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( sun tzu , the art of war , c.500 bc ) the challenge of conducting high - quality clinical studies in the critically ill population is widely recognised . heterogeneity in patient populations and clinical practice , diagnostic uncertainty , concerns with consent , and the overlapping nature of the presenting illness...	quality research , requiring large numbers of participants , in the intensive care unit ( icu ) population requires multicentre collaboration . although logistically challenging , this methodology reduces the influence of individual units and has greater validity and broader relevance to patients and practitioners . ...
we performed the pituitary gland biopsy and histochemical examination glucocorticoid therapy in a subject with igg4-related hypophysitis . this case report provides the possibility that igg4 level is decreased spontaneously or with a physiological dose of glucocorticoid therapy . we reported the clinical course of ...	a 76-year - old man had a hypopituitarism including adrenal insufficiency , hypogonadism and hypothyroidism . based on various findings including the swelling of the pituitary gland , increase of serum igg4 level and abundant igg4-positive plasma cell infiltration in immunostaining of the pituitary gland , we diagnos...
this prospective , cross - sectional study had ethical approval from the north west london research ethics committee ( rec number 10/h0720/21 ) . a total of 110 patients with afd ( 60 heterozygous females , 50 hemizygous males ) were recruited between april 2011 and february 2012 from the lysosomal storage disorders ...	objectiveto estimate the prevalence of prodromal clinical features of neurodegeneration in patients with anderson - fabry disease ( afd ) in comparison to age - matched controls.methodsthis is a single - center , prospective , cross - sectional study in 167 participants ( 60 heterozygous females and 50 hemizygous males...
steroid hormones are molecules , mainly produced by endocrine glands such as the adrenal gland , gonads and placenta , involved in the control of many physiological processes mainly in the periphery , from reproductive behaviour to stress response . in 1981 , baulieu and co - workers were the first to demonstrate stero...	hormonal deficit in post - menopausal women has been proposed to be one risk factor in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) since two thirds of ad patients are women . however , large treatment trials showed negative effects of long - term treatment with oestrogens in older women . thus , oestrogen treatment after menopause i...
nerve injury and specifically trigeminal nerve injury is known as a potential risk of many surgical procedures in the oral cavity in general [ 17 , 23 , 30 ] . usually after oral implant rehabilitation , the patient expects and experiences significant improvements , not only regarding jaw function , but also in relat...	the aim of the study was to assess past and present neurosensory disturbances using a questionnaire and a psychophysical approach in patients treated with immediate loaded implants in the edentulous anterior mandible . a group of 65 patients ( age range 3084 years , mean 58 years , 30 women ) was enrolled . all w...
the longevity of a ceramic restoration appears to be linked to its physical and mechanical properties , as well as reliable bonding between the restoration and the tooth . in order to obtain effective bonding between feldspathic ceramics and the tooth substrate , surface treatment is necessary for both the inte...	objective the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feldspathic ceramic surface cleaning on micro - shear bond strength and ceramic surface morphology . material and methods forty discs of feldspathic ceramic were prepared and etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 2 minutes . the discs were randomly d...
the ccc study ( n = 1423 ) , established in 2003 , is an open prospective cohort of hiv - hcv coinfected individuals recruited from 19 centers across canada and represents approximately 23% of the coinfected population under care . at visits every 6 months , sociodemographic , medical , and behavioral information is c...	background . liver fibrosis progresses faster in individuals coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) and hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) . interferon 3 ( ifn-3 ) has both antiviral and proinflammatory properties . genotypes at ifnl single - nucleotide proteins ( snps ; rs12979860cc and rs8099917tt ) are link...
malaria is the most important and common parasitic disease in the world caused by a protozoan of the genus plasmodium . four species including plasmodium falciparum , p. vivax , p. ovale and p. malariae cause the disease in human ( 1 ) . more recently p. knowlesi is supposed to be the fifth species of human malaria...	backgroundone of the most important enzymatic disorders that interact with malaria is deficiency of g6pd ( gloucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ) . this enzyme protects red blood cells from hydrogen peroxide and other oxidative damages . distribution of this enzyme deficiency usually accompanies with low level distri...
differential diagnoses for the relatively rare nasopharyngeal cysts include tornwaldt s disease , rathke s cleft cyst , intra - adenoid cyst , branchial cysts , and pseudocysts.1 here we report a case in which the presence of nasopharyngeal cysts was indicated as hampering nasal continuous positive airway pressure ( ...	a woman in her 50s was referred to our department with the chief complaint of nasal congestion and pharyngeal discomfort . the patient had been diagnosed with sleep apnea at the department of internal medicine , and had undergone nasal continuous positive airway pressure ( ncpap ) therapy , but her response to the tr...
rna molecules are not merely simple carriers of genetic information but can assemble into complex tertiary structures and even catalyze reactions . in fact , the existence of catalytic rna molecules ( ribozymes ) has led to the proposition of the rna world hypothesis . in modern cells , rna molecules cataly...	we have developed a hidden markov model and optimization procedure for photon - based single - molecule fret data , which takes into account the trace - dependent background intensities . this analysis technique reveals an unprecedented amount of detail in the folding kinetics of the diels alderase ribozym...
increasing evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance . the inflammatory status of the liver and adipose tissue , the main insulin - resistance - related organs , is critical for insulin sensitivity of the whole body [ 3 , 4 ] . during development of inflammat...	we investigated the effects of apocynin on high - fat diet- ( hfd- ) induced insulin resistance in c57bl/6 mice . after 12 weeks of hfd , the mice that exhibited insulin resistance then received 5 weeks of apocynin ( 2.4 g / l , in water ) . following apocynin treatment , fasting glucose , insulin , and glucose to...
acquired hemophilia a ( aha ) is a relatively rare and life - threatening bleeding disorder caused by spontaneous development of autoantibodies against factor viii ( fviii ) . the reported annual incidence of aha is of the order of 1.5 individuals per million ( 1 ) . the disease most commonly presents as spontaneou...	acquired hemophilia a ( aha ) is a relatively rare and life - threatening bleeding disorder whose pathogenesis is not completely understood . the present study reports a rare case of immunogubulin ( igg)4-related aha with multisystemic involvement . a 55-year old male patient presented with symptoms of bronchial asth...
kinesin is a molecular motor that transports organelles along a microtubule ( mt ) using the energy of atp hydrolysis . conventional kinesin is highly processive and can move across hundreds of tubulin dimers ( > 1 m ) without dissociating from the mt ( howard et al . , 1989 ; block et al . , 1990 ) . this processi...	interaction of kinesin - coated latex beads with a single microtubule ( mt ) was directly observed by fluorescence microscopy . in the presence of atp , binding of a kinesin bead to the mt facilitated the subsequent binding of other kinesin beads to an adjacent region on the mt that extended for micrometers in length...
since antibiotics were first discovered in 1928 , they have been widely used in human and animal medicine . however , most antibiotics are excreted and enter the soil or water environments through wastewater and fertilization with manure ( kmmerer , 2003 ) . antibiotic contamination of the natural environment has bee...	southeast asia has become the center of rapid industrial development and economic growth . however , this growth has far outpaced investment in public infrastructure , leading to the unregulated release of many pollutants , including wastewater - related contaminants such as antibiotics . antibiotics are of major c...
there is a growing body of evidence that the endocrine , nutritional and metabolic milieu during the fetal period may have lifelong programming effects.[14 ] therefore , it is possible to propose that newborns of the women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) are exposed to an abnormal metabolic milieu during fetal ...	background : this study aimed to assess the metabolic parameters and androgen concentration in the cord blood of newborns of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) in comparison with controls.materials and methods : this cross - sectional study was conducted in 2010 - 2011 in isfahan , iran . biochemical tes...
white sponge nevus ( wsn ) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis affecting the oral mucosa in the majority of the cases . other less frequently affected sites include the nasal , esophageal , rectal and vaginal mucosa . wsn was first reported by hyde in 1909 , and cannon coined the term white sponge nevus i...	white sponge nevus ( wsn ) is an interesting hereditary oral mucosal disorder that commonly manifests as bilaterally symmetrical , thickened white , corrugated or velvety , diffuse plaques that predominantly affects the buccal mucosa . the lesions may develop at birth or later in childhood or adolescence . because it...
complete formation of the root and closure of the apical foramen continues for up to 3 years following eruption of the tooth . if the pulp of young permanent teeth is damaged before the closure of the apical foramen , pulp necrosis may occur . in immature teeth , dentinal tubules are wide and allow the penetration ...	treatment of nonvital immature permanent teeth with calcium - hydroxide is associated with some difficulties such as weakened tooth fracture , root canal reinfection and long treatment time . mineral trioxide aggregate ( mta ) apical plug method is an alternative treatment option for open apices , and has gained popu...
one of the most daunting complications of cardiac catheterization is a cerebrovascular event ( cve ) . stroke after cardiac catheterization procedures occurs mostly in older patients with vascular comorbidities , undergoing complicated invasive procedures . the incidence of stroke following percutaneous coronary in...	backgroundone of the most daunting complications of cardiac catheterization is a cerebrovascular event ( cve ) . we aimed to assess the reallife incidence , etiology , and risk factors of cardiac catheterizationrelated acute cves in a large cohort of patients treated in a single center.methods and resultswe undertook...
fournier 's gangrene is a rare and often fulminant necrotising fasciitis of the perineum and genital region frequently due to a synergistic polymicrobial infection . the condition was first described as a disease of young adults of unknown cause by fournier in 1888 . others are local conditions like perianal suppur...	background . fournier 's gangrene is uncommon but increasingly being seen over the last two decades probably due to increasing socioeconomic problems including an upsurge in hiv infection especially in the tropics . patients and methods . the study retrospectively reviewed all patients with fournier 's gangrene m...
grid laser treatment was performed in both eyes seven months ago . in spite of seven months of follow - up after grid laser with good systemic control , persistent csme was found in both the eyes with central macular thickness ( cmt ) of 311 m and 452 m in the right and left eye respectively [ figs . intravitreal b...	we report on the significant improvement of central macular thickness in a case of clinically significant macular edema after dexamethasone 0.7 mg sustained - release intravitreal implant ( ozurdex ; allergan , inc , irvine , ca , usa ) . patient presented to us with persistent clinically significant macular edema ( ...
	common fragile sites ( cfss ) tend to break upon replication stress and have been suggested to be hot spots for genomic instability . recent evidence , however , implies that in the wake of dna damage , ww domain - containing oxidoreductase ( wwox , the gene product of the fra16d fragile site ) , associates with at...
	isolated nuclei from mammalian cells contain a calcium - dependent endonuclease . the produced dna fragmentation is a necessary step in the sequence of events resulting in apoptosis ( programmed cell death ) . we report here that zinc and cadmium inhibit the calcium - dependent endonuclease . the essential metal ...
local analgesia , which allows a virtually pain - free treatment , plays a crucial role in paediatric dental practice . articaine is a commonly used local analgesic that was introduced to the german market in 1976 . experts have said that it may be the analgesic of choice in children over 4 years of age ( nizharad...	aimin paediatric dentistry , epinephrine may contribute to systemic and local side - effects . on the other hand it is necessary to provide good and safe local analgesia . therefore , an articaine solution with reduced epinephrine concentration was tested in a clinical setting.methodsin a non - interventional clini...
however , predictors used in those models are often not actionable , as they are typically based on demographic ( e.g. , age , race / ethnicity ) or clinical data ( e.g. , medical history , billing or laboratory data ) . in our previous work , we aimed to identify a subset of high - risk patients with reversible risk...	the purpose of this study was to validate a previously developed heart failure readmission predictive algorithm based on psychosocial factors , develop a new model based on patient - reported symptoms from a telemonitoring program , and assess the impact of weight fluctuations and other factors on hospital readmission ...
acinar cell carcinoma ( acc ) of the pancreas is a rare tumor that is estimated to account for 12% of all pancreatic exocrine tumors [ 1 , 2 ] . because of the lack of clinical experience with acc , its pathophysiology is not well understood . according to previous reports , acc generally shows expansive growth witho...	pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma ( acc ) is a rare tumor , and its pathophysiology has not been well understood . treatment strategies for hepatic metastasis originating from acc remain controversial . we report the case of a 66-year - old woman who had undergone total pancreatectomy from acc 7 years prior to clini...
partial or complete portal vein thrombosis ( pvt ) complicates 5 - 26% of liver cirrhosis cases , and is primarily related to stagnant portal venous blood flow in the setting of portal hypertension . the presence of pvt negatively impacts liver transplant patients ; not only are auxiliary ( intraoperative thrombectom...	maintenance of portal venous patency is vital to liver transplant candidates , as the presence of portal vein thrombosis ( pvt ) adversely impacts clinical outcomes by increasing surgical complexity and decreasing postoperative survival . by enhancing portal venous blood flow , transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic s...
lung abscess literally means a collection of pus within a destroyed portion of the lung . therefore , the basic treatment of lung abscess consists of drainage and antibiotic therapy , which are the cornerstones of appropriate nonoperative management , with surgery reserved for special circumstances . bronchoscopy h...	the use of the fiberoptic bronchoscope as a drainage procedure for lung abscess has become more and more widespread . we have recently adopted the technique of inserting a simple polyethylene catheter through the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope into the abscess cavity of 11 patients with lung absess . all cases ha...
a parotid fistula is a rare and extremely unpleasant complication following surgery in the maxillofacial region . parotid fistulae have been reported following surgery in the temporomandibular joint ( tmj ) region , parotidectomy or secondary to drainage of facial / parotid abscess , and the incidence reported is as ...	parotid fistula is a very rare , unpleasant and painful complication following surgery in the maxillofacial region . although there is consensus in the literature that acute parotid injury must be explored primarily and all injured structures be repaired accurately , the treatment of the chronic injury is controversi...
figure 6 outlines the fabrication process of our devices . we start with a commercial silicon on insulator ( soi , from soitec ) substrate with a 340 nm p - type ( 7 10 cm ) si layer on top of a 2 m buried oxide ( box ) . first , a 100 nm sin mask is deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition ( pec...	we report an on - chip integrated metal graphene silicon plasmonic schottky photodetector with 85 ma / w responsivity at 1.55 m and 7% internal quantum efficiency . this is one order of magnitude higher than metal silicon schottky photodetectors operated in the same conditions . at a reverse bias of 3 v , ...
ischemic stroke is a disease with substantial etiologic heterogeneity , including large artery atherothrombotic disease , small artery atherothrombotic disease , cardioembolism , and other subtypes . hmg - coa reductase inhibitors , or statins , are established therapeutic agents for the prevention of atherosclerot...	abstractit remains unclear whether statin therapy should be applied to ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation . the objective of this study was to clarify whether statin therapy can influence the prognosis in recent ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation.we identified ischemic stroke patients wi...
extravasation refers to the unintended leakage of a liquid formulation of a drug from blood vessels into surrounding tissues . extravasation of anticancer drugs administered by intravenous infusion constitutes a serious adverse event associated with chemotherapy . in particular , the extravasation of drugs with ves...	abstracta massive extravasation of pegylated - liposomal doxorubicin ( doxil ) accidentally occurred , affecting the right forearm of a 54-year - old woman with metastatic ovarian cancer who was receiving an intravenous infusion of the drug . in accordance with the institutional guidelines for vesicant drugs , a cort...
the celiac trunk ( ct ) is the first ventral branch of abdominal aorta and arises at the level of t12/l1 . the main branches of ct include left gastric , common hepatic , and splenic arteries . ct supplies the primary organs of the supracolic abdominal compartment . after arising from ct , the common hepatic arte...	celiac trunk usually trifurcates and supplies the organs in the supracolic compartment . the vascular variations are common in this region . there are reports on the variant course of right hepatic artery ( rha ) . the tortuous rha forming a caterpillar hump is a rare finding and also its providing origin to gast...
approximately 20% of undescended testes are truly impalpable , and laparoscopy is actually regarded as the gold standard for their localization ; none of the currently available imaging techniques ( ultrasound , computerized tomography , or magnetic resonance imaging ) has proven to be 100% reliable in predicting the p...	the diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopy for impalpable testis is well recognized . however , in some cases , laparoscopic findings may be misleading , and a viable gonad may be missed with significant medico - legal implications . from january 1993 to december 2000 , 202 patients with 219 impalpable testes were evaluate...
the significance of low - level laser in clinical medicine began with the important works of endre mester . in recent years , the various clinical applications of low - level laser therapy ( lllt ) have mainly been based on previous scientific works concerning the effect of low - level lasers , which exert a positive...	objectivethe aim of the study reported here was to investigate the possible clinical role of low - level laser therapy ( lllt ) in discogenic back pain patients who failed to respond to a conventional physical therapy program to avoid recourse to operative intervention.methodsthe paper reports on the long - term mean 5...
intravenous thrombolysis using a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator ( rtpa ) and , more recently , endovascular mechanical thrombectomy has been shown to improve the clinical outcomes of patients presenting acute ischemic stroke when it is used within the first 4.5- 6 h after the onset of the symptoms . however...	backgroundpatients who wake up having experienced a stroke while asleep represent around 20% of acute stroke admissions . according to international guidelines for the management of acute stroke , patients presenting with wake - up stroke are not currently eligible to receive revascularization treatments . in this stud...
incisional ( postoperative ventral ) hernia is an iatrogenic abdominal wall defect that occurs at the site of previous incision following breakdown in the continuity of the fascia closure . it has been described as a bulge visible and palpable when the patient is standing and often requiring support and repair . it i...	background / aim : incisional hernia is still relatively common in our practice . the aim of the study was to identify risk factors associated with incisional hernia in our region . the setting is the obafemi awolowo university teaching hospitals complex , ile - ife , nigeria during a period when prosthetic mesh was ...
primary disorders of tendons are common and account for a high proportion of referrals to rheumatologists and orthopaedic surgeons . the most commonly involved tendons are the rotator cuff ( particularly supraspinatus ) in the shoulder , the forearm extensor ( tennis elbow ) and flexor tendons ( golfers elbow ) in th...	tendon disorders tendinopathies are the primary reason for musculoskeletal consultation in primary care and account for up to 30% of rheumatological consultations . whilst the molecular pathophysiology of tendinopathy remains difficult to interpret the disease process involving repetitive stress , and cellular load p...
iatrogenic injury of the lumbar arteries after spinal surgery is a rare complication5 - 9 ) . it may result in the formation of a pseudoaneurysm and consequent acute or delayed retroperitoneal hemorrhage . because pseudoaneurysm develops gradually from a focal arterial wall disruption however , this condition may l...	a 55-year - old female patient presented with lower back pain and neurogenic intermittent claudication and underwent l3-l4 posterolateral fusion . to prepare the bone fusion bed , the transverse process of l3 and l4 was decorticated with a drill . on the 9th post - operative day , the patient complained of a sudden o...
the goal of platelet transfusion is to stop or prevent bleeding in thrombocytopenic patients or those with platelet dysfunction [ 1 - 3 ] . bleeding is a relatively uncommon cause of death in non - trauma patients but can be a significant morbid event at worst and , at best , quite upsetting for patients , families ,...	over the last half century , platelet transfusion has been an effective therapy for the prevention and treatment of bleeding , particularly in patients with hematologic malignancies . recent randomized trials have demonstrated that current practices may be suboptimal in a number of ways . the rationale for parsimon...
hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) is a hepatotrophic virus that causes a major global health problem . an estimated 2 billion individuals have been infected with hbv and approximately 350 million have the chronic disease . although the mechanism of hbv pathogenesis remains elusive , host genetic factors are proposed to gov...	backgroundkiller cell immunoglobulin - like receptors ( kirs ) are a family of inhibitory and activating receptors expressed by natural killer ( nk ) cells and regulate nk cell activity in the innate response against viral infections . the aim of this study was to determine the possibility of kir genes and genotypes ...
obesity has become an increasingly important global health problem . currently , 13% of the world 's adult population aged 18 years and older are obese , with a body mass index ( bmi ) 30 kg / m . in 20082011 , 23% of the male and 24% of the female adult population in germany had a bmi 30 kg / m . bariatric sur...	background . the amount of excess weight loss ( % ewl ) among obese patients after bariatric surgery varies greatly . however , reliable predictors have not been established yet . the present study evaluated the preoperative psychological burden , coping style , and motivation to lose weight as factors determining ...
acute rejection ( ar ) is a major risk factor for chronic allograft nephropathy and renal allograft failure after kidney transplantation . the banff classification criteria divided ar into acute cellular rejection ( acr ) and acute humoral rejection . t cell mediated rejection , as it is associated with cytotoxic ...	background . it is controversial whether lymphocyte infiltration exhibited in biopsy specimens is associated with transplant outcomes . this study focused on the effect of cd20-positive b cell infiltration in biopsy specimens from allografts with acute cellular rejection ( acr ) in a chinese population . methods . ...
in the last two decades , li - ion batteries ( libs ) have occupied the portable - electronics market as a primary power supplier with a higher gravimetric and volumetric capacity than other rechargeable - battery systems ( e.g. , ni cd , lead acid , redox - flow , and metal - ion batteries ) . however , current li...	si has been considered as a promising alternative anode for next - generation li - ion batteries ( libs ) because of its high theoretical energy density , relatively low working potential , and abundance in nature . however , si anodes exhibit rapid capacity decay and an increase in the internal resistance , which ar...
the pregnancy - associated glycoproteins ( pags ) constitute a large group of proteins belonging to the aspartic proteinase superfamily expressing in the placenta of eutherian mammals . pags are acidic glycoprotein sharing more than 50% amino acid sequence identities with pepsin , cathepsin d and e . they are secre...	the present study was conducted to design and analyze the structural model of buffalo pregnancy - associated glycoprotein-1 ( pag-1 ) using bioinformatics . structural modeling of the deduced buffalo pag-1 protein was done using phyre , consurf servers and its structure was subsequently constructed using modeller 9.9...
anaesthesia for mediastinal masses presents a topic for debate as to the questionable advantages of general anaesthesia ( g.a . ) . however , successful management with minimal complications is reported of late due to well - balanced g.a . in such surgeries . the mediastinum is the most common site of chest masses ...	we report the management of two paediatric cases undergoing median sternotomy and right lateral thoracotomy for mediastinal mass . an 8-year - old boy presented with a history of intermittent fever and episodes of respiratory illness since 3 years and a 16-year - old girl presented with dyspnoea , cough , fever and d...
use of radioactive pharmaceuticals for diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures is one of the main sources of radiation exposure resulting from ionizing radiation to populations . annual assessment of patients absorbed dose can give a quantitative estimate of per capita population absorbed dose . risk of exposure to ...	purpose : use of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures is one of the main sources of radiation exposure . we performed this study with respect to the rapid growth in nuclear medicine in iran and lack of updated statistics.materials and methods : the data were obtained for all active nuclear me...
the study of k - string composition of long dna sequences including complete genomes is a natural extension of g + c content , i.e. , k = 1 , analysis . using k values greater than 1 takes into account short - range ( up to k 1 ) correlations of nucleotides and enhances species - specific features in the sequence . ...	an interactive tool to visualize the k - string composition of long dna sequences including bacterial complete genomes is described . it is especially useful for exploring short palindromic structures in the sequences . the seedna program runs on red hat linux with gtk+ support . it displays two - dimensional ( 2...
mesenchymal cells are precursors for a varied group of connective tissue cells including endothelial cells , smooth muscle cells , pericytes , chondroblasts , adipocytes , osteoblasts , odontoblasts , and fibroblasts . the interrelationships between cell lineages and differentiation potential contribute to wide range...	fibroblasts are a major stromal cell type present in human connective tissue maintaining the structural integrity in health . depending on the situation , location and various conditions , fibroblasts exhibit considerable variation in morphology , size and shape that suggest the existence of discrete cellular subsets ....
it makes sense to prioritise actions on the small number of behavioural factors which are the leading determinants of health.1 2 on the contrary , other more costly technocratic approaches seem to be playing the dominant role in current public health policies . emphasising medical devices over lifestyles can potent...	a dangerous distortion of priorities seems to be currently apparent in the dominant approaches to major public health problems , including cardiovascular disease , diabetes , obesity , cancer and some infectious diseases . relevant examples suggest an apparently inappropriate tendency to prioritise technocratic , par...
syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by infection with the bacterium treponema pallidum whose diagnosis remains elusive . the introduction of penicillin approximately 60 years ago along with public health improvements led to a decline in syphilis infection rates.1 however , after the rise of acquired imm...	syphilis is a chronic systemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium treponema pallidum . gastric involvement and nephrotic syndrome are uncommon but well documented complications of syphilis , but the co - occurrence of these two complications in the same patient is extremely rare . thus , because of their no...
partial - thickness rotator cuff tears ( ptrcts ) have the potential to cause significant pain and disability in affected patients . after failed conservative management , operative intervention is typically indicated for patients with persistent symptoms . surgical treatment is generally limited to tear debridemen...	background : partial - thickness rotator cuff tears ( ptrcts ) are being diagnosed more often because of high - resolution magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) . compared with articular and bursal side tears , there have been few studies about evaluating the clinical and structural outcomes after intratendinous tear re...
throughout the 70 s of the 20th century , investigations on a new class of pharmacologically active substances actoprotectors ( aids for improving human s physical and mental efficiency ) were guided by professor vladimir vinogradov . these investigations resulted from the development of the first and the most common...	actoprotectors are preparations that increase the mental performance and enhance body stability against physical loads without increasing oxygen consumption . actoprotectors are regarded as a subclass of adaptogens that hold a significant capacity to increase physical performance . the focus of this article is stud...
bacterial infection in newborns , especially preterm , may rapidly evolve into generalized sepsis . this condition has a gradual and subtle onset , with nonspecific symptoms that may severely compromise the infant s clinical state if untreated and lead to life - threatening consequences . neonatal sepsis ...	aim . to determine serum il-1 , il-6 , il-8 , and tnf- levels in neonatal sepsis at the time of diagnosis and after therapy , and to show the meaningful on the follow up . methods . this prospective study was performed on newborns who were hospitalized for neonatal sepsis and who were classified as culture - prov...
the physical and mechanical properties of photo - cured composites are directly influenced by the level of conversion attained during polymerization . the degree of conversion ( dc ) is determined by the proportion of the remaining concentration of the aliphatic c = c double bonds in a cured sample relative to the to...	infrared spectroscopy is one of the most widely used techniques for measurement of conversion degree in dental composites . however , to obtain good quality spectra and quantitative analysis from spectral data , appropriate expertise and knowledge of the technique are mandatory . this paper presents important details...
nonsteroidal , plant - derived compounds that disrupt or mimic the normal action of estradiol are referred to as phytoestrogens . those that disrupt or mimic the action of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone are referred to as phytoandrogens . these chemicals influence endocrine activity in animals an...	the low incidence of prostate cancer in asians has been attributed to chemopreventative properties of certain chemicals found in their diet . this study characterized the androgenic and chemopreventative properties of the jamaican bush tea bizzy , using androgen receptor positive and negative cell lines . exposur...
congenital heart disease encompasses a variety of lesions that may include communication / s between the left and the right side of the heart . such communications may cause volume overload in the short and medium term , possibly resulting in heart failure , or irreversible complications in the long term such as eise...	over the last few years , a vast variety of devices have been developed to close various septal defects through the transcatheter route . haemolysis has been documented after amplatzer device closure of patent ductus arteriousus , atrial septal defect , and ventricular septal defect . we report one patient with sel...
nosocomial infections , also called healthcare - associated infections are those infections acquired by a patients as a result of treatment in a hospital , clinic or healthcare service centre . these infections generally appear 48 hours or more after hospital admission or within 30 days after discharge . they occur b...	nosocomial infections are infections acquired by a patient as a result of treatment in a hospital or healthcare service providing center and symptoms occurs within a short period of hospitalization . the study was to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of escherichia coli isolated from kumasi - south , tafo ...
autistic spectrum disorder ( asd ) is seen in all races , cultures , and societies . asds are also known as pervasive developmental disorders ( pdds ) . in diagnostic and statistical manual - text revised ( dsm - iv - tr ) , pdds included autism , asperger s , pdd - not otherwise specified ( pdd - nos ) , disintegrat...	background : most of the studies about parenting stress among parents of children with autistic spectrum disorder ( asd ) have been conducted in western societies . the objective of this research , conducted in iran , is to evaluate the parenting stress among fathers and mothers of children with asd and find the correl...
according to a recent survey conducted by harvard school of public health and alzheimer 's europe consortium on alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , dementia of the alzheimer 's type is a major cause of health concern in adults . a similar trend is predicted in most countries in sub - saharan africa ( ssa ) where the propor...	objectives . to review epidemiologic studies on the prevalence , incidence , and risk factors of dementia in sub - saharan africa ( ssa ) . methods . a medline search ( from january 1992 to december 31 , 2013 ) of epidemiologic studies , with no language restriction , was conducted using the keywords dementia or al...
almost 170 million people are infected with hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) globally , which accounts for 2 to 2.2 percent of world population . the virus prevalence is various in different countries and has been reported between 0.1% and 12% . the main routes of this virus transmission are through blood , sexual contact...	aimthis study was designed to evaluate the frequency of antibody against these viruses in individuals attending the endoscopy ward of taleghani hospital tehran , iran.backgroundblood-borne viruses such as hepatitis b and hepatitis c virus and htlv-1 virus are among the world s public health problems . hepatitis virus...
ultrasound has been widely used for rapid assessment of critical illness and is regarded as a visual stethoscope . there are few reports on the diagnosis of intracranial lesions by ultrasound in icu patients . here we present a multiple trauma patient who had undergone craniectomy and in whom recurrent intraventric...	ultrasound may be a useful tool to evaluate intracranial abnormalities in critically ill patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy . we present a multiple trauma patient who had undergone craniectomy and in whom recurrent intraventricular hemorrhage and patterns of cerebral blood flow were rapidly detected by ult...
the holt oram syndrome is characterized by congenital cardiovascular malformations and skeletal abnormalities of the upper limbs , hence , the terms heart - hand syndrome and heart upper - limb syndrome . arm deformity covers a wide range of anomalies extending from minor abnormalities , through to serious , even...	introductionthe holt oram syndrome is a rare congenital disorder involving the skeletal and cardiovascular systems . it is characterized by upper limb deformities and cardiac malformations , atrial septal defects in particular.presentation of casefour consecutive patients 115 years old with the holt oram syndrome ...
hba1c is a retrospective analyte of the carbohydrate metabolism reflecting the mean blood glucose levels during the last 6 to 8 weeks . clinical studies revealed a close relation between late diabetic complications and the concentration of glycated proteins in blood . therefore hba1c determination is widely used to...	glycated haemoglobin ( hba1c ) measurements are used in clinical studies and for the management of diabetic patients . various efforts were made to standardize the hba1c measurements with consensus standards and standards based on a reference measurement procedure with external calibration . according to iso 17511 ...
the mammary gland is currently the only readily available animal bioreactor , but optimized expression vector construction is required for transgenic expression of recombinant proteins , and expression vectors still have strides to make [ 1 , 2 ] . one strategy for optimized expression vectors includes using elements...	to improve nutrient content of goat milk , we describe the construction of a vector ( pblac ) containing a hybrid goat -lactoglobulin ( blg ) promoter / cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) enhancer . we also describe the generation of transgenic goats expressing rhla by somatic cell nuclear transfer ( scnt ) . of 334 one - cell ...
albuminuria ( i.e. , urinary albumin , or ua ) is defined as an abnormally high amount of albumin in the urine and is a strong sign of early renal damage [ 14 ] . in type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic subjects , albuminuria is also associated with early- and long - term cardiovascular mortality [ 5 , 6 ] . elevated ua...	background . this study investigated an association between systemic absolute neutrophil count ( anc ) and albuminuria in elderly chinese people . methods . a cross - sectional study was conducted on 2265 participants attending a routine medical examination in minhang district as part of a platform of chronic disea...
nocturnal enuresis ( ne ) is defined as nighttime bedwetting after developmental age when bladder control should have been established . anatomical and functional integrity of noradrenaline , dopamine and serotonin systems is required for continence . iatrogenic ne is an adverse event commonly reported in patients ta...	nocturnal enuresis is a common disorder in childhood , but its pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated . iatrogenic nocturnal enuresis has been described following treatment with several psychotropic medications . herein , we describe a 6-year - old child who experienced nocturnal enuresis duri...
a total of fifty male wistar rats ( taconic ) , 12 weeks old , with a weight of approximately 360 g at arrival , were placed in makrolon iii cages in an open system , with five animals in each cage . they were kept under standard laboratory conditions with 12 h dark12 h light cycles and temperature 22 1c ...	fish oil ( fo ) has been shown to have anti - inflammatory properties in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease , but how fish peptides ( fp ) influence intestinal inflammation has been less studied . male wistar rats , divided into five groups , were included in a 4-week dietary intervention study . of th...
the presence of postoperative seromadesis is common , corresponding to the presence of serum in the subcutaneous tissue post a surgical event . we present a case of a 63-year - old woman having undergone femoral prosthesis surgery and total hip replacement with a subfacial seroma without findings of infection , refra...	introduction : the presence of postoperative seromadesis is common , corresponding to the presence of serum in the subcutaneous tissue post a surgical event . erythromycin has been reported as sclerosing , although not in orthopedic surgery . we report a case of erythromycin seromadesis in orthopedic surgery.case p...
allostasis is the process by which living organisms maintain biological homeostasis during a diverse array of challenges , including those of an environmental or physiological nature.1 , 2 it is thought that cumulative effects of stress ( repetitive or continuous ) , referred to as allostatic load , affect several phys...	backgroundcurrent research in behavioral cardiology reveals a significant association between posttraumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) and increased risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality ; however , the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood . we hypothesized that patients with ptsd would exhibit endoth...
ileostomy formation is occasionally required in patients with complicated inflammatory bowel disease requiring colonic resection . this procedure can lead to a number of recognised complications including stomal obstruction , stomal prolapse , skin erythema and ileal inflammation . a less commonly described complic...	high output ileostomies are important complications of stoma formation following bowel surgery . adequate management of such stomas might prevent severe morbidity and mortality when this potentially fatal complication develops . in this case report , we describe a female patient with a recent ileostomy formation fo...
although it provides favorable results in terms of strength , form and function , it usually shows unaesthetic appearance from metal underneath , especially at the cervical part of the restoration or from the opaque porcelain layer.1 in addition , metal substructure obstructs the light transmission to underlying natura...	purposeto compare marginal and internal gaps of zirconia substructure of single crowns with those of three - unit fixed dental prostheses.materials and methodsstandardized co - cr alloy simulated second premolar and second molar abutments were fabricated and subsequently duplicated into type - iii dental stone for work...
with these words in 1937 , there began a worldwide appeal to establish a chiropractic hospital at the palmer school of chiropractic ( psc):does not the reader agree with me that the next great step forward ought to be the establishment at the psc of a wonderful chiropractic hospital , to which patients of all classes ,...	objectivethe purpose of this article is to relate information about the life of dr william ivens and describe the worldwide effort led by him to establish a chiropractic hospital at the palmer school of chiropractic.discussiondr william ivens , a colorful politician and chiropractor from winnipeg , canada , was the dri...
a spinal subdural hematoma ( sdh ) is a rare clinical entity that accounts for only 4.1% of all spinal hematomas . it can be caused by major or minor trauma and iatrogenic injuries , such as those resulting from spinal punctures performed for diagnostic or anesthetic purposes5 ) . simultaneous intracranial and spin...	simultaneous intracranial and spinal subdural hematomas are extremely rare . in most cases , they are attributed to major or minor trauma and iatrogenic causes , such as those resulting from spinal puncture . to the best of the authors ' knowledge , there has been only two reports of spontaneous concomitant intracr...
the most common causes of hypercalcemia are malignancies , particularly solid tumors , in hospitalized patients1 and primary hyperparathyroidism in non - hospitalized patients.2 the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is a solitary parathyroid adenoma.2 neck ultrasound and dual - phase tc-99 m sestamibi ( ...	we report a case of cervical lymph node sarcoidosis misdiagnosed as parathyroid adenoma . this is the second case described in the literature in which lymph node sarcoidosis was misdiagnosed as parathyroid adenoma on tc-99 m sestamibi ( mibi ) scan , the first case localized in the neck . a 64-year - old woman presen...
to report the case of a patient with unilateral idiopathic macular telangiectasia ( imt ) associated with type 3 neovascularization . we describe a case of an 85-year - old woman who presented at our department with a gradual vision loss in her left eye ( le ) . fundus examination showed 2 small hemorrhages loca...	purposeto report the case of a patient with unilateral idiopathic macular telangiectasia ( imt ) associated with type 3 neovascularization.methodsobservational case report.resultswe describe a case of an 85-year - old woman who presented at our department with a gradual vision loss in her left eye ( le ) . her best -...
	we have studied the effect of several environmental chemicals on the transient expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( cat ) reporter gene linked to the promoter sequences in the long terminal repeat ( ltr ) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( hiv-1 ) . aflatoxin b1 , 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo -...
schwannoma also called as neurilemmoma is a benign neoplasm of the schwann cells surrounding the nerves . . however , intraosseous schwannoma are extremely rare in jaw bones and represent less than 1% of benign primary tumors of the jaws . a 42-year - old man hailing from dakshina kannada district in karnataka , in...	schwannoma , a benign nerve sheath tumor is relatively rare in occurrence and even rarer in sites , such as jaw bones . there are only 45 reported cases of intraosseous schwannoma of the jaws reported in the literature . we report a rare case of mandibular schwannoma in a 50-year - old indian male . the clinical ...
gynecomastia occurs due to increase level of estradiol , decreased androgen level or imbalance between estrogen and androgen . familial gynecomastia occurs because of increased peripheral aromatization in families and due to inversion in chromosome 15q21.2 - 3 resulting in increased estrogen production in fatty tissu...	gynecomastia is a common occurrence in pubertal age group , and is physiological in up to 65 percent of cases . when occurs in the family it should be investigated in order not to miss on a treatable etiology . two brothers within the same family , presenting with bilateral gynecomastia of different causes and requ...
ultrasensitivity , or threshold behaviour , where small changes in a stimulus near some threshold value produce a large change in a response , but large changes in the stimulus far from the threshold produce small changes in the response ( i.e. , a sigmoidal stimulus response curve ) , is an important property of many...	eukaryotic transcription involves the synergistic interaction of many different proteins . however , the question remains how eukaryotic promoters achieve ultrasensitive or threshold responses to changes in the concentration or activity of a single transcription factor ( tf ) . we show theoretically that by recruit...
a 77-year - old woman suffered wallenberg syndrome after a stroke in the territory of the left vertebrobasilar artery . three years later , she came to our hospital complaining of chronic lancinating left eye ( os ) pain of two years ' duration . she was being treated in the pain unit for left hemifacial pain , and...	we studied three patients who developed left unilateral punctate keratitis after suffering left - sided wallenberg syndrome . a complex evolution occurred in two of them . in all cases , neurophysiological studies showed damage in the trigeminal sensory component at the bulbar level . corneal involvement secondary ...
microorganisms play a key role in pulpitis , infection - mediated necrosis and their extension to the periapical tissue . the necrotic pulp presents a polymicrobial flora characterized by a wide variety of combinations of bacteria , averaging 4 - 7 species per canal , predominantly anerobic , with approximately equal...	aim : the purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparative antibacterial efficacy of biopure mtad , metapex , metronidazole , and aztreonam against two obligate anerobic bacteria.materials and methods : antimicrobial efficacy of selected medicaments against two obligate anaerobic bacteria bacteroides fragilis and ...
eighteen eyes from 18 healthy new zealand white albino male rabbits obtained from the laboratory animal resource center , kafkas university ( kars , turkey ) ; aged 10 to 12 months and weighting between 3 and 3.5 kg were used in the study . the study was carried out in accordance with the animal ethical guidelines fo...	purpose : to evaluate the efficacy of -lipoic acid ( ala ) in reducing scarring after trabeculectomy.materials and methods : eighteen adult new zealand white rabbits underwent trabeculectomy . during trabeculectomy , thin sponges were placed between the sclera and tenon s capsule for 3 minutes , saline solution , mitom...
the majority of suicides ( 85% ) in the world occur in low and middle - income countries . non - fatal suicide attempts occur mostly in young persons and are up to 10 - 40 times more frequent than suicides . persons with a history of previous suicide attempt are at a high risk of dying by suicide with up to 2% dyin...	aim : to determine whether brief intervention and contact ( bic ) is effective in reducing subsequent suicidal behavior among suicide attempters.materials and methods : suicide attempters ( n=680 ) admitted in a general hospital in chennai were randomly allocated to treatment as usual and bic whose components include b...
	inteins self - splice from precursor polypeptides to reconstitute functional proteins . here we describe inteins as redox - responsive switches in bacteria . regulation was achieved by engineering a disulfide bond between the intein s catalytic cysteine and the flanking polypeptide . this interaction was validate...
supernumerary teeth may be defined as any teeth or tooth substance in excess of the usual configuration of 20 deciduous , and 32 permanent teeth . supernumerary teeth may occur singly , multiply , unilaterally or bilaterally , and in one or both jaws . rajab and hamdan reported in their study that males were more a...	concrescence is a developmental anomaly of dental hard tissues . it is a condition showing union of adjacent teeth by cementum . the concrescence leads to a loss of gingival architecture leading to the development of funnels , which may cause plaque accumulation thus , resulting in periodontal tissue destruction . ...
cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) account for nearly a third of all deaths worldwide . the key intervention in cvds is to identify risk factors early and initiate therapy to control them . hence , diagnosis of hypertension and appropriate treatment to optimize bp are important public health goals worldwide . all g...	background . hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide . we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension in a population of male bus drivers in north kerala , india . methods . the study population included male bus drivers of corporation bus stand kozhikode , kerala . blood pre...
malrotation of the midgut is an abnormality in embryological development of gastrointestinal tract . by the fourth intrauterine week the gastrointestinal tract is in the form of an endoderm lined tube divided into fore , mid- and hindgut . mid- and hindgut defined by their blood supply the superior and inferior mes...	abnormalities in midgut rotation occur during the physiological herniation of midgut between the 5th and 10th week of gestation . the most significant abnormality is narrow small bowel mesentery which is prone to volvulus . this occurs most frequently in the neonatal period , less commonly midgut malrotation presen...
in japan , there was no choice of medication for the treatment of alzheimer s disease ( ad ) , other than donepezil , for more than a decade , as rivastigmine , galantamine , and memantine were not approved by the japanese ministry of health , labour and welfare until 2011 . the recent availability of the three medic...	rivastigmine , galantamine , and memantine , in addition to donepezil , which has been on the market over 10 years , have been available for the treatment of alzheimer s disease ( ad ) since 2011 in japan , leading a new stage in the medical treatment of ad . we studied two ad patients showing sudden deterioration of...
although rheumatic heart disease is increasingly rare in developed countries , it remains the most common cardiac disorder in much of the world . percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty has been shown to be a new therapy for patients with mitral stenosis and has achieved excellent results in the majority of patients with s...	a 28-year - old woman with severe mitral stenosis underwent percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty at 26 weeks gestation . balloon dilation using a double 18 - 18 mm balloon resulted in improvement in mean mitral pressure gradient ( 32 to 8 mmhg ) and in calculated mitral valve area ( 0.9 to 2.4 cm2 ) without complication...
warfarin is the most widely used anticoagulant agent for the prevention of stroke or systemic thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation . however , warfarin has a narrow therapeutic range of international normalized ratio ( inr ) and is known to have multiple interactions with drugs , food , and herb . ...	a 73-yr - old korean man with permanent atrial fibrillation visited outpatient clinic with severely increased international normalized ratio ( inr ) values after taking a usual starting dosage of warfarin to prevent thromboembolism . we found out later from his blood tests that he had hyperthyroidism at the time of t...
cells and culture conditions the following cells were used : bhk21 ( c-13 ) fibroblasts ( baby hamster kidney clone 13 , american type culture collection ) , bhk21-tta / anti - clathrin heavy chain ( chc ) cell line ( 30 ) , cav-1-ko and cav-1-wt mouse endothelioma cell lines ( 31 ) , c2c12 mouse myobla...	arginine - rich peptides are a subclass of cell - penetrating peptides that are taken up by living cells and can be detected freely diffusing inside the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm . this phenomenon has been attributed to either an endocytic mode of uptake and a subsequent release from vesicles or to direct ...
we present a case of status epilepticus due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy - related inflammation , successfully treated with immunomodulation . a 52-year - old man with a history of hypertension and alcohol abuse , presented in january of 2015 with new - onset seizures . the patient 's family first noted new - ons...	this report discusses a case of nonconvulsive status epilepticus , caused by cerebral amyloid angiopathy - related inflammation . brain biopsy demonstrated cerebral amyloid angiopathy , with clinical and radiographic features indicative of a fluctuating inflammatory process . immunomodulatory treatment with pulse s...
the medical records of all subjects evaluated by a glaucoma specialist ( krs ) from march 2008 to may 2015 in the glaucoma clinic of the asan medical center were retrospectively examined . initial testing included a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination , including a review of the medical history , measurement of ...	purposeto investigate the use of ganglion cell inner plexiform layer ( gc - ipl ) thickness , as measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography , to detect central visual field ( vf ) progression.methodsthis study included 384 eyes from 384 patients ( 219 preperimetric and 165 perimetric glaucomatous eyes ; a...
attention - deficit and hyperactivity - disorder ( adhd ) affects 58% of the worldwide childhood population , it has high comorbidity and it shares symptoms with other behavioral and emotional disorders ( boyle et al . , 2011 ; larson et al . , 2011 ) . adhd prevalence rates vary significantly between and within coun...	finding neurobiological markers for neurodevelopmental disorders , such as attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) , is a major objective of clinicians and neuroscientists . we examined if functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) data from a few distinct visuospatial working memory ( vswm ) tasks ...
clear cell carcinoma ( ccc ) is a low grade malignant neoplasm representing approximately 1% of all salivary gland tumors . the differential diagnosis of clear cell salivary neoplasms encompasses a broad range of possibilities , including primary salivary clear cell tumors , such as ccc , epithelial - myoepithelial c...	clear cell carcinoma ( ccc ) is a rare low - grade carcinoma that represents only 1% to 2% of all salivary glands tumors . the finding of a clear cell tumor in a parotid gland involves the necessity of differential diagnosis between primary clear cell parotid tumors and metastases , mainly from kidney . the biologi...
in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment , the neurosensory retina becomes separated from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium ( rpe ) , resulting in many biochemical and structural changes [ 14 ] . morphological studies provide evidence that the most obvious detachment - induced damage within the neurosensory retin...	purpose . to evaluate the spatial distribution of photoreceptor inner and outer segment junction ( is / os ) reflectivity changes after successful vitrectomy for macula - off retinal detachment ( ppv - moff ) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( sdoct ) . methods . twenty eyes after successful ppv -...
for almost a century , drug discovery was driven by the quest for magic bullets , which act by targeting one critical step in a disease process and elicit a cure with few other consequences . however , this concept is far from biological reality , and even the most successful rationally designed drugs ( such as gleevec...	side - effects are the unintended consequence of therapeutic treatments , but they can also be seen as valuable read - outs of drug effects in humans ; these effects are difficult to infer or predict from pre - clinical models . indeed , some studies suggest that drugs with similar side - effect profiles may also sha...
microbial adhesion takes place on all natural and man - made surfaces ( 1 ) and poses considerable threats in food processing , drinking water systems , and human health to mention a few . these threats are not always associated with adhering organisms , but often with their detachment causing contamination elsewhere...	abstractviscoelastic deformation of the contact volume between adhering bacteria and substratum surfaces plays a role in their adhesion and detachment . currently , there are no deformation models that account for the heterogeneous structure and composition of bacteria , consisting of a relatively soft outer layer and ...
loop prediction is generally one of the most challenging tasks in protein structure determination and modeling ( 117 ) . the preferred conformation of loops often remains unclear even when the rest of the protein is resolved at high resolution . this is due to the high flexibility of loops that is often related to ...	superlooper provides the first online interface for the automatic , quick and interactive search and placement of loops in proteins ( lip ) . a database containing half a billion segments of water - soluble proteins with lengths up to 35 residues can be screened for candidate loops . a specified database containing 1...
osteopetrosis ( op ) has also called with its historical names as a albers - schnberg disease , which was firstly described by a german radiologist [ 1 , 2 ] . the main cause of the disease is osteoclastic activity defect , which results hypersclerotic fragile bone [ 3 , 4 ] . autosomal recessive op ( aro ) has a t...	osteopetrosis ( op ) is hereditary x - linked , autosomal recessive ( aro ) , or autosomal dominant ( ado ) skeletal disease . aro has two subtypes , which are infantile malignant and intermediate type . aro and x - linked op have poor clinical outcome . ado is called adult benign type because of the normal life ...

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