiveit has been demonstrated that newborns feel pain completely . thus , they should be treated with this in mind . recent research showed that non - pharmacological interventions such as kangaroo care may be useful for decreasing pain in newborns . we tried to determine the effect of kangaroo care on the ...
replantations for major amputations of the upper limb have been widely reported and performed at many centres around the world . we report a case of successful replantation of complete avulsion amputation of the right upper limb at scapulothoracic level in a 3-year - old boy . in our literature search a 3-year - ol...
replantations for major amputations of upper extremity have been widely performed . we report a unique case of successful replantation of scapulothoracic avulsion amputation in a child . in this manuscript , we discuss the various challenges faced during the procedure and chances of neural recovery .
in korea , 26.5% of the total female population is obese , and women in their 30s , 40s , and 50s account for 28% , 34.4% , and 37.4% , respectively , of the total obese female population . a sharp increase in the prevalence of obesity has been particularly seen with onset of menopause , a time in which women experie...
this study was conducted to examine the effects of combined exercise on health - related fitness , endotoxin concentrations , and immune functions of postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity . 20 voluntary participants were recruited and they were randomly allocated to the combined exercise group ( n = 10 ) or the...
an efficient method for the construction of csp2csp3 bond in a regio- and stereoselective fashion involving 1,3-terminal dienes , enol triflates / nonaflates , and sodium formate under pd(0)-catalysis is described . the three component assembly allows trapping of a -allyl intermediate , after the initial migr...
intranodal schawnomas are extremely rare and just a few cases have been described before . clinical presentation comprises a symptomatic mass in several anatomical regions , but they can also be found during analysis of surgical specimens resected for other reasons . the report is based on the case of an 80-year - old ...
abstractintranodal schawnomas are extremely rare . just a few cases have been described before . clinical presentation comprises not only symptomatic mass in several anatomical body parts , but also , they can be found during analysis of surgical specimens resected for other reasons . the report is based on the cas...
cancer an up - regulated biological process of cell growth with an ability of tumor cells to invade and metastasize . a century ago , paul ehrlich hypothesized that a magic bullet could be developed to selectively target cancer . over the past few decades , the progress in molecular biology and the understanding ...
current progress in nanomedicine has exploited the possibility of designing tumor - targeted nanocarriers being able to deliver radionuclide payloads in a site or molecular selective manner to improve the efficacy and safety of cancer imaging and therapy . radionuclides of auger electron- , - , - , and -radiation emi...
previous reports describe patients chewing on patches , applying more than the number of prescribed patches to the skin , and applying a patch to an area with a skin abrasion all of which can lead to fentanyl toxicity . continued vigilance among healthcare providers to detect misuse of this transdermal medication is...
narcotics are frequently prescribed to alleviate pain in patients with serious medical illnesses such as cancer . because of their nonoral route of administration , fentanyl patches are now being frequently prescribed . however , the widespread use of fentanyl patches has been associated with medication errors and ...
seminoma is the most frequent carcinoma of the testicle in the fourth decade of life and constitutes 60% to 65% of germ cell neoplasias . several histopathological characteristics of the tumour have been evaluated and three types of pure seminoma have been described : classic , anaplastic and spermatocytic . we rep...
seminomas in undescended testes may present as abdominal wall tumours . a unilateral testis tumour in a 29 year old man with ipsilateral undescended testis is presented and relevant literature is reviewed.a 29 year old man presenting with a tender left lower abdominal mass was admitted to our clinic and initial diagn...
toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with a ubiquitous intracellular protozoan , toxoplasma gondii.1 reproduction is both sexual and asexual . sexual reproduction occurs in definitive hosts mostly involving the cat family , and occasionally mice or rats.1 asexual reproduction occurs in a wide range of animals , which...
backgroundtoxoplasmosis is caused by infection with a ubiquitous intracellular protozoan parasite , toxoplasma gondii . with the advent of the hiv pandemic in nigeria , toxoplasmic encephalitis has become one of the more frequent opportunistic infections and the most commonly implicated cause of focal brain lesions c...
the prevalence of antibodies in adults varies in different geographic regions , from 40%-100% , with lower rates in europe , parts of north america and australia , and higher rates in africa and asia . cmv has been detected in many body fluids , including saliva , urine , blood , cervicovaginal secretions , semen and...
cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) is an important pathogen in immunocompromised individuals . the aim of this study was to analyze prevalence and dynamics of cmv infection among patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis . from 2010 to 2012 , a total of 162 patients and 160 control subjects were tested for the presence of cmv ig...
many materials can grow in multiple ( meta)stable crystal structures , and phase selection is one of the most fundamental problems in material science for example , many metastable phases are only obtained by rapid quenching of a liquid into a polycrystalline multiphase solid . typical zincblende - structure ( zb )...
summarycontrolled formation of non - equilibrium crystal structures is one of the most important challenges in crystal growth . catalytically - grown nanowires provide an ideal system for studying the fundamental physics of phase selection , while also offering the potential for novel electronic applications based on...
dentine sensitivity is defined as short , sharp pain from exposed dentine in response to thermal , tactile , osmotic , or chemical stimuli that can not be ascribed to any other dental defect or disease . clinically the presence of dentine sensitivity creates challenges for both patients and dental practitioners ; in ...
background . to assess the clinical efficacy of a dentifrice containing fluoride and functionalised tricalcium phosphate ( ftcp ) in reducing dentine sensitivity . methods . a 10-week parallel blind randomised control trial was conducted . subjects were assigned to one of four groups and instructed to brush twice dai...
spinal tumors are known to be relatively rare among neoplastic diseases . but as the expected length of life extends every year and due to the rapid development in diagnostic tools , the incidence of spinal tumors is increasing markedly . as a result , many studies on spinal tumors are under progress . spinal tumors ...
generally , among the extradural spinal tumors , metastatic spinal tumor is much more common than primary spinal tumors . thus , in the case of a spinal tumor patient with cancer history ( such as lung cancer , breast cancer , etc . ) , we used to infer that the spinal lesion is the metastasis from , primary malignan...