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video 1left paraaortic , inframesenteric lymphadenectomy supported by icg labelling in cervical cancer.video 1 left paraaortic , inframesenteric lymphadenectomy supported by icg labelling in cervical cancer .
superior hypogastric plexus ( shg ) contains mainly sympathetic and most probably also postganglionic parasympathetic fibers . thus , surgical damage of shg may cause autonomic pelvic organ dysfunction ( kraima et al . , 2015 ) . as already shown for rectal cancer , preservation of the autonomic nerves is facilitat...
the atlantic codex ( ac ) is the largest collection of drawings and writings by leonardo da vinci , including 1,119 pages collected in 12 volumes , and it is currently preserved at the biblioteca ambrosiana in milan . the sheets ( 64.5 43.5 cm ) were assembled in no particular order and cover a long period of leona...
following the discovery of discoloration on some pages of the atlantic codex ( ac ) of leonardo da vinci kept in the biblioteca ambrosiana in milan , some investigations have been carried out to verify the presence of microorganisms , such as bacteria and fungi . to verify the presence of microorganisms a noninvasive m...
uterine synechiae or asherman 's syndrome is a condition which can cause infertility , menstrual abnormalities , and recurrent pregnancy losses that occurs due to a partial or complete closure of the uterine cavity and/or the cervical canal ( 1 ) . moreover , this obliteration may be a direct outcome of surgical endo...
background : uterine synechiae or asherman 's syndrome is a condition that can cause infertility . the present experimental study was designed to establish the rabbit as an animal model for human asherman 's syndrome using the endometrial curettage.methods:in an experimental study , female adult rabbits ( n=18 ) were r...
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system in which communication between the brain and other parts of the body is disrupted . its effects can range from relatively benign in most cases to somewhat disabling and then to devastating for some people . during an ms attack , inflam...
chinese scalp acupuncture is a contemporary acupuncture technique with just 40 years of history . it integrates traditional chinese needling methods with western medical knowledge of the cerebral cortex and has been proven to be a very effective technique for treating multiple sclerosis ( ms ) and other central nervo...
hepatic portal venous gas ( hpvg ) was first described in 1955 in an infant with fatal necrotizing enterocolitis , and subsequently reported in adults . it is a rare condition with numerous etiologies , including bowel infarction , necrotizing enterocolitis , closed loop obstructions , acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis ...
abstracthepatic portal venous gas is a rare condition that occurs when intraluminal gas or gas produced by intestinal bacteria enters the portal venous circulation . it has recently been recognized as a rare complication of colon procedures by endoscopy or barium enema . given the frequency of these procedures in p...
among the many causes of dyspnea associated with ph in a patient with history of cancer , paraneoplastic thrombotic pe is the most common aetiology and must be considered in priority . but tumour cells can metastasize in the pulmonary vasculature in three mechanisms : occlusion of the small pulmonary arteries , pulmo...
abstracta 72yearold woman with history of breast cancer only treated surgically was referred to our department for pulmonary hypertension ( ph ) suspicion . echocardiogram revealed elevated right ventricular systolic pressure . computed tomography ( ct ) angiogram showed no pulmonary embolism ( pe ) , but lung scan...
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is among the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide . the prevalence of nafld in the general population of western countries is 2030% . within the spectrum of nafld , only nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( nash ) most patients with nafld have risk factors such ...
summarysirtuins are members of the silent information regulator 2 ( sir2 ) family , a group of class iii histone / protein deacetylases . there are 7 different sirtuins in mammals ( sirt1 - 7 ) , of which sirt1 is the best known and most studied . sirt1 is responsible for the regulation of protein activation by mea...
early in the history of ct scanning , specialized windowing was found to be beneficial for the analysis of bone lesions . becker et al 1 demonstrated in 1978 that more calvarial metastases were detected with bone windows than with brain windows . the human eye distinguishes a limited number of shades of grey and th...
objective . the default window setting on pet / ct workstations is soft tissue . this study investigates whether bone windowing and hybrid fdg pet / ct can help differentiate between malignant and benign primary bone tumors.materials and methods . a database review included 98 patients with malignant ( n=64 ) or ...
the automated gravitational vario flow system was constructed in order to reduce the risk of fluid intravasation while using gravity for uterine distention during continuous flow hysteroscopic procedures . it provides linear regulation , definition and measurement of intrauterine pressure by simply pressing the pedal...
objective : the automated gravitational vario flow system with weighing - based electronic fluid deficit indicator was used in order to reduce the risk of fluid intravasation during continuous flow hysteroscopic procedures . early experiences are reported.methods:between august 1996 and july 1997 , the vario flow wit...
human skeletal muscle tissue displays specific cellular architecture easily damaged during individual existence , requiring multiple resources for regeneration . congruent with local prerequisites , heterogeneous muscle stem cells ( muscs ) are present in the muscle interstitium . in this study , we aimed to characte...
msos is a formatted text - messaging system that enables communications between healthcare facility workers and ministry of health managers and uses a web - based portal to monitor disease notifications and response actions taken by health managers ( figure 1 ; online technical appendix , http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/artic...
we conducted a randomized , controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a text - messaging system used for notification of disease outbreaks in kenya . health facilities that used the system had more timely notifications than those that did not ( 19.2% vs. 2.6% ) , indicating that technology can enhance disease sur...
the onset of labour is associated with changes in gene expression in the myometrium consistent with activation of inflammatory mediators and leukocyte chemotaxis [ 1 , 2 ] . the uterine expression of the chemokine il8 increases dramatically with the onset of term and preterm labour [ 3 , 4 ] and is thought to promote...
the uterine expression of the chemokine il8 increases dramatically with the onset of labour both at term and preterm . the il8 promoter contains binding sites for the transcription factors nuclear factor - kappa b ( nfb ) , activator protein-1 ( ap-1 ) , and ccaat / enhancer - binding protein ( cebp ) . in this study...
there is a high comorbidity of schizophrenia and obsessive - compulsory disorder ( ocd ) associated with more severe symptoms . we report about a 48-old women treated for depression which developed successively psychotic symptoms ( ideas of reference , psychotic worries ) , negative symptoms ( blunted affect , impove...
objectivethere is a high comorbidity of schizophrenia and obsessive - compulsory disorder ( ocd ) associated with more severe symptoms . standard pharmacotherapy achieve symptom improvement in approximately 60% only.resultswe report about a 48-old women treated for depression which developed successively psychotic sy...
immunotherapy is a new class of cancer treatment that works to harness the innate powers of the immune system to fight cancer . major conceptual and technical advances in immunology have led to a new understanding of cellular and molecular interplays between the immune system and a tumor over the past decades [ 1 - 3...
backgroundcancer immunotherapy attempts to stimulate the immune system to reject and destroy tumors and is one of the cancer treatment strategies . recently , interluekin36 ( il36 ) has been used as immunotherapeutic agents in cancer gene therapy . present study investigated that the il36 gene therapy effects on th...
distance measurements by pulsed dipolar electron paramagnetic resonance ( epr ) spectroscopy are a standard tool for generating distance constraints for structural modelling . the pulsed electron electron double resonance ( peldor or deer for double electron electron resonance ) developments in commercial hardware ...
nanometre distance measurements by pulsed electron electron double resonance ( peldor ) spectroscopy have become an increasingly important tool in structural biology . the theoretical underpinning of the experiment is well defined for systems containing two nitroxide spin - labels ( spin pairs ) ; however , recentl...
meditation is one of the well - known practices which bestows increased attention and deep internal relaxation . since 1960s several researches have been performed to observe the effect of meditation in practitioners versus nonpractitioners . it is a meditation in which one obtains mastery over one 's unruly mind t...
background : mindfulness along with breathing is a well - established meditation technique . breathing is an exquisite tool for exploring subtle awareness of mind and life itself.aim:this study aimed at measuring changes in the different parameters of electrophotonic imaging ( epi ) in anapanasati meditators.material...
solid oxide fuel cells ( sofcs ) are very promising as a source for sustainable and renewable power generation . despite the efforts of researchers worldwide , a more detailed , atomic scale understanding of the elementary , interface controlled processes of sofcs is necessary to tailor their performance an...
we employed operando anomalous surface x - ray diffraction to investigate the buried interface between the cathode and the electrolyte of a model solid oxide fuel cell with atomic resolution . the cell was studied under different oxygen pressures at elevated temperatures and polarizations by external potentia...
following the first report of 2009 pandemic influenza a ( h1n1 ; hereafter referred to h1n1 2009 ) in april 2009 , the infection became a pandemic . the drugs of choice for the treatment and prophylaxis of h1n1 2009 are neuraminidase inhibitors including oseltamivir ( tamiflu [ roche ] ) and zanamivir ( relenza [ gla...
it has been suggested that oseltamivir - resistant influenza viruses harboring the h274/275y mutation are less virulent than are those that are oseltamivir - sensitive , and fatality attributed to infection with an oseltamivir - resistant virus is very rare . here we report the first fatal adult case of oseltamivir -...
obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( osas ) is a highly prevalent disorder affecting about 4% of adults , and is associated with repetitive episodes of transient oxygen desaturation during sleep . osas is an independent risk factor for a number of cardiovascular diseases [ 24 ] . although uppp expands pharyngeal cavi...
backgroundadequate sedation is important in the post - anesthesia care unit ( pacu ) following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty ( uppp ) to ensure patient comfort and decrease the duration of mechanical ventilation ( mv ) , pacu stay , and bleeding . this study aimed to compare dexmedetomidine and propofol as sedatives afte...
patients with behet 's disease often need intraocular surgeries for the treatment of secondary cataract or glaucoma . this study aims to report the clinical course before and after the intraocular surgeries of 5 patients who were systematically treated with infliximab . seven eyes of 5 male patients with behet 's ...
purposepatients with behet 's disease often need intraocular surgeries for the treatment of secondary cataract or glaucoma . this study aims to report the clinical course before and after the intraocular surgeries of 5 patients who were systematically treated with infliximab.methodsretrospective case series.resultsseve...
queen elizabeth hospital in blantyre , malawi , is a teaching hospital offering free services to a population of approximately 1 million . from 2006 until 2009 , 3 prospective adult ( age 16 years ) meningitis studies were conducted at the hospital ; a randomized controlled trial of adjunctive oral glycerol in bacteria...
mortality from adult bacterial meningitis exceeds 50% in sub - saharan africa . we postulated that particularly in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv)herpes simplex virus , varicella zoster virus , epstein - barr virus ( ebv ) , and cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) in the cerebrospinal fluid ( csf )...
transcatheter aortic valve implantation ( tavi ) is a catheter - based treatment for patients with aortic stenosis ( as ) who are considered poor candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement ( avr ) . although it is increasingly being considered the standard of care in such patients , not all patients receive tav...
aimsto assess treatment decision and outcome in patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation ( tavi ) in addition to predictive factors of mortality after tavi.methodsthree-centre prospective observational study including 358 patients . endpoints were defined according to the valve academic research ...
the genus passiflora comprises about 500 species which are mostly woody vines that present a huge diversity in flower shape , colors and sizes . consequently it is a good model for studying plant - pollinator interactions and co - evolution , since it displays all kinds of pollination syndromes . although this dive...
the flowers of the species belonging to the genus passiflorashow a range of features that are thought to have arisen as adaptations to different pollinators . some passiflora species belonging to the subgenus decaloba sect . xerogona , show touch - sensitive motile androgynophores . we tested the role of auxin po...
early prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies often approaches the limits of ultrasonography in the first trimester of pregnancy . further evaluation can be performed by embryofetoscopy which provides direct visualization of the embryo and fetus . with the development of small fiberoptic endoscopes , transabdomina...
our aim was to demonstrate the potential of first - trimester embryofetoscopy for prenatal diagnosis in a continuing pregnancy . a patient at risk for giving birth to an infant with short rib - polydactyly syndrome , type ii ( majewski ) , presented for prenatal diagnosis at 9 weeks of gestation . a 1 mm semirigid ...
epidemiological studies indicate that more than 70% of diabetes mellitus ( dm ) patients die of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) ; this number is 2 - 3 times higher than the mortality of cvd in the nondiabetic population . the prevention of cardiovascular events is a very important goal in the treatment of dm . diabe...
objective . to investigate the effect of beraprost sodium ( bps ) on diabetic cardiomyopathy and the underlying mechanism . methods . a total of 40 sprague dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control group ( n = 10 ) and the model group ( n = 30 ) . the model group was fed a high - fat diet followed...
primary cancer of the male urethra cancer occurs rarely . it entails less than 1% of all cancers of the urogenital system in men . more rarely it develops in the distal part of the urethra . in about 80% of the patients , it is a squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) and in 15% it is a transitional cell carcinoma ( tcc ) ....
we present a 76-year - old male patient , who was diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma ( tcc ) of the distal part of the urethra . transurethral resection of the tumor ( turt ) of the urethra was conducted . after establishing local relapse , surgical removal of the distal part of the urethra was proposed to ...
the defects of the soft palate are difficult to reconstruct because of their complicated anatomy and causing velopharyngeal incompetence for speech and swallowing function . many reconstruction techniques have been described to improve postoperative function after oropharyngeal resection including soft palate , but t...
objectivesto compare the velopharyngeal function , swallowing and speech of the conventional and modified radial forearm free flap ( rfff ) for soft palate reconstruction.methodsretrospective clinical study . twenty - eight patients who underwent oropharyngeal reconstruction with rfff were divided into two groups : 1...
breast cancer ( bc ) originates from the epithelial cells of the breast tissue that line the terminal duct lobular unit . bc is the most common cancer type that affects world population . more than 180,000 new cases of bc were diagnosed in 2008 in the united states alone . over bc in women is the most commonly diag...
epidermal growth factor ( egf ) family of receptors is involved in cell growth and differentiation . the human egf2 ( her2 ) lacks natural ligands , and correlation between her2 levels and carcinogenesis makes the receptor an ideal candidate for targeted therapy in breast cancer . trastuzumab is a humanized antibod...
apical periodontitis is an infection of the area around the root of a tooth , usually caused by bacteria . although bacterial infection can be substantially reduced by standard intracanal procedures such as intracanal medication and root canal treatment , it is very difficult to render the root canal free of bacteria...
aim : the aim of this study is to address the cause of persistent infection of root cementum by enterococcus faecalis.materials and methods : a sample of 60 human single - rooted teeth were divided into three groups . group i ( control group ) had no access opening and one - third of the apical root cementum was seal...
although levetiracetam ( lev ) is a relatively well - tolerated anti - epileptic drug ( aed ) that is used to control partial and generalized seizures , an encephalopathy resulting from lev administration has been previously reported.1,2 encephalopathy induced by aed has been observed in patients with vpa , however , i...
encephalopathy resulting from the administration of levetiracetam ( lev ) is a rare occurrence . we experienced a patient receiving lev treated with valproic acid ( vpa ) for partial seizures with secondary generalization , following which she developed hyperammonemic encephalopathy and showed complete recovery after...
pruritus in pregnancy has always been challenging to the treating physician both in diagnosis and treatment . pruritus occurs due to various causes , and it can occur any time during pregnancy . causes for pruritus in pregnancy are numerous ranging from specific dermatoses of pregnancy to various dermatological condi...
antihistamines are one of the most common drugs that are used extensively in various dermatological and nondermatological conditions . the use of h-1-antihistamines during pregnancy has been very controversial due to possible teratogenic effects of these drugs . none of the antihistamines available today have been ...
kaposi 's varicelliform eruption is a disseminated cutaneous infection usually caused by the herpes simplex virus ( hsv ) . it predominantly occurs in patients with pre - existing active dermatosis and is characterized by disseminated vesiculopustules and erosions . it is common in patients with atopic dermatitis...
kaposi 's varicelliform eruption is a cutaneous eruption caused by the herpes simplex virus and a few other viruses that infect persons with pre - existing dermatosis such as atopic dermatitis . we report the case of a 56-year - old man who was treated with the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor , everolimus , f...
the purpose of evidence - based medicine is to apply the best scientific evidence to clinical decision - making . in order to guide doctors and health professionals , the royal colleges publish guidelines and recommendations for good clinical practice within their respective specialties . critics ( wright 2007 ) say ...
evidence - based medicine aims to translate scientific research into good medical practice . the royal college of obstetricians and gynaecologists publishes recommendations and guidelines to guide clinicians in decision - making . in this study , the evidence base underlying the green - top guidelines has been analy...
intestinal malrotation is a congenital abnormal position of the bowel within the peritoneal cavity . in cases of midgut volvulus , it is critical to make a diagnosis and to intervene immediately to avoid the potentially life - threatening consequence of intestinal necrosis , which in severe cases may lead to short bo...
abstractmidgut volvulus is a highly life - threatening condition that carries a high risk of short gut syndrome . we report a case of catastrophic neonatal midgut volvulus in which second - look laparotomy revealed apparently non - viable remnant small intestine but with a moderate blood supply . full - thickness s...
the first two micrornas ( mirnas ) discovered , lin-4 and let-7 from caenorhabditis elegans , were described in 1993 and 2000 , respectively . these two mirnas , which are both 21 nucleotides long , were found to be endogenous regulators of genes involved in developmental timing [ 1 , 2 ] . since then , hundreds of m...
abstractthe discovery of micrornas ( mirnas ) represents one of the most significant advances in biological and medical sciences in the last decade . hundreds of mirnas have been identified in plants , viruses , animals and human beings , and these tiny , non - coding rna transcripts have been found to play crucial r...
tartrazine ( ta ) and sunset yellow ( sy ) are synthetic food colors used most extensively as food additives , to improve the appearance , color , and texture of foods . when added in excess , however , these synthetic food colors can be pathogenic . to ensure food safety , the chinese government has imposed rigorous...
we proposed a simple and effective method , by coupling ionic liquid - based aqueous two - phase systems ( il - atpss ) with high performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ) , for the analysis of determining tartrazine and sunset yellow in food samples . under the optimized conditions , il - atpss generated an extractio...
methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) was initially reported as a nosocomial pathogen responsible for adult infections . ca - mrsa has been recognized as a pathogen in adults and children without traditional risk factors for mrsa acquisition . children colonized with mrsa are potential reservoirs for...
community associated methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus ( ca - mrsa ) is an emerging pathogen increasingly reported to cause skin and soft tissue infections for children . the emergence of highly virulencet ca - mrsa strains in the immunodeficiency of young children seemed to be the basic explanation of the ...
the world health organisation ( who ) recommends opioids for the relief of moderate to severe cancer pain . oxycodone is metabolised in the liver mainly by cyp3a4 to noroxycodone , but also by cyp2d6 to oxymorphone , and via 6-keto reduction to - and -oxycodol . cyp3a4 and cyp2d6 belong to the cytochrome p450 syste...
objectiveopioids are recommended by the world health organization for moderate to severe cancer pain . oxycodone is one of the most commonly used opioids and is metabolized in the liver by cyp3a4 and cyp2d6 enzymes . the aim of this cross - sectional study was to assess the relationship between oxycodone pharmacoki...
helicobacter pylori is a gram - negative , spiral , catalase - positive , and urease - positive bacillus which contributes to a wide range of gastrointestinal ( gi ) and extra - gi diseases ( 1 , 2 ) . h. pylori has gained particular importance nowadays since it has infected about 50% of the world s population . howe...
background and objectives : the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of classical and azithromycin - containing triple therapy eradication regimen against h. pylori in children , and to determine the level of patients tolerance.patients and methods : this single clinical trial was performed in 2014 on 2 to 15 yea...
metabolic syndrome ( ms ) is characterized by the presence of insulin resistance , low - degree inflammation , dysglycemia , low plasma high - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl - c ) , increased triglycerides ( tg ) , elevated blood pressure , and abdominal obesity . ms has been associated with an increased risk ...
background . garlic ( allium sativum ) has been shown to have important benefits in individuals at high cardiovascular risk . the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the administration of aged garlic extract ( age ) on the risk factors that constitute the cluster of metabolic syndrome ( ms ) . m...
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s40119 - 014 - 0034 - 7 ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users . patients undergoing structural and congenital heart interventions usually require large - sized sheath insertion into the femoral arteries . hence , active management...
introductionpatients undergoing structural heart interventions often require large - sized sheath insertion into femoral arteries and veins . clinical outcome data on the use of suture - mediated devices for large femoral arterial access in structural heart interventions is limited . we assessed the efficacy of the p...
the compound muscle action potential ( cmap ) scan is a noninvasive diagnosis technique for neurodegenerative pathologies , such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) . it allows a quick analysis of the muscle action potentials in response to motor nerve stimulation , by electrical stimulation applied on the surfa...
introduction . compound muscle action potential ( cmap ) scan is a noninvasive promissory technique for neurodegenerative pathologies diagnosis . in this work new cmap scan protocols were implemented to study the influence of electrical pulse waveform on peripheral nerve excitability . methods . a total of 13 hea...
its effects are mediated principally through triiodothyronine ( t3 ) , which acts as a ligand for the th receptors ( trs ) 1 , 2 and 1 [ harvey and williams , 2002 ; yen , 2001 ] . in the classical model of genes positively regulated by th , the tr first binds as a heterodimer or homodimer on th response elements ( t...
thyroid hormone ( th ) action is mediated principally through binding of the hormone ligand , 3,3,5-triiodothyronine ( t3 ) , to th receptors ( trs ) . this hormone - receptor interaction recruits other proteins to form complexes that regulate gene expression by binding to dna sequences in the promoter of target gene...
the principle goal of sedation for eye surgery is to prepare the patients to stay calm during retrobulbar injection and surgery . both insufficient sedation and deep sedation may lead to sudden movements by patients , which may potentially result in harmful complications during open eye surgery . cognitive impairme...
objectives : to compare the effect of melatonin and gabapentin on anxiety , pain , sedation scores , and satisfaction of surgeon in patients of cataract surgery.materials and methods : one hundred thirty patients aged between 35 and 85 years scheduled for cataract surgery were randomly allocated to three study groups t...
this risk must also be considered for patients who are using these medications for off - label inflammatory skin conditions . we present the first patient with treatment - refractory sweet 's syndrome who developed disseminated nocardia brasilienses whilst on methylprednisolone and infliximab . a 62-year - old whit...
a 62-year - old white man with a 10-year history of treatment - refractory sweet 's syndrome was admitted to the hospital with the onset of purpuric lesions . methylprednisolone and infliximab were administered . our patient developed disseminated nocardia infection and eventually succumbed . opportunistic infectio...
atrial fibrillation is the most common heart arrhythmia affecting around 2.2 million people in the usa . depending on the ablation device used , it is carried out using either electroanatomic mapping systems , an x - ray guided approach , or a combination of both . x - ray guidance is , for example , required if a ...
for augmented fluoroscopy during cardiac ablation , a preoperatively acquired 3d model of a patient 's left atrium ( la ) can be registered to x - ray images recorded during a contrast agent ( ca ) injection . an automatic registration method that works also for small amounts of ca is desired . we propose two simil...
inguinal herniorrhaphy is one of the most common elective procedures performed worldwide . in the united states , an estimated 800,000 inguinal hernia repairs are performed each year , accounting for 10% to 15% of all surgical procedures . however , there continues to remain controversy surrounding the optimal surg...
purpose : the purpose of this study was to compare the total hospital costs associated with elective laparoscopic and open inguinal herniorrhaphy.methods:a prospectively maintained database was used to identify patients who underwent elective inguinal herniorrhaphy from april 2009 to march 2011 . a retrospective revi...
surgical resection of lm is the only potentially curative modality , but it is possible in less than 20 percent of patients . majority of patients are not suitable for surgical resection due to various clinical and technical reasons . for such patients , various non - surgical options are three dimensional conforma...
purposeto study the safety and efficacy of high - dose - rate interstitial brachytherapy ( hdribt ) in patients with liver metastases ( lm).material and methodsbetween 2009 and 2011 , 10 patients with 12 metastatic lesions in the liver were enrolled in this prospective trial . all patients had either refused surgery ...
1 . an autoimmune mechanism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vitiligo in most cases . 2 . histamine mediates some actions through various interleukin pathways and elevated levels of serum soluble il-2 receptor , il6 , and il- 8 has been reported in vitiligo patients . vitiligo is an acquired , idiopathic ...
background : the precise cause of vitiligo is still unclear . multiple theories have been proposed , including genetic , autoimmune , neural , and biochemical mechanisms . an immune mediated pathogenesis is indeed the most popular theory . the autoimmune hypothesis considers the role of toxic mediator that might ...
the course of the three major nerves crossing the elbow is quite consistent , yet in some instances variations are encountered particularly if the elbow has deformed following previous episode of fracture and surgery . we present here a case of entrapment of radial nerve in the bone without any signs of nerve palsy r...
entrapment of a nerve in the callus of a healing fracture is not a common entity , but it does exist . the entrapment usually presents without neurological deficit . it is difficult to suspect the radial nerve injury if we need to operate on the same site . we present a case of entrapment of radial nerve in the c...
on page 24 of this issue of critical care , meduri introduces a new layer of complexity to our understanding of the inflammatory response in acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) . he postulates that cytokines secreted by the host during ards may favor the growth of some strains of bacteria and consequently ex...
the recognition that neutrophils , macrophages , and other components of the inflammatory cascade participate in the generation and progression of acute lung injury / acute respiratory distress syndrome has resulted in the use of anti - inflammatory agents in an attempt to attenuate this inflammatory response and to pr...
a total of 34 molecules with dpp iv inhibitory activity were selected for hqsar analysis and chemical structure constructed on the sketch module of sybyl x2.0 software . the hqsar studies require the minimization of structure , calculation of the force field and charges . the energy minimization and charge calculat...
comparative study was performed on 34 -amino amide derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase iv inhibitors in order to determine their structural requirement to enhance the antidiabetic activities . hologram quantitative structure activity relationships models utilized specialized fragment fingerprints ( hologram length 35...
initial research on informality viewed it as economic practice beyond the reach of the state , connected to the income generation activities of the urban sub - proletariat seek[ing ] informal means of increasing their incomes ( hart , 1973 : 67 ) . subsequent scholarship broadened the concept to include unregulated ...
this article presents original research on relations between middle - class residents and informal - sector workers in delhi , india . it shows how middle - class associations used their consumption preferences as well as relationships with local authorities to legitimize the work of street hawkers and waste workers ...
cementodentinal junction ( cdj ) is the area at the interface between cementum and dentin . the attachment of cementum to dentin is said to be due to the presence of adhesive proteoglycans primarily and secondarily due to fiber intermingling fortified by mineralization . studies on cdj have proved that this junctio...
background : the cementodentinal junction ( cdj ) forms a biological and structural link between cementum and dentin . this biological link is regarded as a distinct tissue in its own right . certain important proteins responsible for periodontal regeneration are said to be present in this tissue . few studies ha...
efficient use of operating room ( or ) time is increasingly important in modern medicine , as delays in patient arrival , induction of anesthesia , surgical positioning , and recovery in the or all increase time in the or not spent operating . computer simulations have determined that or utilization efficiency of 85 ...
study design retrospective study.objective efficient use of operating room time is important , as delays during induction or recovery increase time not spent operating while in the operating room . we identified factors that increase anesthetized , nonoperative time by utilizing a database of over 5,000 consecuti...
endovascular embolization has become a common method for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms in many centers of the usa and europe [ 1 , 2 ] . however , coiled aneurysms present a significant rate of recanalization , which occurs in approximately 20 % of patients [ 3 , 4 ] . due to the possibility of recanalizatio...
introductionthe possibility of recanalization and the need for retreatment are the most important limitations of intracranial aneurysm embolization . the purpose of the study was to compare the size of aneurysm remnants measured at follow - up with three - dimensional digital subtracted angiography ( 3d - dsa ) and mag...
endophytic actinobacteria have a capacity to produce numerous secondary metabolites with a mass of biological activity , such as antibiotics , antitumor and anti - infection agents , plant growth promoters and enzymes , and may promote plant establishment under adverse environmental stresses . introducing such bacteria...
paenibacillus dauci sp . nov . , a new kind of endophytic actinobacteria , is separated from the inner tissues of carrot sample , which forms intimated associations with carrot acting as biological control agents . here we report a 5.37-mb assembly of its genome sequence and other useful information , including the...
diabetic nephropathy ( dn ) is the leading cause of end - stage renal disease . mesangial cell proliferation , excessive extracellular matrix ( ecm ) proteins accumulation , basement membrane thickening , mesangial expansion , and other mesangial region lesions are involved in the renal pathological process , which u...
diabetic nephropathy ( dn ) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus ( dm ) . however , the exact mechanism is not clearly understood . in this study , our results showed that 24 h urinary protein , kidney index , and glomerular area were decreased , while creatinine clearance ratio was increas...
peritoneal dialysis ( pd ) is a well - established means of renal replacement therapy . a tenckhoff catheter is electively inserted into the peritoneal cavity before pd starts . after a healing period of at least two weeks 500 ml volumes are used for the first two days of training and titrated upwards , based on b...
pressure related complications such as abdominal wall hernias occur with relative frequency in patients on peritoneal dialysis . less frequently , a transudative pleural effusion containing dialysate can develop . this phenomenon appears to be due to increased intra - abdominal pressure in the setting of congenital...
we have reported a 78 year old man with complaint of abdominal pain and vomiting . in patients preoperative evaluation for surgical management of an intra - abdominal mass , a large intracardiac mass has found incidentally during the echocardiography . pathologic biopsy of right atrial mass that has removed by o...
introduction : cardiac involvement as an initial presentation of malignant lymphoma has been a rare occurrence.case presentation : we have reported a 78 year old man with complaint of abdominal pain and vomiting . in patients preoperative evaluation for surgical management of an intra - abdominal mass , a large intra...
it was recently revealed that one quarter of paediatric intensive care beds in holland are closed and that many critically ill children have to be transferred to receive care . problems organizing paediatric intensive care exist in most health care systems . if we are to avoid crises such as this then we have to so...
problems with commissioning paediatric intensive care stem both from difficulties in recruitment and retention of nurses , and from incoherent or nonexistent national audit . pyramidal career structures and patterns of remuneration that concentrate on administrative responsibility over clinical skills underlie the fo...
lead is an element that expanded on the environment as a result of human activity during the past thousands of years . lead poisoning is due to increased levels of lead in the body ( 1 ) and hasnt specific signs or symptoms . lead is found in a variety of organs including the heart , bones , intestines , kidneys an...
background : lead elements have an adverse effect on human health . the most important complications of lead poisoning are disorders of nervous system particularly seizure .this study aimed to evaluate the blood lead levels and its association with convulsion in a group of hospitalized febrile children . methods :...
the index patient , a 26-year - old woman , was admitted to the infectious disease ward of a university hospital with a temperature of 40c and myalgias 3 days after she returned from a 3-week trip to cambodia and thailand . she was discharged in good condition after the fever subsided . on the day of admission of the...
recent transmission of dengue viruses has increased in tropical and subtropical areas and in industrialized countries because of international travel . we describe a case of nosocomial transmission of dengue virus in germany by a needlestick injury . diagnosis was made by taqman reverse transcription polymerase ch...
dental identification can be used for identifying the deceased or the assailant in a crime scene or for identification of victims of a mass disaster . in the asia pacific region , because of its wide range of variations in topography and climatic conditions , india is a disaster prone country with an average of eight m...
dental identification plays a key role in mass casualties and is usually based on disturbances of tooth eruption , malocclusions and/or previous dental treatments , changes brought about by age , pathological conditions and developmental disturbances . tooth transposition is a disturbance of tooth eruption and is def...
ctc are usually detected in the peripheral circulation , but we can find ctc in other body fluids like the cerebrospinal fluids or the urines . the limitations to discover the ctc in these fluids are the same than in the blood circulation . however , it is possible to extract a relatively big amount of blood without ...
liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer in men and the seventh in women . during the past 20 years , the incidence of hcc has tripled while the 5-year survival rate has remained below 12% . the presence of circulating tumor cells ( ctc ) reflects the aggressiveness nature of a tumor . many attempts have been...
the american dental association ( ada ) defines dental amalgam as an alloy composed of mercury , silver , tin , and copper along with other metallic elements added to improve physical and mechanical properties . dental amalgam has been an accepted part of dental treatment for more than 170 years [ 25 ] . mackert an...
objective . the purpose of this review paper is to review the literature regarding the toxicology of mercury from dental amalgam and evaluate current statements on dental amalgam . materials and methods . two key - words dental amalgam and toxicity were used to search publications on dental amalgam biocompati...
endodontic treatment aims to disinfect and to shape the root canals in order to make easy the irrigation procedures and the placement of root canal dressing of filling material . the preservation of the radicular anatomy is one of the most important concerns during root canal preparation . some enlargement ...
objectivethis study has two aims : 1 ) to evaluate the apical transportation of the wizard cd plus and protaper universal after preparation of simulated root canals ; 2 ) to compare , with adobe photoshop , the ability of a new software ( regeemy ) in superposing and subtracting images . material and methodstwe...
deep venous thrombosis ( dvt ) is a complication well - known to be associated with nephrotic syndrome . in patients with nephrotic syndrome , dvt is reported to be observed mostly in the lower extremities , renal veins , and pulmonary arteries [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] . however , there are no reports of dvt developing in the u...
deep venous thrombosis ( dvt ) in the upper extremities is a rare but important clinical illness , which leads to severe complications such as pulmonary embolism . unlike dvt in the lower extremities , which is mainly induced by a hypercoagulable state , dvt in the upper extremities is usually caused by mechanical ob...
major depressive disorder ( mdd ) constitutes the first leading cause of years lived with disability , and its incidence is on the rise globally . yet , until recently , little was known about its pathogenesis , as these conditions are not associated with relevant brain alterations or clear animal models for spontaneou...
it is widely accepted that changes underlying depression and antidepressant - like effects involve not only alterations in the levels of neurotransmitters as monoamines and their receptors in the brain , but also structural and functional changes far beyond . during the last two decades , emerging theories are provid...
odontogenic cysts are caused from odontogenic epithelium in the process of dental apparatus development and can be originated from one part of dental organ . inflammatory cysts have an inflammatory reason but the cause of the developmental type is unknown . odontogenic cysts can cause bone inflation , teeth mobilit...
background : odontogenic cysts are relatively common lesions which can cause different complications . as demographic information is lacking in iran and specially in isfahan , the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of odontogenic cysts according to age , gender and affected area among patients referring ...
photocuring is the key technique for the preparation of films and coatings as it offers a broad and economic application spectrum for industry . during the curing process it absorbs energy from a photon either in a direct or an indirect process , transferring it into chemical energy . after the excitation p...
typical bimolecular photoinitiators ( pis ) for radical polymerization of acrylates show only poor photoreactivity because of the undesired effect of back electron transfer . to overcome this limitation , pis consisting of a benzaldoxime ester and various sensitizers based on aromatic ketones were introduce...
samples of vegetation affected by the typical fusarium wilt were collected from several areas by cutting the infected part of the stem from the zucchini plants . the infected tissues were surface - sterilized with a 1% naocl solution for 1min and rinsed 2~3 times with sterilized distilled water . after drying , we cu...
fusarium wilt of zucchini in jeonju , korea , was first noticed in may 2013 . symptoms included wilting of the foliage , drying and withering of older leaves , and stunting of plants . infected plants eventually died during growth . based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the molecular marke...
the gastrointestinal tract is the most common site of extranodal non - hodgkin 's lymphoma ( nhl ) and the small bowel is considered the most commonly affected part of the gastrointestinal tract . lymphoma of the hepatobiliary system usually presents as secondary manifestation of systemic malignant lymphoma . however...
primary non - hodgkin 's lymphoma of the common bile duct is extremely rare . we present a case with history of inflammatory bowel disease and clinical manifestations of obstructive jaundice . abdominal magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography ( mrcp ) was done and demonstrated ti...
since the discovery of transposable elements ( tes ) in corn , dna sequencing has revealed that genomes of eukaryotic organisms are largely comprised of evolutionarily significant tes responsible for creation of considerable genetic diversity . the movement of transposable elements is either autonomous or dep...
we describe discovery in beta vulgaris l. of coe1 , a dna transposase gene within putative long terminal repeats ( ltrs ) , and other retrotransposon - like features including both a retroviral - like hypothetical gene and an rvt2-domain reverse transcriptase pseudogene . the central dna transposase gene encodes , in...
acne inversa ( formerly hidradenitis suppurativa ) is a rare chronic and debilitating inflammatory skin disease . it forms inflammatory nodules , abscesses , fistulas , and scars in the apocrine - gland - bearing regions [ 1 , 2 ] . the disease usually occurs after puberty and starts in the areas , where there is s...
acne inversa is a rare chronic and debilitating inflammatory skin disease.the authors report a case of a 45-year old male who presented with acne inversa in the inguinal , perineal , and scrotal areas . after unsatisfactory pharmacological treatment a wide surgical excision of the affected skin was performed in stage...
the tiny protrusions emerging from dendrites known as dendritic spines are the primary subcellular locations of excitatory synapses in the mammalian central nervous system . dendritic spines are typically ~1 - 2 m in length and 0.51 m in width of the spine head , with diverse morphologies , such as mushroomlike , s...
dendritic spines are the location of excitatory synapses in the mammalian nervous system and are neuron - specific subcellular structures essential for neural circuitry and function . dendritic spine morphology is determined by the f - actin cytoskeleton . f - actin remodeling must coordinate with different stages ...
the patients were prospectively recruited in the diabetes department of jean verdier hospital between 1992 and 2006 . eligibility criteria included type 2 diabetes ; no history of myocardial infarction or angina pectoris ; normal 12-lead resting electrocardiogram ( ecg ) ; and presence of at least one of the followin...
objectiveto evaluate if silent myocardial ischemia ( smi ) and silent coronary artery disease ( cad ) provide significant additional value to routine cardiovascular risk assessment in type 2 diabetic patients.research design and methodswe followed up to a first cardiovascular event 688 subjects ( 322 men , aged 59 8 y...
posterolateral rotary knee dislocation is a rare orthopedic injury that is considered to be irreducible by closed reduction because of soft tissue incarceration . here , we present a case of posterolateral rotary knee dislocation , which was reduced by closed manipulation . the patientwas a 33-year - old man who su...
introduction : posterolateral rotary knee dislocation is a rare orthopedic injury that is considered to be irreducible by closed reduction because of soft tissue incarceration . here , we present a case of posterolateral rotary knee dislocation , which was reduced by closed manipulation.case report : the patientwas a 3...
in early 2016 , we sent a 70-question survey to the original 56 designated us hlius , including the 10 resptcs . results were collected through adobe acrobat pro ( https://acrobat.adobe.com/us/en/acrobat/acrobat-pro.html ) and analyzed by using descriptive statistics . the university of nebraska medical center inst...
to identify barriers to maintaining and applying capabilities of us high - level isolation units ( hlius ) used during the ebola virus disease outbreak , during 2016 we surveyed hlius . hlius identified sustainability challenges and reported the highly infectious diseases they would treat . hlius expended substanti...
we appreciate prof . di guardo s interest in our recent work published in nature methods where we describe that a subpopulation of cancer stem cells ( cscs ) present in numerous epithelial solid tumors contains intracellular autofluorescent vesicles . we would like to take this opportunity , however , to formally add...
since the first description of cellular autofluorescence over a century ago , we have now come to appreciate that autofluorescence should not be discarded as a biological artifact but embraced as a biological phenomenon with potentially important cellular relevance . indeed , cellular and tissue autofluorescence has be...
the triathlon is a relatively new sport with only three decades of competition at international level . the triathlon involves a combination of three separate disciplines - swimming , cycling and running . the order of events is usually swimming , cycling , and running although some professional sprint triathlons v...
introductionthe triathlon involves a combination of three separate disciplines - swimming , cycling and running . to date , very few studies have been conducted on the anthropometric characteristics of the new zealand junior elite triathletes . the aim of this study was to determine the correlation between physical...
malaria is one of the major public health problems worldwide causing more than one million deaths each year . it is widespread in hot humid regions of africa , asia , and south and central america . according to world health organization ( nearly 85% of malaria is caused by plasmodium falciparum and is responsible ...
introduction . multidrug resistance of plasmodium falciparum is spreading throughout africa . this has posed major challenges to malaria control in sub - saharan africa . objective . the aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of artemether - lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated plasmodium falc...
antibodies are multifunctional glycoproteins , able to bind antigens through variable fab domains and cellular receptors via the constant fc region . this dual functionality enables the recruitment of the cellular immune system to sites of infection by antibody - dependent cellular cytotoxity ( adcc ) and a...
human igg fc glycosylation modulates immunological effector functions such as antibody - dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis . engineering of fc glycans therefore enables fine - tuning of the therapeutic properties of monoclonal antibodies . the n - linked glycans of fc are typically complex - ...
within the decade , treatment of urinary incontinence and prolapse using meshes has gained popularity . the use of synthetic meshes is becoming increasingly common to optimize surgical outcome and to reduce recurrence rates . it allows the development of new connective tissue , which is deficient in genital prolaps...
bladder perforation is a complication which can occur after a prolift procedure and may enhance vesicovaginal fistula formation . different methods of management of bladder perforation caused by mesh procedures are described in the literature , and most authors advise complete excision of the mesh . in the case describ...
eif4e - binding protein 1 castration - resistant prostate cancer eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4e mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 tumor suppression protein 53 positron emission tomography phosphatase and tensin homolog accelerated glucose metabolism in cancer cells under aerobic conditions , a phen...
aerobic glycolysis , known as the warburg effect , is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells . we recently reported that the hexokinase 2 ( hk2)-mediated warburg effect is required for castration - resistant prostate cancer that is driven by pten / p53 deficiency , suggesting that hk2 might be a therapeutic target for ...
natural killer ( nk ) cells are derived from bone marrow - derived lymphocytes and belong to the innate immune system . in contrast to t and b cells , activation of nk cells is controlled by germ line - encoded receptors that do not undergo somatic dna recombination and mutation . nk cells can provide early immune ...
natural killer ( nk ) cells play a pivotal role in early surveillance against virus infection and cellular transformation , and are also implicated in the control of inflammatory response through their effector functions of direct lysis of target cells and cytokine secretion . nk cell activation toward target cell is...
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s40121 - 015 - 0100-z ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users . linezolid ( lzd ) is an oxazolidinone antibiotic characterized by a wide spectrum of activity against gram - positive pathogens resistant to -lactams and glycopeptides , ...
introductionfew studies have investigated the effect of increased creatinine clearance ( crcl ) on linezolid ( lzd ) concentration . herein , we report the pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic ( pk / pd ) profile of lzd used in the management of methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) pneumonia with conco...
cystic fibrosis ( cf ) is one of the most common genetic diseases among caucasians . the illness is best known for affecting the respiratory system , where the lungs become obstructed with thick sticky mucus , resulting in difficulty breathing and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections . the dis...
cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( cftr ) protein . in vitro experiments have demonstrated that 4-methyl-2-(5-phenyl-1h - pyrazol-3-yl)phenol ( vrt-532 , 1 ) is able to partially restore the function of mutant cftr...
sunlight absorption by biological molecules plays a crucial role in life development and sustains the earths energy cycle ; as a counterpart , photoprotective mechanisms are necessary to minimize the potential damage of the uv portion of the solar spectrum that reaches organisms.1 the interest in natural uv photoprotec...
gadusol shows one of the simplest structures among a series of natural uv - absorbing compounds that have been related to the photoprotective and antioxidant functions in aquatic organisms . caspt2//casscf methodology was used to carry out a theoretical study on this basic structure in order to describe the underlyin...
subependymomas are uncommonly encountered ependymal tumors , accounting for less than 1% of all intracranial neoplasms and are distinguished from ordinary ependymomas by their overall better prognosis . it has been reported that there is 0.7% incidence of subependymoma among 1,000 patients with pathologically proven ...
a rare case of subependymoma in a young patient presenting with sensory dysesthesia is reported . computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a posterior fossa mass occluding the fourth ventricle with infiltration to the right side immediately behind the pontine tegmentum and impinging on the rig...
tailgut cysts or retrorectal cystic hamartomas are rare congenital presacral lesions identified in all age groups . they are believed to arise from the remnants of the embryonic hindgut . malignancy in tailgut cysts is extremely rare , the majority being adenocarcinomas and carcinoid tumors . a unique feature of ou...
abstractretrorectal cystic hamartomas are rare congenital presacral lesions and malignancy is extremely rare . although surgical excision is the essential for treatment , a unique feature of our case compared with previously reported tailgut cysts is that this patient 's blood irregular antibodies are positive with h...
determinar o impacto da implantao de um sistema informatizado de suporte deciso clnica combinado com seminrios instrucionais na utilizao de profilaxia para tromboembolia venosa ( tev ) de forma adequada . estudo transversal em duas fases ( antes e depois da implantao de um novo protocolo de profilaxia para tev ) par...
objective : to determine the impact that implementing a combination of a computer - based clinical decision support system and a program of training seminars has on the use of appropriate prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism ( vte ) . methods : we conducted a cross - sectional study in two phases ( prior to and aft...
down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder , occurring in every 700 to 1000 births . the average life expectancy of down syndrome patients has been prolonged , up to 50 yr according to recent reports ( 1 ) . with this longer life expectancy , it is getting more and more important for down syndrome patien...
in this study , we investigated the effects of gh treatment in children with down syndrome who had been diagnosed with gh deficiency ( ghd ) . a total of 20 subjects were investigated in this study . fourteen down syndrome children ( 5 boys and 9 girls ) with short stature due to ghd were treated with gh at okayama...
a circuit level understanding of immune cells and hematological cancers has been severely impeded by a lack of techniques that enable intracellular perturbation without significantly altering cell viability and function . here , we demonstrate that vertical silicon nanowires ( nws ) enable gene - specific man...
as soon as the pre - mrna has been transcribed from dna in the nucleus , it is processed into a mature ribonucleoprotein ( mrnp ) particle , which is competent to be exported from the nucleus . the tho complex , a nuclear protein complex conserved from yeast to humans , is involved in the biogenesis of mrnp particles...
the tho complex is a key component in the co - transcriptional formation of messenger ribonucleoparticles that are competent to be exported from the nucleus , yet its precise function is unknown . a recent study in bmc biology on the role of the thoc5 subunit in cell physiology and mouse development provides new clues ...
melanins are biological pigments that are found in human skin in two forms : black / brown eumelanin and red / brown pheomelanin . pump this technology has shown that increased eumelanin content correlates with increasing severity of a melanoma diagnosis . recently , we found that pump probe microscopy is ...
ultrafast pump probe measurements can discriminate the two forms of melanin found in biological tissue ( eumelanin and pheomelanin ) , which may be useful for diagnosing and grading melanoma . however , recent work has shown that bound iron content changes eumelanin s pump probe response , making it more ...
molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography ( pet ) and single photon emission computed tomography ( spect ) enable the in vivo characterization and measurement of biologic processes using high - affinity and high - specificity molecular probes . pet and spect use molecules labeled with a radion...
molecular imaging techniques have a number of advantages for research into the pathophysiology and treatment of central nervous system ( cns ) disorders . firstly , they provide a noninvasive means of characterizing physiological processes in the living brain , enabling molecular alterations to be linked to clinical ...
cranioplasty is performed for calvarial defects due to the facts that this region is vulnerable to trauma , calvarial defects may cause cerebral atrophy and convulsions or for cosmetic purposes7,10,12 ) . improvement of neurological deficits , control of convulsions and partial prevention of cerebral atrophy are achi...
cranioplasty is performed using autograft and allograft materials on patients to whom craniectomy was applied previously due to the facts that , this region is open to trauma and the scalp makes irritation and pressure onto the brain paranchyma causing brain atrophy and convulsions . dramatical improvement of neurolo...
during the past 20 years , gtp - binding proteins of the rho family have been identified as essential players in many cellular functions , and the basics of their biology have been reviewed extensively . this branch of the ras super family encompasses 22 genes in humans , of which rho , rac and cdc42 are the best cha...
the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton and its regulation by rho gtpases are essential to maintain cell shape , to allow cell motility and are also critical during cell cycle progression and mitosis . rho gtpases and their effectors are involved in cell rounding at mitosis onset , in chromosomes alignment and are req...
the precise mechanism of ribosomal peptide bond formation was always a matter of controversial debates starting from the assumption that a ribosomal protein of the 50s subunit catalyses protein synthesis . the ph dependence of the reaction suggested an ionizable group with a pka value between 7 and 8 , thus a histidi...
the ribosome is a large rnp complex but its main enzymatic activity , the peptidyl transferase , is a ribozyme . as many rna enzymes use divalent metal ions in catalysis , one of the hypotheses put forward proposed that metal ions might aid peptide bond formation . to be able to test a possible coordination of a meta...