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use of antiepileptic drugs ( aeds ) during pregnancy presents the dilemma of minimising the risk of seizure and avoiding adverse effects in the unborn child .
various studies revealed that prenatal exposure of aeds imparts serious effects on infants [ 13 ] .
further , prenatal exposures to aeds were also reported t... | use of antiepileptic drugs ( aeds ) in pregnancy warrants various side effects and also deleterious effects on fetal development .
the present study was carried out to assess the effects of prenatal exposure to lamotrigine ( ltg ) on postnatal development and behavioural alterations of offspring .
adult male and fe... |
a hemangioma can rarely be pedunculated ; as a result , it may undergo torsion and infarction , which can make it symptomatic .
we report the case of a 45-year - old woman with acute abdominal pain due to torsion of a giant pedunculated hepatic hemangioma around its vascular stalk .
pedunculated hemangioma of the l... | introductionhemangioma is the most common benign tumor of the liver .
most cases are asymptomatic and do not require treatment .
a hemangioma can rarely be pedunculated ; as a result , it may undergo torsion and infarction , which can make it symptomatic.case presentationwe report the case of a 45-year - old woman ... |
many studies have examined the effects and treatment of post - stroke depression ( psd).1 patients with left - sided basal ganglia lesions have shown a significantly higher frequency and severity of depression compared with patients with right - sided basal ganglia or thalamic lesions.2 emotional lability described as... | many emotional disturbances such as post - stroke depression ( psd ) and emotional incontinence ( ei ) commonly occur following cerebrovascular events .
the efficacy of antidepressants for these conditions has been established but their comorbid treatment has not been well characterized . in the current study ,
the... |
those who registered for hiv pre - test counseling from january 2008 to august 2010 in a prestigious medical college hospital formed the basis of the study . those tested positive in 2010 were interviewed in detail .
a comprehensive schedule was evolved for counseling of the positive cases as a preventive measure and... | background : considerable clinical research has been conducted to increase our knowledge in understanding the underlying neuropathological significance of hiv viral infection.aim:to find the incidence of hiv associated dementia in a suburban part of india.materials and methods:6135 prospective cases from january 2008 t... |
lung fibroblasts play an important role in the repair processes following lung injury and contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) . impaired
repair function of lung fibroblasts could result in emphysema , while overproduction of extracellular matrix by fibroblasts may lead to ... | in the current study , we investigated the effect of a long - acting -agonist ( salmeterol ) and a phosphodiesterase 4 ( pde4 ) inhibitor ( cilomilast ) on human lung fibroblast - mediated collagen gel contraction .
higher concentrations of salmeterol ( 107 and 106 m ) inhibited fibroblast - mediated collagen gel co... |
worldwide prevalence of diabetes has been recently increased over two - fold and is estimated to affect 439 million people by the year 2030 ( 1 , 2 ) .
diabetes is a complex metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose level resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action ( 2 ) . 1
, 25-dihydroxyvita... | background : vitamin d ( vit d ) affects glucose metabolism . receptors of vitamin d have been identified in cells and studies show that vitamin d deficiency reduces glucose - stimulated insulin secretion ( gsis).objectives : the aim of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin d on insulin release from isolated... |
necrobiosis lipoidica ( nl ) is a disease with clinical features that are seldom misinterpreted .
a 67-year - old woman was admitted to our department with a well - defined , persistent plaque on her right shin ( fig
the old lesion , which was located on the anterior surface of the shin , was characterized by sharp... | we present a case of necrobiosis lipoidica ( nl ) with atypical early lesions and good response to topical tacrolimus .
nl is a disease with clinical features that are seldom misinterpreted .
often histology just confirms the clinician 's diagnosis . only in rare cases , the clinical presentation and
the involved... |
the call to action on diabetes by the international diabetes federation was based on a clear message that diabetes is everyone 's business.(1 ) we see tremendous efforts in this space both from the government , as well as from non - governmental organizations , researchers , academicians , and corporate sector .
the... | contextrising number of diabetes cases in india calls for collaboration between the public and private sectors.aims:municipal corporation of greater mumbai ( mcgm ) partnered with eli lilly and company ( india ) [ eli lilly ] to strengthen the capacity of their diabetes clinics.materials and methodsmedical officers , d... |
ellis - van creveld ( evc ) syndrome , also called chondroectodermal dysplasia , mesoectodermal dysplasia , or chondrodystrophy , is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder [ 1 , 2 ] .
its reported incidence in amish population of pennsylvania , usa , is one in 1,500,000 live births and in non - amish populati... | chondroectodermal dysplasia ( ellis - van creveld syndrome ) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital abnormality .
this syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of clinical findings , among which chondrodystrophy , polydactyly , ectodermal dysplasia , and congenital cardiac anomalies are the most common .
it is imp... |
the golden triad for a successful outcome in posterior urethral anastomosis ( pua ) has been defined as complete excision of scarred tissue , a lateral fixation of healthy urethral end mucosa , and the creation of a tension - free anastomosis . even in patients with unfavorable conditions , such as a stricture gap that... | purposewe evaluated the preoperative clinical factors that affect the surgical outcome of posterior urethral anastomosis ( pua ) with a gracilis muscle flap ( gmf ) to determine which factors predict benefit from the use of the gmf.materials and methodsthis was a retrospective analysis of 49 patients who underwent a de... |
attempts to define life have touched nearly every scientific discipline and have been a long - standing subject in philosophy .
even when limited to the realm of biology , the definitions of life fall short of universal agreement and remain a widely debated subject .
the practice of reductionism , whereby life is c... | what is the minimum number of genes or functions necessary to support cellular life ?
the concept of a ' minimal genome ' has become popular , but is it a useful concept , and if so , what might a minimal genome encode ?
we argue that the concept may be useful , even though the goal of defining a general minimal ge... |
opening of the asylum in hadzi sinan tekke in sarajevo in the eighteenth century practically meant the beginning of an organized health services in bosnia and herzegovina ( 1 ) .
the first hospital was the one in sarajevo , named vakuf hospital , built in year 1866 .
austro - hungarian administration in our country... | summaryconflict of interest : none declaredthere is a relatively low amount of historical data about development of infectology in bosnia and herzegovina , but that does not mean that these medical disciplines did nt have important events and actors that are important for the development of this medical discipline in b... |
it is a common disease in tropical and subtropical regions with a worldwide prevalence of 2%7%.1 although historically described as a degenerative condition , it is more closely associated with inflammation and progressive fibrovascular proliferation.2 a pterygium commonly grows from the nasal side of the bulbar conjun... | purposethe aim of this study was to detect the clinical and histological effects of preoperative subconjunctival injection of both bevacizumab and mitomycin c ( mmc ) 1 month before the surgical excision of primary pterygium using a bare sclera technique.patients and methodsa total of 20 patients with primary pterygium... |
there are two main mechanisms ensuring the efficient transfer of amyloidogenic proteins
from the cytosolic or extracellular milieu to neuronal plasma membranes .
the first one is
the reduction of dimensionality ( from 3d to 2d ) that occurs when a soluble protein
dissolved in the b... | alzheimer , parkinson and other neurodegenerative diseases involve a series of brain
proteins , referred to as amyloidogenic proteins , with exceptional
conformational plasticity and a high propensity for self - aggregation .
although the
mechanisms by which amyloidogenic proteins... |
atherosclerosis , a progressive inflammatory disease , results in the development of plaques within the arterial walls that may contain intracellular and extracellular lipids , a variety of inflammatory cells , extracellular matrix , smooth muscle cells , fibroblasts , and calcification [ 14 ] .
acute coronary syndro... | inflammation as a core pathological event of atherosclerotic lesions is associated with the secretion of cathepsin proteases and the expression of v3 integrin .
we employed fluorescence molecular tomographic ( fmt ) noninvasive imaging of these molecular activities using cathepsin sensing ( prosense , catb fast ) and... |
parasitological study - laboratory breeding scheme for
snails - the snails used in this study were originally obtained from water
channels running in alexandria governorate ( egypt ) and were maintained for two years in
the parasitology department , faculty of medicine , alexandria university , egypt .
the
sn... | of the approximately 34 identified biomphalaria
species , biomphalaria alexandrina represents the
intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni in egypt . using
parasitological and sod1 enzyme assay , this study aimed to elucidate the impact of
the age of b. alexandrina snails on their genetic variability and
inte... |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a serious lung disease that severely threatens people s health .
copd has become a global health problem and is expected to be the third leading cause of mortality worldwide by 2020 .
the main characteristics of copd are persistent airflow limitation and acute respi... | backgroundchronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a serious lung disease that severely threatens people s health .
this study aimed to investigate the effects of heliox - driven nebulization ( hdn ) on lung function and arterial blood gases in a copd rat model.material/methodstwelve healthy male wistar rats... |
a fecal specimen was obtained from a piglet experimentally infected with strain ska-1 , which was first isolated from a pig with diarrhea in tottori prefecture , japan .
rna was extracted from a 20% fecal suspension in phosphate - buffered saline by using the isogen - ls kit ( nippon gene ltd . ,
( 13 ) with some m... | we determined nucleotide sequences and inferred amino acid sequences of viral protein ( vp ) 4 , vp6 , vp7 , and nonstructural protein 4 genes of a porcine rotavirus strain ( ska-1 ) from japan .
the strain was closely related to a novel group of human rotavirus strains ( b219 and j19 ) . |
the worldwide growth in childhood obesity ( apfelbacher et al . 2008 ; stamatakis et al . 2010 ) in connection with a corresponding decline in physical activity ( pa ) and inappropriate dietary patterns ( edwards et al .
2005 ) has led to the need for open discussion regarding possible effective methods of increasing... | objectivesthis study examines whether moderate - to - vigorous physical activity ( mvpa ) , in at least 30-min school breaks ( sb ) , helps to achieve the health - related amount of daily physical activity ( pa ) and whether these exercises influence after - school pa.methodsthe actitrainer - based pa was monitored ove... |
renal transplantation ( rt ) as an effective mode of treatment of end stage renal disease has gained popularity across the world .
, rt provides a much better overall outcome . with technological advances and availability of effective therapy for immunosuppression the life expectancy after rt has gone up .
that giv... | the objective of this study was to determine anxiety and depression and its relationship with quality of life ( qol ) in renal transplant ( rt ) recipients .
a total of 105 consecutive patients were assessed cross - sectionally at least 3 months after rt .
hospital anxiety and depression scale was applied to assess... |
genetic susceptibility and exposure to neurotoxins are contributors to brain tissue malfunction and neuronal cell loss .
environmental toxins influence pd onset ( rajput 2001 ) and are also suggested to be involved in atypical parkinsonian syndromes ( caparros - lefebvre and lees 2005 ) and progressive supranuclear p... | decreased blood brain barrier ( bbb ) efflux function of the p - glycoprotein ( p - gp ) transport system could facilitate the accumulation of toxic compounds in the brain , increasing the risk of neurodegenerative pathology such as parkinson s disease ( pd ) .
this study investigated in vivo bbb p - gp function in ... |
the demand for an effective fabrication method for a large - area nanostructure array has recently stimulated increased interest and research activities in the fields of optics and optoelectronics , including photovoltaic cells , light - emitting devices , and photo - detectors .
two - dimensional arrays of nanostruc... | an alternative method is presented for fabricating an antireflective nanostructure array using nanosilver colloidal lithography .
spin coating was used to produce the multilayered silver nanoparticles , which grew by self - assembly and were transformed into randomly distributed nanosilver islands through the thermod... |
pregnancy - induced hypertension ( pih ) , a leading complication in pregnancy that affects the mother and fetus , is becoming more frequent mainly because of increasing maternal age .
maternal obesity , a basal condition that increases the risk of pih 3-fold , has also increased over the decades . on the other hand ... | increased insulin resistance and inflammatory action are observed in pregnancy - induced hypertension ( pih ) , but similar insulin resistance is observed also in successful pregnancy . to estimate insulin resistance and inflammatory activity in normal pregnancy and pih , serum concentrations of free fatty acids ( ffa ... |
it is essential in child development of language and includes the ability to detect , find , discriminate , memorize , recognize , and comprehend sounds .
all the developmental steps of hearing are important and connected ; therefore , the interruption of one or more of the steps induces important damage in the child... | introduction in pregnancy , the mother and fetus share body structures based on the maternal organism . exposure to psychoactive drugs in this period may have repercussions on the baby 's hearing .
therefore , it is necessary to investigate this association .
aim analyze the results of newborn hearing screening (... |
crohn 's disease ( cd ) and ulcerative colitis ( uc ) are the major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases ( ibds ) in humans .
the etiology of ibd is still unknown , but evidence has been accumulated to indicate that environmental and genetic factors contribute to promote an immunopathologic process leading to chron... | crohn 's disease and ulcerative colitis , the major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases ( ibds ) in humans , have been traditionally associated with exaggerated and poorly controlled t helper ( th ) type 1 or th2 cell response , respectively .
more recent studies have , however , shown that ibds are also character... |
each of the options has limitations , such as the need for second site of surgery , limited supply , inadequate size and shape , and the morbidity associated with donor site ; thus , there remains a need for the new option .
synthetic hydroxyapatite is widely used as a bone substitute material because it can bond dir... | objectives . the aim of this paper was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of indonesian silkworm cocoon extract of cricula triphenestrata on human fibroblasts . methods and materials .
the cocoon shells of the silkworm cricula triphenestrata were degumming .
the shells were mixed with an aqueous solution of 0.3% na2co3 a... |
a triad of high triglycerides , low high - density lipoprotein ( hdl ) cholesterol and elevated small dense low - density lipoprotein ( ldl ) particles occurring in a patient with type 2 diabetes is referred to atherogenic diabetic dyslipidemia ( add ) .
insulin resistance at the level of adipocyte causing increased ... | a triad of high triglycerides , low high - density lipoprotein ( hdl ) cholesterol , and elevated small dense low - density lipoprotein particles occurring in a patient with type 2 diabetes is referred to atherogenic diabetic dyslipidemia ( add ) . despite statin therapy
, a significant residual risk remains potentia... |
the gut microbiota , which resides in the gastrointestinal tract ( git ) and is also termed microflora , plays an important role in human health and disease .
the git is comprised of the stomach , the duodenum , the jejunum , the ileum , the colon , the rectum , and the anal canal . the lower digestive tract , specif... | the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining health .
alterations of the gut bacterial population have been associated with a number of diseases .
past and recent studies suggest that one can positively modify the contents of the gut microbiota by introducing prebiotics , probiotics , synbiotics , and oth... |
cancer is a major public health problem all over the world , and has become one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality .
the epidemiology of cancer is influenced by the aging and growth of the world population and a rise in cancer - causing behaviors ; therefore , the global burden of cancer is rapidly incr... | backgroundmany epidemiology studies have indicated that polymorphisms in icam-1 are associated with a variety of cancers , but published data are contradictory and inconclusive .
therefore , we conducted the current meta - analysis to elaborate the effects of icam-1 polymorphisms ( rs5491 , rs3093030 , rs281432 , and... |
the and subunits of pcc were co - expressed in e. coli , with a his - tag on the subunit .
crystals were obtained by the microbatch method under oil , and the structures were determined by the molecular replacement method .
frozen hydrated human pcc particles at 70 g / ml concentration were imaged at 50,000 magn... | propionyl - coenzyme a carboxylase ( pcc ) , a mitochondrial biotin - dependent enzyme , is essential for the catabolism of the amino acids thr , val , ile and met , cholesterol , and fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms .
deficiencies of pcc activity in humans are linked to the disease propionic acidemia (... |
46,xx gonadal dysgenesis is a rare genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by underdeveloped ovaries with consequent , impuberism , primary amenorrhea , and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and occurs in < 1 in 10,000 women .
the forms of 46,xx gonadal dysgenesis not associated with somatic malformations are m... | 46,xx gonadal dysgenesis is a rare genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by underdeveloped ovaries with consequent , impuberism , primary amenorrhea , and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism .
mullerian agenesis or mayer - rokitansky - kuster - hauser ( mrkh ) syndrome is characterized by congenital aplasia of ... |
clay - shoveler 's fracture is isolated spinous process avulsion fracture classically observed in the lower cervical or upper thoracic spine .
this type of fracture is most common in those who engaged in hard physical labor3,6,7 ) .
recently , several cases of isolated spinous process fractures that are caused by m... | the clay - shoveler 's fracture is an isolated avulsion fracture of the lower cervical or upper thoracic spinous process . among them , multiple spinous process fractures are very rare .
we present 34-year - old male patient who have multiple spinous process fractures with twelve contiguous levels of cervico - thorac... |
during june august 2010 , a total of 152 fecal samples were collected from the rectums of piglets ( age 13 months ; weight 624 kg ) , fattening pigs ( age 34 months ; weight 2550 kg ) , and sows ( age 12 years ; weight 180250 kg ) .
the pigs were raised in 6 farrow - to - finish farms , 2 fattening farms , and 1 wea... | the world is home to more than 1 billion pigs , which produce large quantities of feces . we know that some organisms in pig feces can cause human disease , and now we might have another to add to the list .
little is known about where the common intestinal parasite dientamoeba fragilis comes from and how it is sprea... |
a 3 year old girl initially presented at an outside institution with bruising on her left shoulder at 3 months of age . she was diagnosed with an infantile hemangioma , which did not respond to subsequent standard treatment consisting of six laser therapy treatments and 8 months of propranolol .
continued enlargeme... | peripheral vascular malformations ( vms ) are complex and diverse vascular lesions which require individualized pretreatment planning .
pretreatment imaging using various modalities , especially magnetic resonance imaging and time - resolved magnetic resonance angiography , is a valuable tool for classifying peripher... |
discharge with discharge against medical advice ( dama ) is a major problem for inpatient care delivery considered as one of the indicators of patient dissatisfaction ( 1 , 2 ) .
dama means a rejection of the permission previously given by the patient to allow health services providers to take care of him ( 3 ) .
d... | background : discharge against medical advice ( dama ) is a problem for hospitals which may result in increasing readmissions , morbidities , inabilities , deaths and health care costs .
this study , aimed to investigate the rate and causes of dama in iranian hospitals.methods:a systematic review and meta - analysis ... |
there are controversies surrounding the role of diuretic renal scans when deciding on conservative therapy or surgery in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction ( upjo ) .
it remains difficult to choose an optimal time for surgery as a result of the high variability in renal function , the degree of obstruct... | purposediuretic 99mtc - diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ( tc - dtpa ) renal scans may show false - negative or false - positive results in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction ( upjo ) .
we evaluated whether modified differential renal function ( drf ) revised by the renal cross - sectional area on ima... |
recently , the demand for aesthetic restorative materials such as composite resins has greatly increased .
resin composites are the most commonly used aesthetic restorative materials due to their universal usage , resemblance to tooth structure in color and mechanical properties , requiring minimal removal of tooth s... | objectives : this study aimed to evaluate the effects of chlorhexidine mouthrinses on color stability of nanofilled and micro - hybrid resin - based composites.materials and methods : in this in - vitro study , 160 disc - shaped specimens ( 7x2 mm ) were fabricated of filtek z250 and filtek z350xt enamel ( a2 shade ) .... |
for many purposes , it is useful to have a list of protein sequences of known structure from entries in the protein data bank ( pdb ) ( 1 ) that fit certain user - defined criteria .
these purposes include statistical analysis of certain structural features , such as side - chain rotamer distributions ( 2 ) , benchma... | pisces is a database server for producing lists of sequences from the protein data bank ( pdb ) using a number of entry- and chain - specific criteria and mutual sequence identity .
our goal in culling the pdb is to provide the longest list possible of the highest resolution structures that fulfill the sequence ident... |
various surgical techniques have been developed to optimize esthetic outcomes even in operations for malignancy . unlike other parts of the body ,
thus , it is crucial to minimize postoperative scarring in these areas , especially in neck dissection ( nd ) .
robot - assisted and endoscopic - assisted surgeries are ... | various surgical techniques , such as endoscopic surgery and robotic surgery , are developed to optimize the esthetic outcome even in operations for malignancy . a modified face - lift or retroauricular approach
are used to minimize postoperative scarring .
recently , robot - assisted surgery is being done in vario... |
ractopamine hydrochloride ( rachcl , mw 337.85 , ( 1r*,3r*),(1r*,3s*)-4-hydroxy - r-[[[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropyl]amino]methyl]-benzenemethanol hydrochloride ( figure 1 ) ) is a phenethanolamine member of the family of -adrenergic agonists ( -agonists ) .
these compounds are mainly used in human and veterinar... | to determine ractopamine residues in animal food products ( chicken muscle , pettitoes , pig muscle , and pig liver ) , we established a rapid direct competitive enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) using a polyclonal antibody generated from ractopamine - linker - bsa .
the antibody showed high sensitivity a... |
about a thousand complete microbial genomes have been sequenced to date [ 961 genomes in the genomes on line database ( gold ) on 1 april 2009 ( 1 ) ] , and many different methods have been used to predict genes , yielding large differences in gene annotation even across closely related species .
furthermore , very f... | the microbe browser is a web server providing comparative microbial genomics data .
it offers comprehensive , integrated data from genbank , refseq , uniprot , interpro , gene ontology and the orthologs matrix project ( oma ) database , displayed along with gene predictions from five software packages .
the microbe... |
organophosphate ( op ) and paraquat ( pq ) pesticide ingestion is a serious health problem especially in developing countries , since op compounds were involved in 76% of pesticide poisoning [ 1 , 2 ] and pq self - poisoning has the highest case fatality ( 65% ) for any poisoning in sri lanka .
the two important path... | organophosphate ( op ) and paraquat ( pq ) ingestion is a serious health problem .
a common pathology behind op or pq poisoning is the generation of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) which is known to cause ototoxicity .
the aim of the study was to identify the effects of deliberate ingestion of op or pq on brain ste... |
there are currently large african immigrant populations living in philadelphia and other united states cities [ 1 , 2 ] . some of these new immigrants arrive hiv - infected and co - infected with tb and other parasitic diseases such as malaria , filariasis and other helminthes [ 3 , 4 ] .
accordingly , the prevalence... | objectives to describe the social and cultural differences between anglophone and francophone african immigrants which define the impediments that francophone african immigrants face trying to access health and human services in philadelphia , pennsylvania . methods surveys and personal interviews were administered to ... |
dna origami robots were designed using cadnano 2.0 ( http://cadnano.org ) , and folded using m13mp18 ssdna as scaffold strand in tae buffer containing 10 mm magnesium .
robots were imaged using tem and afm , and their states were measured using flow cytometry .
adult blaberus discoidalis were maintained at constant... | biological systems are collections of discrete molecular objects that move around and collide with each other .
cells carry out elaborate processes by precisely controlling these collisions , but developing artificial machines that can interface with and control such interactions remains a significant challenge .
d... |
according to the world health organization ( who ) , depression was ranked as the third leading cause of the global burden of disease in 2004 and will move into the first place by 2030 .
worldwide , the fifth contributor to the burden of disease in 2020 is predicted to be copd.1,2 as defined by american thoracic soci... | backgroundseveral clinical studies suggest common underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of copd and depressive / anxiety disorders .
we aim to evaluate psychopathological and physical effects of aerobic exercise , proposed in the context of pulmonary rehabilitation , in a sample of copd patients , through the correlatio... |
it is an acquired pigmentary disorder characterised by more or less symmetrically distributed , medium- to dark - brown macules with well - defined geographic borders , affecting sun - exposed areas particularly forehead , cheeks , temples and upper lip .
multiple etiological factors implicated such as exposure to ul... | background : melasma is a common cause of facial hyperpigmentation with significant cosmetic deformity . although several treatment modalities are available , none is satisfactory.aim:to compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid ( ta ) microinjections versus tranexamic acid with microneedling in me... |
due to the changes in work demands of the nursing faculties and clinical setting , nursing teachers are having difficulties fulfilling multiple roles expectations and balancing the various dimensions of their roles ( 1 ) .
nursing teachers inevitably endure a lot of stress ( 2 ) , while complex work - related require... | background : nursing teachers have difficulties fulfilling multiple roles expectations and balancing the various dimensions of their roles that may lead to role strain . in order to lack of culturally and academically proper scale in iran to measure role strain in nursing teachers
, localizing a foreign scale in this... |
parkinson 's disease ( pd ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with various motor and non - motor features that adversely affect function to varying degrees depending on the patient7 ) .
pd typically affects patients in the seventh decade , and the cardinal signs of pd include resting tremor , rig... | parkinson 's disease ( pd ) patients frequently have several spinal deformities leading to postural instabilities including camptocormia , myopathy - induced postural deformity , pisa syndrome , and progressive degeneration , all of which adversely affect daily life activities . to improve these postural deformities an... |
intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring used can effectively guide the use of fluid resuscitation with the goal of reducing length of stay- . non- or minimally - invasive methods of determining cardiac output ( co ) may allow guided fluid therapy in a goal - directed fashion and mitigate the risks inherent in insertion o... | abstractas part of the enhanced recovery after surgery ( eras ) protocol , the goal - directed fluid management with hemodynamic monitoring can effectively guide perioperative fluid use and significantly improve the outcomes in high - risk patients undergoing major surgeries .
several minimally invasive and non - inv... |
superior mesenteric artery syndrome is an uncommon cause of duodenal obstruction , and its manifestations are generally associated with compression on the third part of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery .
in this report , a patient is described presenting with epigastric pain and... | introduction : superior mesenteric artery syndrome is an uncommon cause of duodenal obstruction , and its manifestations are generally associated with compression on the third part of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery.case presentation : in this report , a patient is described pres... |
recent phase iii trials have demonstrated the benefits of maintenance therapy with pemetrexed for metastatic non - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) [ 1 , 2 ] .
pemetrexed maintenance therapy improved progression - free survival and overall survival by both continuation and switch maintenance strategies . with the sup... | maintenance pemetrexed offers survival benefit with well - tolerated toxicities for advanced non - squamous non - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) .
we present 3 consecutively enrolled patients with advanced non - squamous nsclc , receiving stereotactic ablative radiotherapy ( sabr ) for oligoprogressive disease duri... |
hemorrhagic cystitis ( hc ) is a diffuse inflammatory state of the urinary bladder that can occur as a complication of radiotherapy , chemotherapy , or infection .
it may result in hemorrhage of the bladder mucosa , which is observed clinically as hematuria
. the focus of this article will be on radiation - induced... | introductionwe present the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy ( hbot ) after radiotherapy for cancer in the pelvic cavity resulting in hematuria . increasing
the pressure of oxygen ( po2 ) in ischemic tissues favors the formation of new blood vessels and increases the secretion of collagen.material and methodswe eva... |
one of the goals of pediatrics is children s achievement of maximum growth and development .
periodic surveillance of normal growth and development and screening for abnormalities are the major ways to achieve this goal . to this end
, birth weight is considered the most important index of neonates growth and the m... | background : birth weight is considered as the most important index of neonates growth as well as the most important determinant of infants mortality .
this study was conducted to investigate the growth pattern in normal , low and very low birth weight neonates for 18 months in the health care centers of isfahan , ir... |
conventional orthognathic surgery and craniofacial reconstruction have experienced widespread success , but several limitations are associated with these treatment modalities .
distraction osteogenesis is the process of new bone formation at the vascularized margin of bone segments separated by incremental traction .... | distraction osteogenesis is a method of inducing new bone formation by applying mechanical strains on preexisting bone .
the process of osteogenesis in the periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement is similar to the osteogenesis in the midpalatal suture during rapid palatal expansion .
a new concept of... |
two techniques have been developed for the percutaneous placement of bilateral self - expandable metallic stent ( sems ) for palliative drainage : stent - in - stent and side - by - side deployment techniques , in which two tubular stents were used for bilateral sems deployment , including y and t - configured stent pl... | we report a case in an inoperable patient with type iv klatskin tumor treated by the use of a novel , two piece , y - configured self - expandable metallic stent ( sems ) combined with two 125i seed strands via bilateral approach .
the placement of the y - shaped sems was successful and resulted in adequate biliary d... |
paracetamol belongs to the class of medications called analgesic ( pain reliever ) and antipyretic ( fever reducer ) and is widely used as an over - the - counter ( otc ) pain and fever medication to relieve mild to moderate pain from head , muscle , menstrual period , cold , sore throat , tooth , reactions to vaccinat... | background : paracetamol , a widely used analgesic and antipyretic , is known to cause liver and renal injury in humans when administered in higher and repeated doses that cause acute liver injury .
triphala is a well - known ayurvedic rasayana formulation that is prescribed for balancing of vata , pitta and kapha . ... |
mixed gonadal dysgenesis is a condition of unusual and asymmetrical gonadal development leading to an unassigned sex differentiation .
a number of differences have been reported in the karyotype , most commonly a mosaicism 45,x/ 46 , xy .
a 16-year - old person , reared as female , born out of nonconsanguineous mar... | a 16-year - old person , reared as female presented with complaints of genital ambiguity and primary amenorrhoea along with lack of secondary sexual characters , but without short stature and turner 's stigmata .
she was taking steroids after being misdiagnosed as congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( cah ) .
karyotype ... |
the colonic epithelial lining is a highly regenerative tissue , with resident stem cells replenishing the tissue every few days .
this process of regeneration requires the maintenance of a proliferative stem cell compartment . over time , the newly produced daughter cells lose their proliferative potential and migrat... | the colonic mucosal tissue provides a vital barrier to luminal antigens . this barrier is composed of a monolayer of simple columnar epithelial cells .
the colonic epithelium is dynamically turned over and epithelial cells are generated in the stem cell containing crypts of lieberkhn .
progenitor cells produced in ... |
treating cognitive impairment , along with motor recovery and improving performance in daily activities , is one of the key focus areas of stroke rehabilitation .
as cognition is closely related to patient motivation and motor function improvement , implementing cognitive function treatment in a timely and effective ... | background and purposeto investigate whether transcranial direct - current stimulation ( tdcs ) can improve cognition in stroke patients.methodsforty-five stroke patients ( 20 males and 25 females , average age : 62.7 years ) with cognitive dysfunction were included in this prospective , double - blinded , randomized c... |
cell signaling pathways
are largely organized via a specific recruitment
of signaling effector proteins to their target membranes and a confined
release of calcium ions .
the quintessential example of this is the
action of phospholipase c ( plc ) that binds and hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol
4,5-bisphospha... | the
orchestrated recognition of phosphoinositides and concomitant
intracellular release of ca2 + is pivotal to almost every
aspect of cellular processes , including membrane homeostasis , cell
division and growth , vesicle trafficking , as well as secretion .
although
ca2 + is known to directly impact phosp... |
stem cells , directed to differentiate into specific cell types , offer the possibility of a renewable source of replacement cells and tissues to treat diseases ( 1 ) .
periodontium has limited capacity for regeneration in early phases of the disease ( 2 ) because of the lack of robust stem cells . in such a scenario... | background and objectivesthe purpose of this first of its kind study was to analyse the growth , development and attachment of cultured human umbilical cord stem cells alone or supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor ( bfgf ) on both healthy and periodontally diseased tooth surfaces in vitro.methodsfour groups... |
early childhood caries ( ecc ) is a common infectious disease involving the maxillary anterior primary teeth more frequently . usually , because of the coronal structure loss
however , the profound psychological impacts of tooth loss , along with its untoward effects on esthetics , mastication , speech and growth , s... | objective : the aim of this study was to comparatively assess the fracture resistance of the cementum - extended and conventional composite fillings with or without intracanal composite posts in severely damaged deciduous incisors.materials and methods : this in vitro study was performed on 60 extracted deciduous maxil... |
rotational atherectomy ( ra ) was introduced in the interventional arena in 1988 as a dedicated device for calcified lesions . due to the complexity of the technique , the development of alternative methods such as the cutting balloon procedure , and the high restenosis rate of subsequent bare metal stenting in long le... | rotational atherectomy ( ra ) was introduced in the interventional arena in 1988 as a dedicated device for calcified lesions . due to the complexity of the technique , the development of alternative methods such as the cutting balloon procedure , and the high restenosis rate of subsequent bare metal stenting in long le... |
in recent years , total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy ( tlpd ) has been implemented at the advanced centres on a regular basis .
pancreatic resection is technically challenging due to anatomic factors such as the organ 's retroperitoneal location and close proximity to the duodenum and major vasculature . as a... | background : recently , total laparoscopic pancreatectomy has been performed at many centres as an alternative to open surgery . in this study
, we aimed to present the difficulties that we have encountered in converting from classic open pancreaticoduodenectomy to total laparoscopic pancreatectomy.materials and meth... |
surveillance of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks was initiated just over a decade ago at the national institute for public health and the environment in the netherlands ( rivm ) .
outbreaks were typically reported by the municipal health service or the food inspection services to the rivm , and samples were collected ... | from 1994 through 2005 , gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by norovirus generally increased in the netherlands , with 3 epidemic seasons associated with new ggii.4 strains . increased percentages of ggii.4 strains during these epidemics , followed by a sharp decrease in their absolute and relative numbers , suggest deve... |
huangqi can tonify qi , and yinyanghuo can support yang ; the two are commonly used in chinese clinical medicine in the treatment of qi deficiency , yang insufficiency , and other diseases .
they can also promote osteoblast function , increase calcified bones , and promote dna synthesis of bone marrow cells ; an in v... | to screen the optimal extraction process and content determination of active component of huangqi yinyanghuo group ( hyg ) and to study the effects of hyg on human telomerase reverse transcriptase ( htert ) and bcl-2 protein in osteosarcoma ( hos ) cells , providing the theoretical basis for clinical application of hyg... |
in 2000 , the national research council ( nrc ) , an arm of the national academy of sciences , released a report entitled , " toxicological effects of methylmercury " that nrc committee reviewed the existing literature on the health effects associated with exposure to methylmercury ( mehg ) , including relatively low -... | in 2000 , the national research council ( nrc ) , an arm of the national academy of sciences , released a report entitled , " toxicological effects of methylmercury . "
the overall conclusion of that report was that , at levels of exposure in some fish- and marine mammal - consuming communities ( including those in t... |
clinical symptoms in diseased calves : case 1 : in may 2010 , a holstein calf
( female , 84 days old ) showed anorexia , pyrexia and diarrhea in a depositary raising farm in
yamaguchi prefecture . despite treatment with antibiotics ( kanamycin and tylosin ) ,
sulfamonomethoxine and antipyretic , the calf died 20 ... | chlamydia pecorum ( designated 2258 ) was isolated in 2010 in
hmlu-1 cells from the jejunum of a calf which died of necrotizing enterocolitis in
yamaguchi prefecture , japan .
immunohistochemical staining identified c.
pecorum positive reactions in the jejunal villi .
c. pecorum ,
designated 24100 , was iso... |
external - beam radiation therapy ( ebrt ) with intracavitary high - dose - rate ( hdr ) brachytherapy is the standard treatment modality for advanced cervical cancer .
although long - term survival rates in patients with cervical cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy ( rt ) have improved considerably in recent... | external - beam radiation therapy with intracavitary high - dose - rate brachytherapy is the standard treatment modality for advanced cervical cancer ; however , late gastrointestinal complications are a major concern after radiotherapy .
while radiation proctitis is a well - known side effect and radiation oncologis... |
subtle , asymmetric variation of the contralateral structures of the head and face occur commonly in the general population in the absence of any local lesion or condition .
occasionally , a gross asymmetry easily perceptible to the eye may occur which progresses slowly but steadily and exhibits asymmetric developmen... | congenital hemifacial hyperplasia ( chh ) is a rare congenital malformation characterized by marked unilateral overdevelopment of hard and soft tissues of the face .
asymmetry in chh is usually evident at birth and accentuated with age , especially at puberty .
the affected side grows at a rate proportional to the ... |
molecular
dynamics ( md ) has had a long and important history in
computational biology and has made many recent contributions
toward understanding a variety of biological phenomena , including
protein folding , protein ligand binding , and conformational change
of large biomolecules .
though running a larg... | the allure of a molecular dynamics
simulation is that , given a
sufficiently accurate force field , it can provide an atomic - level
view of many interesting phenomena in biology .
however , the result
of a simulation is a large , high - dimensional time series that is difficult
to interpret .
recent work... |
in recent years a lot of effort has been
undertaken in order to
prepare and investigate ordered structures of -conjugated organic
molecules on nanoscopic and mesoscopic scales .
the interest of both
fundamental and applied science was mainly driven by the goal to understand
and improve the properties of mat... | the morphology and structure of sexithiophene deposited
on kcl
( 100 ) substrates was investigated by scanning force microscopy and
specular x - ray diffraction measurements .
two different needle - like
structures with { 010 } and { 411 } contact planes have been observed
as well as islands of almost uprig... |
in humans , absence of fragile x mental retardation protein ( fmrp ) , an rna - binding protein , results in fragile x syndrome ( fxs ) , the most common inherited form of intellectual disability . here
we report through biochemical and electrophysiological studies that fmrp binds the c - terminus of the slack sodium... | |
mirnas are a class of endogenous and evolutionarily conserved noncoding small rnas ( approximately 22 nucleotides ) that bind to the 3 untranslated regions of target genes . once bound , mirnas repress target gene translation and/or induce the degradation of the target gene mrna .
mirnas are ubiquitously expressed in... | mirnas are important post - transcriptional regulators . the aberrant expression of mirnas is strongly associated with the initiation and progression of pathophysiologic processes in a wide range of human diseases .
scleroderma ( systemic sclerosis ; ssc ) is a highly heterogeneous autoimmune disease that includes th... |
magnetic resonance imaging studies have used a wide range of techniques to explore different properties of the human connectome . a simplified conceptual overview of how some of the most commonly used imaging techniques relate to these properties is presented in figure 1 . a schematic overview of the different neuroima... | psychiatric disorders are phenotypically heterogeneous entities with a complex genetic basis . to mitigate this complexity , many investigators study so - called intermediate phenotypes ( ips ) that putatively provide a more direct index of the physiological effects of candidate genetic risk variants than overt psychia... |
road traffic accidents constitute the most common cause . among the penetrating injuries , gunshot and
stab injury are the main causes in the western world . in india , proper incidence and causes are not known .
though in western literature it is unheard of the arrow injury , it is a common finding in india , espe... | injury of a pregnant lady risks both mother and fetus
. various modes of injuries are possible . but arrow injury is not usually heard of in today 's world .
we have reported a male child delivered with a cut injury on the face .
it was caused by a penetrating arrow hitting his mother in her lower abdomen at term... |
a 37-year - old chinese male presented to the department of ophthalmology and visual sciences , alexandra hospital , singapore , with a history of poor vision in the left eye since childhood .
visual acuity was light perception in the left eye and 20/20 in the right eye .
fundus examination in the left eye revealed... | an observational case report of electrophysiological abnormalities in a patient with anisomyopic amblyopia as a result of unilateral extensive myelinated retinal nerve fibers ( mnfs ) is illustrated .
the electrophysiological readings revealed an abnormal pattern electroretinogram ( perg ) but normal full - field ele... |
the postpartum care ( ppc ) visit is an important opportunity to assess the physical and psychosocial health of the mother .
the american academy of pediatrics ( aap ) and the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists ( acog ) recommend that women , regardless of age , seek postpartum care between 4 and 6 w... | this study aimed to identify actual and perceived barriers to postpartum care among a probability sample of women who gave birth in los angeles county , california in 2007 .
survey data from the 2007 los angeles mommy and baby ( lamb ) study ( n = 4,075 ) were used to identify predictors and barriers to postpartum ca... |
goldman and benedek described the structure of shark ( spin dogfish ) , squalus acanthias , and determined the relationship between morphology and nonswelling properties of the cornea .
the authors described the morphology of the corneal stroma which consisted of parallel running lamellae which are interconnected a... | we report here the ultrastructural organization of collagen fibrils ( cf ) and proteoglycans ( pgs ) of the corneal stroma of both the stingray and the shark .
three corneas from three stingrays and three corneas from three sharks were processed for electron microscopy .
tissues were embedded in taab 031 resin .
... |
successful organ preservation is an important component of transplantationand ensures the maintenance of organ viability until implantationinto the recipient .
currently , heart preservation for transplantationis limited to 4 to 6 hours of cold ischemic storage , and longerperiods of ischemia are known to adversely a... | introductioncurrently , the gold standard for donor organ preservation in clinical organ transplantation consists of 3 plastic bags and an ice box .
the first plastic bag includes the organ itself immersed in preservation solution ( e.g. celsior ) .
this bag is put in a second bag filled with saline , and then thes... |
the most important factor in improving the outcome of a patient with out - of - hospital cardiopulmonary arrest ( ohcpa ) is cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( cpr ) performed by lay persons ( bystanders ) on the scene before contact with an organized emergency medical service ( ems ) .
however , insufficient knowledge ... | background : insufficient knowledge of the risks and complications of cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( cpr ) may be an obstructive factor for cpr , however , particularly for patients who are not clearly suffering out of hospital cardiopulmonary arrest ( oh - cpa ) .
the object of this study was to clarify the potenti... |
studies of disease experiences have been conducted to understand the various stories of what patients suffer through from specific diseases .
the purpose of these studies is to evaluate the sickness by analyzing the patient s physical , psychological , and social conditions over time .
furthermore , the studies can... | backgroundthe purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using text - mining to identify clinical distinctions and patient concerns in online memoires posted by patients with fibromyalgia ( fm).material / methodsa total of 399 memoirs were collected from an fm group website .
the unstructured data of me... |
nelson syndrome is a rare condition defined by enlargement of a pituitary adenoma following bilateral adrenalectomy for treatment of cushing disease.1 the incidence of nelson syndrome in adults varies between 8 and 29%,2 but it may be seen more frequently in patients who undergo adrenalectomy at a younger age.3 the pat... | recurrent pituitary disease presents unique challenges , including in some cases difficulty localizing a tumor radiographically . here , we present the case of a patient with recurrent nelson syndrome whose radiographic work - up was complicated by a significant parasellar metallic artifact .
positron emission tomogr... |
small cell lung cancer ( sclc ) accounts for 20 - 25% of all bronchogenic carcinomas and is associated with the poorest 5-year survival of all histologic types .
it represents a group of highly malignant tumors , giving rise to early and widespread metastasis at the time of diagnosis at sites such as lymph nodes , ad... | small cell lung carcinoma represents a group of highly malignant tumors giving rise to early and widespread metastasis at the time of diagnosis .
however , the pancreas is a relatively infrequent site of metastasis by this neoplasm , and there are only occasional reports on its fine needle aspiration ( fna ) cytology... |
in statistical analysis , regression is used to explore the relationship between k input variables x1 , x2 , , xk ( also known as independent variables or explanatory variables ) and the output variable y ( also called dependent variable or response variable ) from n sets of observations . in linear regression , the m... | in fuzzy set theory , it is well known that a triangular fuzzy number can be uniquely determined through its position and entropies . in the present communication
, we extend this concept on triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number for its one - to - one correspondence with its position and entropies . using the concep... |
they are important in numerous processes , such as energy storage , molecular recognition , and mediation in many biological functions [ 13 ] .
carbohydrates form part of the backbone of rna and dna molecules , and they are also linked to proteins and lipids as glycoproteins and glycolipids .
the complex functions ... | the thermochemical properties hon , son , and gon for the hydration of sodiated and potassiated monosaccharides ( ara = arabinose , xyl = xylose , rib = ribose , glc = glucose , and gal = galactose ) have been experimentally studied in the gas phase at 10 mbar by equilibria measurements using an electrospray ... |
acute coronary syndromes and acute myocardial infarctions are associated with plaque rupture and the formation of thrombi at the site of the rupture 1,2 .
although the presence of thrombi in the coronaries of patients with acute coronary syndromes has been suggested by coronary angiography 3 and confirmed by autopsy ... | acute coronary syndromes and acute myocardial infarctions are often related to plaque rupture and the formation of thrombi at the site of the rupture .
we examined fresh coronary thrombectomy specimens from patients with acute coronary syndromes and assessed their structure and cellularity .
the thrombectomy specim... |
breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women today after lung cancer .
metastatic breast cancer ( mbc ) is deemed incurable and median survival for patients with cancer that is estrogen receptor ( er ) negative or no longer hormonally responsive is only 18 to 24 months [ 1 , 2 ] . a variety of ... | the purpose of the study was to identify predictors of long - term survival in metastatic breast cancer ( mbc ) .
a cohort of 96 patients , who received high - dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support ( hd - asct ) as part of their treatment , was analyzed .
percent long - term survival at 10 years was
... |
autophagy , ancient system necessary to maintain homeostasis in eukaryotic cells , degrades long - lived cytoplasmic proteins and organelles and provides nutrients in starvation or stress conditions ( 1 )
. there are at least three types of autophagy in eukaryotic cells : macroautophagy , microautophagy , and chapero... | autophagy is a fundamental cellular process in eukaryotic cells for maintaining homeostasis by degrading cellular proteins and organelles .
recently , the roles of autophagy have been expanded to immune systems , which in turn modulate innate immune responses .
more specifically , autophagy acts as a direct effecto... |
people with hiv are living decades longer than before due to combination art ; however , complications including cvd < osteoporosis and non aids defining malignancies are higher than in the general population .
many of the emerging complications related to chronic hiv infection represent disease processes where vitam... | background : people with hiv are living decades longer than before due to combination art ; however , complications including cvd < osteoporosis and non aids defining malignancies are higher than in the general population .
many of the emerging complications related to chronic hiv infection represent disease processe... |
palatogenesis happens during weeks 8 - 12 in human intrauterine life ( embryonic days e12-e15 in mice ) .
the palate gets divided into primary and secondary palates . during palatogenesis , fusion of two maxillary outgrowths , named palatal shelves , forms the majority of palate .
these shelves appear as protrusion... | context : cleft palate is the second most common birth defect and is considered as a challenge for pediatric plastic surgeons .
there is still a general lack of a standard protocol and patients often require multiple surgical interventions during their lifetime along with disappointing results.evidence acquisition : ... |
infective endocarditis ( ie ) is a disease caused by infection of the inner layer of the heart wall , i.e. , the endocardium .
it develops in the heart valves ( most frequently in the aortic valve ) , ventricles , and atria [ 1 , 2 ] .
infective endocarditis related to an implanted foreign body ( a stimulator elect... | the patient was admitted to the department of cardiac surgery of the j. stru city hospital in poznan due to infective endocarditis involving the aortic , mitral , and tricuspid valves .
implantation of three biological valve prostheses proceeded without complications .
starting on day 23 , the patient 's general co... |
this article investigates the commonly held belief that patients seen in hospital outpatient departments ( opds ) are sicker than those seen in private practice .
this assumed case - mix difference is said to be one of the reasons opd per - visit costs are higher than costs in private practice .
it is generally agr... | the belief that patients seen in hospital outpatient departments are sicker than those patients seen by private practice physicians is examined in this article .
a large scale data set developed by robert mendenhall at the university of southern california and modeled on the national ambulatory medical care survey ( ... |
diabetes affects almost every tissue in the body and causes significant organ dysfunction that results in diabetes - related morbidity and mortality .
coronary artery disease is the leading cause for the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetes , and atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels is its ... | diabetic cardiomyopathy ( dcp ) is defined as the cardiovascular damage present in diabetes patients , which is characterized by myocardial dilatation and hypertrophy , as well as a decrease in the systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle , and its presence is independent of the coexistence of ischemic hea... |
of thyroid nodules examined by the use of an us - fnab at our institution from may 2007 to april 2008 , small thyroid nodules less than 5 mm in the maximum diameter were included in the study .
high - resolution ultrasonography ( us ) was performed with either an hdi 5000 ( phillips medical systems , bothell , wa ) o... | objectivethe aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the use of an ultrasound - guided fine - needle aspiration biopsy ( us - fnab ) to diagnose thyroid nodules smaller than 5 mm in the maximum diameter and to evaluate pathological findings of small thyroid malignancies.materials and methodsfrom may 2007 to ... |
there are twenty million blind people in india ; eighty percent of this blindness is due to causes which are preventable .
cataract in india is the most important cause of preventable blindness accounting to 63.7 percent .
lens - induced glaucoma ( lig ) was first described in the year 1900 by gifford and von reu... | purpose . to determine the clinical profile of lens - induced glaucoma ( lig ) , reasons for late presentation , and outcome of current management
. methods .
retrospective analysis of 50 eyes with lig over a 6-year period between 2005 and 2011 at a tertiary care centre in rural india . visual acuity and intraocula... |
maintaining the deciduous teeth in the dental arch till it exfoliates is pivotal in maintaining the integrity of the arch , establishing occlusion and function of the permanent dentition .
the main reasons for premature loss of primary teeth are dental trauma or dental caries .
every effort should be taken to prese... | aim : to clinically and radiographically evaluate the reparative dentin formation in indirect pulp treatment ( ipt ) using mineral trioxide aggregate ( mta ) and light cured calcium silicate ( theracal ) in primary molars over a period of 6 months.materials and methods : a clinical trial on ipt on 43 primary molars in ... |
the mission of icrh is to contribute to sexual and reproductive health and to strive for the recognition of sexual and reproductive health rights for every man and woman in every stage of their lives .
icrh has divided this field into four clusters : hiv and sexually transmitted infections ( sti ) including human pa... | the international centre for reproductive health ( icrh ) was established by prof .
dr .
marleen temmerman in the aftermath of the un conference on population and development in cairo in 1994 .
this conference called for world - wide action to improve the sexual and reproductive health situation of the global pop... |
the study sample consisted of 3,210 individuals ( 1,423 men and 1,787 women ) from the study on nutrition and health of aging population in china .
the study population , design , and protocols of this population - based cohort study have been previously described ( 19 ) .
briefly , all participants were unrelated ... | objective genome - wide association studies have identified common variants in cdkal1 , cdkn2a / b , igf2bp2 , slc30a8 , hhex / ide , ext2 , and loc387761 loci that significantly increase the risk of type 2 diabetes .
we aimed to replicate these observations in a population - based cohort of chinese hans and examine ... |
cerebral palsy ( cp ) , defined as a nonprogressive injury to the brain , covers numerous
neurological conditions , which result in abnormal development of movement and postural
control .
injury to the brain typically results in impairments in motor function , such as
muscle weakness , spasticity , and decrease... | [ purpose ] this preliminary study aimed to determine the cardiorespiratory endurance of
children with cerebral palsy ( cp ) using a case series study in order to provide the
reference data required for interventions appropriate for south korean cp sufferers , since
aerobic ability evaluation and interventions fo... |
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