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tissue samples were taken from 27 patients with suspected cl who had consulted the health centers from march 2005 to march 2006 .
local reference laboratories evaluated all stained slides by light microscopy and positively identified leishmania amastigotes .
patients had no history of travel and were assumed to bee... | during the past 20 years , cutaneous leishmaniasis has emerged as a major public health threat in morocco .
we describe distribution of leishmania major and l. tropica in morocco and a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to l. infantum .
we recommend using molecular techniques to diagnose suspected leishmanias... |
with the rapid increase in the applications of coronary angiography , a growing number of coronary artery ectasia ( cae ) cases have been detected .
cae is an independent predictor of mortality , and aneurysmal patients with nonobstructive diseases have mortality rates similar to those of patients with 3-vessel disea... | background : despite its severity , coronary artery ectasia ( cae ) is still poorly understood .
high - sensitivity c - reactive protein ( hs - crp ) has been recognized as a prognostic factor in some cardiovascular diseases but not assessed in cae .
the aim of this observational study was to investigate the progno... |
geriatricians in canada have long looked to our colleagues in the united kingdom for inspiration and guidance . a recent report by david oliver , catherine foot , and richard humphries on behalf of the king s fund
raises many issues regarding current problems with the care for older adults in existing health - care s... | a report from the united kingdom on making health and care systems fit for an ageing population proposes a range of interventions to make care better for older adults , especially those who are frail . here
, we discuss the proposed shift for the acute care hospital to other models of care .
the key for these model... |
a male patient was referred to a physician in a clinic with the chief complaint of abdominal pain for 2 3 days . the patient 's sister noted that the patient was a psychiatric patient diagnosed with depression , anxiety as well as drug addiction .
the patient 's sister also noted that the patient had no verbal commu... | physical disorders can be seen in psychiatric patients . in addition
, a delayed diagnosis can cause a serious complication of the physical disorder among such patients . in this report , a case of appendicitis in a psychiatric case with drug withdrawal symptoms was reported . |
cancers of the upper urinary tract ( including renal parenchyma , renal pelvis and ureters ) are rare , occurring in only 8% of all renal malignancies . furthermore , primary rscc is less commonly seen , with a prevalence of 1.35% of the malignancies of the upper urinary tract .
rscc usually progresses insidiously , ... | introductionrenal squamous cell carcinoma ( rscc ) is a rare tumor that is usually diagnosed late as a locally advanced malignancy with adjacent structure involvement .
radical surgical resection with negative margins is the mainstay of treatment , as it is correlated with improved survival , while other modalities o... |
performance monitoring is a major executive function , which allows for an online adaptation of behavior according to internal goals and standards and includes the process of error monitoring . in order to accomplish goal - oriented behavior and prevent performance errors
, we constantly control the outcome of our ac... | background . in order to prevent future errors
, we constantly control our behavior for discrepancies between the expected ( i.e. , intended ) and the real action outcome and continuously adjust our behavior accordingly .
neurophysiological correlates of this action - monitoring process can be studied with event - ... |
atherosclerosis is a multifactorial complex disease triggered and maintained by a low - level chronic inflammation of the arterial wall .
the onset of atherosclerosis includes a dysfunction of endothelial cells , caused by a variety of external stimuli ( e.g. , hypertension , reactive oxygen species , or modified low... | hyperlipidemia is a well - accepted risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis .
micrornas ( mirnas ) , a novel class of posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression , are involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes , including the regulation of the lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis ... |
the basal ganglia , a group of nuclei , are associated with a variety of functions , including movement , reward , and motivational processes ( percheron et al . , 1994 ; mink , 1996 ; delong and wichmann , 2007 ) . the striatum , which is the major input station of the basal ganglia in the brain , is regulated in part... | the basal ganglia , a group of nuclei , are associated with a variety of functions , including motor control .
the striatum , which is the major input station of the basal ganglia in the brain , is regulated in part by dopaminergic input from the substantia nigra .
the striatum is made up 96% of medium spiny neuron... |
negative change within the carotid artery is reportedly an independent risk factor for
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and stroke1 .
several studies report an association of cvd risk with increased of carotid intima - media
thickness ( cimt)2,3,4 and luminal diameter
( cld)5 , 6 .
recently , a followed - up st... | [ purpose ] the aim of this study was to examine the effect of resistance exercise on
carotid intima - media thickness , luminal diameter , peak systolic flow velocity , end
diastolic flow velocity , and wall shear rate in healthy elderly men .
[ subjects and
methods ] thirty healthy elderly men ( age 65 years... |
congenital hypothyroidism in neonates and very young infants is usually caused by thyroid
dysgenesis associated with an absent , ectopic , or hypoplastic thyroid gland , and can be
detected by neonatal screening in the general population .
although this illness itself is
considered to be unchanged throughout th... | we encountered a case with hyperthyroidism at the age of 14 who had been
diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism ( ch ) and had received thyroid hormone replacement
therapy . at the age of 16 d ,
the patient was referred to our hospital because of positive
results at neonatal screening for ch .
serum level o... |
quality of life ( qol ) is a broad , complex , multidimensional concept that incorporates psychological , economic , philosophical , socio - cultural and spiritual dimensions .
studies done in patients with different chronic diseases like chronic renal failure , acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and psychiatry disor... | there is paucity of information on the quality of life of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in nigeria .
this study assessed the factors influencing their quality of life and the independent predictors of low quality of life scores.two hundred and sixty consecutive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis seen at the ... |
it is well known that alcoholism can lead , in the long - term , to deficits in neurocognitive functions that involve memory , learning , visual - spatial orientation , psychometricity , and information processing , among other skills.1,2 in addition , previous authors have highlighted pronounced impairments in the rec... | backgroundalcohol abuse and dependence can cause a wide variety of cognitive , psychomotor , and visual - spatial deficits .
it is questionable whether this condition is associated with impairments in the recognition of affective and/or emotional information .
such impairments may promote deficits in social cogniti... |
a 60-year - old woman ( height , 150 cm ; weight , 58 kg ) was scheduled for aortic and mitral valve repairs with maze procedure for mixed aortic and mitral valvular heart disease with atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
the preoperative electrocardiogram showed af with ventricular rates of 60 - 100/min and left ventricular... | intracardiac thrombus during cardiopulmonary bypass ( cpb ) with full heparinization is very rare but fatal .
a 60-year - old woman was scheduled for aortic and mitral valve repairs with a maze procedure for mixed aortic and mitral valvular heart disease with atrial fibrillation .
preoperative transthoracic echocar... |
postural control refers to the sensorimotor control that maintains center of pressure ( cop )
within the base of support when postural sway occurs due to active or external forces1 .
patients with stroke show a pattern of
increased postural sway during quiet standing due to motor , sensory , and cognitive
impai... | [ purpose ] this study aimed to examine the effects of a visual feedback obtained from a
mirror on balance ability during quiet standing in patients with stroke .
[ subjects ]
fifteen patients with stroke ( 9 males , 6 females ) enrolled in the study .
[ methods ]
experimental trials ( duration , 20s ) includ... |
hemangiomas are generally classified into capillary , cavernous , mixed and sclerosing types according to the type of blood cells they are composed .
hemangiomas are mostly seen in the head and neck region and thought to originate from endothelial progenitor cells .
oral capillary hemangiomas consist small - sized ... | intraosseous hemangioma is a benign vascular neoplasm , which is mostly seen in vertebrae , maxillofacial bones , and long bones .
intraosseous hemangioma is rarely seen on jaw bones compared to other skeletal bones and usually occurs in the cavernous form .
capillary intraosseous hemangioma of jaws is an uncommon ... |
lupus vulgaris is the most common morphological presentation of cutaneous tb that can present as papular , nodular , plaque , ulcerative , vegetating , and tumid forms .
it often originates from an underlying focus of tb , typically in a bone , joint or lymph node , and spreads by either contiguous extension of the d... | lupus vulgaris is the most common presentation of cutaneous tuberculosis in india and can present as papular , nodular , plaque , ulcerative , vegetating , and tumid forms .
unusual variants include the frambesiform , gangrenous , ulcerovegetating , lichen simplex chronicus , myxomatous , and sporotrichoid types .
... |
a 65-year - old female visited korea university anam hospital complaining of chest pain , palpitation , and dyspnea . on the basis of computed tomography , she was diagnosed with takayasu s arteritis including a large aneurysm ( 58 mm ) on the aortic distal arch ( fig .
because the patient strongly refused surgery , ... | chylothorax is a rare postoperative complication of a thoracic surgical procedure . here
, we report a case of chylothorax after thoracic endovascular aortic repair with debranching for the distal arch aneurysm of the aorta .
first , the patient was treated by a medical method ( nil per os , fat - free diet , and o... |
accessory fissures in the lungs are common congenital variations , which occur due to lack of obliteration of fissures separating individual bronchopulmonary segments during the development . presence of accessory fissures should be documented in the radiological report as they affect the surgical planning , especially... | accessory fissures in the lungs are common congenital variations , usually detected as incidental findings in radiographs or ct scan .
accessory fissures can act as an anatomic barrier to the spread of inflammatory or neoplastic disease , as well as due to the variant anatomy , mimic lesions .
it is important to re... |
the senescence - accelerated mouse ( sam ) is a group of inbred mouse strains that are used as
animal models of senescence acceleration and age - associated disorders . during sister - brother
mating of akr / j mice obtained from jackson laboratories ( me , usa ) by the department of
pathology ,
chest disease r... | the senescence - accelerated mouse ( sam ) was developed by selective breeding of the akr / j
strain , based on a graded score for senescence , which led to the development of both
senescence - accelerated prone ( samp ) , and senescence - accelerated resistant ( samr ) strains .
among the samp strains ,
samp6 ... |
the design and methods of this multicenter , randomized controlled trial have been detailed elsewhere ( 8,20 ) and will be briefly reported here . locally appointed ethics committees approved the research protocol , and participants gave written informed consent .
the ides involved 22 outpatient diabetes clinics thro... | objectivephysical fitness is inversely related to mortality in the general population and in subjects with type 2 diabetes . here
, we present data concerning the relationship between changes in physical fitness and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes from the italian diabetes and ... |
the seven country study , conducted in the 1950s by ancel keys , described the foods and beverages frequently consumed in the mediterranean area(1 ) .
the mediterranean dietary pattern ( mdp ) identified in that study , was characterized as a dietary pattern rich in plant - based foods ( vegetables , fruits , cereals... | backgroundamong adults , the mediterranean dietary pattern ( mdp ) is inversely related to body mass index ( bmi ) .
data are lacking on adherence to the mdp among youth in the united states and whether the mdp is related to weight change in that group.objectiveto assess whether adherence to the mdp was associated wi... |
some of the earliest of these experimental preimpregnated fiber - reinforced composites ( frcs ) designed for dental applications were based on glass - reinforced thermoplastics by goldberg et al . in the year 1994 .
he studied the flexural property , stress relaxation and hydrolytic stability of frc based on thermop... | fiber - reinforced composite ( frc ) , prostheses offer the potential advantages of optimized esthetics , low wear of the opposing dentition and the ability to bond the prosthesis to the abutment teeth , thereby compensating for less - than - optimal abutment tooth retention and resistance form .
these prostheses are... |
since the last description of rebase in the 2003 nar database issue ( 1 ) , there has been considerable growth in the size of the database primarily due to the large number of restriction modification ( rm ) genes that can be found in the sequence databases .
more than 200 bacterial and archaeal genomes are availabl... | rebase is a comprehensive database of information about restriction enzymes , dna methyltransferases and related proteins involved in restriction modification .
it contains both published and unpublished work with information about recognition and cleavage sites , isoschizomers , commercial availability , crystal an... |
a 25-year - old , 68 kg , bmi 27.64 kg / m , asa ii primigravida , was taken up for emergency caesarean section for meconium - stained liquor and fetal distress .
she was a known case of preeclampsia and her blood pressure was controlled on methyl dopa 250 mg po thrice daily .
her preoperative hematologic investiga... | a 25 year old , 68 kg , primigravida , was taken up for emergency caesarean section for meconium stained liquor and fetal distress .
she was a known case of pre eclampsia and her blood pressure was controlled on tab methyl dopa .
she was administered general anaesthesia .
after delivery of baby she went into post... |
reactive perforating collagenosis is a rare perforating disorder.it is characterised by collagen bundles perforating the epidermis .
reactive perforating collagenosis ( rpc ) is a rare form of transepidermal elimination ( tee ) disorder in which there is extrusion of altered collagen from the epidermis .
rpc can ex... | a 4 year old boy presented with history of itchy raised lesions on body of 2 years duration . though parental consanguinity was not present , his elder brother had similar complaints .
dermatological examination revealed multiple hyperpigmented papules with a central keratotic plug distributed mainly over face and ex... |
birth defects occur as a result of genetic problems caused by mutations in one or more genes , chromosomal aneuploidy or environmental factors during the gestational period .
cytogenetic disorders occur in about 2% of pregnancies in women older than 35 years , 1% of live births and 6% of still births .
it is eviden... | background and objective : women with high - risk pregnancies are offered prenatal diagnosis through amniocentesis for cytogenetic analysis of fetal cells .
the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the rapid fluorescence in situ hybridization ( fish ) technique for detecting numerical aberrations of... |
the optimal visualisation of vocal cords during fibreoptic intubation may be utilised for the nares - vocal cord distance ( nvd ) estimation , which is a very useful measurement for blind nasal intubation , positioning of the nasopharyngeal airway ( npa ) or of endotracheal tube as npa and positioning of temperature se... | background and aims : the optimal visualisation of vocal cords during fibreoptic intubation may be utilised for the nares - vocal cord distance ( nvd ) estimation .
the present study was conducted to measure nvd and to correlate with various external body parameters.methods:this study was conducted on 50 males and 50... |
access to high quality reproductive health services is of primary concern in cambodia due to high levels of maternal mortality and morbidity over the last two decades.13 high utilization of the private sector to meet reproductive health needs , especially for abortion , has complicated efforts to document access and to... | the study aimed to explore perceptions of stakeholders regarding misoprostol use in cambodia , a setting with high maternal mortality .
semi - structured expert interviews were conducted with 21 participants in the capital , phnom penh .
the sample included participants involved in providing reproductive health ser... |
the patient was a 13-day - old male infant 1,350 g at birth , who was born by cesarean delivery .
pulmonary surfactant was administered via an endotracheal tube twice because of respiratory distress syndrome and the newborn was provided with mechanical ventilation for 35 hours .
the patient received oxygen by hood ... | tracheomalacia is a malformation of the tracheal membranosa .
it is maintained during spontaneous breathing but can be altered by bronchoscopy or positive airway pressure .
tracheomalacia is associated with a high mortality and may cause prolonged intubation and ventilation . here , the case of a 13-day - old infan... |
for example , stomach , liver , and colon cancer are common in patients with inflammatory colitis .
there is considerable correlation between the prognosis of various cancers and specific inflammatory markers and cytokines as well as systemic , nonspecific inflammatory markers such as c - reactive protein ( crp ) .
... | purposec - reactive protein ( crp ) is a general marker for inflammation and it has been associated with prostate cancer .
we hypothesized that a correlation may exist between crp and prostate cancer in patients undergoing transrectal biopsy of the prostate because of rising prostate - specific antigen ( psa ) levels... |
chemotherapy is known to be a critical remedy for tumors , and cyclophosphamide ( cp ) is used as a common chemotherapeutic drug for cancer and immunosuppression for nephritic disorders and lupus erythematosus , while negative roles of cp on male reproductive functions have been widely recognized for many years , which... | objective(s):cyclophosphamide ( cp ) toxicity on testis was hampered by squid ink polysaccharide ( sip ) via restoration of antioxidant ability in our previous investigations .
this study investigated roles of nrf2/are signal pathway in testis of treated mice.materials and methods : male kunming mice were employed to... |
an esthetic wire coated with a tooth - colored plastic material , such as a synthetic
fluorine - containing resin or an epoxy resin composed mainly of
polytetraflueroethlyene , has
been used to satisfy esthetic demands .
several problems involving the wearing or peeling
of the outer coatings of coated wires h... | the relationship between orthodontic force and friction produced from an archwire and
brackets affects the sliding of the wire in the leveling stage.objectivethe purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between force and
friction in a small esthetic nickel - titanium ( ni - ti ) wire . material and me... |
nephrotic syndrome results in loss of plasma proteins and various other macromolecules in the urine leading to their deficiencies . many of the physiologically important molecules which exist in the plasma , bound to plasma proteins , are also carried away and are lost in the urine .
the common abnormalities arising ... | background .
the present study is to look for a correlation between oxidative stress and thyroid function in patients with the nephrotic syndrome in the remission phase as well as in a persistent proteinuric state .
introduction .
nephrotic syndrome is a form of chronic kidney disease due to which blood loses pro... |
a 43-year - old woman , with no significant previous medical history , was admitted due to fever , chills , and headache which she had been experiencing for the past several days .
her laboratory work showed a cell count of 20 /l with 38% neutrophils on cerebrospinal fluid analysis , and elevated levels of serum trop... | a 43-year - old woman was admitted due to fever , chills , and headache for several days and was diagnosed as infective endocarditis .
intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography ( tee ) examination confirmed severe aortic stenosis and showed relatively fresh 1.5 cm vegetation on the left coronary cusp of the aor... |
six rnase - free , hplc - purified 5-phosphorylated mirna oligoribonucleotides were synthesized ( integrated dna technologies ) for the analytical portion of this study , corresponding to hsa - mir-16 ( 5-phospho - uagcagcacguaaauauuggcg - oh-3 ) , hsa - mir-141 ( 5-phospho - uaacacugucugguaaagaugg - oh-3 ) , hsa - mir... | nanoliter - sized droplet technology paired with digital pcr ( ddpcr ) holds promise for highly precise , absolute nucleic acid quantification .
our comparison of microrna quantification by ddpcr and real - time pcr revealed greater precision ( coefficients of variation decreased by 3786% ) and improved day - to - da... |
gastric carcinoma is the second most common cause of cancer - related death in iran .
the most important advancement in the epidemiology of gastric adenocarcinoma is the identification of its relationship with helicobacter pylori infection which has been reported by several well - designed cohort studies .
persiste... | background : gastric carcinoma is the second most common cause of cancer - related death in iran . it is well - known that atrophic gastritis is a major risk factor for gastric cancer , which leads to variations in the serum levels of gastrin 17 ( g-17 ) , pepsinogen i ( p - i ) , and pepsinogen ii ( p - ii ) . the aim... |
we stood at the bedside of a tiny infant in the neonatal intensive care unit .
another member of our infectious disease team had just gotten off the phone with the microbiology lab : a yeast had grown from the blood culture .
when i told the residents , he has a one in four chance of dying from this infection , t... | abstractnew antifungals are needed , particularly in the developing world , to treat life - threatening fungal infections , such as cryptococcosis .
drug repurposing is one strategy to identify new drug - like compounds , but it is often difficult to identify a mechanism of action . here
we discuss the outstanding ... |
the influenza a h1n1 ( 2009 ) virus affected thousands of children in catalonia ( spain ) in fall 2009 ( 10001200 infections per 100 000 inhabitants aged < 15year old between weeks 43 and 46 of 2009 ) .
the infection typically caused mild respiratory symptoms , but other less usual extrapulmonary manifestations and ... | please cite this paper as : launes et al .
( 2012 ) viral load at diagnosis and influenza a h1n1 ( 2009 ) disease severity in children .
influenza and other respiratory viruses 6(601 ) , e89e92.to assess viral load at diagnosis ( vlad ) as a biomarker of novel influenza disease severity , epidemiologic and clinica... |
interferon - alpha ( ifn- ) , which is the main therapeutic agent used for chronic hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection , is associated with side effects such as flu - like symptoms , hematologic abnormalities and thyroid disease .
prospective studies have shown that up to 40% of patients with hcv infection develop th... | interferon - induced thyroiditis ( iit ) is a major clinical problem for patients receiving interferon - alpha ( ifn- ) therapy .
but , destructive thyroiditis followed by graves ' disease associated with ifn- therapy is very rarely reported .
herein , we report a rare case of pegylated ifn- ( pegifn- ) induced des... |
bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively blocks the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) receptor .
the addition of bevacizumab to first or second line chemotherapy was associated with longer overall survival ( os ) and progression free survival ( pfs ) in metasta... | bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively blocks the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) receptor and it is used in metastatic colorectal patients .
we present here a case of fatal necrotizing fasciitis in a patient during bevacizumab treatment for colorectal canc... |
although fat embolization may occur in almost all patients with pelvic or long bone fractures ; in most cases it is sub - clinical.12 the reported incidence of fat embolism syndrome in long bone fractures is 0.5 - 11% and up to 30% in bilateral femoral fractures.345 cerebral fat embolism syndrome where the clinical man... | fat embolism syndrome presenting primarily with cerebral manifestations is rarely reported .
we report here two such patients who showed complete recovery following initial deterioration .
the aim of these reports is to highlight that prolonged intensive care and good rehabilitation can lead to normal neurologic re... |
initial laboratory values were : wbc 2900/l , anc 900/l , hemoglobin 12.0 g / dl , mcv 95 fl , and platelet count of 156,000/l .
creatinine , ast , alt , bilirubin , tsh , iron , total iron binding capacity , ferritin , and vitamin b12 levels were normal .
past medical history was significant for coronary artery ... | key clinical messagecopper deficiency is a rare cause of pancytopenia that may be mistaken for myelodysplastic syndrome .
cytoplasmic vacuolization in erythroid and myeloid precursors is found on bone marrow examination .
patients with a history of abdominal surgery who present with anemia and neutropenia with dysp... |
antibiotic therapy directed against multiresistent bacteria is a significant cost driver in clinical medicine . due to various reasons ,
the costs of new antibiotics are comparatively high and some multiresistant bacteria can or should only be treated with new antibiotics .
moreover , most complicated bacterial inf... | the cost of treatments especially in conditions where multiresistant bacteria are involved are a major issue in times where in most developed countries in the world payment systems based on diagnoses - related - groups ( drg ) are in place .
there is great evidence that especially the length of stay in hospital ( los... |
phacoemulsification and recent advances in cataract surgery techniques led to improved postoperative outcomes . nowadays , along with the improvement in biometry and corneal topography in preoperative examination , patients presenting with cataract can be diagnosed with corneal ectasias , i.e. keratoconus ( kc ) or pel... | our purpose was to examine the long - term efficacy of toric intraocular lens ( iol ) implantation in cataract patients with high astigmatism due to corneal ectasia , who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery .
five eyes of 3 cataract patients with topographically stable keratoconus or pellucid macular degen... |
to report a case of frosted branch angiitis ( fba ) secondary to neuro - behet .
description , diagnosis , angiogram imaging and follow - up of a 28-year - old female with fba .
frosted branch angiitis is a clinical term applied to three conditions : infiltration of vessels by malignant cells , and sheathing of ves... | purposeto report a case of frosted branch angiitis ( fba ) secondary to neuro-behet.methodsdescription , diagnosis , angiogram imaging and follow - up of a 28-year - old female with fba.resultsfrosted branch angiitis is a clinical term applied to three conditions : infiltration of vessels by malignant cells , and sheat... |
the students were assured that scores obtained by them in this study would not be counted for internal assessment of university .
a sample size analysis was done at the initiation of the study . as per our pilot study
, the standard deviation of marks was estimated to be approximately two . based on a two tailed a ... | objectives : students learn in a better way if they are involved in active learning .
hence , the study was designed to introduce student - led objective tutorials ( slots ) as an alternative to conventional tutorials ( cts ) in pharmacology and to compare slot and ct on outcomes such as improved score in tests , act... |
in varied contexts , the assessment of alcohol misuse needs screening efforts , and in those positive , for subsequent evaluation of severity .
screening is necessary to identify subjects at risk particularly in the early phase of drinking .
it helps in identifying both hazardous and harmful users . in general , th... | background and objectives : we have analyzed extant data to see if alcohol use disorder identification test ( audit ) and severity of alcohol dependence questionnaire ( sadq ) assess overlapping aspects of alcoholism , and how they relate to lab measures of alcoholism.materials and methods : consecutive male patients b... |
in this issue of critical care , totapally et al . evaluated the effect of albuterol on tidal breathing loops of 20 infants with respiratory syncytial virus ( rsv ) bronchiolitis .
they found that the wheeze score and the pulmonary function tests were not significantly affected by albuterol .
this is the latest o... | over the past 12 years there have been 12 randomised control trials , involving 843 infants , evaluating the effect of salbutamol or albuterol on bronchiolitis . of these ,
nine ( 75% ) showed that bronchodilators had no effect . in three studies a small transient improvement in the acute clinical score
was seen . ... |
guidelines for group b streptococcus ( gbs ) originally established in 1996 ( and reaffirmed in 2002 and 2010 ) by the centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) identify asymptomatic infants born to mothers who were colonized with gbs but received < 4 hours of intrapartum antibiotics , as at - risk for present... | background . infants born to mothers who are colonized with group b streptococcus ( gbs ) but received < 4 hours of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis ( iap ) are at - risk for presenting later with sepsis .
we assessed if < 4 hours of maternal iap for gbs are associated with an increased incidence of clinical neonat... |
vitamin e is a family of compounds that has long been thought to have biological properties that may prevent prostate and other cancers . of these compounds ,
-tocopherol is the most bioavailable in humans and , according to the institute of medicine , is the only form of vitamin e that has been demonstrated to rever... | background .
the alpha - tocopherol , beta - carotene cancer prevention ( atbc ) study , a randomized controlled cancer prevention trial , showed a 32% reduction in prostate cancer incidence in response to vitamin e supplementation .
two other trials were not confirmatory , however . objective .
we compared the c... |
polymerdrug conjugates are established as one of the first - generation nanomedicines for the treatment of cancer .
their use facilitates the uptake and transport of therapeutic agents and creates a dose - differentiation between the treatment target and the rest of the body , due to the fact that macromolecules can ... | the biological activities of sequential combinations of anticancer drugs , sos thiophene ( sos ) and mesochlorin e6 monoethylenediamine ( mce6 ) , in the form of free drugs , nontargeted n-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide ( hpma ) copolymerdrug conjugates , p - gflg - mce6 and p - gflg - sos ( p is the hpma copolymer ba... |
postinfectious obliterative bronchiolitis ( ob ) is an uncommon and severe form of
chronic obstructive lung disease that occurs in children after lower respiratory
tract injury .
( ) in terms of
diagnosis , there are no specific signs or symptoms of postinfectious ob .
clinical
and imaging findings are used... | objective : to determine whether air trapping ( expressed as the percentage of air
trapping relative to total lung volume [ at% ] ) correlates with clinical and
functional parameters in children with obliterative bronchiolitis ( ob ) . methods : ct scans of 19 children with ob were post - processed for at% quantifi... |
a 20-year - old boy presented to the emergency department with sudden onset severe left flank pain for a week and no associated vomiting or urinary symptoms .
he had a history of per - rectal bleeding 6 months earlier for which he was evaluated elsewhere .
an ultrasound done elsewhere the previous day was suggestiv... | we report the case of a young man who presented with spontaneous left perinephric hematoma and per - rectal bleeding .
evaluation revealed renal and superior mesenteric arterial aneurysms secondary to polyarteritis nodosa ( pan ) .
computed tomography and angiographic findings are presented .
the aetiology of spo... |
gardner described a syndrome consisting of hereditary intestinal polyposis with osteomas and multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions in 1953.1 this syndrome has since been modified by the addition of other features such as osteomas , supernumerary teeth , dental abnormalities , fibrous dysplasia of the skull , fibr... | gardner syndrome is a rare , autosomal dominant syndrome .
it will follow a positive course with diagnosis and treatment by medical and dental specialists . orthodontists or general dental physicians can easily diagnose the syndrome through radiological images taken in addition to dental and skeletal findings .
the... |
hsv infection is a well - known , chronic persistent viral infection of varying recurrence rate .
it has been reported that hsv can be the cause of esophagitis , as seen in immunodeficient patients under therapeutic immunosuppression [ 2 , 3 ] .
although the risk of a hsv infection appears to be correlated to a deg... | herpes simplex infection is characterized by acute or subacute infection , often followed by a chronic carrier state .
consecutive recurrences may flare up if immunocompromise occurs .
herpes simplex associated esophagitis or duodenal ulcer have been reported in immunocompromised patients due to neoplasm , hiv / ai... |
patients with elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies ( apl ) often experience pregnancy complications comprising recurrent spontaneous abortions , intrauterine growth retardation , and preeclampsia , suggesting that these antibodies may influence embryonic implantation and induce thrombosis of the uteroplacenta... | objective . to determine the prevalence and clinical association of anti - phosphatidylserine / prothrombin antibodies ( aps / pt ) in patients with a history of pregnancy complications relevant to antiphospholipid syndrome ( aps ) .
materials and methods .
two hundred and eleven patients with a history of ( a ) th... |
most primary head and neck cancers are mucosal lesions , and their mucosal extent can be far better evaluated by the clinician than with ct or mri .
indeed , imaging plays little role in the initial detection and characterisation of head and neck malignancies . however , these tumours do have the tendency to spread s... | hypopharyngeal cancer , and particularly cervical oesophageal cancer , are infrequent tumours .
imaging methods assist in pre - treatment planning by better defining the extension of the lesions , by detecting subclinical neck adenopathies , as well as distant metastasis . in selected cases ,
imaging is also useful... |
ewing 's sarcoma is a relatively rare malignant bone neoplasm that usually occurs in children and young adults and involves the major long bones , pelvis , and ribs .
however , primary pulmonary ewing 's sarcoma / primitive neuroectodermal tumor ( es / pnet ) is extremely rare . to the best of our knowledge ,
only ... | extraskeletal ewing 's sarcoma ( ees ) is a branch of neuroectodermal tumor ( pnet ) , which is very rare soft tissue sarcoma .
we report a case of ees / pnet arising is the lung of a 67-yr - old man .
computed tomography , bone scintigraphy , and positron emission tomography confirmed the mass to have a primary pu... |
vascular smooth muscle cells ( vsmcs ) are one of the major cellular components of blood vessel wall where they exist in a differentiated contractile phenotype to maintain vascular tone .
vsmcs within adult blood vessels proliferate at an extremely low rate , display very low synthetic activity , and express a unique... | vascular smooth muscle cell ( vsmc ) differentiation and proliferation are two important physiological processes during vascular development . the phenotypic alteration from differentiated to proliferative vsmc contributes to the development of several major cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis , hypertens... |
it s the lone researchers who generally explore scientific frontiers , but groups of people with various areas of expertise come together to consolidate advances .
as new knowledge arises , these groups solidify standards that provide the platform for the next frontiers .
the battles between jonas salk and albert s... | editor s note : from their roles directing the w.m .
keck center for collaborative neuroscience at rutgers university , wise young and patricia morton have been on the front lines of spinal - cord - injury research for most of their careers . in this article
they lean on lessons from the past , their own experience... |
liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive scarring , caused by chronic inflammatory processes during liver diseases of different origin . in response to chronic liver injuries , various cell types get activated and transdifferentiate into myofibroblastic cells that then participate in synthesis and reorganization of... | microrna ( mirna ) are small non - coding rna molecules that posttranscriptionally effect mrna stability and translation by targeting the 3-untranslated region ( 3-utr ) of various transcripts .
thus , dysregulation of mirna affects a wide range of cellular processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation inv... |
one of the few well - understood features of intensive care unit ( icu ) delirium is its association with poor patient outcome .
risk factor stratification is essential to the understanding , prevention and treatment of any disorder , and is a cornerstone of scientific endeavor in clinical research .
the largest st... | icu delirium is associated with poor patient outcome .
risk factor stratification is essential to the understanding , prevention and treatment of this disorder .
alcohol consumption , smoking and prior cognitive impairment appear strongly correlated with delirium risk .
several potentially modifiable associations... |
a common feature of aged organisms is functional alteration and gradual loss of muscle mass and force .
a deficit of muscle innervation due to motor - neuron loss is believed to have a major contribution to age - dependent muscle wasting , also called sarcopenia .
this age - acquired deficit in muscles contributes ... | summarythe cellular basis of age - related tissue deterioration remains largely obscure .
the ability to activate compensatory mechanisms in response to environmental stress is an important factor for survival and maintenance of cellular functions .
autophagy is activated both under short and prolonged stress and i... |
acute heart failure is a condition that is characterised by impaired myocardial function , whereby the heart can not supply sufficient o2 to the body tissues .
the common causes of heart failure include hypertension , coronary artery disease ( including previous myocardial infarction ) , atrial fibrillation , valvula... | introductionthe inodilator levosimendan was developed as a treatment for acutely decompensated severe chronic heart failure . in recent years
, its use has broadened to treatment of heart failure in different settings .
these include advanced chronic heart failure , and other scenarios where haemodynamic stability ... |
-n - methylamino - l - alanine ( bmaa ) is a nonprotein amino acid .
its molecular formula is c4h10n2o2 ( figure 1 ) , its cas number is 15920 - 93 - 1 , and it has a molar mass of 118.13 g / mol .
exposure to l - bmaa may cause neuronal death in the brains of humans and animals , and exposure may play a role in t... | the cyanobacterial neurotoxin -n - methylamino - l - alanine ( bmaa ) is considered to be an
excitotoxin , and its suggested mechanism of action is killing neurons . long - term exposure to l - bmaa is believed to lead to neurodegenerative diseases including parkinson 's and alzheimer 's diseases and amyotrophic lat... |
a 75-year - old male patient was emergently admitted to the hospital with gross hematuria , generalized abdominal pain , and oliguria of about 3 days ' duration .
he had undergone multimodal treatment for muscle - invasive bladder cancer ( stage t2 , urothelial cancer with sarcomatous differentiation ) with transuret... | spontaneous bladder perforation is a very rare event .
prompt diagnosis of this injury is very important , particularly with intraperitoneal perforation , because mortality increases if surgical repair is delayed .
previous studies have reported that plain cystography is the primary modality of imaging study rather... |
a girl aged 6 years 10 months who had down syndrome had atlantoaxial rotatory fixation with os odontoideum .
no neurologic symptoms and signs were present ; however , her neck showed wryneck ( the so - called cock robin position ) , and the range of motion was extremely limited because of severe neck pain . on plain ... | backgroundupper cervical spine instability is one of the most critical orthopedic problems in patients with down syndrome .
however , arthrodesis of the upper cervical spine in these patients can be very difficult to achieve and has a high complication rate because of mental retardation and accompanying various medic... |
we recruited 13 patients ( 12 men and 1 woman ) with type 2 diabetes for this study .
the study was conducted at the general clinical research center of the university of texas southwestern medical center at dallas .
the protocol for this study was approved by the institutional review board of the medical center , ... | objectivehigh levels of dietary fiber , especially soluble fiber , are recommended to lower serum cholesterol levels and improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes .
it is not clear , however , how high levels of fiber affect mineral balance.research design and methodsin a randomized crossover study , ... |
to date , one of the most understudied etiologies of older adults ' survival and longevity has been the role of their cognitive beliefs and worldviews that possibly interact with their functional and mental capacities to endure , challenge , overcome , and survive in the face of the numerous struggles and obstacles in ... | on the basis of postulates derived from cognitive - behavioral theory , research and therapy , the authors explored the extent to which older adults ' cognitive beliefs of a just world and their perspectives on future time and similarity or self - continuity with the future self are predictors of long - term survival .... |
being an invasive procedure , it is associated with complications that can be managed conservatively or require surgical intervention . in our case report , we discuss a patient who developed surgical emphysema following a therapeutic colonoscopy without any associated abdominal or chest symptoms and was managed conser... | colonoscopy is an invasive procedure used in the detection of colon cancer , inflammatory bowel disease and investigation of bleeding from the rectum .
in addition to diagnostic procedures , colonoscopy also has therapeutic indications such as polypectomy and dilation of strictures .
we present a case of a patient ... |
a feature of asthma ( especially severe asthma ) is airway remodelling , that is , increased smooth muscle mass , fibrosis , and excessive mucus production .
the epithelium plays a key role in the development of airway remodelling and inflammation as it represents the primary barrier to environmental exposures and al... | the aim of the current study was to evaluate primary ( human bronchial epithelial cells , hbec ) and non - primary ( calu-3 , beas-2b , beas-2b r1 ) bronchial epithelial cell culture systems as air - liquid interface- ( ali- ) differentiated models for asthma research .
ability to differentiate into goblet ( muc5ac+ ... |
while it is remarkable
to consider the sheer wealth and architectural
diversity of natural products that can be produced from a relatively
small set of starting materials , equally striking is the number of
structures within that collection that can be envisioned to arise
via the union of a secondary metaboli... | although dimeric
natural products can often be synthesized in the
laboratory by directly merging advanced monomers , these approaches
sometimes fail , leading instead to non - natural architectures via incorrect
unions .
such a situation arose during our studies of the coccinellid
alkaloids , when attempts ... |
the first description of a surgical technique for tonsillectomy was performed by aulus cornelius celsus , a roman physician of the time of christ , who extracted the tonsils using just his fingers.1 currently , tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in the world and the most common in otolaryngolog... | objective evaluate intraoperative cooling of the oropharynx to reduce postoperative pain in tonsillectomy using monopolar electrocautery .
methods sixty - six patients , age 1 to 12 years , were selected for the study , 33 in the control group and 33 in the experimental group .
after randomization , patients unde... |
kaposi 's sarcoma ( ks ) is a spindle - cell malignant low - grade vascular tumor associated with human herpesvirus 8 ( hhv-8 ) .
it was first published by the dermatologist moritz kaposi in the journal archiv fr dermatologie und syphilis , in 1872 . in the current literature ,
four main types of ks are described :... | cutaneous manifestations can occur in the wide range of internal malignancy .
they can occur by metastases or local spread , direct infiltration , or a site of primary malignancy itself .
sometimes these manifestations are related with an underlying malignancy but they do not contain malignant cells as paraneoplast... |
pregnancy - associated gastric cancer is rare , occurring in only 0.025% to 0.1% of all pregnancies.1 gastric cancer diagnosed during pregnancy can be a devastating situation for the mother and the fetus , and patients with gastric cancer diagnosed during pregnancy have a dismal prognosis.2 in many cases pregnancy - as... | pregnancy - associated gastric cancer is extremely rare . in many cases ,
it is diagnosed at an advanced stage because the symptoms during pregnancy are generally overlooked .
we report three cases of gastric cancer during pregnancy with various outcomes .
the first case included a patient with stage iv gastric c... |
obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) is a common sleep disorder and is characterized by repeated episodes of partial ( hypopnea ) or complete ( apnea ) obstruction of the upper airway during sleep due to pharyngeal collapse , resulting in recurrent chronic intermittent hypoxia and fragmentation of sleep.1 population - based... | backgroundprevious studies have demonstrated that obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) is associated with abnormal brain structural deficits .
however , little is known about the changes in local synchronization of spontaneous activity in patients with osa .
the primary aim of the present study was to investigate sponta... |
acute diabetic complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis and chronic micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications and their associated adverse outcomes are intimately related to suboptimal glycemic control in clinical practice .
each 1% reduction in the mean glycated hemoglobin ( hba1c ) has been shown to be ass... | backgroundpersistent suboptimal glycemic control is invariably associated with onset and progression of acute and chronic diabetic complications in diabetic patients . in uganda ,
studies documenting the magnitude and predictors of suboptimal glycemic control in adult ambulatory diabetic patients are limited .
this... |
ochrobactrum anthropi , formerly classified as achromobacter species or centers for disease control groups vd , is an aerobic , oxidase - producing , non - fermenting , gram - negative bacillus ( 1 ) . o. anthropi is a ubiquitous organism , which is widely distributed in the environment and water sources including norm... | we report a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis from ochrobactrum anthropi .
o. anthropi is recognized as an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised patients .
in contrast to most previously described cases , the patient reported here had no indwelling catheter . to our knowledge ,
no case of o. anthropi spo... |
importance of candida species in nursery and intensive care units ( icus ) is increasingly being recognized .
candida species account for 9 - 13% of all blood isolates in neonatal intensive care units ( nicus ) .
although c. albicans has historically been the most frequently isolated species , infections caused by ... | aims : to know the distribution and antifungal susceptibility pattern of candida species in neonatal septicemia cases.materials and methods : in a prospective analysis blood samples from 825 clinically suspected cases of neonatal septicemia , collected aseptically , were cultured to look for the role of candida spp . i... |
these mangroves have suffered extensively with urbanization and industrialization in coastal regions , and , over the years , extensive ecosystems have disappeared , ending many of their important functions , such as being buffers against coastal erosion , retaining some pollutants , and being fishery areas .
crabs a... | the bacteriological quality of crabs from three different mangroves ( itaca , suru , and piedade ) from rio de janeiro state , brazil , was investigated using conventional and molecular methods .
the results revealed high counts for total coliforms in meat and hepatopancreas samples .
pcr analyses identified 25 esc... |
the cerebellum has long been known to be a key structure in the integration of descending motor command and ascending sensory feedback which account for the fluency and coordination of movements . in cerebellar degenerative diseases such as spinal cerebral ataxia ( sca )
, the interlinked neural network is interrupte... | disrupted triphasic electromyography ( emg ) patterns of agonist and antagonist muscle pairs during fast goal - directed movements have been found in patients with hypermetria . since peripheral electrical stimulation ( es ) and motor training may modulate motor cortical excitability through plasticity mechanisms , we ... |
this report is of a bilobed testicle in a 12-year - old boy , which presented as an atypical testicular mass .
it is thought to be a variant of polyorchidism , which is associated with an increased risk of malignancy and testicular torsion . due to the extremely rare nature of bilobed testes
, it is important to re... | a bilobed testicle is an extremely rare congenital malformation , with only five cases published to date .
we present the case of a 12-year - old boy with a bilobed testicle .
with so few cases available , much of what is known about the management of this condition is based on cases of polyorchidism and the compli... |
in february october 2002 , as part of a broader study , we captured , banded , and marked 156 american crows ( c. brachyrhynchos ) in champaign and urbana , illinois ( yaremych sa .
many of the study crows died in the summer ; all recovered crows were tested for wnv .
dead crows were retrieved by tracking the radi... | a dipstick immunochromatographic assay used for west nile virus ( wnv ) detection in mosquitoes was investigated for application to testing of fecal , saliva , and tissue samples from dead american crows ( corvus brachyrhynchos ) .
results suggest that vectest may be an efficient method for wnv detection in field - c... |
this review shows the equal or greater importance of leaded gasoline - contaminated dust compared to lead - based paint to the child lead problem , and that soil lead , resulting from leaded gasoline and pulverized lead - based paint , is at least or more important than lead - based paint ( intact and not pulverized ) ... | |
the incidence of diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions and is one of the great biomedical challenges of the 21st century .
diabetes is classified as a group of chronic metabolic disorders that are characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to the insufficient production of insulin and/or peripher... | insulin resistance in skeletal muscle tissues and diabetes - related muscle weakness are serious pathophysiological problems of increasing medical importance . in order to determine global changes in the protein complement of contractile tissues due to diabetes mellitus
, mass - spectrometry - based proteomics has be... |
cystic fibrosis ( cf ) is a genetic disease characterized by increased viscosity of the bronchial mucus and impaired mucocilliary clearance which predisposes to microbial colonization and infections of the respiratory tract .
adult patients with cf have a high incidence of fungal colonization ( 42% ) and invasive dis... | arthrographis kalrae is a hyalin fungus .
it is a saprophyte of the environment , mainly found in soil and compost . in recent years
, cases of opportunistic infections attributed to this pathogen have been described .
our patient was a 19-year - old woman with cystic fibrosis .
she presented a bacterial and fu... |
drug hypersensitivity syndrome ( dhs ) refers to a severe , potentially life - threatening , drug reaction . to better individualize this drug reaction ,
the term , drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms ( dress ) syndrome has recently been used .
the most frequently involved organ is the liver , follow... | drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms ( dress ) syndrome reflects a serious hypersensitivity reaction to drugs , and is characterized by skin rash , fever , lymph node enlargement , and internal organ involvement .
so far , numerous drugs such as sulfonamides , phenobarbital , sulfasalazine , carbamazepin... |
bacterial artificial chromosome ( bac ) libraries have been used extensively for constructing physical maps of the human genome as well as for whole - genome sequencing projects .
these applications require the bac clones to be arrayed into the wells of microtiter plates for archiving single unique clones .
the loc... | we have developed a new approach to screen bacterial artificial chromosome ( bac ) libraries by recombination selection . to test this method
, we constructed an orangutan bac library using an e. coli strain ( dy380 ) with temperature inducible homologous recombination ( hr ) capability .
we amplified one library s... |
occupational science , a discipline concerned with human occupation and its situatedness in context ( whiteford , townsend , & hocking , 2000 ) and role and function in society ( clark et al .
, 1991 ; yerxa , 1990 ) , can not underplay its central role in theorizing about occupation ( ramugondo & kronenberg , 2015 )... | occupational consciousness refers to ongoing awareness of the dynamics of hegemony and recognition that dominant practices are sustained through what people do every day , with implications for personal and collective health .
the emergence of the construct in post - apartheid south africa signifies the country s ong... |
uterine serous carcinoma ( usc ) is an uncommon but aggressive form of endometrial adenocarcinoma .
its pattern of spread favors the peritoneum and upper abdomen , and thus adjuvant management is typically more aggressive than for the endometrioid subtypes , even when it presents in early stages . in the united state... | purposeto evaluate our institutional experience combining carboplatin - paclitaxel ( c / t ) chemotherapy with high - dose - rate ( hdr ) intra - vaginal brachytherapy ( ivb ) following comprehensive surgical staging in localized uterine serous carcinoma ( usc).material and methodsinstitutional chart review identified ... |
radical cystectomy is a definitive treatment for high - grade muscle - invasive bladder cancer .
however , it associates with significant serious medical ( e.g. , renal insufficiency , cardiovascular complications , pulmonary complications , and sepsis ) , surgical ( e.g. , uretero - intestinal anastomotic stricture ... | background : acute kidney injury ( aki ) is a common complication after surgery and increases costs , morbidity , and mortality of hospitalized patients . while radical cystectomy associates significantly with an increased risk of serious complications , including aki , risk factors of aki after radical cystectomy has ... |
hypersensitivity syndrome is an idiosyncratic , serious drug reaction that consists of a rash , fever , involvement of multiple visceral organs , and hematological abnormalities such as eosinophilia .
to better individualize drug hypersensitivity reaction and to distinguish the hypersensitivity reaction from drug - i... | drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms ( dress ) syndrome associated with anticonvulsant drugs is a rare but potentially life - threatening disease that occurs in response to arene oxide producing anticonvulsant such as phenytoin and carbamazepine .
there have been many reports of cross reactivity among th... |
during stage 9 of oogenesis , oskar mrna localizes to the posterior of the drosophila oocyte , where it nucleates the pole plasm , which contains the determinants that specify the germ cells and abdomen at the posterior of the embryo [ 13 ] .
this localization depends on the rna - binding proteins staufen and hrp48 a... | summarythe localization of oskar mrna to the posterior of the drosophila oocyte defines the site of assembly of the pole plasm , which contains the abdominal and germline determinants [ 13 ] .
oskar mrna localization requires the polarization of the microtubule cytoskeleton , which depends on the recruitment of par-... |
sixty - eight percent of the us adult population is overweight or obese and thus at increased risk of developing debilitating and costly illnesses , including , diabetes , cardiovascular disease , and depression .
while modest weight loss improves health , the vast majority of individuals who lose weight eventually... | the reasons for exercising that are featured in health communications brand exercise and socialize individuals about why they should be physically active . discovering
which reasons for exercising are associated with high - quality motivation and behavioral regulation is essential to promoting physical activity and w... |
as one of the most common malignant tumors derived from the gastrointestinal tract , esophagus carcinoma has a high incidence and mortality , and more than 300 000 people died from this cancer , making it the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide . due to various factors , including environment , diet , and mod... | backgroundmicrorna ( mir ) has been proved to be an important biomarker for tumors because it can regulate occurrence , progression , invasion , and metastasis of cancer .
a previous study has shown the involvement of mir-503 in multiple gastrointestinal tumors .
its detailed role and immune regulatory function in ... |
calculating nonsynonymous ( ka ) and synonymous ( ks ) substitution rates is of great significance in reconstructing phylogeny and understanding evolutionary dynamics of protein - coding sequences across closely related and yet diverged species 1 .
, 2 . , 3 .. it is known that ka and ks , or often their ratio ( ka /... | kaks_calculator is a software package that calculates nonsynonymous ( ka ) and synonymous ( ks ) substitution rates through model selection and model averaging . since existing methods for
this estimation adopt their specific mutation ( substitution ) models that consider different evolutionary features , leading to ... |
cancer remains a major problem worldwide with 12.7 million new cases diagnosed in 2008 . in the uk alone
, 331,000 people were diagnosed with cancer in 2011 . despite major advances in detection and treatment of cancer as well as the introduction of several cancer screening programmes ,
outcomes following cancer re... | introduction . the systemic inflammatory response ( sir ) plays a key role in determining nutritional status and survival of patients with cancer .
a number of objective scoring systems have been shown to have prognostic value ; however , their application in routine clinical practice is not clear .
the aim of the ... |
glucose transport protein type 1 ( glut1 ) delivers glucose to the brain from bloodstream and is therefore crucial for an adequate energy provision .
glut1 deficiency syndrome , inducing a chronic brain energy failure , is caused by mutations of the solute carrier family 2 ( facilitated glucose transporter ) member 1... | the glucose transport protein type 1 ( glut1 ) deficit causes a chronic brain energy failure .
the classic phenotype of glut1 deficiency syndrome is characterized by : mild to severe motor delay and mental retardation ; infantile - onset epilepsy ; head growth deceleration ; movement disorders ( ataxia , dystonia , s... |
a maxillary sinus lift procedure is an established method used to provide a sufficient bone volume for implant placement in patients with a severely atrophied posterior maxilla [ 1 - 3 ] .
the use of autogenous bone in sinus augmentation is believed to be a superior method because of the reproducible healing mechanis... | abstractobjectivesthe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical , radiographic and histologic results when a highly purified xenogenic bone ( laddec ) was used as grafting material in maxillary sinuses.material and methodsin fifteen patients requiring unilateral maxillary sinus augmentation , the grafting procedur... |
trichoadenoma is a rare benign tumor , with multiple cystic structures closely resembling the infundibular structures of the hair follicle .
it presents as a non - specific nodule over the face or buttocks , however , unusual sites such as the neck , upper arm , thigh shoulder , and shaft of the penis may also be aff... | trichoadenoma of nikolowski is a rare , benign , well differentiated , slowly growing tumor of the hair follicle which was first described in 1958 by nikolowski .
it usually occurs as a solitary nodular lesion between 3 and 15 mm in diameter .
it commonly occurs on the face or the buttocks .
herein we report a ca... |
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