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mushrooms have been exploited in human diet for centuries because of their specific taste and flavour .
nowadays , they attract attention because of their beneficial effects and possible use in the prevention or treatment of diseases .
it has been proven that the polysaccharide extract of pleurotus pulmonarius dela... | one of the nutritional benefits of mushrooms is the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites which have been reported to exert various beneficial effects in vivo .
therefore , we selected thirteen frequently consumed species of polish mushrooms and determined the concentration of polyphenols , flavonoids , -carote... |
improving informed decision making is essential for supportive end of life care [ 15 ] . cardiopulmonary resuscitation
( cpr ) preferences are the most common end of life discussion but occur infrequently and vary in content [ 1 , 2 ] .
patients may not have the basic information needed and the timing for the discu... | the decision whether to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( cpr ) is a decision in which the personal values of the patient must be considered along with information about the risks and benefits of the treatment .
a decision aid can be used to provide patient decision support to a patient who is seriously ill and... |
with the continued success of immunotherapies for various cancers in recent years 1 , it is becoming widely accepted that cancer progression is not solely dependent on local tumor characteristics but also on the host inflammatory response 2 .
indeed , complex interactions between cancer cells and the host inflammator... | background : the purpose of this study was to examine and compare the prognostic value of different immunization - based scoring systems in patients with soft tissue sarcoma ( sts).methods : we conducted a retrospective study evaluating a cohort of 165 patients diagnosed with sts between july 2007 and july 2014 .
the... |
nasal tip surgery represents a challenge to rhinoplasty and requires the knowledge of essential anatomy and aesthetic points ( figure 1 ) .
several techniques can be performed to improve nasal tip definition , such as cartilaginous resection , tip grafts , or suture placement .
resection techniques have gradually b... | summary
introduction : refinement of the nose tip can be accomplished by a variety of techniques , but currently , the use of sutures in the nasal tip with conservative resection of the alar cartilage is the most frequently recommended approach .
objective : to classify the nasal tip and to demonstrate the interd... |
the p21-activated kinases ( paks ) are downstream effectors of the ras - related rho - family gtpases rac and cdc42 . as such ,
the paks are involved in the regulation of cell survival , proliferation and migration , making them attractive therapeutic targets for cancer .
the biological roles of the paks under norm... | the p21-activated kinases ( paks ) are downstream effectors of the small g - proteins of the rac and cdc42 family and have been implicated as essential for cell proliferation and survival .
recent studies have also demonstrated the promise of paks as therapeutic targets in various types of cancers .
the paks are di... |
spinal muscular atrophy ( sma ) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by degeneration of the -motor neurons , leading to symmetrical muscle weakness and atrophy mainly of the lower limbs 1 . here
, we report on an infant with sma type 1 with a rare compound heterozygosity of the survival of motor neuron 1 gene ( ... | key clinical messagemuscular hypotonia in infants may be associated with several conditions , such as spinal muscular atrophy ( sma ) .
we report on an infant with tongue fasciculations and a rare mutation of the smn1 gene .
the presence of tongue fasciculations in combination with a thorough history may be suggest... |
zolpidem is a short - acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic of the imidazopyridine class used for short - term treatment of insomnia .
zolpidem selectively activates only one of the benzodiazepine binding sites of the gabaa receptor ( alpha-1 ) which may account for its selective sedative effects and relative lack of mus... | we are reporting a case of zolpidem - induced hallucinations in a 20-year - old patient .
the duration of this phenomenon was brief , 15 - 20 minutes .
our case suggests that clinicians must be aware of this phenomenon while prescribing zolpidem . |
mild - to - severe
pruritus accompanies numerous inflammatory skin disorders including atopic
dermatitis , eczema , psoriasis , or lichen planus .
psoriasis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with a complex , multifactorial , and
still not fully understood etiopathogenesis .
the main... | the pathogenesis of pruritus in psoriasis remains unclear .
many possible mediators were implicated to transmit or modulate this sensation in psoriasis , but none has been clearly proven to be a causative agent of itching . the most often discussed theory mentioned the importance of impaired innervations and neuropep... |
progesterone ( p4 ) exerts a broad spectrum of physiological actions in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems , kidney , adipose tissue , bone , testis and the brain ( graham and clarke , 1997 ; gellersen et al . , 2009 ; 2010 ) . the primary target , however , is the female reproductive tract where p4 has facilit... | progesterone is central to many reproductive processes and is critical in regulating the menstrual cycle and maintaining pregnancy .
we discuss here similarities in the molecular mechanisms that regulate the process of decidualisation in endometrial stromal cells and uterine quiescence in myometrial smooth muscle cel... |
the advent of effective chemotherapy has made limb salvage an oncologically safe option for a large majority of bone tumors without compromising long term survival .
the femur is the commonest site for primary bone tumors , and rarely , the extent of tumor may necessitate resection of the complete femur to achieve ad... | background : the extent of tumor may necessitate resection of the complete femur rarely to achieve adequate oncologic clearance in bone sarcomas .
we present our experience with reconstruction in such cases using an indigenously manufactured , low - cost , total femoral prosthesis ( tfp ) .
we assessed the complica... |
pre - crystallization lcp - frap assays are optional ; however , they can significantly accelerate the process of searching for initial crystallization conditions , especially in the case of difficult membrane proteins . purify a membrane protein of interest in a detergent solution and concentrate the protein / deterge... | membrane proteins perform critical functions in living cells related to signal transduction , transport and energy transformations , and , as such , are implicated in a multitude of malfunctions and diseases . however , a structural and functional understanding of membrane proteins is strongly lagging behind that of th... |
jaundice is one of the most prevalent clinical problems during neonatal period which requires interventional treatment .
it affects 60% of healthy term neonates during the first week of life . despite the fact that most icteric neonates have not any other disorders , physicians are worried about the toxic effects of ... | objectivethere are different methods for measuring bilirubin concentration ; however , it is quite important for practitioners to know which method should be used in certain clinical situations .
the present prospective study aimed to compare three different methods for measuring neonatal bilirubin concentrations.met... |
recently , helicobacter pylori ( h. pylori ) infection has been increasingly reported to be inversely associated with allergic diseases , although some study groups proposed discrepancies in the data , i.e. improvement or no improvement in allergic symptoms after the eradication .
we by chance checked nonspecific ser... | helicobacter pylori infection has been reported to be inversely associated with allergic disorders .
we by chance experienced a patient with atrophic gastritis who presented marked elevations of both nonspecific serum immunoglobulin e and eosinophil counts after h. pylori eradication .
a 49-year - old japanese man ... |
in orthodontics , several studies have showed that bracket and wire materials , sections , surface conditions , type and force of ligation , use of self - ligating brackets , saliva , and other oral functions influence friction ( f ) at the archwire - slot interface.110 self - ligating bracket1112 is a family of ligatu... | objectives : this in vitro study evaluated the friction ( f ) generated by aligned stainless steel ( ss ) conventional brackets , self - ligating damon mx brackets ( sds ormco , glendora , california , usa ) , time3 brackets ( american orthodontics , sheboygan , wisconsin , usa ) , vision lp brackets ( american orthodo... |
although ischemic stroke occurs mainly in elderly individuals aged 65 years or older , nowadays , there are growing evidences of an increasing trend of childhood ischemic stroke ( 1 , 2 ) .
childhood ischemic stroke is generally considered as a rare and benign occurrence , with an incidence of at least 3.3/100,000 ( ... | objective(s):the alteration of glucose transporters is closely related with the pathogenesis of brain edema .
we compared neuronal damage / death in the hippocampus between adult and young gerbils following transient cerebral ischemia / reperfusion and changes of glucose transporter-1(glut-1)-immunoreactive microvess... |
the incidence rate of community - acquired pneumonia ( cap ) is estimated to be 5.2 to 6.1 cases per 1000 adults , and the mortality rate may reach 23% .
several independent risk factors for pneumonia have been identified , such as increasing age , comorbidities , swallowing dysfunction , and nutritional status .
h... | backgroundseveral genetic studies have evaluated the association between toll - like receptor 4 ( tlr4 ) a299 g polymorphism and the risk of pneumonia . however , the results were not consistent .
we thus did this meta-analysis.material/methodsrelevant studies were systematically searched by using the ncbi , medline ... |
the world health organization ( who ) estimates that 21.4 million people suffer from active trachoma of which 7.2 million have blinding trichiasis while 1.2 million people are actually blind [ 1 , 2 ] .
the disease is still endemic in egypt , among 53 countries , as reported by the who .
this disease is characteriz... | purpose . to evaluate the outcome of anterior lamellar reposition ( alr ) in treating trachomatous trichiasis
. methods .
patients with trachomatous trichiasis or entropion with short tarsus were treated by alr between february 2009 and november 2013 .
this included splitting of the lid margin behind the aberrant... |
deoxycytidine
kinase ( dck ) is a deoxyribonucleoside kinase capable
of phosphorylating deoxycytidine , deoxyadenosine , and deoxyguanosine
to their monophosphate forms using either atp or utp as phosphoryl
donors .
phosphorylation by dck is responsible
for converting salvaged deoxycytidine into deoxycytidi... | recently ,
we have shown that small molecule dck inhibitors in combination
with pharmacological perturbations of de novo dntp biosynthetic pathways
could eliminate acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in animal models .
however , our previous lead compound had a short half - life in vivo .
therefore , we set ou... |
three cross - sectional surveys of cardiovascular disease risk factors and related health behavior were carried out in southeastern australia ( 14 ) to obtain rural data for comparison with the existing urban data .
the first survey was conducted from august to october 2004 in limestone coast ( lc , south australia )... | objective there is a recognized association among depression , diabetes , and cardiovascular disease .
the aim of this study was to examine in a sample representative of the general population whether depression , anxiety , and psychological distress are associated with metabolic syndrome and its components.research... |
burkitt 's lymphoma ( bl ) is a very high grade b cell neoplasm of the lymphoreticular system and is classified under nonhodgkin 's lymphoma ( nhl ) .
it was first described and published by denis burkitt , termed the lesion a sarcoma involving the jaws by noticing the lesions on the faces of central - african chil... | burkitt 's lymphoma ( bl ) is the fastest growing malignancy of the lymphoreticular system to affect humans and has a potential ability to double in size every day .
a case of maxillary sporadic bl ( sbl ) associated with neuro - orbital involvement in an indian male is presented .
sbl initially presented as maxill... |
traditionally , most rna molecules were regarded as carriers conveying information from the gene to the translation machinery .
the most prominent exceptions to this are transfer rna ( trna ) and ribosomal rna ( rrna ) , both of which are directly involved in the process of translation . however , since the late 1990... | noncode is an integrated knowledge database dedicated to non - coding rnas ( ncrnas ) , that is to say , rnas that function without being translated into proteins .
all ncrnas in noncode were filtered automatically from literature and genbank , and were later manually curated .
the distinctive features of noncode a... |
idiopathic infertility is a condition that refers to those men who have abnormal semen parameters without an identifiable cause based on history , physical examination , and currently available laboratory and radiographic examination .
the fact that is impossible to determine the precise etiology of this form of infe... | among treatments proposed for idiopathic male infertility , antiestrogens , like tamoxifen , play a possible role . on the other hand , oxidative stress is a mechanism well recognized for deleterious effects on spermatozoa function . after reviewing the literature on the effects of estrogens in modulation of antioxidan... |
world health organization ( who ) has described mood disorders as the major health issues of the 21st century .
bipolar mood disorder ( bmd ) is a chronic disease , with acute attacks , and has a lifetime prevalence of almost 2% to 4% . such disorder , which is associated with various disabilities , can be detected i... | background : bipolar mood disorder ( bmd ) is a type of mood disorder which is associated with various disabilities .
the family members of the patients with bmd experience many difficulties and pressures during the periods of treatment , rehabilitation and recovery and their quality of life ( qol ) is threatened . i... |
since its discovery and introduction , the electroencephalogram ( eeg ) was viewed with a great enthusiasm as the only methodology allowing a direct , online view of the brain at work .
the enormous complexity of the eeg signal should not surprise us since , the eeg is a direct correlate of brain function , and the... | physiological brain aging is characterized by synapses loss and neurodegeneration that slowly lead to an age - related decline of cognition .
neural / synaptic redundancy and plastic remodelling of brain networking , also due to mental and physical training , promotes maintenance of brain activity in healthy elderly ... |
a literature search of the medline database ( from january 1966 through july 2007 ) was conducted using the medical subject headings diabetes mellitus , type 2 ; drug therapy , combination ; drug combinations ; sulfonylurea compounds ; acetohexamide ; chlorpropamide ; tolbutamide ; tolazamide ; glyburi... | objective observational studies assessing the association of combination therapy of metformin and sulfonylurea on all - cause and/or cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes have shown conflicting results .
we therefore evaluated the effects of combination therapy of sulfonylureas and metformin on the risk of all... |
the following was an old conjecture of graham . conjecture 1.1let
cp
be the cyclic group of order
p
prime and let
s
be a sequence over
cp
of length
p
.
if all ( nontrivial ) zero - sum subsequences of
s
are of the same length , then the number of distinct terms in
s
is at most 2 .
let ... | an old conjecture of graham stated that if n is a prime and s is a sequence of n terms from the cyclic group cn such that all ( nontrivial ) zero - sum subsequences have the same length , then s must contain at most two distinct terms . in 1976 ,
erds and szemerdi gave a proof of the conjecture for sufficiently large... |
a 7-year - old girl had been healthy until 7 days before she was admitted to niigata prefectural hospital , niigata , japan , on june 21 , 2010 , for cough and prolonged fever . on day 1 of her illness ,
the girl had visited her primary care physician and was prescribed azithromycin , a macrolide antimicrobial drug ,... | we describe a case of rhabdomyolysis in a patient infected with antimicrobial drug resistant mycoplasma pneumoniae the patient s acute - phase serum levels of interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor were high , which suggests a pathogenic role for m. pneumoniae . in an era of increasing antimicrobial drug resistance ... |
the single - coding exon of kcnj11 and the 39 exons of abcc8 were amplified and sequenced as described ( 7 ) .
reactions were analyzed on an abi 3730 capillary sequencer ( applied biosystems , warrington , u.k . ) .
sequences were compared with the reference sequences nm_000525 and nm_000352.2 , which incorporate t... | objectivetwo novel mutations ( e1506d , e1506 g ) in the nucleotide - binding domain 2 ( nbd2 ) of the atp - sensitive k+ channel ( katp channel ) sulfonylurea receptor 1 ( sur1 ) subunit were detected heterozygously in patients with neonatal diabetes .
a mutation at the same residue ( e1506k ) was previously shown t... |
we report the case of an independent 78-year - old man with low back pain and mild lower limb weakness in whom iatrogenic meningitis and associated bacteremia developed after a computed tomography myelogram .
the procedure was performed on june 21 , 2013 , on an outpatient basis in the radiology department of geelong... | we report a case of invasive neisseria sicca / subflava meningitis after a spinal injection procedure during which a face mask was not worn by the proceduralist .
the report highlights the importance of awareness of , and adherence to , guidelines for protective face mask use during procedures that require sterile co... |
as with left main coronary artery diseases , patients with coronary ostial stenosis are at high risk of premature death , which relates directly to the extent of the area of myocardium placed in jeopardy .
, the incidence of ostial stenosis has varied between 0.13 and 2.7% , and in the majority of cases there is a co... | a patient with isolated left coronary ostial stenosis proved by coronary angiography is presented .
isolated left coronary ostial stenosis is a rare condition of unknown etiology.unique clinical and angiographic profiles are discussed in detail with a review of the literature , along with a suggestion of a natural hi... |
disease research in pathology informatics requires archiving , retrieving , organizing , sharing , and analyzing diverse pathology - related data sources .
the most important data source for pathologists is the data collected by anatomic and clinical pathologists ( e.g. , blood tests , surgical pathology reports , au... | the day has not arrived when pathology departments freely distribute their collected anatomic and clinical data for research purposes .
nonetheless , several valuable public domain data sets are currently available , from the u.s .
government .
two public data sets of special interest to pathologists are the seer... |
ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic , autoimmune and progressive spondyloarthropathy affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints .
involvement of the cervical joints , temporomandibular joints and cricoarytenoid joints in these patients may cause difficulty during intubation .
although there are various options avail... | airway management in patients of ankylosing spondylitis remains a challenge for anaesthesiologists .
many new airway devices have been used for securing airway in these patients .
the airtraq optical laryngoscope is one of the new rigid laryngoscopes with a proximal view finder that reflects an image transferred fr... |
all subjects were participants in the screening cohort of the dpt-1 study ( 5 ) who were screened for the presence of icas between february 1994 and october 2002 for potential study accrual to delay or prevent type 1 diabetes .
the current study group was comprised of first- and second - degree relatives of patients ... | objectivealthough type 1 diabetes autoimmunity frequently begins in childhood , little is known about the relationship between age and autoimmunity development . our aim was to determine the timing of seroconversion to diabetes - associated autoantibody ( daa ) positivity and risk in first- and second - degree relative... |
the prevalence of clinical depression and presence of elevated depressive symptoms are higher among persons with diabetes compared to the general population . this association may be bidirectional .
newly diagnosed diabetics suffer not only from somatic symptoms of the disease , but also from indisposition due to lif... | introduction : the prevalence of major depressive disorders is higher among persons with diabetes compared to the general population .
these associations may be related to the increased risk of depressive symptoms in individuals with diabetes , increased risk of type 2 diabetes ( t2 dm ) in individuals with depressiv... |
although great advances have been made in the field of oral health in the world , dental caries remains a significant problem world - wide .
fluoride - releasing restorative materials applied in dentistry , with regular release of small amounts of fluoride in the oral cavity , act as caries preventive systems . among... | background : glass ionomer ( gi ) restorations exposed to fluoride have the ability to slowly release fluoride .
therefore , the aim of this study was to investigate fluoride release from three gis before and after exposure to sodium fluoride ( naf ) and acidulated phosphate fluoride ( apf).materials and methods : fi... |
although considered common in the environment , the suspected endocrine - disruptor16 bisphenol a ( bpa ) has been associated with larger urban areas in more developed countries where the manufacture , distribution , and use of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics is concentrated.712 recent studies of more urbanized... | the suspected endocrine disruptor bisphenol a ( bpa ) is associated with the manufacture , distribution , and use of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics ; thus , studies of this compound have focused primarily on urban areas in developed countries .
this small study investigating urinary bpa of 109 people was con... |
joint contracture occurs after a long period of fixation and/or immobilization due to
fracture or impaired consciousness .
the influence of the skin on joint contracture has been determined in
several studies based on the change in range of motion ( rom ) between the first measurement
after cast removal and the... | the effect of skin resection on joint contracture was determined by comparing the first
measurement of range of motion after cast removal and the second measurement after the
skin resection .
this study aimed to verify that both the joint movement during the
measurement and skin affect range of motion .
[ sub... |
functional glycomics is an emerging field of science , aiming to create a cell - by - cell catalogue of glycosyltransferase expression and detected glycan structures in relation to health and diseases ( 13 ) .
however , modern analytical methods such as mass spectrometry and nmr have afforded the ability to elucidate... | functional glycomics , the scientific attempt to identify and assign functions to all glycan molecules synthesized by an organism , is an emerging field of science . in recent years ,
several databases have been started , all aiming to support deciphering the biological function of carbohydrates .
however , diverse... |
corneal biomechanics is a branch of science that studies deformation and equilibrium of corneal tissue under the application of any force .
the structure and hence the properties of a soft tissue , such as the cornea , are dependent on the biochemical and physical nature of the components present and their relative a... | several refractive and therapeutic treatments as well as several ocular or systemic diseases might induce changes in the mechanical resistance of the cornea .
furthermore , intraocular pressure measurement , one of the most used clinical tools , is also highly dependent on this characteristic .
corneal biomechanica... |
cardiomyopathies are heterogeneous diseases in which alterations of heart muscle structure and function are the main characteristics .
dilated cardiomyopathy ( dcm ) is characterized by cardiac chamber dilation and systolic dysfunction in the absence of coronary artery disease or other conditions associated with pres... | lamin a / c gene ( lmna ) associated cardiomyopathy is a form of dilated cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis and high mortality , and a rapid evolution toward end - stage heart failure and malignant ventricular arrhythmias associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death .
it is transmitted in a autosomal domina... |
in the united states ( usa ) , cigarette consumption has steadily declined during the past decade .
however , sales of cigars , particularly little cigars and cigarillos , have markedly increased .
of the three types of cigar products available in the usa , trend data from 1993 to 2006 suggest that the sales of lar... | small cigar smoking among young adult cigarette smokers may be attributed to their exposure to its advertisements and promotions .
we examined the association between exposure to a celebrity music artist 's endorsement of a specific brand of small cigars and young adult cigarette smokers ' susceptibility to smoking t... |
infections caused by opportunistic pathogens , such as yeasts , are becoming important reasons of morbidity and mortality because of alterations in the immune system and invasive hospital procedures 1 .
aids , organ transplantation , chemotherapy , invasive procedures and radiotherapy increased the prevalence of immu... | objective :
candida infections have increased due to transplant patients , prolonged icu stay and invasive procedures . the most common isolated strain is c. albicans .
the aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of candida isolates at tepecik education and research hospital.materials and methods : yeast... |
asked how they make a decision , health professionals , either individually or as part of a multidisciplinary medical team , will often say something liketogether with the patient we look at the available options to see how well each performs on the main effect benefit , then take into account the side effect and adver... | abstractobjectiveto introduce a new online generic decision support system based on multicriteria decision analysis ( mcda ) , implemented in practical and userfriendly software ( annalisa).backgroundall parties in health care lack a simple and generic way to picture and process the decisions to be made in pursuit of i... |
schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that affects 1% of the population worldwide ; it is characterized by a complex phenotype , including positive , negative , affective symptoms and cognitive impairments [ 1 , 2 ] .
schizophrenia psychosis usually occurs in late adolescence and early adulthood between ages... | altered -aminobutyric acid ( gaba ) , glutamate ( glu ) levels , and an imbalance between gabaergic and glutamatergic neurotransmissions have been involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia . however , it remains unclear how these abnormalities impact the onset and course of psychosis . in the present study ,
2... |
biological research in affective disorders has focused primarily on the neurochemical basis of the disorder .
radiological techniques that allow investigation of the living brain in health and disease have become widely available .
later , the more precise methodology of magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) was appli... | the neuropsychiatric and cognitive deficits have been shown to exist in various psychiatric disorders .
an attempt has been made by authors to evaluate the evidence pertaining to electrophysiological , structural and neuropsychological domains in depression .
renewal of interest in testing patients with depression ... |
in his book , beyond good and evil , friedrich nietzsche once wrote , beware that , when fighting monsters , you yourself do not become a monster ( 1 ) .
in addition to the vagaries of human behavior , the phrase can also be applied to the dual effects of the human immune system that a system highly evolved to pr... | abstractthe host damage - response framework states that microbial pathogenesis is a product of microbial virulence factors and collateral damage from host immune responses .
immune - mediated host damage is particularly important within the size - restricted central nervous system ( cns ) , where immune responses ma... |
glaucoma is a relatively common disease in which the death of retinal ganglion cells causes a progressive loss of sight , often leading to blindness .
there have been several new developments in automated threshold perimetry , which has been shown to be a rapid and effective method of detecting glaucomatous visual fi... | objective : to calculate the pattern deviation for identifying abnormal points of pupil perimetry , and also to evaluate the grayscale display for distinguishing glaucomatous pupil field loss ( abnormal test points ) from normal pupil field ( normal test points).methods : fourteen patients ranging in age from 51 to 80 ... |
the supercolonies formed by so - called ' unicolonial ' ant species are huge cooperative groups networks of interconnected nests that exchange individuals and share territory peacefully over extensive areas . in extreme cases ,
a whole population can comprise a single supercolony ; for example , the largest supercol... | vast supercolonies of interconnected nests formed by unicolonial ant species are the largest cooperative groups of animals known .
research published recently in bmc evolutionary biology reveals that a supercolony can be more genetically structured than previously thought , comprising several extended families .
su... |
the terms phase iii and multiple sclerosis were used for a pubmed search with no time restriction in march 2014 .
studies were eligible for inclusion if they ( 1 ) were phase iii trials of dmds in pwrms and ( 2 ) reported the rate of neoplasms and cancers observed .
conference abstracts were excluded as were st... | objective : to compare the cancer risk of cladribine and other disease - modifying drugs ( dmds ) in trials of people with relapsing multiple sclerosis ( pwrms).methods : meta - analysis of phase iii trials of licensed dmds for pwrms and a phase iii trial of cladribine ( clarity ) .
cancer rates were compared using f... |
hypertension is a major risk factor for the atherosclerotic vascular disease in coronary , cerebral , and peripheral arteries .
examination of atherosclerotic lesions has revealed that each lesion contains significant amounts of three cellular elements : smooth muscle cell proliferation ; large amounts of connective ... | we measured apolipoprotein a ( apoa ) , apolipoprotein b ( apob ) , and lipid levels in 115 hypertensive patients and 100 normal subjects in order to evaluate the risk of atherosclerotic heart disease in hypertensive patients .
the hypertensive patients were divided into the following subgroups : blood pressure contr... |
prostate cancer constitutes a major health burden , being the most common non - cutaneous malignancy among men in developed countries . in 2007 , almost 800,000 new cases of prostate cancer and 250,000 deaths from this disease were estimated to have occurred worldwide .
the highest incidence of prostate cancer is obs... | prostate cancer is one of the most heritable cancers in men , and recent genome - wide association studies have revealed numerous genetic variants associated with disease .
the risk variants identified using case - control designs that compared unaffected individuals with all types of patients with prostate cancer sh... |
the year 2008 marks the 27th anniversary of the first case report of a new disease today known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( aids ) , whose etiological agent is human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( hiv-1 ) ( 1 ) .
an estimated 38.6 million people are now living with hiv or aids worldwide , and nearly 11 00... | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( hiv-1 ) , human protein interaction database , available through the national library of medicine at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/hivinteractions , was created to catalog all interactions between hiv-1 and human proteins published in the peer - reviewed literature .
the datab... |
the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) in korea is estimated to be 7.3% ( in those over 20 years of age ) , and it has increased about 5-fold over the past 30 years according to a report of the korea national health and nutrition examination survey ( knhnes iii , 2005 ) . the number of patients with t2 dm... | diabetic peripheral neuropathy ( dpn ) , a common and troublesome complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) , contributes to a higher risk of diabetic foot ulcer and lower limb amputation .
these situations can negatively impact the quality of life of affected individuals . despite its high pre... |
syntheses of quinoxalines have attracted a great deal of attention in view of their potent biological and pharmacological activities including anticonvulsant [ 14 ] , antibacterial , antifungal , antiviral , antitubercular , antileishmanial , antiamoebic , analgesic , antihistaminic , antineoplastic , hypoglycemic , ma... | 2-([1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-4-ylthio)acetic acid hydrazide ( 10 ) was used as a precursor for the syntheses of novel quinoxaline derivatives with potential anticonvulsant properties .
the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by ir , 1h nmr , and mass spectral data followed by elemental analysi... |
the world wide web has become an excellent resource for distribution of educational materials in an electronic format for independent study with computer - aided instruction .
students in the health sciences can utilize their own electronic devices with web browsers to access a growing number of web - based education... | context : general and subject specific practice examinations for students in health sciences studying pathology were placed onto a free public internet web site entitled web path and were accessed four clicks from the home web site menu.subjects and methods : multiple choice questions were coded into . html files with ... |
having strong coping skills to reduce stress and satisfaction on the decision - making process to be creative and also having problem - solving skill is necessary in life . in this way , learning should be defined meaningful and problem - solving skill is one of these ways .
unfortunately , traditional teaching met... | background : the aim of this study was to determine the effect of problem - solving training on decision - making skill and critical thinking in emergency medical personnel.materials and methods : this study is an experimental study that performed in 95 emergency medical personnel in two groups of control ( 48 ) and ex... |
these infectious diseases have spread worldwide and have become a serious public health problem ( 1 ) .
e. histolytica possesses mitosomes , a type of mitochondrion - related organelle ( mro ) ( 25 ) .
this organelle was originally called crypton when its discovery was reported , and such organelles are currently k... | entamoeba histolytica , a microaerophilic protozoan parasite , possesses mitosomes .
mitosomes are mitochondrion - related organelles that have largely lost typical mitochondrial functions , such as those involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
. the biological roles of entamoeba mito... |
wild - type phi29 dnap ( 833,000 u ml ; specific activity 83,000 u mg ) was supplied by enzymatics corporation .
phosphoramidites ( including abasic residue ( dspacer ) , 3-spacer c3 cpg , and acridine ) were from glen research .
dna oligonucleotides were synthesized at the stanford university protein and nucleic a... | single - molecule techniques have been developed for commercial dna sequencing1,2 .
one emerging strategy uses a nanopore to analyze dna molecules as they are driven electrophoretically in single file order past a sensor3 - 5 . however , uncontrolled dna strand electrophoresis through nanopores is too fast for accura... |
the treatment of periodontal diseases has now moved toward an antimicrobial model of disease management . with the threat of widespread antibiotic resistance rendering many antibiotics useless against important diseases
, there is an increased necessity not only to minimize antibiotic use and develop novel nonantibio... | background : the aim of our clinical trial was to assess and compare the antiplaque and anti - inflammatory potential of a probiotic mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine and saline.materials and methods : a randomized parallel group study was designed for a period of 4 weeks on 45 systemically healthy subjects between 20 ... |
today , trauma is considered as a major healthcare problem in every society with any health , social and economic status .
in addition to being cause of death of millions of people , it causes temporary or permanent disabilities for millions of others .
this affects not only the individual , but also the family , s... | introduction : the effect of amputation on an individual 's psychological condition as well as family and social relationships is undeniable because physical disability not just affects the psycho - social adjustment , but also the mental health . when compared to normal people , such people are mostly experiencing soc... |
in 2008 , ticks were collected from animals from 2 different biotopes where each babesia species had been known to circulate : a farm on which a herd was infected with b. divergens and a reserve on which wild fauna were infected with babesia sp . eu1 .
a dairy farm in la verrie ( vende , france ) was selected as a fa... | to determine characteristics of natural transmission of babesia sp . eu1 and b. divergens by adult ixodes ricinus ticks , we examined tick salivary gland contents .
we found that i. ricinus is a competent vector for eu1 and that their sporozoites directly invade erythrocytes .
we conclude that eu1 is naturally tran... |
in the last two decades , there was a remarkable increase in studies concerning food science performed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) spectroscopy [ 1 , 2 ] .
the reason for nmr success in food analysis lies essentially in the possibility to study complex matrices , obtaining a large number of informa... | nmr spectroscopy has become an experimental technique widely used in food science .
the experimental procedures that allow precise and quantitative analysis on different foods are relatively simple . for a better sensitivity and resolution , nmr spectroscopy
is usually applied to liquid sample by means of extractio... |
it was initially isolated from the fungus tolypocladium inflatum from a soil sample obtained by sandoz scientists at hardangervidda , norway in 1970 .
cyclosporine is a cyclic nonribosomal peptide of 11 amino acids and contains a single d - amino acid , which is rarely encountered in nature .
the drug exhibits ve... | the evidence for conversion from brand name to generic equivalent cyclosporine is conflicting .
cyclosporine is a narrow therapeutic - range drug for which small variations in exposure may have severe clinical consequences for transplant patients .
there is currently a lack of comparative outcome data relating to t... |
foot ulceration occurs in approximately 1525% of people with diabetes while amputation prevalence ranges between 0.24.8% , worldwide .
in addition to the morbidity , diabetic foot complications are associated with high mortality . in one study ,
foot ulceration was associated with a two - fold increase in mortality... | this study aimed to estimate the proportion of patients at the university hospital of the west indies ( uhwi ) diabetes clinic who engage in recommended foot care and footwear practices .
seventy - two participants from the uhwi diabetes clinic completed an interviewer - administered questionnaire on foot care practi... |
autoimmune diseases ( aids ) are chronic disorders originated by the loss of immunological tolerance to self - antigens .
this heterogeneous group of conditions present common genetic risk factors and share several pathophysiological mechanisms leading to overlapping clinical manifestations targeting specific organs ... | autoimmune diseases ( aids ) are characterized by a multifactorial aetiology and a complex genetic background , with the mhc region playing a major role .
we genotyped for hla - drb1 locus 1228 patients with aids-213 with systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) , 166 with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis ( ps + psa ) , ... |
acute inflammation produces a condition known as hyperalgesia , which is characterized by enhanced pain sensation and reduced pain threshold .
this abnormal sensory state is brought about , at least in part , by sensitization of peripheral nociceptors .
accumulating evidence indicates that inflammatory mediators in... | prostaglandin ( pg ) e2 and pgi2 are essential to hyperalgesia in inflammatory tissues .
these prostaglandins are produced from arachidonic acid , which is cleaved from membrane phospholipids by the action of phospholipase a2 ( pla2 ) .
which isozyme of pla2 is responsible for the cleavage of arachidonic acid and t... |
the ethics committee of gois federal university approved this study under protocol #
020/2008 .
recombinant mycobacterium smegmatis production : m.
smegmatis mc 155 ( kindly provided by dr .
luciana leite of the
butantan institute , brazil ) was grown in middlebrook 7h9 broth ( himedia , mumbai , india )
su... | abstractthis study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of a recombinant
mycobacterium smegmatis vaccine expressing the cmx fusion protein
composed of immunodominant epitopes ag85c , mpt51 and hspx of mycobacterium
tuberculosis , which are important mycobacteria virulence factors .
a group of
nelore heifers t... |
cerebral palsy ( cp ) is a severe childhood disability , characterized by a nonprogressive motor disorder of posture and movement due to a lesion in the developing brain .
the prevalence of this clinical condition among children aged 310 years has been reported to be 2.4 in every 1000 live - borns , being significa... | cerebral palsy ( cp ) is one of the most severe childhood disabilities due to a lesion in the developing brain .
oral conditions often observed in this pathogenic are a tendency for the delayed eruption of permanent molars , higher percentages of malocclusion and parafunctional habits , including bruxism .
the sign... |
lactic acidosis ( la ) is a high anion gap metabolic acidosis with serum lactate levels > 5 mm / l and acidemia ( ph < 7.35 ) caused by over - production or underutilization of lactic acid from the body .
thiamine deficiency is one of the causes and cases of refractory la treated successfully with thiamine were repor... | a 48-year - old female patient with end - stage renal failure developed unexplained severe lactic acidosis ( la ) associated with hyperglycemia during robotic - assisted laparoscopic renal transplantation .
initial treatment with sodium bicarbonate and insulin infusion were ineffective in treating acidemia .
postop... |
large airway obstruction may be due to intraluminal disease , stenosis , tracheobronchial collapse and extinsic compression . surgical resection and anastomosis is the accepted approach to short focal airway disease . in many cases
this may not be feasible because of the site and extent of the stenosis , the cause of... | expandable metallic stents seemed to be a good method in tuberculous bronchial stenosis that does not respond to medical therapy .
but there was no long - term follow - up study after stents insertion in tuberculous bronchial stenosis .
we report a case of obstruction after successful gianturco metallic stents inse... |
hypomurocin ( hm ) peptides are the members of peptaibol family [ 13 ] , which were originally isolated from the fungus hypocrea muroiana ( synonymous to trichoderma atroviride ) , and they showed antibiotic and hemolytic activities . in a recent study , the hm molecules were also detected in other hypocrea spp . , and... | in this theoretical study , a conformational analysis was performed on short - sequence hypomurocin a peptides , in order to identify their characteristic structural properties . for each hypomurocin a molecule , not only the backbone conformations , but also the side - chain conformations were examined .
the results... |
phyllodes tumor of the breast accounts for 0.3%1% of all primary breast tumors and for 2.5% of all fibroepithelial tumors of the breast .
they are circumscribed biphasic fibroepithelial tumors , with classic histology showing hypercellular mesenchymal stroma and double - layered epithelium in clefts .
based on stro... | phyllodes tumor is a rare fibroepithelial biphasic tumor of the breast composed of hypercellular mesenchymal stroma and double - layered epithelial component , arranged in clefts with leaf - like projections .
phyllodes tumor with coincidental presence of invasive carcinoma or in situ ductal carcinoma in the same or ... |
dermatophytes , yeasts , and moulds are all potential causes on onychomycosis worldwide . often , non - dermatophytes are considered contaminants or secondary pathogens in onychomycosis , invading the already damaged by trauma or disease .
onychomycosis is a frequent clinical entity encountered in dermatological prac... | onychomycosis is frequently seen in dermatological clinical practice worldwide .
the causative agents are usually two pathogenic groups of fungi namely , dermatophytes and yeasts of the genus candida . in some cases , non - dermatophytic molds belonging to different genera and species
may be the etiological agents ... |
altman and das ( 1965 ) proposed in 1965 the revolutionary idea that new neurons are born in the adult brain . for decades , the concept has been ignored until it was rediscovered in the early 1990s .
it is now well accepted that new neurons are born throughout life , even in humans ( eriksson et al . , 1998 ; jin et... | neurogenesis occurs in two neurogenic zones in the adult brain : new neurons are born at the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and then migrate to the olfactory bulb , and at the subgranular zone to integrate the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus .
the hippocampus is involved in learning and memory... |
man 's yesterday may ne'er be like his morrow ; nought may endure but mutabililty .
percy bysshe shelley ( 1816 ) mutability the first hint that the cytosine - guanine ( cpg ) dinucleotide might constitute a hotspot for pathological mutations in the human genome came nearly 25 years ago with the finding that two diff... | the cytosine - guanine ( cpg ) dinucleotide has long been known to be a hotspot for pathological mutation in the human genome .
this hypermutability is related to its role as the major site of cytosine methylation with the attendant risk of spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine ( 5mc ) to yield thymine .
cyto... |
the present staging system for melanoma , using breslow thickness , ulceration , mitotic rate , and the presence of regional and distant metastases , stratifies patients into heterogenous groups , with wide variability in outcome or response to therapy .
this results in applying more aggressive surgical and adjuvant ... | better prognostic and predictive markers in melanoma are needed to select patients for therapy .
we utilized a dual - lectin affinity chromatography and a natural protein microarray - based analysis to select a subproteome of target glycoproteins to profile serum antibodies against melanoma associated antigens that m... |
cardiovascular diseases and related disorders are a major cause of mortality both in men and women all over the world .
they are commonly characterized by high levels of total cholesterol , triglyceride , and low density lipoprotein ( ldl ) cholesterol in the blood .
large amount of triglyceride and total cholester... | excess consumption of egg especially its yolk has been implicated in hyperlipidaemia ( high level of cholesterol and triglyceride in the blood ) .
conversely , soluble dietary fibers , probably due to their ability to bind free lipid molecules , appear to play an important role in protecting against hyperlipidaemia .... |
the incidence of vascular complications of injecting illicit drugs is growing due to the new kinds of drugs and diverse way of consumption .
these facts have contributed to the increasing risk of venous thromboembolism.[24 ] moreover , patients with hiv / aids have more frequent episodes of deep venous thrombosis ( d... | we report a case of recurrent deep venous thrombosis in a 44-year - old woman , intravenous drug user and hiv - infected , who injected cocaine in the groins and veins of the dorsum of the feet .
she suffered several episodes of deep venous thrombosis and soft - tissue infections in the lower limbs .
images of dopp... |
prevention of blood loss is a major concern during liver resections as it is the major determinant of operative outcome .
bleeding along with bile leak and hepatic failure is one of the major postoperative complications following liver resection [ 13 ] .
lin et al . introduced the finger fracture technique which in... | introduction and objective .
bleeding is an important complication in liver transections . to determine the safety and efficacy of debakey forceps for liver parenchymal transection and its ergonomic advantages over clamp crushing method we analysed our data
. methods .
we used debakey crushing technique in 100 li... |
since the discovery of the fragile x mental retardation 1 ( fmr1 ) gene in 1991 , our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying fragile x syndrome ( fxs ) has increased tremendously .
the disorder is caused by dynamic mutation of a single trinucleotide sequence , cgg , on the x chromosome . in patients , cgg r... | fragile x syndrome is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability , but the underlying pathophysiology is complex and effective treatments are lacking . in a recent study of fragile x mental retardation 1 ( fmr1 ) knockout mice , the metabolic profile of the fragile x brain was determined using proton hi... |
gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) identifies women with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease .
therefore , women with prior gdm ( pgdm ) are recommended to regularly undergo assessment of glucose tolerance in order to detect overt diabetes in time to initiate treatment to p... | background . the study aimed to assess whether women with prior gestational diabetes ( pgdm ) , despite maintenance of normal glucose tolerance ( ngt )
five years after delivery , display metabolic disturbances compared to healthy controls . methods .
45 pgdm with ngt were compared to 18 women without a history of... |
a 42 year old gentleman presented with rest tremors , bradykinesia and rigidity for 10 years .
he responded very well to the treatment [ updrs scale ( off 40 , on 24 ) ] .
after three years of onset of the disease , family members noticed that while walking he was having lateral flexion of trunk and was leaning on ... | pisa syndrome is ( ps ) usually seen in patients receiving antipsychotic drugs and characterised by lateral flexion of trunk and axial dystonia .
it is believed that antipsychotic drugs lead to dopamine blockage causing ps .
we describe a parkinson s disease patient who was doing well with levodopa / carbidopa for ... |
rituximab ( rituxan ) is a chimeric igg1 monoclonal antibody that targets the cd20 receptor and is used in the management of lymphoproliferative disorders .
rituximab is fda approved in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) , non - hodgkin 's lymphoma ( nhl ) , and rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) .
ritu... | rituximab is an anti - cd-20 monoclonal antibody used in the management of lymphoproliferative disorders .
the use of maintenance rituximab has improved progression free survival and overall survival in follicular lymphomas . although rapid rituximab infusions have been studied extensively ,
there is little data on... |
rats were maintained in rooms with controlled temperature and light at 23 3c and 14 h
light/10 h dark cycle ( lights on at 0500 h ) .
adult female rats showing at least two regular
four - day estrous cycles were mated .
the day of parturition was defined as day 0 ( d0 ) of lactation and the number of pups was ... | gonadotropin - releasing hormone ( gnrh ) is a neurohormone of the hypothalamus controlling pituitary gonadotropin secretion and hence gametogenesis .
while it has
also been believed that gnrh is synthesized and functions in various peripheral tissues , the expression of gnrh receptor ( gnrh - r ) in peripheral tis... |
hodgkin lymphoma ( hl ) is a potentially curable lymphoma with distinct histology , biologic behaviour , and clinical characteristics .
the reported five - year event - free survival ranges between 80 and 90% with combined modality chemotherapy and radiotherapy .
despite the high cure rate with initial therapy , ap... | despite a high clinical success , relapse in hodgkin lymphoma occurs in 1030% of cases and 510% patients are nonresponsive to initial chemotherapy .
the standard management of these patients includes high - dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant .
however , 50% of patients ultimately relapse ... |
the major problem of
children with cerebral palsy is an inability to use movement control for balance as well as
an inability to use the hands for reaching and manipulation in daily activities2 . in daily life activities ,
therefore , children s physical capabilities must be
evaluated in a real occupational env... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to determine effects of gross motor function
classification system and manual ability classification system levels on performance - based
motor skills of children with spastic cerebral palsy .
[ subjects and methods ] twenty - three
children with cerebral palsy were inc... |
autism typically develops in childhood , and it is considered as a systemic spectrum disorder with multiple development trajectories with an incidence four times higher in males than in females ( grossi and terruzzi 2014 ) .
in addition to behavioural traits , gi abnormalities such as diarrhoea , constipation , bloa... | abstractchildren with autism spectrum disorders ( asd ) often suffer gastrointestinal problems consistent with imbalances in the gut microbial population .
treatment with antibiotics or pro / prebiotics has been postulated to regulate microbiota and improve gut symptoms , but there is a lack of evidence for such appr... |
chronic myelogenous leukemia ( cml ) is a malignant clonal disorder of hemopoietic stem cells characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of immature granulocytes .
leukostasis is one of the complications of cml and is characterized by partial or total occlusion of microcirculation by aggregation of leuk... | chronic myelogenous leukemia ( cml ) is a malignant clonal disorder of hemopoietic stem cells characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of immature granulocyte .
leukostasis is one of the complications of cml and is characterized by partial or total occlusion of microcirculation by aggregation of leuke... |
copd includes chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema , having as a common feature the blockage of the lung airways , thus reducing significantly the airflow at the end and trapping the air inside .
the obstruction initially causes decline in lung function , leading to decreased breathing , especially after severe... | introduction : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are two diseases , which often coexist in one person .
the sleep apnea is often caused by an interruption to breath when sleeping , due to an obstruction of the upper airway during inhalation , causing chronic snoring ,... |
an 83-year - old woman ( height : 168 cm , weight : 56 kg ) was admitted to the outpatient center to receive a second transurethral resection of a bladder tumor ( turbt ) .
the patient had underlying diabetes and hypertension and was taking a calcium channel blocker ( amlodipine ) and an angiotensin ii receptor block... | an 83-year - old woman was scheduled for a second transurethral resection of a bladder tumor .
the preoperative electrocardiogram evaluation revealed atrial fibrillation with a slow ventricular response ( ventricular rate : 59 /min ) .
after intravenous injection of 1% lidocaine 40 mg and propofol 60 mg , the ventr... |
omeprazole ( omz ) , 5-methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulphinyl]-1h - benzimidazole , is the first member of the proton pump inhibitors that are widely used for the prophylaxis and treatment of both gastro - duodenal ulcers and symptomatic gastrooesophageal reflux . also , it is highly effecti... | new rapid , sensitive , and accurate kinetic spectrophotometric methods were developed , for the first time , to determine omeprazole ( omz ) in its dosage forms .
the methods were based on the formation of charge - transfer complexes with both iodine and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone ( ddq ) .
the vari... |
lingual orthodontics , a more esthetic orthodontic technique than labial orthodontics , has developed rapidly in recent years.1 - 3 many case reports and papers have documented the treatment effects , and a variety of bracket designs have been produced.4,5 the disadvantages of lingual orthodontics include the excessive... | objectiveto evaluate the factors that affect torque control during anterior retraction when utilizing the c - retractor with a palatal miniplate as an exclusive source of anchorage without posterior appliances.methodsthe c - retractor was modeled using a 3-dimensional beam element ( 0.9-mm - diameter stainless - steel ... |
low back pain is a highly prevalent complaint , reported to affect 26.4% of us adults at some point in the last three months , although fewer than 1% of patients proceed to undergo surgical intervention . in spite of methodical advances in surgical techniques , incidental durotomy ( iatrogenic dural tears ) during post... | purpose .
incidental durotomy is a relatively common complication for patients undergoing posterior spinal surgery .
delineating anatomical variants in the posterior lumbar spinal canal is crucial in reducing future rates of incidental durotomy .
materials and methods .
the ligamentous attachments between the d... |
undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma ( ups ) , formerly known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma ( mfh ) , is a common soft tissue sarcoma in which any attempt to describe the line of differentiation fails .
ups was first described by ozzello et al . in 1963 , and feldman and norman first described primary malignant t... | undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma ( ups ) , previously known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma , occurs commonly in the soft tissues in adult , but is rare in the maxillofacial region .
it consists of undifferentiated mesenchymal tumor cells resembling histiocytes and fibroblasts .
the purpose of this article is... |
ramadan is a holy month observed by muslims all over the world , during which fasting is rigorously observed from dawn until sunset . the duration of fasting varies by geographical location and season . during summer and northern latitudes ,
fasting begins after a meal before dawn ( sahur ) and is completed after sun... | aims : the aim was to assess the dietary pattern during ramadan season among type 2 diabetic muslim subjects who underwent fasting and intensive dietary counseling.materials and methods : the study was conducted among 70 muslim subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who undertook fasting during ramadan and was part of ... |
renal diseases contribute a major component to morbidity and mortality ; with a prevalence of 17.2% .
it has become a global problem necessitating early detection , evaluation , and preventive management to delay progression and to prevent adverse outcomes .
the incidence of renal failure has doubled in the last 15... | background : the prevalence of chronic renal failure is increasing because of increase in chronic debilitating diseases and progressing age of population .
these patients experience accumulation of metabolic byproducts and electrolyte imbalance , which has harmful effects on their health .
timely hemodialysis at re... |
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s00134 - 007 - 0545-y ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users
high - frequency ventilation ( hfv ) has been compared with conventional mechanical ventilation ( cmv ) since the 1980s . in hfv , patients are ventilated with small tidal ... | objectivethere is considerable heterogeneity among randomized trials comparing high - frequency ventilation ( hfv ) with conventional mechanical ventilation ( cmv ) in premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome .
we investigated what factors explained differences in outcome among these trials.designmeta-re... |
a 12-year - old male , whose father was a ldl receptor ( ldl - r ) mutation carrier , developed corneal arcus and multiple skin lesions with a 10-year history of xanthomas . both his parents had elevated levels of total serum cholesterol and ldl cholesterol .
his elder brother died of myocardial infarction secondary ... | we report the case of a 12-year - old male who developed corneal arcus and multiple skin lesions with a 10-year history of xanthomas .
the lesions appeared over his fingers , hands , elbows , knees , buttocks and feet .
laboratory studies showed a total serum cholesterol level of 752.1 mg / dl ; a triglyceride leve... |
during pregnancy in larger mammals , the maternal immune system must tolerate the fetus for months .
although in mice tolerance is accomplished by suppression of maternal immune cells , species with longer pregnancies probably can not suppress their immune systems to the same extent because this would make them prone... | during pregnancy in larger mammals , the maternal immune system must tolerate the fetus for months while resisting external infection .
this tolerance is facilitated by immunological communication between the fetus and the mother , which is mediated by major histocompatibility complex i ( mhc i ) proteins , by leukoc... |
patients with eos usually present in the fourth and fifth decades of life unlike skeletal osteosarcoma patients who present in the fifth and sixth decades of life .
there are also reports of eos involving the face , breast , abdominal wall , soft tissues of the back and retroperitoneum , and site of a vaccination sca... | primary extraskeletal osteosarcoma ( eos ) is an extremely rare malignancy . in this report
, the clinical course of a 32-year - old man presenting with proptoses is described .
medical history included hirschsprung disease ( hd ) , horseshoe kidney , azoospermia , and vertebral anomalies .
imaging of the orbit s... |
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