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the main reasons for the widespread use of thyroid sonography are availability , low cost , limited discomfort to the patient , and absence of ionizing radiation .
sonography has many favourable features , such as detection of nonpalpable nodules , estimation of nodule size / goiter volume , and guidance for fine nee... | although elastography can enhance the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules , its diagnostic performance is not ideal at present .
further improvements in the technique and creation of robust diagnostic criteria are necessary .
the purpose of this study was to compare the usefulness of strain elastography and a... |
dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by interactions between acidogenic
bacteria , biofilm and individual caries risk factors ( e.g. , saliva composition , fluoride
exposure and dietary components ) . in
a global context ,
its prevalence is still high , particularly in children . because dental cari... | identifying caries risk factors is an important measure which contributes to best
understanding of the cariogenic profile of the patient .
the cariogram software
provides this analysis , and protocols simplifying the method were suggested.objectivesthe aim of this study was to determine whether a newly developed ... |
ubb , a loss - of - function variant of ubiquitin b ( ubb ) , accumulates in neurofibrillary tangles , a pathological hallmark in alzheimer s disease ( ad ) ( van leeuwen et al . , 1998 ) .
ubb is translated from an aberrant mrna encoding a + 1 frameshift protein in which the c - terminal glycine residue required ... | summaryneuronal accumulation of ubb+1 , a frameshift variant of ubiquitin b , is a hallmark of alzheimer s disease ( ad ) .
how ubb+1 contributes to neuronal dysfunction remains elusive . here
, we show that in brain regions of ad patients with neurofibrillary tangles ubb+1 co - exists with vms1 , the mitochondrion... |
pseudomonas aeruginosa ( p. aeruginosa ) is an aerobic gram - negative bacterium ; that is ubiquitous , exist in aqueous habitats , and take advantage of humid environments .
it is also saprophytic and naturally resistant to antibiotics ( beta - lactams , hydrophilic ) , and may become an opportunistic pathogen respo... | objectives : the purpose of this study was to obtain a natural antibiotic from phenol - rich compounds ; for the dressing and the treatment of chronic wounds.methods:the phenol - rich compound sweet gel was prepared by blending four natural herbal extracts , acacia catechu ( l.f . ) , momia ( shilajit ) , castanea sati... |
oral cancer is considered as an international health disease that affects an individual 's health , psychology , lifestyle , and loads the whole family with its effect . on the other hand ,
these kinds of diseases load the governments as well with economical overheads including the need for developmental programs and... | aim : the purpose of this study was the early detection of premalignant and malignant oral soft lesions by fluorescent light ( velscope).materials and methods : a total of 748 patients were evaluated through clinical and fluorescent light analysis of the entire oral cavity .
any lesion that was detected underwent a s... |
frontal fibrosing alopecia ( ffa ) is increasingly considered as a distinct variant of lichen planopilaris ( lpp ) , with scarring alopecia of frontotemporal hairline and nonscarring alopecia of the eyebrows .
ffa and graham little piccardi syndrome ( glps ) can be considered as spectrum of a disease as per the cur... | graham little piccardi syndrome ( glps ) is a rare form of follicular lichen planus and comprises cicatricial alopecia of the scalp , noncicatricial alopecia of the axillae , and/or pubis and spinous follicular papules involving the trunk and extremities .
we herein report a classic case of glps in a 49-year - old ... |
iron insufficiency has been proposed to play a central role in restless legs syndrome ( rls ) pathophysiology indicated primarily by the secondary causes of rls such as pure iron deficiency anemia and end stage renal disease or pregnancy which are both associated with altered iron metabolism .
it has also been shown ... | using a t2 * gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) sequence , regional t2 signal intensity ( si ) values , a surrogate marker for t2 values , were determined in 12 regions of interest ( substantia nigra , pallidum , caudate head , thalamus , occipital white matter , and frontal white matter bilaterally ) and... |
percutaneous radiofrequency ( rf ) ablation is a minimally invasive and nonsurgical technique used to treat various solid tumors .
many studies have shown that this technique is safe and effective in treating hepatic and renal tumors [ 13 ] .
recent investigations of rf ablation s practicability and outcome as a su... | one of the main issues with radiofrequency ( rf ) ablation of the subpleural lung malignancy is pain management during and after rf ablation . in this article , we present a case that utilized a technique to decrease the pain associated with rf ablation of a malignancy located within the subpleural lung . under ct guid... |
paratuberculosis ( map ) , is a disease affecting mainly domestic but also wild ruminants , including mouflons ( ovis musimon ; wild sheep ) [ 13 ] . in wild ruminants ,
paratuberculosis often manifests subclinically without overt symptoms which makes the disease more concerning from an epidemiological point of view ... | there is no european legislation concerning paratuberculosis that requires that imported animals be kept in quarantine and commonly they are directly released into areas with other animals . in this study ,
detection of latent infection of paratuberculosis in healthy mouflons previously diagnosed as paratuberculosis ... |
the host colonization by microbiota is a gradual and complex process initiated by the exposure of newborns to the maternal vagina or skin microbiota , according to the mode of delivery , which fluctuates throughout life due to external and internal factors , including dietary habits , antibiotic treatments and host dis... | the relationship between host organisms and their microbiota has co - evolved towards an inter - dependent network of mutualistic interactions .
this interplay is particularly well studied in the gastrointestinal tract , where microbiota and host immune cells can modulate each other directly , as well as indirectly ,... |
insulin resistance syndromes are a heterogeneous group of disorders with variable clinical phenotypes , associated with increased blood glucose and insulin levels .
hyperglycemia did not respond to age appropriate insulin dosage ; therefore , insulin dosage was increased , but did not lead to appropriate glycemic con... | backgroundinsulin resistance syndromes are a heterogeneous group of disorders with variable clinical phenotypes , associated with increased blood glucose and insulin levels.case presentationherein , a 10-year old girl with abnormal face and dentition is presented
. she has suffered from diabetes mellitus type i since... |
low back pain ( lbp ) is an extremely prevalent and costly condition , affecting over 90% of adults in the united states at some point during their lifetime.1 the prevalence of chronic lbp in the us has increased from 3.9% in 1992 to 10.2% in 2006.2 claims associated with lbp among medicare beneficiaries increased by 1... | introductionthe economic burden associated with the treatment of low back pain ( lbp ) in the united states is significant .
lbp caused by sacroiliac ( si ) joint disruption / degenerative sacroiliitis is most commonly treated with nonoperative care and/or open si joint surgery .
new and effective minimally invasiv... |
the health benefits of the use of radiation in medical practice are nowadays widely acknowledged . nevertheless ,
for instance , the risks for pregnant women , more precisely for their embryo / fetus to develop structural and functional brain defects , have been described based on epidemiological studies from atomic ... | ionizing radiation is omnipresent .
we are continuously exposed to natural ( e.g. , radon and cosmic ) and man - made radiation sources , including those from industry but especially from the medical sector .
the increasing use of medical radiation modalities , in particular those employing low - dose radiation suc... |
ec coupling relies on a supramolecular complex between dhpr , which is the tt voltage sensor , and the ryr1 , which is the sr ca release channel . the distinctive spatial relationship between these two proteins
was revealed using freeze fracture shadowing electron microscopy . on the sr terminal cisternae side of th... | excitation contraction coupling , the rapid and massive ca2 + release under control of an action potential that triggers muscle contraction , takes places at specialized regions of the cell called triad junctions .
there , a highly ordered supramolecular complex between the dihydropyridine receptor ( dhpr ) and the r... |
parathyroid glands are located behind the thyroid gland that produces parathyroid hormones ( pth ) .
pth has a main role in bone formation , vitamin d activation occurred in the kidney by pth that leads to intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate re - absorption .
the primary function of pth is to maintain th... | parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone ( pth ) .
pth has a main role in bone formation .
hyperparathyroidism ( hpt ) is explained as primary , secondary and tertiary types defined as overproduction of pth . the brown tumor or osteitis fibrosa cystica is a benign bone lesion that is caused by hpt .
this co... |
shigellosis is among the most common causes of bacterial diarrheal disease in both developing and developed countries .
shigella consists of four serogroups including serogroup a ( s. dysenteriae ) , serogroup b ( s. flexneri ) , serogroup c ( s. boydii ) and serogroup d ( s. sonnei ) .
it is one of the major cause... | abstractbackgroundshigella sonnei is considered as a major cause of diarrheal disease in both developing and developed countries .
iran is one of the endemic areas of shigellosis .
the present study was undertaken to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility and genetic relatedness of s. sonnei strains isolated fro... |
the efficacy of antitumor necrosis factor ( tnf- ) , infliximab , has been shown to be effective in various disease treatment including crohn s disease ( cd ) . however , there is limited information in the use of infliximab in patients on hemodialysis .
although the highest incidence in cd is among younger generati... | abstractthere is limited information in the use of antitumor necrosis factor , infliximab , in patients on hemodialysis . in crohn s disease ( cd ) , only 3 cases are reported.a 76-year - old man on hemodialysis for renal failure caused by immunoglobulin a nephropathy developed diarrhea and abdominal pains . a marked ... |
cyanine dyes have been shown to undergo reversible photoswitching , where the fluorophore can be switched between a fluorescent state and a dark state upon illumination at different wavelengths .
the photochemical mechanism by which switching occurs has yet to be elucidated . in this study , we have determined the me... | |
gastrointestinal toxicity induced by non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) is one of the major causes of peptic ulcers . due to its widespread use
, low - dose aspirin ( lda ) , which is used for prophylaxis of atherothrombotic diseases , plays an important role in the occurrence of peptic ulcers . in ... | the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of mucosal injury in patients taking low - dose aspirin in japan and examine the effect of gastric mucoprotective drugs on aspirin - related gastroduodenal toxicity .
we selected 530 patients who had taken low - dose aspirin for 1 month or more after under... |
the axillary crutch is an assistive device that supports the gait of patients with lower
limb impairments .
however , crutch walking has several unresolved issues , including the
appropriate length of the crutch1 , crutch
palsy2 , palmar pain during crutch weight
bearing3 , and deviation of the axillary
pad... | [ purpose ] the aim of this study was to analyze the crutch position in the horizontal
plane to confirm the stability of the axillary pad during double - crutch walking .
[ subjects ] twelve healthy young subjects ( 6 males and 6 females ) .
[ methods ] the subjects
were asked to walk in a straight line , using... |
breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide ( 1 , 2 ) and is the second most common malignancy newly diagnosed in korean women .
more than 15000 women were newly diagnosed with breast cancer in 2011 , and breast cancer was in second ( 21.5% ) place among all newly diagnosed cancers in korea... | women who have been treated for breast cancer are at risk for second breast cancers , such as ipsilateral recurrence or contralateral metachronous breast cancer . as the number of breast cancer survivors increases , interest in patient management and surveillance after treatment
has also increased .
however , post ... |
from 1994 through 2005 , epidemiologic data on animal - related injuries and associated postexposure prophylaxis ( pep ) treatment were prospectively collected for marseille rabies treatment centre patients .
only patients who had been injured in france were selected ; rabies pep for travelers who were injured abroad... | the administration of human rabies postexposure prophylaxis near marseille ( southern france ) has changed since the eradication of terrestrial mammal rabies in 2001 .
most injuries were associated with indigenous dogs ; rabies vaccine was overprescribed .
we suggest that the world health organization guidelines be... |
leflunomide ( lef ) is a disease - modifying antirheumatic drug for treating rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) .
its efficacy was established by double - blind , randomized controlled trials . a 5-year follow - up
study demonstrated comparative safety profile as in the phase iii trial , showing no excessive pulmonary adv... | abstractpatients with rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) often have pulmonary involvement , and interstitial lung disease ( ild ) is the primary manifestation , in which diffuse alveolar damage ( dad ) is a rare histopathologic pattern .
leflunomide ( lef ) is a frequently prescribed disease - modifying antirheumatic drug f... |
to report a case of choroidal excavation accompanied by vogt - koyanagi - harada disease ( vkh ) .
a 54-year - old japanese woman who was complaining of bilateral blurring of vision associated with headache underwent optical coherence tomography ( oct ) , fluorescein angiography , and indocyanine green angiography as... | purposeto report a case of choroidal excavation accompanied by vogt - koyanagi - harada disease ( vkh).methodsa 54-year - old japanese woman who was complaining of bilateral blurring of vision associated with headache underwent optical coherence tomography ( oct ) , fluorescein angiography , and indocyanine green angio... |
the metabolic syndrome ( ms ) is a complex metabolic disturbance that includes several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases , such as systemic artery hypertension , atherogenic dyslipidemia , insulin resistance ( with or without glucose intolerance ) and prothrombotic and proinflammatory tendencies .
the syndrome... | background : the metabolic syndrome is a complex metabolic disturbance due to an interaction between genetic factors , poor dietary habits and physical inactivity.aims:to investigate the role of dietary intake on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a population of elderly , socially active women in brazil.patie... |
many headache sufferers complaint that headache leads to sleep disruption in them while on the other hand , inadequate sleep leads to increased frequency , severity , and chronicity of headache .
this relationship is well documented in primary headache disorders , particularly in chronic headache sufferers as compare... | objective : studies related to sleep disorders and polysomnography ( psg ) among chronic daily headache patients are rare .
we studied this and compared chronic migraine ( cm ) with chronic tension - type headache.methods:eighty-three patients were recruited .
they were evaluated by semi - structured interview , he... |
osteoporosis associated with hemochromatosis in men was first described by delbarre in 1960 and confirmed by pawlotsky et al . in 1979 .
hemochromatosis due to excess tissue iron storage is frequently due to a homozygous mutation , cysteine to tyrosine , c282y , in the hfe gene .
the prevalence of osteoporosis in... | mutations in the hfe gene may be associated with increased tissue iron stores reflected in an elevated serum ferritin . with homozygous mutation c282y
, the increase in serum ferritin may be associated with tissue damage in the liver , pancreas , and pituitary and with a reduced bone mineral density . with heterozygo... |
osteoarthritis of the knee is a common problem in the elderly patients with a lifetime risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis approaching 45% .
intraarticular corticosteroid injection is a common conservative management modality in treatment of osteoarthritis of knee .
bellamy et al . in 2008 showed a well - estab... | osteoarthritis of knee is one of the common problems in elderly population .
intraarticular corticosteroid injection is a conservative management modality in osteoarthritis of knee .
septic arthritis is an infective complication of intraarticular corticosteroid injection . septic arthritis in rheumatoid arthritis p... |
derived from the foxglove plant , cardiac glycosides have been used for the treatment of heart failure for more than 200 years and are continued to be used today for patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure . currently , cardioactive steroid toxicity has become a well - known entity that even now , continues... | classically derived from toad venom , bufadienolides are a group of cardioactive steroids with properties similar to digoxin . some traditional chinese medications , including several aphrodisiacs , contain bufadienolides .
owing to their physiologic similarities to digoxin , bufadienolides have been shown to produce... |
our patient was an 8-month - old male child of indian origin and the first issue of a nonconsanguineous marriage .
he presented to our center with the complaints of cough , cold , progressively increasing breathlessness , and refusal to feed over the past 3 days .
past history was elicited that the child was a full... | our patient presented with congenital heart disease ( chd : tetralogy of fallot ) , hypocalcemia , hypoparathyroidism , and facial dysmorphisms .
suspecting digeorge syndrome ( dgs ) , a fluorescence in situ hybridization ( fish ) analysis for 22q11.2 deletion was made .
the child had a hemizygous deletion in the 2... |
astrocytic tumors are the most common primary glial tumors of the central nervous system , and are divided according to the degree of anaplasia and presence of necrosis into low grade astrocytomas ( diffuse astrocytoma , pilocytic astrocytoma ) or high grade astrocytomas ( anaplastic astrocytoma , glioblastoma multifor... | summarybackgroundastrocytic tumors are the primary brain tumors , which often progress to glioblastoma , a highly malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system .
there is much new data regarding to the formation and progression of these tumors ; however , glioblastoma remains one of the most fatal neoplasms in hum... |
surgical services in many areas of rural africa , where most of the population reside , are mostly provided by government and mission hospitals in contrast to urban areas where private hospitals play a more substantial role in fulfilling surgical needs of the involved population .
furthermore for a variety of reasons... | background : surgical ward congestion continues to be a problem across rural africa .
day - case surgery has helped minimize this problem in most developed countries but remains underdeveloped across africa .
the objective of this study was to carefully expand day - case services within the framework of already exi... |
human articular cartilage has limited repair potential . marrow - stimulation procedures as microfracture for cartilage repair rely on the formation of a primitive mesenchymal blood clot that forms fibrous tissue with variable outcome
. limitations of osteochondral grafts include limited donor site , morbidity , ques... | objective : to test the hypothesis that platelet - rich fibrin glue ( pr - fg ) can be used clinically as a scaffold to deliver autologous culture - expanded bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( bm - mscs ) for cartilage repair and to report clinical results 1 y after implantation of mscs pr-fg.patients and methods : a... |
in the gastrointestinal ( gi ) tract , 5-hydroxytryptamine ( serotonin , 5-ht ) is a major signaling molecule , which mediates gi functions ( motility and secretion ) , emesis , nausea and pain [ 1 , 2 ] .
most of colonic 5-ht is synthesized and released from mucosal enterochromaffin ( ec ) cells ; therefore , altera... | 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-ht ) released from colonic mucosal enterochromaffin ( ec ) cells is a major signaling molecule , which participates in the pathophysiological regulation of colonic functions in gut disorder including irritable bowel syndrome ( ibs ) , but the endogenous modulator system for the 5-ht release is n... |
undernutrition in childhood , causing wasting , fetal growth restriction , stunting , and micronutrient deficiencies , is one of the main burdens of the health system and also affects the economic and sociocultural status of society .
poverty and malnutrition play a crucial role in increasing morbidity and mortality ... | abstractacute malnutrition affects more than 50 million under - five ( u5 ) children , causing 8.0% of global child deaths annually .
the prevalence of acute malnutrition ( wasting ) among u5 children in afghanistan was 9.5% nationally and 3.7% in faryab province in 2013 .
a cross - sectional study was conducted fo... |
night - guard bleaching is an effective and simple method for regaining the esthetic appearance of intrinsically discolored or stained teeth .
there is concern about the adverse effect of bleaching materials on existing restorations in the oral cavity .
many studies have reported that there is little evidence of bl... | objectives : this study evaluated the effect of surface polishing on mercury release from dental amalgam after treatment with 16% carbamide peroxide gel.materials and methods : ninety - six samples from two different amalgam brands were prepared in truncated cone - shaped pvc polymer molds with an external surface area... |
the genomes of higher organisms are littered with repetitive sequence elements , and evidence for how this came to be is accumulating through a combination of bench work and bioinformatics .
long interspersed nuclear elements ( lines or l1s ) are retrotransposons that have generated integrated dna copies of themselve... | long interspersed nuclear elements ( lines ) are among the most successful parasitic genetic sequences in higher organisms .
recent work has discovered many instances of line incorporation into exons , reminding us of the hazards they pose to genes in their vicinity as well as their potential to be co - opted for the... |
within clinical trials ( cts ) there are three dimensions where activities , their duration , and the conditions on which these time - bound activities unfold decide the fate of the study .
these are : ( 1 ) assessment of safety prediction if a potential medicinal product will have any safety concerns through the ev... | clinical research operates in a strictly regulated environment under various management models , but a distinct management model of clinical trial ( ct ) still needs exploration and research .
critical path analysis ( cpa ) is a management approach can be used for monitoring , analysis , and prediction of success of ... |
from may 2004 to may 2006 , we conducted face - to - face interviews with diabetic patients aged 18 years attending clinics affiliated with an academic medical center ( university of chicago , chicago , il ) or physician offices affiliated with a suburban hospital ( macneal hospital , berwyn , il ) . before conducting ... | objective to evaluate ethnic differences in medication concerns ( e.g. , side effects and costs ) that may contribute to ethnic differences in the adoption of and adherence to type 2 diabetes treatments.research design and methods we conducted face - to - face interviews from may 2004 to may 2006 with type 2 diabetic... |
metaiodobenzylguanidine ( mibg ) is an agent that is specifically taken up by sympathetic nervous system tissues , including neuroblastoma tumors .
i - mibg plays an essential role in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with neuroblastoma .
in addition , high - dose i - mibg therapy is an important part of the tr... | purpose .
123i - metaiodobenzylguanidine ( mibg ) is used for the diagnostic evaluation of neuroblastoma .
we evaluated the relationship between norepinephrine transporter ( net ) expression and clinical mibg uptake .
methods . quantitative reverse transcription pcr ( n = 82 ) and immunohistochemistry ( ihc ; n =... |
erosion is defined as the loss of tooth structure due to the function of acids and irrespective of bacterial activity . by changing lifestyle during the recent decades , consumption of acidic foods and beverages
role of food acids as the main cause of erosion has been documented in numerous studies .
dentin hyperse... | aim : the purpose was to compare the effect of 0.2% sodium fluoride mouthwash and casein phosphopeptide - amorphous calcium phosphate paste on prevention of dentin erosion.materials and methods : buccal surfaces of 36 sound premolar teeth were ground flat and polished with abrasive discs .
half the polished surfaces ... |
coarctation of the aorta is a localised stenosis of the aorta , most commonly located just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery and closely related to the attachment of the ductus arteriosus with the aorta .
frequently associated congenital defects are a bicuspid aortic valve , valvular and subvalvular ... | in patients with unexplained hypertension , especially in combination with a cardiac murmur , the presence of an aortic coarctation should always be ruled out given the high morbidity and mortality .
however , particularly patients with an isolated coarctation often remain asymptomatic for years and the defect may be... |
onchocerciasis is a vector - borne parasitic disease caused by infection with the filarial nematode onchocerca volvulus and can result in eye or skin lesions .
although adult worms can live for years under the skin in fibrous nodules that are often palpable , morbidity is caused by the body 's immune reaction to the ... | in latin america , onchocerciasis is targeted for elimination by 2012 through twice - yearly mass treatment of the eligible population with ivermectin . in guatemala ,
two of the four historical endemic foci have demonstrated elimination of transmission , following world health organization guidelines . using establi... |
uterine granuloma is a rare entity and may be either focal or diffuse in nature .
diffuse granulomas represent a local reaction without an obvious cause or may be associated with infection or systemic granulomatous disorders .
infective conditions associated with uterine granulomas could be tuberculosis , atypical ... | uterine granulomas confined to the myometrium are uncommon .
granulomas maybe infectious , non - infectious or idiopathic in origin .
they may be diffuse or focal in nature . in this report
, we describe two cases of granulomas of diffuse variety involving the myometrium .
the first case shows non - necrotizing... |
at 23 years of age , our patient presented with a palpable neck mass with no other underlying disease .
sonographic findings revealed an enlarged isoechoic mass ( 42.52.5 cm ) with peripheral rim - like calcification in the right lobe of the thyroid .
a preoperative diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma was dete... | this study reports a case of anaplastic transformation from a well - differentiated thyroid carcinoma in a young patient .
the first recurrent tissue contained poorly differentiated foci that revealed lower thyroglobulin , thyroid transcription factor 1 ( ttf-1 ) , and galectin-3 expression than the well - differenti... |
spontaneous intracranial hypotension ( sih ) is an increasingly recognised syndrome with the hallmark of orthostatic headache ( oh ) .
pathophysiology suggests spontaneous leakage of cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) through a spinal meningeal fistula.1 diagnosis of sih remains challenging and the criteria of the internati... | objectivespontaneous intracranial hypotension ( sih ) is most commonly caused by cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) leakage .
therefore , we hypothesised that patients with orthostatic headache ( oh ) would show decreased optic nerve sheath diameter ( onsd ) during changes from supine to upright position.methodstransorbital... |
the fluid from young unopened pitchers is used in cleaning wounds or treating incontinence , distress and pain .
aerial parts are used in the treatment of kidney stones , hypertension , fever and cough ( http://www.forestry.gov.my/ ) .
the earlier studies have shown that endophytic microorganisms isolated from medi... | background : nepenthes species are used in traditional medicines to treat various health ailments . however , we do not know which types of endophytic bacteria ( eb ) are associated with nepenthes spp.objective:the objective of this study was to isolate and to identify eb associated with nepenthes spp.materials and met... |
a 41-year - old male injection drug user was brought to the emergency department unresponsive , febrile and hypotensive .
initial investigations revealed a white blood cell count of 19.310/l ; urinalysis , chest x - ray and abdominal computed tomography were all unremarkable .
fluid resuscitation , vasopressor supp... | bacillus cereus is a bacteria commonly found in nature that is most frequently implicated as the cause of gastrointestinal illness caused by ingestion of contaminated food ; however , there are also reports of extraintestinal infections , although rare .
this article describes three cases in which b cereus bacteremia... |
a 38-year - old man came to the netherlands in january 2009 to work as a rigger in the harbor of rotterdam . since october 2008
, he had lived in kapit , sarawak , in borneo and hunted wild animals in the surrounding jungles .
one week after arriving in the netherlands , he came to our hospital with a 5-day history... | we describe a pcr - confirmed case of plasmodium knowlesi infection with a high parasitemia level and clinical signs of severe malaria in a migrant worker from malaysian borneo in the netherlands .
investigations showed that commercially available rapid antigen tests for detection of human plasmodium infections can d... |
fibroblasts are one of the most commonly used somatic cells to produce induced pluripotent stem ( ips ) cells [ 1 , 2 ] .
therefore , it is essential to determine the genetic and epigenetic stability of fibroblasts in long - term culture .
it has been shown that long - term in vitro culture of somatic cells increas... | human primary fibroblasts are a popular type of somatic cells for the production of induced pluripotent stem ( ips ) cells . here
we characterized biological properties of primary fibroblasts in terms of cell - growth rate , cytogenetic stability , and the number of inactive x chromosomes during long - term passagi... |
the most recent introduction to the dental ceramics family is zirconia , which in its pure form is a polymorphic material .
fabrication of fixed prosthesis involves layering of metallic substructure or all ceramic core structure with an aesthetic ceramic veneering material .
the underlying substructure provides the... | a study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of artificial aging through steam and thermal treatment as influencing the shear bond strength between three different commercially available zirconia core materials , namely , upcera , ziecon , and cercon , layered with vita vm9 veneering ceramic using universal testing ma... |
hodgkin s lymphoma was first described in 1832 , but the nature of the pathognomic reed - sternberg cells , on which diagnosis of the disease is based has only been cleared in the past few years .
radiotherapy has been employed for treatment of localized disease from the 1940s and combination chemotherapy was present... | the improvement in survival and local control measures in children with neoplasm in the head and neck region may lead to increased iatrogenic adverse effects of treatment .
the aim of this study was to report a new case of the long - term effects of chemoradiotherapy on oral health and dental development in a patient... |
internal limiting membrane ( ilm ) free autografts have been used to repair refractory macular holes instead of using conventional surgical techniques like vitrectomy and peeling off the ilm , with encouraging results according to several authors .
furthermore , to treat retinal tears in retinal detachment surgery , ... | during a pars plana vitrectomy , an unplanned retinotomy in the raphe was performed in a 55-year - old female patient with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy . since diathermy and laser therapy
were not available at that moment , it was decided to peel off a small graft of the inter... |
laser in situ keratomileusis ( lasik ) has a high rate of improving uncorrected snellen visual acuity ( 1 ) , however it can degrade the quality of vision , resulting in reports of reduced night vision clarity , glare , and halos ( 2 ) .
the contrast sensitivity test more effectively evaluates the visual quality over... | this study evaluated the visual quality after wavefront - guided laser in situ keratomileusis ( lasik ) for treating myopia .
thirty - two eyes with moderate myopia ( -5.78~-2.17d ) and 25 eyes with high myopia ( -7.78~-6.17d ) were prospectively reviewed .
the contrast sensitivity ( cs ) , glare and the total high... |
introduction of imaging modalities , especially magnetic resonance ( mr ) , and of modern methods of neurosurgery and pharmacotherapy revolutionized diagnosis and therapy of pituitary tumors . currently , mr is the method of choice for imaging of the pituitary gland and the perisellar area .
advanced mr techniques m... | summarybackgroundthe proper diagnosis and management of patients after surgery for pituitary tumors are of great importance in clinical practice .
the purpose of this study was to investigate the magnetic resonance features of the postoperative sella with fast spin echo t2-weighted imaging and to evaluate the benefit... |
mosquitoes , the most important group of nuisance pest insects , due to their diversity and abundance , demonstrated vector competence and frequent infection in nature , they are regarded as one of the most important vectors of diseases ( sardelis et al .
2008a , b ) . tracking the movement of mosquitoes in their nat... | background : the aim of the current study was to develop a marking technique as an internal marker to mark post blood meal mosquitoes by using stable phosphate isotope 32p and determine the optimal concentration of it.methods:an isotonic physiological saline solution , containing different concentration of radioactive ... |
crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever ( cchf ) is a fatal infectious disease with an average death rate of 50% .
the disease is caused by the nairovirus group from the bunyaviridae family ( 1 ) and is transmitted through the saliva of blood - sucking arthropods ( ixodidae ticks ) , or by contact with the blood and tissue... | backgroundcrimean - congo hemorrhagic fever ( cchf ) is an arboviral zoonotic disease transmitted to humans mainly through the bite of blood - sucking ixodidae ticks and also via contact with the blood and tissues of infected livestock.objectivesthis study is a retrospective descriptive survey based on data collected f... |
dogs : four adult male and 4 adult female beagle dogs were used in this
study .
it was carried out in accordance with hokkaido university guidelines for the care and
use of experimental animals , which basically conform to those of the association for
assessment and accreditation of laboratory animal care ( aaa... | abstractdue to the lack of a gold standard method in canine lipoprotein analysis , it is unclear
whether canine high - density lipoprotein ( hdl ) and low - density lipoprotein ( ldl ) can be
accurately evaluated by the lipoprotein analysis methods used for dogs .
this study
investigated whether the ultracentri... |
extensive research has shown that some of our fastest motor reactions express a degree of sophistication which rivals voluntary actions but little is known about the neural substrates which underlie this sophistication .
the present monkey and human studies test whether primary motor cortex ( m1 ) provides a neural s... | a basic difficulty for the nervous system is integrating locally ambiguous sensory information to form accurate perceptions about the outside world14 .
this local - to - global problem is also fundamental to motor control of the arm since complex mechanical interactions between the shoulder and elbow allow a particul... |
interest in vertebrate head segments first arose because of a transcendental concept of morphology [ goethe 1790 ( cited in gaupp 1898 ) , 1820 ] and was subsequently revived in the search for a common embryonic design reflecting the morphology of a common ancestor ( goodrich 1930 ) .
current studies of vertebrate he... | because of its basal position on the phylogenetic tree of vertebrates , the lamprey embryo would be expected to exhibit segmental head mesoderm .
recent observations , however , show that the lamprey does not have any somite - like segments in the head .
coelomic head cavities that are most conspicuous in elasmobra... |
in 2002 , a global study reported that the us had among the highest reported age standardized incidence rate of bladder cancer ( 24.1/100,000 ) . the national cancer institute ( nci )
estimated that in 2009 , there would be approximately 70,980 new cases and 14,330 deaths from bladder cancer in the usa . despite redu... | objectivealthough the effect of fruit and vegetables on the risk of bladder cancer has been widely studied , little is known about their micronutrient components .
our aim was to investigate associations between minerals and vitamins and bladder cancer.methodsa case control study was conducted in new hampshire , usa... |
malignant melanoma is the sixth most common uk cancer whose incidence continues to increase year on year . whilst new therapies are being developed , advanced metastatic melanoma is invariably fatal .
the number of transplant procedures performed annually continues to increase , partly owing to our ageing population ... | the incidence of melanoma continues to increase year on year . with better surgical techniques and medical management , greater numbers of organ transplants
are being performed annually with much longer graft survival .
the authors review our current understanding of the incidence of melanoma amongst organ transpla... |
wurtzite
gallium phosphide ( wz gap ) has been predicted to exhibit a direct
bandgap in the green spectral range .
optical transitions , however ,
are only weakly allowed by the symmetry of the bands . while efficient
luminescence has been experimentally shown , the nature of the transitions
is not yet clea... | |
it is vital to fully define the normal oral microbial flora before we begin to understand the role of bacteria in oral cancer as there is a distinctive predominant healthy bacterial flora of the oral cavity that is site - specific and highly diverse before delving into their apparent role in tumorigenesis .
more than... | oral cancer which is a subtype of head and neck , cancer is any neoplastic tissue growth in the oral cavity .
it comprises an abnormal mass of cells that foists genetic mutation and impedes the normal cell cycle , resulting in its unrestrained growth .
various studies on the plausible link between oral microbial fl... |
native horses of the iberian peninsula have played an important role in the development of current american horse breeds .
approximately 10,000 years ago , north and south american equus species became extinct for several reasons ( grooves and ryder , 2000 ) .
horses returned to the americas during the second trip ... | in order to understand the genetic ancestry and mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) diversity of current colombian horse breeds we sequenced a 364-bp fragment of the mitocondrial dna d - loop in 116 animals belonging to five spanish horse breeds and the colombian paso fino and colombian creole cattle horse breeds . among colom... |
pseudoexfoliation syndrome ( pes ) is characterized by the production and accumulation of fibrillar extracellular material within the ocular tissue .
the presence of pes is of paramount clinical importance in patients undergoing cataract surgery , because it is associated with a high rate of complications such as zon... | here , we report on a patient with pseudoexfoliation syndrome who developed acute angle - closure glaucoma with a marked myopic shift due to anterior dislocation of the posterior chamber intraocular lens almost 16 months after an uneventful phacoemulsification .
examination with a scheimpflug camera was extremely use... |
internet access has grown rapidly , to over 75% , and 80% of those with internet access seek health information online.13 fewer than 10% of patients , however , communicate with their provider by e - mail , although many would like to.410 for example , sittig and colleagues observed that only 6% of patients reported e ... | backgrounde - mail communication has the potential to improve communication between patients and doctors.objectivethe objective of the study is to describe the access of patients to physicians who conduct e - mail consults.methodswe analyzed data from the national ambulatory medical care survey ( namcs ) , a nationally... |
water , the most abundant molecule in living cells , is required for various vital life functions including the regulation of cell and organelle volume .
changes in cell volume are known to occur during cell secretion , in erythrocyte maturation , during cell growth and differentiation , and in cell migration and met... | abstractthe regulation of platelet volume significantly affects its function . because water is the major molecule in cells and its active transport via water channels called aquaporins ( aqps )
have been implicated in cellular and organelle volume regulation , the presence of water channels in platelets and their po... |
the term acute renal failure ( arf ) is currently substituted by acute kidney injury ( aki ) .
aki is a reversible condition in which there is a sudden decline in renal function , manifested by hourly / daily / weekly elevation in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen ( bun ) .
different organizations such as ac... | the gravity of the impact of renal failure on human health is well known and as there is no specific pharmacotherapy for renal failure , the current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of root extract of azima tetracantha , an ancient medicinal plant used in siddha and ayurvedhic systems of medicine.the experim... |
tuberculosis ( tb ) is a serious public health problem and bcg vaccination remains an essential part of tb prevention strategy especially in children .
bcg scar is a surrogate marker of vaccination and an important index in the vaccination program .
however scar failure is a well - known phenomenon with prevalence ... | background : there is considerable variation in bcg scar failure rate on available data and correlation between bcg scar and tuberculin conversion remains controversial . through this study we aimed to determine the scar failure rate and tuberculin conversion in term infants vaccinated with bcg within the first month.m... |
hypertension is the most frequently treated disease , and can lead to cardiovascularand renal complications in patients who could not achieve their blood pressure goals .
the activation of renin - angiotensin - aldosterine system ( raas ) is one of the established pathogenesis of hypertension , and blocking agents of... | the activation of renin - angiotensin - aldosterine system(raas ) is one of the main pathogenesis of hypertension .
all the components of raas are present in the kidneys at higher concentrations compared to plasma levels , and intrarenal formation of angiotensin ii ( ang ii ) is independent of the systemic raas .
t... |
dipeptidyl peptidase ( dpp)4 inhibitors enhance the activity of endogenous incretin hormones1 , which are important prandial stimulators of insulin secretion , and exhibit other physiological actions , such as reducing bowel motility1 .
in addition to their glucoselowering effects , dpp4 inhibitors have potential adv... | abstractdipeptidyl peptidase ( dpp)4 inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic drugs that increase incretin hormone levels to enhance blood sugar leveldependent insulinotropic effects , suppress glucagon action , and reduce bowel motility .
these incretin effects are ideal for blood sugar control .
however , the s... |
the progress currently observed in the field of organic electronics is a result of a combined effort of several communities .
synthetic chemists have identified classes of promising compounds , ranging from small conjugated molecules to self - assembling oligomers and conjugated polymers , and developed new synthetic... | charge carrier dynamics in an organic semiconductor can often be described in terms of charge hopping between localized states .
the hopping rates depend on electronic coupling elements , reorganization energies , and driving forces , which vary as a function of position and orientation of the molecules .
the exact... |
our demonstration that the 4,6-o - benzylidene - directed -mannopyranosylation reaction proceeds via the coupling of a highly reactive -mannosyl triflate with an acceptor alcohol without the need for a promoter provided a rare opportunity to study an important class of glycosylation reaction in detail .
the rapidity ... | although arguably the most important reaction in glycoscience , chemical glycosylations are among the least well understood of organic chemical reactions resulting in an unnecessarily high degree of empiricism and a brake on rational development in this critical area . to address this problem primary 13c kinetic isotop... |
radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of thoracic cancers , such as non - small - cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) , small - cell lung cancer ( sclc ) , and esophageal cancer [ 1 , 2 ] .
recent advances in accurate diagnosis improve the practice of curative radiotherapy , because patients with unsuspected m... | radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment for thoracic cancers .
accurate diagnosis is essential to correctly perform curative radiotherapy .
tumor delineation is also important to prevent geographic misses in radiotherapy planning .
currently , planning is based on computed tomography ( ct ) imaging ... |
the recurrence of lung cancer after complete resection generally results in a poor prognostic situation with less than one year of life expectancy .
when a single lung nodule is detected during follow - up , it is usually one of the manifestations of the systemic metastasis . however , one distinct feature is a secon... | we reviewed our experience with resection of recurrent lung cancer to evaluate the benefit and risk of the procedure . from december 1994 to december 2003 , 29 consecutive patients underwent pulmonary resections for recurrent lung cancer . the mean duration from the first resection to second surgery was 25.415.1 months... |
the anterior cruciate ligament ( acl ) is a site injured frequently ; consequently , acl reconstructions are widely performed . despite recent improvements in acl reconstruction , subsequent graft ruptures , residual instability , and limited sports performance after surgery
acl remnants may potentially enhance revas... | introductionrecently , remnant - preserving anterior cruciate ligament ( acl ) reconstruction has been increasingly performed to achieve revascularization , cell proliferation , and recovery of high - quality proprioception .
however , poor arthroscopic visualization makes accurate socket placement during remnant - p... |
the common causes of chronic liver disease are viral hepatitis , alcohol abuse , and metabolic disorders .
these result in hepatocytes damage , the consequence of which may be liver fibrosis , cirrhosis , and/or hepatocellular carcinoma .
accurate evaluation of the severity of disease is crucial for treatment plann... | noninvasive approaches for assessment of liver histology include routine laboratory tests and radiological evaluation .
the purpose of our study was to determine the utility of a simplified scoring system based on routinely evaluated ultrasound features for the evaluation of chronic liver disease and correlate it wit... |
study area and population - this study was performed in 2009 in the
communities of buriti seco and morro grande , which pertain to pedra preta , a little
village in a schistosomiasis endemic area of the rural region of montes claros , state of
minas gerais , brazil .
this area was chosen because the population ... | this study evaluated parasitological and molecular techniques for the diagnosis and
assessment of cure of schistosomiasis mansoni .
a population - based study was performed
in 201 inhabitants from a low transmission locality named pedra preta , municipality
of montes claros , state of minas gerais , brazil .
... |
mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of respiratory tract infections including community - acquired pneumonia .
it has been suggested that the pathogen may also play a role in the development of atherosclerosis .
this hypothesis is supported by the ability of m. pneumoniae to cause extrapulmonary manifestati... | background : it has been suggested that mycoplasma pneumoniae may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis , but to date this association is still a matter of debate due to conflicting findings.methods : we have investigated the levels of specific iga antibodies to m. pneumoniae in 91 patients with internal ca... |
in einstein 's theory of general relativity , linearization of the field equations demonstrates that small perturbations of the metric obey a wave equation .
these small disturbances , referred to as gravitational waves , travel at the speed of light .
however , some other gravity theories predict a dispersive prop... | we investigate the relation of the mass of the graviton to the number of information n in a flat universe . as a result
we find that the mass of the graviton scales as mgr1/n .
furthermore , we find that the number of gravitons contained inside the observable horizon is directly proportional to the number of inform... |
proper signal transmission by protein kinases requires that they phosphorylate specific substrates at defined sites .
multiple mechanisms can act in concert to provide substrate specificity for kinases , including kinase - substrate colocalization , compartmentalization through the use of scaffold proteins , substrat... | summaryeukaryotic protein kinases are generally classified as being either tyrosine or serine - threonine specific .
though not evident from inspection of their primary sequences , many serine - threonine kinases display a significant preference for serine or threonine as the phosphoacceptor residue . here
we show ... |
how signaling molecules enable cells of multicellular organisms to communicate and assemble tissues and organs is a central question in biology .
embryo manipulation and molecular genetics established that a surprisingly small number of secreted proteins of only a handful of conserved gene families govern a multitude... | tissue patterning during development relies on cell communication by secreted proteins and receptors that engage in complex signaling crosstalk to induce distinct cell behaviors in a context - dependent fashion . here
i summarize recent insights into basic mechanisms that control the distribution and activities of tr... |
the migration of cells and tissues is fundamental to metazoan life , driving tissue morphogenesis , homoeostasis and defence .
cell migration requires dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton , with filaments providing mechanical support of protrusion of the front and retraction of the rear .
the lamellipod... | cell migration is initiated by lamellipodia membrane - enclosed sheets of cytoplasm containing densely packed actin filament networks . although the molecular details of network turnover remain obscure , recent work points towards key roles in filament nucleation for arp2/3 complex and its activator wave complex . her... |
each year , streptococcus pneumoniae causes more than 800,000 deaths worldwide in children under 5 years of age .
currently marketed s. pneumoniae vaccines , which are based on polysaccharide capsular antigens from the most common strains , have substantially reduced pneumococcal disease rates . however , because... | currently marketed streptococcus pneumoniae vaccines are based on polysaccharide capsular antigens from the most common strains .
pneumococcal histidine triad protein d ( phtd ) is a conserved surface protein that is being evaluated as a candidate for a vaccine with improved serotype coverage . here ,
we measured t... |
in 1962 , bartter et al . described a clinical syndrome characterized by hypokalemia , metabolic alkalosis , hyperreninemia , hyperaldosteronism and normal blood pressure .
it occurs mostly in childhood or adolescence , and initial presentation in patients over 40 years of age was very rare .
neverthless , neverthl... | bartter s syndrome is characterized by renal potassium wasting with hypokalemia , metabolic alkalosis , increased renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system , normal blood pressure , resistance to the pressor effects of angiotensin ii and juxtaglomerular cell hyperplasia .
most of the cases have been noted in the pedia... |
there were no conflicts of interest , sources of financial support , corporate involvement , patent holdings , etc . involved in the research and preparation of this case report .
there were any soure of founding , sponsors for collection , analysis and interpretation of data ; in the writing of the manuscript ; and ... | the primary mammary chondrosarcoma corresponds to less than 0,5% of the mammary malignancies . for the period ranging from 1967 to 2014 ,
only 18 cases were reported in the literature.a 41 year old woman found a hard nodule on her external right superior quadrant / axillary prolongation through breast self - examina... |
chronic renal failure is accompanied by a deficiency state in both cell - mediated and humoral immunity which is deepened by hemodialysis ( hd ) . a direct contact of the patient s peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( pbmc ) with an artificial membrane increases the production of pro - inflammatory cytokines : tumor ne... | recombinant human erythropoietin ( rhepo ) treatment of hemodialyzed ( hd ) patients normalizes the altered phenotype of cd4 + lymphocytes and restores the balance of th1/th2 cytokines .
we decided to test how the presence of rhepo in cell culture modulates cytokine production of cd4 + lymphocytes in hd patients with... |
asymmetric cell division is key to cellular differentiation , and one intriguing aspect of such asymmetry is that a young and immaculate cell can be generated from an aged and deteriorated one ( aguilaniu et al . , 2003 , higuchi et al . , 2013 , hughes and gottschling , 2012 , liu et al . , 2010 , shcheprova et al... | summaryage can be reset during mitosis in both yeast and stem cells to generate a young daughter cell from an aged and deteriorated one .
this phenomenon requires asymmetry - generating genes ( aggs ) that govern the asymmetrical inheritance of aggregated proteins . using a genome - wide imaging screen to identify a... |
approximately 67% of siadh cases are reported to be caused by cancer , the majority of which ( 70% ) are linked to small cell carcinoma of the lung ( 1 ) .
head and neck cancers are responsible for only 1.5% of siadh cases ; however , the majority of these cases have the histology of small cell carcinoma ( 2 ) .
th... | the paraneoplastic syndromes include the disorders that accompany benign or malignant tumors but are not directly related to mass effects or invasion by the primary tumor or its metastases .
neoplastic cells can produce a variety of peptides that exert biologic actions at local and distant sites and can elicit respon... |
a case report and review of orbital aspergillosis treatment with voriconazole in the english language literature .
amphotericin b with debridement is the current standard of care for orbital aspergillosis ; however , its prognosis is unfavorable . when compared to amphotericin b , voriconazole demonstrates a survi... | background / aimto describe a case of invasive orbital aspergillosis and evaluate treatments and outcomes.methodsa case report and review of orbital aspergillosis treatment with voriconazole in the english language literature.conclusionamphotericin b with debridement is the current standard of care for orbital aspergil... |
studies have shown that acute stress increases nociceptive thresholds [ 14 ] , leading to the possibility that stress , in general , produces stress - induced analgesia ( sia ) . however
, more and more evidence in animal experiments suggests that repeated or prolonged stress can decrease nociceptive thresholds [ 1 ,... | to explore the relationship between psychological stress and masticatory muscle pain , we created a communication stress animal model to determine whether psychological stress could induce increased mechanical sensitivity in masticatory muscles and to study the changes of mechanical nociceptive thresholds after stress ... |
it is very important and significant for doctors to determine the status of vascular - related diseases such as thrombosis and arteriosclerosis and to precisely visualize the three - dimensional ( 3d ) structure of the vasculature before surgery [ 13 ] . in dental fields ,
understanding the 3d structure of the vascul... | the present paper provides general dentists with an introduction to the clinical applications and significance of magnetic resonance angiography ( mra ) in the oral and maxillofacial regions .
specifically , the method and characteristics of mra are first explained using the relevant mr sequences .
next , clinical ... |
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is a common cancer , and its treatment is difficult .
a locoregional treatment may be proposed to certain patients , involving either chemoembolization or radioembolization . for radioembolization
, i - lipiodol has been used for many years with good results , but its use is limited... | objectives . the
aim of this study was to assess the
effectiveness of spect / ct for volume
measurements and to report a case illustrating
the major impact of spect / ct in calculating the
vascularized liver volume and d... |
mucosal cysts of the minor salivary glands are oral soft - tissue lesions that arise as dome - shaped swellings seen commonly on mucosal surface of lower lips and buccal mucosa .
many modalities of treatment for mucosal cysts exist , including excision and suturing , deroofing , marsupialisation , radiosurgery and cr... | mucous cysts are one of the common cystic lesions of minor salivary glands seen mostly on mucous surface of lower lip and buccal mucosa
. many modalities of treatment for mucosal cysts exist including excision and suturing , deroofing , marsupialization , radiosurgery and cryotherapy .
we have used 88% phenol as a ... |
awareness of the need for evidence - informed practice has been growing within the massage therapy profession in north america .
initiatives such as the canadian massage therapy research network and the massage therapy foundation ( the foundation ) have been launched to promote and support research literacy and cap... | qualitative inquiry is increasingly used in health research because it is particularly suited to the study of complex topics or issues about which little is known and concerning which quantification can not easily create or effectively convey understanding . by exploring the lived experience of people providing and rec... |
as a service to our authors and readers , this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors .
such materials are peer reviewed and may be re - organized for online delivery , but are not copy - edited or typeset . technical support issues arising from supporting information ( other than missing fil... | two macrotricyclic ligands composed of two face - to - face octadentate metal chelates were synthesized .
these cage - shaped disodium complexes had special recognition ability for various counter anions .
specific chiral dicarboxylates bound to the complexes within the cavity and exhibited chirality induction prop... |
papillary thyroid microcarcinoma ( ptmc ) is defined as a papillary thyroid carcinoma that 's equal to or less than 1.0 cm at the greatest dimension according to the world health organization classification system for thyroid tumors ( 1 ) .
the prevalence of ptmc in the general population with no thyroid disease is r... | objectivesit remains unclear as to whether routine central neck dissection ( cnd ) is necessary when performing surgery to treat patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma ( ptmc ) . to determine the necessity for routine cnd in ptmc patients
, we reviewed the clinicopathologic and laboratory data of the patients... |
every year , influenza a viruses ( iavs ) cause epidemic outbreaks of respiratory tract infection resulting in excess morbidity and mortality .
especially individuals with certain underlying medical conditions and the elderly are at risk for complications of influenza.therefore , it is recommended to vaccinate these ... | there is considerable interest in the development of broadly protective influenza vaccines because of the continuous emergence of antigenic drift variants of seasonal influenza viruses and the threat posed by the emergence of antigenically distinct pandemic influenza viruses .
it has been recognized more than three d... |
patients diagnosed with absssi or cabp were identified through sequential review of randomly ordered charts generated from pharmacy listings at participating institutions from august 2011 to february 2013 .
acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection was diagnosed where infection involved deep soft tissues or r... | backgroundthe clinical assessment program and teflaro utilization registry is designed to collect information on the clinical use of ceftaroline fosamil in the unites states .
this report presents data on the treatment of patients with staphylococcus aureus bacteremia ( sab ) secondary to acute bacterial skin and ski... |
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