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the need for better healthcare has grown significantly in recent years , which demands an increasing number of countries started promoting medical tourism ( 1 ) . furthermore , the rising healthcare costs in the us and in many european countries have forced many patients from these countries to seek medical treatment...	background : the need for better healthcare has grown significantly in recent years . in addition , the rising healthcare costs in the u.s . and in many european countries have forced many patients to seek medical treatment abroad , which has created the demand for medical tourism . with little yet known as to the perc...
diabetes mellitus represents an extreme disturbance in glucose metabolism with severe hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency . diabetes mellitus is the fifth most common chronic condition and the sixth most frequent cause of death among the elderly . tissue repair is affected and dysfunction of the oral mucosa occurs...	background : diabetes mellitus is the fifth most common chronic condition and the sixth most frequent cause of death among the elderly . the objective of this research was to develop a new method for diabetes diagnosis by analysis of the glycogen content of the oral epithelial cells.materials and methods : ten contro...
mustard gas can cause numerous complications in the skin , eye , gastrointestinal , and respiratory systems ( 1 ) . physical and psychological disabilities can establish limitations in usual activities , occupational tasks , social actions , and the quality of life in chemical victims ( 3 ) . quality of life is a b...	backgroundhealth - promoting behaviors can enhance physical and mental health among individuals with disability , particularly veterans.objectivesthe current study aimed to examine both one - way direct and indirect effects of the factors of the health promotion model ( hpm ) on health - promoting behaviors in chemical...
controlled hypotension has an established role in reducing intra - articular bleed and thereby improving visualisation during shoulder arthroscopy . both these agents reduce mean arterial blood pressures ( mbp ) to an equivalent magnitude . the haemodynamic parameter which is directly linked to pump pressures , int...	background and aims : hypotensive anaesthesia reduces intra - articular bleed and promotes visualisation during arthroscopy . the haemodynamic effects of inhalational agents isoflurane and sevoflurane were studied extensively , and both were found to reduce mean arterial pressures ( mbp ) to an equivalent magnitude ....
	genetic screening in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) has identified only a handful of genes that are mutated in the disorder . thus , for a very large proportion of patients , the biology of their disease is poorly understood . epigenetic alterations may provide an explanation in these cases . using dna methylation pro...
prostate - specific antigen ( psa ) measurement in patients with serum psa level above 4.0 ng / ml has a sensitivity of about 20% , and the specificity of psa measurements is approximately 60% to 70% at this cut - off ( 1 ) . if patients with psa levels below 10 ng / ml were submitted to prostate biopsy , 2040% would b...	objective to investigate whether prostate - specific antigen ( psa ) fluctuation correlates with a prostate cancer and to assess whether psa fluctuation could be used for diagnosis of prostate cancer.materials and methods our study included 229 patients who were performed a prostate biopsy ( non - cancer group , 177 ; ...
in this issue of critical care , zwiers and colleagues describe the incidence of acute kidney injury ( aki ) in neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ( ecmo ) based on a 12-year cohort study from sophia children s hospital pediatric intensive care unit in rotterdam , the netherlands . of major interest , ...	whether the egg or the chicken came first remains debated , although the debate is not critical for those who love eating omelets . at least , it is well accepted that one needs to break eggs to fry an omelet . in some ways , there are similarities with acute kidney injury . a lot of debate arises from whether acut...
chenaud and colleagues are to be commended for their interest in achieving a better understanding of ' informed consent for research obtained during the intensive care unit stay ' . because intensive care medicine consumes an ever increasing percentage of total health care expenditure , research to define both its be...	in the previous issue of critical care chenaud and colleagues found that most intensive care unit patients who had given informed consent for their participation in a clinical trial could not recall either the purpose of the trial or its related risks several days later . these findings should remind us that informed...
aflatoxins ( afs ) are secondary metabolites with toxic and carcinogenic effects , which are produced by species of aspergillus , particularly aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus ( a. parasiticus ) . the commodities such as peanuts , rice , corn and cottonseed have suitable condition for growth of these fu...	background : aflatoxins ( afs ) are secondary hazardous fungal metabolites that are produced by strains of some aspergillus species on food and feedstuffs . aflatoxin b1 ( afb1 ) is one of the most important af with high toxicity . prevention of af production and their elimination from food products is a matter of im...
the mood stabilizer and anticonvulsant drug valproic acid and the antidepressants doxepin and venlafaxine are well - established psychotropic drugs that are used widely . valproic acid is one of the most important antiepileptic agents ( stephen , 2003 ; angalakuditi and angalakuditi , 2011 ) applicable in antiepilept...	valproic acid and the antidepressants doxepin and venlafaxine are frequently used psychotropic drugs . in the literature , an influence of valproic acid on serum levels of antidepressants has been described , although studies have focused on amitriptyline . the authors assessed their therapeutic drug monitoring ( t...
all replication - competent retroviruses encode genes for three major proteins : gag , pol , and env . complex retroviruses , such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( hiv-1 ) , encode additional regulatory and accessory proteins required for efficient replication in host cell or the infected host organism . ga...	together with the gag protein , the env glycoprotein is a major retroviral structural protein and is essential for forming infectious virus particles . env is synthesized , processed , and transported to certain microdomains at the plasma membrane and takes advantage of the same host machinery for its trafficking as ...
systemic lupus erythematous ( sle ) is an autoimmune disease presenting many kinds of autoantibodies in serum . in case of elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies , the patient presents recurrent episodes of arterial and venous thrombosis , thrombocytopenia and spontaneous fetal losses . the vascular thrombo...	antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by recurrent episodes of arterial and venous thrombosis , spontaneous fetal losses , thrombocytopenia and persistently elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies . we experienced a case of budd - chiari syndrome in a 32-year old female lupus patient who was presented wit...
in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis ( ms ) , which is an autoimmune disease , pathologic remodelling of the blood - brain barrier precedes the formation of focal demyelination in the brain white matter [ 13 ] . the remodelling of the blood - brain barrier in the course of ms is controlled by the activated t cd4...	backgroundmultiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with possible involvement of vascular dysregulation secondary to endothelial dysfunction caused by destruction of the vessel wall . vascular dysregulation leads to excessive vasoconstriction or insufficient vasodil...
acinetobacter species are strictly aerobic nonfermenting gram - negative coccobacilli if in the inactive phase or bacilli if in the rapid - growth phase . the acinetobacter calcoaceticus acinetobacter baumannii complex comprises a. baumannii , a. pittii , a. nosocomialis , a. lwoffii and the environmental species a....	the objective of our study was to describe the molecular support of carbapenem resistance from randomly selected clinical isolates of multidrug - resistant ( mdr ) acinetobacter baumannii as a pilot study from the hamad medical corporation ( hmc ) , qatar . results of our report will be used to study carbapenemases u...
otitis media with effusion ( ome ) is the fluid in the middle ear with no signs or symptoms of acute ear infection.1 relentless middle - ear fluid from ome results in decreased mobility of the eardrum and serves as a barrier to sound conduction.2 the eardrum is often cloudy with distinctly weakened mobility , and an ai...	introduction otitis media with effusion is the fluid in the middle ear with no signs or symptoms of acute ear infection . objective this study aims to research the frequency of serous otitis media in patients referred to the pediatric clinic between 316 years of age without any active ear , nose , and throat compla...
in 1992 , medicare implemented the medicare physician fee schedule ( mpfs ) using a resource - based relative value scale ( rbrvs ) , which established physician service payments based on relative costs instead of prevailing charges . the goal of the mpfs was to correct distortions produced by charge - based payments...	in 1999 , medicare implemented a resource - based relative value unit ( rvu ) system for physician practice expense payments , and increased the number of services for which practice expense payments differ by site . using 1998 - 2004 data , we examined rvu growth and decomposed that growth into resource - based rvus ,...
the quality of a scintigram depends on the number of acquired photons per unit area . generally , the geometric efficiency of a gamma camera is small , and the data acquisition time of a scintigram is limited , and so the acquired counts of gamma rays are sometimes several tens to a hundred per pixel for imaging . as a...	the aim of this study was to eliminate the effect of poisson noise in scintigrams with a wavelet thresholding method . we developed a new noise reduction method with a wavelet transform . the proposed method was a combination of the translation - invariant denoising method and our newly introduced denoising filter ...
acute pulmonary thromboembolism is a fatal disease that can cause patients to take a sudden turn for the worse from the moment of symptom manifestation due to right heart dysfunction , hypotension , and hypoxia , if there is no precise and fast diagnosis and treatment for it . for medical therapy of acute pulmonary thr...	backgroundacute pulmonary thromboembolism is fatal because of abruptly occurring hypoxemia and right ventricular failure . there are several treatment modalities , including anticoagulation , thrombolytics , ecmo ( extracorporeal membrane oxygenator ) , and thromboembolectomy , for managing acute pulmonary thromboemb...
its evolution can run through serious complications and irreversible damage [ 1 , 2 ] , mainly in our areas which are characterized by low medication and delays in referral specialist consultations . the issue of the com in developing countries still lies not only in its diagnostic approaches , but also in its treatm...	objectives . the aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and clinical aspects of chronic otitis media and its therapeutic processes in our context . patients and methods . in a prospective study over a period of 1 year ( march 2009february 2010 ) , 79 patients with chronic otitis media have been cared fo...
the meeting was introduced by edwin l. cooper , a very communicative and scientifically participative professor , who illustrated the main aims of the journal ecam , evidence - based complementary and alternative medicine , and roused everyone to contribute publishing scientific - based evidences on homeopathy and othe...	verona 's school of homeopathic medicine ( www.omeopatia.org ) organized a day of full immersion in the field of homeopathy , focusing on the validity of this much - debated discipline . there is widespread consensus in the medical community that evidence - based medicine is the best standard for assessing efficacy a...
we have introduced and reported a potential novel clinical indicator for keratoconus ( kcn ) cornea instability assessment based on consistent , increased overall corneal epithelial thickness . as in our previous report , most epithelial measurements have been performed in vivo , by high - frequency scanning ultras...	purposeto evaluate safety , efficacy and ease of measurement of epithelial thickness in a keratoconic patient based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography ( as - oct).methodsa 25-year - old male patient , previously diagnosed with keratoconus , with highly asymmetric manifestation among the two eyes , was sub...
innovations in research , diagnosis and therapeutics stimulated interest in this young branch of medicine . in 1805 , cuvier defined the medulla and cortex of the adrenal gland . a few years late , alibert described acromegaly ( 1822 ) , while rathke described the formation of the pituitary gland ( 1838 ) . in 1860 ...	the parathyroid glands are now recognized as being essential for life . their structure and function is well delineated , and their disease and dysfunction , well characterized . diagnosis and management of parathyroid disease has improved in the past few decades . the path of parathyroid science , however , has been...
angiosarcoma ( as ) is an uncommon malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating , extensively infiltrating anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood - filled spaces . as of the mediastinum . we present a case of as of mediastinum that was managed with recombinant activated fa...	sarcomatous lesions of the mediastinum usually present as aggressive and multicentre masses often attached to adjoining structures including heart and lungs . a forty one year male diagnosed with sarcomatous lesion in mediastinum presented for biopsy through midsternotomy later confirmed as angiosarcoma on histopatho...
the behavioral , cognitive , and neurosciences ( hereafter : the bcn - sciences ) are gradually beginning to reveal the mechanisms that make us who we are . the success of this enterprise has led some to worry that these sciences will undermine the notion of free will and the idea that people are responsible for what...	many philosophers ignore developments in the behavioral , cognitive , and neurosciences that purport to challenge our ideas of free will and responsibility . the reason for this is that the challenge is often framed as a denial of the idea that we are able to act differently than we do . however , most philosophers...
gram - negative bacterium campylobacter is responsible for an estimated 400 million human cases of enterocolitis worldwide each year , making it the leading cause of bacterial foodborne disease and a major causative agent of traveller 's disease . in a limited number of cases , the enteric manifestations are followed b...	campylobacter jejuni is the most common zoonotic bacterium associated with human diarrhea , and chickens are considered to be one of the most important sources for human infection , with no effective prophylactic treatment available . we describe here a prophylactic strategy using chitosan - dna intranasal immunizati...
recently , the number of newly diagnosed patients with hiv infection is increasing in japan and eastern asia ( even though it is decreasing in most western countries ) while amebiasis is also increasing in japan as a sexually transmitted disease , especially among males who admit to having sex with men ( msm ) . ther...	a 41-year - old male was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of diarrhea , fever and rapidly progressive respiratory distress . a chest radiograph and computed tomography ( ct ) of the chest and the abdomen showed a large amount of right pleural effusion and a large liver abscess . the patient was thus diagnosed t...
malignant metastatic involvements of oral tissues have been infrequently reported only in 1% of all oral malignancies.[14 ] breast , lung , kidney , thyroid , and prostate are the most common primary sites . furthermore , metastasis to soft tissues is less common compared with the osseous structures , and metastasis to...	localized gingival enlargement is often associated with systemic medications , abscess formation , trauma , or reactive lesions . very few reports are available reporting enlargement of gingiva due to metastasis of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus . a case of localized gingival growth affecting right maxillary and man...
obesity is one of the major health challenges throughout the world , due to its association with an array of vascular , metabolic , and psychosocial complications [ 1 , 2 ] . obesity is traditionally associated with populations in europe and north america ; however asian countries such as japan have recently repo...	obesity has received much attention worldwide in association with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases , diabetes , and cancer . at present , bariatric surgery is the only effective treatment for obesity in which long - term weight loss is achieved in patients . by contrast , pharmacological interventions for...
insulin resistance ( ir ) is a complicated metabolic disorder with a wide range of clinical traits . ir means that circulating insulin does not do its function in insulin sensitive tissues such as skeletal muscle , adipose tissue , liver , and endothelium . ir is related with central obesity , low high - density li...	background : insulin receptor substrate ( irs ) type 1 is a main substrate for the insulin receptor , controls insulin signaling in skeletal muscle , adipose tissue , and the vascular , so it is an important candidate gene for insulin resistance ( ir ) . we aimed to compare the effects of the dietary approaches to st...
all persons living in 2 sami municipalities in northernmost finland ( inari and utsjoki ) on 31 december 1978 were identified from the finnish population information system . the sami were identified by using the material of the finnish international biological program , human adaptability section . those data were...	objectivesthe incidence of cancer among the indigenous sami people of northern finland is lower than among the finnish general population . the survival of sami cancer patients is not known , and therefore it is the object of this study.study designthe cohort consisted of 2,091 sami and 4,161 non - sami who lived on ...
utilizing the patient s immune system represents a promising approach for eradication of cancer . the immune system is well equipped to identify and eliminate malignant cells , but cancer cells can escape from immune surveillance , which can lead to the development of tumors with the potential to metastasiz...	the aim of the present study was to improve the immunogenicity of peptide epitope vaccines using novel nanocarriers based on self - assembling materials . several studies demonstrated that peptide antigens in nanoparticulate form induce stronger immune responses than their soluble forms . however , severa...
primary intraosseous or ectopic meningioma of the skull is a rare tumor accounting for about 1% of meningiomas . it is postulated to arise from arachnoid cell rests captured at inappropriate sites during embryonic development or implantation of these cells by some mechanical insult like trauma or dural tear . their...	primary intraosseous or ectopic meningioma of the skull is a rare tumor accounting for about 1% of meningioma . intradiploic meningioma is an extremely rare type of extraneuraxial meningiomas . intradiploic meningioma of the orbit is extremely rare , and < 8 such cases are reported till date in western literature o...
the genus dirofilaria consists of at least 2 species of epidemiologically important human pathogens , dirofilaria immitis ( leidy , 1856 ) and dirofilaria ( nochtiella ) repens ( railliet and henry , 1911 ) . these worms commonly cause dirofilariasis in dogs , cats , and wild carnivores and are globally recognized ...	the emergence of dirofilarial infections in asia including vietnam is a clinically significant threat to the community . we here report a rare case of subcutaneous dirofilaria repens infection on the posterior thoracic wall in a young woman presenting a painful , itchy , and palpable nodule . the adult worm was ident...
mesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare but potentially fatal complication associated with laparoscopy which has now become common practice and gold standard for many procedures in general surgery . there are only few scattered case reports in the literature describing this postoperative thrombotic event . in the pr...	context : mesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare but potentially fatal complication associated with laparoscopy which has now become common practice and gold standard for many procedures in general surgery . there are only few scattered case reports in the literature describing this postoperative thrombotic event.cas...
granulomas are focal accumulations of epithelioid cells , typically with a rim of lymphocytes and fibroblasts , representing a delayed - type hypersensitivity reaction in response to antigenic stimulation . this stimulation is usually triggered by exposure to antigen that can not be degraded or in cases of immune dys...	abstracta shortage of donor organs is a major limitation to liver transplantation . expansion of donor pool criteria to include patients with schistosomiasis diagnosed on liver biopsy might allow the allocation of more transplant livers . schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease affecting millions in endemic ...
a descriptive cross - sectional study of students of federal school of dental therapy and technology , enugu , nigeria was conducted using self - administered questionnaire . all the students in year 14 were included in the study . data was obtained on demography , frequency and duration of tooth brushing , texture o...	objectiveto determine the tooth brushing , tongue cleaning and snacking behaviour of dental technology and therapist students.methodsa descriptive cross - sectional study of students of federal school of dental therapy and technology enugu , nigeria . self - administered questionnaire was used to obtain information o...
these types of internal hernias are difficult to diagnose on imaging modalities , as herniated small bowel loops are non - clustered and non - encapsulated . we report a rare case of idiopathic combined transomental and transmesocolic internal hernia with its imaging features , diagrammatic representations and review...	transomental and transmesenteric hernias are rare types of internal hernia , with a reported frequency of upto 4% and 8% , respectively . combined transomental and transmesocolic hernia is even rare . only in a few types of internal hernia , the dilated small bowel loops will be seen extending from the antero - sup...
polyamides , polyimides , and their copolymers are certainly one of the most useful classes of high - performance polymers , which have found many applications in industries as discussed by mittal and abade . aromatic polyimides are an important class of heterocyclic polymers with remarkable heat resistance and sup...	ethyl l - lysine dihydrochloride was reacted with three different dianhydrides to yield the poly ( ethyl l - lysinimide)s ( pi13 ) ; it was also reacted with two different diacyl chlorides to yield the poly ( ethyl l - lysinamide)s ( pa4 - 5 ) . the resulting polymers have inherent viscosities in the range of 0.15 to...
fistulas inaccessible from the vagina may require abdominal repair ; we sought to evaluate the robotic - assisted laparoscopic approach for this procedure . a 41-year - old nulliparous woman presented with urinary incontinence following an abdominal hysterectomy , and office evaluation identified a vesicovaginal fist...	background and objectives : fistulas inaccessible from the vagina may require abdominal repair ; we sought to evaluate the robotic - assisted laparoscopic approach for this procedure.methods:a 41-year - old nulliparous woman presented with urinary incontinence following an abdominal hysterectomy , and office evaluation...
it is estimated that 26.2% of americans aged 18 and older ( about 1 in 4 adults ) have a diagnosable mental disorder . in the aftermath of the sandy hook tragedy , mental health has been recognized as a priority issue in the united states , specifically depression . in a study by the centers for disease control and p...	purpose : the purpose of this study is to examine the rate of depression screening among patients , aged 19 and older , seen at a community health center , while referencing to us preventive services task force ( uspstf ) screening recommendations.methods:a random sample of 500 patients , aged 19 and older , were extra...
pseudomyxoma peritonei , a mucinous cancer primarily of ovarian origin , was first described by rokitansky in 1892 , although the term pseudomyxoma peritonei was first used by werth . , in 1901 , frankel reported a similar pathology in association with a cyst of the appendix . since then , the term has been used ...	background and objectives : pseudomyxoma peritonei results from ovarian and appendiceal mucinous tumors . cyst rupture results in intraabdominal mucin accumulation , leading to abdominal distension . no effective treatment has yet been established . pseudomyxoma peritonei is generally associated with a poor progn...
we retrospectively reviewed the radiological and clinical findings of 13 patients with a pathologically confirmed mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver . the institutional review board approved the review of the radiological and clinical data for this study and waived the requirement for informed consent . a computed ...	objectivea hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma is an uncommon benign tumor in children and little is known about the spectrum of its radiological features . the purpose of this study is to describe the spectrum of radiological features of a hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma in children.materials and methodsthirteen children wi...
hereditary transthyretin ( ttr ) amyloidosis is a life - threatening autosomal - dominant disorder characterized by peripheral neuropathy , autonomic dysfunction , heart and kidney failure , and other symptoms leading to death , usually within 10 years of the onset of disease . it can be classified as early - onset a...	background : mutations of transthyretin ( ttr ) cause the most common type of autosomal - dominant hereditary systemic amyloidosis , which occurs worldwide . to date , more and more mutations in the ttr gene have been reported . some variations in the clinical presentation are often observed in patients with the sa...
however , not every orthopaedic surgeon has had the opportunity to observe a case of simultaneous shoulder dislocation with ipsilateral humeral shaft fracture . the literature related to this rare injury is limited to case reports often with inadequate follow ups . herein we present a case of a 15-year - old boy wi...	simultaneous dislocation of shoulder and humeral shaft fracture is a rare injury , and there is no clear protocol for its treatment . herein we present a case of a 15-year - old boy , who suffered from a job - related accident and sustained fracture of humeral shaft associated with ipsilateral anterior shoulder dislo...
early mortality in the initial 90 days after antiretroviral therapy ( art ) initiation is strikingly high among persons with low body mass index ( bmi < 18.5 kg / m ) compared to those with normal bmi [ 14 ] . while a greater incidence of opportunistic infections and more advanced immunosuppression likely contribute...	background . low body mass index ( bmi ) at antiretroviral therapy ( art ) initiation is associated with early mortality , but the etiology is not well understood . we hypothesized that low pretreatment serum phosphate , a critical cellular metabolism intermediate primarily stored in skeletal muscle , may predict mor...
a 9-year - old boy presented to the outpatient department with bilateral webbing from the lateral chest wall extending up to his elbows , which looked like wings [ figure 1 ] . this deformity had been present since birth and involved anterior axillary fold as well as medial elbow [ figure 2 ] . this was successfull...	reporting images in a case of a 9-year - old boy who presented with bilateral congenital webbing ( pterygium ) of axillae and elbows . this deformity was restricting his axilla and elbow movements . this was successfully treated on one side with multiple z - plasty . an outline of multiple pterygium syndrome is g...
epidermoid cysts are rare , slow - growing , congenital , space - occupying lesions accounting for 0.2 - 1.8% of all primary brain tumors . epidermoid cysts involving the brainstem are extremely rare , with only 18 reported cases in the literature and only five purely intrinsic epidermoid cysts within this group . ...	epidermoid cysts involving the brainstem are extremely rare , with only 18 reported cases in the literature and only five purely intrinsic epidermoid cysts within this group . white epidermoids , a rare entity , have high protein content and show reversed signal intensity on magnetic resonance images . in contra...
a 75-year - old man was referred to chungbuk national university hospital owing to urinary frequency . he had a history of transurethral resection of the bladder for invasive urothelial carcinoma 8 years previously . the tumor was of a low grade and invaded the subepithelial connective tissue . however , proper mus...	mucosal spreading of urothelial tumors to the seminal vesicles is very rare . we experienced a case of mucosal involvement of the seminal vesicles by a bladder tumor in a 72-year - old man . the patient had a history of transurethral resection for invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder 8 years previously . ...
fibrinogen is a 340-kd glycoprotein , one of the critical proteins of the blood coagulation and platelet aggregation ( 1 ) . it is composed of six polypeptide chains , ( , , )2 , which are held together by disulfide bonds and organized in a symmetrical dimeric fashion ( 1 ) . until now , a variety of mutations in e...	this case study reports a rare fibrinogen variant , met310thr mutation , for the first time in korea . the case shows a point mutation from t to c in the 1,007th nucleotide of the fgg gene . this report describes a variant fibrinogen , hereinafter called " fibrinogen yecheon " , using the name after the town where...
cell culture , transfection , and plasmid constructs culture and transfection of cos1 cells were performed as previously described ( 2 ) . mammalian expression plasmids pmcfp - rac1 and pmyfp - rac1 encoding the nh2-terminal fusion of monomeric cyan fluorescence protein ( cfp ) or yellow fluorescence pro...	the cooh - terminal polybasic region ( pbr ) of rac1 , a rho family gtpase member , is required for rac1 self - association , membrane localization , nuclear translocation , and interaction with downstream effectors . we previously demonstrated that phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase , one of the e...
vitamin d deficiency is reemerging as a major public health problem throughout the world . it is acknowledged that the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency and its associated morbidities are higher than previously thought worldwide . in addition to metabolic bone disease , recent studies reported that vitamin d defic...	aims . kidney disease was found to be a major risk factor for vitamin d deficiency in a population study of patients hospitalized . the aims of the study were to describe the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency inpatients and outpatients in a nephrology department during fall and to evaluate effect of assessing serum ...
notwithstanding the astonishing discrepancies among the orr activities reported from different laboratories and typically attributed to experimental protocols , electrode conditioning , and current - potential curves corrections , the rde technique together with the rdde one seems to be the method most used by the el...	this paper reports on the quantitative assessment of the oxygen reduction reaction ( orr ) electrocatalytic activity of electrodeposited mn / polypyrrole ( ppy ) nanocomposites for alkaline aqueous solutions , based on the rotating disk electrode ( rde ) method and accompanied by structural characterizations relevant t...
gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) are well recognized nonepithelial neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract ( gi ) . after decades of ultra structural , immunohistochemical , and genetic studies , it is now evident that most gists are believed to differentiate from cajal ( iccs ) pacemaker cells . the cajal...	gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) compose the largest category of well - recognized nonepithelial neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract ( gi ) . gists of the gallbladder are extremely rare tumors . only four malignant , two benign and one gist - like tumor of the gall bladder have ever been described . ...
post activation potentiation ( pap ) is a method used to increase the explosive strength of a contractile activity in order to naturally increase physical capabilities in the acute phase1 . the stimulus results in two opposing outcomes : on the one hand , there is atp level depletion post - workout ; and , on t...	[ purpose ] the aim of this study was to determine the acute effect temporal of a complex training protocol on 30 meter sprint times . a secondary objective was to evaluate the fatigue indexes of military athletes . [ subjects and methods ] seven military athletes were the subjects of this study . the varia...
primary cardiac lymphoma ( pcl ) is a very rare neoplasm originating in the heart . traditionally , pcl is defined as an extranodal lymphoma limited to the heart or pericardium . however , some previous reports demonstrated pcl cases with extracardiac involvement.1,2,3 pcl occupies 1.3% of primary cardiac tumors and ...	primary cardiac lymphoma ( pcl ) is an extremely rare and fatal neoplasm of the heart . traditionally , it is defined as lymphoma involving the heart or pericardium . pcl has a poor prognosis because of the diagnostic difficulty and its location . we present the case of a 48-year - old man who presented with peri...
it is composed of several mullerian type lesions like endometriosis , endocervicosis and endosalpingiosis occurring together . a 32 year old lady presented with complaints of dysuria and burning micturition during menstrual cycles . abdominal examination and per speculum examination was normal . cystoscopy showed a...	mullerianosis of the urinary bladder is a rare and morphologically complex tumor - like lesion , composed of several types of mullerian lesions like endometriosis , endocervicosis , and endosalpingiosis . this disease occurs in women of reproductive age group . implantative and metaplastic origins have been suggest...
the prototypical member of the pif1 family of helicases is the saccharomyces cerevisiae pif1 ( scpif1 ) protein , which was initially isolated in a genetic screen for mutations affecting mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) recombination ( reviewed in bochman et al . , it was later discovered that scpif1 is a superfamily ib h...	pif1 family helicases , which are found in nearly all eukaryotes , have important roles in both nuclear and mitochondrial genome maintenance . recently , the increasing availability of genome sequences has revealed that pif1 helicases are also widely found in diverse prokaryotes , but it is currently unknown what phy...
benzene ( c6h6 , cas number 71 - 43 - 2 ) is an aromatic hydrocarbon widely used as a solvent in chemical laboratories and as an intermediate in the chemical industry for manufacturing of polymers and other products . benzene in air comes either from natural sources , such as forest fires and volcanic activity , or f...	this paper presents a literature review on benzene in foods , including toxicological aspects , occurrence , formation mechanisms , and mitigation measures and analyzes data reporting benzene levels in foods . benzene is recognized by the iarc ( international agency for research on cancer ) as carcinogenic to humans ...
in a recent issue of the british journal of anaesthesia , moloney and griffiths reviewed basic issues surrounding the ongoing debate on ventilator induced / associated lung injury ( vili ) and the implications for patient care . the potential importance of vili / biotrauma is not only that it can aggravate ongoing ...	in a recent issue of the british journal of anaesthesia , moloney and griffiths reviewed clinically pertinent issues surrounding the management of the acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) patient , particularly as it pertains to the treatment of ventilator induced / associated lung injury ( vili ) . in additi...
the lij diabetes nurse champion ( dnc ) program was designed in 2010 to address the growing number of patients requiring inpatient diabetes education and the training needs of bedside nurses who are increasingly called on to educate these patients . both the american diabetes association and the joint commission have i...	in briefthis article describes a diabetes champion program in its fifth year of operation . this educational intervention was designed to increase direct diabetes patient education and has grown into a vehicle for improving quality of care and patient safety and reducing gaps in the transitions of care .
bodybuilding is the use of progressive resistance exercise , and it involves drastic reductions in body fat while maintaining muscle mass . there is a tendency to think that there is a magic powder or supplement that will give you the physique of your dreams , but there is no substitute for hard work , commitment , a...	bodybuilding is the use of progressive resistance exercise to control and develop one 's musculature . with the rise in number of persons adopting this activity , there is evolving paradigm of illnesses presented to intensive care in this population subset . strict adherence to details of bodybuilding and avoidance o...
	high levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin ( tcdd ; up to 208 pg / g fat ) were measured in samples of breast milk collected in 1997 from 64 donors [ 41 first - time mothers ( primiparae ) ] living on state farms in southern kazakhstan . tcdd was the major contributor ( 70% ) to the toxic equivalents , ma...
1 . analysis of tumor cases over eight years among the samples for which the department of veterinary pathology , gifu university , received requests for histological examination from other institutions during the eight - year period from 2005 to 2012 , we used data only from the institutions located in gifu prefec...	we analyzed the status of tumor development in dogs by breed based on tumor cases that presented to the department of veterinary pathology of the gifu university for diagnostic examinations over eight years ( 20052012 ) . we also calculated the crude incidence of tumors in dogs by breed based on the results of ...
rubella , also known as german measles or 3-day measles , is a contagious viral infection caused by rubella virus , an enveloped positive - stranded ribonucleic acid virus that is a member of the family togaviridae,1 genus rubivirus.2 the virus causes a mild rash - like disease that is associated with low - grade fever...	backgroundrubella is a contagious viral infection that in pregnant women leads to the infection of a developing fetus , causing fetal death or congenital rubella syndrome.objectivepregnant women are not routinely screened for rubella in nigeria . epidemiological data on rubella is therefore necessary to create awaren...
laser - assisted in situ keratomileusis ( lasik ) is the most popular refractive surgical procedure for the correction of myopia , hyperopia , and astigmatism.1 the procedure is fast , with painless recovery of vision and lack of subepithelial haze , which are mainly due to the creation of a corneal flap with a microke...	purposethis study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and consistency of corneal flap thickness in laser - assisted in situ keratomileusis ( lasik ) with the moria m2 single - use head 90 microkeratome.methodsthe central corneal thickness of 72 ( 37 right , 35 left ) eyes of 37 patients was measured by ultrasonic pachymetry...
currently for super - obese individuals , bariatric surgery is the only evidence - based approach that results in clinically significant and sustainable weight loss . with the increasing prevalence of obesity , there is an increased demand for bariatric surgery . subsequently , a large number of patients shall be pre...	the prevalence of bariatric surgery is increasing worldwide and as a direct consequence , there shall be an increasing number of patients presenting with the complications of bariatric surgery , often to non - specialist units . the authors report a case of a 42-year - old caucasian female who had previous laparoscop...
human african trypanosomiasis ( hat ) or african sleeping sickness is a serious life threatening disease . around 60 million people in 36 african countries are currently in constant threat of infection . although the reported number of cases has dropped over recent years , the actual number of unreported case...	glycogen synthase kinase 3 ( gsk3 ) is a genetically validated drug target for human african trypanosomiasis ( hat ) , also called african sleeping sickness . we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of aminopyrazole derivatives as trypanosoma brucei gsk3 short inhibitors . low nanomolar inhibitors...
for in utero electroporation , timed pregnant e13.5 cd1 mice were used ( the morning of the vaginal plug was e0.5 ) . one l of purified dna ( 1 - 2g/l ) mixed with 0.005% fast green was injected in utero into the lateral ventricle and electroporated into the neocortical ventricular zone according to published protoco...	the tumour suppressor pten can inhibit proliferation and migration as well as control cell growth in different cell types1 . pten functions predominately as a lipid phsophatase , converting pi(3,4,5)p3 to pi(4,5)p2 , thereby antagonizing pi3k ( phosphoinositide 3-kinase ) and its established downstream effector pathw...
otitis media ( om ) is prevalent in infants , especially those 6 - 18 months old . the disease itself can be classified into three types : acute om , om with effusion ( ome ) , and chronic om ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) . typically , otoscopy is used to assess the condition of the tympanic membrane ( tm ) surface or its mobil...	we report the application of optical coherence tomography ( oct ) to the diagnosis and evaluation of otitis media ( om ) . whereas conventional diagnostic modalities for om , including standard and pneumatic otoscopy , are limited to visualizing the surface of the tympanic membrane ( tm ) , oct effectively reveals the ...
neoplasms are rare findings in pregnant women . only several cases of kidney tumors in pregnancy were described in polish medical literature [ 14 ] and approximately 200 in the world . here a 25year old 16week gravida ( second pregnancy , second birth ) was admitted to the gynecological ward because of acute right l...	neoplasms are rare in pregnant women , however they are always a challenging diagnostic and curative problem . we present a case of a benign kidney tumor ( angiomyolipoma ) imitating nephroblastoma on magnetic resonance diagnosed in pregnancy . cesarean section was performed in 29 . gestotic week followed immedia...
the human liposarcoma cell line lisa-2 ( 21 ) was used as a cellular model of visceral human adipocytes and was maintained in dulbeccos modified eagles medium ( dmem ) supplemented with 10% fetal serum and antibiotics , at 37c and 5% co2 . to induce insulin resistance , human adipocytes were cultured for 21 days in ser...	objectiveinsulin resistance is associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders as type 2 diabetes and obesity . given the emerging role of signal transduction in these syndromes , we set out to explore the possible role that g protein coupled receptor kinase 2 ( grk2 ) , first identified as a g protein coup...
elevated resting heart rate ( rhr ) has been associated with increased risk of all - cause mortality and cardiovascular ( cv ) events in healthy subjects as well as those with preexisting cv disease ( cvd ) including hypertension , acute myocardial infarction , and heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction by numer...	elevated resting heart rate ( rhr ) has been associated with increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events . limited data are available so far in type 2 diabetic ( t2 dm ) subjects with no study focusing on progressive renal decline specifically . aims of our study were to verify rhr as a simple and reliabl...
who has defined low birth weight ( lbw ) as birth weight ( bw ) less than 2500 g at birth which is a global public health concern . about one half of the world 's low birth weight ( lbw ) babies are born in south asia and bangladesh has the highest incidence ( 3147% ) [ 1 , 2 ] . bw is an important predictor of in...	background . low birth weight ( lbw ) , an outcome of maternal undernutrition , is a major public health concern in bangladesh where the problem is most prominent . women 's decision - making autonomy is likely an important factor influencing maternal and child health outcomes . the aim of the study was to assess t...
treatment planning is challenging because the accumulated experience of any particular individual or institution in managing this tumour is rather limited . this problem is further compounded by the absence of a universally accepted tumour staging system , making treatment outcome comparison difficult . it is now k...	abstractcarcinoma of the external auditory canal presents a challenge in management , largely due to limited experience in treating this rare disease and the lack of a universally accepted staging system . prognosis is most dependent on the extent of local disease at presentation , while resection margin status is al...
the cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( cpr ) as a therapeutic intervention is performed for patients with cardiac and/or respiratory arrest . the success of this intervention is generally measured through the improvement of the patients ' survival rate to hospital discharge . the evidence suggests the low success rate...	background : one dilemma in the end - of - life care is making decisions for conducting cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( cpr ) . this dilemma is perceived in different ways due to the influence of culture and religion . this study aimed to understand the experiences of cpr team members about the do - not - resuscita...
out - of - hospital cardiac arrest ( ohca ) in developed communities occurs more commonly and is a leading cause of death [ 1 , 2 ] . recently , chan et al . reported a survival rate of 8.6 % in the united states . in the netherlands , reported survival rates are much higher , from 9 % even up to 43 % [ 4 , 5 ] . ...	aimthe current outcome of out - of - hospital cardiac arrest ( ohca ) patients in the maastricht region was analysed with the prospect of implementing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( e - cpr).methodsa retrospective analysis of adult patients who were resuscitated for ohca during a 24-month period was per...
oxalate decarboxylase ( oxdc ) catalyzes the mn - dependent conversion of oxalate monoanion into co2 and formate . although the enzyme appears to be found in many fungi and some bacteria , its biological function remains poorly understood . it has been shown , however , that oxdc is a constituent protein of...	oxalate decarboxylase ( oxdc ) catalyzes the mn - dependent conversion of the oxalate monoanion into co2 and formate . epr - based strategies for investigating the catalytic mechanism of decarboxylation are complicated by the difficulty of assigning the signals associated with the two mn(ii ) centers locate...
	-synuclein ( s ) is an intrinsically disordered protein that is water - soluble but also can bind negatively charged lipid membranes while adopting an -helical conformation . membrane affinity is increased by post - translational n - terminal acetylation , a common modification in all eukaryotic cells . in ...
a 33-year - old female was evaluated as part of an assessment for a 10-day pyrexia of unknown origin ( puo ) . she had undergone a successful renal transplant three years earlier and was on systemic immunosuppressants ( cyclosporine and oral prednisolone ) to prevent an organ rejection . systemically she was febril...	chronic renal failure is a common sequel of renal inflammatory disease or diabetes mellitus . as a result of the immunosuppression that is induced by uremia , hemodialysis or posttransplant immunosuppressive medication , these patients are at a higher risk of opportunistic infections . various viral , bacterial and m...
developmental dysplasia of the hip ( ddh ) is a dynamic disease which can present in different forms at different ages and evolves over time , potentially capable of getting better or worse as the child develops.1 the disease can be managed and can be less harmful if diagnosed and treated early . diagnosis , however ...	background : ultrasonography is accepted as a useful imaging modality in the early detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip ( ddh ) . early detection and early treatment of ddh prevents hip dislocation and related physical , social , economic , and psychological problems . the purpose of this study was to ev...
vilmann , a gastroenterologist and leader in the field of esophageal ultrasound ( eus ) , who did some of the pioneering work on esophageal access of mediastinal structures for the diagnosis and staging of thoracic diseases , stated : but how can we proceed to implement eus - fna as a routine procedure in respiratory ...	background and study aims : one can approach mediastinal pathology via esophageal ultrasound ( eus ) and/or endobronchial ultrasound ( ebus ) . it has been suggested that eus is better tolerated by patients . if so , eus might be the procedure of choice when suspect lesions are accessible via eus . we studied pro...
disability evaluation typically requires an assessment of the activities of daily life ( adl ) and instrumental adl ( i - adl ) . in japan , a physical disability certificate is based on the patient 's adl and i - adl grades . the independent adl scale , which is widely considered within the field of rehabilitation...	to examine the current state and social ramifications of disability evaluation in japan , public data from annual reports on health and welfare 1998 - 1999 were investigated . all data were analyzed based on the classification of disabilities and the effects of age - appropriate welfare services , which have been dev...
to provide guidance for medical geneticists and other physicians regarding genetic evaluation of pathologic short stature . the purpose of genetic evaluation of short stature is to provide an accurate diagnosis and to provide information to the patient and family regarding natural history , prognosis , available trea...	short stature is a common indication for genetic evaluation . the differential diagnosis is broad and includes both pathologic causes of short stature and nonpathologic causes . the purpose of genetic evaluation for short stature is to provide accurate diagnosis for medical management and to provide prognosis and r...
ordered self - assembly of nanoscale building blocks , such as nanoparticles , nanorods , nanoribbons , and so forth , into complex architectures has recently become a hot topic in material research fields . remarkable progress has been made in the self - assembly of highly organized building blocks of metals [ 1 - 4...	three - dimensional ( 3d ) flower - like hierarchical-ni(oh)2hollow architectures were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route . the as - obtained products were well characterized by xrd , sem , tem ( hrtem ) , saed , and dsc - tga . it was shown that the 3d flower - like hierarchical-ni(oh)2hollow architectures...
the most serious complication of endoscopic papillectomy ( ep ) for ampullary adenoma is postprocedure severe pancreatitis . many studies suggest that the prophylactic placement of a pancreatic duct ( pd ) stent after ep reduces the risk of pancreatitis.1,2 however , proximal migration of the pd stent occurs at a rat...	with the increasing use of pancreatic duct ( pd ) stents after endoscopic papillectomy ( ep ) , complications such as proximal migration of the stent have become increasingly prevalent . a pd stent that migrates within a nondilated pd may be difficult to remove endoscopically . we performed endoscopic retrieval of ...
glutamate and -aminobutyrate ( gaba ) are the two major amino acid transmitters in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum , glutamate being responsible for excitatory and gaba for inhibitory transmission . in these higher brain regions glycine was earlier assumed to be only an obligatory cotransmitter in the excitatory n...	ischemia enhanced release of endogenous neuroactive amino acids from cerebellar and cerebral cortical slices . more glutamate was released in adult than developing mice . taurine release enhanced by k+ stimulation and ischemia was more than one magnitude greater than that of gaba or glutamate in the developing cerebr...
therefore finding of new and effective antimicrobial agents derived from new resources for such resistant bacteria is of an over riding importance . nowadays , scientists and clinicians are looking for more efficient drugs , derived from natural and herbal resources , against microbial and viral infections ( 1 ) . ...	because of its resistance to antibiotics , staphylococcus aureus causes many of problems in hospital and society . as one of the main reasons of clinical infections it can cause to serious surgical and cutaneous infections and pneumonia . the inhibitory effect of the essential oils include ; eucalyptus largiflorenc...
malignant hyperthermia ( mh ) is an autosomally inherited , potentially lethal myopathy with a heterogeneous etiology that is usually triggered by volatile anesthetics and depolarizing muscle relaxants . it is widely accepted that susceptibility to mh is caused by abnormal ca metabolism within the skeletal - muscle f...	background . theophylline was shown to induce contracture development in porcine malignant hyperthermia ( mh ) susceptible ( mhs ) skeletal muscles in vitro . the purpose of the current study was to investigate the in vivo effects of theophylline in mhs and mh normal ( mhn ) swine . methods . mh - trigger - fre...
atherosclerosis and osteoporosis share an age - independent bidirectional correlation [ 1 , 2 ] , although they were considered to be independent pathologies . on one hand , low bone mass is associated with subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis , manifested as cardiovascular morbidity [ 4 , 5 ] and mortality . o...	introduction . atherosclerosis and osteoporosis share an age - independent bidirectional correlation . rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) represents a risk factor for both conditions . objectives . the study aims to evaluate the connection between the estimated cardiovascular risk ( cvr ) and the loss of bone tissue in ...
pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram - negative , aerobic bacterium found in water and soil . it is a normal flora of the skin and gastrointestinal tract of human beings ( 1 , 2 ) . this bacterium as an opportunistic pathogen is one of the most important microorganisms in nosocomial infections in immune - compromised p...	background and objectives : pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram - negative , aerobic bacterium found in water and soil . it is a normal flora in skin and gastrointestinal tract of human beings . p. aeruginosa as an opportunistic pathogen involved in nosocomial infections having multiple pathogenic factors and shows hi...
goiter prevalence in school - age children is an important indicator of iodine deficiency disorders in a population . several studies [ 24 ] have shown that thyroid volume measured by ultrasound is the preferred indicator in epidemiological studies and monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders . nevertheless , thyroi...	objective . thyroid volume measured by ultrasound to define goiter needs reliable local thyroid volume reference from iodine - sufficient populations . the aim of this study is to explore the reference interval for normal thyroid volume in schoolchildren aged 810 years from zhejiang province , china . methods . a p...
graves disease and hashimoto s thyroiditis are two common auto - immune diseases of thyroid gland . hashimoto s thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is the most common cause of goiter in regions with no iodine deficiency . in this disease graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism . due ...	objective : graves disease and hashimoto s thyroiditis are the most common causes of hyper and hypothyroidism , respectively . differentiation of these 2 diseases , if the patient is euthyroid , may sometimes be extremely difficult on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings . the purpose of this study was to de...
the development of multicellular systems requires that multipotent progenitors differentiate into specialized lineage - restricted daughter cells . the adoption of a particular cell fate by multipotent cells is orchestrated by networks of transcription factors , which act to coordinate changes in gene expression comm...	summarythe mechanisms underlying the silencing of alternative fate potentials in very early b cell precursors remain unclear . using gain- and loss - of - function approaches together with a synthetic zinc - finger polypeptide ( 6zfp ) engineered to prevent transcription factor binding to a defined cis element , we s...
eligible patients were at least 18 years of age , had been diagnosed with adult ra ( controlled or uncontrolled ) , and had been treated with methotrexate for 3 months or longer before enrollment . women of childbearing potential were included only if they had negative pregnancy tests at screening and day of treatmen...	backgrounda methotrexate autoinjector ( mtxai ) was developed for self - administration of subcutaneous ( sc ) methotrexate by patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) . the mtxai circumvents the need for vials , needles , and syringes and may therefore improve dosing accuracy , handling risks , and patient adherenc...
kshv - gpcrs were expressed in cos-1 and nih 3t3 cells by transfection with pckshv - gpcr ( 6 ) or pcefl - kshv - gpcr ( 7 ) using the protocols described previously . the c - x - c chemokines huip-10 and humig , the mouse homologues muip-10 and mumig , and the huip-10 analogues were chemically synthesized using ...	a g protein coupled receptor ( gpcr ) is encoded within the genome of kaposi 's sarcoma associated herpesvirus ( kshv)/human herpesvirus 8 , a virus that may be involved in the pathogenesis of kaposi 's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphomas . kshv - gpcr exhibits constitutive signaling activity that causes oncogeni...
malaria is a threat both to pregnant women and their babies , with about 200,000 newborn deaths each year as a result of malaria in pregnancy . in sub - saharan africa , about 25 million pregnant women are at risk of malaria annually , and one in every four women has evidence of placental infection at the time of del...	background : this study was conducted to assess the level of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy ( iptp ) in rivers state , nigeria , to identify obstacles prohibiting utilization in order to make recommendations for improved uptake and malaria control in general.methods:a cross - sectional study ...
protein - energy malnutrition ( pem ) remains a major public health problem in the world , particularly in developing countries . according to the world health organization ( who ) , pem affects one - third of children around the world , and 43% of children in developing countries ( 230 million ) , presenti...	objective . to investigate the relationship between igf - i and the nutritional status of west - african children hospitalised for nutritional rehabilitation . patients and methods . a cohort study was performed in two centres for nutritional rehabilitation and education ( cren ) in burkina faso . children were f...
apoptosis , also known as programmed cell death , allows controlled removal of aged , damaged , infected or unwanted cells , maintaining homeostasis in multicellular organisms . this process would be functionally ineffective without clearance of resulting apoptotic corpses , as without disposal , they would progress ...	apoptosis is an important cell death mechanism by which multicellular organisms remove unwanted cells . it culminates in a rapid , controlled removal of cell corpses by neighboring or recruited viable cells . whilst many of the molecular mechanisms that mediate corpse clearance are components of the innate immune s...
spontaneous necrosis or regression of malignant tumors has been reported mainly in neuroblastoma , renal cell carcinoma , malignant melanoma , malignant lymphoma and leukemia . it is a rare event occurring with a rate of 1 in 60,000100,000 tumors and has also been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) . in 1...	we herein present the case of a 77-year - old man who had fever and right hypochondriac pain . he visited his doctor and underwent contrast computed tomography ( ct ) , and he was suspected to have a liver abscess . he received an antibiotic treatment and his symptoms soon disappeared , but the tumor did not get sm...
a 75-year - old female presented to the chest clinic of our hospital with a history of a cough with mucoid expectoration , episodic dyspnea with wheeze of 1 month duration . she did not have any symptoms of chest pain , hemoptysis , recurrent fever , weight loss , reflux , or symptoms of postnasal drip . she did no...	although diaphragmatic anomalies such as an eventration and hiatus hernia are commonly encountered in incidental chest x - ray imaging , the presence of concomitant multiple anomalies is extremely rare . this is all the more true in adults . herein , we present the case of a 75-year - old female , while undergoing ...

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