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propofol is an intravenous ( iv ) anaesthetic drug used for induction and maintenance during anaesthesia .
in addition , the hyperdynamic cardiovascular response to the pain can precipitate adverse events in high - risk patients with a history of coronary artery disease and/or abnormal heart rhythm .
many factors a... | background and aims : propofol ( 2 , 6-di - isopropylphenol ) used for the induction of anaesthesia often causes mild to severe pain or discomfort on injection .
we designed this double - blind study to compare the efficacy of methylprednisolone and lignocaine in reducing the pain of propofol injection in patients sc... |
traditionally , the fields of ageing and disability have been addressed separately both in terms of research and service structures and systems of care . however , in recent years , public awareness into topics involving ageing and disability twin - track approach has been growing and research linking both fields enj... | introductiontraditionally , the fields of ageing and disability have been addressed separately both in terms of research and service structures and systems of care . however , in recent years , public awareness into topics involving ageing and disability twin - track approach has been growing and research linking bot... |
migration is a process of social change during which people move from one cultural setting to another in order to settle for a longer period of time or permanently .
though migration has been occurring since the beginning of time , the advent of the era of globalization has resulted in the increased movement of peopl... | aim . to study the relationship between a personal history of migration and prevalence of chronic diseases and risk factors in a rural population
. method .
cross sectional survey data from prolife , a cohort study involving the long time follow - up of the residents of an administrative unit in kerala , india , wa... |
idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism ( ihh ) is comprised of absent puberty , infertility and low serum gonadotrophins in the absence of a pituitary tumor .
ihh is due to impaired gonadotrophin releasing hormone ( gnrh ) release / action or gonadotrophin secretion .
ks appears to be the result of impairment of ... | idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism ( ihh ) and kallmann syndrome ( ks ) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders caused by a deficiency of gonadotrophin - releasing hormone ( gnrh ) .
mutations in three genes
kal1 , gnrhr and fgfr1account for 1520% of all causes of ihh / ks .
nearly all mutati... |
at the time of cataract surgery , many patients select intraocular lenses ( iols ) to reduce or eliminate their dependency on spectacle correction . to satisfactorily achieve both distance and near uncorrected visual acuity ( ucva ) , several options are currently available .
multifocal iols may provide excellent dis... | purposethe aims of this study are to define the various stages of capsular contraction syndrome ( ccs ) and its effect on refractive error with hinge - based accommodating intraocular lenses ( iols ) and to describe a systematic approach for the management of the different stages of ccs.methodshinge-based accommodative... |
although the first report on circulating tumors was published by ashworth in 1869 , the lack of technology precluded further investigations on their clinical use until recently . developments in immunological and quantitative real - time
pcr - based analysis have enabled the detection , enumeration and characterizati... | introduction . developments in immunological and quantitative real - time pcr - based analysis have enabled the detection , enumeration , and characterization of circulating tumor cells ( ctcs ) .
it is assumed that the detection of ctcs is associated with cancer , based on the finding that ctcs can be detected in al... |
endoscopic mucosal resection ( emr ) is an endoscopic alternative to surgical resection of mucosal and submucosal neoplastic lesions and intramucosal cancers .
lesions limited to the mucosa and the superficial layers of the submucosa appear to be the most amenable to endoscopic cure .
the techniques for emr can be ... | endoscopic mucosal resection ( emr ) is an endoscopic alternative to surgical resection of mucosal and submucosal neoplastic lesions . prior to the development of knives
, emr could be performed with accessories to elevate the lesion .
after the development of various knives , en bloc resection was possible without... |
ulcers are an open sore of the skin or mucus membrane characterized by sloughing of inflamed dead tissue .
ulcers are lesions on the surface of the skin or a mucous membrane characterized by a superficial loss of tissue .
ulcers are most common on the skin of the lower extremities and in the gastrointestinal tract ... | ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disorder which is seen among many people .
it is basically an inflamed break in the skin or the mucus membrane lining the alimentary tract .
ulceration occurs when there is a disturbance of the normal equilibrium caused by either enhanced aggression or diminished mucosal resistanc... |
we report here a case of prolonged fever post infected pacemaker ( pm ) and lead extraction , with late diagnosis of a retained lead in the right subclavian vein and superior vena cava , whose removal resulted in clinical resolution .
a 49-year - old man underwent removal of a pm due to infective endocarditis . in th... | the implant indication of cardiac electronic devices continues to expand ; therefore , we have observed increasing complications related to their removal .
we describe the case of a patient who presented with prolonged bloodstream infection after having undergone removal of a pacemaker .
after extensive workup for ... |
medicinal applications of metal complexes as therapeutic drugs have a more than 5000-year
history .
since the discovery of the
anticancer activity of cisplatin by shimizu and rosenberg 35 years ago , there has been
a rapid expansion in research to find new ,
more effective metal - based anticancer drugs .
t... | medicinal inorganic chemistry has been stimulating largely by the success of the anticancer drug , cisplatin .
various metal complexes are currently used as therapeutic agents ( e.g. , pt , au , and ru ) in the treatment of malignant diseases , including several types of cancers . understanding the mechanism of actio... |
avian influenza virus type a , subtype h5n1 , is becoming the world s largest pandemic threat due to its high virulence and lethality in birds , quickly expanding host reservoir , and high rate of mutations.(1 ) antigenic drift has given rise to new strains that are resistant to existing drugs , and antigenic shift is ... | the comparative dynamics and inhibitor binding free energies of group-1 and group-2 pathogenic influenza a subtype neuraminidase ( na ) enzymes are of fundamental biological interest and relevant to structure - based drug design studies for antiviral compounds . in this work , we present seven generalized born molecula... |
the patient is a 46-year - old african american male with a history of stroke , diabetes , and hiv , who presented with a sudden onset shortness of breath , palpitations , and chest discomfort .
physical examination was unremarkable except for tachycardia and right - sided weakness associated with an episode of strok... | in rare cases , thrombus in transit can be entrapped in a patent foramen ovale ( pfo ) .
a patient with this condition is at high risk of embolic stroke and death .
early diagnosis and treatment is essential to help prevent stroke and death in these cases .
there is no universal management guideline for this rare... |
muscle regeneration is a multistep process that includes myofiber degradation , regeneration , and remodeling ( ten broek et al . ,
the repair process is characterized by the activation of a primary myogenic stem cell population referred to as satellite cells , which give rise to activated proliferating myoblasts... | summaryprecise control of the thyroid hormone ( t3)-dependent transcriptional program is required by multiple cell systems , including muscle stem cells . deciphering how this is achieved and how the t3 signal is controlled in stem cell niches is essentially unknown .
we report that in response to proliferative stimu... |
gastrojejunocolic fistula ( gjf ) is a rare and late complication of the surgical technique of gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy applied for recurrent peptic ulcer disease .
generally gjf is considered to be induced by a stomal ulcer due to inadequate gastric resection , incompleteness of vagotomy and long afferent l... | we herein report the case of a 51-year - old man with gastrojejunocolic fistula .
it is one of the late severe complications of gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy and is considered to be induced by a stomal ulcer due to inadequate resection of the stomach and incompleteness of vagotomy .
the main clinical presentati... |
my first real exposure to natural products chemistry came in my third and final year as an undergraduate at cambridge university , when i attended a course of lectures on the chemistry of natural products by the nobel prize - winning chemist sir alexander todd ( later to become lord todd ) .
the lectures included man... | recent research on the chemistry of natural products from the author s group that led to the receipt of the acs ernest guenther award in the chemistry of natural products is reviewed .
redor nmr and synthetic studies established the t - taxol conformation as the bioactive tubulin - binding conformation , and these re... |
sleep disturbances increase with aging and it is estimated that nearly 67% of the elderly people have at least one sleep - related complaint .
various sleep - related problems identified in elderly people include long time to fall asleep , disturbed sleep at night , and decreased daytime alertness etc .
researchers... | background : sleep disturbances and decline in the physical functionality are common conditions associated with aging .
pharmacological treatment of sleep disturbances can be associated with various adverse effects .
short term trials of yoga on sleep have shown beneficial effects.objectives:to evaluate the effect ... |
producing high - quality images in computerised tomography ( ct ) is important for image interpretation to ensure that the maximum diagnostic information is available to facilitate the visualisation of discrete changes in anatomy indicating early pathological processes [ 13 ] .
higher quality ct images , however ,... | objectivesto evaluate visual grading characteristics ( vgc ) and ordinal regression analysis during head ct optimisation as a potential alternative to visual grading assessment ( vga ) , traditionally employed to score anatomical visualisation.methodspatient images ( n = 66 ) were obtained using current and optimised... |
understanding the developmental patterns of vegetative and reproductive organs and factors that influence those patterns is of critical importance for conserving rare plants .
we recently determined that leaf and leaflet expansion of the endangered cycas micronesica were influenced by spatial and temporal factors , b... | we recently described lack of phenotypic plasticity in reproductive organ development and substantial plasticity in vegetative organ development for the cycad cycas micronesica .
is there an evo - devo explanation for the disparity in phenotypic plasticity of vegetative vs. reproductive organs ? despite modularity , ... |
untreated , mortality is 50% when the central nervous system ( cns ) is involved and 85% for disseminated infection , with up to 50% of survivors demonstrating developmental abnormalities [ 1 , 2 ] .
administration of high - dose acyclovir decreases mortality to 4% for cns and 29% for disseminated disease .
diagnos... | background . despite high herpes simplex virus type 2 ( hsv-2 ) incidence and prevalence among women in africa , we are unaware of published neonatal herpes reports . to assess neonatal hsv transmission potential in south africa , we investigated the frequency of the strongest risk factors : hsv acquisition in late pre... |
s. aureus isolates can be divided into independently evolving clonal complex ( cc ) lineages .
each cc lineage has a unique and stable combination of surface protein variants and a unique restriction - modification ( rm ) system combination that controls horizontal gene transfer ( hgt ) between lineages .
while the... | methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) cc22 sccmeciv is a successful hospital - associated ( ha- ) mrsa , widespread throughout the world , and now the dominant clone in uk hospitals .
we have recently shown that mrsa cc22 is a particularly fit clone , and it rose to dominance in a uk hospital at the ... |
thirteen f. tularensis isolates collected over the past 10 years in switzerland ( figure 1 ) were subjected to extensive genetic characterization .
the species and subspecies designations of all strains were confirmed by real - time pcr that targeted the fopa gene and by amplification of the rd1 region ( 8) , which s... | we conducted a molecular analysis of francisella tularensis strains isolated in switzerland and identified a specific subpopulation belonging to a cluster of f. tularensis subsp .
holarctica that is widely dispersed in central and western continental europe .
this subpopulation was present before the tularemia epid... |
human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) is a deadly infectious disease and has been declared as a serious concern worldwide.13 the world health organization confirms > 35 million hiv - infected people . among them , 28 million people are eligible for antiretroviral therapy ( art ) . however
, only 11.7 million could aff... | this viewpoint is a global call to promote fundamental and applied research aiming toward designing smart nanocarriers of desired properties , novel noninvasive strategies to open the blood
brain barrier ( bbb ) , delivery / release of single / multiple therapeutic agents across the bbb to eradicate neurohuman immuno... |
elderly patients presenting with st - segment elevation myocardial infarction ( stemi ) are less likely to receive reperfusion therapies , both fibrynolysis and primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) [ 13 ] .
common reasons for excluding older patients from reperfusion therapy are their delayed presentati... | data concerning the benefits and risks of primary pci in the elderly patients presenting with st - segment elevation myocardial infarction ( stemi ) are limited .
thus , the objective of the study was to assess age - dependent differences in the treatment and outcomes of stemi patients transferred for primary pci .
... |
laparotomy with cornual wedge resection or hysterectomy has been the traditional treatment for the rare cases of cornual pregnancy . in the last 2 decades
, several reports have been published of minimally - invasive surgical techniques used to successfully treat cornual ectopic pregnancies .
consistent with the go... | cornual pregnancy often poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge , with a significant risk for morbidity and mortality . traditional treatment for cornual pregnancy
has been through laparotomy , wedge resection , or hysterectomy .
early diagnosis is now possible through transvaginal ultrasonography and highly -... |
since the parenteral administration is the only route of insulin delivery , alternative routes of administration ( oral , nasal , rectal , pulmonary , and ocular ) have been extensively investigated .
insulin is a protein composed of two polypeptide chains which are covalently bound by disulfide bonds between cystein... | polymeric delivery systems based on nanoparticles have emerged as a promising approach for peroral insulin delivery .
the aim of the present study was to investigate the release of insulin nanoparticulate systems and ex vivo studies .
the nanoparticles were prepared by the ion gelation method .
particle size dist... |
aspirin - exacerbated respiratory disease ( aerd ) is a syndrome in which chronic asthma is accompanied by nonallergic hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) , leading to acute bronchoconstriction and exacerbation of other lower and upper airway symptoms [ 1 , 2 ] . the ability of classic... | aspirin - exacerbated respiratory disease ( aerd ) is associated with constitutively elevated synthesis of bronchoconstrictor cysteinyl - leukotrienes , associated with increased expression of leukotriene ( lt)c4 synthase and th2 cytokines and airway eosinophilia .
we examined whether interleukin-13 can increase ltc4... |
noninvasive brain stimulation ( nibs ) finds increasingly more applications in clinical neuroscience . under the term nibs
, different techniques are summarized that allow a noninvasive stimulation of the brain but that are characterized by different modes of action .
recent studies in the field have made clear tha... | interindividual response variability to various motor - cortex stimulation protocols has been recently reported .
comparative data of stimulation protocols with different modes of action is lacking .
we aimed to compare the efficacy and response variability of two ltp - inducing stimulation protocols in the human m... |
. different types of human cells express cl channels in the cell membrane for various physiological purposes . in the last several decades , ion channels that conduct cations , such as sodium ( na ) , potassium ( k ) or calcium ( ca ) channels ,
nonetheless , cl channels are as abundant as cation channels , and they ... | the clc-1 chloride channel , a member of the clc - channel / transporter family , plays important roles for the physiological functions of skeletal muscles .
the opening of this chloride channel is voltage dependent and is also regulated by protons and chloride ions .
mutations of the gene encoding clc-1 result in ... |
decompressive craniectomy , which is performed worldwide for the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) , is a surgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow the brain to swell without being squeezed.1 although there is still controversy about the efficacy of the procedure in improving pa... | refractory intracranial hypertension is a leading cause of poor neurological outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury .
decompressive craniectomy has been used in the management of refractory intracranial hypertension for about a century , and is presently one of the most important methods for its cont... |
marathon running became a mass fitness phenomenon in the 1980s.1 recent studies reported that master runners increased participation and improved performance in flat city marathon running , such as in the new york city marathon.2,3 master runners were defined as athletes typically older than 35 years of age and systema... | backgroundthe performance in master marathoners has been investigated in flat city marathons but not in mountain marathons .
this study examined changes in the sex differences in performance across time in female and male master runners competing in a mountain marathon compared to a flat city marathon.methodsthe asso... |
management of neglected perilunate dislocations is controversial . the various procedures such as open reduction and internal fixation ( orif ) , proximal row carpectomy , lunate excision , and wrist arthrodesis have been advocated .
the aim of our study was to evaluate the functional outcome of neglected perilunate ... | introduction : management of neglected perilunate dislocations is controversial . the various procedures such as open reduction and internal fixation ( orif ) , proximal row carpectomy , lunate excision , and wrist arthrodesis have been advocated .
the aim of our study was to evaluate the functional outcome of neglec... |
limitations of the study include small sample size , and only subjective assessment of the scar has been taken into consideration to assess the outcome .
scar formation is an inevitable result of surgery and trauma that results in full thickness epidermal loss .
acne and other inflammatory , infectious conditions s... | background : scars over the face are cosmetically and psychologically disturbing .
various techniques have been described and are being practiced in the management of these scars.aims and objectives : this study was undertaken to study the safety , effectiveness of using dermal grafts as fillers in the management of ... |
although the majority of thyroid nodules are benign , a large number undergo cytology / histology to rule out malignancy .
initially thyroid nodule characteristics were studied individually and their association with malignancy has been reported .
subsequently , characteristics were grouped to determine if by havin... | objective : the objective of this study was to describe a reliable ultrasound based index scoring system based on ultraound characteristics to identify benign thyroid nodules and avoid unnecessary fine needle aspiration cytology.materials and methods : patients undergoing ultrasound - guided fine - needle aspiration cy... |
recent studies reported the prevalence of diabetes in china soared from 1.9 to 11.6% between 1993 and 2010 [ 1 , 2 ] .
the prevalence of prediabetes is rising which is an important risk factor for the development of overt diabetes and cardiovascular disease .
china has to face the major public health problem and ec... | the exact mechanism through which elevated serum ferritin promotes the development of type 2 diabetes is unknown .
this study showed that ferritin concentration in impaired glucose regulation and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus subjects of nonobesity already significantly increased when compared with normal glucose... |
the hematopoietic system is a complex hierarchical structure that produces several different types of specialized blood cells , most of which are short - lived and thereby require continuous replenishment with hematopoietic stem / progenitor cells ( hspcs )
. autologous or allogeneic transplantation of hspcs is wide... | summaryhematopoietic stem / progenitor cells ( hspcs ) are capable of supporting the lifelong production of blood cells exerting a wide spectrum of functions .
lentiviral vector hspc gene therapy generates a human hematopoietic system stably marked at the clonal level by vector integration sites ( iss ) .
using is ... |
cold - induced panniculitis , with subsequent atrophy is a well - known phenomenon in both children and adults [ 13 ] . based upon observations of fat susceptibility to cold injury and a case report of popsicle panniculitis
, researchers studied and developed controlled cryolipolysis ; the controlled application of c... | background and objectivesa sharply contoured cryolipolysis vacuum applicator was developed to improve fit and tissue draw in the abdomen and flanks to better accommodate a range of body types and a variety of treatment sites .
this study was carried out to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the new applicator for tr... |
the size of the environmental legacy of tropical deforestation is dependent on both the magnitude and timing of past land cover changes , rather than the snapshot of forest cover that is directly observable today .
we used a validated regional data - constrained spatial model of tropical deforestation to backcast ... | summarytropical deforestation has caused a significant share of carbon emissions and species losses , but historical patterns have rarely been explicitly considered when estimating these impacts [ 1 ] .
a deforestation event today leads to a time - delayed future release of carbon , from the eventual decay either of ... |
hearing loss ( hl ) is one of the most frequent clinical manifestations of patients with multi - systemic genetic disorders . the syndromic form of hl and hl in association with other physical stigmata accounts for 30% of the cases of hereditary hl .
leopard syndrome ( ls ) is one of the hereditary disorders that und... | hearing loss ( hl ) is one of the most frequent clinical manifestations of patients who suffer with multi - systemic genetic disorders .
hl in association with other physical stigmata is referred to as a syndromic form of hl . leopard syndrome ( ls ) is one of the disorders with syndromic hl and it is caused by a mut... |
chronic hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection causing chronic hepatitis , cirrhosis , and hepatocellular carcinoma affects more than 350 million people worldwide [ 1 , 2 ] .
antiviral therapies that contain interferon and nucleos(t)ide analogues are used in patients who are infected with hbv and are at a higher risk of... | of 168 patients with chronic hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection - related liver disease , 20 patients who had received 100 mg of lamivudine plus 10 mg / day of adefovir dipivoxil ( adv ) ( adv group ) and 124 patients who had received 0.5 mg / day of entecavir or 100 mg / day of lamivudine ( non - adv group ) for ... |
the increased interest in setting up ion facilities for cancer treatment around the world is the result of the positive clinical experience based on continuous experimental , clinical and fundamental research .
the encouraging results from the most experienced ion therapy centres in heidelberg ( germany ) , chiba and... | light - ion radiation therapy against hypoxic tumors is highly curative due to reduced dependence on the presence of oxygen in the tumor at elevated linear energy transfer ( let ) towards the bragg peak .
clinical ion beams using spread - out bragg peak ( sobp ) are characterized by a wide spectrum of let values .
... |
obsessive - compulsive disorder ( ocd ) is a highly disablitating psychiatric disorder characterized by obsessions and compulsions .
obsessions are egodystonic , unwanted thoughts , images , or impulses that repeatedly enter one s mind .
compulsions are repetitive , time - consuming behaviors or mental acts often p... | obsessive - compulsive disorder ( ocd ) is a chronic , disabling disorder .
ten percent of patients remain treatment refractory despite several treatments . for these severe
, treatment - refractory patients , repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rtms ) has been suggested as a treatment option . since 199... |
preparing for the possibility of suicide and having a pre - established sop for postvention ready is critical to helping individuals cope in the aftermath of a suicide .
although every fire department s sop may need to be modified to remain in compliance with existing departmental policy , the following protocol was ... | abstractthis project aimed to develop a standard operating procedure ( sop ) for suicide postvention in fire service .
first , an existing sop was refined through expert review .
next , focus groups were conducted with fire departments lacking a peer suicide postvention sop ; feedback obtained guided revisions .
... |
it is estimated that by 2020 , depression will be the second leading cause of morbidity after ischemic heart disease .
lifetime prevalence of depression estimates varied widely , 8.6% in europe , 16.9% in the us , and 3% in japan .
furthermore , about 14% of the global burden of disease has been attributed to neuro... | objective : the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and probable under - diagnosis of depressive symptoms in elderly of an urban and semi - urban area in greece.materials and methods : a cross - sectional study was conducted among the members of 4 days care centers for older people ( kapi ) , three i... |
pemphigus has been treated with dexamethasone cyclophosphamide pulse ( dcp ) therapy since 1981 with several studies having reported its efficacy .
the occurrence of premature ovarian failure ( pof)/amenorrhoea / azoospermia leading to sterility with the administration of pulse cyclophosphamide dose led to the search... | background : pemphigus has been treated with dexamethasone cyclophosphamide pulse ( dcp ) therapy since 1981 .
various modifications have been suggested in the original regimen .
these include dexamethasone azathioprine pulse ( dap ) and dexamethasone methotrexate pulse ( dmp ) therapies.aims:to report our experien... |
the genus pluteus , typified by p. cervinus , includes saprobic agaricoid fungi characterized by free lamellae , no universal veil ( a partial veil may be present in a few species ) , pinkish spore - print , inverse hymenophoral trama , and inamyloid , cyanophilic spores ( vellinga & schreurs 1985 , orton 1986 , singer... | based on several collections from italy , a detailed description ( including also macrophotographs , microphotographs , and drawings ) of the morphological characters of the poorly known pluteus variabilicolor , originally described from hungary , is provided .
the analysis of the its sequences placed this species wi... |
minimal change nephrotic syndrome ( mcns ) is one of the most important histopathological characteristics in patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome ( ins ) , and long - term outcome of most of the patients with this disease is favorable .
some investigations suggested that genetic factors might play a key role i... | aim .
this meta - analysis was performed to evaluate the association between ace i / d gene polymorphism and mcns susceptibility .
method . a predefined literature search and selection of eligible relevant studies
were performed to collect the data from electronic databases .
results .
six articles were ident... |
postoperative visual loss after general anesthesia for non - ocular surgery is not common , but this devastating complication occurs in about 0.2% to 4.5% of cases depending on the type of surgery ( 1 ) . to our knowledge , there were a few reports using diffusion weighted image ( dwi ) for postoperative ischemic optic... | a 57-year - old woman experienced bilateral acute ischemic optic neuropathy after spine surgery . routine mr imaging sequence , t2-weighted image , showed subtle high signal intensity on bilateral optic nerves . a contrast - enhanced t1 weighted image showed enhancement along the bilateral optic nerve sheath .
moreov... |
lesions of the anterior interosseous nerve are rare and comprise less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies .
traumatic causes include blunt trauma , forearm fractures , penetrating injury and local pressure from a plaster cast , but has never before been described in association with crutch use .
this is th... | context : lesions of the anterior interosseous nerve are rare and comprise less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies .
traumatic causes include blunt trauma , forearm fractures , penetrating injury and local pressure from a plaster cast , but has never before been described in association with crutch use .
... |
lead encephalopathy was induced in developing long - evans rats by adding lead carbonate ( 4% w / w ) to the diet of nursing mother immediately after delivery .
the morphological and biochemical features of cerebral ontogenesis were studied in 30-day - old rats .
by the 30th postnatal day ,
the overall effect of ... | |
the purpose of establishing a pediatric intensive care unit ( picu ) is to upgrade the quality of services and obtaining the best results and better outcomes for the severely ill children .
one of the ways to achieve that goal is to predict the mortality risk of the patients admitted to the picu to provide them with ... | objectivea study to validate and calibrate pediatric index of mortality-2 ( pim2 ) in children admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit ( picu).methodsthis is a prospective cohort study performed in bahrami children 's hospital affiliated to tehran university of medical sciences .
we studied the patients admitte... |
osteoporosis is a deficiency of bone mineral density that increases fracture risk . because the number of elderly people in the population is currently increasing
the age - specific prevalence of osteoporosis is less than 2% in women younger than 50 years . between the ages of 20 and 40 years
our case provides a pe... | osteoporosis is mainly a problem in postmenopausal women .
however , we had a case of postpartum compression fracture associated with osteoporosis .
a 42-year - old multiparous woman had undergone tertiary cesarean section without complications 1 month before .
she was breast - feeding her baby and had no other b... |
morphological imaging using magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) is the most commonly used method for obtaining tumor information .
gd - enhanced t1-weighted mri provides anatomical imaging with hyperintense neovascularization enclosed in a hypointense region of central necrosis .
in addition , fluid - attenuated ir ... | the use of positron imaging agents such as fdg , met , and flt is expected to lead the way for novel applications toward efficient malignancy grading and treatment of gliomas . in this study ,
the usefulness of fdg , met and flt - pet images was retrospectively reviewed by comparing their histopathological findings .... |
quiet standing postural balance is an indispensable factor for performing routine
activities of daily living1 .
the
maintenance of a quiet stance is a complicated task that requires the integration of
vestibular , visual and somatosensory inputs from the whole body , for the assessment of the
motion and posit... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of muscle vibration
applied to the lower extremities on static postural balance of patients with parkinson s
disease ( pd ) .
[ subjects ] seven subjects with parkinson s disease participated in this
study . [ methods ]
the oscillators of vib... |
the leukemic cell population in acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( all ) and acute myeloblastic leukemia ( aml ) results from clonal proliferation by successive divisions from a single abnormal stem or progenitor cell .
the accumulation of these cells results in the replacement of the normal hematopoietic precursor cells... | background : oral manifestations are frequently the initial signs of acute leukemia , prompting the patient to consult the dentist first .
the gingival tissue is one site commonly involved either by leukemic infiltration or by inflammatory reactive hyperplasia , causing gingival enlargement .
the gingival infiltrat... |
ivermectin ( mectizan ) is a semi - synthetic lactone drug that exhibits broad anti - helminthic specificity .
mectizan has become the drug of choice for mass chemotherapy campaigns to eliminate onchocerciasis as a public health problem . in general ,
a notable exception occurs in some areas where the agent of onch... | ivermectin ( or mectizan ) is widely used by onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis control programs worldwide .
generally , mectizan is both safe and well tolerated .
an exception to this general pattern is in some areas co - endemic for onchocerca volvulus and loa loa , where a number of severe adverse reactions... |
scientific knowledge has increasingly become important in the development of prevention and health promotion interventions and legitimising the decisions on which interventions are considered relevant for public health policy [ 13 , 26 ] . and in the last decades , the scientific knowledge used has also become more and... | in prevention and health promotion interventions , screening methods and risk profile assessments are often used as tools for establishing the interventions effectiveness , for the selection and determination of the health status of participants . the role
these instruments fulfil in the creation of effectiveness and... |
the prevalence of obesity has tripled in the united states over the past three decades . as a result ,
the burden of obesity - related morbidity has increased dramatically , generating an urgent need to understand the mechanisms that promote metabolic disease .
substantial evidence supports the contribution of obes... | obesity is associated with an activated macrophage phenotype in multiple tissues that contributes to tissue inflammation and metabolic disease . to evaluate the mechanisms by which obesity potentiates myeloid activation
, we evaluated the hypothesis that obesity activates myeloid cell production from bone marrow prog... |
toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease prevalent all over the world and its causal agent is an intracellular protozoon called toxoplasma gondii .
the protozoa was first discovered by nicolle and manceaux ( 1908 ) as ctenodactylus gundi and later named as t. gondii ( 1909 ) ( 1 ) . up to one third of the world ... | backgroundtoxoplasmosis is a major public health problem among immuno - compromised individuals .
this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women with and out hiv infections.methodsthis cross sectional study was conducted among consecuti... |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by chronic inflammation in airway walls and lung tissue , dysfunctional repair and defense mechanisms , excessive mucus production , and changes in the small peripheral airways.1,2 these changes include thickening of small airway w... | purposesmall airway changes and dysfunction contribute importantly to airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) , which is currently treated with inhaled corticosteroids ( ics ) and long - acting bronchodilators at global initiative for obstructive lung disease ( gold ) grades 24 .
this ret... |
in the past 15 years , directed evolution has developed into a broadly applicable strategy for generating new biomolecules with desirable properties , for probing protein structure and function , and for addressing fundamental questions in molecular evolution . in this approach ,
random mutagenesis is used to produce... | there are many methods for introducing random mutations into nucleic acid sequences .
previously , we described a suite of programmes for estimating the completeness and diversity of randomized dna libraries generated by a number of these protocols .
our programmes suggested some empirical guidelines for library de... |
recent studies have shown that food production
and consumption
are responsible for 1030% of an individual s total
environmental impact .
a considerable amount of the total food intake by
mass ( 30% ) is represented by fruits and vegetables , which constitute
the largest food group consumed worldwide .
the... | food production and consumption is known to have significant
environmental
impacts . in the present work
, the life cycle assessment methodology
is used for the environmental assessment of an assortment of 34 fruits
and vegetables of a large swiss retailer , with the aim of providing
environmental decision ... |
binge eating disorder ( bed ) has been the subject of an increasing number of recent studies ; nevertheless , it is still awaiting official diagnostic recognition , and it is classified as a syndrome in need of further study in the most recent edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( dsm -... | topiramate is an anticonvulsant drug used for the treatment of epilepsy and prophylaxis of migraine .
some authors have proposed its use as a mood stabilizer and have reported its efficacy in reducing impulsiveness and improving mood regulation , possibly via its antagonism to glutamatergic transmission in the latera... |
nmr hyperpolarization
can temporarily increase nuclear spin polarization
by 48 orders of magnitude , translating into corresponding
increases in nmr and mri detection sensitivity .
the
sensitivity gains improve the detection limit , which enables new imaging
methodologies including hyperpolarized mri for m... | activation of a catalyst [ ircl(cod)(imes ) ]
( imes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene ;
cod = cyclooctadiene ) ] for signal amplification by reversible exchange
( sabre ) was monitored by in situ hyperpolarized proton
nmr at 9.4 t. during the catalyst - activation process , the cod moiety
un... |
osteoid osteoma usually a symptomatic disease in the second or third decades of life , rarely found in patients over 40 years of age , and approximately twice as many men as women are affected ( 13 ) .
osteoid osteoma is also a relatively uncommon benign osteoblastic tumor , first described by jaffe in 1935 .
it co... | backgroundthe hand and wrist bones are infrequent sites for osteoid osteoma , and its diagnosis can be difficult . this paper reports 25 cases of osteoid osteoma in the hand and wrist.methodsrecords of the 25 patients who had pathological conditions of osteoid osteoma of the hand and wrist were reviewed and analyzed.re... |
dura closure is a very important last step in the performance of the posterior fossa approach .
primary dural closure is often technically difficult and requires use of substitutes either autologous materials ( fat graft , pericranium ) or dural sealant augmentation . various techniques and products
are used to ens... | posterior fossa surgery is demanding and hides a significant number of obstacles starting from the approach to the wound closure .
the risk of cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) leakage in posterior fossa surgery given in the literature is around 8% .
the present study aims to introduce a sandwich closure of the dura in p... |
if the purpose is to understand pathogenic mechanisms , the animal model should mimic as closely as possible the symptoms , neuropathology , and mechanisms of the disease .
conversely , if the purpose is to demonstrate the potential efficacy of a drug , the animal model could be less complex , but should be easily av... | mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is an aspect of cognitive aging that is considered to be a transitional state between normal aging and the dementia into which it may convert .
appropriate animal models are necessary in order to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of mci and develop drugs for its treatment . in thi... |
cadmium chalcogenides
( cdx , x = s , se , te ) are ii vi semiconductors ,
which are used to devise solar energy harvesting solutions like thin - film
photovoltaics , photoelectrochemistry , and photocatalysis . over the past
decade ,
the interface of water and the cds nanocrystals is not well understood
y... | a detailed understanding
of the water
semiconductor interface
is of major importance for elucidating the molecular interactions
at the photocatalyst s surface . here , we studied the effect
of vacancy defects on the adsorption of a water molecule on the ( 1010 )
and ( 1120 ) cds surfaces , using spin - pola... |
the following electronic databases were searched using the scopus abstract and citation database : the cochrane library ( issue 1 , 2010 ) , medline , embase , science citation index expanded , social sciences citation index , conference proceedings citation index science , and psycinfo .
additional sources were han... | objectiveantidepressant use has risen sharply over recent years .
recent concerns that antidepressants may adversely affect glucose metabolism require investigation .
our aim was to assess the risk of type 2 diabetes associated with antidepressants through a systematic review.research design and methodsdata sources... |
adrenocortical carcinoma ( acc ) is an extremely rare neoplasm in children and adolescents with an annual incidence of 0.3 cases per million children younger than 15 years old.1 ) although the molecular pathogenesis of acc is poorly understood , it is strongly associated with inactivating mutation of the tumor suppress... | adrenocortical carcinoma ( acc ) in pediatric and adolescent patients is rare , and it is associated with various clinical symptoms .
we introduce the case of an 8-year - old boy with acc who presented with peripheral precocious puberty at his first visit .
he displayed penis enlargement with pubic hair and facial ... |
such molecules are found among screening hit lists , biological reagents , and even marketed drugs .
these aggregates have the unusual property of nonspecifically inhibiting enzyme targets , leading to false positive hits in biochemical assays , a problem that is now well - recognized , particularly in high - throu... | one of the leading sources of false positives in early drug discovery is the formation of organic small molecule aggregates , which inhibit enzymes nonspecifically at micromolar concentrations in aqueous solution .
the molecular basis for this widespread problem remains hazy . to investigate the mechanism of inhibiti... |
input data - occurrence data were accumulated from diverse sources ,
including all known triatomine collection records from the literature for all of north
america ( pubmed using the search words triatominae and mexico and the scientific
names of each species known from mexico prior to 2014 ) , publication re... | chagas disease is one of the most important yet neglected parasitic diseases in
mexico and is transmitted by triatominae .
nineteen of the 31 mexican triatomine
species have been consistently found to invade human houses and all have been found
to be naturally infected with trypanosoma cruzi .
the present pap... |
studies have indicated that with early use of cochlear implants , many children who are deaf have been able to develop language and literacy skills that are within normal limits ( i.e. , within one standard deviation of the mean ) when compared to their peers with normal hearing.1,2,3,4 ) other studies have indicated t... | background and objectivesthe primary purpose of this study was to assess whether very early access to speech sounds provided by the cochlear implant enables children to develop age - appropriate phonological awareness abilities in their preschool and school years .
a secondary purpose of this study was to examine whe... |
premenstrual syndrome ( pms ) is characterized by a number of behavioral , psychological and physical symptoms recurring cyclically during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and they disappearing in the first days of menstruation ( 1 ) .
the most common symptoms of pms are irritability , mood swings , anxiety , ... | introductionpremenstrual syndrome ( pms ) is a condition characterized by a number of behavioral , psychological and physical symptoms recurring cyclically during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle .
the uncertainty in the pathogenesis of pms has led to many treatment protocols being suggested as possible therap... |
esophagopleural fistula ( epf ) is an uncommon condition despite the anatomical proximity of the trachea and esophagus .
causes of epf include pneumonectomy for suppurative or tubercular disease and carcinoma of the lung and malignancy of the esophagus .
non - malignant epf is due to trauma or infection . the most ... | esophago - pleural fistula ( epf ) is an uncommon condition , despite of an anatomical proximity of these structures .
causes of epf include pneumonectomy for suppurative or tubercular disease of lung and carcinoma lung , malignancy of esophagus .
benign epf is rare and may be due to trauma or infection .
the mos... |
human papillomavirus ( hpv ) infection of the anogenital tract is the most prevalent viral sexually - transmitted infection in males and females , with a broad range of clinical manifestations and consequences varying from subclinical and self - limited to persistent and related with malignant progression ( 1 , 2 ) .
... | background : human papillomavirus ( hpv ) is the most common viral sexually - transmitted infection . despite hpv infection is associated with several malignant disorders including penile and anal cancers , little is known about the epidemiology of hpv infection in males , particularly in developing countries.objective... |
however , reports of golf swing - related fractures include stress fracture of the ribs , ulnar diaphysis , vertebral body , sternum , and hook of hamate2,6,9,15,17 ) . to our knowledge ,
only one case of multiple spinous process fractures of the upper thoracic spine in a beginning golfer has been reported14 ) .
we... | avulsion of spinous process , also called clay - shoveler 's fracture , is most prevalent among those engaged in hard physical labor . to the best of the author 's knowledge ,
only one case of multiple spinous process fractures of the upper thoracic spine in a novice golfer has been reported . a 45-year - old female ... |
bile leakage is a well - known and dreaded complication of open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( lc ) , major liver surgery , and blunt abdominal injury . with the advent of treatment by endoscopic sphincterotomy and drainage using either an endoprosthesis or nasobiliary catheter ,
surgery is now avoided in the majo... | biliary leakage is a known complication after biliary surgery . in this report
, we describe an uncommon treatment of a common biliary complication , wherein we used percutaneous transhepatic injection of n - butyl cyanoacrylate ( nbca ) to treat a biliary leak in an 83-year - old patient . |
a 61-year - old woman visited our hospital for alleged colon polyps found during a colonoscopy examination as part of a routine health examination .
abdominopelvic computed tomography ( ct ) showed an approximately 4-cm - sized , well - enhancing soft tissue lesion in the right perianal area ( fig . 1a ) and a well -... | a 61-year - old woman was referred to surgery for incidentally found colonic polyps during a health examination .
physical examination revealed widespread eczematous skin lesion without pruritus in the perianal and vulvar area .
abdominopelvic computed tomography showed an approximately 4-cm - sized , soft tissue l... |
the purpose of this article is to describe the role of stress , here in the shape of the threat of unemployment , in making stroke ( haemorrhagia and apoplexia cerebralis ) a cause of death .
based on danish data the actual development in the incidence of strokes in denmark within age groups of five years is discusse... | backgroundthe purpose of this article is to describe the role of stress , here in the shape of the threat of unemployment , in making stroke ( haemorrhagia and apoplexia cerebralis ) a cause of death .
this study is related to projects at the institute of public health.based on danish data the actual development in t... |
prevention of chronic diseases is a necessity in clinical sport and exercise medicine ( 1 ) .
avicenna , the great ancient iranian physician , in his masterpiece , the canon of medicine , introduced as an essential medical encyclopedia and divided to five books ( 2 ) , described subjects about hygiene and health p... | in the modern medical era it has been known as well that physical activity and exercise are important factors to prevent from different chronic diseases .
scientifically , there are numerous evidence based studies about protective role of exercise against chronic diseases such as cardio- respiratory diseases , diabet... |
diffuse optical tomography ( dot ) is a functional imaging modality for medical applications that has the potential to provide three - dimensional images of the scattering and absorption parameter distributions in vivo , from which clinically relevant physiological parameters such as tissue and blood oxygenation states... | we introduce a gpu - accelerated finite element forward solver for the computation of light transport in scattering media .
the forward model is the computationally most expensive component of iterative methods for image reconstruction in diffuse optical tomography , and performance optimisation of the forward solver... |
atherosclerosis , a progressive inflammatory disorder , may lead to peripheral artery disease , coronary artery disease or stroke .
the prevalence of atherosclerosis associated with mortality , and morbidity is very high in developed countries.1,2 in western societies , it is the underlying reason of about approximat... | objectivesthe aim of this study is to determine retrospectively the presence of carotid artery calcifications ( cacs ) detected on panoramic radiographs ( prs ) in a group of turkish population .
further , the relationships between cacs and gender , life style , and medical history were evaluated.methodsduring the ye... |
microglia are a unique cell population within the central nervous system ( cns ) as they descend from myeloid origin and are commonly recognized as the resident immune cells in the brain .
they constitute about 1020% of glial cell population and are continuously monitoring the surrounding environment , acting as sens... | identification of mediators triggering microglia activation and transference of noncoding microrna ( mirna ) into exosomes are critical to dissect the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration .
we used lipopolysaccharide- ( lps- ) induced n9 microglia activation to explore new biomarkers / signaling pathways and to id... |
dc are the professional antigen - presenting cells ( apc ) of the immune system that instruct and control the activation of b and t lymphocytes , the mediators of specific immunity .
dc are highly mobile cells and by their sequential migration from peripheral tissues to lymphoid organs they serve as sentinels of the ... | we exploited dendritic cells ( dc ) to vaccinate melanoma patients .
we recently demonstrated a statistical significant correlation between favorable clinical outcome and the presence of vaccine - related tumor antigen - specific t cells in delayed type hypersensitivity ( dth ) skin biopsies .
however , favorable c... |
gastrointestinal bleeding ( gib ) is a well - described complication of the left ventricular assist device ( lvad ) placement and has been reported to occur in 1940% of patients with the heartmate ii device .
the mechanism of gib in these patients may be secondary to alterations in vascular endothelial physiology , h... | there are many complications associated with the left ventricular assist devices ( lvads ) , including gastrointestinal bleeding ( gib ) .
we present a case of a pseudo colonic mass visualized on colonoscopy during workup for gib in an lvad patient necessitating a right colectomy with final pathology negative for mal... |
acute coronary syndrome ( acs ) represents one of the most common causes of death worldwide .
several practice guidelines have been developed in europe and north america to improve outcome of acs patients through implementation of the recommendations into clinical practice .
it is well know that there is wide gap b... | cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death , worldwide , with disproportionate representation in low- and middle - income countries ( lmics ) . the registro nacional de los sndromes coronarios agudos ii
( renasica ii ) investigators reported smoking , hypertension and diabetes were the main risk factors a... |
historically , anesthesia providers have had substantial difficulty using conventional peripheral nerve stimulators ( pns ) to achieve a low incidence of residual neuromuscular blockade ( nmb ) . in a meta - analysis which aimed to examine the effect of intraoperative neuromuscular monitoring on the incidence of postop... | this review provides recommendations for anesthesia providers who may not yet have quantitative monitoring and sugammadex available and thus are providing care within the limitations of a conventional peripheral nerve stimulator ( pns ) and neostigmine . in order to achieve best results
, the provider needs to unders... |
these are peer - reviewed poster - platform submissions finalized by the scientific program committee . a total of 153 abstracts ( 14 platforms [ pp1 through pp14 ] & 139 posters [ 1 through 139 ] ) were selected from 161 submissions to be considered for presentation during november 4 8 , 2011 , at the hilton baltimor... | |
the tongue plays a fundamental role in several bodily functions such as swallowing , breathing , speaking , and chewing .
the tongue originates from the branchial arches , approximately from the fourth week of pregnancy.1 the connective tissue and the vascular system are derived from the cranial neural crest cell de... | the tongue plays a fundamental role in several bodily functions ; in the case of a dysfunction , an exhaustive knowledge of manual techniques to treat the tongue is useful in order to help patients on their path toward recovery .
a 30-year - old male patient with a recent history of whiplash , with increasing cervica... |
the head and neck region is the most frequent site where a burn injury occurs .
these percentages vary between 27 to 60% , depending on country , the setting and the definition of what constitutes a facial burn .
children represent 25 to 50 % of the total burn population and the prevalence of facial burns in childr... | facial burns are generally considered severe .
this is due to the possibility of respiratory complications .
first responders check the nostrils for singed hairs . in severe cases
there may be soot around the nose and mouth and coughing may produce phlegm that includes ash .
facial and inhalational burns compro... |
the most common etiology of upper gastrointestinal ( gi ) bleeding is peptic ulcer disease .
various studies have reported the advantages of pump proton inhibitor drugs ( ppi ) over histamine receptor blockers and placebo for lowering the complications of gi bleeding .
the preference of ppi drugs in comparison with... | background the appropriate dose of proton pump inhibitors for treatment of patients with upper ( gi ) bleeding remains controversial .
this study compares high - dose versus low - dose intravenous proton pump inhibitor ( ppi ) infusion for prevention of gi bleeding complications .
methods
a total of 166 patients ... |
chronic filarial lymphedema is an uncommon etiology for the development of cutaneous angiosarcoma . to the best of our knowledge
lymphedema - associated angiosarcoma also known as lymphangiosarcoma is the commonest type of cutaneous angiosarcoma .
post - mastectomy lymphedema is the most frequent cause , while chro... | lymphedema - associated angiosarcoma also known as lymphangiosarcoma is the commonest type of cutaneous angiosarcoma .
post - mastectomy lymphedema is the most frequent cause , while chronic filarial lymphedema is one of the most uncommon etiology for development of lymphangiosarcoma .
we report a case of a 50 year... |
interstitial lung disease ( ild ) is defined as a specific form of chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonitis limited to the lung .
it is a rare , chronic , progressive , usually fatal interstitial lung disorder ( 1 - 3 ) . in children , interstitial pneumonitis ( ip )
presents with a wide spectrum of histologic ab... | most of the interstitial lung diseases are rare , chronic , progressive and fatal disorders , especially in familial form .
the etiology of the majority of interstitial lung disease is still unknown .
host susceptibility , genetic and environmental factors may influence clinical expression of each disease . with fa... |
the adjacent structures include the spleen , transverse colon , liver , diaphragm , pancreas , abdominal wall , adrenal gland , small intestine , and retroperitoneum .
while the treatment strategy for locally advanced gastric cancer remains controversial , patients with proven t4 disease who achieve an r0 resection h... | surgeons occasionally encounter a patient with a gastric cancer invading an adjacent organ , such as the pancreas , liver , or transverse colon .
although there is no established guideline for treatment of invasive gastric cancer , combined resection with radical gastrectomy is conventionally performed for curative p... |
september 2011 , mosquito larvae were collected in irrigated rice fields surrounding tiassal , southern cte divoire ( 55247n ; 44948w ) and reared to adults in insectaries on a diet of mikromin ( tetra , melle , germany ) fish food .
mosquitoes , 35 days of age , were exposed to 1 of 5 insecticides ( 0.1% bendiocarb ... | preventing malaria used to seem as simple as killing the vector , the mosquito ; however , a recent study shows that this concept is now anything but simple .
the highly effective use of insecticide - treated bed nets and indoor insecticide spraying is being challenged by mosquito resistance to insecticides . in west... |
many studies have shown a significant role for thyroid hormones in the development and maturation of the mammalian central nervous system.1,2 these hormones regulate axonal and dendritic growth and synapse formation.3 growth retardation and severe cognitive impairment are known complications following thyroid hormone d... | introduction : severe cognitive impairment follows thyroid hormone deficiency during the neonatal period .
the role of nitric oxide ( no ) in learning and memory has been widely investigated.methods:this study aimed to investigate the effect of hypothyroidism during neonatal and juvenile periods on no metabolites in ... |
organochlorines are persistent lipophilic compounds that accumulate in inuit people living in circumpolar countries .
organochlorines accumulate as a result of the inuits ' large consumption of sea mammal fat ; however , available data are limited to blood lipids , milk fat , and adipose tissue .
we report results ... | |
a 35-year - old male , who suffered from tinnitus in the right side since childhood , presented in emergency with a history of sudden and severe headache of two hours duration . there was no associated relevant history and he was alert and oriented .
there was slight nuchal rigidity and bruit could be heard in the oc... | dural arteriovenous fistula ( davf ) is classically defined as abnormal arteriovenous connections located within the dural leaflets .
though the exact etiology is still not clear , they are generally accepted as acquired lesions .
however , some davfs formed as the congenital disorders are called dural arteriovenou... |
dynamic interactions between proteins and dna underlie many biological processes and , as such , are the subject of intense investigation .
numerous laboratories are now tackling these problems using new optical microscopy - based methods that enable the direct visualization of dna molecules or proteindna complexes a... | single - molecule studies of biological macromolecules can benefit from new experimental platforms that facilitate experimental design and data acquisition . here
we develop new strategies to construct curtains of dna in which the molecules are aligned with respect to one another and maintained in an extended configu... |
proteins are the major components of the living cell . they play crucial roles in the maintenance of life and protein dysfunctions may cause development of various pathological conditions .
although for a very long time it has been believed that the specific functionality of a given protein is predetermined by its un... | contrarily to the general believe , many biologically active proteins lack stable tertiary and/or secondary structure under physiological conditions in vitro .
these intrinsically disordered proteins ( idps ) are highly abundant in nature and many of them are associated with various human diseases .
the functional ... |
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