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flow cytometry is a laser - based technology developed for the analysis of multiple physical and fluorescent parameters in cell populations .
this technology works as suspended cells in a stream of fluid encounter a laser , exciting fluorescent markers on or within the cells .
while flow cytometry has traditionally... | during a proper immune response , quiescent t cells become activated upon antigen presentation to their antigen - specific t cell receptor .
this leads to clonal proliferation of only those t cells that bear a receptor that recognizes the antigen .
chromatin decondensation is a hallmark of t cell activation and is ... |
edible bivalve molluscs may constitute a risk to food safety because , as filtering organisms , they are potential receptacles of pathogens , toxins and contaminants ( huss et al . , 2000 ) , so that classifying and monitoring fishery waters ( latini , 2010 ) and the molluscs themselves is fundamental to ensure food sa... | the area vasta di fermo ( the competent health authority of the marche region ) , in collaboration with the local producers association conducted a series of studies on the presence of e. coli as an indicator of faecal contamination in the environment , in shellfish and in fishery waters , and on the factors that can a... |
a major challenge in the successful replantation / revascularization of an avulsed scalp is positioning of the patient 's head during and after the operation , because :
possibility of shearing between scalp and skull when the head is moved / rotated intra - operatively , leading to tearing of anastomosed vessels ; a... | we present a new technique for stabilizing an avulsed scalp during and after replantation / revascularization .
we used an aluminium halo frame with 4 screws .
this technique can rigidly stabilize an avulsed scalp and eliminate the possibility of shearing / pressure necrosis .
this device can make perioperative... |
the technique described provides extracorporeal control of one limb of the suture and has the advantage of continuous tension application on both ends of the thread during knot formation .
it is easy to learn , fast to perform , and no new equipment is used .
the needle end is advanced through the trocar , and the ... | accurate placing of securely tied knots in laparoscopic surgery is technically demanding and time consuming .
surgeons must face difficulties arising from 2-dimensional vision , spatial limitations , and restricted movement .
issues to be taken into account include security , virtuosity , and cost effectiveness .
... |
they are formed as earlier indicated as a result of aggregation of three or more molecules of surfactant existing in a particular liquid medium in thermodynamically stable equilibrium that create highly anisotropic interfacial region lining the boundary formed by polar aqueous and nonpolar hydrocarbon regions , impacti... | the oxidation of ethylene glycol by periodate ( io4 ) was studied in different micellar aggregates of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ( ctabr ) and dodecylamine ( da ) by means of uv / vis spectroscopy .
the observed constant ko was obtained by monitoring the disappearing of ethylene glycol with time at a suitable wav... |
united states committee on quality of health published a report in 1999 by the title of to err is human in which medical errors were mentioned as an epidemic problem leading to almost 44,000 - 98,000 deaths annually .
this report was remarkable for who eventually leading to an announcement prioritizing patient safe... | background : increasing number of reports on medication errors and relevant subsequent damages , especially in medical centers has become a growing concern for patient safety in recent decades .
patient safety and in particular , medication safety is a major concern and challenge for health care professionals around ... |
the children prospectively observed in this study participate in the norwegian cohort entitled environmental triggers of type 1 diabetes : the midia study .
the cohort was identified at birth from the general population based on genetic testing for the hla genotype conferring the highest genetic risk of type 1 diabe... | objectiveto test whether the frequency of human enterovirus rna in fecal samples collected monthly from early infancy was associated with development of multiple islet autoantibodies in children with the highest risk hla genotype.research design and methodsindividuals carrying the hla drb1 * 0401-dqa1 * 03-dqb1 * 0302/... |
let g be a graph with vertex set v(g ) and edge set e(g ) .
the number of vertices of a graph g is the order of g and is denoted by n. on the other hand , the number of edges of g is the size of g and is denoted by e. we denote the degree of vertex v in g by dg(v ) . for two subsets s , tv(g ) , let eg(s , t ) denote... | let k , m , and r be three integers such that 2kmr .
let g be a 2r - regular , 2m - edge - connected graph of odd order .
we obtain some sufficient conditions for gv to contain a k - factor for all vv(g ) . |
because of an increased detection rate of small renal masses ( 4 cm or less ) , partial nephrectomy ( pn ) as a nephron - sparing surgery ( nss ) has been conducted in a number of centers as the gold standard of care . in cautiously selected patients with tumor sizes of < 7 cm , pn can be considered feasible with super... | purposeto report the initial clinical outcomes of the newly devised sliding loop technique ( slt ) used for renorrhaphy in patients who underwent robot - assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy ( ralpn ) for small renal mass.materials and methodswe reviewed the surgical videos and medical charts of 31 patients who ha... |
ridi was set up in 1997 to coordinate registries for the incidence of type 1 diabetes in italy ( 17 ) .
all registries reported newly diagnosed cases of childhood type 1 diabetes using a special form , which includes each patient 's personal identification number , date of birth , sex , date of diagnosis ( defined as... | objectiveto investigate age - period - cohort effects on the temporal trend of type 1 diabetes in children age 014 years in italian registries.research design and methodsthis report is based on 5,180 incident cases in the period 19902003 from the registry for type 1 diabetes mellitus in italy ( ridi ) .
multilevel ( ... |
clostridium difficile , a gram - positive , spore forming , and toxin - producing anaerobic rod bacterium , is the leading cause of hospital- and community - acquired antibiotic - associated diarrhea ( aad ) in the western world.1,2
c. difficile infection ( cdi ) is a growing worldwide health problem associated with ... | introductionclostridium difficile infection ( cdi ) is the leading cause of antibiotic - associated diarrhea .
cdi has increased in incidence and severity over the past decade , and is a growing worldwide health problem associated with substantial health care costs and significant morbidity and mortality .
this met... |
this retrospective study included 112 eyes of 83 consecutive patients with mature cataracts who all had extracapsular cataract extraction with scoli between may and december 2008 .
all surgeries were performed using topical anesthesia ( proparacaine hydrochloride , 4 times in 15 min before surgery ) by a single exper... | aims : to report the technique and outcomes of sutureless manual cataract extraction via a subconjunctival limbus oblique incision for mature cataracts.materials and methods : this retrospective study comprised of 112 eyes of 83 patients with mature cataract who all had manual cataract extraction via a subconjunctival ... |
micrornas ( mirnas ) are small ( 2123 nt ) non - coding rnas that are important regulators of gene expression .
they act by base pairing with partially complementary sites in the mrna of their targets , and either inhibit translation into protein or decrease the stability of the transcript ( 1,2 ) .
the number of c... | micrornas ( mirnas ) constitute a recently discovered class of small non - coding rnas that regulate expression of target genes either by decreasing the stability of the target mrna or by translational inhibition .
they are involved in diverse processes , including cellular differentiation , proliferation and apoptos... |
after obtaining approval from the ethical committees of the forsyth institute and harvard school of dental medicine ( hsdm , boston , ma , usa ) , both healthy and inflamed gingival tissue samples were collected in the periodontology department laboratories at hsdm .
healthy gingival tissue was characterized by the l... | backgroundil-32 was recently found to be elevated in the tissue of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease .
periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by polymicrobial infections that result in soft tissue destruction and alveolar bone loss .
although il-32 is also thought to be associated ... |
joint contracture causes functional disturbances in patients activities of daily living ,
decreased movement ability , and impairs the joint function , with high incidence1 , 2 .
therefore , preventing the development of joint contracture is a key goal of physical
therapists and rehabilitation specialists .
unf... | [ purpose ] the purpose of our study was to clarify temporal effects on restrictions to
range of motion and the histopathological changes of joint components after joint
immobilization in a rat knee - contracture model .
[ subjects ] fifty - four male wistar rats
were randomly divided into two groups : a fixati... |
the study used data from the cross - sectional population - based 1998 singapore national health survey ( nhs98 ; n = 4,723 ) .
genotype data were available for 3,734 subjects comprising 2,520 chinese , 693 malay , and 521 asian indians .
a total of 1,881 chinese subjects with normal glucose tolerance ( ngt ) had p... | objectivethe potassium voltage - gated channel , kqt - like subfamily , member 1 ( kcnq1 ) has been found through a genome - wide association study to be a strong candidate for conferring susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in east asian and european populations .
our objective was to describe the association between p... |
iran is home to one of the world s oldest civilizations in southern and western asia .
the 18th - largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km , iran has a population of around 79 million . while the publication of scientific results is the main aim of research activity , scientometric methods ( the ... | objectives : scientometric methods and the resulting citations have been applied to investigate the scientific performance of a nation .
the present study was designed to collect the statistical information of dental articles by iranian authors published in pubmed.materials and methods : we searched the pubmed databa... |
pharmacopuncture is a new acupuncture therapy based on a combination of meridian theory and herbal pharmacology . in pharmacopuncture , by injecting the extracts of herbs at acupuncture points , doctors gain a synergism of positive effects , i.e. , a physical stimulation due acupuncture and a chemical effect due to the... | objectives : this study was conducted to analyze the single - dose toxicity and the safety of mahwangcheonoh pharmacopuncture extracts.methods:six-week-old sprague - dawley rats were used for this study .
doses of mahwangcheonoh pharmacopuncture extracts were set at 0.25 ml ( low - dose ) , 0.5 ml ( medium - dose ) a... |
congenital pericardial defects ( cpds ) are uncommon anomalies that are usually discovered unexpectedly by a cardiologist , radiologist , or surgeon .
occasionally , these defects may cause symptoms such as chest pain , dyspnea , arrhythmias , syncope , and even sudden death .
arrhythmias , including atrial fibrill... | congenital pericardial defects ( cpds ) are infrequent anomalies that are usually asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during unrelated interventions .
here we report the case of a cpd with herniation of an enlarged left atrial appendage identified during total thoracoscopic ablation ( tta ) for persistent at... |
hypertension ( ht ) is not an adult disease anymore ; it is a silent disease that is generally asymptomatic in childhood and adolescent period .
it plays the important pathophysiological role in the development of the reduction in baroreflex sensitivity and retinal alteration .
hypertension studies in children and ... | background : since the data of primary hypertension ( ht ) in children is scanty in india , this study attempted to evaluate ht by a multidimensional investigation of the various risk factors in children and adolescents.materials and methods : a total of 3906 subjects were recruited , all of whom lived in chennai , an ... |
artificial insemination by donor ( aid ) is a reproductive medical procedure for infertile couples that entails insertion of a fine catheter directly into the uterus to deposit a sperm sample from a donor with the aim of achieving pregnancy .
aid is used primarily in male spouses with incurable nonobstructive azoospe... | purposeinfertile couples interested in nonspouse artificial insemination by donor ( aid ) not only require a thorough understanding of the medical procedure but also must scrutinize the effects it will have on family relationships , including those on the infant to be born .
we conducted a series of surveys in couple... |
brugada syndrome ( bs ) was first described in 1992 as a new autosomal dominantly inherited channelopathy caused by a defective gene located on chromosome 3 in a structurally normal heart .
it is characterized by st - segment elevation in the right precordial leads and increases susceptibility to ventricular tachyarr... | brugada syndrome is an autosomal dominantly inherited channelopathy estimated to be responsible for 412% of all sudden deaths , particularly among middle - aged men .
it is characterized by st - segment elevation in the right precordial leads , in the absence of acute coronary syndrome .
this report discuses a pati... |
patients with end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) , including those who are on peritoneal dialysis ( pd ) , are at much higher risk for mortality than the general population .
several factors such as age , comorbidities including diabetes and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) , malnutrition / hypoalbuminemia , reduced re... | we undertook this study to elucidate whether baseline peritoneal membrane transport characteristics are associated with high mortality in incident automated peritoneal dialysis ( apd ) patients .
this retrospective study includes 117 patients who started apd at yonsei university health system from 1996 to 2008 and ha... |
dry tap during sub - arachnoid block ( sab ) is a rare but troublesome incidence .
the problem sometimes becomes difficult to solve or what to do next , kind of , due to its rare occurrence and sparse reporting .
the annual incidence of spinal epidural abscess is 2.53 per 10,000 hospital admissions in the united s... | we report a case of dry tap during spinal anaesthesia in a patient posted for incision and drainage of lower limb with cellulitis . when the patient was being given sub - arachnoid block ( sab ) for regional anaesthesia , it turned out to be a case of pyogenic ilio - psoas abscess extended up to the paravertebral and... |
bacterial strains and growth conditions - c. diphtheriae strains used
in this study and their characteristics are listed in table i. these microorganisms were maintained in trypticase soy broth ( tsb )
( bd difco , usa ) at 37c and stored in the same medium with 20% glycerol .
escherichia coli top10 electrocomp (... | corynebacterium diphtheriae , the aetiologic agent of diphtheria ,
also represents a global medical challenge because of the existence of invasive
strains as causative agents of systemic infections .
although tellurite
( teo32- ) is toxic to most microorganisms , teo32 - -resistant
bacteria , including c. dip... |
guillain - barr syndrome ( gbs ) is the most common cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis .
the most frequent variants of gbs include acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy ( aidp ) and acute motor axonal neuropathy ( aman ) .
campylobacter jejuni infection precedes the onset of gbs in 26% of the ... | objective : antibodies to ganglioside gm1 are associated with guillain - barr syndrome ( gbs ) in patients with serologic evidence of a preceding infection with campylobacter jejuni . molecular mimicry between c. jejuni lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) and ganglioside gm1
has been proven to be the immunopathogenic mechanis... |
tuberculosis ( tb ) is one of the leading infectious diseases worldwide and is still a serious public health problem in many countries . world health organization ( who ) estimates that one - third of the population is infected with tb and the infection rate increases nearly 1% per year .
tb is relatively common in p... | tuberculosis continues to be a prevalent disease in the world and a global public health issue in many countries .
the disease is more complicated in pregnant women because it imperils unborn offspring and results in congenital tuberculosis later if undiagnosed and untreated .
congenital tuberculosis is rare entity... |
according to the recent united states ( us ) census bureau report , the older population ( 65 + years of age ) is projected to increase to 88.5 million by 2050 , which is more than double the population of elderly people ( 40.2 million ) in 2010 .
due to the surge in the aging population , the us health care system w... | background .
the growing geriatric population in the united states ( us ) has prompted better understanding of treatment of the elderly in the hospital and emergency room ( er ) settings .
this study examines factors influencing the disposition of psychogeriatric patients after their initial presentation in the er ... |
laparoscopic splenectomy was first reported by delaitre and maignien in 1991 and soon became a procedure adopted as golden standard for most indications for splenectomy for haematologic diseases .
advantages of laparoscopic splenectomy compared to the open procedure were demonstrated by many studies , including benef... | wolf - hirschhorn syndrome is a rare genetic condition characterized by typical facial appearance , growth delay , psychomotor retardation and seizures , with a mosaic of other abnormalities reported in the literature .
the occurrence of symptomatic wandering spleen with massive splenomegaly and with an indication fo... |
toxic epidermal necrolysis ( ten ) , also known as lyell 's syndrome , is a widespread life - threatening mucocutaneous disease where there is extensive detachment of the skin and mucous membrane characterized by full thickness necrosis of the epidermis .
patients initially develop pain , tenderness or a burning sens... | toxic epidermal necrolysis ( ten ) , also known as lyell 's syndrome , is a widespread life - threatening mucocutaneous disease where there is extensive detachment of the skin and mucous membrane .
many factors involved in the etiology of ten including adverse drug reactions .
here we are reporting a case of toxic ... |
easy fatigability is a problem commonly seen in modern society . among fatigue - related disorders , chronic fatigue syndrome ( cfs ) ,
which is defined by intractable physical and mental fatigue lasting more than 6 months with a number of accompanying symptoms , has been well investigated [ 2 , 3 ] . in adults ,... | in order to investigate the prevalence of physical , mental , and chronic fatigue syndrome-(cfs- ) related fatigue and its relation to lifestyle , 1,225 adolescents ( 591 males , 634 females ) aged 11 to 16 years were asked to complete a self - reported questionnaire on fatigue status and lifestyle in the past one mont... |
according to a recently released ' the korean diabetes research report 2012 ' by korean diabetes association , one out of ten adults has diabetes disease , two out of ten have the impaired fasting glucose which is stage of diabetes , and three out of ten adults are threatened by high blood glucose . in addition , the a... | in recent years , several studies have reported that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing every year , and also the acute and chronic complications accompanying this disease are increasing .
diabetic nephropathy is one of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus , and food intake which is burden to kid... |
the search for new drugs and protein reagents usually involves single organic molecules which attach to protein binding sites .
such studies are widely supported by computer - aided drug design tools [ 1 , 2 ] , however ongoing developments in supramolecular chemistry have directed the attention of researchers toward... | congo red dye as well as other eagerly self - assembling organic molecules which form rod - like or ribbon - like supramolecular structures in water solutions , appears to represent a new class of protein ligands with possible wide - ranging medical applications .
such molecules associate with proteins as integral cl... |
type 1 diabetes ( t1d ) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system is activated against the insulin producing -cells present in the pancreatic islets .
the elimination of these cells impairs the mechanisms that control the glucose blood level and , up to now , the possible and most efficacious treatment for ... | the nonobese diabetic ( nod ) mouse represents a well - established experimental model analogous to human type 1 diabetes mellitus ( t1d ) as it is characterized by progressive autoimmune destruction of pancreatic -cells .
experiments were designed to investigate the impact of moderate - intensity training on t1d imm... |
elderly patients are at risk for falls , secondary fractures , hospitalizations , and death following hip fracture surgery.17 accordingly , it would be valuable to be able to predict complications and mortality after rehabilitation in the elderly with hip fractures .
the norton scoring system is a well - known scale ... | backgroundin this study , we investigated if low admission norton scale scores ( anss ) are associated with falls , fractures , hospitalizations , and death , after rehabilitation in the elderly with hip fractures.methodsthis prospective historical study followed consecutive elderly patients ( 65 years ) who were admit... |
diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is a metabolic disorder affecting various organ systems including skin . chronic hyperglycemia resulting in production of advanced glycosylated end products ( age ) is responsible for most of the complications of diabetes .
as most of the dm - specific cutaneous disorders are related to the d... | background : the metabolic complications and pathologic changes that occur in diabetes mellitus ( dm ) influence the occurrence of various dermatoses.aim:to study the impact of control of diabetes on the pattern of cutaneous disorders.materials and methods : a cross - sectional descriptive study of patients attending d... |
one of the most attractive subjects in tissue engineering is the development of a scaffold , a three - dimensional porous solid structure that plays a key role in assisting tissue regeneration .
ideally , a scaffold must be porous , bioactive , and biodegradable and possess adequate mechanical properties suited to th... | scaffolds have been utilized in tissue regeneration to facilitate the formation and maturation of new tissues or organs where a balance between temporary mechanical support and mass transport ( degradation and cell growth ) is ideally achieved .
polymers have been widely chosen as tissue scaffolding material having a... |
the objective of this research was to estimate the unconfounded influence ( either singly or in combination ) of : ( a ) patient attributes ( age , gender , race , and socioeconomic status ) and ( b ) provider characteristics ( physician gender and years of clinical experience ) on medical decision making when provider... | backgroundhealth services research has documented the magnitude of health care variations .
few studies focus on provider level sources of variation in clinical decision making - for example , which primary care providers are likely to follow clinical guidelines , with which types of patient.objectivesto estimate : (... |
acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia ( afop ) was first described by beasley et al . in 2002 as a condition characterized by alveolar damage , eosinophilic pneumonia , and organizing pneumonia .
the features that distinguish it histologically are the presence of intra - alveolar fibrin balls , absence of usual hy... | acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia ( afop ) is a rare disease characterized by bilateral basilar infiltrates and histological findings of organizing pneumonia and intra - alveolar fibrin in the form of fibrin balls . here , we report a 43-year - old female with complaints of fever , dry cough , and shortness of... |
higher education in europe and in the balkan s countries is undergoing major reforms ( 1 - 3 ) .
goals of the higher education transformation in europe was determined by the bologna declaration ( signed in 1999 by ministries of 29 countries in europe ) and sorbonne declaration signed on may 25 , 1998 on harmonizing ... | higher education in europe and in the balkan s countries is undergoing major reforms .
the bologna process was a major reform created with the claimed goal of providing responses to issues such as the public responsibility for higher education and research , higher education governance , the social dimension of highe... |
high frequency of established coagulopathy ( 30% ) in multiply injured trauma patients has been reported , which accounts for up to 40% of all trauma - related deaths .
the standard laboratory screening tests of coagulation are the prothrombin time ( pt ) and activated partial thromboplastin time ( aptt ) , which can... | background . thromboelastography ( teg ) unlike conventional coagulation assays evaluates the dynamic interaction of clotting factors and platelets indicating an overall clot quality .
literature assessing the efficacy of teg in identifying trauma associated bleeding is lacking . aim . to compare teg with conventiona... |
the demand for having more esthetic teeth and restorations has led several studies to be done in the field of tooth bleaching and its effects on the properties of teeth and the quality of composite restorations.12 while altered surface texture , hardness , fracture toughness34 and increased surface roughness of enamel,... | background : bleaching the discoloured teeth may affect the tooth / composite interface .
the aim of this in vitro experimental study was to evaluate the effect of vital tooth bleaching on microleakage of existent class v composite resin restorations bonded with three dental bonding agents.methods:class v cavities we... |
cancer is a major social problem , and it is the main cause of death between the ages 4565 years . in the treatment of cancer ,
hadron therapy , thus , has great prospects for being used in early stages of tumor disease not amenable to surgery .
light particles are often used for radiation therapy because they have... | background : hadron therapy is a novel technique of cancer radiation therapy which employs charged particles beams , 1h and light ions in particular . due to their physical and radiobiological properties , they allow one to obtain a more conformal treatment , sparing better the healthy tissues located in proximity of t... |
protein - based therapeutics such as antibodies , blood derived products , and vaccines have been widely investigated in the past decade to treat a variety of disorders .
development of a nanoparticulate - based dosage form of these molecules is still considered as a major challenge by scientists in the drug delivery... | the objective of the present study is to formulate and characterize a nanoparticulate - based formulation of a macromolecule in a hydrophobic ion pairing ( hip ) complex form .
so far , hip complexation approach has been studied only for proteins with molecular weight of 1020 kda .
hence , we have selected bovine ... |
we focused on the geographic range of denvs in latin america and the caribbean , where dengue is widespread and expanding in range .
we attempted to identify areas contiguous with previously known dengue - endemic zones where new denv transmission is occurring by using reports of recent outbreaks .
known dengue - e... | dengue , a potentially fatal disease , is spreading around the world .
an estimated 2.5 billion people in tropical and subtropical regions are at risk .
early detection of outbreaks is crucial to prevention and control of dengue virus and other viruses .
case reporting may often take weeks or months .
therefore... |
melatonin , the main product of the pineal gland , is found in high concentrations in other body fluids and tissues [ 1 , 2 ] and possesses anti - inflammatory and antioxidant actions [ 36 ] .
we have evaluated the prophylactic as well as the therapeutic effect of melatonin in heatstroke rats under general anesth... | we report here that when untreated mice underwent heat stress , they displayed thermoregulatory deficit ( e.g. , animals display hypothermia during room temperature exposure ) , brain ( or hypothalamic ) inflammation , ischemia , oxidative damage , hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis impairment ( e.g. , decreased p... |
the goal of implantation of multifocal intraocular lenses ( miols ) is restoration of vision over a range of distances and reduction of spectacle dependence after cataract surgery .
miols generally provide vision at various distances by either concentric rings with different focusing powers ( refractive miols ) or di... | purpose . to report visual outcomes and patient satisfaction after unilateral or bilateral refractive lens exchange ( rle ) with a single - piece bifocal diffractive multifocal intraocular lens ( miol ) .
methods .
all patients underwent rle with the zmb00 miol ( abbott medical optics ) .
patient charts were revi... |
portal hypertension is the most common complication of chronic liver disease , leading to the development of ascites , portal - systemic encephalopathy , and gastroesophageal varices .
hemorrhage from gastroesophageal varices is among the most lethal complications of cirrhosis and portal hypertension .
esophageal v... | blood spurting or oozing from a varix confirms the diagnosis of variceal hemorrhage . in most cases of variceal hemorrhage , however , the bleeding has ceased by the time endoscopy is performed .
endoscopists rely on identification of stigmata of recent hemorrhage to determine whether varices are the cause of bleedin... |
arterial dissection is the second leading cause of stroke in patients younger than age 45 ( lisovoski and rousseaux , 1991 ) .
current endovascular recanalization approaches for acute stroke focus on either removal of the distal clot using either a retrieval device or aspiration , or displacement via angioplasty and/... | in the setting of an acute stroke caused by arterial dissection , navigating a microcatheter and microguidewire past the dissected artery to gain access to the distal thromboembolic lesion may exacerbate the underlying pathology .
we review a case report whereby successful recanalization of an acute carotid terminus ... |
pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma ( sh ) was first described by liebow and hubbell in 1956 ( 1 ) .
sh is thought to be a rare benign neoplasm , but it has uncertain histogenesis and biologic behavior .
sh comprises a mixture of four histologic patterns , such as papillary , sclerotic , solid and hemorrhagic .
sh co... | sclerosing hemangiomas ( sh ) of the lung are uncommon tumors and are thought to be benign .
however , the biologic behavior of this tumor has not yet been characterized adequately .
the clinicopathologic features were reviewed and analyzed for 16 cases of sh .
the age of the patients ranged from 37 to 73 yr ( me... |
microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses have several components called pathogen - associated molecular patterns ( pamps ) .
pattern recognition receptors ( prrs ) of host innate immune system such as tlrs can recognize these components during infections ( 1 , 2 ) .
toll - like receptor proteins are members of a... | background : flagellin is the main structural protein of the agella of many pathogens including salmonella typhimurium . it is a potent trigger of innate immune responses that enhance adaptive immune responses to a variety of protein antigens .
flagellin has intrinsic adjuvant activity mediated through toll - like re... |
hypertension is an important worldwide public health problem and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease , the leading cause of death and disability worldwide .
testing for hypertension is the most commonly performed screening test in medical practice and is important not least because individuals with a no... | the aim of this study is to systematically examine the proportion of accurate readings attained by automatic digital blood pressure ( bp ) devices in published validation studies .
we included studies of automatic digital bp devices using recognized protocols .
we summarized the data as mean and s.d .
of differen... |
before the 1970s , the majority of high - grade musculoskeletal tumors involving the distal femur were treated with transfemoral amputation owing to an unacceptably high rate of recurrence associated with local resection [ 10 , 19 , 31 , 47 ] .
as effective chemotherapeutic regimens were developed , limb salvage u... | backgroundadvocates of newer implant designs cite high rates of aseptic loosening and failure as reasons to abandon traditional cemented endoprosthetic reconstruction of the distal femur.questions/purposeswe asked whether newer , modular distal femoral components had improved survivorship compared with older , custom -... |
reversible posttranslational modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin - like proteins ( ubls ) plays a crucial role in dynamic regulation of protein function , fate , binding partners , activity , and localization .
small ubiquitin - related modifier ( sumo ) is a member of ubls family that is covalently attached to l... | small ubiquitin - related modifier ( sumo ) is involved in numerous cellular processes including protein localization , transcription , and cell cycle control .
sumoylation is a dynamic process , catalyzed by three sumo - specific enzymes and reversed by sentrin / sumo - specific proteases ( senps ) .
here we repor... |
lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer - related mortality in both men and women throughout the world .
it is also the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide with most of them at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis .
a 78-year - old male smoker patient diagnosed to have non - small cell lung cancer ( nscl... | detection of skeletal metastasis in patients with lung cancer is important from management point of view .
we report the bone scan finding in a patient with non - small cell lung carcinoma showing isolated abnormal tracer in femur and having a characteristic appearance in computed tomography , highlighting the import... |
traumatic intracranial pseudoaneurysm is a rare condition , accounting for less than 1% of all aneurysms.7 ) of these , post - traumatic vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm is not well known , because the incidence of isolated trauma to the vertebral artery is extremely low .
majidi et al.4 ) reported that incidence of v... | this case report describes a traumatic pseudoaneurysm arising from the right v4 segment of the vertebral artery , near the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery .
post - traumatic vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm is rare , but associated with a high mortality rate .
we report on an extremely rare case o... |
it is personal , highly transportable , and widely used , particularly in the western countries ( 1 , 2 ) .
however , text messaging coupled with specific management strategies has yet to be utilized effectively in developing countries with high prevalence of diabetes .
several studies showed that mobile phone migh... | background : mobile phone text messaging has rapidly become a socially popular form of communication .
several studies showed that mobile phone might offer a useful means of providing information between clinic visits and might increase adherence to diabetes therapy regimens.objectives:we conducted a study to evaluat... |
a review of epidemiologic studies demonstrates a prevalence of co - morbid depression in a range of 6%80% of copd patients , with an average among the majority of the strongest studies of approximately 40% .
this compares to a rate of 15% in the general population ( light et al 1985 ; van ede et al 1999 ; yohannes 20... | there is significant evidence supporting an increased prevalence of depression in patients with copd , but that depression is not a homogenous entity because there are multiple contributing etiologies for the depressive symptoms .
additionally the relationship between copd and depression is neither exclusively linear... |
water can be found everywhere in nature in each three states ( solid , liquid , and gaseous ) .
base of liquid dosage forms is almost exclusively water , but it can be found in half - solid dosage forms , such as hydrophilic ointments , as well . in the case of solid dosage forms
usually it is essential to keep the... | in this paper we give an overview about the interaction of water molecules with pharmaceutical excipients .
most of these excipients are amorphous or partially amorphous polymers and their characteristics are very sensitive to the water content . in the course of the manufacturing processes water sorption is possible... |
congenital dyserythropoietic anemias ( cdas ) are inherited disorders that result from anomalies during the final stages of erythropoiesis and consequently present defective production of red blood cells 1 .
cdas are characterized by chronic hyporegenerative anemia with inadequate reticulocyte count for the degree of... | key clinical messagecongenital dyserythropoietic anemias ( cdas ) are displayed by ineffective erythropoiesis .
the wide variety of phenotypes observed in cda patients makes differential diagnosis difficult ; identification of the genetic variants is crucial in clinical management .
we report the fifth case of a pa... |
the incidence of post - operative morbidity and mortality is higher in geriatric patients owing to the increased incidence of complications such as myocardial ischaemia ( mi ) , stroke , dementia , renal dysfunction , pulmonary embolism ( pe ) and other respiratory complications .
beta blocker usage , deep vein throm... | background and aims : several changes in the management protocols of anaesthesia for geriatric patients were introduced into clinical practice to improve the outcome .
very few studies have evaluated the impact of these management protocols .
the aim of our study was to evaluate impact of some of the changes in the... |
fish has been and will continue to be one of the major sources of animal protein for humans .
it will likely become more important as the population heads towards 8 billion in about 20 years as food production ( e.g. , growing of crops , breeding of domestic animals ) has and will continue to compete with other human... | salmonid cryptobiosis is caused by the haemoflagellate , cryptobia
salmositica .
clinical signs of the disease in salmon ( oncorhynchus
spp . ) include exophthalmia , general oedema , abdominal distension
with ascites , anaemia , and anorexia .
the disease - causing factor is
a metalloprotease and the monoc... |
the mucosal surfaces of our body are a primary component of our innate immune system and serve as a barrier against endogenous microflora as well as against external pathogens .
this barrier is made of polarized epithelial cells , specialized immune cells , and secreted mucus .
many pathogens have evolved strategie... | the lumenal surfaces of human body are lined by a monolayer of epithelia that together with mucus secreting cells and specialized immune cells form the mucosal barrier .
this barrier is one of the most fundamental components of the innate immune system , protecting organisms from the vast environmental microbiota .
... |
from march 1997 to 2010 , a total of 114 cases of malarplasty with l - shaped osteotomy through intraoral approach were performed , including 103 cases for women and 11 cases for men , with ages ranging from 16 to 48 years , all caused by congenital abnormality or heteroplasia .
measurement of the ratio between th... | backgroundbecause of the various defects of malarplasty , including a large incision , much bleeding , visible scars after the operation , and so on , caused by the conventional coronal incision or the temporal incision with the intraoral incision approach , the malarplasty by simple intraoral approach is an innovative... |
this study aims to determine the frequency of opthalmyomyiasis externa and the ocular findings of disease in southern khorasan .
all patients referred to the emergency department of valiaser hospital during the year 2011 with external ophthalmomyiasis were enrolled in this study .
the diagnosis of external ophthalm... | purposethis study aims to determine the frequency of opthalmyomyiasis externa and the ocular findings of disease in southern khorasan.methodsall patients referred to the emergency department of valiaser hospital during the year 2011 with external ophthalmomyiasis were enrolled in this study .
the diagnosis of externa... |
mononuclear cell recruitment , one of the hallmarks of allograft rejection 12 , is thought , conceptually , to follow the now classic sequence of leukocyte rolling along vascular endothelium , followed by stimulus - dependent attachment , triggering and transmigration , and directed migration along a chemotactic gradie... | chemokines provide signals for activation and recruitment of effector cells into sites of inflammation , acting via specific g protein coupled receptors .
however , in vitro data demonstrating the presence of multiple ligands for a given chemokine receptor , and often multiple receptors for a given chemokine , have ... |
an expert consultation organized by the world health organization in 2005 made an inventory of available research on births spacing .
the experts recommended an interpregnancy interval ( ipi ) of at least 6 months after a miscarriage before attempting a next pregnancy , in order to reduce morbidity and mortality risk... | in 2005 , a who consultation meeting on pregnancy intervals recommended a minimum interval of 6 months after a pregnancy disruption and an interval of two years after a live birth before attempting another pregnancy .
since then , studies have found contradictory evidence on the effect of shorter intervals after a pr... |
the study was approved by the emory university institutional review board and used data from 1,573 adults in the sigt study , described previously ( 5 ) .
briefly , this study recruited participants without known diabetes between january 2005 and march 2008 .
the participants first visits were at different times of... | objectivealthough screening for diabetes and prediabetes is recommended , it is not clear how best or whom to screen .
we therefore compared the economics of screening according to baseline risk.research design and methodsfive screening tests were performed in 1,573 adults without known diabetes random plasma / capi... |
parasites are eukaryotic pathogens , and broadly comprise protozoa , fungi , helminths and arthropods ( figure 1 ) that complete part or all of their life cycle within a host organism . like other pathogens
they succeed in this through a great diversity of strategies for avoiding immune detection , suppressing cellul... | parasites are accomplished evaders of host immunity .
their evasion strategies have shaped every facet of the immune system , driving diversity within gene families and immune gene polymorphisms within populations .
new studies published recently in bmc biology and journal of experimental medicine document parasite... |
xenon anesthesia allows a fast recovery of cognitive functions and provides cerebral protective effects in experimental models [ 2 , 3 ]
these advantages suggest that xenon may be an attractive alternative to the various techniques of general or regional anesthesia [ 5 , 6 ] usually proposed during carotid surgery ... | introductionthe cerebral protective effect of xenon anesthesia could be of interest during carotid surgery .
the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of xenon on cerebral oxygen saturation with those of propofol during carotid clamping.methodsafter approval of research ethics board and patient informed co... |
solid pseudopapillary tumour ( spt ) of the pancreas is one of the rare found primary tumors of the pancreas , making up approximately 0.172.7% of cases .
there have been controversies regarding the terminology and according to its macroscopic and microscopic pathological characteristics over the years .
it has bee... | a solid pseudopapillary tumour ( spt ) is an uncommon pancreatic tumour .
very rarely it has also been described outside the pancreas , usually arising from heterotopic pancreatic tissue . in this paper
, we described a case arising from the transverse mesocolon without heterotopic pancreatic tissue in an 18-year -... |
emphysematous urinary tract infections ( utis ) are infections associated with gas formation that may present as cystitis , pyelitis , or pyelonephritis .
uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for this type of infection , as it provides a favorable microenvironment for the gas forming organisms to gro... | a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus presented with fever and flank pain .
a computed tomography scan showed free air within both collecting systems .
a diagnosis of emphysematous pyelitis was made after other alternative diagnoses were ruled out .
urine culture grew candida tropicalis .
the emphysemat... |
meningeal hemangiopericytoma ( mhpc ) was first reported by stout and murray in 19422832 ) .
mhpc tumors arise from zimmermann 's pericytes around capillaries and post - capillary venules . begg and garret
have reported several similarities between mhpc and angioblastic meningioma , and have additionally used immun... | objectivealthough surgical resection is used to treat meningeal hemangiopericytoma ( mhpc ) , there is a high risk of subsequent recurrence .
this study investigated factors associated with treatment outcomes and recurrence in patients who had undergone surgical resection of intracranial mhpc.methodsfifteen patients ... |
rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is a disabling and progressive chronic autoimmune disease that carries a significant burden.1 although ra affects people of all ages , its prevalence increases with increasing age and it is more common in women than in men.2,3 a prevalence of 0.5%1% and a mean annual incidence ( ie , rate of... | this literature review examines available evidence on the current and past costs associated with rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) in italy , together with the future health - economic prospects for the disease .
studies have been conducted to date on the prevalence , or the associated costs , of ra in italy .
although f... |
chronic hepatitis b ( hbv ) and c virus ( hcv ) infection are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the united states ( us ) .
it is estimated that approximately 1.3 million and 5.2 million people in the us suffer from chronic hbv and hcv infection , respectively.1,2 both chronic infections can lead to cirrhosis... | hepatitis b ( hbv ) and hepatitis c ( hcv ) reactivation may occur after the use of biologic agents . during the last decade ,
utilization of biologics has changed the fate of many treated for cancer , autoimmune and connective tissue disease , maintenance of transplanted organs , and the prevention of graft - versus... |
arthroscopic fixation of tibial spine fracture without damage to the growth plate is very important in patients with open physis .
the present article describes a simple and effective technique being used for the first time to treat this condition .
a 16-year - old boy sustained avulsion fractures of tibial spine w... | introduction : arthroscopic fixation of tibial spine fracture without damage to the growth plate is very important in patients with open physis . the present article describes a simple and effective technique being used for the first time to treat this condition.case report : a 16-year - old boy sustained avulsion frac... |
volume repletion in the acutely hypovolemic injured patient is essential for maintaining perfusion to critical organs .
traditionally , this has been achieved through the infusion of isotonic crystalloids , sometimes in massive quantities .
however , it is increasingly recognized that overzealous crystalloid admini... | background : excessive crystalloid administration is common and associated with negative outcomes in critically ill trauma patients . continuous furosemide infusion ( cfi ) to remove excessive fluid has not been previously described in this population .
we hypothesized that a goal - directed cfi is more effective for... |
atrophic acne scars are dermal depressions commonly caused by destruction of collagen after inflammatory acne .
many therapeutic measures such as chemical peeling , subcision , dermabrasion , fillers and punch techniques have been performed to improve acne scarring but with sub - optimal outcomes .
ablative lasers ... | background : various treatment modalities including non - invasive methods such as chemical peels , topical retinoids , microdermabrasion , minimally invasive techniques such as microneedling , fractional lasers , microneedling radiofrequency devices and invasive procedures such as acne scar surgeries and ablative lase... |
with the increase in international travels and multiracial communities in the united states , non - rubella immune ( nri ) pregnant women as well as nonimmune individuals are at risk of rubella infection .
a study in 1988 suggested that between 7.5 and 17.4% of pregnant women in the united states lack immunity to rub... | since the introduction of the rubella vaccine in 1969 , prevalence of congenital rubella syndrome ( crs ) has greatly declined in the united states .
however , reports of sporadic adult cases of the disease and frequent identification of non - rubella immune ( nri ) women in prenatal units may result in outbreak of c... |
with the exponential rise in health care costs , health care authorities worldwide are expressing the urgent need to obtain information on health care performance .
evidence has suggested that the dissemination of data on performance can lead to improvements in the quality and efficiency of health care services .
t... | background : the evaluation of trauma center performance implies the use of indicators that evaluate clinical processes . despite the availability of routinely collected clinical data in most trauma systems , quality improvement efforts are often limited to hospital - based audit of adverse patient outcomes.objective:t... |
gene therapy for x - linked severe combined immunodeficiency ( scid - x1 ) has been successfully employed in the clinic by restoration of c expression in bone - marrow - derived cd34 cells using integrating vectors.1 , 2 in the earliest studies , using conventional -retroviral vectors , robust immune reconstitution wa... | in early gene therapy trials for scid - x1 , using -retroviral vectors , t cell leukemias developed in a subset of patients secondary to insertional proto - oncogene activation .
in contrast , we have reported development of t cell leukemias in scid - x1 mice following lentivirus - mediated gene therapy independent... |
uterine cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in women of reproductive age .
thanks to the progress of the cervical cancer screening system , the mortality rate of patients with cervical cancer has decreased in japan over the past twenty years1 . however , the number of patients with early invas... | background . vaginal radical trachectomy ( rt ) ligates and cuts several arteries supplying the uterus .
changes of blood supply to the uterus in two patients who experienced pregnancy and delivery were studied by using 3-d ct scanning .
effects of changes of blood supply to the uterus on the pregnancy courses were... |
end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) is a growing public health problem and one that has a significant impact on the lives of patients .
there are multiple sources of stress associated with the loss of kidney function and reliance on a multifaceted treatment regime .
the reliance upon dialysis is one of these stres... | depression is a prevalent burden for patients with end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) and one that is under - recognized and consequently under - treated .
although several studies have explored the association between depression symptoms , treatment adherence and outcomes in euro - american patient groups , quantita... |
bacteria were found in dentinal tubules of root canal dentine in histological sections of infected teeth and apical portion of root canal is an area of interest that may harbor a critical level of microorganisms , which is effective on apical periodontitis .
although cleaning of recessed surfaces is based more on irr... | objective : the aim of this study was to evaluate the apical root canal adaptation performance of various root canal instruments.materials and methods : a total of 40 freshly extracted single - rooted mandibular incisors were used in this study .
coroner parts of all teeth were removed from cemento - enamel junction ... |
the advent of a biological marker that reliably indicates the presence of alzheimer disease ( ad ) and distinguishes the latter from other dementing disorders would greatly assist the medical management of this common neurodegenerative condition .
the successful integration of such a marker in routine clinical practi... | decreased -amyloid1 - 42 and increased phospho - tau protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) are currently the most accurate chemical neurodiagnostics of sporadic alzheimer disease ( ad ) . a report ( 2007 ) of the third canadian consensus conference on the diagnosis and treatment of dementia ( 2006 ) recomme... |
a 22 weeks pregnant woman came to us for advice regarding the chance of offspring getting retinoblastoma as her first child had bilateral retinoblastoma .
the other offspring was 1 year and 9 months old at the time of presentation with a history of leukocoria in the left eye .
she was diagnosed to have bilateral re... | retinoblastoma is the most common malignant intraocular tumor in pediatric age group if undetected leads to ocular mortality .
prenatal diagnosis is an emerging technology to detect fatal diseases in utero such that subsequent management is planned to reduce the ocular morbidity .
we describe a case demonstrating t... |
strabismus is a very common eye disease characterized by abnormal eye movements . according to fu et al,1 the prevalence of strabismus was 108 out of 2,260 ( 5.0% ) eligible students in the central china .
strabismus is not only a cosmetic disease but also causes severe damages to visual acuity ( va ) , binocular vis... | objectivethe aim of this study was to investigate the fractional anisotropy ( fa ) and mean diffusivity ( md ) using a diffusion tensor imaging technique and whole - brain voxel - based analysis in patients with comitant strabismus.patients and methodsa total of 19 ( nine males and ten females ) patients with comitant ... |
with recent trends and technology advancement in the development of converged broadband next generation networks ( ngns ) and advanced multimedia services , the potential has increased for delivering various e - health services to end users anywhere , anytime .
the term e - health has been used to refer to the use ... | e - health services comprise a broad range of healthcare services delivered by using information and communication technology . in order to support existing as well as emerging e - health services over converged next generation network ( ngn ) architectures , there is a need for network qos control mechanisms that meet... |
negative pressure pulmonary edema ( nppe ) is an uncommon , but potentially life - threatening complication of general anesthesia .
it is usually seen during emergence from anesthesia . in healthy adults undergoing general anesthesia ,
the incidence of nppe is 0.05 to 0.1%.[13 ] it is even less common with the use ... | negative pressure pulmonary edema ( nppe ) following the use of the laryngeal mask airway ( lma ) is an uncommon and under - reported event .
we present a case of a 58-year - old male , who developed nppe following lma use . after biting vigorously on his lma ,
the patient developed stridor upon emergence , with co... |
about a decade ago most healthcare professionals had never heard the term human factors . even today
it is still not as familiar to many clinicians as most human factors experts would like to think .
nevertheless significant progress has been made in human factors science as well as in applications of human factors... | the integration of human factors science in research and interventions aimed at increased patient safety has led to considerable improvements . however ,
some challenges to patient safety persist and may require human factors experts to critically reflect upon their predominant approaches to research and improvement ... |
it is acquired by the consumption of raw or uncooked pork products containing encysted larva .
arthralgias and cardioneurological symptoms occur rarely , but the parasite has not been known to directly infect the bone .
pyomyositis is primary infection of the skeletal muscle , usually caused by staphylococcus aureu... | trichinellosis is a parasitic infestation affecting the skeletal muscles
. cases of trichinellosis in humans have been reported from most regions of the world . however , a review of literature revealed only two reported cases of human trichinellosis in india .
further , a diagnosis of superimposed pyomyositis in t... |
the intermolecular amidoalkylation reaction is a very useful carbon carbon bondforming process in organic chemistry.1 it has been widely applied to the stereocontrolled functionalization of nitrogen heterocycles , as the reaction of the cyclic nacyliminium ion intermediates , generated in situ , is usually highly dia... | abstractenamides with a free nh group have been evaluated as nucleophiles in chiral brnsted acidcatalyzed enantioselective amidoalkylation reactions of bicyclic hydroxylactams for the generation of quaternary stereocenters .
a quantitative structure reactivity relationship ( qsrr ) method has been developed to find ... |
malaria , caused by protozoan parasites of the genus plasmodium , is one of the leading causes of illness and death worldwide .
its effects are exacerbated by its ability to modulate immune responses , which not only impairs the patient 's ability to fight the malarial infection , but can leave them vulnerable to som... | the capacity of malarial infection to suppress the patient 's immune responses both to the parasite and to other antigens has long puzzled researchers . a prime suspect , the parasite - produced pigment hemozoin , has now been clearly shown to mediate immunosuppression by inhibiting dendritic cell activity . |
the most common serious pneumococcal disease is pneumonia , an infection of the tissues of the lungs .
pneumococci may also cause infections in the ear ( otitis media ) , para nasal sinuses ( sinusitis ) , the tissues covering the brain and spinal cord ( meningitis ) , and , less often , the heart valves , joints , a... | objective
streptococcus pneumoniae is a common worldwide potential pathogen causing pneumonia among children and the detection of pneumococcal infections by conventional culturing techniques is cumbersome .
the present study describes a comparative analysis of sensitive nested - pcr and bacterial culture in pediatr... |
iron metabolism is implicated in the incidence of diabetes and associated atherosclerotic disease [ 13 ] .
this causative relationship is underlined by reports of an improvement of glycaemic control in response to a reduction in body iron [ 4 , 5 ] .
body iron stores accumulate by dietary factors that include vitam... | background .
serum ferritin predicts the onset of diabetes ; however , this relationship is not clear amongst south asians , a population susceptible to glucose intolerance and anaemia . objective .
this study tests whether ferritin levels reflect glucose tolerance in south asians , independent of lifestyle exposur... |
caring for children with special health care needs ( shcn ) may take a toll on parental health , divert attention from typical aspects of family functioning , and can also influence possibilities for participation in paid employment ( derigne , 2012 ; hauge et al .
children with shcn often have a substantial need fo... | objective child - related stress following the birth of a child with special health care needs ( shcn ) can take a toll on parental health .
this study examined how the risk of sick leave due to psychiatric disorders ( pd ) among mothers of children with shcn compares with that of mothers of children without shcn du... |
gastric cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant neoplasms and has the second - highest cancer - related mortality rate in the world . in east asia especially , like china , japan , and korea , more than one million new cases are diagnosed each year .
most patients with gastric cancer are diagnosed at... | aim . to investigate the involvement of dickkopf-1 expression in gastric cancer
. methods .
dickkopf-1 mrna and protein expression were determined by real - time quantitative reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction ( qrt - pcr ) and immunohistochemistry in specimens of primary cancer and their adjacent no... |
leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is a rare but fatal manifestation of metastatic breast cancer , with limited treatment options .
median overall survival of untreated patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is only 4 - 6 weeks .
although the prognosis for patients with breast cancer and leptomeningeal carcinomatos... | leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is a fatal manifestation of metastatic breast cancer .
investigation of intrathecal ( it ) trastuzumab for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is currently underway ; however , there has been no consensus .
we report on two cases of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive ( her2 + ... |
sweat gland carcinoma ( sgc ) is a rare tumor particularly over scalp , which was reported first in 1865 .
the treatment of choice is wide excisional biopsy , with extensive excision and regional lymph node dissection .
we report a case of 42-year - old female with ulcerative lesion over scalp since 6 months proved... | sweat gland adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor particularly over scalp .
they have potential to be benign as well as distant metastasis .
usually presents with papules or nodules .
ulcerative morphology is uncommon . wide surigical excision with regional lymph not dissection is the treatment of choice .
a 42-year -... |
we evaluated 244 unrelated portuguese patients with symptoms of pd referred to our center for molecular study of park2 .
the mean age at onset was 34.3 years ( range , 6 months to 64 years ) .
we conducted mutation screening , performing pcr amplification of the entire park2-coding region and exon - intron boundari... | objectives : to identify the genomic mechanisms that result in park2 large gene deletions.methods:we conducted mutation screening using pcr amplification of park2-coding regions and exon - intron boundaries , followed by sequencing to evaluate a large series of 244 unrelated portuguese patients with symptoms of parkins... |
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