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early detection and eradication of malignant tumors at an early stage before metastasize and spread to neighboring areas , can be prevented from threats and problems later . during 20032007
almost 0.0% , 0.9% , 6.0% , 15.0% , 20.8% , 19.7% , 22.6% and 15.1% of mortality has occurred in the following order , 20 yr , 2... | background : the segmentation of cancerous areas in breast images is important for the early detection of disease .
thermal imaging has advantages , such as being non - invasive , non - radiation , passive , quick , painless , inexpensive , and non - contact .
imaging technique is the focus of this research.methods... |
the objective of this study was to investigate a broad range of adverse health outcomes and their potential association to wood preservative used in daycare centers .
this article focuses on reproductive effects .
a sample of 221 exposed teachers was provided by the employer 's liability insurers .
a comparison g... | |
the estimation of age is an important and is commonly carried in medico legal area .
assessment of age is often required while administering justice to an individual involved in the civil and the criminal litigation .
teeth are known to aid in personal identification and age estimation as they are highly durable an... | the developing dentition is used to assess maturity and estimate the age in many disciplines including anthropology , archeology , forensic science , pediatric dentistry and orthodontics .
there is evidence that dental development is less effected than skeletal development by malnutrition and hormonal disorders .
t... |
with heart transplantation comes well - documented medical and psychosocial challenges [ 1 , 2 ] .
healthcare professionals are dedicated to educating and supporting transplant recipients and their families throughout this potentially difficult trajectory in order to promote engagement in self - management .
recipi... | preparation for heart transplant commonly includes booklets , instructional videos , personalized teaching sessions , and mentorship .
this paper explores heart transplant recipients ' thoughts on their preparation and support through the transplant process .
twenty - five interviews were audio-/videotaped capturin... |
air - displacement plethysmography ( i.e. bod pod ) has gained popularity among body composition researchers since its introduction in 1995 .
this is mainly attributable to the non - invasive test - procedure and the lack of technical expertise required compared to the traditional hydrostatic weighing procedure . the... | backgroundto investigate the effect of body temperature and moisture on body fat ( % fat ) , volume and density by air - displacement plethysmography ( bod pod).methods%fat , body volume and density by the bod pod before ( bod podbh ) and immediately following hydrostatic weighing ( bod podfh ) were performed in 32 hea... |
past clinical understanding confined the burden of chronic hepatitis c infection ( hcv ) to later stages of hepatic impairment .
now it is known that hcv 's extrahepatic manifestations ( ehms ) and reduced health - related quality of life ( hrqol ) often develop before hepatic impairment .
diagnostically , this und... | background .
hcv infection is associated with musculoskeletal manifestations such as chronic widespread pain , sicca syndrome , polyarthritis , and a reduced hrqol .
little data is available on the effect of treatment on these manifestations .
this study measured changes in extrahepatic symptoms and hrqol before ... |
cerebrovascular disorder , mainly including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke , is the third cause of death after cardiovascular disease and cancer and the leading cause of long - term disability in adults in china .
although stroke mortality has declined in the past decades , its prevalence and morbidity increased d... | regenerative strategies in treatment of stroke have great potential .
the goal of the current study was to investigate safety of intrathecal administration of autologous cd34 positive cells in treatment of patients with poststroke .
a total of eight male patients with a history of stroke were enrolled .
the patie... |
its main characteristics are deficits in social communication and relationship , verbal communication and language impairments , and repetitive / restrictive behaviors and interests .
some of these children do not like to try new foods and have food selectivity .
children with autism intake vitamin b6 and vitamin e... | there are many reports about the significant roles of some amino acids in neurobiology and treatment of autism .
this is a critical review of amino acids levels in autism .
no published review article about the level of amino acids in autism was found .
the levels of glutamate and homocystein are increased in aut... |
i. b. , z. m. , p. c. , l. h. , and a. h. are employees of pfizer inc . and hold significant stocks and shares of pfizer inc . | approximately 50% of rare diseases are evident in children . fatal disease prognosis and lack of treatments causes 30% of affected children to not live past their fifth birthday .
this clear sense of urgency demands innovation and acceleration in drug development .
a case study is discussed highlighting the need fo... |
rhinitis is the inflammation of the mucous lining of the nose , and it can lead to symptoms including rhinorrhea , nasal obstruction , post - nasal drip , itching , and sneezing .
the etiologies of rhinitis include infection , anatomical anomalies , immunological disorders , hormonal imbalance , and ciliary defects [... | rhinitis is a common upper airway disease and can have great impact on patients ' quality of life .
factors associated with the use of common treatment modalities among 279 taiwanese rhinitis patients from the outpatient department of otolaryngology in a medical center were investigated using a cross - sectional surv... |
some patients show signs of wakefulness as demonstrated by eye opening , but are incapable of a meaningful reaction to stimuli .
this condition is known as the vegetative state ( vs).1 decisions on life - sustaining treatment for patients in the vs have been an issue of intense discussions over the last 40 years .
... | backgrounddecisions on limiting life - sustaining treatment for patients in the vegetative state ( vs ) are emotionally and morally challenging .
in germany , doctors have to discuss , together with the legal surrogate ( often a family member ) , whether the proposed treatment is in accordance with the patient 's wil... |
proteomic profiling based on enzyme activity is assuming significance in drug discovery as it becomes possible to profile selectivity of drugs and their mechanism of action .
such an approach focuses on protein function , an aspect which has been missing from expression proteomics . a functional proteomic profiling a... | functional proteomic profiling can help identify targets for disease diagnosis and therapy .
available methods are limited by the inability to profile many functional properties measured by enzymes kinetics .
the functional proteomic profiling approach proposed here seeks to overcome such limitations .
it begins ... |
a substantial proportion of patients who repeatedly present to hospitals with symptoms for which conventional pathology can not be identified , show evidence of psychological distress that is either not expressed or is unrecognized in the general practice consultation .
the phenomena has two aspects : the expression ... | background : there is a paucity of studies done on medically unexplained physical symptoms ( mups ) in kerala , india .
the objective of this study was to examine the sociodemographic and other clinical variables associated with this condition.materials and methods : the clinical sample was taken from the general med... |
immunoglobulin a nephropathy ( igan ) is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide , and is associated with a poor prognosis , resulting in end - stage kidney disease in approximately 40% of cases.13 because the poor prognosis of igan is partly a result of delayed diagnosis , strategies for early dia... | immunoglobulin ( ig ) a nephropathy ( igan ) is the most common form of glomerular disease worldwide and is associated with a poor prognosis .
thus , development of a curative treatment and strategies for early diagnosis and treatment are urgently needed .
pathological analysis of renal biopsy is the gold standard ... |
non-24-hour sleep wake syndrome is a sleep disorder in which the sleep wake cycle exceeds 24 hours , and this occurs not only in blind subjects but also in sighted individuals.1,2 however , this syndrome hardly occurs in sighted individuals;2 the exact mechanism in sighted individuals with non-24-hour sleep
some ev... | a woman was diagnosed with non-24-hour sleep wake syndrome and depressive symptoms .
her depressive symptoms did not respond to standard doses of several antidepressants or mood stabilizers .
furthermore , her sleep wake cycle remained non - entrained despite treatment with a melatonin - related drug , vitamin b1... |
neuraminidase ( na ) is one of the two major surface antigens of influenza viruses .
the enzymatic activity of na contributes to efficient viral replication as it enables spread in a host by cleavage of new virions from infected cells to permit dispersal of aggregated virions .
,
neuraminidase may also digest de... | background antibodies to neuraminidase ( na ) contribute to protection during influenza virus infection , but na inhibition ( ni ) titers are not routinely analyzed in vaccine trials .
one reason is the cumbersome nature of the conventional thiobarbituric acid ( tba ) ni assay , which uses chemical methods to quant... |
the somatosensory amplification scale ( ssas ) is a 10-item self - report instrument designed to assess a tendency to experience normal somatic and visceral sensations as intense , noxious , and disturbing ( 1 ) .
the concept of somatosensory amplification involves self - examination , increased attention , and vigil... | background : the somatosensory amplification scale ( ssas ) is a 10-item self - report instrument designed to assess a tendency to experience normal somatic and visceral sensations as intense , noxious , and disturbing.objectives:the present study investigated the reliability and validity of the ssas , developed by bar... |
acute brain injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality which correlates partly to the initial cerebral insult ( 1 ) .
following traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) , the function of some organs is impaired , contributing to a worse outcome .
systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( sirs ) is commonly encountere... | objective(s):this study was carried out to investigate the effects of cox-2 selective inhibitor ( celecoxib ) or non - selective cox inhibitor ( ibuprofen ) on gastrointestinal motility.materials and methods : the rats were randomly divided into five groups including : intact , sham , traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) gro... |
ischemic heart disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.1 borderline coronary artery lesions are responsible for about 80% of acute coronary syndromes ( acs).2 it is not uncommon during the performance of coronary angiography to identify borderline coronary stenosis ( > 40 and < 80% ) in the... | backgroundmaximal hyperemia is the critical prerequisite for fractional flow reserve ( ffr ) assessment . despite intravenous
( iv ) adenosine currently being the recommended approach , intracoronary ( ic ) administration of adenosine constitutes a valuable alternative in everyday practice .
however , it is surpris... |
a major goal in pediatric dentistry is to maintain primary dentition in an intact state until permanent successors erupt .
primary dentition is essential for maintenance of arch length , mastication , speech and esthetics and prevention of abnormal oral habits .
this does not mean that tooth needs removal ; it can ... | background : preservation of pulp vitality is of utmost importance to the normal physiological functioning of tooth in situ and physiological process of exfoliation in a tooth affected by disease or trauma .
pulpotomy serves such a purpose using various medicaments applied directly on vital pulp.aim:the aim of this s... |
malignant pleural mesothelioma ( mpm ) is a rare malignant neoplasm that typically affects individuals occupationally exposed to asbestos through a variety of industries .
mpm is cancerous proliferation of mesothelial cells that involves a large extent of the pleural cavity and is the most common primary neoplasm of ... | background : malignant pleural mesothelioma ( mpm ) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the pleura that typically affects individuals occupationally exposed to asbestos through a variety of industries .
mpm presents with several ct features similar to more common pleural diseases such as metastatic pleural malignancy.obj... |
while the number of proteins for which the structures are known seems to increase exponentially each year ( there are now almost 72,000 structures in the research collaboratory for structural bioinformatics [ rcsb ] protein data bank ) , only a handful of intrinsic membrane proteins are among this group , despite the f... | the determination of membrane structures presents the structural biologist with many challenges ; however , the last two years have seen major advances in our ability to resolve these structures at atomic resolution .
my goal here is to summarize some of the most recent advances that have enhanced our prospects for u... |
over 50 million women who live in areas of high malaria transmission become pregnant every year , and thousands of these women die .
women in their first and second pregnancies are at particular risk of infection with plasmodium falciparum , which is a major risk factor for maternal and foetal mortality and is implic... | pregnancy - associated malaria , a manifestation of severe malaria , is the cause of up to 200,000 infant deaths a year , through the effects of placental insufficiency leading to growth restriction and preterm delivery .
development of a vaccine is one strategy for control .
plasmodium falciparum - infected red bl... |
vaccination programs for immune activation are vital for preventing the spread of infection and decreasing the severity of infection in individual patients.1 vaccines can be administered orally or by inhalation ; however , subcutaneous , intradermal , or intramuscular injections are still the most common routes of admi... | backgroundit is necessary to establish an effective subcutaneous injection procedure for adult and elderly individuals because many drugs such as hormones and interferon are generally delivered by subcutaneous injection .
we tested whether pain during subcutaneous injection can be decreased by prior application of lo... |
patients with frequent angina ( 1 episode per week ) report greater physical limitations and decreased quality of life compared with patients with minimal angina.1 the goals of chronic stable angina management are not only to control symptoms , but also to reduce the risk of adverse clinical outcomes.26 as symptom cont... | backgroundsublingual nitroglycerin increases exercise duration in patients with stable angina .
brief results from this study were published previously in german . here , we more fully describe the study methodology , patient characteristics , and detailed results.methodsthis double - blind , crossover study enrolled... |
a number of epidemiological studies carried out around the world have shown that the prevalence of epilepsy rises rapidly above this age , even increasing beyond the other prevalence peak which appears in infancy . on the one hand , we have those patients whose epilepsy started at whatever age and who are now over 60 y... | epilepsy among the elderly is a frequently occurring pathology , differing in etiology , clinical presentation and prognosis from those of young people . in addition , beyond a certain age , physiological modifications are produced in the metabolism which alter the pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs ( aeds ) , inc... |
the recently published notice of proposed rulemaking ( nprm ) for the common rule acknowledges the potential loss of public trust associated with high - profile disputes over biospecimens collected in research , including the havasupai case and the lacks family settlement .
these events have consequences for the rese... | recent policies and proposed regulations , including the notice of proposed rulemaking for the common rule and the 2014 nih genetic data sharing policy , seek to improve research subject protections . protections for subjects whose genetic data is shared are critical to reduce risks such as loss of confidentiality , st... |
protein sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry ( ms / ms ) has evolved into a standard and widely applied method [ 1 , 2 ] . the most common approach in ms - based proteomics involves digestion with specific enzymes after performing a reduction / alkylation step , referred to as bottom - up or peptide - centric readout... | particularly in the field of middle- and top - down peptide and protein analysis , disulfide bridges can severely hinder fragmentation and thus impede sequence analysis ( coverage ) . here
we present an on - line / electrochemistry / esi - fticr - ms approach , which was applied to the analysis of the primary structu... |
one of the most common fracture pattern is a simple lateral split ( ao / ota type 41-b1.1 , schatzker type i).this type of fracture usually occurs in two different groups : young patients after high - energy trauma or elderly osteopenic patients after low - energy injuries . in the latter , a depression component is of... | abstractreliable osteosynthesis of intraarticular fractures depends on lasting interfragmentary compression .
its amount differs in the applied fixation method .
the interfragmentary compression of cancellous and cortical lag screws and angle stable locking plates was quantified in an osteoporotic and non - osteopo... |
to achieve an accurate pathological evaluation in toxicity studies , it is particularly important to know the background histopathology , that is , to be familiar with pictures of incidental findings . as
abundant studies using rats are common in laboratories , toxicological pathologists know the background data of s... | the purpose of our publication is to widely communicate the pictures of spontaneous findings occurring in beagles .
spontaneous arteritis occurs commonly in beagles .
frequent sites of arteritis are the heart , spleen , pancreas , epididymis and spinal cord .
morphological similarities between spontaneous and dru... |
experiments
were carried out using polystyrene nps with either
an anionic , carboxylate - modified or cationic , amine - modified surface
( table 1 ) .
dark , nonfluorescent nps
were used for experiments in which the np fluorescence would interfere
with the measurement .
we use the diameter supplied by th... | nanoparticles used for biological
and biomedical applications encounter
a host of extracellular proteins .
these proteins rapidly adsorb onto
the nanoparticle surface , creating a protein corona .
poly(ethylene
glycol ) can reduce , but not eliminate , the nonspecific adsorption
of proteins . as a result ... |
suicide is an important public health problem both in developing and developed countries , which accounts for more than 80000 annual deaths worldwide ( 1).in 2008 , the suicide rate for the world was reported to be 11.6 per 100,000 population ( 2 ) .
however , the number of suicide cases has been rising and it is pre... | background : suicide is a growing public health problem all over the world . understanding the prevalence of suicide and its correlates is of great importance in planning programs to reduce the risk in different societies.objectives:the present study was conducted to assess the epidemiology of suicide and its associate... |
this research work was supported by the office of the national research council of thailand and the faculty of pharmacy , silpakorn university , nakhon pathom , thailand .
| eleven heavy metals in various products of moringa oleifera were analyzed to determine eleven heavy metals ( al , as , cd , cr , cu , fe , pb , mn , hg , ni , and zn ) using inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry . the products of m. oleifera were purchased in nakhon pathom , thailand .
all products were dige... |
postcholecystectomy bilomas are relatively uncommon with a reported incidence of about 2.5% , and most often present with right upper quadrant pain and fever within seven days of the operation .
the authors report a case of a cholecystectomy performed in a 35-year - old female which resulted in a biloma , presenting ... | background : postcholecystectomy bilomas are relatively uncommon with a reported incidence of about 2.5% , and most often present with right upper quadrant pain and fever within seven days of the operation .
there are a number of approaches to the treatment of this uncommon lesion.case report : the authors report a c... |
routine vision screening evaluations , typically performed at well child visits by the pediatrician or at school by a licensed heath care personnel , are a beneficial and cost - effective means to identify children that require care from an eye specialist .
young children may be unaware and/or unable to identify prob... | objective . to ascertain if parents are familiar with current recommendations on pediatric vision screening and to assess their knowledge of the roles that pediatricians , ophthalmologists and optometrists have in this screening process
. methods .
a survey was targeted at parents to determine what the general publ... |
human
cytomegalovirus ( hcmv ) is one of the prevalent opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ( 1 ) .
this virus is regarded as the main morbidity and mortality cause in immune suppressed patients ( ie ; organ transplant recipients , human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) patien... | objective(s):human cytomegalovirus ( hcmv ) remains a major morbidity and mortality cause in immuno suppressed patients .
therefore , significant effort has been made towards the development of a vaccine . in this study ,
the expression of the pp65 and gb fusion peptides and fc domain of mouse igg2a as a novel deli... |
the sample population included 18 to 45 year old subjects living in tabriz , north - west of iran in 2009 .
a sample size of 400 subjects was estimated prior to the study according to the cochrane formula considering p as 0.04 , d as 0.02 , and as 0.05 . a two stage cluster sampling method with a probability
posta... | objectiveattention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults ( adult adhd ) is gaining more attention nowadays .
nevertheless , very few studies have addressed this issue in iran .
the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of adult adhd in tabriz , north - west of iran.methodsfour hundred urban inh... |
congenital midline nasal masses are rare developmental anomalies estimated to occur in one out of every 20,000 - 40,000 births .
a nasal dermoid cyst ( ndc ) typically presents as a midline mass located anywhere from the glabella to columella .
the majority of ndc 's are diagnosed in infancy and early childhood , b... | this is a rare anomaly of midline nasal dermoid cyst ( ndc ) along with tessier 's 0 cleft .
midline ndcs present most commonly result from aberrant embryological development , and most commonly give rise to bifid nasal deformity resulting in midline cleft of the nose .
craniofacial clefts are among the most disfig... |
the domesticated silkworm , bombyx mori , which has been reared by humans for more than 5000 years , is an agriculturally important insect and has economically important values in sericulture .
in addition , the silkworm is a key model of the lepidoptera , a group of holometabolous insects .
bombyx mori nucleopolyh... | purpose . to decipher transcriptomic changes and related genes with potential functions against bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection and to increase the understanding of the enhanced virus resistance of silkworm on the transcriptomic level . methods .
we assembled and annotated transcriptomes of the qiufeng ( s... |
esthetic considerations and dental appearance have become very important for children and adolescents , who are therefore strongly motivated to seek orthodontic treatment.1 the number of children and adolescents seeking orthodontic treatment has dramatically increased over the past few decades ; however , not all of th... | objectiveto assess and compare the severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need among young saudis receiving free treatment at public dental practices versus those paying for treatment at private practices.materials and methodsthis retrospective study evaluated the records of 300 patients ( 179 females , 121... |
cerebral white matter injury ( wmi ) is recognized as the most common form of injury to the developing brain of neonates , especially survivors of preterm birth1 ) .
although multiple factors are involved in brain injury , both infection and inflammation are well - established risks factors for wmi in the preterm pop... | that rotavirus infection can cause neurological symptoms in young children has been well established .
however , it is surprising why rotavirus infection has been overlooked as a cause of neonatal seizures for many years , despite significant research interest in neonatal rotavirus infection .
neonates are the age ... |
the conceptual emphasis of addressing the issues of the tooth or orofacial structures along with the concerns of the person involved has been the basis for providing health care in dentistry .
dental education and practice have been acknowledged as one of the most challenging , demanding , and stressful fields.1 - 4 ... | background : emotional intelligence ( ei ) is a measure of pure intelligence of cognitive ability that translates psychological knowledge into terms that are useable by people not professionally trained in psychology , like dentists.materials and methods : a cross - sectional , self - administered , structured question... |
a randomized split mouth - controlled clinical study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of curcumin strip in the treatment of chronic periodontitis compared to srp alone .
the study - related procedures were explained to the patients before they signed an informed consent form .
a total of twenty subjects ... | aim : curcumin has proven properties such as anti - inflammatory , antioxidant , antimicrobial , and it also accelerates wound healing . the purpose of this study was to investigate the level of superoxide dismutase ( sod ) enzyme , in gingival crevicular fluid ( gcf ) , and the impact of nonsurgical treatment on the a... |
repeat
expansion disorders are caused by mutations in dna where
repeats in certain genes become expanded .
once the repeats are transcribed ,
mrna ( mrna ) folds into a hairpin with repeating internal loop motifs ,
which can be translated into toxic proteins or sequester proteins
and cause disease .
one h... | myotonic dystrophy 1 ( dm1 ) is a genetic
disease caused by expansion
of ctg repeats in dna . once transcribed , these repeats form rna hairpins
with repeating 11 nucleotide uu internal loop motifs , r(cug)n , which attract muscleblind - like 1 ( mbnl1 )
protein leading to the disease . in dm1 cug
can be repe... |
the systematic review was carried out according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta - analyses ( prisma ) guidelines5 .
three databases , namely , medline / pubmed , google scholar and science direct were searched and all studies on pioglitazone carried out in india published in english l... | background & objectives : with pioglitazone ban and subsequent revoking in india along with varying regulatory decisions in other countries , it was decided to carry out a systematic review on its safety , efficacy and drug utilization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) in india and compare with the da... |
canagliflozin ( invokana ) is a novel therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus ( dm ) approved in a new class acknowledged as sodium - glucose co - transporter 2 ( sglt2 ) inhibitors .
canagliflozin inhibits the glucose reabsorption by the kidney , increasing glucose elimination and reducing blood glucose levels in diabe... | canagliflozin ( invokana ) is an innovative treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus ( dm ) approved in a new class acknowledged as sodium - glucose co - transporter 2 inhibitors .
acute pancreatitis is a very rare side effect with an incidence < 1% . a 50-year - old white male with dm type 2 presented to the emergency... |
with the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) , the life expectancy of hiv - infected persons in the united states has increased markedly .
hiv - infected persons are at higher risk for cancer compared with the general population [ 2 , 3 ] .
utilization of highly active antiretroviral th... | the objective of this study was to explore the cancer incidence rates among hiv - infected persons with commercial insurance who were on antiretroviral therapy and compare them with those rates in the general population .
paid health insurance claims for 63,221 individuals 18 years or older , with at least one claim ... |
according to analyses of the world health organization ( who ) , more than 800 000 people died from suicide in 2012 , and the number of attempted suicides is estimated to be about 20 times higher .
however , the lethality of suicidal behavior is clearly higher in males , resulting in higher rates of completed suicide... | more than 800 000 people die every year from suicide , and about 20 times more attempt suicide . in most countries
, suicide risk is highest in older males , and risk of attempted suicide is highest in younger females .
the higher lethal level of suicidal acts in males is explained by the preference for more lethal... |
multiple myeloma ( mm ) is a neoplasm of plasma cells accounting for 1015% of hematopoietic neoplasms .
it is more common in people of african descent , occurring twice as frequently compared to caucasians .
plasma cell leukemia ( pcl ) is a very rare type of mm characterized by high numbers ( > 20% ) of circulatin... | plasma cell leukemia ( pcl ) is an uncommon neoplasm of plasma cells , with an aggressive clinical course and poor outcome , even with current standard of care .
it can occur either de novo ( primary pcl ) or as a progression of multiple myeloma ( mm ) .
this disease has unique diagnostic criteria but certain genet... |
the entry of contaminants into the environment due to human and natural activities is one of the most important issues facing today 's communities . due to the industrial and economic growth and
the production of a variety of compounds and chemicals followed by increased consumption man makes some unwanted pollutants... | this study was carried out to examine heavy metals concentration in water and sediment of upstream and downstream of the entry of the sewage to the tembi river , iran .
samples were collected from upstream and downstream and were analyzed for cd , cr , cu , fe , pb , ni , and zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometer... |
chemotherapy remains the
main treatment option for most cancers
despite of its limitations , such as systemic toxicity , severe side
effects , and limited efficacy .
the major reason for chemotherapy failure
is poor delivery of drug to cancer cells and/or intracellular targets .
there are a number of barrie... | multidrug
resistance ( mdr ) remains one of the biggest obstacles
for effective cancer therapy .
currently there are only few methods
that are available clinically that are used to bypass mdr with very
limited success . in this review
we describe how mdr can be overcome
by a simple yet effective approach ... |
palatal myoclonus is a movement disorder in which there are rhythmic jerky movements of the soft palate .
it is generally classified as somatosound or objective tinnitus and is rare compared to sensorineural tinnitus or subjective tinnitus .
according to etiologic factors , platal myoclonus has been classified as t... | palatal myoclonus is a rare condition in which there are rhythmic jerky movements of the soft palate and sometimes of the other muscles innervated by the brainstem a particularly annoying symptom is a rhythmic clicking sound in the ear due to the opening and closing of the eustachian tube .
orofacial buccal dystonia ... |
urinary tract infections ( utis ) account for 8.3 million doctor visits yearly in the united states and are the second most common type of infection in the body .
it is one of the most serious health problems affecting millions of people each year .
utis include acute as well as chronic cystitis , prostatitis , pye... | objective .
urinary tract infections ( uti ) are the most common problem in clinical practice . usually they are asymptomatic and are commonly present with distressing symptoms like pain and burning sensation on urination .
antibiotics are widely used to treat utis ; however , they have their own limitations like r... |
jacob arthurin 1827 first coined the term rodent ulcer to describe what we now know as a basal cell carcinoma ( bcc ) .
it is the most common cutaneous malignancy worldwide , accounting for 6575% of all skin cancers .
gross differences are noted in the percentage of skin cancer in the asians ( 24% ) and blacks ( ... | objectives .
although the incidence of skin cancers in india ( part of south asia ) is low , the absolute number of cases may be significant due to large population .
the existing literature on bcc in india is scant .
so , this study was done focusing on its epidemiology , risk factors , and clinicopathological a... |
this review presents a brief overview of the health effects and exposures of two criteria pollutants -- ozone and particulate matter -- and two toxic air pollutants -- benzene and formaldehyde .
these pollutants were selected from the six criteria pollutants and from the 189 toxic air pollutants on the basis of their... | |
anesthesia has the potential to induce physiological changes that may lead to morbidity and mortality . as a result
a number of investigators , however , have reported that anesthesia - related mortality rates have declined over the past two decades .
this decrease has been attributed to a variety of safety improve... | this systematic review of the brazilian and worldwide literature aims to evaluate the incidence and causes of perioperative and anesthesia - related mortality .
studies were identified by searching the medline and scielo databases , followed by a manual search for relevant articles .
our review includes studies pub... |
a functioning vascular access is essential for effective delivery of hemodialysis and , understandably , lack of vascular access or complications developing in an existing vascular access are associated with significant patient morbidity .
thrombosis is one of the most common complications associated with autologous ... | a functioning vascular access is crucial to the wellbeing of patients on hemodialysis .
thrombosis is the most common complication of arteriovenous fistula ( avf ) resulting in late fistula failure ; its treatment is difficult , and results are often suboptimal .
interventional treatment of avf thrombosis may not b... |
host - seeking mosquitoes were collected in and around grand forks , north dakota , by using mosquito magnet traps ( american biophysics corp . , north kingston , ri , usa ) for 4 transmission seasons , from early summer 2002 through fall 2005 .
mosquitoes were sorted by species and tested for wnv by using reverse tr... | west nile virus ( wnv ) epizootiology was monitored from 2002 through 2005 in the area surrounding grand forks , north dakota .
mosquitoes were tested for infection , and birds were surveyed for antibodies . in 2003 , wnv was epidemic ; in 2004 , cool temperatures precluded wnv amplification ; and in 2005 , immunity ... |
after intravenous administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) to rats , polymorphonuclear neutrophils ( pmns ) rapidly accumulate in the liver , and midzonal hepatic necrosis is prominent by 6 hr .
pmns are required for the development of hepatic injury in rats .
certain polychlorinated biphenyls ( pcbs ... | |
keishibukuryogan ( kbg , gui - zhi - fu - ling - wan in chinese ) is one of the kampo medicines , and has been widely administered to patients with blood stagnation for improving blood circulation .
it was reported that kbg improves conjunctional microcirculation in patients with cerebrospinal vascular diseases , thu... | keishibukuryogan ( kbg ) is one of the traditional herbal formulations widely administered to patients with blood stagnation for improving blood circulation ; currently , it is the most frequently prescribed medicine in japan .
kbg has been reported to improve conjunctional microcirculation .
the aim of this study ... |
spondylocostal dysostosis ( scdo ) is a rare , heritable axial skeleton growth disorder characterized by malformed vertebral column and ribs , abridged thorax , and kyphoscoliosis .
we present here an infant with scdo with neural tube defect who underwent lipomyelomeningocele excision and detethering of the cord .
... | spondylocostal dysostosis ( scdo ) is rare anomaly caused due to flawed embryological development of the axial skeleton during preliminary stages of gravidity , characterized by malformed vertebral column and ribs , abridged thorax and kyphoscoliosis .
this entity was also reported as a jarcho levin syndrome
epon... |
since the introduction of two cognitive - behavioral models of social anxiety in the 1990s ( clark and wells 1995 ; rapee and heimberg 1997 ) , a proliferation of studies have focused on the cognitive aspects of social anxiety as described in these models ( schultz and heimberg 2008 ) .
the cognitive - behavioral mod... | we review studies that investigate negative social cognitions of socially anxious youth in relation to two specific domains : interpretation of ambiguous social situations and self - evaluation of social performance , including social skills and nervous behaviors . in this review ,
we address the question whether soc... |
neurilemmoma is defined as " a neoplasm that arises from schwann cells of the cranial , peripheral , and autonomic nerves " .
clinically , these tumors may present as cranial neuropathy , abdominal or soft tissue mass , intracranial lesion , or spinal cord compression .
the terminology regarding neurilemmoma may be... | we report a case of neurilemmoma of deep peroneal nerve sensory branch that triggered sensory change with compression test on lower extremity .
after resection of tumor , there are evoked thermal changes on pre- and post - operative infrared ( ir ) thermographic images . a 52-year - old female presented with low back... |
recently , nanostructure mesoporous materials have attracted much attention for development of catalytic and adsorption systems .
mesoporous materials have often been functionalized by adding noble ligands to improve their physical and chemical properties [ 13 ] .
santa barbara amorphous ( sba-15 ) is a highly orde... | in the present work , results of -irradiation on normal and functionalized sba-15 by aurintricarboxylic acid have been reported .
characterization of normal and functionalized sba-15 particles before and after -irradiation was carried out using fourier - transform infrared technique .
aurintricarboxylic acid ligand... |
kyrle 's disease ( kd ) is a rare skin disorder characterized by transepidermal elimination of abnormal keratin .
it is classified as a subtype of acquired perforating dermatosis along with reactive perforating collagenosis , elastosis perforans serpiginosa and perforating folliculitis .
it is commonly seen in pati... | kyrle 's disease ( kd ) is an acquired perforating dermatosis associated with an underlying disorder such as diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure .
it presents as multiple discrete , eruptive papules with a central crust or plug , often on the lower extremities .
a keratotic plug is seen histologically in an ... |
lipomasare slow growing fatty tumours of mesenchymal origin and can occur in any organ of the body .
spindlecell lipomas ( scls ) are lipoma variants which have the potential of neuromuscular invasion despite their benign histopathology .
this case report highlights a spindle cell lipoma variant in the supraclavicu... | background . spindle cell lipoma ( scl ) is a benign lipomatous tumour , typically occurring in the posterior neck , shoulder or upper back of elderly males .
they compose of fat , cd34 positive spindle cells , and ropey collagen on a myxoid matrix .
this case highlights a rare presentation of scl and the need for ... |
we conducted a preliminary comparison of the relative sensitivity of a cross - section of published hrv - specific pcr primer pairs ( most of which were first published before hrv - c was reported ) , independent of most variables described above , by testing a panel of 57 clinical specimen nucleic acid extracts from c... | we conducted a preliminary comparison of the relative sensitivity of a cross - section of published human rhinovirus ( hrv)specific pcr primer pairs , varying the oligonucleotides and annealing temperature .
none of the pairs could detect all hrvs in 2 panels of genotyped clinical specimens ; > 1 pcr is required for ... |
during the first decade of the 21st century , global health became prominent on the international political agenda ( fidler , 2005 ) and international financial assistance for health increased substantially ( institute for health metrics and evaluation , 2010 ) . according to fidler ( 2005 )
this was nothing less tha... | the first decade of the new millennium saw an upsurge in global financing for health .
when the world took stock of progress on the millennium development goals in mid-2010 the one addressing maternal health showed the least progress .
did maternal health miss the boat ?
in mid-2010 the secretary - general of the... |
the intra - aortic balloon pump ( iabp ) is used to increase myocardial oxygen perfusion , while at the same time increasing cardiac output and decreasing the workload of the ventricle .
several parameters affect iabp treatment , such as the volume of the balloon , its location in the aorta , its rate of inflation an... | to quantify the reduction in workload during intra - aortic balloon pump ( iabp ) therapy , indirect parameters are used , such as the mean arterial pressure during diastole , product of heart rate and peak systolic pressure , and pressure - volume area .
therefore , we investigated the cardiac energy consumption dur... |
snoring is caused by vibration of the soft tissue during sleep while breathing within extrathoracal respiratory tract .
pathological reasons for the noise include tension loss in the oropharyngeal muscle due to disturbed innervation , degenerative processes , tumours , and changes in the mucous membranes . in gener... | oral appliances have long been used to treat snoring and mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea .
this kind of treatment is considered an alternative , non - invasive treatment option .
mandibular protrusive appliances enlarge and stabilise the oro- and hypo - pharyngeal airway space by advancing the mandible , ... |
as the global suicide rate increases by 60% in 50 years in the underdeveloped and developing countries , paraphenylenediamine ( ppd ) poisoning is emerging as an important etiological factor reported from india .
ppd ingestion is a very common form of poisoning in india as this compound is a component of hair dyes an... | the commonest constituent of all hair dyes is paraphenylene diamine ( ppd ) .
hair dye poisoning is emerging as one of the emerging causes of intentional self - poisoning to commit suicide . in this article
, we report a case of ppd poisoning and the importance of clinical of hair dye poisoning .
the lack of spec... |
crystal nucleation in liquids has countless practical consequences
in science and technology , and it also affects our everyday experience .
one obvious example is the formation of ice , which influences global
phenomena such as climate change , as well as
processes happening at the nanoscale , such as intracel... | the nucleation of
crystals in liquids is one of nature s
most ubiquitous phenomena , playing an important role in areas such
as climate change and the production of drugs .
as the early stages
of nucleation involve exceedingly small time and length scales , atomistic
computer simulations can provide unique ... |
the prevalence varies between 0.6% and 1.3% in various series.1)2 ) anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus of valsalva represents small fraction of these anomalies.3 ) although most instances of anomalous origin of the coronary artery are unlikely to have any clinical sequelae , a few are potenti... | anomalous origin of a coronary artery is rare and does not generally lead to myocardial infarction and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia ( psvt ) .
we report an uncommon case of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery ( rca ) originating from the left sinus of valsalva with psvt and myocardial ischemia . ... |
postural control is essential in performance of independent activities of daily living in
stroke patients1 .
postural control is
defined as the ability to maintain the center of mass ( com ) within the base of support with
minimal postural sway , and the sensory systems ( visual , somatosensory , and vestibular... | [ purpose ] the purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between
postural sway and dynamic balance in post stroke patients . [ subjects ] thirty - one stroke
patients ( 20 men and 11 women ; age 64.25 years ; stroke duration 12.70 months ; mmse - k score
26.35 ) participated in this study... |
bone involvement in epithelial ovarian cancer is very unusual , with several series noting an incidence of < 2% [ 1 , 2 ] .
a recently encountered ovarian cancer patient who was found to have significant bone involvement at the time of disease recurrence , after an extended treatment - free interval , emphasizes the ... | bone involvement is uncommon in epithelial ovarian cancer . in this report , a case of bone metastases from ovarian cancer
is described and the potential risk factors for such a rare occurrence are discussed .
it is possible that such an event will become more common in the future as patients with advanced ovarian ... |
the original investigations showed that ced-3 and ced-4 genes play essential roles in either the initiation or execution of the cell death program during the development of the model organism nematode caenorhabditis elegans ( c. elegans ) .
further study proposed that ced-3 acts as a cysteine protease in controlling ... | caspases , a family of aspartate - specific cysteine proteases , play a major role in apoptosis and a variety of physiological and pathological processes .
fourteen mammalian caspases have been identified and can be divided into two groups : inflammatory caspases and apoptotic caspases . based on the structure and fu... |
trypanosomiasis has been endemic in zambia for a long time . the great african rinderpest pandemic which wiped out most of the ungulate population in the late 1880s contributed to the decline of the wildlife and tsetse distribution in zambia [ 1 , 2 ] . as a result , eastern zambia was largely free of tsetse making cat... | trypanosomiasis has been endemic in wildlife in zambia for more than a century .
the disease has been associated with neurological disorders in humans .
current conservation strategies by the zambian government of turning all game reserves into state - protected national parks ( nps ) and game management areas ( gm... |
addiction is one of the most important health problems in the world , specially in iran ( 1 ) , and many factors are related to onset and maintenance of this common disorder . since the ancient times , philosophers and scientists have known loneliness as one of the most complex psychological phenomena . at that time lo... | background : loneliness is one of the psychological variables related to high risk behaviors that should be investigated more.objectives:the current study aimed to assess emotional , social , romantic , and familial dimensions of loneliness in drug abuser and nondrug abuser individuals.patients and methods : two hundre... |
rhodiola rosea ( r. rosea ) is an herb that grows in mountainous regions of north america , europe , and asia .
it has been used in traditional folk medicine for centuries as a treatment for fatigue and mood disorders .
r. rosea has been extensively studied by scientists in the former soviet union and has predomina... | the aim of this study was to examine the effect of acute rhodiola rosea ( r. rosea ) ingestion on substrate utilisation ,
mood state , rpe , and exercise affect .
ten males ( mean age s.d .
= 26 6 years ) completed two 30-minute cycling trials at an intensity of 70% of vo2max following ingestion of either 3 mg... |
postprandial glucose homeostasis is controlled by insulin release in response to the absorbed nutrients and to gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( gip ) and glucagon - like peptide 1 ( glp-1 ) [ 14 ] , which are responsible for the so - called incretin effect , that is , the enhanced insulin secretion after oral versus in... | glucose - dependent insulinotropic peptide ( gip ) is an incretin hormone produced in the gastrointestinal tract that stimulates glucose dependent insulin secretion .
impaired incretin response has been documented in diabetic patients and was mainly related to the inability of the pancreatic beta cells to secrete ins... |
beta - thalassemia major is an autosomal recessive hereditary anemia , which is incurable , caused by defective synthesis of hemoglobin , ineffective erytropoiesis and rapid erythrocyte breakdown , resulting in advanced heart failure and death in early childhood[1 , 2 ] .
the combination of transfusion and chelation ... | objectivehypothyroidism usually appears in the second decade of life and is thought to be associated with iron overload in patients with thalassemia major .
this study aimed to evaluate thyroid dysfunctions in patients with beta - thalassemia major and to see if they appear in the earlier period of life.methodsthyroi... |
juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( jia ) is a chronic and progressive inflammatory arthritis of childhood which often results in persistent and disabling foot impairments [ 13 ] .
synovitis , has a predilection for the lower limb joints and results in well - recognised clinical features including joint pain , swelling ,... | highlights foot kinematics were compared between children with and without juvenile idiopathic arthritis .
gait measurements and ultrasound features were explored as measures of structure and function .
magnitude and timing parameters for foot kinetics and pressure distribution were similar .
foot function did no... |
in the last decade , the prevalence of dementia was rapidly growing with a considerable impact on daily live of all involved parties including the broader community . due to the overcrowd in residential care and to emotional restraints in family carers to have their relative with dementia admitted ,
dementia patients... | objective . caring for a patient with cognitive decline has an important impact on the general well - being of family caregivers .
although highly appreciated , interventions in dementia home care remain mainly ineffective in terms of well - being .
consequently , in spite of an extensive support system , abrupt en... |
morphological changes including disruptions of sarcomeres , cytoskeletal elements , and sarcolemma are accompanied by muscle damage .
loss of muscle function such as reduced force production , an indirect marker of muscle damage , is followed by delayed - onset muscle soreness ( doms ) and leakage of muscle proteins ... | [ purpose]the purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between ck variability and body composition and muscle damage markers following eccentric exercise.[methods]total 119 healthy male subjects were recruited to perform 50 eccentric contractions consisted of 2 sets of 25 contractions .
then , blood c... |
angiomatosis is a complex vascular malformation of infancy and childhood consisting of proliferating blood vessels with accompanying mature fat , fibrous tissue , lymphatics and nerves which may involve skin , subcutaneous tissue , skeletal muscle and occasionally bone .
it is extremely rare and benign but a clinical... | angiomatosis is a diffuse vascular lesion which involves a large segment of the body in a contiguous fashion involving multiple tissues ( e.g. subcutis , muscle , bone , adipose tissue etc . ) in different planes .
such lesions usually present in the first two decades of life with female predilection and are commonly... |
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is the largest killer of women internationally . women often suffer inferior outcomes following an acute cardiac event as compared to men and are often diagnosed less promptly and treated less aggressively .
fewer women attend cardiac rehabilitation ( cr ) than men , despite its proven ... | cardiovascular disease is the largest killer of women internationally and women often suffer inferior outcomes following an acute cardiac event as compared to men .
a gendered approach to investigating cardiovascular disease in women incorporates the unique social , cultural , and economic circumstances that being a ... |
clostridium perfringens , which was previously known as clostridium welchii , is a gram - positive , anaerobic , non - motile rod - shaped bacterium and is able to form environmentally resistant spores ( 1 ) .
this ubiquitous microorganism could be found in a variety of habitats such as soil , water and lower mammals... | background and objectives : clostridium perfringens , a gram - positive obligate anaerobic bacterium , is able to form resistant spores which are widely distributed in the environment .
c. perfringens is subdivided into five types a to e based on its four major alpha , beta , epsilon and iota toxins .
the aim of th... |
coronary heart disease ( chd ) is the second leading cause of death among chinese adults now - a - day .
health - related quality of life ( hrqol ) is useful for assessing the socio - economic impact and burden of illness , effectiveness of interventions and treatments , and long - term mortality among patients after... | background : although coronary heart disease ( chd ) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases , risk factors associated with the health - related quality of life ( hrqol ) of chd patients remain unclear .
the present study was designed to determine the profile and significant factors of the hrqol in chd patients.m... |
infantile hemangiomas ( ihs ) are common , benign vascular tumors of infancy , 5060% of which affect the head and neck area .
although usually innocuous and self - limiting , they can cause serious complications such as airway compromise , visual loss , severe anemia , and high - output cardiac failure . till recentl... | infantile hemangiomas ( ihs ) are common , benign vascular tumors of infancy , with more than half affecting the head and neck region .
ihs involving the lips and oral cavity can often present to the oral surgeon and the pedodontist . till date ,
several doubts exist among clinicians regarding the use of propranolo... |
a 15-year - old adolescent ( weight , 46 kg ; height , 162 cm ) had a medical history of hypertension , cyclic headache , and vomiting for 10 years without an awareness of his medical condition .
thereafter , he demonstrated a seizure with subcortical ich in the left frontal area 6 weeks before the surgery .
he was... | a 15-year - old adolescent with unilateral multiple adrenal pheochromocytoma had an episode of subcortical intracerebral hemorrhage and seizure 6 weeks before the surgery .
he was pretreated with terazosin , losartan , atenolol and levetiracetam for 2 weeks .
dexmedetomidine was started in the preoperative waiting ... |
due to its significant ability to up - regulate or acquire resistant determinants , there are serious challenges associated with choosing and monitoring appropriate antibiotic treatments ( 1 ) . although carbapenems are generally considered to be the most promising antibiotic to use against acinetobacter baumannii , th... | background : the acinetobacter species , particularly a. baumannii , has emerged as one of the main causes of nosocomial infections in recent years . the high prevalence of drug resistance in a. baumannii limits the therapeutic options for treating infections caused by these bacteria .
the objective of this study was... |
before the introduction of diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) , accurate evaluation of the ascending reticular activating system ( aras ) in the live human brain was limited .
recently , diffusion tensor tractography ( dtt ) , which is derived from dti , has enabled 3-dimensional reconstruction and estimation of the ar... | abstractwe report on patients with post - traumatic fatigue and hypersomnia who showed injury of the lower portion of the ascending reticular activating system ( aras ) between the pontine reticular formation ( rf ) and the intralaminar thalamic nucleus ( iln ) following mild traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) , using diff... |
sarcoma is a heterogeneous group of cancers of the soft tissue and bone , and some are extremely rare . the rarity and diverse characteristics of sarcomas has impeded the development of new treatments .
doxorubicin and ifosfamide , either alone or in combination , have been the backbone of metastatic soft tissue sarc... | purposethe combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel ( gd ) is used to effectively treat patients with soft tissue sarcoma ( sts ) .
it is widely considered that the conventional doses used are too high for long term use and many patients must discontinue gd treatment due to its toxicity .
therefore , to determine t... |
adolescents constitute 20% of the world population and are estimated to be 1.13 billion by the year 2025 .
adolescence is a period of rapid growth and development by which up to 45% of skeletal growth takes place and 15 to 25% of adult height is achieved [ 1 , 3 ] .
in addition to the increased nutritional requirem... | introduction . despite the fact that adolescence is a window of opportunity to break the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition , adolescents are the neglected age groups .
hence information regarding the nutritional status of adolescents is lacking making creating and implementing intervention programs difficult . ... |
anaplastic thyroid cancer ( atc ) is one of the most aggressive tumours known in medicine .
even though a multimodal approach is used in treating these patients , average survival rate is expressed in months , and one - year survival is 15% [ 1 , 2 ] .
fortunately , atc is a very rare malignancy with an incidence o... | background . anaplastic thyroid cancer ( atc ) is a form of thyroid cancer with very poor prognosis , but is fortunately quite rare .
its aetiology is unknown and not well researched .
aim .
the aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors for atc .
material and method .
case - control study of 12... |
expansion and proliferation of insulin - secreting beta cells in pancreatic islets is a key highly regulated mechanism for establishing , maintaining , and adapting islet function to meet organism physiological demands .
understanding how the pieces of this mechanism fit together could improve development of islet re... | the arf / ink4a ( cdkn2a ) locus includes the linked tumour suppressor genes p16ink4a and p14arf ( p19arf in mice ) that trigger the antiproliferative activities of both rb and p53 .
with beta cell self - replication being the primary source for new beta cell generation in adult animals , the network by which beta ce... |
lupus mastitis presents as single or multiple subcutaneous or deep breast masses , clinically mimicking malignancy [ figure 1 ] .
lupus mastitis presenting as the initial manifestation of lupus erythematosus ( le ) is very rare .
later , she developed discoid le ( dle ) lesions on breast and other sites without any... | lupus mastitis is an uncommon presentation of lupus erythematosus profundus ( le profundus ) , characterized by inflammation of the subcutaneous fat .
le profundus occurring as initial manifestation of le is rare .
we report a case where the patient presented with lupus mastitis and years later , she developed diss... |
human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells ( msc ) , known for their multilineage differentiation potential , possess pleiotropic immunosuppressive functions that are partly mediated by expression of the tryptophan - catabolizing enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase ( ido ) [ 14 ] . upon stimulation with inflammatory cy... | human mesenchymal stromal cells ( msc ) possess immunosuppressive and antimicrobial effects that are partly mediated by the tryptophan - catabolizing enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase ( ido ) .
therefore msc represent a promising novel cellular immunosuppressant which has the potential to control steroid - refractor... |
bilateral hearing loss represents a great disability for patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 ( nf2 ) and patients with vestibular schwannoma ( vs ) in the only hearing ear .
the treatment for vs patients ( unilateral and bilateral ) is diverse , including observation , surgery , and radiotherapy .
treatment of t... | cochlear implants are a new surgical option in the hearing rehabilitation of patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 ( nf2 ) and patients with vestibular schwannoma ( vs ) in the only hearing ear .
auditory brainstem implant ( abi ) has been the standard surgical treatment for these patients .
we performed a literat... |
regular home oral care and a yearly dental check - up are the best means for saving one s own teeth , but it appears that in spite of the information on adequate dental care provided by the dental professional and the mass media many people fail to take these precautions . although social factors are included in severa... | objective : regular home care and yearly dental check - ups are the best means of dental care . in spite of the information on dental care , many people fail to take these precautions .
the objective of this study was to determine the barriers in regular dental care and home care and to assess their association with ... |
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