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video 1left paraaortic , inframesenteric lymphadenectomy supported by icg labelling in cervical cancer.video 1 left paraaortic , inframesenteric lymphadenectomy supported by icg labelling in cervical cancer . | superior hypogastric plexus ( shg ) contains mainly sympathetic and most probably also postganglionic parasympathetic fibers .
thus , surgical damage of shg may cause autonomic pelvic organ dysfunction ( kraima et al . , 2015 ) .
as already shown for rectal cancer , preservation of the autonomic nerves is facilitat... |
the atlantic codex ( ac ) is the largest collection of drawings and writings by leonardo da vinci , including 1,119 pages collected in 12 volumes , and it is currently preserved at the biblioteca ambrosiana in milan .
the sheets ( 64.5 43.5 cm ) were assembled in no particular order and cover a long period of leona... | following the discovery of discoloration on some pages of the atlantic codex ( ac ) of leonardo da vinci kept in the biblioteca ambrosiana in milan , some investigations have been carried out to verify the presence of microorganisms , such as bacteria and fungi . to verify the presence of microorganisms a noninvasive m... |
uterine synechiae or asherman 's syndrome is a condition which can cause infertility , menstrual abnormalities , and recurrent pregnancy losses that occurs due to a partial or complete closure of the uterine cavity and/or the cervical canal ( 1 ) .
moreover , this obliteration may be a direct outcome of surgical endo... | background : uterine synechiae or asherman 's syndrome is a condition that can cause infertility . the present experimental study was designed to establish the rabbit as an animal model for human asherman 's syndrome using the endometrial curettage.methods:in an experimental study , female adult rabbits ( n=18 ) were r... |
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system in which communication between the brain and other parts of the body is disrupted .
its effects can range from relatively benign in most cases to somewhat disabling and then to devastating for some people . during an ms attack
, inflam... | chinese scalp acupuncture is a contemporary acupuncture technique with just 40 years of history .
it integrates traditional chinese needling methods with western medical knowledge of the cerebral cortex and has been proven to be a very effective technique for treating multiple sclerosis ( ms ) and other central nervo... |
hepatic portal venous gas ( hpvg ) was first described in 1955 in an infant with fatal necrotizing enterocolitis , and subsequently reported in adults .
it is a rare condition with numerous etiologies , including bowel infarction , necrotizing enterocolitis , closed loop obstructions , acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis ... | abstracthepatic portal venous gas is a rare condition that occurs when intraluminal gas or gas produced by intestinal bacteria enters the portal venous circulation .
it has recently been recognized as a rare complication of colon procedures by endoscopy or barium enema .
given the frequency of these procedures in p... |
among the many causes of dyspnea associated with ph in a patient with history of cancer , paraneoplastic thrombotic pe is the most common aetiology and must be considered in priority .
but tumour cells can metastasize in the pulmonary vasculature in three mechanisms : occlusion of the small pulmonary arteries , pulmo... | abstracta 72yearold woman with history of breast cancer only treated surgically was referred to our department for pulmonary hypertension ( ph ) suspicion .
echocardiogram revealed elevated right ventricular systolic pressure .
computed tomography ( ct ) angiogram showed no pulmonary embolism ( pe ) , but lung scan... |
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is among the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide .
the prevalence of nafld in the general population of western countries is 2030% . within the spectrum of nafld , only nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( nash )
most patients with nafld have risk factors such ... | summarysirtuins are members of the silent information regulator 2 ( sir2 ) family , a group of class iii histone / protein deacetylases .
there are 7 different sirtuins in mammals ( sirt1 - 7 ) , of which sirt1 is the best known and most studied .
sirt1 is responsible for the regulation of protein activation by mea... |
early in the history of ct scanning , specialized windowing was found to be beneficial for the analysis of bone lesions .
becker et al 1 demonstrated in 1978 that more calvarial metastases were detected with bone windows than with brain windows .
the human eye distinguishes a limited number of shades of grey and th... | objective .
the default window setting on pet / ct workstations is soft tissue .
this study investigates whether bone windowing and hybrid fdg pet / ct can help differentiate between malignant and benign primary bone tumors.materials and methods .
a database review included 98 patients with malignant ( n=64 ) or ... |
the automated gravitational vario flow system was constructed in order to reduce the risk of fluid intravasation while using gravity for uterine distention during continuous flow hysteroscopic procedures .
it provides linear regulation , definition and measurement of intrauterine pressure by simply pressing the pedal... | objective : the automated gravitational vario flow system with weighing - based electronic fluid deficit indicator was used in order to reduce the risk of fluid intravasation during continuous flow hysteroscopic procedures .
early experiences are reported.methods:between august 1996 and july 1997 , the vario flow wit... |
human skeletal muscle tissue displays specific cellular architecture easily damaged during individual existence , requiring multiple resources for regeneration .
congruent with local prerequisites , heterogeneous muscle stem cells ( muscs ) are present in the muscle interstitium . in this study , we aimed to characte... | |
msos is a formatted text - messaging system that enables communications between healthcare facility workers and ministry of health managers and uses a web - based portal to monitor disease notifications and response actions taken by health managers ( figure 1 ; online technical appendix , http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/artic... | we conducted a randomized , controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a text - messaging system used for notification of disease outbreaks in kenya .
health facilities that used the system had more timely notifications than those that did not ( 19.2% vs. 2.6% ) , indicating that technology can enhance disease sur... |
the onset of labour is associated with changes in gene expression in the myometrium consistent with activation of inflammatory mediators and leukocyte chemotaxis [ 1 , 2 ] .
the uterine expression of the chemokine il8 increases dramatically with the onset of term and preterm labour [ 3 , 4 ] and is thought to promote... | the uterine expression of the chemokine il8 increases dramatically with the onset of labour both at term and preterm .
the il8 promoter contains binding sites for the transcription factors nuclear factor - kappa b ( nfb ) , activator protein-1 ( ap-1 ) , and ccaat / enhancer - binding protein ( cebp ) . in this study... |
there is a high comorbidity of schizophrenia and obsessive - compulsory disorder ( ocd ) associated with more severe symptoms .
we report about a 48-old women treated for depression which developed successively psychotic symptoms ( ideas of reference , psychotic worries ) , negative symptoms ( blunted affect , impove... | objectivethere is a high comorbidity of schizophrenia and obsessive - compulsory disorder ( ocd ) associated with more severe symptoms .
standard pharmacotherapy achieve symptom improvement in approximately 60% only.resultswe report about a 48-old women treated for depression which developed successively psychotic sy... |
immunotherapy is a new class of cancer treatment that works to harness the innate powers of the immune system to fight cancer .
major conceptual and technical advances in immunology have led to a new understanding of cellular and molecular interplays between the immune system and a tumor over the past decades [ 1 - 3... | backgroundcancer immunotherapy attempts to stimulate the immune system to reject and destroy tumors and is one of the cancer treatment strategies .
recently , interluekin36 ( il36 ) has been used as immunotherapeutic agents in cancer gene therapy .
present study investigated that the il36 gene therapy effects on th... |
distance measurements by pulsed dipolar electron paramagnetic resonance ( epr ) spectroscopy are a standard tool for generating distance constraints for structural modelling . the pulsed electron electron double resonance ( peldor or deer for double electron electron resonance )
developments in commercial hardware ... | nanometre distance measurements by pulsed electron
electron double resonance ( peldor ) spectroscopy have become an increasingly important tool in structural biology .
the theoretical underpinning of the experiment is well defined for systems containing two nitroxide spin - labels ( spin pairs ) ; however , recentl... |
meditation is one of the well - known practices which bestows increased attention and deep internal relaxation .
since 1960s several researches have been performed to observe the effect of meditation in practitioners versus nonpractitioners .
it is a meditation in which one obtains mastery over one 's unruly mind t... | background : mindfulness along with breathing is a well - established meditation technique .
breathing is an exquisite tool for exploring subtle awareness of mind and life itself.aim:this study aimed at measuring changes in the different parameters of electrophotonic imaging ( epi ) in anapanasati meditators.material... |
solid oxide fuel cells
( sofcs ) are very
promising as a source for sustainable and renewable power generation .
despite the efforts of researchers worldwide ,
a more detailed , atomic
scale understanding of the elementary , interface controlled processes
of sofcs is necessary to tailor their performance an... | we employed operando anomalous surface
x - ray diffraction to investigate the buried interface between the
cathode and the electrolyte of a model solid oxide fuel cell with
atomic resolution .
the cell was studied under different oxygen pressures
at elevated temperatures and polarizations by external potentia... |
following the first report of 2009 pandemic influenza a ( h1n1 ; hereafter referred to h1n1 2009 ) in april 2009 , the infection became a pandemic .
the drugs of choice for the treatment and prophylaxis of h1n1 2009 are neuraminidase inhibitors including oseltamivir ( tamiflu [ roche ] ) and zanamivir ( relenza [ gla... | it has been suggested that oseltamivir - resistant influenza viruses harboring the h274/275y mutation are less virulent than are those that are oseltamivir - sensitive , and fatality attributed to infection with an oseltamivir - resistant virus is very rare .
here we report the first fatal adult case of oseltamivir -... |
obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( osas ) is a highly prevalent disorder affecting about 4% of adults , and is associated with repetitive episodes of transient oxygen desaturation during sleep .
osas is an independent risk factor for a number of cardiovascular diseases [ 24 ] .
although uppp expands pharyngeal cavi... | backgroundadequate sedation is important in the post - anesthesia care unit ( pacu ) following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty ( uppp ) to ensure patient comfort and decrease the duration of mechanical ventilation ( mv ) , pacu stay , and bleeding .
this study aimed to compare dexmedetomidine and propofol as sedatives afte... |
patients with behet 's disease often need intraocular surgeries for the treatment of secondary cataract or glaucoma . this study aims to report the clinical course before and after the intraocular surgeries of 5 patients who were systematically treated with infliximab .
seven eyes of 5 male patients with behet 's ... | purposepatients with behet 's disease often need intraocular surgeries for the treatment of secondary cataract or glaucoma . this study aims to report the clinical course before and after the intraocular surgeries of 5 patients who were systematically treated with infliximab.methodsretrospective case series.resultsseve... |
queen elizabeth hospital in blantyre , malawi , is a teaching hospital offering free services to a population of approximately 1 million . from 2006 until 2009 , 3 prospective adult ( age 16 years ) meningitis studies were conducted at the hospital ; a randomized controlled trial of adjunctive oral glycerol in bacteria... | mortality from adult bacterial meningitis exceeds 50% in sub - saharan africa .
we postulated that particularly in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv)herpes simplex virus , varicella zoster virus , epstein - barr virus ( ebv ) , and cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) in the cerebrospinal fluid ( csf )... |
transcatheter aortic valve implantation ( tavi ) is a catheter - based treatment for patients with aortic stenosis ( as ) who are considered poor candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement ( avr ) .
although it is increasingly being considered the standard of care in such patients , not all patients receive tav... | aimsto assess treatment decision and outcome in patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation ( tavi ) in addition to predictive factors of mortality after tavi.methodsthree-centre prospective observational study including 358 patients .
endpoints were defined according to the valve academic research ... |
the genus passiflora comprises about 500 species which are mostly woody vines that present a huge diversity in flower shape , colors and sizes .
consequently it is a good model for studying plant - pollinator interactions and co - evolution , since it displays all kinds of pollination syndromes .
although this dive... | the flowers of the species belonging to the genus passiflorashow a range of features that are thought to have arisen as adaptations to different pollinators .
some passiflora species belonging to the subgenus decaloba sect .
xerogona , show touch - sensitive motile androgynophores .
we tested the role of auxin po... |
early prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies often approaches the limits of ultrasonography in the first trimester of pregnancy .
further evaluation can be performed by embryofetoscopy which provides direct visualization of the embryo and fetus . with the development of small fiberoptic endoscopes , transabdomina... | our aim was to demonstrate the potential of first - trimester embryofetoscopy for prenatal diagnosis in a continuing pregnancy .
a patient at risk for giving birth to an infant with short rib - polydactyly syndrome , type ii ( majewski ) , presented for prenatal diagnosis at 9 weeks of gestation .
a 1 mm semirigid ... |
epidemiological studies indicate that more than 70% of diabetes mellitus ( dm ) patients die of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) ; this number is 2 - 3 times higher than the mortality of cvd in the nondiabetic population .
the prevention of cardiovascular events is a very important goal in the treatment of dm .
diabe... | objective . to investigate the effect of beraprost sodium ( bps ) on diabetic cardiomyopathy and the underlying mechanism
. methods .
a total of 40 sprague dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control group ( n = 10 ) and the model group ( n = 30 ) .
the model group was fed a high - fat diet followed... |
primary cancer of the male urethra cancer occurs rarely . it entails less than 1% of all cancers of the urogenital system in men .
more rarely it develops in the distal part of the urethra . in about 80% of the patients , it is a squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) and in 15% it is a transitional cell carcinoma ( tcc ) .... | we present a 76-year - old male patient , who was diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma ( tcc ) of the distal part of the urethra .
transurethral resection of the tumor ( turt ) of the urethra was conducted . after establishing local relapse , surgical removal of the distal part of the urethra
was proposed to ... |
the defects of the soft palate are difficult to reconstruct because of their complicated anatomy and causing velopharyngeal incompetence for speech and swallowing function .
many reconstruction techniques have been described to improve postoperative function after oropharyngeal resection including soft palate , but t... | objectivesto compare the velopharyngeal function , swallowing and speech of the conventional and modified radial forearm free flap ( rfff ) for soft palate reconstruction.methodsretrospective clinical study .
twenty - eight patients who underwent oropharyngeal reconstruction with rfff were divided into two groups : 1... |
breast cancer ( bc ) originates from the epithelial cells of the breast tissue that line the terminal duct lobular unit .
bc is the most common cancer type that affects world population . more than 180,000 new cases of bc were diagnosed in 2008 in the united states alone . over
bc in women is the most commonly diag... | epidermal growth factor ( egf ) family of receptors is involved in cell growth and differentiation .
the human egf2 ( her2 ) lacks natural ligands , and correlation between her2 levels and carcinogenesis makes the receptor an ideal candidate for targeted therapy in breast cancer .
trastuzumab is a humanized antibod... |
apical periodontitis is an infection of the area around the root of a tooth , usually caused by bacteria .
although bacterial infection can be substantially reduced by standard intracanal procedures such as intracanal medication and root canal treatment , it is very difficult to render the root canal free of bacteria... | aim : the aim of this study is to address the cause of persistent infection of root cementum by enterococcus faecalis.materials and methods : a sample of 60 human single - rooted teeth were divided into three groups .
group i ( control group ) had no access opening and one - third of the apical root cementum was seal... |
although levetiracetam ( lev ) is a relatively well - tolerated anti - epileptic drug ( aed ) that is used to control partial and generalized seizures , an encephalopathy resulting from lev administration has been previously reported.1,2 encephalopathy induced by aed has been observed in patients with vpa , however , i... | encephalopathy resulting from the administration of levetiracetam ( lev ) is a rare occurrence .
we experienced a patient receiving lev treated with valproic acid ( vpa ) for partial seizures with secondary generalization , following which she developed hyperammonemic encephalopathy and showed complete recovery after... |
pruritus in pregnancy has always been challenging to the treating physician both in diagnosis and treatment .
pruritus occurs due to various causes , and it can occur any time during pregnancy . causes for pruritus in pregnancy are numerous ranging from specific dermatoses of pregnancy to various dermatological condi... | antihistamines are one of the most common drugs that are used extensively in various dermatological and nondermatological conditions .
the use of h-1-antihistamines during pregnancy has been very controversial due to possible teratogenic effects of these drugs .
none of the antihistamines available today have been ... |
kaposi 's varicelliform eruption is a disseminated cutaneous infection usually caused by the herpes simplex virus ( hsv ) .
it predominantly occurs in patients with pre - existing active dermatosis and is characterized by disseminated vesiculopustules and erosions .
it is common in patients with atopic dermatitis... | kaposi 's varicelliform eruption is a cutaneous eruption caused by the herpes simplex virus and a few other viruses that infect persons with pre - existing dermatosis such as atopic dermatitis .
we report the case of a 56-year - old man who was treated with the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor , everolimus , f... |
the purpose of evidence - based medicine is to apply the best scientific evidence to clinical decision - making . in order to guide doctors and health professionals , the royal colleges publish guidelines and recommendations for good clinical practice within their respective specialties .
critics ( wright 2007 ) say ... | evidence - based medicine aims to translate scientific research into good medical practice .
the royal college of obstetricians and gynaecologists publishes recommendations and guidelines to guide clinicians in decision - making . in this study , the evidence base underlying the green - top guidelines has been analy... |
intestinal malrotation is a congenital abnormal position of the bowel within the peritoneal cavity . in cases of midgut volvulus ,
it is critical to make a diagnosis and to intervene immediately to avoid the potentially life - threatening consequence of intestinal necrosis , which in severe cases may lead to short bo... | abstractmidgut volvulus is a highly life - threatening condition that carries a high risk of short gut syndrome .
we report a case of catastrophic neonatal midgut volvulus in which second - look laparotomy revealed apparently non - viable remnant small intestine but with a moderate blood supply .
full - thickness s... |
the first two micrornas ( mirnas ) discovered , lin-4 and let-7 from caenorhabditis elegans , were described in 1993 and 2000 , respectively .
these two mirnas , which are both 21 nucleotides long , were found to be endogenous regulators of genes involved in developmental timing [ 1 , 2 ] . since then , hundreds of m... | abstractthe discovery of micrornas ( mirnas ) represents one of the most significant advances in biological and medical sciences in the last decade .
hundreds of mirnas have been identified in plants , viruses , animals and human beings , and these tiny , non - coding rna transcripts have been found to play crucial r... |
tartrazine ( ta ) and sunset yellow ( sy ) are synthetic food colors used most extensively as food additives , to improve the appearance , color , and texture of foods . when added in excess , however , these synthetic food colors can be pathogenic . to ensure food safety
, the chinese government has imposed rigorous... | we proposed a simple and effective method , by coupling ionic liquid - based aqueous two - phase systems ( il - atpss ) with high performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ) , for the analysis of determining tartrazine and sunset yellow in food samples . under the optimized conditions , il - atpss generated an extractio... |
methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) was initially reported as a nosocomial pathogen responsible for adult infections .
ca - mrsa has been recognized as a pathogen in adults and children without traditional risk factors for mrsa acquisition .
children colonized with mrsa are potential reservoirs for... | community associated methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus ( ca - mrsa ) is an emerging pathogen increasingly reported to cause skin and soft tissue infections for children .
the emergence of highly virulencet ca - mrsa strains in the immunodeficiency of young children seemed to be the basic explanation of the ... |
the world health organisation ( who ) recommends opioids for the relief of moderate to severe cancer pain .
oxycodone is metabolised in the liver mainly by cyp3a4 to noroxycodone , but also by cyp2d6 to oxymorphone , and via 6-keto reduction to - and -oxycodol .
cyp3a4 and cyp2d6 belong to the cytochrome p450 syste... | objectiveopioids are recommended by the world health organization for moderate to severe cancer pain .
oxycodone is one of the most commonly used opioids and is metabolized in the liver by cyp3a4 and cyp2d6 enzymes .
the aim of this cross - sectional study was to assess the relationship between oxycodone pharmacoki... |
helicobacter pylori is a gram - negative , spiral , catalase - positive , and urease - positive bacillus which contributes to a wide range of gastrointestinal ( gi ) and extra - gi diseases ( 1 , 2 ) . h. pylori has gained particular importance nowadays since it has infected about 50% of the world s population .
howe... | background and objectives : the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of classical and azithromycin - containing triple therapy eradication regimen against h. pylori in children , and to determine the level of patients tolerance.patients and methods : this single clinical trial was performed in 2014 on 2 to 15 yea... |
metabolic syndrome ( ms ) is characterized by the presence of insulin resistance , low - degree inflammation , dysglycemia , low plasma high - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl - c ) , increased triglycerides ( tg ) , elevated blood pressure , and abdominal obesity .
ms has been associated with an increased risk ... | background . garlic ( allium sativum ) has been shown to have important benefits in individuals at high cardiovascular risk .
the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the administration of aged garlic extract ( age ) on the risk factors that constitute the cluster of metabolic syndrome ( ms ) .
m... |
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s40119 - 014 - 0034 - 7 ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users .
patients undergoing structural and congenital heart interventions usually require large - sized sheath insertion into the femoral arteries .
hence , active management... | introductionpatients undergoing structural heart interventions often require large - sized sheath insertion into femoral arteries and veins . clinical outcome data on the use of suture - mediated devices for large femoral arterial access in structural heart interventions is limited .
we assessed the efficacy of the p... |
the compound muscle action potential ( cmap ) scan is a noninvasive diagnosis technique for neurodegenerative pathologies , such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) .
it allows a quick analysis of the muscle action potentials in response to motor nerve stimulation , by electrical stimulation applied on the surfa... | introduction . compound muscle action potential ( cmap )
scan is a noninvasive promissory technique for neurodegenerative pathologies diagnosis . in this work new cmap scan protocols
were implemented to study the influence of electrical pulse waveform on peripheral nerve excitability .
methods . a total of 13 hea... |
its effects are mediated principally through triiodothyronine ( t3 ) , which acts as a ligand for the th receptors ( trs ) 1 , 2 and 1 [ harvey and williams , 2002 ; yen , 2001 ] . in the classical model of genes positively regulated by th ,
the tr first binds as a heterodimer or homodimer on th response elements ( t... | thyroid hormone ( th ) action is mediated principally through binding of the hormone ligand , 3,3,5-triiodothyronine ( t3 ) , to th receptors ( trs ) .
this hormone - receptor interaction recruits other proteins to form complexes that regulate gene expression by binding to dna sequences in the promoter of target gene... |
the principle goal of sedation for eye surgery is to prepare the patients to stay calm during retrobulbar injection and surgery .
both insufficient sedation and deep sedation may lead to sudden movements by patients , which may potentially result in harmful complications during open eye surgery .
cognitive impairme... | objectives : to compare the effect of melatonin and gabapentin on anxiety , pain , sedation scores , and satisfaction of surgeon in patients of cataract surgery.materials and methods : one hundred thirty patients aged between 35 and 85 years scheduled for cataract surgery were randomly allocated to three study groups t... |
this risk must also be considered for patients who are using these medications for off - label inflammatory skin conditions .
we present the first patient with treatment - refractory sweet 's syndrome who developed disseminated nocardia brasilienses whilst on methylprednisolone and infliximab .
a 62-year - old whit... | a 62-year - old white man with a 10-year history of treatment - refractory sweet 's syndrome was admitted to the hospital with the onset of purpuric lesions .
methylprednisolone and infliximab were administered . our patient developed disseminated nocardia infection and eventually succumbed .
opportunistic infectio... |
atrial fibrillation is the most common heart arrhythmia affecting around 2.2 million people in the usa .
depending on the ablation device used , it is carried out using either electroanatomic mapping systems , an x - ray guided approach , or a combination of both .
x - ray guidance is , for example , required if a ... | for augmented fluoroscopy during cardiac ablation , a preoperatively acquired 3d model of a patient 's left atrium ( la ) can be registered to x - ray images recorded during a contrast agent ( ca ) injection .
an automatic registration method that works also for small amounts of ca is desired .
we propose two simil... |
inguinal herniorrhaphy is one of the most common elective procedures performed worldwide . in the united states
, an estimated 800,000 inguinal hernia repairs are performed each year , accounting for 10% to 15% of all surgical procedures .
however , there continues to remain controversy surrounding the optimal surg... | purpose : the purpose of this study was to compare the total hospital costs associated with elective laparoscopic and open inguinal herniorrhaphy.methods:a prospectively maintained database was used to identify patients who underwent elective inguinal herniorrhaphy from april 2009 to march 2011 .
a retrospective revi... |
surgical resection of lm is the only potentially curative modality , but it is possible in less than 20 percent of patients .
majority of patients are not suitable for surgical resection due to various clinical and technical reasons . for such patients , various non - surgical options
are three dimensional conforma... | purposeto study the safety and efficacy of high - dose - rate interstitial brachytherapy ( hdribt ) in patients with liver metastases ( lm).material and methodsbetween 2009 and 2011 , 10 patients with 12 metastatic lesions in the liver were enrolled in this prospective trial .
all patients had either refused surgery ... |
1 . an autoimmune mechanism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vitiligo in most cases .
2 . histamine mediates some actions through various interleukin pathways and elevated levels of serum soluble il-2 receptor , il6 , and il- 8 has been reported in vitiligo patients .
vitiligo is an acquired , idiopathic ... | background : the precise cause of vitiligo is still unclear .
multiple theories have been proposed , including genetic , autoimmune , neural , and biochemical mechanisms .
an immune mediated pathogenesis is indeed the most popular theory .
the autoimmune hypothesis considers the role of toxic mediator that might ... |
the course of the three major nerves crossing the elbow is quite consistent , yet in some instances variations are encountered particularly if the elbow has deformed following previous episode of fracture and surgery .
we present here a case of entrapment of radial nerve in the bone without any signs of nerve palsy r... | entrapment of a nerve in the callus of a healing fracture is not a common entity , but it does exist .
the entrapment usually presents without neurological deficit .
it is difficult to suspect the radial nerve injury if we need to operate on the same site .
we present a case of entrapment of radial nerve in the c... |
on page 24 of this issue of critical care , meduri introduces a new layer of complexity to our understanding of the inflammatory response in acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) .
he postulates that cytokines secreted by the host during ards may favor the growth of some strains of bacteria and consequently ex... | the recognition that neutrophils , macrophages , and other components of the inflammatory cascade participate in the generation and progression of acute lung injury / acute respiratory distress syndrome has resulted in the use of anti - inflammatory agents in an attempt to attenuate this inflammatory response and to pr... |
a total of 34 molecules with dpp iv inhibitory activity were selected for hqsar analysis and chemical structure constructed on the sketch module of sybyl x2.0 software .
the hqsar studies require the minimization of structure , calculation of the force field and charges .
the energy minimization and charge calculat... | comparative study was performed on 34 -amino amide derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase iv inhibitors in order to determine their structural requirement to enhance the antidiabetic activities .
hologram quantitative structure activity relationships models utilized specialized fragment fingerprints ( hologram length 35... |
initial research on informality viewed it as economic practice beyond the reach of the state , connected to the income generation activities of the urban sub - proletariat seek[ing ] informal means of increasing their incomes ( hart , 1973 : 67 ) .
subsequent scholarship broadened the concept to include unregulated ... | this article presents original research on relations between middle - class residents and informal - sector workers in delhi , india .
it shows how middle - class associations used their consumption preferences as well as relationships with local authorities to legitimize the work of street hawkers and waste workers ... |
cementodentinal junction ( cdj ) is the area at the interface between cementum and dentin .
the attachment of cementum to dentin is said to be due to the presence of adhesive proteoglycans primarily and secondarily due to fiber intermingling fortified by mineralization .
studies on cdj have proved that this junctio... | background : the cementodentinal junction ( cdj ) forms a biological and structural link between cementum and dentin .
this biological link is regarded as a distinct tissue in its own right .
certain important proteins responsible for periodontal regeneration are said to be present in this tissue .
few studies ha... |
efficient use of operating room ( or ) time is increasingly important in modern medicine , as delays in patient arrival , induction of anesthesia , surgical positioning , and recovery in the or all increase time in the or not spent operating .
computer simulations have determined that or utilization efficiency of 85 ... | study design
retrospective study.objective
efficient use of operating room time is important , as delays during induction or recovery increase time not spent operating while in the operating room .
we identified factors that increase anesthetized , nonoperative time by utilizing a database of over 5,000 consecuti... |
endovascular embolization has become a common method for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms in many centers of the usa and europe [ 1 , 2 ] . however , coiled aneurysms present a significant rate of recanalization , which occurs in approximately 20 % of patients [ 3 , 4 ] . due to the possibility of recanalizatio... | introductionthe possibility of recanalization and the need for retreatment are the most important limitations of intracranial aneurysm embolization . the purpose of the study was to compare the size of aneurysm remnants measured at follow - up with three - dimensional digital subtracted angiography ( 3d - dsa ) and mag... |
endophytic actinobacteria have a capacity to produce numerous secondary metabolites with a mass of biological activity , such as antibiotics , antitumor and anti - infection agents , plant growth promoters and enzymes , and may promote plant establishment under adverse environmental stresses . introducing such bacteria... | paenibacillus dauci sp . nov . ,
a new kind of endophytic actinobacteria , is separated from the inner tissues of carrot sample , which forms intimated associations with carrot acting as biological control agents .
here we report a 5.37-mb assembly of its genome sequence and other useful information , including the... |
diabetic nephropathy ( dn ) is the leading cause of end - stage renal disease .
mesangial cell proliferation , excessive extracellular matrix ( ecm ) proteins accumulation , basement membrane thickening , mesangial expansion , and other mesangial region lesions are involved in the renal pathological process , which u... | diabetic nephropathy ( dn ) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus ( dm ) .
however , the exact mechanism is not clearly understood . in this study
, our results showed that 24 h urinary protein , kidney index , and glomerular area were decreased , while creatinine clearance ratio was increas... |
peritoneal dialysis ( pd ) is a well - established means of renal replacement therapy .
a tenckhoff catheter is electively inserted into the peritoneal cavity before pd starts . after a healing period of at least two weeks
500 ml volumes are used for the first two days of training and titrated upwards , based on b... | pressure related complications such as abdominal wall hernias occur with relative frequency in patients on peritoneal dialysis .
less frequently , a transudative pleural effusion containing dialysate can develop .
this phenomenon appears to be due to increased intra - abdominal pressure in the setting of congenital... |
we have reported a 78 year old man with complaint of abdominal pain and vomiting . in patients
preoperative evaluation for surgical management of an intra - abdominal mass , a large intracardiac mass has found incidentally during the echocardiography .
pathologic biopsy of right atrial mass that has removed by o... | introduction : cardiac involvement as an initial presentation of malignant lymphoma has been a rare occurrence.case presentation : we have reported a 78 year old man with complaint of abdominal pain and vomiting . in patients
preoperative evaluation for surgical management of an intra - abdominal mass , a large intra... |
it was recently revealed that one quarter of paediatric intensive care beds in holland are closed and that many critically ill children have to be transferred to receive care .
problems organizing paediatric intensive care exist in most health care systems . if we are to avoid crises such as this then we have to so... | problems with commissioning paediatric intensive care stem both from difficulties in recruitment and retention of nurses , and from incoherent or nonexistent national audit .
pyramidal career structures and patterns of remuneration that concentrate on administrative responsibility over clinical skills underlie the fo... |
lead is an element that expanded on the environment as a result of human activity during the past thousands of years .
lead poisoning is due to increased levels of lead in the body ( 1 ) and hasnt specific signs or symptoms .
lead is found in a variety of organs including the heart , bones , intestines , kidneys an... | background : lead elements have an adverse effect on human health .
the most important complications of lead poisoning are disorders of nervous system particularly seizure .this study aimed to evaluate the blood lead levels and its association with convulsion in a group of hospitalized febrile children .
methods :... |
the index patient , a 26-year - old woman , was admitted to the infectious disease ward of a university hospital with a temperature of 40c and myalgias 3 days after she returned from a 3-week trip to cambodia and thailand .
she was discharged in good condition after the fever subsided . on the day of admission of the... | recent transmission of dengue viruses has increased in tropical and subtropical areas and in industrialized countries because of international travel .
we describe a case of nosocomial transmission of dengue virus in germany by a needlestick injury .
diagnosis was made by taqman reverse transcription polymerase ch... |
dental identification can be used for identifying the deceased or the assailant in a crime scene or for identification of victims of a mass disaster . in the asia pacific region , because of its wide range of variations in topography and climatic conditions , india is a disaster prone country with an average of eight m... | dental identification plays a key role in mass casualties and is usually based on disturbances of tooth eruption , malocclusions and/or previous dental treatments , changes brought about by age , pathological conditions and developmental disturbances .
tooth transposition is a disturbance of tooth eruption and is def... |
ctc are usually detected in the peripheral circulation , but we can find ctc in other body fluids like the cerebrospinal fluids or the urines . the limitations to discover the ctc in these fluids are the same than in the blood circulation .
however , it is possible to extract a relatively big amount of blood without ... | liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer in men and the seventh in women . during the past 20 years
, the incidence of hcc has tripled while the 5-year survival rate has remained below 12% .
the presence of circulating tumor cells ( ctc ) reflects the aggressiveness nature of a tumor .
many attempts have been... |
the american dental association ( ada ) defines dental amalgam as an alloy composed of mercury , silver , tin , and copper along with other metallic elements added to improve physical and mechanical properties .
dental amalgam has been an accepted part of dental treatment for more than 170 years [ 25 ] .
mackert an... | objective .
the purpose of this review paper is to review the literature regarding the toxicology of mercury from dental amalgam and evaluate current statements on dental amalgam .
materials and methods .
two key - words dental amalgam and toxicity were used to search publications on dental amalgam biocompati... |
endodontic treatment aims to disinfect and to shape the root canals in order to make
easy the irrigation procedures and the placement of root canal dressing of filling
material .
the preservation of
the radicular anatomy is one of the most important concerns during root canal
preparation .
some enlargement ... | objectivethis study has two aims : 1 ) to evaluate the apical transportation of the wizard cd
plus and protaper universal after preparation of simulated root canals ; 2 ) to
compare , with adobe photoshop , the ability of a new software ( regeemy ) in
superposing and subtracting images .
material and methodstwe... |
deep venous thrombosis ( dvt ) is a complication well - known to be associated with nephrotic syndrome . in patients with nephrotic syndrome ,
dvt is reported to be observed mostly in the lower extremities , renal veins , and pulmonary arteries [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] . however , there are no reports of dvt developing in the u... | deep venous thrombosis ( dvt ) in the upper extremities is a rare but important clinical illness , which leads to severe complications such as pulmonary embolism . unlike dvt in the lower extremities , which is mainly induced by a hypercoagulable state , dvt in the upper extremities
is usually caused by mechanical ob... |
major depressive disorder ( mdd ) constitutes the first leading cause of years lived with disability , and its incidence is on the rise globally . yet , until recently , little was known about its pathogenesis , as these conditions are not associated with relevant brain alterations or clear animal models for spontaneou... | it is widely accepted that changes underlying depression and antidepressant - like effects involve not only alterations in the levels of neurotransmitters as monoamines and their receptors in the brain , but also structural and functional changes far beyond . during the last two decades
, emerging theories are provid... |
odontogenic cysts are caused from odontogenic epithelium in the process of dental apparatus development and can be originated from one part of dental organ .
inflammatory cysts have an inflammatory reason but the cause of the developmental type is unknown .
odontogenic cysts can cause bone inflation , teeth mobilit... | background : odontogenic cysts are relatively common lesions which can cause different complications . as demographic information is lacking in iran and specially in isfahan , the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of odontogenic cysts according to age , gender and affected area among patients referring ... |
photocuring is the key technique for the
preparation of films and
coatings as it offers a broad and economic application spectrum for
industry . during the curing process
it absorbs energy from
a photon either in a direct or an indirect process , transferring it
into chemical energy . after the excitation p... | typical bimolecular photoinitiators ( pis ) for radical
polymerization
of acrylates show only poor photoreactivity because of the undesired
effect of back electron transfer . to overcome this limitation , pis
consisting of a benzaldoxime ester and
various sensitizers based on
aromatic ketones were introduce... |
samples of vegetation affected by the typical fusarium wilt were collected from several areas by cutting the infected part of the stem from the zucchini plants .
the infected tissues were surface - sterilized with a 1% naocl solution for 1min and rinsed 2~3 times with sterilized distilled water . after drying , we cu... | fusarium wilt of zucchini in jeonju , korea , was first noticed in may 2013 . symptoms included wilting of the foliage , drying and withering of older leaves , and stunting of plants . infected plants eventually died during growth . based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the molecular marke... |
the gastrointestinal tract is the most common site of extranodal non - hodgkin 's lymphoma ( nhl ) and the small bowel is considered the most commonly affected part of the gastrointestinal tract .
lymphoma of the hepatobiliary system usually presents as secondary manifestation of systemic malignant lymphoma . however... | primary non - hodgkin 's lymphoma of the common bile duct is extremely rare .
we present a case with history of inflammatory bowel disease and clinical manifestations of obstructive jaundice .
abdominal magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography ( mrcp ) was done and demonstrated ti... |
since the discovery of transposable elements ( tes ) in corn ,
dna sequencing has revealed that genomes of eukaryotic organisms are largely comprised
of evolutionarily significant tes responsible for creation of considerable genetic
diversity .
the movement of transposable
elements is either autonomous or dep... | we describe discovery in beta vulgaris l. of coe1 , a dna transposase gene within putative long terminal repeats ( ltrs ) , and other retrotransposon - like features including both a retroviral - like hypothetical gene and an rvt2-domain reverse transcriptase pseudogene .
the central dna transposase gene encodes , in... |
acne inversa ( formerly hidradenitis suppurativa ) is a rare chronic and debilitating inflammatory skin disease .
it forms inflammatory nodules , abscesses , fistulas , and scars in the apocrine - gland - bearing regions [ 1 , 2 ] .
the disease usually occurs after puberty and starts in the areas , where there is s... | acne inversa is a rare chronic and debilitating inflammatory skin disease.the authors report a case of a 45-year old male who presented with acne inversa in the inguinal , perineal , and scrotal areas . after unsatisfactory pharmacological treatment
a wide surgical excision of the affected skin was performed in stage... |
the tiny protrusions emerging from dendrites known as dendritic spines are the primary subcellular locations of excitatory synapses in the mammalian central nervous system .
dendritic spines are typically ~1 - 2 m in length and 0.51 m in width of the spine head , with diverse morphologies , such as mushroomlike , s... | dendritic spines are the location of excitatory synapses in the mammalian nervous system and are neuron - specific subcellular structures essential for neural circuitry and function .
dendritic spine morphology is determined by the f - actin cytoskeleton .
f - actin remodeling must coordinate with different stages ... |
the patients were prospectively recruited in the diabetes department of jean verdier hospital between 1992 and 2006 .
eligibility criteria included type 2 diabetes ; no history of myocardial infarction or angina pectoris ; normal 12-lead resting electrocardiogram ( ecg ) ; and presence of at least one of the followin... | objectiveto evaluate if silent myocardial ischemia ( smi ) and silent coronary artery disease ( cad ) provide significant additional value to routine cardiovascular risk assessment in type 2 diabetic patients.research design and methodswe followed up to a first cardiovascular event 688 subjects ( 322 men , aged 59 8 y... |
posterolateral rotary knee dislocation is a rare orthopedic injury that is considered to be irreducible by closed reduction because of soft tissue incarceration . here ,
we present a case of posterolateral rotary knee dislocation , which was reduced by closed manipulation .
the patientwas a 33-year - old man who su... | introduction : posterolateral rotary knee dislocation is a rare orthopedic injury that is considered to be irreducible by closed reduction because of soft tissue incarceration . here , we present a case of posterolateral rotary knee dislocation , which was reduced by closed manipulation.case report : the patientwas a 3... |
in early 2016 , we sent a 70-question survey to the original 56 designated us hlius , including the 10 resptcs .
results were collected through adobe acrobat pro ( https://acrobat.adobe.com/us/en/acrobat/acrobat-pro.html ) and analyzed by using descriptive statistics .
the university of nebraska medical center inst... | to identify barriers to maintaining and applying capabilities of us high - level isolation units ( hlius ) used during the ebola virus disease outbreak , during 2016 we surveyed hlius .
hlius identified sustainability challenges and reported the highly infectious diseases they would treat .
hlius expended substanti... |
we appreciate prof . di guardo s interest in our recent work published in nature methods where we describe that a subpopulation of cancer stem cells ( cscs ) present in numerous epithelial solid tumors contains intracellular autofluorescent vesicles .
we would like to take this opportunity , however , to formally add... | since the first description of cellular autofluorescence over a century ago , we have now come to appreciate that autofluorescence should not be discarded as a biological artifact but embraced as a biological phenomenon with potentially important cellular relevance . indeed , cellular and tissue autofluorescence has be... |
the triathlon is a relatively new sport with only three decades of competition at international level .
the triathlon involves a combination of three separate disciplines - swimming , cycling and running .
the order of events is usually swimming , cycling , and running although some professional sprint triathlons v... | introductionthe triathlon involves a combination of three separate disciplines - swimming , cycling and running . to date
, very few studies have been conducted on the anthropometric characteristics of the new zealand junior elite triathletes .
the aim of this study was to determine the correlation between physical... |
malaria is one of the major public health problems worldwide causing more than one million deaths each year .
it is widespread in hot humid regions of africa , asia , and south and central america . according to world health organization (
nearly 85% of malaria is caused by plasmodium falciparum and is responsible ... | introduction .
multidrug resistance of plasmodium falciparum is spreading throughout africa .
this has posed major challenges to malaria control in sub - saharan africa .
objective .
the aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of artemether - lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated plasmodium falc... |
antibodies are multifunctional glycoproteins ,
able to bind antigens
through variable fab domains and cellular receptors via the constant
fc region .
this dual functionality enables the recruitment of the
cellular immune system to sites of infection by antibody - dependent
cellular cytotoxity ( adcc ) and a... | human igg fc glycosylation modulates immunological effector
functions
such as antibody - dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis .
engineering of fc glycans therefore enables fine - tuning of the therapeutic
properties of monoclonal antibodies .
the n - linked glycans of fc are
typically complex - ... |
within the decade , treatment of urinary incontinence and prolapse using meshes has gained popularity .
the use of synthetic meshes is becoming increasingly common to optimize surgical outcome and to reduce recurrence rates .
it allows the development of new connective tissue , which is deficient in genital prolaps... | bladder perforation is a complication which can occur after a prolift procedure and may enhance vesicovaginal fistula formation . different methods of management of bladder perforation caused by mesh procedures are described in the literature , and most authors advise complete excision of the mesh . in the case describ... |
eif4e - binding protein 1 castration - resistant prostate cancer eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4e mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 tumor suppression protein 53 positron emission tomography phosphatase and tensin homolog
accelerated glucose metabolism in cancer cells under aerobic conditions , a phen... | aerobic glycolysis , known as the warburg effect , is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells .
we recently reported that the hexokinase 2 ( hk2)-mediated warburg effect is required for castration - resistant prostate cancer that is driven by pten / p53 deficiency , suggesting that hk2 might be a therapeutic target for ... |
natural killer ( nk ) cells are derived from bone marrow - derived lymphocytes and belong to the innate immune system .
in contrast to t and b cells , activation of nk cells is controlled by germ line - encoded receptors that do not undergo somatic dna recombination and mutation .
nk cells can provide early immune ... | natural killer ( nk ) cells play a pivotal role in early surveillance against virus infection and cellular transformation , and are also implicated in the control of inflammatory response through their effector functions of direct lysis of target cells and cytokine secretion .
nk cell activation toward target cell is... |
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s40121 - 015 - 0100-z ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users .
linezolid ( lzd ) is an oxazolidinone antibiotic characterized by a wide spectrum of activity against gram - positive pathogens resistant to -lactams and glycopeptides , ... | introductionfew studies have investigated the effect of increased creatinine clearance ( crcl ) on linezolid ( lzd ) concentration .
herein , we report the pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic ( pk / pd ) profile of lzd used in the management of methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) pneumonia with conco... |
cystic fibrosis ( cf ) is one of the most
common genetic diseases
among caucasians .
the illness is best known for affecting the respiratory
system , where the lungs become obstructed with thick sticky mucus ,
resulting in difficulty breathing and increased susceptibility to
bacterial infections .
the dis... | cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease caused by mutations
in the
gene for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( cftr )
protein . in vitro experiments
have demonstrated that 4-methyl-2-(5-phenyl-1h - pyrazol-3-yl)phenol ( vrt-532 , 1 ) is able
to partially restore the function of mutant cftr... |
sunlight absorption by biological molecules plays a crucial role in life development and sustains the earths energy cycle ; as a counterpart , photoprotective mechanisms are necessary to minimize the potential damage of the uv portion of the solar spectrum that reaches organisms.1 the interest in natural uv photoprotec... | gadusol shows one of the simplest structures among a series of natural uv - absorbing compounds that have been related to the photoprotective and antioxidant functions in aquatic organisms .
caspt2//casscf methodology was used to carry out a theoretical study on this basic structure in order to describe the underlyin... |
subependymomas are uncommonly encountered ependymal tumors , accounting for less than 1% of all intracranial neoplasms and are distinguished from ordinary ependymomas by their overall better prognosis .
it has been reported that there is 0.7% incidence of subependymoma among 1,000 patients with pathologically proven ... | a rare case of subependymoma in a young patient presenting with sensory dysesthesia is reported .
computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a posterior fossa mass occluding the fourth ventricle with infiltration to the right side immediately behind the pontine tegmentum and impinging on the rig... |
tailgut cysts or retrorectal cystic hamartomas are rare congenital presacral lesions identified in all age groups . they are believed to arise from the remnants of the embryonic hindgut .
malignancy in tailgut cysts is extremely rare , the majority being adenocarcinomas and carcinoid tumors .
a unique feature of ou... | abstractretrorectal cystic hamartomas are rare congenital presacral lesions and malignancy is extremely rare .
although surgical excision is the essential for treatment , a unique feature of our case compared with previously reported tailgut cysts is that this patient 's blood irregular antibodies are positive with h... |
determinar o impacto da implantao de um sistema informatizado de suporte deciso clnica combinado com seminrios instrucionais na utilizao de profilaxia para tromboembolia venosa ( tev ) de forma adequada .
estudo transversal em duas fases ( antes e depois da implantao de um novo protocolo de profilaxia para tev ) par... | objective : to determine the impact that implementing a combination of a computer - based clinical decision support system and a program of training seminars has on the use of appropriate prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism ( vte ) .
methods : we conducted a cross - sectional study in two phases ( prior to and aft... |
down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder , occurring in every 700 to 1000 births .
the average life expectancy of down syndrome patients has been prolonged , up to 50 yr according to recent reports ( 1 ) . with this longer life expectancy
, it is getting more and more important for down syndrome patien... | in this study , we investigated the effects of gh treatment in children with down syndrome who had been diagnosed with gh deficiency ( ghd ) .
a total of 20 subjects were investigated in this study .
fourteen down syndrome children ( 5 boys and 9 girls ) with short stature due to ghd were treated with gh at okayama... |
a circuit level understanding of immune cells and hematological
cancers has been severely impeded by a lack of techniques that enable
intracellular perturbation without significantly altering cell viability
and function .
here , we demonstrate that vertical silicon nanowires
( nws ) enable gene - specific man... | |
as soon as the pre - mrna has been transcribed from dna in the nucleus , it is processed into a mature ribonucleoprotein ( mrnp ) particle , which is competent to be exported from the nucleus .
the tho complex , a nuclear protein complex conserved from yeast to humans , is involved in the biogenesis of mrnp particles... | the tho complex is a key component in the co - transcriptional formation of messenger ribonucleoparticles that are competent to be exported from the nucleus , yet its precise function is unknown . a recent study in bmc biology on the role of the thoc5 subunit in cell physiology and mouse development provides new clues ... |
melanins are biological pigments that
are found in human skin in two forms : black / brown eumelanin and red / brown
pheomelanin . pump
this
technology has shown that increased eumelanin content correlates with
increasing severity of a melanoma diagnosis .
recently , we found that pump probe microscopy is ... | ultrafast pump probe measurements
can discriminate the two forms of melanin found in biological tissue
( eumelanin and pheomelanin ) , which may be useful for diagnosing and
grading melanoma .
however , recent work has shown that bound iron content
changes eumelanin s pump probe response , making it more
... |
molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography ( pet ) and single photon emission computed tomography ( spect ) enable the in vivo characterization and measurement of biologic processes using high - affinity and high - specificity molecular probes .
pet and spect use molecules labeled with a radion... | molecular imaging techniques have a number of advantages for research into the pathophysiology and treatment of central nervous system ( cns ) disorders .
firstly , they provide a noninvasive means of characterizing physiological processes in the living brain , enabling molecular alterations to be linked to clinical ... |
cranioplasty is performed for calvarial defects due to the facts that this region is vulnerable to trauma , calvarial defects may cause cerebral atrophy and convulsions or for cosmetic purposes7,10,12 ) .
improvement of neurological deficits , control of convulsions and partial prevention of cerebral atrophy are achi... | cranioplasty is performed using autograft and allograft materials on patients to whom craniectomy was applied previously due to the facts that , this region is open to trauma and the scalp makes irritation and pressure onto the brain paranchyma causing brain atrophy and convulsions .
dramatical improvement of neurolo... |
during the past 20 years , gtp - binding proteins of the rho family have been identified as essential players in many cellular functions , and the basics of their biology have been reviewed extensively .
this branch of the ras super family encompasses 22 genes in humans , of which rho , rac and cdc42 are the best cha... | the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton and its regulation by rho gtpases are essential to maintain cell shape , to allow cell motility and are also critical during cell cycle progression and mitosis .
rho gtpases and their effectors are involved in cell rounding at mitosis onset , in chromosomes alignment and are req... |
the precise mechanism of ribosomal peptide bond formation was always a matter of controversial debates starting from the assumption that a ribosomal protein of the 50s subunit catalyses protein synthesis .
the ph dependence of the reaction suggested an ionizable group with a pka value between 7 and 8 , thus a histidi... | the ribosome is a large rnp complex but its main enzymatic activity , the peptidyl transferase , is a ribozyme .
as many rna enzymes use divalent metal ions in catalysis , one of the hypotheses put forward proposed that metal ions might aid peptide bond formation . to be able to test a possible coordination of a meta... |
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