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3,400 | San Antonio Bay is a bay on the Texas Gulf coast situated between Matagorda and Aransas Bay . It consists mainly of the combined waters of the San Antonio and Guadalupe rivers , and is located at the mouth of the Guadalupe River , about 55 miles ( 89 km ) northeast of Corpus Christi and 130 miles ( 209 km ) southeast of San Antonio . It is protected from the Gulf of Mexico by Matagorda Island , leaving only relatively small and distant outlets to the Gulf for little mixing of bay and Gulf waters . The remoteness of the bay has prevented the establishment of major ports as seen on Aransas and Corpus Christi Bay , to the south . The Aransas National Wildlife Refuge is found on the southwest portion of the bay . The diverse wildlife on these shores make up for the lack of a sizable human settlement . History The Karankawa Indians used the land near the Guadalupe River delta and San Antonio Bay for camping purposes . They also populated Matagorda Island on the opposite side of the bay . Captain Luis Cazorla of Presidio La Baha crossed San Antonio Bay to visit the island in 1776 , and discovered that the Indians had killed the mates of a shipwrecked British trading vessel . For a short time , he convinced the Indian leaders not to kill shipwreck survivors on the island . An effort was made to convert the Indians with the establishment of Mission Refugio on San Antonio Bay in 1793 , after Fray Jos Francisco Garza found a shallow crossing that the Indians used to travel to the mainland . To prevent the Indians from using Matagorda Island as a hiding place to stage attacks , La Baha commandant Juan Corts burned and cut brush around the point of crossing . No permanent colony was ever established on the island . After the arrival of white settlers to the unk of unk in the 19th century , the Karankawa began to commit offenses against the settlers , including the unsanctioned slaughter of their livestock . As a result , the settlers engaged the Indians at the 1852 Battle of Hynes Bay , near the San Antonio Bay extension of Hynes Bay . The Karankawa were swiftly defeated , and the survivors agreed to never return finding refuge across the Rio Grande in Tamaulipas . A few years later , the Hynes extension began to fill with mud , leaving it shallow and hard to navigate . Reports from unk suggest that alligators infested the bay , killing a few residents . At the beginning of the 20th century , Preston R. Austin set out to build a new port on the western shore . He established the town of Austwell in 1911 , and quickly began dredging in 1914 to build a channel . In the early stages of development , the channel filled with mud and was abandoned . Meanwhile , on the eastern shore , the city of Seadrift , which had been established following the American Civil War , began to develop into a place of interest for fishing and shipping . The town , which was most likely named for floating debris swept ashore by the Guadalupe River , was incorporated in 1912 , and by 1914 had a population of 1 , 250 . The growth subsided in 1919 , after a hurricane ravaged the area . In 1926 , only 321 lived in the town . The population slowly recovered , and had surpassed its original peak in 1990 , following a wave of Vietnamese refugees , who emigrated to the city after the Vietnam War . In 2000 , the city had 1 , 352 residents . Features The land near the bay lies on the Texas Coastal Plain . It consists of grassy prairies , which support conifers and water tolerant hardwoods . Most of the surrounding land is used for agricultural purposes with the exception of Aransas National Wildlife Refuge , which is preserved for wildlife . On average , the San Antonio Bay system is 2 meters ( 6 . 6 ft ) deep , and covers approximately 531 square kilometers ( 205 sq mi ) . The system is made up of the bay itself and its extensions . The main extensions include Espiritu Santo Bay , to the bay 's east Hynes Bay , to the northwest , and Guadalupe Bay due north . Every second , approximately 116 cubic meters ( 31 , 000 U.S. gal ) of water flows into the bay . The exchange with the Gulf of Mexico occurs at Cedar Bayou and Pass Cavallo . As a result of the seawater exchange , the bay 's salinity is 13 parts per thousand ( ppt ) , compared to the seawater average of 35 ppt . There is very little seawater exchange , with most of the bay 's waters coming from the freshwater flows of the converged San Antonio and Guadalupe rivers . Ecosystem A wide variety of wildlife can be found in and around San Antonio Bay . According to Texas Parks and Wildlife , the following fish have been caught in the bay palmetto bass , striped bass , hardhead catfish , black drum , red drum , crevalle jack , southern kingfish , ladyfish , unk flounder , pinfish , spotted seatrout , and the sheepshead . The shores along the bay , specifically the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge , are home to countless birds including the endangered whooping crane , pelicans , herons , egrets , roseate spoonbills , shorebirds , ducks , and geese . American alligators , collared peccaries , feral hogs , coyotes , bobcats , raccoon and white tailed deer as well as clams and crabs are included among the bay 's diverse wildlife . Several pelicans that had been rescued and cleaned after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill , were brought to the shore of San Antonio Bay in June 2010 . Industry Nearly detached from the Gulf of Mexico by barrier islands , San Antonio Bay does not support a large shipping industry . The only port of merit on the bay is Seadrift , where a shipping channel has been dredged to the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway . Most inhabitants near the bay work at chemical , crab picking , and aluminum plants . For centuries , oyster farming has been a mainstay of the surrounding economy . However , in December 2009 , commercial harvesting was suspended after the norovirus was discovered in several exported crops , resulting in a recall .
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3,401 | Louis Augustus Lou Phillips ( 24 February 1878 14 March 1916 ) was a Welsh rugby player , who played half back for Newport RFC , and won four caps for Wales . He was also a talented amateur golfer . Born in Newport , Monmouthshire , Phillips was educated at Monmouth Grammar School , leaving to become an architect . He played rugby at school and then at Newport , earning a place in the 1st XV after several players retired or defected to rugby league . He made 90 appearances for Newport , during which he developed a famous half back partnership with Llewellyn Lloyd . His debut for Wales , playing alongside Lloyd , was against England in 1900 , when Wales won the Triple Crown . He earned selection again in 1901 but was forced to retire from rugby after incurring an injury playing Scotland . Phillips enlisted in the 20th ( Service ) Battalion Royal Fusiliers at the start of the First World War . He was deployed to the Western Front in November 1915 . He was shot dead while out on a wiring party on the night of 14 March 1916 , near Cambrin , France . Early life Louis Augustus Phillips was born at Stow Hill , Newport , Monmouthshire on 24 February 1878 . He was educated at Monmouth Grammar School . After serving his articles with unk and Fawkner , architects , he began practising in 1907 . Rugby career Phillips began playing rugby while at Monmouth Grammar School . He went on to play for Newport RFC , earning selection for the first team in 1897 . His first season at Newport was disappointing for the club , which lost seven games , after the previous six consecutive years of success . Several players had moved to Yorkshire to play rugby league , while others had married and retired . Nevertheless , Phillips was one of four new players in the team to ' make an impact ' , alongside George Boots , unk Hodges and Reg Skrimshire . Half back partnership with Llewellyn Lloyd The 1897 8 season at Newport saw the beginning of a ' historic ' partnership at half back between Phillips and Llewellyn Lloyd that lasted till 1901 . Phillips and Lloyd were thought of as a pair , both playing along similar lines and sharing the work of scrum half and outside half . While Lloyd was a smarter runner , Phillips was a better kick , but both of them could drop goals , and were remarkable in their kicks to touch . In the 1898 9 season , Newport suffered from further retirements Boots and Phillips were the only 2 players to appear in all 24 matches of the season . During the following season , 1899 1900 , with Lloyd as captain , the club was reinvigorated and scored 416 points compared with 192 in the previous season . Phillips and Lloyd were adjudged to be the half back pair of the season at both club and international level , even if there were some more brilliant individuals . In total , Phillips appeared 90 times for Newport , scoring 9 tries , 2 drop goals and 1 penalty . Townsend Collins remarked ' He had no tricks or subtleties , but he played the orthodox game of the day with supreme unk Wales Phillips , who was a strong runner and tackled well , made his international debut for Wales against England on 6 January 1900 at Gloucester . His initial selection was principally due to his partnership at Newport with Lloyd , who also made selection for Wales . Lloyd had already played in 1896 against Ireland , and against Scotland and Ireland in 1899 . During the game , which Wales won 3 13 , Phillips displayed ' special smartness ' and used ' the acme of judgment ' in his first international appearance , proving also to be a ' splendid defender ' . He was reckoned to be amongst the best of the backs , and the combination with Lloyd was excellent . In the following match , against Scotland at Swansea on 27 January , the half back partnership of Phillips and Lloyd continued to perform their defensive play was ' sound ' , and in attack , Phillips ' ' splendid ' fielding and kicking to touch , matched Lloyd 's ' cleverness ' and ' dodging ability ' . Wales was again victorious , 12 3 . For the next game , away to Ireland at Belfast on 17 March , Lloyd was replaced by Selwyn Biggs of Cardiff . The half back combination was not as good as with Lloyd but worked better than pundits had expected . The 0 3 victory over the Irish earned the Welsh the Triple Crown . Phillips missed the opening match of the 1901 international season against England due to an injury to his knee he was replaced at the last moment by Bala Jones of Aberavon RFC . Thinking that he had recovered , Phillips was back for the following match , against Scotland on 9 February at Inverleith , but within ten minutes he was almost helpless . He played on , and ' his last match was a tragic end to a great if short career . ' The Scottish half backs , Jimmy Gillespie and Frank unk , outplayed Lloyd and Phillips , and prevented the Welsh backline from receiving much ball . Scotland beat Wales 18 8 , and the Welsh defeat was blamed on the half backs . International appearances Golf In 1907 and again in 1912 , Phillips was Welsh Amateur golf champion . He was also runner up for the Irish Amateur Open Championship in 1913 , and in the following year , 1914 , he was beaten in the sixth round of The Amateur Championship . Phillips also represented the Wales golf team , facing Ireland in August 1913 . Military service and death At the start of the First World War , Phillips enlisted in the 20th ( Service ) Battalion Royal Fusiliers , and after refusing a commission , served as a Sergeant . The 20th Royal Fusiliers was one of four battalions of the regiment raised in 1914 by the Public Schools and University Men s Force . Phillips was deployed to France with his unit on 16 November 1915 . On the night of 14 March 1916 , while out on a wiring party , he was shot through the chest and killed , near Cambrin , France . He is buried in Cambrin Churchyard Extension ( Grave L1 10B ) .
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3,402 | Leschi , named for the native American leader Chief Leschi , is a fireboat operated by the Seattle Fire Department . The ship was laid down in 2006 and commissioned in 2007 its sponsor was Sharon Nickels , wife of the then mayor Greg Nickels . The 108 foot ( 33 m ) Leschi has been described as the dreadnought of Seattle 's fireboat fleet . Carrying a normal complement of four , its mission includes firefighting , search and rescue , and response to chemical , biological , radiological , nuclear , and explosive ( unk ) emergencies . It can also be used as a mobile pump and fuel station and as emergency medical treatment and command center . History Background Seattle is one of the largest ports on the United States west coast and waterfront fires have been a continual concern for the city . Since 1891 the Seattle Fire Department has regularly operated at least two fireboats , which can be augmented by ships and small craft with fire suppression capabilities from the U.S. Coast Guard , Seattle Police , and neighboring municipalities . One of the worst maritime fires in the city 's history occurred in 1968 when an electrical malfunction at Todd Shipyards sparked a fire that took 14 engine companies , two fireboats , two U.S. Coast Guard cutters , and several conscripted Foss Maritime tugboats more than half a day to extinguish . In the 1970s the United States Maritime Administration funded a special program to train a contingent of 50 Seattle firefighters to provide land based support in the control and extinguishing of dockside and shipboard unk . The effort , which was studied by the Stanford Research Institute , later became a model for other waterfront cities . Procurement Prior to Leschi 's construction , Seattle 's flagship firefighting vessel was the aging Alki , which was built in 1927 and operated alongside a newer vessel , Chief Seattle . Once known as the world 's third most powerful fireboat , by the early 2000s the antique Alki had become increasingly difficult to operate . On one occasion , in 2003 , an engine problem left the vessel dead in the water and the ship was only able to move by firing its legendarily powerful water cannons . Procurement of a modern fireboat to replace Alki was part of a successful public safety levy enacted by Seattle voters in 2003 approving its construction . Leschi was built at a cost of 12 million by Dakota Creek Industries of Anacortes , Washington , from a design by Jensen Marine Consultants . The Seattle Fire Department took delivery of the vessel in 2007 during a commissioning ceremony attended by mayor Greg Nickels . The ship sponsor was Nickels ' wife , Sharon . The name , Leschi , had been suggested by Kadi Camara , a Seattle elementary school student , as part of a naming competition held by the city . It was meant to honor a former Nisqually chief . Camara got to ride on the ship as a prize . Following the commissioning of Leschi , Alki was retired . Leschi is berthed on Elliott Bay where it is the primary response vehicle for maritime fires on the city 's outer shoreline . Design and specifications Described as the dreadnought of Seattle 's fireboat fleet , Leschi is one of three such vessels currently operated by the Seattle Fire Department ( unk ) , the others being Chief Seattle and Marine One . The 108 foot ( 33 m ) Leschi is powered by twin diesel engines rated at 1 , 550 horsepower ( 1 , 160 kW ) turning 72 inch ( 1 , 800 mm ) four blade propellers , which give the ship a flank speed of 14 knots . Two additional engines , rated at 1 , 440 horsepower ( 1 , 070 kW ) , power the ship 's four water pumps . Unlike its predecessor , Alki , Leschi has touchscreen consoles for bridge command controls instead of manual knobs and levers . By displacement and pump capacity , it is the largest of ten municipal owned fireboats that support the U.S. Coast Guard 's regional marine firefighting plan for Puget Sound . Mission and capabilities According to Professional Mariner , Leschi 's mission is firefighting , mobile platform for emergency medical treatment and command center , mobile pump and fuel station , and response to chemical , biological , radiological , nuclear , and explosive ( unk ) emergencies The ship 's principal fire suppression equipment comes in the form of four 5 , 000 US gallon ( 19 , 000 l 4 , 200 imp gal ) per minute water pumps . In addition to pumping water , the ship 's firefighting apparatus can tap an integrated 6 , 000 US gallon ( 23 , 000 l 5 , 000 imp gal ) foam tank for use against chemical fueled fires . Leschi also has a 55 foot ( 17 m ) telescoping crane with ladder and fire line for use against container ship fires and the ship is able to douse itself with a cooling fog to allow for operation directly adjacent to a major fire . In addition to marine firefighting , Leschi can support land based firefighters in the event of a disaster that destroys Seattle 's water mains . Manifolds on Leschi 's deck provide ports through which hose lines can be run to provide fire engines with direct access to seawater . Leschi is designed to operate with a complement of four personnel , but has a command and communications room for use by senior unk officers in the event of a catastrophe that renders land facilities unusable . The ship is outfitted with a CBRN defense system for crew protection in the event of a nuclear or chemical weapons attack against Seattle , or similar disaster . When activated , the system automatically seals pressurized hatches to the bridge and command center uncontaminated air is provided by a fan and filter system . The ship is regularly equipped with a rigid hulled inflatable boat that can be launched from the ship 's stern . A thermal imaging camera system allows the ship 's crew to locate distressed persons in the water ( such as in a man overboard emergency ) at night or during other low visibility conditions .
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3,403 | Mir EO 19 ( Russian unk 19 , also known as Principal Expedition 19 ) was the nineteenth manned expedition to the space station Mir , lasting from June to September 1995 . The crew , consisting of Russian cosmonauts Anatoly Solovyev and Nikolai Budarin , launched on June 27 , 1995 aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on the STS 71 mission . After remaining aboard Mir for approximately 75 days , Solovyev and Budarin returned aboard the Soyuz TM 21 spacecraft on September 11 , 1995 . EO 19 lasted just under three months and was the only complete all Russian crewed expedition to Mir in 1995 and was the first Mir expedition launched on an American Space Shuttle . The mission that launched EO 19 , STS 71 , was the first Space Shuttle docking to Mir . Crew unk Solovyev served as a crew member on three spaceflights prior to EO 19 Mir EP 2 , Soyuz TM 9 , and Soyuz TM 15 . This flight was his first aboard a Space Shuttle , with his three previous flights being on the Soyuz . EO 19 was the first spaceflight for Nikolai Budarin , who completed his cosmonaut training in 1991 and completed specialized training on the systems of Mir and the Soyuz TM spacecraft in 1993 . Both spent just over 75 days in space during EO 19 and completed 1194 orbits of the Earth . Backup crew Mission highlights Crew launch and arrival The crew of Mir EO 19 launched aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on June 27 , 1995 as part of the STS 71 mission . STS 71 was the first docking of a Space Shuttle to the Mir space station and the first docking of an American and Russian spacecraft in 20 years . STS 71 docked with Mir on June 29 and performed a crew exchange between the EO 19 and EO 18 crews aboard the space station . The crews of EO 18 , EO 19 , and STS 71 performed a ceremony inside Spacelab aboard Atlantis during which the ten crew members assembled a commemorative pewter medallion and exchanged gifts . Shortly thereafter , the crews began transferring supplies and tools to Mir from Atlantis . On July 4 , The newly arrived crew of EO 19 undocked temporarily from the station aboard Soyuz TM 21 to observe and photograph the departure of the STS 71 and EO 18 crews aboard Atlantis . TM 21 undocked at 10 55 GMT , followed by STS 71 at 11 09 45 GMT . The EO 19 crew unk aboard TM 21 at 11 39 GMT as Atlantis conducted a fly around of the station . Atlantis , carrying the crews of EO 18 and STS 71 , landed on July 7 after several more days in Earth orbit . Mission operations The crew of EO 19 conducted their first Extra vehicular activity , or spacewalk , on July 14 . Before the mission , the crew had trained to use special tools in order to release a stuck solar array on the exterior of the Spektr module . During the spacewalk , the pair cut a problematic restraint from the solar array . All but one section of the array deployed successfully . They then proceeded to inspect a docking mechanism in preparation for the relocation of the Kristall module . The final task of the spacewalk was to inspect a solar array on Kristall that was not tracking the Sun properly . The excursion ended after five hours and thirty four minutes outside the station . The crew relocated the Kristall module to another docking port from the port intended for use by Progress M 28 on July 17 using its Lyappa manipulator arm . This operation was performed in preparation for the next docking of Space Shuttle Atlantis to the station on the STS 74 mission later in the year . During the mission 's second spacewalk on July 19 , the crew were to deploy a 220 kg ( 490 lb ) Belgian French spectrometer , named MIRAS ( Mir infrared spectrometer ) on the Spektr module . Following a malfunction in Anatoly Solovyev 's Orlan space suit minutes into the excursion , mission control directed him to remain attached to the Kvant 2 module via umbilical cable . Despite this setback , Nikolai Budarin was able to perform several tasks alone , including preparatory work for the installment of MIRAS and retrieval of an American cosmic ray detector , TREK . The crew returned to the airlock after three hours and eight minutes . Upon returning to the airlock , the crew discovered a 2 mm ( 0 . 079 in ) gap in the seal , which created difficulty in sealing the hatch . July 20 saw the launch of the Progress M 28 resupply ship to the station , which docked on July 22 . The Progress M spacecraft remained docked to the station until September 4 , when it undocked from Mir filled with waste and excess equipment and intentionally burned up on reentry . During the mission 's third and final spacewalk on July 21 , the two cosmonauts made a second attempt at installing the MIRAS spectrometer , which they completed without any major problems . The spacewalk lasted five hours and thirty five minutes . During the later part of their mission in August , the crew focused on completing experiments and doing research in the areas of astrophysics , life sciences , and smelting . The remainder of the crew 's activities during this time consisted of unloading the newly arrived Progress cargo ship and monitoring its automated refueling of the station 's core module . End of mission and crew departure The Mir EO 20 crew consisting of cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Avdeyev , as well as ESA astronaut Thomas Reiter conducting Euromir ' 95 , launched on September 3 at 9 00 GMT aboard Soyuz TM 22 . The crew of EO 20 docked with the station on September 5 at 10 29 54 GMT , with hatch opening occurring at 11 01 23 . After transferring command of Mir to EO 20 , the crew of EO 19 boarded the Soyuz TM 21 spacecraft , which arrived with the crew of Mir EO 18 in March 1995 , on September 11 and undocked from the Kvant 1 module at 3 30 44 GMT . Soyuz TM 21 , along with cosmonauts Solovyev and Budarin , subsequently landed at 6 52 40 GMT about 108 km ( 67 mi ) Northeast of unk , Kazakhstan .
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3,404 | The 105th Boat Race took place on 28 March 1959 . Held annually , the Boat Race is a side by side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames . It was won by Oxford by six lengths in a time of 18 minutes 52 seconds , their first victory in five years . The victory took the overall record to 58 46 in Cambridge 's favour . During the build up to the race , a number of the returning Oxford crew attempted to oust both coach Jumbo Edwards and Oxford University Boat Club president Ronnie Howard . Cambridge stated that they would only row against the president 's crew and Oxford 's college boat club captains voted in favour of Howard . Background The Boat Race is a side by side rowing competition between the University of Oxford ( sometimes referred to as the Dark Blues ) and the University of Cambridge ( sometimes referred to as the Light Blues ) . First held in 1829 , the race takes place on the 4 . 2 mile ( 6 . 8 km ) Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London . The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities it is followed throughout the United Kingdom and as of 2014 , broadcast worldwide . Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions , having won the 1958 race by three and a half lengths , and led overall with 58 victories to Oxford 's 45 ( excluding the dead heat of 1877 ) . Cambridge had won the four previous races , and had lost only three times since the Second World War . Cambridge were coached by Harry Almond ( who rowed for Cambridge in the 1950 and 1951 races ) , James Crowden ( who rowed twice for Cambridge , in the 1951 and 1952 races ) , Harold Rickett ( who rowed in the 1930 , 1931 and 1932 races ) and J. J. Vernon ( who rowed in the 1955 race ) . Oxford 's coach was Olympic rower Jumbo Edwards who rowed in the 1955 race . The race was umpired by George Douglas Clapperton who had coxed Oxford in the 1923 and 1924 races . He later umpired in the 1967 boat race . The 1958 Dark Blue boat was built around 6 ft 4 in ( 1 . 93 m ) tall Yale graduate Reed Rubin and the loss created friction , so much so that he and the other Oxford Blues suggested that Edwards should go to the United States to see the coaching methods that helped the successful Yale crew which contributed seven of the nine crew in the gold medal winning men 's eight at the 1956 Summer Olympics . Rubin himself stood for Oxford University Boat Club presidency against Ronnie Howard ( who had rowed for Isis the previous year ) . Although standing in opposition , Howard agreed with Rubin that more emphasis should be placed on technique than fitness training . Howard was elected , by a single vote , and took the responsibility of selecting both the coach and the crew . In late 1958 , Rubin urged Howard to adopt the Yale training regime and to drop Edward for a Yale coach , or even Rubin himself . Howard refused , and Rubin decided to prepare of crew of his own which would include all six of the returning Blues and new recruits such as American Olympic gold medallist Charlie Grimes . He demanded of Howard that his pirate crew be allowed to train independently and challenged him to race for the right to represent Oxford in the Boat Race . Howard refused , stating of the mutineers if they maintain their point of view I shall do without them ... I have no sympathy for these people . At a meeting of boat club captains to discuss the future of the Torpids , Howard was presented with a letter offering him their full support . Cambridge University Boat Club president Mike Maltby , in an interview with student newspaper Varsity supported Howard by stating that the Light Blues would not row against any crew that did not have the full support of the Oxford president . Rubin stated that he would not row in Howard 's boat under any circumstances the mutiny was quashed . Crews The Cambridge crew weighed an average of 12 st 13 . 75 lb ( 82 . 2 kg ) , 1 pound ( 0 . 5 kg ) per rower more than their opponents . Oxford 's crew included four of the former rebels , Douglas Mann , Fage , Edwards and cox Julian unk . Cambridge saw three rowers with Boat Race experience return to the crew J. R. Giles , D. C. Christie and Maltby . Cox James Sulley also returned to steer the boat for a second year . There were no non British registered participants in the race . Race Cambridge won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station , handing the Middlesex side of the river to Oxford . Clapperton started the race at 3 15 p.m. in good conditions with a light breeze . Although Cambridge started at a higher stroke rate , Oxford held a canvas length lead after the first minute . Still outrating the Dark Blues , Cambridge steered towards opponents who held a half length lead by Craven Steps . unk held his course , steering close to Beverley Brook , before taking a clear water advantage . Sulley dropped the Cambridge boat in behind Oxford , with a quarter of a length of open water between the two as they passed the Mile Post . The Dark Blues reduced their rating but still passed below Hammersmith Bridge with an eight second advantage . Despite a spurt from Maltby , Oxford reached Chiswick Steps twelve seconds ahead , and by Barnes Bridge were five lengths up . Oxford continued to draw away and won by six lengths in a time of 18 minutes 52 seconds . It was Oxford 's largest margin of victory since the 1912 race , and their fastest time since the 1911 race . According to the rowing correspondent of The Times , everything went exactly according to the book , an occurrence so rare that a good many people doubted that it could happen . A writer for The Illustrated London News stated that the result was a great triumph for Group Captain H. R. A. Edwards , Oxford 's sole coach , and for R. L. Howard , the Oxford President , who had to deal with the revolt over rowing styles in the Boat Club last autumn .
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3,405 | Keeps Gettin ' Better A Decade of Hits is the first greatest hits album by American recording artist Christina Aguilera . Released on November 6 , 2008 by RCA Records , the compilation contains Aguilera 's hits from all of her studio albums released up to 2008 . It also featured four new additions two remakes of her previous singles Genie in a Bottle ( 1999 ) and Beautiful ( 2002 ) , and two original songs , Keeps Gettin ' Better and Dynamite . The compilation was released exclusively through Target retailer in the United States . Keeps Gettin ' Better A Decade of Hits was reviewed favorably by music critics , who praised her musical career over her first decade entering the music industry . The compilation debuted at number nine on the US Billboard 200 and has sold over 530 , 000 copies in the US . Additionally , it entered the top ten record charts of multiple countries and achieved several certifications . Its only single Keeps Gettin ' Better debuted within the top ten of the US Billboard Hot 100 . To promote the album , Aguilera performed at the American Music Awards of 2008 and the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards . Background and content In September 2008 , it was announced that Aguilera would release a greatest hits album titled Keeps Gettin ' Better A Decade of Hits , whose distribution rights in the United States belonged to Target retailer via her record label RCA Records . On the compilation 's title , Aguilera said I 'm looking forward to the next 10 years , which is partly why I named the album , Keeps Gettin ' Better , ' cause it does . People who pre ordered the compilation would receive a free digital download version of the single Keeps Gettin ' Better . During an interview with the Los Angeles Times , Aguilera explained that Target got such a great creative team , and that 's why she worked with the retailer for the album . Released in November 2008 , Keeps Gettin ' Better A Decade of Hits features all of Aguilera 's hits from her previous studio albums released up to 2008 and four new songs produced by Linda Perry . Two of which are remakes of her previous singles , Genie 2 . 0 ( Genie in a Bottle ) , and You Are What You Are ( Beautiful ) ( Beautiful ) . The other new songs were Keeps Gettin ' Better and Dynamite . The new material is inspired by electropop , which was deemed as Lady Gaga influenced by a reviewer from Rolling Stone . Promotion Keeps Gettin ' Better was released as a single from the album and was released on September 22 , 2008 . An accompanying video saw Aguilera as Catwoman and performing in front of green screens . The single experienced moderate commercial success , peaking at number seven on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number four on the Canadian Hot 100 . On September 7 , 2008 , Aguilera performed a medley of Genie 2 . 0 and Keeps Gettin ' Better at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards in Hollywood . On November 23 , Aguilera opened the American Music Awards of 2008 with a seven minute medley of her previous singles , which included Beautiful , Keeps Gettin ' Better , Genie in a Bottle , Dirrty , Ain 't No Other Man , and Fighter . Critical reception Keeps Gettin ' Better A Decade of Hits received generally positive reviews from music critics . AllMusic writer Stephen Thomas Erlewine commented that the compilation proves that no other teen pop singer of her era has a better track record than Christina and if the new songs are any indication , the title of this hits comp is no lie either . Nick Levine from Digital Spy noted the spunky attitude of the compilation and compared her recordings to those of Britney Spears She may have started out with similar material to another Mickey Mouse Club alumnus , but Aguilera moved on to bigger and better things more quickly than Britney . He further complimented on Aguilera 's songwriting skills . Chris Willman from Entertainment Weekly noted the lack of traditional Aguilera styles on the new songs , stating The singer has banished melisma and belting from these electronic confections , and her chops sound just as hot set on simmer . Writing for Sputnikmusic , Nick Butler positively reviewed Aguilera 's new material , saying Christina the pop singer is dead , long live Electro Christina ... At any rate , these four tracks are more than enough to build anticipation for what could be a very , very good album . In a mixed review , an editor from Rolling Stone shared that Keeps Gettin ' Better A Decade of Hits was weighed down by four bland attempts at 2008 's trendy , Lady Gaga jacking electropop . Commercial performance In the United States , Keeps Gettin ' Better A Decade of Hits debuted at number nine on the US Billboard 200 on the issue date of November 29 , 2008 , selling 73 , 000 copies in its first week of release . The album spent six weeks on the Top Catalog Albums , where it peaked at number 2 in 2010 . As of September 2014 , the greatest hits album has sold over 530 , 000 copies , according to data compiled by Nielsen SoundScan . In Canada , the album charted at number twelve on the Canadian Albums Chart . In Australia , Keeps Gettin ' Better A Decade of Hits peaked at number eight on the ARIA Albums Chart on the issue date of November 23 , 2008 and spent nine weeks on the chart . In Austria , the album debuted at number ten on the Austrian Albums Chart on the issue date of November 21 , 2008 and remained on the chart for five weeks . The album also experienced moderate success in various European regions , including France ( number seven ) , Ireland and Finland ( number nine ) , and the United Kingdom ( number ten ) . In 2008 , Keeps Gettin ' Better sold 19 , 030 physical copies and 250 digital units in France . Track listings Notes a signifies a vocal producer b signifies a co producer c signifies an additional producer Charts Certifications Release history
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3,406 | Ooh La La is a song performed by English group Goldfrapp . The song was written and produced by Alison Goldfrapp and Will Gregory for the duo 's third album Supernature ( 2005 ) . The song consists largely of a synthesizer and guitar arrangement and was inspired by the disco era . The song was released as the album 's lead single in August 2005 to positive reviews from music critics . It was a commercial success , reaching the top forty on the majority of the charts it entered , and topped the United States dance chart . The song has been remixed a number of times and was nominated for Best Dance Recording at the 49th Grammy Awards in 2007 . Background and writing Goldfrapp began work on Ooh La La in late 2004 in a small rented house in the countryside of Bath , England . The song was composed as a collaborative effort between Alison Goldfrapp and Will Gregory while jamming in the recording studio , bouncing song ideas off each other . Goldfrapp contributed the song 's lyrics , and has described the song as being sulky , sexual and a bit ambiguous . In Ooh La La , she confesses to wanting only a sexual relationship without romance . Ooh La La was Goldfrapp 's first song to feature the electric guitar , an instrument that they had avoided due to its overly recognisable rhythm . When they recorded the song , Gregory played the keyboard bass as Goldfrapp sang . Her microphone picked up the clattering of Gregory 's pressing the keys , which they added to the chorus . The song is written in the common verse chorus form and features additional instrumentation from synthesizers and a bass guitar . The song has been compared to Norman Greenbaum 's 1969 glam rock song Spirit in the Sky , Juana Molina 's 2003 song unk and Rachel Stevens ' 2004 song Some Girls ( itself heavily influenced by Goldfrapp 's own Strict Machine ) . Gregory noted that comparisons to Greenbaum were made when the duo released the song Train in 2003 , adding that the two tracks share the same glam swing . Goldfrapp rejected comparisons to Stevens , stating that Some Girls was very bland . Music video The music video for Ooh La La was directed by Dawn Shadforth . Inspired by glam rock 70 's TV , the video features Goldfrapp and a backing band ( not portrayed by her regular live musicians ) performing in a large green room . Scenes of Alison Goldfrapp riding on a digital sparkling horse are intercut toward the end of the video . Alison Goldfrapp has described the video as harking back to Eno era Roxy Music and old Top of the Pops . The complete version of Ooh La La featured in the music video has been released commercially through CD singles and digital downloads , and some include remixes by Benny Benassi , unk , and Andy Bell . Critical reception Ooh La La received positive reviews from music critics . MusicOMH.com reviewer Michael Hubbard described the song as sensational , writing that Ooh La La will spawn a million remixes , and deservedly so . Heather Phares of Allmusic named Ooh La La as the best song from Supernature . Jessica Suarez of Spin magazine compared Ooh La La with Black Cherry 's Strict Machine , saying that the song sounds so simplistic that its minimalist repetition occasionally teeters over into redundancy . PopMatters also compared the two songs , but wrote that the gimmick remains something they do incredibly well , and when the chorus kicks in , Alison unk ing away , it 's impossible not to give in . Rolling Stone magazine included the song in its list of the top hundred songs of 2006 , ranking it at number ten . At the 2007 Grammy Awards , the song was nominated for Best Dance Recording , losing out to Justin Timberlake 's SexyBack . Marketing and release Ooh La La was chosen as the album 's lead single because it was up and in your face and it carried on the theme of the glammy , unk beat from the last album . Ooh La La was released as a various formats throughout the world . While most territories received a CD and download release , in the UK the single was additionally released on DVD and limited edition 12 vinyl . The DVD single included the music video for Ooh La La and a short documentary titled Little Pictures . In 2006 , the song appeared on several television programmes in the United States including the crime drama series NCIS , CSI , and Bones . In addition to this , the song was also used in the romantic comedy film She 's the Man and was featured in the opening scene of the 2011 satirical horror comedy Detention . Additionally , in 2008 , the song was included on the soundtrack for Grand Theft Auto IV . The track was also covered in a joint cover with Hot Love by Scottish indie rock group The Fratellis in 2007 . In 2010 , the song appeared on the soundtrack for the movie The Other Guys starring Will Ferrell and Mark Wahlberg . In 2013 , the song was used for Apple 's iPhone 5s ad Metal Mastered . Chart performance Ooh La La entered the UK Singles Chart on 14 August 2005 at number four , remaining on the chart for thirteen weeks . It finished as the 91st best selling single of 2005 in the UK , with sales of 61 , 400 . The song was also successful outside the UK . It reached number one in Spain , number sixteen in Ireland , and the top forty in Australia . In North America , Ooh La La was released as the album 's second single in February 2006 . In the United States , the song became Goldfrapp 's third consecutive release to reach the top of the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart . The song also reached number three on the Hot Dance Airplay chart . Track listings Charts Personnel The following people contributed to Ooh La La Alison Goldfrapp lead vocals , backing vocals , synthesizer Nick Batt synthesizer , programming Will Gregory synthesizer Adrian Utley guitar Charlie Jones bass Mark Spike Stent mixing Ted Jensen mastering
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3,407 | Hurricane Fern was the sixth named storm and fourth hurricane of the 1971 Atlantic hurricane season . It formed from a tropical wave which interacted with a large trough of low pressure to form Fern , as well as Hurricane Ginger , Tropical Storm Heidi , and a system designated Tropical Depression Eighteen in real time , then Tropical Depression Sixteen after the fact , which moved into South Carolina . Fern crossed southeastern Louisiana as a tropical depression on September 4 before swinging back out over the Gulf of Mexico . Fern reached hurricane status on September 8 , reaching a peak intensity of 90 mph ( 140 km h ) before making landfall near Freeport , Texas , two days later . Fern 's path was erratic since it made 90 turns three times during its duration , making it difficult for forecasters to track . The second Atlantic tropical cyclone to make U.S. landfall that year , Fern produced heavy rainfall across Louisiana and Texas , causing flash flooding that left 2 indirect fatalities and damage totaling over 30 million ( 1971 USD , 170 million 2016 USD ) . Meteorological history A northwestward moving tropical wave moved out the Caribbean Sea on September 1 and became a tropical depression on September 2 after crossing southern Florida . Still moving northwestward , the tropical depression made landfall in southeastern Louisiana on September 4 . A building high pressure system over the Central United States forced the tropical depression to move southwest over the Gulf of Mexico . The warm waters then cause the depression to reach tropical storm strength and the storm was given the name Fern by the National Hurricane Center on September 7 . The following day , Fern reached hurricane status as it neared the Texas coastline . The hurricane reached a peak intensity of 90 mph ( 140 km h ) and its barometric pressure dropped to 979 millibars . An incoming mid latitude trough caused Fern to stall east of Texas for twelve hours . After the trough moved by , Fern turned southwest , paralleling the Texas coastline before making landfall on September 10 between Freeport and Matagorda . At landfall , Fern had weakened to a strong tropical storm as it moved further inland . Because the center of Fern was elongated , it was still able to receive moisture from the Gulf of Mexico and as a result , weakening was slow . Between September 10 and September 11 , Fern bypassed Corpus Christi , Texas , before dissipating as a tropical depression after crossing the Rio Grande into northern Mexico . Preparations At the time of its formation , forecasters determined that Fern might loop around in the Gulf of Mexico and it was more threatening to land than Hurricane Edith which was also projected to hit the Gulf Coast . On September 9 , as Fern was becoming organized , forecasters issued a hurricane watch along the Texas coast , anticipating that Fern might strengthen into a hurricane . In addition , small boats were warned to stay in port and residents were advised to be aware of storm conditions brought by Fern . The next day , the hurricane watches were changed to warnings , forcing residents living on the Texas coast to board up and evacuate . In preparation for the storm 's impact , Civil Defense workers and the American Red Cross were put on alert . In Galveston , eight emergency shelters were planned to open but five were closed when officials learned that they were not needed as most residents chose to ride out the storm in their homes . When Fern moved inland , the National Weather Service issued 21 tornado warnings and numerous flood warnings . In North Beach , city buses were used to transport evacuees inland and local officials were concerned about what to do with the relief trailers used to house survivors of Hurricane Celia a year earlier . Impact The precursor disturbance which later became Fern dropped rainfall up to 5 inches ( 130 mm ) of rainfall across South Florida . Central and Northern Florida received 1 to 3 inches ( 25 to 76 mm ) of rain . In Louisiana , after making landfall as a tropical depression , Fern produced rainfall up to 10 inches ( 250 mm ) across the southeastern part of the state , including up to 7 inches ( 180 mm ) in New Orleans . The outer bands of the tropical depression brought 3 to 5 inches ( 76 to 127 mm ) of rain across the coastal sections of Mississippi and Alabama . There were no reports of damage or fatalities in either Florida or the eastern U.S. Gulf Coast . As Fern made its final landfall , a weather station in Port O 'Connor , Texas recorded a sustained wind speed of 86 miles per hour ( 138 km h ) . In Corpus Christi , winds up to 66 miles per hour ( 106 km h ) were reported . In coastal Texas , storm tides of 5 to 6 feet ( 1 . 5 to 1 . 8 m ) above normal were reported from Galveston to Freeport . One spotter reported seeing a flock of swallows in the eye of the storm during landfall . Heavy rainfall from the hurricane fell across eastern and central Texas . A total of 10 to 26 inches ( 250 to 660 mm ) of rain was measured in a stripe from Bee to San Patricio County . Other locations in Texas reported rainfall of 10 to 15 inches ( 250 to 380 mm ) , while areas from Galveston to Rockport received 5 to 12 inches ( 130 to 300 mm ) of rain . The heavy rainfall caused severe flash flooding that isolated numerous small towns in eastern and central Texas . An outbreak of five tornadoes was reported during Fern 's landfall , two of which caused minor tree and roof damage in Texas City . In addition , lightning from the hurricane caused six reported house fires on Galveston Island while 7 , 500 homes and business were damaged ( mainly by flooding ) near Corpus Christi . Two indirect fatalities were reported , both from drowning incidents , while on Mustang Island , the hurricane caused four Cuban fishing boats to run aground . In all , the storm left 30 . 2 million ( 1971 USD , 171 million 2016 USD ) in damage and two deaths .
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3,408 | Inocybe godeyi is a species of Inocybaceae fungus found in Europe . The species produces mushrooms with cone shaped caps up to 5 cm ( 2 in ) in diameter . The caps are cream , becoming browner , but they bruise red . The stem is up to 6 cm ( 2 in ) long , and has a bulb at the base . The white flesh has a strong smell and an acrid taste . The mushrooms can be found on forest floors in autumn months the species forms an ectomycorrhizal relationship to surrounding trees , favouring beech . I. godeyi is known to be poisonous , containing muscarine compounds , and consumption of the mushrooms can lead to SLUDGE syndrome . The species is sometimes mistaken for the deadly I. erubescens . First described by Claude Casimir Gillet , the species retains the name which it was first given , but has a number of taxonomic synonyms . Its specific name honours Louis Luc Godey . Within the genus Inocybe , it has been classified in a number of ways , but appears to form part of a clade ( that is , a group sharing a common ancestor ) with species including I. abietis , I. unk , I. agglutinata and I. pudica . Taxonomy and phylogeny Inocybe godeyi was first described , and given its current name , by French botanist and mycologist Claude Casimir Gillet in his 1874 work Les unk ou description de tous les champignons ( fungi ) qui croissent en France . The specific name honours the French mycologist Louis Luc Godey . British mycologist Mordecai Cubitt Cooke described a variety of the species , Inocybe godeyi var. rufescens , in a 1909 issue of the Transactions of the British Mycological Society . However , the name is now considered synonymous with Inocybe godeyi . A number of other names are recognised as synonymous . Gillet 's own Inocybe rubescens , described in an 1883 issue of Revue unk , is no longer seen as a separate taxon . The same is true of Narcisse Thophile Patouillard 's 1884 description of I. rubescens as a variety of Agaricus unk , Agaricus unk var. rubescens . Other synonyms include Roger Heim 's 1931 Inocybe unk and Inocybe unk . Within the genus Inocybe , I. godeyi has been classified in a number of ways . In 1986 , mycologist Thom Kuyper placed the species in the supersection Marginatae ( subgenus Inocybe ) , along with species including I. abietis , I. calospora and I. praetervisa . Rolf Singer considers Marginatae a section in subgenus Inocybe , but he placed I. godeyi in the section unk ( in the subgenus unk ) along with species including I. agglutinata and I. pudica . A 2002 phylogenetic study found that Singer 's unk is probably monophyletic ( that is , the taxa all come from a common , recent ancestor ) and suggested that I. godeyi forms a clade with species including I. abietis , I. unk , I. agglutinata and I. pudica . All species in the clade were smooth spored unk with unk hymenial cystidia , but there were other species that fit that description , such as I. lacera , that were shown not to be a part of the clade . Description Inocybe godeyi produces mushrooms each of which features a cap of 2 to 5 cm ( 0 . 8 to 2 in ) across . The cap is initially cone shaped , but expands outward , and flattens somewhat . In younger mushrooms , it is a cream colour , but as the fruit bodies mature , it changes to an ochre to tan colour however , the cap can sometimes become entirely red , the colour it turns when bruised . The cap surface of younger specimens is smooth and silky . The surface of older caps becomes increasingly fibrous , and cracks often develop , beginning at the cap margin and moving towards the centre . There is usually a small umbo . The stem attaches to the center of the cap , and measures 40 to 60 mm ( 2 to 2 in ) by 3 to 8 mm ( 0 . 1 to 0 . 3 in ) . Towards the base , the stem surface is covered in fine grains , and at the very base , there is an obviously defined bulb . In colour , the stem is an off white , becoming redder as the mushroom ages . The flesh is white , but gradually turns red when it is exposed . The gills begin as an off white , but become gradually the colour of cinnamon . They are adnexed , which means that only part of the depth of the gills attaches to the stem , and crowded . Microscopic features Inocybe godeyi leaves a snuff brown spore print , while the individual spores themselves are smooth and almond shaped . The spores measure 9 to 11 . 5 by 5 . 5 to 7 micrometres . Each basidium bares four spores . Both the cheilocystidia ( cystidia found on the edges of the gills ) and the pleurocystidia ( cystidia found on the faces of the gills ) are spindle or bottle shaped , with some kind of encrustation at the tip . They have thick cell walls . Similar species It is sometimes mistaken for the deadly Inocybe erubescens . The rarer I. erubescens , like I. godeyi , bruises red , though it is lighter in colour to begin with . The most distinguishing feature is that I. erubescens lacks a bulbous base . Edibility Inocybe godeyi flesh has a strong smell , which has been variously described as unpleasant , earthy or mealy , and not distinctive . The flesh has an acrid taste . The mushrooms are known to be poisonous , containing toxic compounds of muscarine . Consumption of the mushroom could lead to a number of physiological effects , including salivation , lacrimation , urination , defecation , gastrointestinal problems and emesis ( vomiting ) this array of symptoms is also known by the acronym SLUDGE . Other potential effects include a drop in blood pressure , sweating and death due to respiratory failure . Distribution and habitat Inocybe godeyi can be found in Europe . It is found in deciduous woodland on the ground , particularly on chalky soil . The species is ectomycorrhizal , favouring beech . Mushrooms are encountered in the autumn months of August to November , solitarily or in trooping groups . While the mushrooms can be locally common , the species is typically uncommon .
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3,409 | Flavas is an American line of fashion dolls created by Mattel in 2003 . They are multi ethnic and have an urban , hip hop style with bling bling jewellery and stick on tattoos , described as ghetto fabulous by Newsweek . They were designed to appeal to tweens ( 8 to 12 year olds ) and compete with the widely successful Bratz dolls . They were marketed as reality based and authentic and have more points of articulation than traditional fashion dolls for more expressive posing . Flavas were criticized for being stereotypical , bad role models , and a misrepresentation of hip hop culture . Their multiculturalism was described as positive , and British analysts expected their risqu nature to translate to high sales . But following sales that were described as disastrous they were discontinued within a year . Doll design The six Flavas dolls , unk Brown , Happy D , Tika , Liam , P. Bo , and Tre , are ethnically diverse and portray Hispanic , black and white people . They have an urban sensibility and are dressed in hip hop fashions . Their accessories include ghetto blasters , cell phones , bling bling jewellery and stick on tattoos . The packaging , which doubles as a doll stand , is designed as a wall painted with graffiti . Instructions on the box say Pull my street stand from the box , so I have a spot to hang out . Newsweek described them as edgy and ghetto fabulous . Marketed with a focus on self expression and individuality , the Flavas dolls have more points of articulation than traditional fashion dolls . This allows for a wider range of posing and , according to Mattel , to express more attitude . Each doll has a unique face sculpt and a different height , ranging from 10 inches to 11 . 5 inches . They were each released in two different styles and each style was packaged with two different outfits . The complex jointing and individual molds made the Flavas dolls more difficult to manufacture than most other fashion dolls . Background and launch By the late 1990s Mattel had dominated the fashion doll market since the 1959 release of their Barbie doll . At the 1997 peak they held more than 90 of the market . MGA Entertainment released Bratz in 2001 . With big heads and pouty lips they appealed to the 8 to 12 year old tween market group . Bratz achieved great success and gradually took over some of the more wholesome Barbie doll 's market share . Meanwhile , the market for Barbie grew younger . By 2003 the main market was 3 to 6 year olds and Barbie 's share of the fashion doll market had dropped to about 70 . In fall 2002 Mattel released My Scene , a line of redesigned Barbie dolls , in a bid to appeal to tweens and compete with Bratz . But they failed to reverse the company 's faltering sales . Less than a year after the My Scene release , Flavas were launched in summer 2003 in a second attempt to appeal to the tween market and offer competition to Bratz . Production began only three months after Flavas were designed , and The New York Times described their launch as being rushed . The New York Times said that Flavas appeared to be heavily inspired by Bratz while Newsweek described Bratz as the anti Barbie and Flavas as Mattel 's anti Barbie of its own . Wall Street Journal commented that the Bratz success pushed Mattel to release Flavas in direct competition with its own Barbie dolls . Flavas , which per Mattel should be pronounced unk unk , were marketed with the slogan What s Your Flava Mattel described them as the first reality based fashion doll brand with authentic style , attitude and values . Jerry unk , a Mattel senior vice president said Older girls want a doll that represents realistic aspirations . Mattel representative Julia Jensen said Our research told us that a lot of young girls are now aspiring to the world of rap and hip hop music . The song What 's Your Flava from R B artist Craig David was used in Flavas television commercials , which aired during teen targeted programming . Jensen said that by aligning with a real song by an incredible artist like Craig David they strengthened their position of authenticity and reality . Coinciding with the US release , the Flavas brand sponsored Christina Aguilera 's 2003 summer tour . In the UK Flavas were launched by the British hip hop group Mis Teeq . Reception and discontinuation Kyra Kyles from the Chicago Tribune described the Flavas dolls as out of touch and questionable role models for children , calling them unimaginative stereotypes and saying that one of the dolls looks like a drug dealing pimp . Toy industry analyst Sean McGowan said that they look like hip hop as designed by committee . Raquel Wilson , editor in chief of hip hop e zine unk said They completely misrepresent the culture . Dr John Richer , a clinical child psychologist in Oxford , England said This has the same sort of flavour as beauty contests in America where little kids get unk up as teenagers . Miriam unk , the editor in chief of Child described the dolls ' multiculturalism as positive a very nice way of helping children all over the country realize that people look many different ways . Several British toy industry analysts expected the Flavas dolls to sell well , one of them saying that the risqu nature of these dolls would guarantee their success . But they sold poorly Wall Street Journal described their results as disastrous . According to AP some analysts believed Flavas were just too edgy . Businessweek said that the clunky jewelry and graffiti on the packaging ... scared away mothers and left kids cold . They ended up being taken off the market after less than a year . Several Mattel executives were let go following the discontinuation . Moe unk of Slate described Flavas as ridiculous , but in a cute way and questioned if their hasty withdrawal had been premature , suggesting they could have found a niche market .
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3,410 | Pombo Musical is a children 's album produced by Colombian recording artist Carlos Vives , as a musical tribute to the Colombian writer and poet Rafael Pombo . It was released on August 13 , 2008 , under Vives ' label unk Msica Local . The album came into fruition when Rafael Pombo Foundation president Juanita Santos asked Vives to craft a musical that uses Pombo 's most iconic poems and fables he created . Its music incorporates a variety of Colombian folk genres and mixes in contemporary genres like Latin pop and pop rock . Among the 14 tracks present in the album , only one was released as a single , El Modelo Alfabtico ( English The Model Alphabetical ) . All the lyrics were written originally by Rafael Pombo , and produced by Vives . Pombo Musical was well received , and was certified platinum in Columbia by the Asociacin Colombiana de Productores de Fonogramas ( unk ) . It also won some accolades , including a Latin Grammy Award for Best Latin Children 's Album , and a Premio Shock for Best Compilation . Background After finishing the promotion of his previous studio album El Rock de Mi Pueblo ( 2004 ) , Vives ended his music contract with EMI Latin and took a hiatus , for concentrating on supporting local artists as a producer and songwriter . He then met Juanita Santos , the president of Rafael Pombo Foundation , who asked them to present a proposal for a musical that uses the most iconic poems and fables created by Pombo . Motivated by this , they began to study many books about Pombo and his works . The creation of Pombo Musical began as a studio project in house between old friends , Carlos Ivan Medina , Carlos Huertas and Ernesto unk Ocampo . He stated Before we worked musically on some of Rafael Pombo 's works , without thinking about making a record , but because somebody had done a melody of Rin Rin . Together with Medina , Vives made a melody for Modelo Alfabtico . On July 24 , 2008 , Vives released El Modelo Alfabtico , a song based on a poem by Pombo , with influences of cumbia and rock as the album 's lead single . The recording of the album took two years , due to the number of artists contributing to it , namely , Juanes , unk , Fonseca , Santiago Cruz , Vernica Orozco , Do Huellas , Ilona , Eduardo Arias Karl unk , Andrea Echeverri , Lucia Pulido , Ivn Benavides , Carlos Ivan Medina , Bernardo Velasco , Ernesto Ocampo , Fundacin Batuta Chorus , Distrito Especial , H2 El Guajiro , Adriana Lucia , Guillermo Vives and Julio Navas . The music launch was held in unk Caf Cumbia House bar in Bogot , Colombia on August 13 , 2008 . Composition The record was produced by Vives under the executive production of his wife , Claudia Elena Vasquez . The recording of Pombo Musical took two years in four music studios in Colombia . The album comprises songs from a variety of Colombian folk genres like vallenato , bambuco , joropo and cumbia . Some songs mix genres such as Latin pop and pop rock . Opening track , El Modelo Alfabtico ( The Model Alphabetical ) , is a rock stylized cumbia and vallenato song performed by Vives , the Do Huellas , Eduardo Arias and Karl unk , about being a real gentleman , such as having good manners , and also teaches the alphabet to children . El unk unk ( The Tadpole Walker ) , is a bambuco song performed by Andrea Echeverri , Lucia Pulido , Ivn Benavides , Carlos Ivan Medina , Bernardo Velasco , Ernesto Ocampo , Do Huellas , Fundacin Batuta Chorus , and Vives . It tells the story about a tadpole named Rin Rin , that left his home without the approval of his mother Rana ( Frog ) , and subsequently dies when he hides in the mouth of a duck . In this song , Echeverri added additional lines to it . Juanes performs on El Gato unk ( The Bandit Cat ) , a pop rock song about a cat that rebels against his family and leaves home , discovering that things are not easy by yourself , and returns feeling repentant . unk performs on unk unk , which is about a feline mega party . El unk ( The Rob nests ) is a unk song performed by Fonseca , Do Huellas and the Fundacin Batuta Chorus , about a kid that robs a nest and is then eaten by a black cat . Vernica Orozco unk on unk ( Little Shepherdess ) , a rock song that tells the story of a little shepherdess that loses her sheep and then finds them . El unk ( The Car ) , performed by Distrito Especial , is about a car that impresses all the people who see it . Lucia unk performs on Dios y el Alma ( God and the Soul ) , a joropo song about Pombo 's personal perception about the soul . Juan unk is about the bagpiper unk , who after angering many people falls in love with a shepherdess . Simn el unk ( Simn the Little Fool ) is performed by Santiago Cruz and H2 El Guajiro , done in the tradition of a popular English nursery rhyme that tells the life of a child called Simon . El Nio y la Mariposa ( The Kid and the Butterfly ) , performed by Adriana Lucia and Do Huellas , is about a butterfly that asks a child not to mistreat her . La Pobre unk ( The Little Poor Old Woman ) is a bambuco song performed by both Vives and his brother , telling the story of an unhappy old woman who dies alone . La Tia unk ( The unk Aunt ) is a funk rock song performed by Ilona about the adventures of a crazy aunt . Julio Navas performs the album closer , Juan unk , about the widespread fear put upon by the titular General . Reception Pombo Musical was generally well received . The record was certified platinum in Colombia with over 22 , 000 copies sold . At the Colombian Premios Shock , the album won for Best Compilation , and at the 10th Latin Grammy Awards it won the Best Latin Children 's Album . According to the Colombian newspaper El Tiempo , Pombo was one of the most memorable albums of 2008 , not only for musical quality but also by its commercial success . Track listing All songs written and composed by Rafael Pombo . Certifications
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3,411 | Full Circle Carnegie Hall 2000 is a live album by Indian musician and composer Ravi Shankar , released in 2001 through the record label Angel Records . Recorded at Carnegie Hall in October 2000 as part of a tour with Shankar 's daughter Anoushka , the album contains five tracks and presents two ragas . The concert occurred sixty two years after Shankar 's first performance at Carnegie Hall and commemorated his eightieth birthday the album was his first live recording in nearly twenty years . Full Circle was produced by Hans Wendl , mastered by Scott Hull , and mixed and engineered by Tom Lazarus . Featured are performances by Tanmoy Bose and Bickram Ghosh on tabla , and Anoushka and Ravi on sitar . In 2001 , the album peaked at ninth position on Billboard 's Top World Music Albums chart and earned Shankar the Grammy Award for Best World Music Album . Background and composition Full Circle was recorded at Carnegie Hall in New York City on October 6 , 2000 , as part of a tour of the same name in which Ravi introduced his nineteen year old daughter and student Anoushka Shankar . Anoushka began studying at age nine and is the only musician in the world trained exclusively by Ravi . The concert commemorated Shankar 's eightieth birthday and occurred sixty two years after his first performance at the venue as a member of his brother Uday Shankar 's Indian dance group . The album also marked Shankar 's first live recording in nearly twenty years . The Carnegie Hall concert was held specifically for the purpose of recording a live album , despite Shankar 's hesitations about using traditional recording considerations to capture improvisational music . Full Circle contains two ragas presented in five tracks totaling just over one hour in length . Kaushi Kanhara ( a compound raga that combines unk and Darbari Kanada ) is separated in an alap portion ( an unaccompanied introduction ) which includes jor and jhala ( playing with pulse and fast pulse ) , and a gat portion ( composition with tabla accompaniment ) . Mishra Gara is introduced with an unk ( a short alap ) , and features two gats , in a single thirty minute track . Hans Wendl worked as record producer and Scott Hull mastered the album , which was mixed and engineered by Tom Lazarus and features performances by Tanmoy Bose and Bickram Ghosh on tabla , and Anoushka and Ravi on sitar . Shankar said he was successful in reaching his goal of presenting variety on the album by incorporating both ancient and contemporary , semi classical styles and reaching a musical climax quickly . Gilbert Heatherwick , an Angel Records executive , said that the label sought to market the album as an event record and would position it upfront in pop departments . Angel promoted the album through NPR stations and mainstream press outlets as a human interest story , focusing on Shankar 's career and how the album exemplifies its title . Full Circle was released in India through the EMI owned label Virgin India . Anoushka Shankar 's album Live at Carnegie Hall was recorded at Carnegie Hall the same evening . The album was released in December 2001 and earned her a nomination for Best World Music Album at the 45th Grammy Awards ( 2003 ) , making her the youngest musician nominated in the category . Reception Allmusic 's Sean Westergaard awarded the album three of five stars and called it an excellent recording . He complimented Ravi 's musicianship and dexterity , particularly during the fast gat section of Mishra Gara , but suggested that alap and jor might be too long for some Western listeners . Yoga Journal 's Derk Richardson wrote that Shankar 's fast fingering and ingenious note choices ... conspire to create a mesmerizing swirl . Richardson complimented all instrumental performers , as well as producer Hans Wendl , for recording the ensemble with striking clarity , and called Shankar 's playing timeless . Bill Meyer wrote in his 2005 review for the Chicago Reader that Shankar was not as fast as he used to be but that he was still a thrilling improviser . Chart performance and recognition Full Circle reached a peak position of nine on Billboard 's Top World Music Albums chart the week of May 5 , 2001 . At the 44th Grammy Awards in 2002 , the album earned Shankar a Grammy Award for Best World Music Album . This marked Shankar 's third Grammy win , after he was previously recognized along with Yehudi Menuhin for the collaborative album West Meets East , and with George Harrison , et al. at the 15th Grammy Awards in 1973 for The Concert for Bangladesh . Following the 2002 Grammy win , tabla musician Bickram Ghosh said he enjoyed the recognition but insisted the limelight would not affect his future playing . When The Times of India questioned whether or not tanpura musicians received adequate praise for their contributions to the album , Ghosh responded that the tanpura is a drawn instrument and not a performance art . Of his performances alongside Shankar , Ghosh rated the Carnegie Hall concert an eight on a ten point scale , saving a nine rating for the Toronto Ford Centre concert in 1997 . According to the Ravi Shankar Foundation , the album also won first place in the Traditional World category at the 5th Annual unk Music Awards . Track listing All songs written by Ravi Shankar . Introduction I 1 37 Raga Kaushi Kanhara unk Jor unk 19 02 Raga Kaushi Kanhara Gat in Dhamar 10 04 Introduction II 1 37 Raga Mishra Gara unk Slow Gat and Fast Gat in unk 30 14 Track listing adapted from Allmusic . Personnel Tanmoy Bose tabla Bickram Ghosh tabla Caroline unk cover photo Scott Hull mastering Tom Lazarus engineer , mixing Jessica unk art direction , design Barry Phillips tanpura Anoushka Shankar sitar Ravi Shankar sitar Ajay Sharma tanpura Marc Stedman assistant Hans Wendl producer Timothy White liner notes Credits adapted from Allmusic .
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3,412 | The 1948 FA Charity Shield was the 26th Charity Shield , an annual English association football match played between the winners of the previous season 's Football League and FA Cup . It was the first edition held since the postponement of football during the Second World War . The match , held at Highbury on 6 October 1948 , was contested by Arsenal , champions of the 1947 48 Football League and Manchester United , who beat Blackpool in the final of the 1947 48 FA Cup . This was Arsenal 's eighth Charity Shield appearance to Manchester United 's third . Watched by a crowd of over 30 , 000 , Reg Lewis , Bryn Jones , and Ronnie Rooke each scored for the league champions inside the first 15 minutes . Manchester United responded by scoring twice before the half time break through Jack Rowley and Ronnie Burke . Lionel Smith 's own goal in the 53rd minute made the scoreline 4 3 , and though United 's attack were dominant in the second half , there were no further goals . Arsenal were awarded the Shield by A.V. Alexander , the Minister of Defence . Gate receipts for the match came to a total of 4 , 300 . Background The FA Charity Shield was founded in 1908 as a successor to the Sheriff of London Charity Shield . It was a contest between the respective champions of the Football League and Southern League , and then by 1913 teams of amateur and professional players . In 1921 , it was played by the Football League champions and FA Cup winners for the first time . After a ten year absence due to the suspension of football during the Second World War , the Charity Shield made a return in 1948 . Arsenal qualified for the 1948 FA Charity Shield as winners of the 1947 48 Football League First Division . It was the club 's sixth league title and striker Ronnie Rooke scored 33 goals in the campaign to become the division 's top goalscorer . The other Charity Shield place went to Manchester United who beat Blackpool to win the final of the 1947 48 FA Cup . Manchester United 's progress in the competition was unique as the club was drawn against teams from the First Division in every round . Their home ties were staged at three different grounds as Old Trafford was being repaired from the damage sustained in the Manchester Blitz . This was Arsenal 's eighth Charity Shield appearance prior to the game they had won five Shields ( 1930 , 1931 , 1933 , 1934 , 1938 ) , and lost two ( 1935 , 1936 ) . By contrast Manchester United were undefeated in the Charity Shield the club won their previous two appearances , in 1908 and 1911 . Manchester United had beaten Arsenal 1 0 the last time the two clubs met at Highbury , for a league fixture on 30 August 1948 Charlie Mitten scored the only goal of the match . Match Summary Arsenal began the quicker of the two teams . Inside a minute , a unk by Manchester United left back John Aston troubled his defence , and presented Reg Lewis and Rooke with shooting opportunities . After three minutes , Arsenal took the lead combination play from Jimmy Logie and Bryn Jones forced goalkeeper Jack Crompton out of his area , and ended with Jones hitting the ball high into an empty net . Lewis headed in Archie Macaulay 's cross from the right to double Arsenal 's lead , and the team scored their third almost immediately , when Rooke maneuvered past the United defence to shoot past Crompton . United regrouped and scored immediately . Charging forward , John Anderson and Jack Rowley each shot wide , before Johnny Morris 's effort hit the post . The ball rebounded to Rowley , whose shot went in past goalkeeper George unk . United were in full ascendancy Anderson and Warner were winning the ball in mid field , and bringing it through to their forwards ... , making the Arsenal defence feel the strain , so said The Times football correspondent . In the 35th minute however , Lewis scored his second goal of the match , beating Allenby Chilton to the ball first and going past Crompton . Five minutes before half time , United halved Arsenal 's lead a well worked move started by Carey in his own half was finished off by Burke . Arsenal struggled to regain fluency in the second half , as their opponents dominated play . In the 53rd minute , United scored to make it 4 3 Charlie Mitten 's flick in the area was diverted into the Arsenal net by Lionel Smith for an own goal . United fashioned further chances through Burke and Rowley , but for large periods of the second half the Arsenal defence stood firm . Jones ' headed goal was rule out for offside , after which the match descended into a contest between United 's attack and Arsenal 's defence . Jimmy Delaney came closest to equalising late on , when he darted forward and missed by inches . Details Source Post match A.V. Alexander , the Minister of Defence presented Arsenal with the Shield . Assessing the match the next day , Daily Express football correspondent John MacAdam wrote Charity begins at home , they say , and , by golly , it began at Highbury yesterday , for Arsenal were the luckiest team in the world to beat Manchester United 4 3 in the F.A. Charity Shield match between the winners of the League and the Cup . The Times correspondent assessed , Arsenal won because they sneaked a commanding lead of three goals , before Manchester had realised they were in London , and concluded the piece with the sentence It had been a game worthy of the occasion and of two fine clubs . Gate receipts for the match totalled 4 , 300 . Manchester United ended the season as runners up to Portsmouth in the Football League First Division , and reached the semi final stage of the FA Cup . Arsenal progressed no further than the fourth round of the cup competition , and finished sixth in the league . The two clubs next faced each other in the Charity Shield in 1993 , when Manchester United won the inaugural Premier League title , and Arsenal were FA Cup winners in the 1992 93 season .
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3,413 | Bloeme Evers Emden ( Dutch pronunciation unk unk unk 5 July 1926 18 July 2016 ) was a Dutch Jewish teacher and child psychologist who extensively researched the phenomenon of hidden children during World War II and wrote four books on the subject in the 1990s . Her interest in the topic grew out of her own experiences during World War II , when she was forced to go into hiding from the Nazis and was subsequently arrested and deported to Auschwitz on the last transport leaving the Westerbork transit camp on 3 September 1944 . Together with her on the train were Anne Frank and her family , whom she had known in Amsterdam . She was liberated on 8 May 1945 . In the 1980s , Evers Emden earned a doctorate in developmental psychology and began interviewing and writing about the phenomenon of hidden children from the points of view of the children , their biological parents , their non Jewish foster parents , and their non Jewish foster siblings . She was also interviewed for several television documentaries on her remembrances of Anne Frank and her family before they went into hiding and after they were sent to Auschwitz . Early life She was born Bloeme Emden in Amsterdam to Emanuel Emden , a diamond cutter and a socialist , and Rosa Emden DeVries , a seamstress . Her younger sister , Via unk , was born 29 May 1932 . In 1941 , Bloeme attended the Jewish lyceum , where she befriended Anne Frank and her sister , Margot . Bloeme was in the same grade as Margot , but in a different class . In July 1942 , Bloeme received a deportation order from the local government office . Her father went to the Central Room for Jewish Resettlement and found a sympathetic German who stamped the order released . She returned to the high school in September , but her class kept shrinking from deportations throughout the year , to the point that only three students were left at the end of the year . By the time oral examinations were administered three weeks later , Bloeme was the only student in her class . On the first day of the oral examinations in May 1943 , Bloeme 's non Jewish boyfriend warned her that the Germans were looking for her . She asked the school board to administer all 12 of her examinations at once , and she received her high school diploma that same day . When the Germans arrived , they took her to an assembly point for Amsterdam Jews , but she managed to enter the building without being registered . A few days later , she sneaked out with a group of younger teens . At first she hid in the home of Christian friends of her parents who worked in the Dutch underground , but they were afraid that if they were arrested , Bloeme would be , too . She spent the next year hiding in 15 to 16 different places , including an Amsterdam old age home and a job as a maid for a widow and her son in Rotterdam . When she returned to the people who worked in the underground , she was arrested and sent to Westerbork . Deportation and incarceration Bloeme was deported to Auschwitz on the last train leaving Westerbork on 3 September 1944 . On the same train were the Frank family who had been discovered in hiding on 4 August . Bloeme saw Anne , Margot and their mother regularly in Auschwitz , although she was part of a separate group of eight women who stayed together , encouraging and helping one another . In October 1944 , Bloeme and her group were selected for transfer to the Liebau labor camp in Upper Silesia . For the filming of the 1995 BBC documentary Anne Frank Remembered , Bloeme recalled that Anne , Margot , and their mother , Edith , also planned to join the transport , but Anne was prohibited from joining because she had developed scabies . Her mother and sister opted to stay with her , and Bloeme went on without them . Bloeme was also interviewed for her remembrances of the Frank women in Auschwitz in the 1988 television documentary The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank by Dutch filmmaker Willy unk . Bloeme was liberated by the Soviets at Liebau on 8 May 1945 . She and a small group of friends began walking back to the Netherlands on foot , arriving six weeks later . She discovered that her parents and sister had been deported to the Sobibor extermination camp , where they all perished . Post war research After the war , she married Hans Evers and raised a relatively large family in Amsterdam . However , she testified , she was unable to talk about her war experiences with her family . She began studying psychology part time and became a lecturer in psychology at the University of Amsterdam in 1973 . She earned her doctorate in the late 1980s . In the 1980s , she began holding group therapy sessions for former hidden children , addressing our grief , our anger , our aggression and our mourning . At the Hidden Child Conference held in Amsterdam in 1992 , she interviewed 73 former hidden children , and with questionnaires completed by another 321 attendants , she began her research into the emotional and psychological trauma of hidden children , widening her scope to include the points of view of the children , their biological parents , their non Jewish foster parents , and their non Jewish foster siblings . In the 1990s , Evers Emden published four books in Dutch based on her research . unk unk ( Borrowed Children ) ( 1994 ) focused on the foster parents who hid the children . unk unk , Een unk unk ( Hidden During the War A Closed Off Past ) ( 1995 ) examined the written responses of 300 hidden children to a questionnaire . unk unk ( Shattered Existence ) ( 1996 ) interviewed the parents who sent their children into hiding . Je unk unk ( Sharing Your Parents ) ( 1999 ) focused on the foster siblings of the hidden children . In 1991 , she was decorated by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as an officer of the Order of Orange Nassau . Her son , Raphael Evers , is the Rabbi of Rotterdam . Evers Emden died July 2016 , a few days after her 90th birthday .
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3,414 | The Colbert class were a pair of armored frigates built for the French Navy during the 1870s . The ships served as the flagships of the commander and deputy commander of the Mediterranean Squadron for most of their careers . The sister ships took part in the French conquest of Tunisia , notably shelling and landing troops in Sfax in 1881 . They were relegated to second line roles in 1894 95 before being condemned in 1900 . The ships were finally sold for scrap in 1909 . Design and description The Colbert class ships were designed by Constructor Sabattier as improved versions of the ironclad Richelieu and were the last ships authorized by the 1857 Naval Program . They reverted to a single propeller shaft to improve their sailing qualities and to lessen the chance of the propellers being fouled by fallen rigging . As central battery ironclads , they had their armament concentrated amidships . Like most ironclads of their era , they were equipped with a plough shaped ram . The ships ' crew numbered 774 officers and men . Their metacentric height was low , a little above 0 . 6 meters ( 2 ft ) . The ships measured 101 . 1 102 . 1 meters ( 331 ft 8 in 335 ft 0 in ) overall , with a beam of 17 . 57 17 . 7 meters ( 57 ft 8 in 58 ft 1 in ) . They had maximum drafts of 8 . 11 8 . 58 meters ( 26 ft 7 in 28 ft 2 in ) and displaced 8 , 617 8 , 814 metric tons ( 8 , 481 8 , 675 long tons ) . While the exact reason for such prolonged construction time is not known , it is believed that reduction of the French Navy 's budget after the Franco Prussian War of 1870 71 and out of date work practices in French dockyards were likely causes . Propulsion The Colbert class had a single Wolf three cylinder horizontal return connecting rod compound steam engine that drove one propeller . The engine was powered by eight oval boilers and was designed for a capacity of 4 , 700 metric horsepower 3 , 400 kilowatts ( 4 , 600 ihp ) . On sea trials the engines produced 4 , 652 4 , 882 metric horsepower ( 3 , 422 3 , 591 kW ) and the ships reached speeds of 14 . 18 14 . 47 knots ( 26 . 26 26 . 80 km h 16 . 32 16 . 65 mph ) . The ships carried a maximum of 620 metric tons ( 610 long tons ) of coal which allowed them to steam for approximately 3 , 300 nautical miles ( 6 , 100 km 3 , 800 mi ) at a speed of 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . They were ship rigged with three masts and had a sail area around 2 , 100 square meters ( 23 , 000 sq ft ) . Armament The unk had two 274 millimeter ( 10 . 8 in ) guns mounted in barbettes on the upper deck , one gun at the forward corners of the battery , with six additional guns on the battery deck below the barbettes . The side of the upper deck were cut away to improve the ability of the barbette guns to bear fore and aft . One 240 millimeter ( 9 . 4 in ) gun was mounted in the forecastle as a chase gun . The ship 's secondary armament consisted of six 138 millimeter ( 5 . 4 in ) guns , four forward of the battery and two aft . These latter two guns were replaced in 1878 by another 240 millimeter gun as a stern chaser . The ship also mounted four above water 356 millimeter ( 14 . 0 in ) torpedo tubes . All of the guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells . The 18 caliber 274 millimeter Modle 1870 gun fired an armor piercing , 216 . 0 kilogram ( 476 . 2 lb ) shell while the gun itself weighed 23 . 21 metric tons ( 22 . 84 long tons ) . The gun fired its shell at a muzzle velocity of 434 m s ( 1 , 424 ft s ) and was credited with the ability to penetrate 360 millimeters ( 14 . 3 in ) of wrought iron armor at the muzzle . The armor piercing shell of the 19 caliber 240 millmeter Modle 1870 gun weighed 144 . 0 kilograms ( 317 . 5 lb ) while the gun itself weighed 15 . 66 metric tons ( 15 . 41 long tons ) . It had a muzzle velocity of 495 m s ( 1 , 624 ft s ) and could penetrate 366 millimeters ( 14 . 4 in ) of wrought iron armor at the muzzle . The 138 millimeter gun was 21 calibers long and weighed 2 . 67 metric tons ( 2 . 63 long tons ) . It fired a 28 . 0 kilogram ( 61 . 7 lb ) explosive shell that had a muzzle velocity of 466 m s ( 1 , 529 ft s ) . At some point the ship received fourteen to eighteen 37 millimeter ( 1 . 5 in ) Hotchkiss 5 barrel revolving guns . They fired a shell weighing about 500 g ( 1 . 1 lb ) at a muzzle velocity of about 610 m s ( 2 , 000 ft s ) to a range of about 3 , 200 meters ( 3 , 500 yd ) and had a rate of fire of about 30 rounds per minute . Armor The Colbert class ships had a complete wrought iron waterline belt that was 220 millimeters ( 8 . 7 in ) thick amidships and tapered to 180 millimeters ( 7 . 1 in ) at the stern . It was backed by 89 millimeters ( 3 . 5 in ) of wood . The sides of the battery itself were armored with 160 millimeters ( 6 . 3 in ) of wrought iron , backed by 62 millimeters ( 2 . 4 in ) of wood , and the ends of the battery were closed by transverse armored bulkheads 120 millimeters ( 4 . 7 in ) thick , backed by 480 millimeters ( 18 . 9 in ) of wood . The barbettes were unarmored , but the deck was 15 millimeters ( 0 . 59 in ) thick . Ships Service Colbert served as the flagship of the Mediterranean Squadron from 1879 to 1890 when she was placed in reserve . Trident became the flagship of the second in command of the squadron in 1879 . The sisters bombarded port of Sfax on 15 16 July 1881 as the French occupied Tunisia , under the command of Vice Admiral Henri unk . Colbert was recommissioned in 1892 before she was disarmed and paid off in 1895 . Trident was disarmed and placed in reserve in 1886 89 , but was recommissioned in 1889 and resumed her role as flagship until she was again placed in reserve in 1894 . The ship served as a gunnery training ship until she was condemned in 1900 . She was renamed Var in 1904 and was sold for scrap five years later . Colbert was also condemned in 1900 and sold for scrap in 1909 .
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3,415 | Hurricane Florence was a minimal Atlantic hurricane that struck the Florida Panhandle in September of the 1953 season . The eighth storm and fifth hurricane of the season , Florence developed in the western Caribbean from a tropical wave near Jamaica on September 23 . It produced heavy rainfall on the nearby island , and later caused damage in western Cuba . The storm quickly intensified into a hurricane over the Yucatan Channel , and as it moved north through the Gulf of Mexico , Florence 's maximum sustained winds reached 125 mph ( 205 km h ) . On September 26 , the hurricane hit in a sparsely populated region of western Florida , and shortly after landfall became an extratropical cyclone . Damage from Florence , with 421 houses damaged and another three destroyed . The winds destroyed the roofs of three evacuation shelters , resulting in one injury . The city of Apalachicola , Florida was temporarily isolated due to the storm 's impact . There were no deaths associated with Florence , and damage totaled 200 , 000 ( 1953 USD , 1 . 77 million 2016 USD ) . After becoming extratropical , the remnants continued to the northeast , producing rainfall along its path before dissipating on September 28 southeast of New England . Meteorological history The origins of Hurricane Florence were from a tropical wave that moved through the Lesser Antilles into the eastern Caribbean Sea on September 21 . The wave tracked generally westward , and spawned a tropical storm on September 23 about 100 mi ( 160 km ) southeast of Jamaica . Given the name Florence , the storm steadily intensified after developing , although a well defined circulation was not observed until September 24 . That day , Florence attained hurricane status in the Yucatn Channel between the Yucatn Peninsula and the western tip of Cuba . After turning north and entering the Gulf of Mexico , Florence quickly intensified , with the Hurricane Hunters estimating winds of 125 to 140 mph ( 205 to 225 km h ) the official peak intensity was reported as 125 mph ( 205 km h ) , along with a pressure of 968 . 0 mb ( 28 . 59 inHg ) . However , the estimate of the peak winds may have been too high , as ships in the region did not confirm them . On September 26 , it began quickly weakening , due to a combination of colder water temperatures and cool air . At around 1800 UTC that day , Florence made landfall in a sparsely populated area between Fort Walton and Panama City Beach , Florida with winds of 80 mph ( 130 km h ) . Within six hours after moving ashore , the hurricane had transitioned into an extratropical cyclone near the borders of Florida , Alabama , and Georgia . The remnants of Florence turned the northeast along a cold front , crossing Georgia before emerging near Savannah . The storm paralleled the Carolinas just offshore , dissipating on September 28 southeast of New England . Preparations and impact While the storm was first developing , Florence dropped heavy rainfall up to 10 in ( 250 mm ) in Jamaica , which isolated villages and blocked roads . Early in its existence , Hurricane Florence produced strong winds and waves along the west coast of Cuba , producing locally heavy damage . Prior to the hurricane making landfall on the United States Gulf Coast , the Weather Bureau issued warnings and recommended evacuations , which were credited in preventing any deaths or major injuries . In Florida and Alabama , the National Guard were activated in the event of heavy damage being caused , although they were ultimately not required . The Air Force flew hundreds of planes away from the region for safety . In addition , the Coast Guard drove along the beach to warn people of the approaching hurricane . In Panama City , Florida , about 10 , 000 people were evacuated . All warnings related to the hurricane were lowered by the New Orleans U.S. Weather Bureau office at 4 pm CDT on September 26 . Offshore , a United States Coast Guard ship came to a standstill for 18 hours from the morning of September 25 into the early morning hours of September 26 while battling the cyclone out in the Gulf of Mexico . The strongest winds recorded were 84 mph ( 135 km h ) at Eglin Air Force Base . Although Florence made landfall in Florida , the heaviest rainfall related to Florence was 14 . 71 in ( 374 mm ) in Lockhart , Alabama . Two intense rainbands , one on each side of the center , were responsible for the heaviest rainfall from the hurricane , including hourly rainfall rates of over 1 . 5 in ( 38 mm ) . Panama City reported 3 . 66 in ( 93 millimetres ) in a three hour period . The combination of winds and heavy rainfall caused minor crop damage in the Florida panhandle and southeastern Alabama . Along the coast , Florence damaged 421 houses and destroyed three others . The winds destroyed the roofs of three shelters one at Eglin Air Force Base and two in Crestview , Florida , forcing the evacuees to leave for safer areas one person was injured in the process . The winds also destroyed the roofs of nine houses in Crestview . Strong waves , reaching up to 14 ft ( 4 . 3 m ) in height , damaged 100 ft ( 30 m ) of a fishing pier in Panama City . The waves also washed over portions of U.S. Route 98 near Apalachicola , leaving the city isolated after power lines were downed . Due to the strongest winds affecting a sparsely populated area near the coast , overall damage in the United States was minor , estimated around 200 , 000 ( 1953 USD , 1 . 77 million 2016 USD ) . Heavy rainfall was reported in portions Alabama , including a total of 8 . 72 in ( 221 mm ) , one inch shy of the 24 hour precipitation record in Montgomery set in 1892 . There , the rainfall backed up sewer drains , flooding homes and cars . The storm left about 4 , 000 people without electricity in the area . While Florence moved across the southeastern United States , the heaviest rainfall fell to the near and left of its center , due to interaction with a cold front .
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3,416 | The 2008 Chino Hills earthquake occurred at 11 42 15 a.m. PDT on July 29 in Southern California . The epicenter of the magnitude 5 . 5 earthquake was in Chino Hills , approximately 28 miles ( 45 km ) east southeast of downtown Los Angeles . Though no lives were lost , eight people were injured , and it caused considerable damage in numerous structures throughout the area and caused some amusement park facilities to shut down their rides . The earthquake led to increased discussion regarding the possibility of a stronger earthquake in the future . Earthquake The Chino Hills earthquake was caused by oblique slip faulting , with components of both thrust and sinistral strike slip displacement . Preliminary reports cited the Whittier fault as the active cause , but the quake was later determined to have been generated by the Yorba Linda trend , as identified by Caltech seismologist Egill unk . Its epicenter was within 3 miles ( 4 . 8 km ) of Chino Hills and its hypocenter was approximately 9 . 1 miles ( 14 . 6 km ) deep . Initial estimations of the moderate main shock reported it as magnitude 5 . 8 , but this was later revised to magnitude 5 . 4 and in later months to a 5 . 5 . The main shock was reportedly felt as far south as San Diego , and Tijuana , Mexico , and as far east as Las Vegas , Nevada . It was the strongest earthquake to occur in the greater Los Angeles area since the 1994 Northridge earthquake . As reported by The Orange County Register , three unk , all less than magnitude 3 . 0 , occurred in Anaheim Hills , 7 miles ( 11 km ) southwest of Chino Hills , two months before the Chino Hills earthquake . There was an unusually low amount of seismic activity in Southern California in the week prior to the quake . Between July 20 and July 26 , 2008 , there were no earthquakes in Southern California exceeding magnitude 3 . 0 , thus there was speculation that the wane in seismic activity was a precursor to a possible larger event . Impact The Chino Hills earthquake caused no deaths or significant damage due to the physical location of its epicenter . Most of the infrastructure in the Chino Hills area is relatively new and well suited to withstand a large quake . Unlike previous earthquakes in the region such as the 1994 Northridge earthquake and the 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake , which caused serious structural damage and fatalities this quake caused only minor damage . However , the high volume of telephone use following the shock overloaded provider capacity and disrupted service into the afternoon . Amusement rides at Disneyland , Six Flags Magic Mountain , Universal Studios Hollywood and Knott 's Berry Farm were evacuated and temporarily shut down . California State University , Fullerton suffered some damage in its older , inadequately engineered buildings . In Orange , the Chapman University School of Law was evacuated after a water pipe was ruptured . Pipes on a Macy 's department store in Westfield Topanga ruptured during the tremor flooding the store which closed for a couple of days in order to be repaired . A light fixture damaged by the shock started a small fire in the Westfield unk Mall in Santa Ana since the fire was in an empty movie theater , nobody was harmed . A gap was reported on California State Route 91 near Anaheim Hills , approximately 7 miles ( 11 km ) southwest of the epicenter , but the California Department of Transportation concluded that the gap did not pose a danger . A minor landslide near the freeway caused some traffic congestion , but structural damage were reported . Caltrans replaced an expansion joint on an Interstate 5 truck overpass at the El Toro Y Interchange . The roof of Placentia 's public library nearly collapsed afterwards , the building was closed for repairs . Electrical outages were reported in Chino , Chino Hills , Diamond Bar and Pomona . Over 2 , 000 people lost power after a fire broke out at a La Habra power station , but electricity was restored that afternoon . Los Angeles International Airport reported a ground radar system outage along with a broken water heater , causing flooding in the checked luggage preparation area of Terminal 7 . Minor injuries from falling ceiling tiles were reported at a medical clinic in Brea . Aftershocks Approximately 100 minor aftershocks and one presumed foreshock were reported within two days after the earthquake , 27 of which occurred within an hour after the earthquake . Four aftershocks of at least 3 . 0 in magnitude were reported the first , nine minutes following the initial earthquake , was the largest at magnitude 3 . 8 and two others , occurring over two hours later , were recorded at magnitude 3 . 6 . Twenty eight aftershocks of at least 2 . 0 were reported . One presumed foreshock , magnitude 1 . 3 , occurred sixteen hours prior to the earthquake in the same location as the main shock . Response There was speculation that the Chino Hills earthquake may have been a foreshock to a larger earthquake . The Southern California Seismic Network 's Aftershock Probability Report , produced minutes after the event , stated that Most likely , the recent mainshock will be the largest in the sequence . However , there is a small chance , approximately 5 10 , of an earthquake equal to or larger than this mainshock in the next 7 days . Geologists at the United States Geological Survey and Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast suggest that an earthquake with a magnitude of 6 . 7 or larger will almost definitely occur somewhere in the state within the next 30 years . California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger said This earthquake reminds us to be prepared . ... We were very fortunate that there were no serious injuries or property damage . Additionally , registration for the Great Southern California unk , a regional earthquake drill scheduled to occur on Nov. 13 , 2008 , increased significantly in the aftermath of the earthquake .
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3,417 | Staczyk ( Polish Staczyk w czasie balu na unk unk Bony wobec unk unk , English Staczyk during a ball at the court of Queen Bona in the face of the loss of Smolensk ) is a painting by Jan Matejko finished in 1862 . This painting was acquired by the Warsaw National Museum in 1924 . During World War II it was looted by the Nazis and subsequently seized by the Soviet Union , returned to Poland around 1956 . It is one of Matejko 's most famous works and the one that launched him to fame . It has been described as one of the most recognizable paintings in the Warsaw National Museum , and is a flagship painting for the Collection of Polish paintings prior to 1914 . Its primary composition is the contrast between the solemn jester ( the titular Staczyk ) and the lively ball going on in the background . The painting has created an image of Staczyk that has become iconic , and widely recognized in Poland . Staczyk Staczyk , the male figure depicted in the painting , was the court jester when Poland was at the height of its political , economic and cultural power during the era of the Renaissance in Poland , during the reign of King Sigismund I the Old ( reigned 1506 1548 ) . He was a popular figure besides his fame as a jester he has been described as an eloquent , witty , and intelligent man , using satire to comment on the nation 's past , present , and future . Unlike jesters of other European courts , Staczyk has always been considered as much more than a mere entertainer . Staczyk 's fame and legend were strong in his own time and enjoyed a resurgence in the 19th century , and he remains well known to this day . Scarcity of sources gave rise to four distinct hypotheses about Staczyk in the 19th century that he was entirely invented by Jan Kochanowski and his colleagues , that he was perhaps a typical jester dressed by his contemporaries in an unk attire , perhaps a Shakespearean vision of 19th century writers , or perhaps indeed a grey eminence of the unk unk . In any measure , consensus among modern scholars is that such a person indeed existed and even if he did not , the figure had a tremendous importance to Polish culture of later centuries , appearing in works of many artists of the 19th and 20th centuries . He appears in a work of , among others , Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz ( in Jan z unk . unk unk , 1825 ) and several works by Jzef Ignacy Kraszewski ( 1839 , 1841 ) . Content The full title of the painting is Staczyk w czasie balu na unk unk Bony wobec unk unk ( Staczyk during a ball at the court of Queen Bona in the face of the loss of Smolensk ) . a The primary composition of the painting is in the contrast between the solemn jester ( Staczyk ) obviously the focus of the painting and the lively ball going on in the background . Staczyk is shown sitting alone in a dark room , while a ball , hosted by the royal family , is in full swing in the neighbouring hall . His appearance is unlike that one would expect in a jester gloomy , deep in thought . His seriousness is reinforced by his accessories his unk lies discarded on the floor , whereas a holy medallion of the Black Madonna of Czstochowa can be seen on his torso . On the table lies a letter with the year 1514 and the name Smolensk , likely announcing that Poland has lost Smolensk ( now in Russia ) to the Grand Duchy of Muscovy , causing Staczyk 's sorrow and reflection on his fatherland 's fate . The letter seems to have been discarded by some official , and only the jester realizes its significance while the rulers are partying , celebrating the recent victory at the battle of Orsha , disregarding the bad news about Smolensk . Another symbol , a lute , symbol of glory , is being carried by a midget , stereotyped as a person of low stature and morale in Matejko 's time this suggests a decline of the Jagiellon dynasty 's fortunes . Through an open window , a comet is seen a portent sign of ill fortune . History , significance and historiography Matejko was fascinated by Staczyk from the times of his youth , and portrayed him in several of his works ( most notably , besides the painting discussed here , in Consecration of King Sigismund 's Bell , 1874 and Prussian Homage , 1882 ) . Working on this painting , Matejko was also inspired by the book Krl unk by Seweryn unk , whose main character a loner , living in the castle 's ruins , trying to reconcile past and present , and himself inspired by Staczyk likely influenced this painting . Completed in 1862 , when Matejko was twenty four years old , it is one of his most famous works and the one that launched him to fame . It is seen as a key painting for the understanding of Matejko 's style and intentions in his art . Matejko used his own face for Staczyk , and with this work , began a series of paintings analyzing and interpreting the history of Poland through the figure of Staczyk . The painting is also seen as highly significant for the culture of Poland in general . It has been described as one of the most recognizable paintings in the Warsaw National Museum , and is a flagship painting for the Collection of Polish paintings prior to 1914 . The painting has created an image of Staczyk that has become iconic , and has been repeated in other works such as the play unk ( 1901 ) of Stanisaw Wyspiaski . Matejko 's most famous paintings are usually large , group scenes individual scenes are less common in his work . Upon its creation , the painting did not gather much attention , and was acquired by the Krakw Society of Friends of Fine Arts for a purpose of a gift lottery . It was subsequently won by a certain individual , unk , in whose possession it was slightly damaged . Upon Matejko 's raise to fame , the painting was rediscovered and applauded as a masterpiece , and acquired by the Warsaw National Museum in 1924 . During World War II it was looted by the Nazis . It was subsequently seized by the Soviet Union and returned to Poland around 1956 .
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3,418 | Cephalic Carnage is an American grindcore band formed in 1992 in Denver , Colorado . The band comprises vocalist unk Leal , guitarists Steve Goldberg and Brian Hopp , drummer John Merryman and bassist Nick Schendzielos . Cephalic Carnage has released six studio albums and toured in North America , Europe and Japan . Cephalic Carnage play a technically proficient deathgrind style , progressively experiment with other genres , and incorporate songs of joke nature into their albums , such as parodies of black metal or metalcore . They refer themselves as rocky mountain hydro grind . History Conforming to Abnormality , Exploiting Dysfunction ( 1992 2001 ) Cephalic Carnage formed in Denver , Colorado , in 1992 by vocalist unk Leal and guitarist Zac Joe . The duo recorded a demo EP titled Scrape My Lungs in 1993 , but then took a break until 1996 , when they recruited drummer John Merryman , guitarist Steve Goldberg and bassist Doug Williams . Merryman also collaborated with Secret Chiefs 3 . Soon after the reformation , their second demo EP unk Oddity was released . During 1997 , Cephalic Carnage financed its own tour across the United States . In 1998 , the band caught the attention of Italian record label unk Records , which released the band 's debut album Conforming to Abnormality that year . Williams left in 1999 and joined Origin . He was replaced by unk Mullen , and the band toured at the Milwaukee Metalfest in 1998 , the Dallas unk , the Ohio Deathfest and the Denver unk in 1999 . In 2000 , Cephalic Carnage signed to the American heavy metal record label Relapse Records and released its second album Exploiting Dysfunction , which included a tour with Napalm Death and The Dillinger Escape Plan . Lucid Interval and Anomalies ( 2002 2006 ) Lucid Interval , the band 's third album , was recorded in early 2002 and released in August that year . The band toured a month later in Canada and subsequently in the U.S. with German thrash metal veterans Kreator and Destruction . In May 2003 , the band undertook the North American Contamination tour alongside Mastodon and others . That September , Cephalic Carnage and unk supported Hatebreed on the North American Rise of Brutality tour . In September 2004 , the band recorded its next album , Anomalies , with producer Dave Otero . Darren Doane directed a promotional music video for Dying Will Be the Death of Me , which premiered at MTV 's Headbanger 's Ball . The song parodies American metalcore with its music , lyrics and vocals . In March 2005 , Anomalies was released , and the band toured in North America once again . Mullen exited in January 2006 to prioritize his education and other acts , and the band soon found replacement Nick Schendzielos . In March , the band 's recording studio was robbed . They played several shows in the United States in April , and an extensive European tour followed in June with Darkest Hour . Xenosapien ( 2007 2009 ) The band recorded its next studio album between November and December 2006 , and its release was set for May 2007 under the title Xenosapien . In March 2007 , the band supported unk on U.S. dates and subsequently embarked on Xenosapien World Tour , which started in continental Europe on May 4 , continued in United Kingdom and Ireland in May and resumed in the Summer Slaughter trek ( dubbed the Summer s Laughter by band members ) across the U.S. throughout June and July along with Decapitated among others . The band also filmed a music video for the song Endless Cycle of Violence . On November 20 , 2007 , the band 's van was robbed . Their recent earnings from the tour ( close to 4 , 000 ) , a laptop with more than 2 , 000 in music software programs loaded , an iPod and various personal items were stolen . Cephalic Carnage reissued Conforming to Abnormality under Relapse Records on April 29 , 2008 . Cephalic Carnage participated in a mini tour of Japan in May 2009 , performing in Osaka , Nagoya and Tokyo . In June 2009 , Cephalic Carnage , along with Cattle Decapitation and Withered , pulled out of the unk tour due to organization problems and said they were getting on with writing the next full length , ( ... ) as well as finishing construction of our late night unk stand , where we will serve country fried giraffe eggs and your favorite French Canadian specialty . In October 2009 , the band released a music video for the song unk while writing a new album and announced a planned concert DVD entitled Live At Your Mom 's House . Misled by Certainty ( 2010 present ) Cephalic Carnage began recording their new album , Misled by Certainty , in May 2010 . It was released August 31 , 2010 by Relapse Records . They also reissued Lucid Interval on September 13 , 2011 . Musical style Allmusic describes the style of Cephalic Carnage as crazy concoction of truly experimental grindcore , death metal , and jazz . Their music varies from death grind , technical death metal , occasional surf rock , instrumental , to flamenco interludes or violin and sax ambient jams . Their early style is typically progressive and technically proficient , with some comedic songs . Their later work developed into a more experimental , complex direction . Cephalic Carnage is also known for its humorous songs . Popmatters points out some examples On past albums , the band has taken satirical swipes at the overtly image oriented black metal ( Black Metal Sabbath ) and the oversaturated , angst ridden metalcore sound ( Dying Will Be the Death of Me ) , and even in live settings , they re not above taking the odd spontaneous piss take to bring some levity to a situation . One notorious YouTube clip has a fight starting in the pit at a Cephalic show in Toronto , and in an inspired moment , the band launches into a rousing excerpt from Eye of the Tiger , to a raucous ovation from the kids . Members Timeline Discography
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3,419 | HMS Tabard was a British submarine of the third group of the T class . She was built by Scotts , Greenock , and launched on 21 November 1945 . So far she has been the only boat of the Royal Navy to bear the name Tabard , after the item of clothing . Having been launched after the war , she was selected , along with a number of boats of her class , to try out new streamlining techniques based on the German Type XXIII submarine . In May 1963 , she was involved in a collision with HMAS Queenborough , and on 10 February 1964 she underwent exercises with HMAS Melbourne and HMAS Voyager in the hours before their collision . When she returned to the UK , she became the static training submarine at the shore establishment HMS Dolphin , until 1974 when she was sold and broken up . Design and description Tabard had been originally ordered from Vickers Armstrong , Barrow , but the orders were switched to Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company , Greenock . Ordered as P. 342 , she was named Tabard in May 1943 after the Tabard , the official dress of a herald , and she is the only boat of the Royal Navy to bear the name . She was laid down on 6 September 1944 , and launched on 21 November 1945 before being completed on 25 June 1946 . It was one of fourteen boats ordered under the 1942 Programme , and was one of the five which were completed . Unlike some of the earlier boats of its class , it was not equipped with a 4 inch gun with a full shield , rather than a standard open gun mounting . Further aft , she had an Oerlikon 20 mm cannon mounting which was modified for boats by having holes cut in the pedestal for drainage . Being from the third group , she has an all welded hull , which increased her diving depth to 350 feet ( 110 m ) . Following post war tests by the British Navy on German Type XXIII submarines , it was decided by the Admiralty to modify eight T class submarines to enlarge the batteries , increase the power of the motors and streamline the hulls . In 1950 , unk 's pressure hull was cut at the after end of the engine room and the submarine was lengthened by 20 feet ( 6 . 1 m ) . This gave enough room to add an additional battery compartment and a second pair of electric motors . The propulsion system was changed from direct to diesel electric transmission . Along with HMS Trump , Tabard was one of two boats which were further modified by incorporating their bridge into a streamlined fin . Other streamlining adjustments were made to the hull with all external fittings removed , including the external torpedo tubes and gun . The periscopes , radar masts , snort mast and wireless mast were all incorporated into the new bridge fin . Service Tabard was commissioned after the end of the Second World War , initially being sent for Mediterranean duties . In March 1949 , she was one of a number of ships to take part in Operation Two Step , a training exercise which combined the bulk of the Home Fleet with the Mediterranean Fleet to make up the biggest concentration of British ships since Operation Torch in November 1942 . On 17 January 1950 , along with HMS Chequers carrying Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , she escorted HMS Surprise carrying Admiral Sir Arthur Power to meet with Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia for talks at Jeddah . While being refitted in Malta during June 1950 , she was damaged by electrical cables being installed by a disgruntled workman . Reports in the British media arose a little over a month later , mistakenly attributing the damage to HMS Teredo . On 18 December 1950 , she rescued Roi Wilson , later captain of the Old Royal Naval College , after he and his observer James Hawker had downed their Fairey Firefly . In 1960 , Tabard along with unk and Trump , joined the 4th Submarine Squadron in Sydney , Australia . She underwent a refit at Cockatoo Island in Sydney between 9 January 1961 and 26 March 1962 , becoming the submarine to be refitted there . There , they operated with units of the Far East Fleet , the Royal Australian Navy , and the Royal New Zealand Navy . In April 1963 she collided with a wharf when docking in Brisbane , damaging her ASDIC sonar equipment . On 8 May , Tabard was involved in a further minor collision with Royal Australian Navy frigate HMAS Queenborough , following a week of anti submarine training exercises . Tabard was at periscope depth when Queenborough passed above her , bending the submarine 's fin and the frigate 's keel and port propeller . Both vessels were able to safely return to Sydney , where they docked at naval base HMAS Kuttabul for repairs . On 10 February 1964 , she participated in anti submarine exercises with the aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne and the destroyer HMAS Voyager , finishing at 1800 hours that day . Less than three hours later , Voyager sailed under Melbourne 's bow and was cut in two and sunk , killing 82 of her crew in what was to become known as the Voyager Incident . Later that year in June , she participated in the NEWS EX anti submarine exercise in the Hauraki Gulf off the coast of New Zealand . She underwent a second refit at Cockatoo Island between 9 October 1964 and 10 December 1965 , due to the extensive repairs required to her fin , casings and salt water systems . Following the establishment of the 1st Australian Submarine Squadron in 1967 , the 4th Submarine Squadron returned to the UK , however Tabard along with Trump remained behind on loan to the Royal Australian Navy . Tabard returned to the United Kingdom in March 1968 . She was permanently moored as a static training submarine at the HMS Dolphin shore establishment from 1969 until 1974 , when she was replaced by HMS Alliance . Tabard was the last T class boat in service with Royal Navy , albeit non operationally . She was finally sold for scrap on 2 January 1974 , arriving at the breakers on 14 March 1974 . During her service , she spent two years in the Mediterranean and eight years in Australia , covering 253 , 349 miles .
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3,420 | Sand Point in Somerset , England , is the peninsula stretching out from Middle Hope , an 84 . 1 hectare ( 208 acre ) biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest . It lies to the north of the village of unk , and the stretch of coastline called Sand Bay north of the town of Weston super Mare . On a clear day it commands views over Flat Holm , of the Bristol Channel , South Wales , Clevedon , the Second Severn Crossing and the Severn Bridge . A line drawn between Sand Point and Lavernock Point in South Wales marks the lower limit of the Severn Estuary and the start of the Bristol Channel . Middle Hope is a sequence of carboniferous limestone with unusual geological features including a Pleistocene aged fossil cliff and as a result has been designated as a regionally important geological site . The underlying geology and soil types support scarce plants such as the unk buttercup , honewort , Cheddar pink and Somerset hair grass . Human use of the sites is shown by a bowl barrow and disc barrow from late Neolithic or Bronze Age and the site of a likely motte and bailey castle . Woodspring Priory , a former Augustinian priory which was founded in the early 13th century , sits just inland of the rocky promontory . The priory and surrounding land is owned by the National Trust and is a popular place for walking . Geology At Middle Hope a sequence of carboniferous limestone is exposed , which includes thick volcanic tuffs and lavas , demonstrating unk carbonate sections . The site contains a Pleistocene aged fossil cliff and shore platform . These features have led to the designation of Middle Hope as a regionally important geological site ( unk ) . The raised beach of wave cut platforms has been created by changes in sea level of the Bristol Channel since the Quaternary period . The arrangement of volcanic and sedimentary rocks , including the Black Rock Limestone , illustrates the events of 350 million years ago . The strata have been tilted and compressed during the unk orogeny . Flora Among scarce plants found on Sand Point are unk buttercup , and honewort . The range of soils at the site support various flora and fauna . The calcareous grassland is dominated by Festuca species and Dactylis glomerata , while the scrub towards the west of the site is dominated by hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna ) and blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa ) , while that to the east consists of common gorse ( Ulex europaeus ) and bramble ( Rubus unk unk ) . Less common plants include the cheddar pink ( Dianthus gratianopolitanus ) and Somerset hair grass ( unk unk ) . History Evidence of early human occupation if provided by a bowl barrow and disc barrow from the late Neolithic or Bronze Age have been identified on the higher ground . The bowl barrow is 10 metres ( 33 ft ) in diameter and approximately 0 . 5 metres ( 1 ft 8 in ) high . Slightly west of the bowl barrow is a disc barrow surrounded by a bank and ditch which enclose an area about 8 metres ( 26 ft ) across . These are situated at the highest point where the Ordnance Survey have constructed a triangulation station . A motte and bailey castle may have been constructed after the Norman Conquest . The site is known as Castle Mound or Castle Batch and can be seen as a 2 metres ( 6 ft 7 in ) high mound which is approximately 30 metres ( 98 ft ) in diameter and marked by a ditch on the landward eastern edge . The mound was damaged by the construction of a building during World War II . The medieval date for the construction is in doubt with some sources suggesting that the mound may have been a watchtower constructed in the 16th century . The walls of the sheep fold were built by prisoners from the Napoleonic Wars . Hope Cove on the northern coast had a reputation for smuggling as it was well away from the men of HM Customs and Excise . Woodspring Priory was an Augustinian priory . It was founded by William de Courtney , in the early 13th century , and dedicated to Thomas Becket . The small community built a church and monastic lodgings during the next hundred years . They were Victorine Canons who were influenced by the Cistercians emphasis on manual labour and self sufficiency . As a result , the clerks who had taken holy orders worked on the farm , as well as providing clergy for surrounding churches . Despite endowments of land the priory was not wealthy until the 15th century when further building work , including the current priory church , infirmary and barn was undertaken . It was dissolved in 1536 and then owned by local noblemen and leased to local farmers . In 1969 the priory was taken over by the Landmark Trust who spent 20 years on restoration work , and since the 1990s have rented out the farmhouse as holiday accommodation . The surviving buildings include the priory church , which was a 15th century replacement for the earlier 13th century structure , infirmary , barn and 16th century prior 's lodging which was converted into a farmhouse . The whole site was arranged around a central cloister from which only the east wall and west wall of the chapter house remain , the sacristy , refectory , chapter house , lady chapel and parlour having been demolished . Because of the biological and geological interest the site was designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1952 . In 1968 the priory and adjoining land of Middle Hope was purchased by the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty as part of Project Neptune . During World War II weapons were tested at Sand Point , in association with the base at Birnbeck Pier which was commissioned as HMS Birnbeck by the Admiralty as part of the Department of Miscellaneous Weapons Development ( DMWD ) for research into new weapons . To support this buildings were constructed at St Thomas Head , east of Middle Hope . Some of these have since been removed and the site is now used by QinetiQ as an explosives and shock test facility .
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3,421 | HMS Cochrane was a Warrior class armoured cruiser built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century . She served in the 2nd Cruiser Squadron during the First World War under Rear Admiral Herbert Heath , taking part in the Battle of Jutland in 1916 . She was based in Murmansk in mid 1918 during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War . She became stranded in the River Mersey on 14 November 1918 and broke in two . The wreck was broken up in place by June 1919 . Description Cochrane displaced 13 , 550 long tons ( 13 , 770 t ) as built and 14 , 500 long tons ( 14 , 700 t ) fully loaded , with a length of 505 feet 4 inches ( 154 . 0 m ) , a beam of 73 feet 6 inches ( 22 . 4 m ) and a draft of 27 feet 6 inches ( 8 . 4 m ) . She was powered by four cylinder triple expansion steam engines , driving two shafts , which developed a total of 23 , 650 indicated horsepower ( 17 , 640 kW ) and gave a maximum speed of 23 . 3 knots ( 43 . 2 km h 26 . 8 mph ) . The engines were powered by 19 Yarrow water tube boilers and six cylindrical boilers . The ship carried a maximum of 2 , 050 long tons ( 2 , 080 t ) of coal and an additional 600 long tons ( 610 t ) of fuel oil that was sprayed on the coal to increase its burn rate . At full capacity , she could steam for 7 , 960 nautical miles ( 14 , 740 km 9 , 160 mi ) at a speed of 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . Her main armament consisted of six BL 9 . 2 inch ( 234 mm ) Mark X guns in single Mk V turrets distributed in two centerline turrets ( one each fore and one aft ) and four turrets disposed in the corners about the funnels . Her secondary armament of four BL 7 . 5 inch ( 191 mm ) Mark II or Mark V guns in single Mk II turrets was carried amidships , between the wing 9 . 2 inch guns . Twenty six Vickers QF 3 pounders were fitted , ten on turret roofs and eight each on the forward and aft superstructures . The last four ships of the Duke of Edinburgh class cruisers had a secondary armament of turreted 7 . 5 inch guns rather than the 6 inch ( 152 mm ) guns in open barbettes of the first two ships these latter four were sometimes referred to as the Warrior class . Because of the extra topweight of the turrets in comparison to their half sisters their stability was reduced which made them very good seaboats and steady gun platforms . Wartime modifications A single Hotchkiss QF 6 pounder anti aircraft gun on a high angle Mark Ic mounting was mounted on the quarterdeck in 1915 . It had a maximum depression of 8 and a maximum elevation of 60 . The gun fired a 6 pound ( 2 . 7 kg ) shell at a muzzle velocity of 1 , 765 ft s ( 538 m s ) at a rate of fire of 20 rounds per minute . They had a maximum ceiling of 10 , 000 ft ( 3 , 000 m ) , but an effective range of only 1 , 200 yards ( 1 , 100 m ) . It was replaced by a QF 3 inch 20 cwt guns on a high angle Mark II mount in 1916 . This gun had a maximum depression of 10 and a maximum elevation of 90 . It fired a 12 . 5 pound ( 5 . 7 kg ) shell at a muzzle velocity of 2 , 500 ft s ( 760 m s ) at a rate of 12 14 rounds per minute . It had a maximum effective ceiling of 23 , 500 ft ( 7 , 200 m ) . A pair of Vickers QF 3 pounder on HA Mark III mountings were probably installed amidships during 1915 16 . They could elevate to 80 and depress to 5 . This gun fired a 3 . 3 pound ( 1 . 5 kg ) shell at a muzzle velocity of 2 , 575 ft s ( 785 m s ) at a rate of 25 rounds per minute . They had a maximum ceiling of 15 , 000 ft ( 4 , 600 m ) , but an effective range of only 2 , 000 yards ( 1 , 800 m ) . The guns on top of ' A ' and ' Y ' turrets were removed in 1915 16 . The aftermost 3 pounder guns on the superstructure were removed during 1917 as well as the guns on top of the forward 9 . 2 inch wing turrets . This reduced her total to twenty 3 pounder guns , excluding the AA guns . Some of these guns were landed at Murmansk while she was based there . Seventeen 3 pounders were on board when she was lost in 1919 , but it is unclear if that total includes the AA guns . Cochrane 's foremast was converted to a tripod mast to support the weight of a fire control director in 1917 , but the director was not actually fitted until August 1918 . Service Cochrane was laid down on 24 March 1904 and launched on 28 May 1905 at Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering , Govan , Scotland . The ship was commissioned with a nucleus crew on 18 February 1907 and cost 1 , 193 , 121 . She joined the Nore Division of the Home Fleet on 6 March 1907 and shortly afterwards was brought into to full commission for service with the 5th Cruiser Squadron . On 1 April 1909 she recommissioned for service with the 2nd Cruiser Squadron with which she remained until September 1917 . She escorted the Royal Yacht Medina in 1911 12 . Cochrane , accompanied by her sister Achilles and three other armoured cruisers were sent to reinforce the defences of the Shetland Islands on 2 August 1914 , days before the start of the First World War . She , and her squadron , were assigned to the Grand Fleet for most of the First World War . She took part in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1 June 1916 , along with the cruisers Minotaur , Shannon , and Hampshire under the command of Rear Admiral Heath . However , the ship remained unengaged throughout the battle , and did not fire her 9 . 2 or 7 . 5 inch guns at all during the battle . Cochrane was transferred to the North America and West Indies station in November 1917 , but rejoined the 2nd Cruiser Squadron early in 1918 . She was based in Murmansk between March and September 1918 during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War . She ferried Soviet troops to Pechenga on 3 May to forestall an attempt by White Finns to seize the town . On 14 November 1918 she was stranded in the Mersey Estuary , while under the control of the pilot , and later broke in two , becoming a total loss . The wreck had been broken up in situ by June 1919 .
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3,422 | Manek unk Bajana ( 14 September 1886 28 April 1927 ) was an Indian amateur cricketer who played 55 first class cricket matches between 1911 and 1920 . Originally a member of the Indian team which toured England in 1911 , he remained in the country and joined Somerset County Cricket Club , for which he played as an opening batsman until 1920 . During his nine year first class cricket career , Bajana scored 1 , 975 runs at an average of 20 . 78 . He scored three centuries , and made his highest score in 1920 , scoring 115 runs against Cambridge University . Early life and Indian tour Manek unk Bajana was born on 14 September 1886 in India . Leading up to 1911 , he was employed in India by Maharaja unk Narayan of Cooch Behar , and early that year , Bajana travelled as part of the Maharajah 's retinue to England , where Narayan was attending the coronation of King George V. In England , he joined up with the touring Indian cricket team , as one of seven Parsi players in the side . The 1911 tour was the first by a representative Indian team , and included a mix of Hindus , Parsis , Muslims , and two members of the untouchable unk caste . Bajana appeared in seven matches during the tour , of which four had first class status . The team did not fare very well in their contests the captain of the side , Maharaja unk Singh of Patiala , only played three matches and spent the rest of his time socialising with the British high society , and there were rumours of sectarianism between the Parsi and Hindu members of the team . In twenty three matches , they won six and lost fifteen , the remaining two being drawn . Bajana was one of four batsmen to score a first class century for the Indians he struck 108 against Somerset at Taunton . On his first class debut , Bajana suffered the ignominy of a pair dismissed without scoring in both innings . During the tour , Bajana made it known that he was looking to remain in England and play county cricket . His century against Somerset drew the attention of that county , and he joined them in 1912 . County cricketer At the time of Bajana 's arrival in the Somerset team , the county were struggling to compete in the County Championship , and were making a financial loss . In three of the four years prior to 1912 , Somerset had finished bottom of the championship table , and there was little improvement in the final three years before the First World War , each of which resulted in a bottom three finish . The Somerset cricket historian , David Foot , records that at this time , the county 's recruitment policy was susceptible to exotic grandeur and haughty lineage , and suggested that a player 's cricketing ability was often a secondary consideration to their social standing . Bajana made his debut for Somerset in May 1912 , opening the batting for the county against Sussex . He scored twenty two and seven in a six wicket victory for his county . In the subsequent match , against Hampshire , Bajana scored his first half century in county cricket , hitting 71 runs in the second innings the highest score of any Somerset batsman in the match . He passed 50 on three further occasions that year , and along with Len Braund and Ernie Robson , was ever present in the Somerset team that season . His year 's aggregate of 575 runs in the County Championship , and his score of 95 , made against Worcestershire in August , were both the county 's best that season , in a year in which no player scored a century for Somerset . Bajana appeared less frequently for Somerset in 1913 , playing ten matches for the county . He only scored one half century , accruing 78 runs against Derbyshire . His batting average of 19 . 75 in 1913 placed him fourth in the Somerset batting averages . He did not play for Somerset in 1914 , and the outbreak of the First World War suspended county cricket until 1919 . During the war Bajana played , and captained , a number of matches for the Indian Gymkhana Cricket Club , and scored a century for the team against a New Zealand APS side in 1918 . In 1919 , Bajana returned to the Somerset team , playing in six of their twelve County Championship matches . His batting average of 27 . 55 in that competition was the second highest amongst his team , bettered only by Jack unk . Bajana hit two half centuries during the season , scoring 77 against Derbyshire , and 59 against Essex . The following 1920 season was Bajana 's last with Somerset . He appeared fifteen times for the county in first class cricket , averaging just over twenty . In a match against Cambridge University , he achieved his highest first class score , hitting 14 fours on his way to a total of 115 runs in 135 minutes . In his next match , he scored a second century for Somerset , and his only one in the County Championship , scoring 106 runs against Warwickshire . Bajana played his final first class match against Middlesex in August 1920 , scoring six and a duck . In all , Bajana scored 1 , 975 first class runs at an average of 20 . 78 . He scored three centuries and seven half centuries in 96 innings . He was rarely used as a bowler , and took four wickets at an average of 33 . 00 . Personal and later life In his history of Somerset cricket , David Foot describes Bajana as a smallish solidly built opening bat . During his time at Somerset , he was known as Pyjamas , which sounds similar to his surname . He played for Shepherd 's Bush Cricket Club from his arrival in England , and was part of a strong batting line up for the club . For a time , he ran an antiques and art dealership in Bayswater , London with Constantine Diamandis , but they dissolved their partnership in early 1920 . After the conclusion of his first class cricket career , he continued to play for Indian Gymkhana , including matches at Lord 's against the Marylebone Cricket Club in each of 1922 , 1923 and 1924 . He died in Bethnal Green , London on 28 April 1927 at the age of 40 .
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3,423 | The Slime is the mascot of the Dragon Quest role playing video game franchise . Originally inspired by the game Wizardry to be a weak and common monster for the video game Dragon Quest , Slime has appeared in almost every Dragon Quest game since . The character 's popularity led to the appearance of many varieties of slimes , including boss characters , and even emerging as the protagonist of the Rocket Slime video game series . The Slime has been placed on a multitude of different kinds of merchandise . The Slime 's friendliness , limited power , and appealing form have caused the Slime to become a popular character and symbol of the Dragon Quest series . Character design The inspiration for the Slime came to Yuji Horii , the creator of Dragon Quest , from a role playing game called Wizardry . I was really hooked on ' unk , ' the PC game , ... There 's ... slime looking characters ... , so I got the inspiration from it . I was doodling the slime looking character and I took it to Mr. Toriyama , who did the character design , and he made it the Slime we see today . Horii said that when it was originally conceived , the Slime was a pile of goo , but Toriyama 's design came back as a tear drop which they considered perfect . Attributes Personality In most appearances of the Slime , it is an antagonist , and occasionally a boss . In some Dragon Quest titles , slimes also appear as friendly non player characters and peaceful inhabitants of cities . Friendly slimes usually greet players with the phrase , I 'm not a bad slime . Slimes , like many monsters in the Dragon Quest series , have a certain verbal tic , slurp . Slimes also replace certain words or syllables with the word goo ( i.e. human is unk ) , or other words relating to slime or goo , when they speak . Outward appearance There are many different types of slimes found throughout the Dragon Quest and Rocket Slime series . These include slimes in different colors , bubble slimes , which look like pools of slime , nautical slimes that wear conch shells , the rare metal slimes , which have high defense , give out large amounts of experience points , and tend to flee from battle , unk , which have tentacles , and king slimes , which are very large slimes wearing crowns and come in various versions , such as regular or metal . Appearances The Slime made its first appearance in Dragon Quest as the first and weakest enemy in the game , and has made a similar appearance in all subsequent Dragon Quest titles . In Dragon Quest V , the monster is an easy recruit that learns a variety of magic spells . The Slime is also the protagonist of its own spinoff series , beginning with Slime unk Dragon Quest , a Japanese Game Boy Advance title . It was followed by Dragon Quest Heroes Rocket Slime , which was released worldwide for the Nintendo DS , and the Japanese exclusive title , Slime Mori Mori Dragon Quest 3 for the Nintendo 3DS . These games follow a nation of slimes who are intelligent and civilized , but also cute and somewhat comical . In the North American localization of the Dragon Quest games for the Nintendo DS , joking references and puns are made about slimes . Slime also appeared in three crossover games along with characters from Nintendo 's Mario franchise Itadaki Street DS , Mario Sports Mix , and Fortune Street . Analysis Reviewers have seen the slime as symbolic of the Dragon Quest series in the same way that the Moogle represents Final Fantasy . Dragon Quest creator Yuji Horii speculated that the popularity of the slime may come from its cuteness , how it is easy to defeat , and while the protagonists change in every Dragon Quest game , the slime is always there . GamesRadar speculated that the intense grinding , or fighting of enemies in the Dragon Quest series exposed players to an abundance of slimes , but a positive association was created by their familiarity . Yoshiki Watabe , producer of Dragon Quest VIII , hypothesized its popularity came from it being a well designed character , but simple , being accessible to anyone . Cultural impact Merchandise As the most recognizable symbol of the best selling video game series in Japan , the Slime has been featured prominently in Dragon Quest related merchandise . It has its own section called ' Smile Slime ' on the Square Enix JP shopping website . Slime merchandise includes plush toys , pencil cases , keychains , game controllers , a stylus , and several boardgames including one titled Dragon Quest Slime Racing . In Japan , pork filled steam buns shaped like slimes have been sold . For Dragon Quest 's 25th anniversary , special items were sold including business cards , tote bags , and crystal figurines . Reception The Dragon Quest Slime has received positive reception from critics and fans , being called the most prolific of all the memorable monsters from the series and is one of the most recognizable characters in gaming . The Slime has also been called cute and charming by several critics , especially when reviewing Rocket Slime . GamesRadar listed it as the most lovable blob in video games , calling them the equivalent of training wheels due to how easy they are to defeat typically , but also saying that their weird smile makes players think twice about killing them . They also listed it as a character they wished they knew less about . They stated that while they started out as nothing more than things for players to kill and not feel guilty about , the playable role of a Slime in the Dragon Quest Heroes series made them realize they were more than just generic enemies . In the January 2010 issue of Nintendo Power , the editors listed the Slime among its Favorite unk Bags , a list including Goombas and unk . They wrote that The Slimes are just so cute and friendly looking , it 's almost hard to slay them . But you know , a hero 's gotta do what a hero 's gotta do .
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3,424 | Hygrophorus bakerensis , commonly known as the Mt . Baker waxy cap , the brown almond waxy cap or the tawny almond waxy cap , is a species of fungus in the Hygrophoraceae family . It is characterized by its medium to large , relatively slender unk fruit bodies with an almond odor , and growth often on or near rotting conifer wood . The slimy cap is brown in the center and cream to white near its curved edges . The gills and the stem are white , and in moist environments are often covered with droplets of a translucent liquid . The mushroom is known only from the United States , where it is common in coniferous forests throughout the Pacific Northwest . It was initially collected in Washington State on Mount Baker , a volcano . Although edible , the mushroom is not considered to be of high quality . Taxonomy and naming The species was first described scientifically by American mycologists Alexander H. Smith and Lexemuel Ray Hesler in a 1942 publication . The specific epithet bakerensis refers to Mount Baker , a volcano in the North Cascades of Washington State in the United States , where the mushroom was first collected . It is commonly known by various names , including the Mt . Baker waxy cap , the brown almond waxy cap , and the tawny almond waxy cap . Description Young fruit bodies of H. bakerensis have rounded caps with cottony margins that are rolled inward as the mushrooms mature the caps flatten out and the margins may lift upward . The diameter of the cap reaches between 4 and 15 cm ( 1 . 6 and 5 . 9 in ) . The center of the cap is colored yellow brown , tawny or amber , reducing to nearly white at the margin . The cap surface is slimy when wet , and sticky as it gets older and dries out . Beneath the slime layer are hairs that are plastered tightly to the surface , which clump together a few at a time to form many little streaks . The firm white flesh of the cap is thick 1 cm ( 0 . 4 inches ) near the stem attachment and tapers evenly to the margin . It does not change color when cut or bruised . It has a mild taste and a characteristic fragrant odor that resembles almonds , or crushed peach pits . The waxy gills are decurrent or bluntly attached to the stem . The gill spacing is close to subdistant between 56 88 individual gills reach the stem , with 2 3 tiers of short lamellulae ( shorter gills that do not extend fully from the cap margin to the stem ) . The gills have even edges , and are narrow but become broad in large caps ( 8 12 mm ) , ranging in color from creamy white to pinkish buff . They do not discolor when they are bruised . Young specimens often have drops of a clear liquid beaded on the gills . The gills of dried specimens darken considerably . The stem is 7 to 14 cm ( 2 . 8 to 5 . 5 in ) long , 0 . 8 to 2 . 5 cm ( 0 . 3 to 1 . 0 in ) thick at the apex , solid ( i.e. , not hollow ) , and either equal in width throughout or narrowed downward . Its color is white to pale pinkish buff , with a dry surface . The top portion of young specimens have a cottony , fine whitish powder near the top , but this sloughs off as it matures . Like the gills , the top of the stem is often beaded with drops of translucent liquid in moist weather . The spores are ellipsoid , smooth , and measure 7 9 by 4 . 5 5 m . They are yellowish when stained with Melzer 's reagent . The basidia ( spore bearing cells in the hymenium ) are four spored , and measure 40 54 by 6 8 m . There are no cystidia on the gill faces or edges . The cap cuticle is an ixotrichoderm a layer of gelatinized tissue where the distal portion of the filamentous hyphae are different lengths and the hyphae themselves are arranged perpendicular to the surface this layer of gelatinous hyphae is between 100 and 250 m thick . Clamp connections are present in the hyphae of the cuticle and the gill tissue . Edibility The mushroom is edible , but considered low quality . Smith does not recommend the mushroom for consumption , noting I have been informed by a number of collectors that the species is edible , but many of them thought it was a Clitocybe or a Tricholoma . Similar species Hygrophorus unk is very similar in overall appearance , differing only in having a stem made slimy by a gelatinous partial veil . H. unk is another lookalike species , but has a farinaceous odor ( like raw potatoes ) and a bitter taste . H. unk is a European species found under oaks . The clay waxy cap ( H. unk ) is another lookalike European species there is a North American equivalent H. unk var. unk found at high elevations in the Sierra Nevada . Other North American species of Hygrophorus with an odor of almonds include H. agathosmus ( which has a gray cap ) , H. monticola ( larger spores ) , and H. vinicolor ( which has larger spores and an unpleasant taste ) . Collybia oregonensis has a similar coloration and odor , but has adnexed or notched and non waxy gills . Habitat and distribution Hygrophorus bakerensis is an ectomycorrhizal species , and forms a mutualistic relationship with compatible host plant by forming a sheath around their root tips . In this way , the fungus gains carbon and other essential organic substances from the tree and in return helps the trees take up water , mineral salts and metabolites . It can also fight off parasites and predators such as nematodes and soil pathogens . Associated tree species include Douglas fir . The fruit bodies of H. bakerensis grow scattered , clustered , or in groups on the forest floor under conifers . They are common at elevations of 1 , 000 to 4 , 000 ft ( 300 to 1 , 220 m ) throughout the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and the northern Rocky Mountains , and have been collected from California , Idaho , Washington , and Oregon . It has been found as far north as Hazelton , British Columbia east to Quebec , Canada . Fruit bodies typically appear from September to December , and they can be very common .
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3,425 | SMS Thetis was the fourth member of the ten ship Gazelle class , built by the Imperial German Navy . She was built by the Imperial Dockyard in Danzig , laid down in 1899 , launched in July 1900 , and commissioned into the High Seas Fleet in September 1901 . Armed with a main battery of ten 10 . 5 cm ( 4 . 1 in ) guns and two 45 cm ( 18 in ) torpedo tubes , Thetis was capable of a top speed of 21 . 5 knots ( 39 . 8 km h 24 . 7 mph ) . Thetis served in the reconnaissance forces of the High Seas Fleet during her peacetime career . After the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 , she was deployed as a coastal defense ship in the Baltic , where she saw heavy service against the Russians . She supported the German drive on Libau in April May 1915 , and was damaged by mines during the Battle of the Gulf of Riga . She was repeatedly attacked by Allied submarines , though she was never hit . In 1917 , Thetis was withdrawn from front line service for use as a gunnery training ship . She survived the war and continued on in service with the Reichsmarine through the 1920s . She was stricken from the naval register on 29 March 1929 and broken up for scrap the following year . Construction Thetis was ordered under the contract name C and was laid down at the Imperial Dockyard in Danzig in 1899 and launched on 3 July 1900 , after which fitting out work commenced . She was commissioned into the High Seas Fleet on 14 September 1901 . The ship was 105 . 1 meters ( 345 ft ) long overall and had a beam of 12 . 2 m ( 40 ft ) and a draft of 4 . 92 m ( 16 . 1 ft ) forward . She displaced 3 , 017 t ( 2 , 969 long tons 3 , 326 short tons ) at full combat load . Her propulsion system consisted of two triple expansion engines manufactured by AG Germania . They were designed to give 8 , 000 shaft horsepower ( 6 , 000 kW ) , for a top speed of 21 . 5 knots ( 39 . 8 km h 24 . 7 mph ) . The engines were powered by ten coal fired Marine type water tube boilers . Thetis carried 560 tonnes ( 550 long tons ) of coal , which gave her a range of 3 , 560 nautical miles ( 6 , 590 km 4 , 100 mi ) at 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . She had a crew of 14 officers and 243 enlisted men . The ship was armed with ten 10 . 5 cm SK L 40 guns in single mounts . Two were placed side by side forward on the forecastle , six were located amidships , three on either side , and two were placed side by side aft . The guns could engage targets out to 12 , 200 m ( 40 , 000 ft ) . They were supplied with 1 , 000 rounds of ammunition , for 100 shells per gun . She was also equipped with two 45 cm ( 17 . 7 in ) torpedo tubes with five torpedoes . They were submerged in the hull on the broadside . The ship was protected by an armored deck that was 20 to 25 mm ( 0 . 79 to 0 . 98 in ) thick . The conning tower had 80 mm ( 3 . 1 in ) thick sides , and the guns were protected by 50 mm ( 2 . 0 in ) thick shields . Service history After her commissioning , Thetis was assigned to the reconnaissance forces of the High Seas Fleet , a role she served in until the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 . She was thereafter reduced to a coastal defense ship . As the Central Powers prepared to launch the Gorlice Tarnw Offensive in early May 1915 , the extreme left flank of the German Army was ordered to launch a diversionary attack on 27 April . Thetis was assigned to the naval support for the attack on the first day of the attack , she and the cruiser Lbeck shelled the port of Libau . Ten days later , the Army was poised to seize Libau , and so requested naval support for the attack . Thetis and several other cruisers and torpedo boats covered the assault on the city and patrolled to ensure no Russian naval forces attempted to intervene . On 14 May 1915 , Thetis had taken the U boat U 4 under tow off Bogskr island in the Gulf of Finland . The Russian submarine Drakon attacked the two German vessels , launching three torpedoes at Thetis and a fourth at U 4 , all of which missed . From the recently captured naval base at Libau , the Germans began to make offensive operations further into the Baltic . On 3 June , Thetis , four torpedo boats , and a seaplane tender attempted to force the Irben Strait into the Gulf of Riga , where they intended to lay a minefield . Russian and British submarines intercepted the flotilla in the Strait , however . The Russian submarine Okun attempted to move into position to attack Thetis , but one of the torpedo boats spotted her periscope and forced it off . On 5 June , the British submarine HMS E9 arrived on the scene , while Thetis was resupplying from a collier . E9 launched a spread of torpedoes at the two ships the one fired at Thetis missed , but the collier was hit , as was the torpedo boat unk . The collier sank , but the torpedo boat survived and made it back to port . In August , Thetis was assigned to the fleet that was to break into the Gulf of Riga to support the German Army 's attempt to capture the city . On 8 August , the Germans made their first attempt to force the Irben Strait , during which Thetis and the torpedo boat SMS unk were damaged by mines . Thetis had to be towed back to Windau . The attack failed due to heavy Russian resistance , and the operation had to be postponed . In 1917 , Thetis was rearmed with nine newer 10 . 5 cm SK L 45 guns in U boat mountings in this configuration , Thetis was used as a gunnery training ship . She was one of six light cruisers Germany was permitted to retain by the Treaty of Versailles . She served in the newly reorganized Reichsmarine through the 1920s . In 1922 , the ship was assigned to the Reserve Squadron on the Baltic Station , along with the battleships Hessen and Schleswig Holstein and the cruiser Berlin . Thetis was stricken from the naval register on 27 March 1929 and sold to Blohm Voss , along with the torpedo boats V1 and V6 for a total of 351 , 000 Reichsmarks . She was broken up for scrap the following year in Hamburg .
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3,426 | thelhard ( also unk , unk , Aethelheard or unk died 12 May 805 ) was a Bishop of Winchester then an Archbishop of Canterbury in medieval England . Appointed by King Offa of Mercia , thelhard had difficulties with both the Kentish monarchs and with a rival archiepiscopate in southern England , and was deposed around 796 by King Eadberht III Prn of Kent . By 803 , thelhard , along with the Mercian King Coenwulf , had secured the demotion of the rival archbishopric , once more making Canterbury the only archbishopric south of the Humber in Britain . thelhard died in 805 , and was considered a saint until his cult was suppressed after the Norman Conquest in 1066 . Early life Nothing is known of thelhard 's family background or early life , however it is assumed that he was a native of Mercia . He first appears in the historical record as abbot of a monastery at Louth , Lincolnshire before being named to the diocese of Winchester . He was consecrated Bishop of Winchester sometime after 759 and before 778 . Canterbury thelhard was translated from the see of Winchester to the see of Canterbury in 792 and was enthroned as archbishop on 21 July 793 . thelhard owed his appointment to King Offa of Mercia , and the enthronement was presided over by the then senior bishop of the land Hygberht , the Archbishop of Lichfield . King Offa consulted Alcuin of York over proper procedure , as the archbishopric of Lichfield was a new creation . Around 796 , thelhard was deposed by King Eadberht III Prn of Kent because thelhard had been appointed by Offa . Offa had died in 796 , and Eadberht seized control of Kent , forcing thelhard to flee to the court of Offa 's son Ecgfrith of Mercia . Ecgfrith himself died before 796 , and a distant relative Coenwulf took the throne . Alcuin encouraged thelhard to return to Canterbury , and suggested a compromise over the status of Lichfield , which had been established by Offa in rivalry to Canterbury . Alcuin 's plan would have allowed Hygberht to retain archiepiscopal status during his lifetime , but it would be a purely ceremonial rank . In this proposal , Canterbury would regain its status as the only archbishopric south of the Humber and thelhard would return to Canterbury . However , thelhard was unable to do this while Eadberht was still in power . Alcuin had previously stated that Lichfield had been elevated because of a lust for power , presumably by Offa , and not through any consideration of the merits of the plan . Although Alcuin had scorn for thelhard for fleeing Canterbury , the papacy saw it differently . Pope Leo III praised thelhard for fleeing and refusing to submit to Eadberht , whom Leo compared to the later Roman emperor Julian the Apostate . There are indications , though , that the Kentish community considered electing another archbishop while thelhard was in exile . Troubles with Lichfield Because Lichfield had been established by the papacy , any change in its status required papal assent . Coenwulf 's first embassy to Leo III in 797 about demoting Lichfield did not succeed , mainly because Leo seems to have resented the implied criticism of his predecessor Hadrian I , who had approved the elevation of Lichfield . Coenwulf 's embassy bore a letter to the pope that asked for papal advice on how to resolve the problems surrounding Lichfield and Canterbury . The letter reminded the papacy of Pope Gregory the Great 's old scheme to have two metropolitans in Britain , one in the north and one in the south , with the southern one being based in London . The letter implied that Coenwulf was asking for thelhard 's metropolitan see to be moved to London . The same embassy carried a letter from thelhard also , which has not survived . The pope , however , did not agree with the embassy . The papal reply to Coenwulf stated that the southern archbishopric must remain at Canterbury , as well as excommunicated Eadberht and authorised his expulsion from Kent if he persisted in keeping thelhard from Canterbury . In 798 Coenwulf invaded Kent and captured Eadberht , whom he blinded and imprisoned . thelhard was restored to Canterbury , where he set about restoring the see 's possessions . He also managed to secure professions of obedience from a number of southern bishops , including Eadwulf of Lindsey and unk of unk . But , Hygberht was still being called archbishop in 799 . Because Pope Leo was involved in disputes in Rome during 799 and 800 , and was unable to spare attention for English affairs , no papal decisions could be made on the dispute . thelhard resolved to go to Rome and consult with the pope about the decline in power of the see of Canterbury . The archbishop went to Rome along with Bishop unk of Winchester , and carried two letters from Coenwulf to the pope . After some discussions , Leo sided with Canterbury and demoted Lichfield back down to a bishopric . Besides these papal actions , there are indications that the cathedral clergy of Canterbury never recognised the elevation of Lichfield . Return from exile thelhard returned to England in 803 , and convened the Council of Clovesho , which decreed that no archiepiscopal see besides Canterbury should ever been established in the southern part of Britain . Hygberht attended the council , but as an abbot , which makes it apparent that he had resigned his see before the council met . At that same council , thelhard also presented a papal decision that asserted the freedom of churches from secular authority . While at the council , thelhard once more proclaimed that the papacy had been deceived into elevating Lichfield , and that it was a unk power that had been behind the effort . thelhard presided over at least eleven synods , and possibly one more . thelhard died on 12 May 805 and was buried in Canterbury . He was later revered as a saint , with a feast day of 12 May , but his cult was suppressed by Archbishop Lanfranc in the late 11th century and never was revived .
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3,427 | The Silba class ( sometimes the Cetina class ) is a class of three landing ships , also used as minelayers , built for the Yugoslav ( JRM ) and Croatian Navy ( HRM ) during the 1980s and 1990s . The ships were built at the Brodogradilite specijalnih objekata shipyard in Split with slight differences in armament configuration between the last two ships . By the time the Croatian War of Independence started , one ship was in service with the JRM while another was being completed . The one in JRM service was relocated to Montenegro where it would be commissioned with the Navy of the new FR Yugoslavia . The second ship that was captured unfinished was completed by Croatian forces and entered service with the HRM , followed by a third that was laid down by Croatia in 1993 . The two ships commissioned with the HRM remain in active service , providing assistance to civilian institutions aside from their regular military tasks . The fate of the first ship in the class remains unknown . Development and building The Silba class was developed by the Brodarski institut ( BI ) from Zagreb as a replacement for a large number of aging barge like landing craft based on German World War II designs ( unk and Siebel ) . All three ships were completed at the Brodogradilite specijalnih objekata ( BSO ) in Split , Croatia . The first one , Krk ( DBM 241 ) , was commissioned with the JRM sometime between 1986 and 1990 . The keel for the second ship that was to be named Rab ( DBM 242 ) was laid down in 1990 . As the Croatian War of Independence started , unfinished Rab was captured by Croatian forces . It was completed and launched as Cetina ( DBM 81 ) on 18 July 1992 . A third and final ship was launched on 17 September 1994 as Krka ( DBM 82 ) . Description These ferry like ships feature a roll on roll off design with two loading ramps located on the bow and the stern . Measuring 49 . 69 m ( 163 ft 0 in ) in length , they have a 10 . 2 m ( 33 ft 6 in ) beam with a 2 . 6 m ( 8 ft 6 in ) draft . Propulsion consists of two 1 , 140 kW ( 1 , 530 hp ) Burmeister Wain Alpha Diesel unk unk VO engines mounted on two shafts , enabling them a maximum speed of 12 . 5 knots ( 23 . 2 km h 14 . 4 mph ) and a cruising speed of 12 knots ( 22 km h 14 mph ) . Traveling at their cruise speed they have a range of 1 , 200 1 , 400 nautical miles ( 2 , 200 2 , 600 km 1 , 400 1 , 600 mi ) with a 12 day endurance . The ships are manned by a crew of 32 . The Armament configuration differs between the first two ships and the last one DBM 241 and DBM 81 are armed with two AK 230 CIWS mounted on the sides , a single quadruple 20 mm ( 0 . 79 in ) M 75 gun on the stern and a single quadruple MTU 4 unk Strela 2M ( SA 7b Grail ) anti aircraft missile launcher . The interior , which features two mine rails , can be used to carry up to 152 different naval mines , six medium tanks or 300 troops with equipment , a total cargo capacity of 460 t ( 450 long tons ) . DBM 82 was completed with a different gun armament in place of the AK 230 , DBM 82 has two 20 mm M 71 guns on the sides and a single Bofors unk 40 mm ( 1 . 6 in ) gun on the bow . The ship was also completed as an auxiliary water carrier with a capacity of around 230 t ( 230 long tons ) of fresh water . The number of mines that DBM 82 can carry is a maximum of 114 . Ships Service history At the start of the Croatian War of Independence DBM 241 was relocated to Montenegro where it later entered service with the SR Yugoslav Navy . DBM 242 , now redesignated as DBM 81 was launched as Cetina and entered service with the Croatian Navy 19 February 1992 with Ivo unk in command . For the remainder of the war , Cetina was engaged in transporting troops and equipment along the coast , including supply runs for Croatian forces during Operation Maslenica in 1993 . The same year the ship participated in testing of the new MNS M90 naval mine . DBM 82 , the third and final ship of the class , was commissioned with the Croatian Navy on 9 March 1995 with Jerko unk in command . According to publications and news reports , DBM 241 was reported operational as late as 2005 . An article published in October 2012 reported that the Egyptian Navy bought DBM 241 a year earlier . Although the advance was paid , the official handover of the ship has not happened by the time the article was published . As of March 2014 , the official website of the Armed Forces of Montenegro does not list DBM 241 among its fleet and the ships status remains unknown . The two Silba class in Croatian hands continue to see service the Navy Flotilla performing traditional naval tasks as well as support missions for civilian institutions such water supply and transporting firefighters . In July 2006 Krka was damaged during an overhaul at the ibenik Shipyard . While being lowered to the sea , the winch of the unk pulled out of the concrete causing the ship to fall down , creating a hole in the hull and sinking the stern . Early reports of significant damage proved to be false and the ship was repaired soon after . Out of ten crew members that were on board at the time , only one sustained minor injuries . In 2015 , Krka and Cetina were tasked with transporting Croatian Army vehicles and personnel to Spain for the NATO Trident Juncture exercise . The ships departed the Lora Naval Base on 11 October 2015 , loaded with four Patria unk , two trucks , one motor vehicle and 14 soldiers scheduled to take part in the exercise . On 13 October they arrived in Catania where they rendezvoused with Andrija unk deployed in support of Operation Triton . The two ships made another stop at Cagliari before continuing to Spain , arriving in unk on 18 October after spending seven days at sea . The ships returned to the Lora Naval Base on 13 November , concluding their month long deployment during which they traversed a total of 2 , 700 nautical miles ( 5 , 000 kilometres 3 , 100 miles ) .
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3,428 | Route 44 is a state highway located in Gloucester County in the U.S. state of New Jersey . It runs 10 . 28 mi ( 16 . 54 km ) from Barker Avenue in Bridgeport to a cul de sac at a ramp from southbound Interstate 295 ( I 295 ) and U.S. Route 130 ( US 130 ) in Thorofare . The route , which is mostly a two lane undivided road , passes through the communities of unk and Paulsboro in the northern part of the county , a short distance south of the Delaware River . Route 44 generally runs a short distance to the north of I 295 US 130 for much of its length . In 1923 , Route 17S was legislated along the current route followed by Route 44 today , running between Penns Grove and Westville . The only portion of Route 17S ever built ran from Penns Grove to Salem . Route 44 was designated in 1927 to replace Route 17S between Penns Grove and Westville . By the 1940s , Route 44 was extended south to Salem and US 130 was designated concurrent with the route north of Penns Grove . Several spurs of Route 44 had existed or were planned prior to 1953 , including Route S44 , which ran concurrent with US 322 to the ferry between Bridgeport and Chester , Pennsylvania Route unk , a never built bypass of Camden and Route unk , which was to run from a tunnel under the Delaware River in Paulsboro east to Route 42 . In 1953 , Route 44 was replaced by US 130 north of Deepwater and by Route 49 south of there . After two bypasses were built for US 130 around Carneys Point and between Bridgeport and Westville , Route 44 was redesignated along the former US 130 . After I 295 was completed in the 1960s , US 130 returned to its original alignment in Carneys Point and replaced that portion of Route 44 . Route description Route 44 begins at an intersection with Barker Avenue and Main Street in Logan Township , heading to the east on Crown Point Road , a two lane undivided road . Shortly after beginning , the route heads through wooded areas a short distance to the north of Conrail 's Penns Grove Secondary and intersects County Route ( CR ) 671 . The road turns northeast and comes to an interchange with US 130 and continues closely parallel to the railroad line as it passes through more rural areas with some homes , coming to a junction with CR 684 . Route 44 enters Greenwich Township upon crossing the marshy unk Creek and becomes a local road called West Broad Street . The route passes over the railroad tracks and continues east into residential and commercial areas of unk , intersecting CR 607 CR 673 and CR 680 within the town . At the intersection with CR 653 , Route 44 enters Paulsboro and passes more developed areas , soon meeting CR 678 . The route intersects CR 667 in the center of Paulsboro before crossing the Mantua Creek on a lift bridge and entering wetlands within West Deptford Township . Here , the road heads into a mix of rural lands and development , crossing CR 656 and the Little Mantua Creek . Route 44 intersects the Mid Atlantic Parkway , which provides access to I 295 and US 130 a short distance to the south , before continuing into inhabited areas . Here , the road crosses the Conrail line and CR 643 . The route becomes a four lane road and has access ramps to and from southbound I 295 US 130 prior to coming to a crossroads with CR 640 in Thorofare . Past CR 640 , the route closely parallels I 295 US 130 and crosses Woodbury Creek . Route 44 passes a mobile home park before coming to an end at cul de sac that has an access ramp to southbound Route 44 from southbound I 295 US 130 . History What is now Route 44 was originally legislated as Route 17S in 1923 , a route that was to run from Penns Grove to Westville . By 1927 , however , the only portion of Route 17S that had existed was a road that ran from Penns Grove south to Salem . In the 1927 New Jersey state highway renumbering that occurred that year , Route 44 was designated to run from Penns Grove to Westville , replacing what had been legislated as Route 17S . By the end of the 1930s , Route 44 was extended south from Penns Grove to Salem and US 130 was also designated along with Route 44 north of Penns Grove by 1941 . Prior to 1953 , several spurs of Route 44 existed or were planned . Route S44 was designated in 1939 as a connection from Route 44 in Bridgeport to the ferry across the Delaware River to Chester , Pennsylvania , and was concurrent with US 322 . The S44 designation was removed in 1953 to avoid the concurrency with US 322 . In 1974 , the Commodore Barry Bridge was built , bypassing the ferry , and the old alignment of US 322 became Route 324 . Route unk was planned in 1938 as an eastern bypass of Camden from Route 45 in Brooklawn to Route 40 ( now Route 70 ) and Route 41 in Delaware Township ( now Cherry Hill ) , mostly along what is now CR 551 . The bypass was never built , although part of what would have been the bypass north of Haddonfield is now Route 41 . Route unk was planned in 1938 as an approach to a never built tunnel under the Delaware River near Paulsboro . Originally , the route was to run from the tunnel east to the intersection of Route 41 and Route 47 in Deptford Township . In 1939 , the planned route was extended east to Route 42 between Blackwood and Williamstown . In the 1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering , Route 44 was replaced by US 130 north of the Delaware Memorial Bridge approach in Deepwater and by Route 49 south of there . However , US 130 was moved to new freeway alignments around Carneys Point and between Bridgeport and Westville . The bypassed alignments of US 130 , originally unnumbered , eventually became Route 44 . After I 295 was built in the 1960s , it bypassed the portion of the US 130 freeway in Bridgeport and was designated along the US 130 freeway north to Westville and around Carneys Point . US 130 was moved back onto its old alignment in Carneys Point , replacing that portion of Route 44 . Major intersections The entire route is in Gloucester County .
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3,429 | Bachata 1 's , Vol . 3 is a compilation album released by Machete Music on March 30 , 2010 . The album includes tracks recorded by several artists from the bachata genre , such as Aventura , Hctor Acosta , Xtreme , Ivy Queen , Grupo Rush , Andy Andy , Carlos Alejandra , and Marcy Place . It also features select bachata versions of songs by reggaetn and Latin pop artists including R.K.M Ken Y , Alejandro Fernndez , Luis Fonsi , and Cristian Castro . Upon release , the album peaked at number forty one on the Billboard Latin Albums chart and number four on the Billboard Tropical Albums chart . It became the twentieth best selling Tropical Album of 2010 . Several songs included on the album were released as singles from their respective parent albums including the opening El Perdedor by Aventura , No Me Doy Por Vencido by Luis Fonsi , and Dime by Ivy Queen . The fourth volume in the Bachata 1 's series was released in 2011 . Background and repertoire The Bachata 1 's series are several compilation albums of various artists centered on the genre of bachata . The first two in the series were released in 2008 and 2009 , respectively . Bachata 1 's , Vol . 3 was released by Machete Music digitally and physically on March 30 , 2010 in the United States . El Perdedor , written by Anthony Romeo Santos and performed by Aventura , was released as the third and final single from the group 's second live album , unk Live ( 2006 ) . The song peaked at number five on the Billboard Latin Songs chart , topping both the Billboard Tropical Songs and Billboard Latin Rhythm Songs charts . The bachata infused R B number has been named one of their biggest hits along with Los unk , Un Beso , and Mi unk among others . The second track , Se Me Va La Voz by Mexican singer Alejandro Fernndez was released as the lead single from his fourteenth studio album Dos unk Evolucin ( 2009 ) . It was named the highlight of the album by Jason Birchmeier of Allmusic . It topped the Billboard Latin Songs , Billboard Latin Pop Songs , and Billboard Tropical Songs charts . The bachata version , which is included on this release , features Hctor Acosta El unk . No Me Doy Por Vencido is originally from Puerto Rican singer Luis Fonsi 's seventh studio album Palabras Del unk ( 2008 ) , which includes unexpected musical styles including the ranchera accents that can be found on No Me Doy Por Vencido and its breathtaking chorus . It topped the Billboard Latin Songs , Tropical Songs , and Latin Pop Songs charts . Xtreme performs unk y unk from their second studio album Chapter Dos ( 2008 ) . It , along with the album , takes influence of contemporary hip hop and R B. Dime was written by Puerto Rican singer Ivy Queen along with the producers Monserrate DJ Urba . It was serviced to radio as the lead single from Queen 's first live album , Ivy Queen 2008 World Tour LIVE ( 2008 ) in both bachaton and bachata versions . It peaked at number eight on the Billboard Latin Songs chart , number four on the Billboard Tropical Songs chart , and number one on the Billboard Latin Rhythm Songs chart . It spent seven consecutive weeks atop the chart . Hctor Acosta 's Sin Perdon originates from his second studio album unk unk ( 2008 ) . It reached twenty six on the Billboard Latin Songs chart , however topped the Billboard Tropical Songs chart . Jasmine is performed Dominican bachata group Grupo Rush 's , which is composed of Damian , unk , Lenny , and Khriz . It is a single from their debut album We On Fire ( 2009 ) . The song became a top ten hit on the Billboard Tropical Songs chart . Dominican Bachata singer Andy Andy performs Agua unk which is from his seventh studio album Placer y unk ( 2009 ) . It reached number eleven on the Billboard Tropical Songs chart . Puerto Rican reggaetn duo R.K.M Ken Y recorded unk Del Pecado in bachata in collaboration with Hctor Acosta , who makes his third appearance on this release . It was previously featured on the duo 's second studio effort , The Royalty La unk ( 2008 ) . Carlos Alejandra 's unk Duele appears on their debut album La unk ( 2009 ) and the tenth track on this release . It reached number six on the Billboard Tropical Songs chart . El unk Soy Yo by Cristian Castro is from the album of the same name . It reached the top ten of both the Billboard Latin Songs and Tropical Songs chart . Dame Un Chance ( Nena ) is performed by urban bachata group Marcy Place from their debut album B From Marcy Place ( 2008 ) . It peaked at number twenty three on the Billboard Tropical Songs chart . Reception and commercial performance Upon release , the album debuted at number forty five on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart for the week of April 17 , 2010 . Sales increased slightly and the album rose two positions to number forty one for the week of April 24 , 2010 It spent an additional week at that position before falling to number fifty six , two weeks later on the issue date May 15 , 2010 . In its sixth week , the album again fell to number seventy . The recording ended its reign on the chart a week later at number seventy four for the issue dated May 29 , 2010 . On the Billboard Tropical Albums chart , the album debuted at number five behind Aventura 's The Last , El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico 's Sin Salsa No Hay Paraiso , Prince Royce 's debut studio album and unk by Luis Enrique for the week of April 17 , 2010 . In its second week , it rose to number four replacing unk . It remained at the number four spot for four weeks . It spent nine weeks within the top ten of the chart . Bachata 1 's , Vol . 3 became the twentieth best selling Tropical Album of 2010 . Five of the songs included on this release are number one singles , these include El Perdedor , Se Me Va La Voz , No Me Doy Por Vencido , Dime , and Sin Perdon . Track listing Track listing adapted from the album liner notes . Charts Release history
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3,430 | The Battle of Millstone , also known as the Battle of Van Nest 's Mill , was a skirmish that occurred near the mill of Abraham Van Nest in Weston , New Jersey ( near present day Manville , New Jersey ) on January 20 , 1777 , during the American Revolutionary War . A British foraging party was flanked and driven off by forces composed mostly of New Jersey militia , depriving the British of their wagons and supplies . This action was one of a series of skirmishes known as the Forage War that persisted in northern New Jersey through the first few months of 1777 , and it demonstrated that militia companies were capable of putting up a significant fight . Background After George Washington 's successful movements around the army of Charles Cornwallis that culminated in the Battle of Princeton on January 3 , 1777 , Washington faced the dilemma of being caught between Cornwallis in Trenton , New Jersey and the rest of the British Army at New Brunswick , New Jersey . Rather than make an attempt on the British outpost at New Brunswick with his exhausted troops , Washington moved his army up the Millstone River valley toward Morristown , New Jersey , a place he knew could be strongly fortified and used as winter quarters . Cornwallis and the remaining British and Hessian troops in and around Trenton and Princeton withdrew to New Brunswick to regroup after the battle at Princeton . On January 13 , a significant portion of the British army advanced from New Brunswick west to Somerset Court House ( present day Millstone , New Jersey ) , and remained there for about a week before retreating back to New Brunswick , destroying houses and plundering supplies . During this time , militia companies mustered to assist the Continental Army . These movements established the area west of New Brunswick up to the Millstone and Raritan rivers as a no man 's land between the two forces . Following the British retreat , Somerset Court House became one of several outposts garrisoned by Patriot militia companies , with support from the Continental Army . Battle A British foraging party of 500 men , led by Lieutenant Colonel Robert Abercromby of the 37th Foot , left New Brunswick on January 20 , and headed west toward the Millstone River . They crossed over the river ( it is unclear exactly which bridge they used ) , leaving a rear guard of Hessians with some field artillery to cover the bridge , and eventually reached Van Nest 's mill at Weston , New Jersey ( near present day Manville , New Jersey ) , a few miles north of Somerset Court House , and near the point where the Millstone empties into the Raritan . There they seized supplies of all varieties , and prepared to return to New Brunswick . Militia companies to the north were alerted to the British movement early in the day , and some marched for Bound Brook , New Jersey . When reports arrived of the activity at Van Nest 's mill , they marched for that place . In all about 400 New Jersey militia and 50 Pennsylvania militia formed under Brigadier General Philemon Dickinson to dispute the British action . While detailed accounts of their movements are sketchy , Dickinson apparently divided his forces , sending one force to meet the front of the British wagon train , while a second moved to flank them . Both of these forces forded one of the rivers , wading in icy water that was waist deep . One successfully surprised the British wagon train in the lane near the mill , before it reached the main road and the bridge toward New Brunswick their fire struck horses from the first wagon . This stopped the train , scattered the wagon drivers and drove the British to retreat precipitously toward the bridge , leaving their booty behind . When the militiamen reached the bridge , the Hessian rear guard fired grape shot from its artillery to cover the retreat . After an exchange of fire across the river without apparent consequence , the British withdrew . Aftermath Dickinson wrote in a letter to Colonel John Nielson on January 23 , I have the pleasure to inform you that on Monday last with about 450 men chiefly our militia I attacked a foraging party near V. Nest Mills consisting of 500 men with 2 field pieces , which we routed after an engagement of 20 minutes and brought off 107 horses , 49 wagons , 115 cattle , 70 sheep , 40 barrels of flour 106 bags and many other things , 49 prisoners . General Washington , who was not always happy with the performance of the militias , wrote , Genl Dickinsons behaviour reflects the highest honour upon him , for tho ' his Troops were all raw , he lead them thro ' the River , middle deep , and gave the Enemy so severe a charge , that , unk ' supported by three field pieces , they gave way and left their Convoy , and only reported the taking of nine prisoners . Archibald Robertson , a British officer who was not part of the expedition , reported that Lieutenant Colonel Abercromby with 500 men went on a foraging party towards Hillsborough . Part of this Corps was attacked by the Rebels , which occasion 'd such disorder Amongst the Waggon Drivers that 42 unk were left behind . One British witness was absolutely certain the attackers were not militia , they were sure that no militia would fight in that way . Casualty figures were extremely variable , but British casualties ( killed , wounded , or captured ) appear to have been in the low 30s according to press accounts ( contrary to Dickinson 's claim of 49 prisoners taken ) , while militia casualties were relatively small in number . Skirmishing continued between American and British forces throughout the winter in a period that historian David Hackett Fischer dubbed the Forage War , since it revolved around the British need for forage for its horses . The American tactics , primarily driven by New Jersey militia commanders but supported by Washington and the Continentals , were so successful that even British foraging parties of 2 , 000 men came under attack .
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3,431 | The National Debt Clock is a billboard sized running total display which constantly updates to show the current United States gross national debt and each American family 's share of the debt . It is currently installed on Sixth Avenue in Manhattan , New York City . It was the first debt clock installed . The idea for the clock came from New York real estate developer Seymour Durst , who wanted to highlight the rising national debt . In 1989 , he sponsored the installation of the first clock , which was originally placed on Sixth Avenue between 42nd Street and 43rd Street one block away from Times Square . At the time , the national debt remained under 3 trillion but was rising . The clock was temporarily switched off from 2000 to 2002 due to the debt actually falling during that period . In 2004 , the original clock was dismantled and replaced by the current clock at the new location one block away . In 2008 , the U.S. national debt exceeded 10 trillion for the first time , leading to press reports that the clock had run out of digits . The original clock outlived Seymour , who died in 1995 , with Seymour 's son Douglas taking over responsibility for the clock through the Durst Organization . As of September 2009 , Douglas Durst 's cousin Jonathan Jody Durst , with whom he currently shares a co presidency of the company , is in the process of taking over the day to day operations as president . In an interview with The New York Times , Jonathan Durst has said that maintenance of the clock is planned for years to come . History Invented and sponsored by New York real estate developer Seymour Durst , the National Debt Clock was installed in 1989 . After Seymour 's death in 1995 , his son Douglas Durst became president of the Durst Organization , which owns and maintains the clock . Douglas Durst has stated that the clock represents a non partisan effort and explained the motivation behind the project in terms of intergenerational equity We 're a family business . We think generationally , and we don 't want to see the next generation crippled by this burden . According to Douglas , his father had been toying with the basic idea of drawing attention to the growing national debt since at least 1980 , when during the holiday season he sent cards that said Happy New Year . Your share of the national debt is 35 , 000 to senators and congressmen . In the early eighties , when Seymour first developed the idea of a constantly updated clock , the technology required to implement the project was not yet available . First clock With the national debt at US 2 . 7 trillion dollars , the original 11 by 26 feet ( 3 . 4 m 7 . 9 m ) clock was constructed in 1989 at a cost of US 100 , 000 . It was mounted a block from Times Square , on a Durst building at Sixth Avenue near 42nd Street , facing the north side of 42nd Street and Bryant Park across the intersection . Built by the New York sign company Artkraft Strauss , the clock featured a dot based segment display emulating the then typical character resolution of unk . Similar to the second clock , the updating mechanism was such that the display was set to the estimated speed of debt growth ( odometer style ) and adjusted weekly according to the latest numbers published by the United States Treasury . Up until the week before his death , Seymour Durst himself adjusted the tally via modem . Since his passing , Artkraft Strauss has been keeping the figures current . In 2000 , due to an improving debt situation , the clock started to run backward . With the original purpose of the clock being to highlight the rising debt and the reverse giving a mixed message , and with the display not being designed to properly run backward , the clock was unplugged and covered with a red , white and blue curtain in September 2000 , with the national debt standing at roughly 5 . 7 trillion dollars . The clock was not dismantled , however , and in July 2002 the curtain was raised and the clock once again picked up tracking a rising debt , starting at 6 . 1 trillion dollars . Second clock In 2004 , the original clock was moved from its location near 42nd Street the building has since made way for One Bryant Park . An updated model , which can run backward , was installed one block away on a Durst building at 1133 Avenue of the Americas ( more commonly known as 1133 Sixth Avenue ) . It is mounted on the side wall of the building which faces W. 44th Street . The new clock is outfitted with a brighter seven segment display with multiple LEDs per segment , allowing the numbers to be read more easily . In the midst of extensive media attention during the financial crisis beginning in 2007 , some news reports mentioned the National Debt Clock , highlighting the fact that its display had run out of digits when the U.S. gross federal debt rose above US 10 trillion on September 30 , 2008 . An overhaul or complete replacement adding two more digits to the clock 's display is currently being planned . Similar projects The idea of conveying a message through a periodically updated clock found an earlier expression in the Doomsday Clock . However , the innovation of the National Debt Clock was to feature a constantly running counter it has since inspired similar projects elsewhere , both in the United States and further afield . Various tracking counters of national debt are also kept online . The National Debt Clock has also been credited as the inspiration behind other running unk , for example an AMD campaign employing an electronic billboard instead of a debt , it tracked the supposed additional cost of using a rival chip . Two displays related to the national debt were shown during the 2012 Republican National Convention . One of the displays showed a ticking number similar to The National Debt Clock . The second display showed a number estimating the amount the national debt had increased since the start of the convention .
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3,432 | Complicated is a song by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna from her fifth studio album Loud ( 2010 ) . It was written and produced by Tricky Stewart and Ester Dean . Complicated is a dance pop , hip hop and trance music song , which also displays elements of pop , dance pop and R B. It contains lyrical content explaining how two people in a relationship can find one another complicated at times . The song was acclaimed by critics , as the majority of reviewers concluded that it was one of the best tracks to be included on Loud . Reviewers also praised Rihanna 's vocal performance in the song . Upon the release of the album in November 2010 , the song charted at number 50 on the South Korea Gaon International Chart . Background and inspiration Complicated was written and produced by Tricky Stewart and Ester Dean , for Rihanna 's fifth studio album , Loud . The song was recorded in 2010 at Westlake Recording Studios , and Larrabee Sound Studios , both located in Los Angeles , California . In an interview with Sway Calloway for MTV , Rihanna explained the meaning behind Complicated and how it is applicable for both men and women , saying Complicated is not a sex thing . It 's not like only women can sing this song or only women can relate to this song , ' cause it 's an individual thing and sometimes , sometimes sic men are just too complicated and then again , men can find women complicated . But it all depends on the individual , because not all women think love is complicated and not all men think that , but there are some women and some men who strongly believe that love is just too complicated . Women , they 're the first to say , ' It 's your fault , ' but most of the time it is the man 's fault . But men are also great at turning that shit around on us and making us believe that we 're wrong for something that we didn 't even do . At the end of the day , love is fucking complicated . Composition Complicated is dance pop , hip hop and trance song , which lasts for 4 17 ( four minutes , 17 seconds ) . It also displays elements of pop , dance pop and R B. Emily Mackay of NME described the song as a clean , sharp unk number , backed by a dark and shuffling hip hop beat . According to the digital sheet music published by EMI , Complicated is written in the key of A minor and is set in common time with a moderate electro ballad groove . The instrumentation of Complicated consists of synth beats and crackling outbursts of percussion and drums . It also makes use of piano keys and guitar strings . Rihanna 's vocal range in the song spans from the lower note of G3 to the higher note of C5 . Mackay noted that the singer adopts a melancholic pop vocal for the duration of the song . Chad Grischow of IGN stated that Rihanna appears to be screaming the vocals during the hook , citing the key of the jittery dance beat as the reason for oversinging . However , Grischow commented that the singer sounds more pleasant to listen to during the verses , writing The song actually sounds great when the light , plucky verses are quietly building to the hook , allowing her to sing rather than shout . Rihanna sings about the complications of a relationship , as well as how the protagonist can experience mood swings , whereby his or her feelings frequently change toward their lover . Critical reception Complicated garnered critical acclaim from music critics . Colin Gentry of 4Music named the song the highlight of the album , continuing to write that Rihanna pours her heart out to the listener as she sings about the intensity of her despair . Jon Parales of The New York Times described Complicated as being one of the more emotional songs on Loud . Emily Mackay of NME noted that the lyrics Why do you make it so hard to love you I hate it were reminiscent of songs by English pop girl group , Sugababes . Steve Jones of USA Today observed that Rihanna 's opinions of men are not just present on Complicated , but rather that it is a recurring theme on Loud , writing On more than one occasion , she makes it clear that she likes her men complicated and that they can expect her to be the same . Jones also listed it as one of his top songs to download from the album . Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly commented that the spiraling dance floor siren persona Rihanna adopted on the lead single from Loud , Only Girl ( In the World ) , was carried through onto Complicated . Greenblatt continued to praise Rihanna 's vocal performance , writing Even while telling a recalcitrant man how hard he is to love , she sounds almost buoyant , her newly expanded vocals eager to scale the song 's high altitude house beat . Nima Baniamer of Contactmusic.com praised Rihanna 's vocal performance and liked it to single track from Loud , California King Bed , writing Taking a seat back from the thumping club classics , tracks like California King Bed and Complicated are both emotional singles that reveal Rihanna 's surprisingly brilliant vocals . Baniamer also expressed that it would be a travesty if the song was not chosen as a single from the album . Genevieve Koski of The A.V. Club was complimentary of the song , as well as single track What 's My Name , writing Her bubbly patois and soaring unk elevate the generic R B and Euro dance flavors of ' What 's My Name ' and ' Complicated , ' respectively . However , Bill Lamb of About.com was critical of the song , labeling it as cluttered and the album 's low point . Credits and personnel Recording Recorded at Westlake Recording Studios , Los Angeles , California and Larrabee Sound Studios , Los Angeles , California . Personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of Loud , Def Jam Recordings , SRP Records . Charts Upon the release of Loud , Complicated debuted and peaked at number 50 on the South Korea Gaon International Chart for the issue dated November 14 , 2010 .
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3,433 | I Am is a song by British singer and songwriter Leona Lewis from her fifth studio album , I Am ( 2015 ) . The song was written by Lewis , Toby Gad and Eg White , with Gad and White producing it . Lyrically , I Am is about the feelings and emotions experienced by Lewis following her departure from her former record label Syco and its boss , Simon Cowell . It is a dance influenced track which makes use of strings , piano and drums as part of its instrumentation . Its composition garnered comparisons to singers Avril Lavigne and Massive Attack . Island released I Am on 17 July 2015 as the lead single for the United Kingdom , but it is the second single to be released from the album overall . Remixes by Fastlane and DEVolution were also released . The track garnered a positive response from music critics , many of whom praised Lewis ' strong and emotive vocal performance and described it as a standout on the album . Lewis has performed the song live on The National Lottery In It to Win It and at the BBC 's Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park festival . Background and composition I Am was written by Leona Lewis , Toby Gad and Eg White , with Gad and White producing the track , for Lewis 's fifth studio album of the same name ( 2015 ) . It was published by ASCAP and Atlas Music publishings ( on behalf of itself and Gadfly Songs ( ASCAP ) and Kobalt Music Group Ltd . White performed much of the song 's instrumentation , and is credited with playing the piano , drums , bass and bells , as well as the string and drum programming . The strings were recorded by White and Kristian Larsen in Studio A at unk Studios , and were arranged by White , transcribed by Clarissa Farran , and contracted by Hilary unk . The violins were played by unk Johnston , unk Sato , Max Baillie , Bea Lovejoy , Warren unk , Janice Graham , Helen Paterson and Hannah Dawson . Meghan Cassidy and James Boyd played the viola , while David Cohen and Ben Chappell played the cello . I Am was mixed by Wez Clarke , with additional mixing carried out by Gad at Kite Music Studios in Los Angeles . The track 's audio was mastered by Tom Coyne at Sterling Sound studios in New York City , with assistance from Randy Merrill . Lewis provided all of the vocals for the track . For the acoustic version of I Am , Gad undertook all of the instrumentation and also performed the mixing . I Am is a dance influenced song . Some critics believe the lyrics allude to Lewis ' emotions and feelings following her departure from Syco Records and Simon Cowell , her former label boss and friend . Digital Spy writer Lewis Corner felt that the title track had very few barriers , exemplified by the lyrics I am , with or without you I am , breathing without you I am , somebody without you . Lewis performs the lyrics over an instrumentation of rousing strings and breakbeats . As she sings I won 't change for you , a heavy drum beat and occasional piano chimes reminiscent of songs by Avril Lavigne are played . Release and remixes On 30 June 2015 , Lewis released a three minute teaser video with snippets of I Am , Ladders , Power and Thunder . I Am was released as the second single from the album and lead single for the United Kingdom it was not promoted in the United States due to the decision to release the album 's third overall single Thunder as its lead single instead . The full length version of I Am premiered on BBC Radio 2 on 17 July 2015 . The same day , the track was made available as an automatic download for anyone who had previously pre ordered the album . A two track remix EP with dance remixes by Fastlane and DEVolution was also made available as a digital download on 17 July in the United Kingdom , Australia , France , Germany , Ireland , and New Zealand . I Am was added to BBC Radio 2 's B list playlist on 15 August . Critical reception Kathy Iandoli of Idolator highlighted I Am as a gorgeous standout example of Lewis ' ability to just sing a song as opposed to using auto tune on Power and over singing on I Got You . Lewis Corner of Digital Spy felt that the track put Simon Cowell in his place in a way Louis Walsh could only dream of . Brad O unk for Popjustice likened the song to Massive Attack 's 1991 song Unfinished Sympathy with a different song on top , while Official Charts Company writer Rob Copsey described it as gutsy and uplifting . However , Michael Clemons of The Daily Reveille thought that while it was not a stand out track , it was a good listen . Chuck Campbell of Knoxville News Sentinel thought that the track 's lyrical theme , and the album 's theme as a whole , was flawed as a concept , writing The problem with repeatedly declaring you don t need the approval of someone who has wronged you is that your message is false . Clearly if Lewis indulges in six straight bitter songs about defiantly rebounding from a bad relationship ( which she does on I Am ) , she obviously craves validation from the very person ( or people ) who did her dirty . Live performance Lewis performed I Am for the first time during a live showcase at the Hospital Club in London on 14 April 2015 . The singer premiered four other tracks from I Am including Ladders , I Got You , Thank You and Fire Under My Feet . Stefan Kyriazis of the Daily Star described I Am and Ladders as instant crowd pleasers . Lewis later performed the track live on The National Lottery In It to Win It on 12 September 2015 , and again the following day at the BBC 's Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park festival . The set list also included performances of Better in Time , Bleeding Love , Run , Fire Under My Feet and I Got You . I Am is included as the opening song on her 2016 concert tour of the same name . Track listings I Am ( Album version ) 3 42 I Am ( Acoustic album version ) 3 26 I Am ( Fastlane remix ) 4 44 I Am ( DEVolution remix ) 4 51 Release history
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3,434 | Old Money is the seventeenth episode of The Simpsons ' second season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 28 , 1991 . In the episode , Grampa 's wealthy girlfriend at the Retirement Castle passes away and leaves him with 106 , 000 . He heads for a casino to spend the money , but is stopped by Homer , so he decides to spend the inheritance money on renovating the retirement home instead . The episode was written by Jay Kogen and Wallace Wolodarsky and directed by David Silverman . Audrey Meadows guest starred in it as Beatrice Bea Simmons , Grampa 's new girlfriend . Professor Frink also makes his debut in the episode . It features cultural references to films such as Tom Jones and If I Had a Million , and the Star Wars and Batman film franchises . Since airing , the episode has received mixed reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 12 . 3 , and was the highest rated show on the Fox network the week it aired . Plot After another Sunday with the Simpsons , Grampa meets Beatrice Bea Simmons , a resident at the Springfield Retirement Castle . They go on a date and fall in love . When Bea 's birthday arrives on a Sunday , Homer makes Grampa come on a family outing . The outing causes Grampa to miss Bea 's birthday . Grampa returns home expecting to see Bea . However , Jasper tells Grampa that Bea died of a burst ventricle while Grampa was out with the family . Left deeply depressed by her death , Grampa attends her funeral , where he angrily lashes out at Homer and refuses to speak to him . Grampa receives Bea 's inheritance of 106 , 000 . After time contemplating how to spend the money , Grampa soon forgives Homer , and decides to spend the inheritance on improving the retirement home . Production The episode was written by Jay Kogen and Wallace Wolodarsky and directed by David Silverman . The discount lion safari in the episode that the Simpson family visits was based on the drive through Lion Country Safari , located in Loxahatchee , Palm Beach County , Florida , that Kogen used to visit when he was younger . Old Money was the first episode to feature Grampa 's full name , Abraham Simpson . Matt Groening , creator of The Simpsons , named the main characters after his own family members ( except for Bart , an anagram of brat , which he substituted for his own name ) , but refused to name Grampa after his grandfather , Abram Groening . He left it to the writers to choose a name and they chose Abraham , not knowing that it was also the name of Groening 's grandfather . The now recurring character Professor Frink makes his first appearance on the show in this episode . Frink was originally written as a mad scientist , but when cast member Hank Azaria ad libbed a voice for Frink , he did an impression of Jerry Lewis 's The Nutty Professor character , and the writing staff started making Frink more of a parody of Lewis . Frink was named after The Simpsons writer John Frink however , that was before he became a writer for the show . The episode features a guest appearance from American actress Audrey Meadows as Bea . Al Jean , a writer on the show , said Meadows was perfect for the role because she was very sweet , and the staff had a lot of fun during the recording sessions with her . This is the only episode to date where the closing credits actually states which characters each actor voices . This was done because the staff often received questions from fans regarding what characters each voice actor provided the voice for . Cultural references The scene with Grampa and Bea eating their pills seductively is a reference to the 1963 film Tom Jones . Two of the people waiting in line to ask for Grampa 's money are Darth Vader and the Joker . When the family is suggesting places they could go , Homer suggests the Springfield Mystery Spot , a reference to the Mystery Spot in California although Lisa says that the Springfield Spot is simply a puddle of mud . They eventually decide to go the Discount Lion Safari , however . The Diz Nee Land amusement park that Grampa visits with Bea 's money has a sign that reads Diz Nee Land Not affiliated with Disneyland , Walt Disney World , or anything else from the Walt Disney Company . The shot of Grampa sitting at a diner resembles the 1942 American painting Nighthawks . Before Grampa attempts to bet all of his money on Roulette he quotes the poem If by Rudyard Kipling . The climax scenes , where Grampa uses the money to fix up the Springfield Retirement Castle , is a reference to the ending of the 1932 film If I Had a Million . Dr. Marvin Monroe 's ' Monroe Box ' is meant to be a spoof of B. F. Skinner 's Skinner Box . Reception In its original American broadcast , Old Money finished thirty sixth in the ratings for the week of March 25 31 , 1991 , with a Nielsen Rating of 12 . 4 . It was the highest rated show on the Fox network that week . The episode was released in video collection on May 4 , 1994 , called The Simpsons Collection , together with the episode Dancin ' Homer . Since airing , the episode has received mixed reviews from television critics . The authors of the book I Can 't Believe It 's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide , Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood , wrote A wonderful episode , very sad but ultimately uplifting , with great one liners ( particularly from Grampa ) . Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide was not as positive . He said , With ' Old Money ' , we find easily the unk episode of season two . Actually , I d call this clunker the only bad show of the year . He went on to say , I guess ' Old Money ' wasn t a truly terrible episode , as it included a few funny moments . However , it seemed like one of the unk Simpsons episodes ever . The program became inundated with sentiment , and it did little to leaven that tide . In a generally strong season , ' Old Money ' stands out as the only real clunker .
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3,435 | Rpublique was a pre dreadnought battleship of the French Navy built in the early 1900s . The lead ship of her class , she had only one sister ship Patrie . The ship was built by the Arsenal de Brest , laid down in December 1901 , launched in September 1902 , and commissioned into the fleet in December 1906 , the same time as the revolutionary British battleship HMS Dreadnought . Armed with a main battery of four 305 mm ( 12 . 0 in ) guns , she was outclassed by Dreadnought by the time she entered service . Rpublique served in the Mediterranean Fleet for the duration of her career . In 1910 she was accidentally torpedoed by Patrie . She was moored near the battleship Libert when the latter exploded accidentally in 1911 , and was damaged by flying debris . After the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 , she covered troop convoys from Algeria to France , and participated in the sinking of the Austro Hungarian cruiser SMS Zenta later that month . She spent the majority of the war in Corfu at the mouth of the Adriatic Sea , to keep the Austro Hungarian fleet bottled up in the Adriatic . She was eventually stricken in 1921 and broken up for scrap thereafter . Design Rpublique was laid down at the Arsenal de Brest in December 1901 , launched on 4 September 1902 , and completed in December 1906 , at the same time as the revolutionary British battleship HMS Dreadnought , which rendered the pre dreadnoughts like Rpublique outdated . The ship was 133 . 81 meters ( 439 ft 0 in ) long between perpendiculars and had a beam of 24 . 26 m ( 79 ft 7 in ) and a full load draft of 8 . 41 m ( 27 ft 7 in ) . She displaced 14 , 605 metric tons ( 14 , 374 long tons 16 , 099 short tons ) at full load and had a crew of between 766 and 825 officers and enlisted men . She was powered by three vertical triple expansion engines with twenty four Niclausse boilers . They were rated at 18 , 000 indicated horsepower ( 13 , 420 kW ) and provided a top speed of 19 knots ( 35 km h 22 mph ) . Coal storage amounted to 1 , 800 t ( 1 , 770 long tons 1 , 980 short tons ) . Rpublique 's main battery consisted of four Canon de 305 mm Modle 1893 96 guns mounted in two twin gun turrets , one forward and one aft . The secondary battery consisted of eighteen Canon de 164 mm Modle 1893 guns twelve were mounted in twin turrets , and six in casemates in the hull . She also carried twenty five 3 pounder guns . The ship was also armed with two 450 mm ( 17 . 7 in ) torpedo tubes submerged in the hull . The ship 's main belt was 280 mm ( 11 . 0 in ) thick and the main battery was protected by up to 350 mm ( 13 . 8 in ) of armor . The conning tower had 305 mm ( 12 . 0 in ) thick sides . Service history After commissioning in December 1906 , Rpublique conducted her sea trials . During the speed trials , she reached a top speed of 19 . 15 knots ( 35 . 47 km h 22 . 04 mph ) , more than a knot faster than her contract speed of 18 knots ( 33 km h 21 mph ) . In 1907 , after joining the fleet , Rpublique took first place in the annual gunnery competition . She was assigned to the 1st Division of the Mediterranean Fleet , along with her sister Patrie and Suffren , the divisional flagship . On 16 February 1910 , during exercises in the Gulf of unk , a torpedo was accidentally launched from her sister ship Patrie . The torpedo struck Rpublique , damaging her hull . On 25 September 1911 , the battleship Libert was moored near Republique in Toulon . An accidental explosion , the result of the spontaneous combustion of nitrocellulose gel , occurred aboard Libert she was destroyed and debris was hurled into the air . Rpublique was hit by a 37 metric ton ( 36 long ton 41 short ton ) piece of armor plate from Libert , on the starboard quarter directly behind the main battery turret . At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 , Rpublique was assigned to the 1st Division of the 2nd Squadron in the Mediterranean , along with Patrie and the flagship , Vrit this was the main battle fleet of the French Navy . The French fleet was initially used to cover the movement of French troops the XIX Corps from Algeria to metropolitan France . As a result , the fleet was far out of position to catch the German battlecruiser SMS Goeben . For the majority of the war , the French used their main fleet to keep the Austro Hungarian fleet bottled up in the Adriatic Sea . In 1914 she participated in the Battle of Antivari , where the battle line caught the Austro Hungarian cruiser SMS Zenta by surprise and sank her . The French battleships then bombarded Austrian fortifications at Cattaro in an attempt to draw out the Austro Hungarian fleet , which refused to take the bait . The French operations in the area were hampered by a lack of a suitable base close to the mouth of the Adriatic the British had given the French free access to Malta , but it was hundreds of miles away . The Austrians also possessed several submarines , one of which torpedoed the dreadnought Jean Bart in December 1914 . The threat from underwater weapons greatly limited French naval activities in the Adriatic . As the war progressed , the French eventually settled on Corfu as their primary naval base in the area . Together with the pre dreadnought Gaulois , the ship covered the Allied evacuation from Gallipoli in January 1916 . Later in 1916 , Rpublique , Patrie , and the surviving Libert class battleships supported Allied operations in Salonica and also detached landing parties to support the Allied attempt to force Greek acquiescence for those operations in Athens on 1 December . They spent the rest of the war at Salonica and Athens . During the war , four of Rpublique 's 3 pounder guns were converted into anti aircraft guns with new high angle mounts . After the end of the war , Rpublique was placed in reserve in 1919 , along with Patrie . She was disarmed the following year and subsequently stricken from the naval register in 1921 and broken up for scrap .
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3,436 | Millennium is a five issue comic book series published by IDW Publishing from January and August 2015 , based on the television series of the same name . The series was written by Joe Harris with artwork by Colin Lorimer , and featured cover art by unk . Millennium focuses on Frank Black , a former offender profiler investigating the Millennium Group , a cult like organisation which had sought to control the end of the world at the turn of the 3rd millennium . Black learns that the Group is still operating over a decade after their supposed defeat , and have recruited his estranged daughter to combat gathering demonic forces . The first issue , released on January 21 , 2015 , saw sales of over 8000 issues , though sales figures would subsequently drop . However , the series has been reviewed positively by critics , with Lorimer 's artwork frequently singled out for praise . The complete series was collected in a trade paperback after its run was finished . Plot Background Set during the events of the season ten comic book series for The X Files , the events of Millennium see Federal Bureau of Investigation agent Fox Mulder joining the long standing crusade of offender profiler Frank Black as he combats the Millennium Group , a doomsday cult entrenched in elements of the United States law enforcement . Events Fox Mulder attends a parole hearing for Monte Propps , a serial killer he helped to apprehend in the late 1980s . Propps ' method of killing involved brainwashing his kidnapped victims until they were willing to commit suicide by drowning however he is now seen as a model unk and is released . Shortly afterwards , Mulder meets with Frank Black , who warns him of the dangers of the offender 's freedom . The two visit the released man 's halfway house , arriving shortly after his parole officer inside they find Propps drowned in his bath . In an alley outside , they parole officer is also found dead , with the ouroboros symbol of the Millennium Group tattooed on her neck . A child in the alley momentarily speaks to Black with the voice of a demonic entity he recognises , warning of impending disaster . Black attempts to locate further information about the Millennium Group 's activity , having believed them defeated in 1999 . He finds that his access to their old computer systems still works , and learns that they may know the whereabouts of his daughter Jordan . Spurred on by several momentary encounters with similarly demonic beings , Black returns to his home town of Seattle , Washington . As he visits the grave of his wife Catherine , he is tranquilised and apprehended by Group members . Waking in captivity , he learns that they seek his help against the same demonic forces he has been encountering and that Jordan is now a willing initiate of the Group . She has now begun to powerfully manifest visions of the future , similar to Black 's ability to see the past through others ' eyes . Mulder follows Black to Seattle , arriving at the abandoned ruins of Black 's old family home , where he is confronted by the powerful demon Lucy Butler . Black arrives to find Mulder struggling against her attempts to control him , and she threatens to kill them both , before Jordan arrives to intervene . Butler , now appearing in her full demonic form , is eventually banished by Jordan 's psychic abilities . Jordan leaves again , knowing that the Group will need this power , as Mulder unsuccessfully tries to persuade Black to rejoin the FBI . Watching this is a black cat , which unk into Butler 's human guise , who vows to wait a millennium for revenge . Publication Published by IDW Publishing , Millennium is a five issue limited series , acting as a spin off from the seventeenth issue of The X Files Season 10 , itself another IDW title . It is an adaptation of the 1990s television series Millennium , which featured Lance Henriksen as Frank Black . The comic series was written by Joe Harris with art by Colin unk , and saw Chris Carter , the creator of Millennium , serve as executive producer . Both Harris and Lorimer had previously worked on The X Files Season 10 . Cover art for the series was provided by unk . Harris cites the success of the adaptation of The X Files for providing the impetus for a Millennium comic , noting that IDW editor in chief Chris Ryall approached him to write the latter series having seen the reception the former had been receiving . Harris himself had been a fan of the series during its initial broadcast , personally favouring its second season . He also expressed interest in possibly adapting another of Carter 's creations , Harsh Realm . Release and reception The first issue was released on January 21 , 2015 , and featured a variant cover by artist Paul Shipper . The issue sold 8 , 505 copies in North America , making it the 197th best selling comic by units for that month . By the release of the second issue , sales had dropped to 6 , 273 issues , the 263rd highest sales figure for the month . A trade paperback collection comprising all five issues was released on August 12 , 2015 . Critical reaction to the series was positive , with review aggregator website unk giving the series a score of 8 . 2 out of 10 , based on 20 critics ' reviews of individual issues . Reviewing the first issue for We The Nerdy , unk Jane gave a score of 90 out of 100 , describing it as having excellent storytelling that will keep you engaged , and complimenting Lorimer 's artwork . Comic Vine 's Tony Guerrero praised Lorimer 's creepy artwork , but felt that the storytelling required too much foreknowledge of the television series to fully understand . He summed the issue up as being the crossover we 've been waiting for . Reviewing the third issue for unk , Patrick Hayes praised the series ' use of photographic alternate covers for subscribers , and complimented the artwork and colouring throughout . Hayes rated the issue an A overall .
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3,437 | State Highway 8 , also abbreviated as SH 8 or OK 8 , is a highway maintained by the U.S. state of Oklahoma . Because it runs mainly north south , it has an even number ( which is normal for Oklahoma state highways , but opposite from national highways ) . Highway 8 runs from U.S. Highway 277 in Cyril , Oklahoma to the state line south of Kiowa , Kansas , for a total length of 179 . 1 miles ( 288 . 2 km ) The highway has two lettered spur routes . Highway 8 dates from the creation of the state highway system in 1924 . Initially a border to border route , it was shortened to its current extent due to encroaching U.S. highways . SH 8 has followed its current route since 1966 . Route description The highway begins in Cyril , at US 277 ( which at the time is concurrent with State Highway 19 ) , and immediately heads northward . Fourteen miles ( 23 km ) later , the highway passes through Anadarko , sharing a brief overlap with US 62 SH 9 . It also becomes concurrent with US 281 here , which it remains with after passing through Anadarko . US 281 and SH 8 continue northward to meet SH 152 , which they overlap for five miles ( 8 . 0 km ) . SH 152 splits off to the west at Binger , and US 281 SH 8 go northward through unk to meet SH 37 at its western terminus in Hinton . Four miles ( 6 . 4 km ) to the north , the two highways have an interchange with Interstate 40 at its unk 101 . After this , US 281 SH 8 cross the Canadian River and begin a concurrency with U.S. Highway 270 in Geary . SH 8 splits off by itself after passing through Watonga , sixteen miles ( 26 km ) to the north . North of Watonga , SH 8 generally runs parallel to SH 51A and , after intersecting SH 51 in unk , it runs parallel to SH 58 . Eleven miles ( 18 km ) north of unk , SH 58 and SH 8 switch places through a 9 mile ( 14 km ) overlap , with SH 8 ending up running to the west through Fairview and SH 58 running to the east to Ringwood . After swapping places with SH 58 , Highway 8 continues north , overlapping US 60 for nine miles ( 14 km ) , spending the last three miles ( 4 . 8 km ) also signed concurrently with US 412 . Eleven miles ( 18 km ) north of this , SH 8 has a three mile ( 4 . 8 km ) concurrency with SH 45 southeast of Carmen . Through Cherokee , the Alfalfa County seat , it overlaps U.S. Highway 64 and SH 58 . After US 64 splits off to the west , SH 11 joins the concurrency . After six miles ( 9 . 7 km ) , SH 58 splits off to the northeast . SH 11 and SH 8 remain overlapped for seven more miles ( 11 . 3 km ) before splitting off to the north . SH 8 ends seven miles ( 11 km ) to the north of this at the Kansas state line . After crossing the state line , it becomes K 8 , which soon ends at K 2 in Kiowa , Kansas . History SH 8 was one of the original thirty one state highways created on 1924 08 24 . When it was created , it was a border to border highway , stretching from Texas to Kansas . It began at the Red River near Burkburnett , Texas . It then passed through Randlett and had a short concurrency with SH 5 west of Walters . The highway then ran through Lawton concurring with the original SH 29 en route to Anadarko via Apache . In Anadarko , SH 8 linked up with the present highway . The remainder of the route was mostly the same as it is today . In November 1926 , AASHTO officially approved the United States Numbered Highways system . The Oklahoma Transportation Commission applied the national highways to Oklahoma 's state highway system on 1926 11 26 . Three U.S. highways were assigned to portions of what was then SH 8 U.S. Highway 64 was added to a segment of highway south of Cherokee , U.S. Highway 66 was added between Bridgeport and Geary , and U.S. Highway 70 was added from the Texas state line to Randlett . US 66 and 64 merely ran concurrently with SH 8 . However , US 70 completely replaced the state highway , which was truncated so that its southern terminus was at US 70 in Randlett . By 1936 , several U.S. highways had been added to the system that took over parts of State Highway 8 's route . US 62 , added in 1930 , took over the Lawton Anadarko portion of the road . US 277 took over much of the remaining route between Randlett and Lawton . In addition , a US 70N had been created that overlaid US 277 between Randlett and the split with SH 5 west of Walters . These changes to the U.S. route system precipitated the truncation of SH 8 in 1936 . On 1936 03 13 , the section of the route between Anadarko and the state line was dropped . However , a new road between Anadarko and Cyril had been built this became part of SH 8 and set the highway 's southern terminus at its present location . By the end of 1937 , however , the highway 's southern terminus had changed once again . On 1937 10 19 , SH 8 had been truncated to Anadarko . However , on 1938 10 18 , the route was extended back to the former southern terminus at Randlett this change did not appear on the state map until the April 1941 edition . On 1941 04 14 , the route was realigned to run through Cyril once again . On 1955 09 12 , SH 8 underwent a small realignment . Previously , the highway went due north from Carmen , then turned due east , running through Lambert before connecting to US 64 south of Cherokee . As a result of the 1955 realignment , SH 8 cut northeast to connect to US 64 directly , bypassing Lambert . All of SH 8 between Randlett and Cyril was once again dropped on 1966 05 09 , restoring the route to its current southern terminus at US 277 SH 19 in Cyril . No major changes to the highway have occurred since 1966 . Spurs SH 8A runs from SH 8 to SH 51A , north of Watonga . Along the way , it provides access to Roman Nose State Park . A former SH 8A connected the highway to the town of Geronimo . When SH 8 was truncated to Cyril in 1966 , it became SH unk . SH 8B is a spur route from SH 8 to Aline . Junction list
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3,438 | The Stolen Invention is a 1910 American silent short drama produced by the Thanhouser Company . The film focuses on John Deering , an inventor , whose invention interests Mr. Cobleigh . Deering rejects the small sum Cobleigh offers for the invention , so Cobleigh decides to drugs Deering . The effect of the drug makes him temporarily insane and Deering is sent to the asylum , Cobleigh than forges Deering 's signature and secure the invention . Deering 's daughter breaks her father out of the asylum and nurses him back to health . The girl 's sweetheart , Tom , is a lawyer who takes Cobleigh to court and reveals the forgery through a stereopticon and Cobleigh is arrested . The film was released on September 16 , 1910 , and received neutral to negative reviews . The film is presumed lost . Plot Though the film is presumed lost , a synopsis survives in The Moving Picture World from September 17 , 1910 . It states John Deering is a poor inventor living modestly with his wife and only daughter . He has approached Mr. Cobleigh , a capitalist , with a proposition to share the profits of a new invention with him , providing that he ( Cobleigh ) furnish the capital to swing it . Cobleigh comes to see the model of Deering 's invention and is greatly impressed with it . Cobleigh offers Deering a small amount of money for the invention , but Deering refuses to accept it . Then Cobleigh , having failed to get his invention by fair means , determines to secure it by foul . He drugs Deering , and the result of the poison is to make the inventor temporarily insane . While in this condition , Cobleigh has Deering transferred to an insane asylum . Then he forges the inventor 's name to the bill of sale and thinks that his crime will never be discovered . Deering 's daughter , Grace , failing to induce her sweetheart , Tom Reynolds , to aid in rescuing Deering , breaks into the asylum and takes her father out singlehandedly . She conveys him to a camp in the woods where her tender care restores him to health . Then she takes him home again and he demands his rights from Cobleigh . The latter denies that he owes Deering a cent , and the inventor goes to law . Tom , who acts as his counsel , shows by enlarged stereopticon views of the two signatures that Cobleigh had traced the one from the other . Cobleigh , overcome by the revelation of his crime , is arrested , and the Deering family and the faithful Tom are happy . Production The writer of the scenario is unknown , but it was most likely Lloyd Lonergan . He was an experienced newspaperman employed by The New York Evening World while writing scripts for the Thanhouser productions . The film director is unknown , but it may have been Barry O 'Neil . Film historian Q. David Bowers does not attribute a cameraman for this production , but at least two possible candidates exist . Blair Smith was the first cameraman of the Thanhouser company , but he was soon joined by Carl Louis Gregory who had years of experience as a still and motion picture photographer . The role of the cameraman was uncredited in 1910 productions . Cast credits are unknown , but many 1910 Thanhouser productions are fragmentary . The Celluloid Couch does not include any credits and only a brief summary of the film in its filmography listing . It is also listed in unk on Film without further detailing onto the cast or credits . A surviving film still gives the possibility of identifying the actors of Deering and his daughter . A reviewer for the The New York Dramatic Mirror stated , It is rather difficult to understand by what magic the two signatures are made to appear in the court room without human agency . They come and go in anything but legal fashion . Evidently their appearance is to be taken symbolically not realistically . The final part of the review is difficult to infer because the film is lost , but the synopsis states that a stereopticon was used . A stereopticon , not to be confused with a unk , is a type of slide projector that projects an image . According to the synopsis , the production employs one , or possibly two , stereopticon 's to display the two different signatures to compare and reveal the forgery . The reviewer seems to state that the appearance as unnatural , perhaps referencing a dissolve effect . The ability to project with a dissolve was a known ability of more advanced unk . According to another reviewer the film included shots of Long Island Sound . Release and reception The single reel drama , approximately 1 , 000 feet long , was released on September 16 , 1910 . The film had a wide national release , with known theater advertisements in Pennsylvania , Kansas , Minnesota , Washington , North Carolina , Arizona , and Indiana . The film was also shown in Vancouver , Canada by the Province Theatre . Reception for this film was mixed , but not praised highly in the three main trade publications . Walton of The Moving Picture News merely commented on how the water scenery and the reviewer for the Moving Picture World stated it was , an interesting domestic story , representing the machinations of a capitalist to secure a poor man 's invention . The most detailed review was the negative one published in The New York Dramatic Mirror which states , This film is not so good as the Thanhouser trademark would lead one to expect . The story is long and rambling and the acting is not notable at any point . A drugged potion , a forged receipt , an escape from an insane asylum , and the confounding of the villain are the points around which the threads are woven . The result looks a good deal like crazy work . The sheer impossibility of the plot is not relieved by the details of the mounting or of the action . The wild escape from the lunatic asylum , the row across the river , and hiding in the woods , are all cut upon an absurd pattern . Probably for those who like highly seasoned drama the film will prove entertaining for others it is too mellow .
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3,439 | The Museum of Socialist Art ( Bulgarian unk unk unk , unk na unk unk ) in Sofia , is a museum of art which covers the history of the communist regime in Bulgaria . It was established on 19 September 2011 amidst a controversy over the name , which was initially proposed as Museum of Totalitarian Art . The museum 's collection of large and small statues , busts , and paintings represents the period from 1944 to 1989 , from the time of introduction of communism to Bulgaria to the end of the totalitarian regime . The museum spread over an area of 7 , 500 square metres ( 81 , 000 sq ft ) in the Sofia suburb known as Red Star is in three parts a park with sculpture installations drawn from the communist period , an exhibition hall with paintings and easel representations , and a media or video hall in which films and newsreels related to the communist period are screened . History Many projects were mooted since the 1990s for establishing museums of communism in Sofia , Dimitrovgrad , and unk , but none came to fruition . During the same period , many monuments of the Soviet regime were destroyed or dismantled . During the summer of 2011 attempts to create exhibits on the role of the communist regime in Bulgaria were made by a group of artists who painted pop icons on the Soviet army memorial in Sofia in June 2011 . At that point , the government decided to establish museums in Bulgaria and also to restore dismantled monuments . The establishment of the Museum of Contemporary Art , the Museum of Ancient Sofia , and the National Museum Complex ( renamed as the Bulgarian Louvre ) came to be established in Sofia as a result of that decision . At the same time it was decided by Ministry of Culture to create the Museum of Socialist Art in Sofia to enhance the city 's cultural ambiance and its position as a major tourist attraction , in conformity with similarly themed museums that had been established in many cities of Eastern Europe . It was also considered and accepted by the ministry that the museum would be a subsidiary of the National Gallery of Art . unk unk , the Minister of Culture , himself a sculptor , took the initiative to see through the project of creating the museum for exhibiting the artistic heritage of the communist regime . The Government of Bulgaria fully supported the initiative and provided funds to the extent of 1 . 5 million euros to establish the museum , hoping that the revenue from the sale of entry tickets would recover this cost in a period of 2 years . The remnants of the socialist regime were found from basement of very town in Bulgaria for installation at the museum before it formally opened on 19 September 2011 . Amidst controversy , the museum 's name , originally planned to be Museum of Totalitarian Art , was changed to Museum of Socialist Art . The new museum was formally inaugurated on 19 September 2011 . At the inauguration , which was held in the presence of Prime Minister unk Borisov , Mayor of Sofia unk unk , and many ministers , the Finance Minister Simeon unk stated We are closing one page of the Bulgarian history and communism is going where it belongs in the museum ... Bulgaria has already shaken it off and is moving forward . The date of the inauguration also marked the formal occupation of Bulgaria by communists in 1944 . As journalist Georgi unk noted Bulgaria must have a museum of communism that will tell new generations the story of a period that should never again become reality . Description The museum , a branch of the national art gallery , has a display of socialist regime of 45 years ( 1944 89 ) period of art symbols and other artifacts and archives with statues in the park . The museum covers an area of 7 , 500 square metres ( 81 , 000 sq ft ) in the Sofia suburb known as Red Star . It consists of three parts a park in which 77 statues or sculptures drawn from the communist period , including a statue of Vladimir Lenin , have been erected an exhibition hall with 60 paintings and 25 easel paintings representations and a media or video hall in which propaganda films and newsreels related to the communist period are screened . There is also a souvenir kiosk where communist period memorabilia are sold . The museum 's collection covers the period from 1944 to 1989 , from the introduction of communism to Bulgaria to the end of the totalitarian regime . At the entrance of the museum stands a large five pointed star which had earlier adorned the Party House in Sofia from 1954 to 1984 . The statue park , which is said to be the most representative part of the museum , features statues , busts , and figures of popular communist leaders and activists , of poets , sculptures of Red army soldiers , agricultural and industrial workers , and so forth . Within the museum hall there are sculptures of communist leaders Todor Zhivkov , Vladimir Lenin , and Joseph Stalin . Some of the exhibits with artistic expression are attributed to many well known sculptors of the communist regime . Paintings made by artists during the communist regime are also on display , including depictions of the entry of the Soviet Army in 1944 , the creation of communist party branches , portraits , and landscapes . Most of the exhibits on display are of trials of the partisan and resistance movement during World War II , the creation of the socialistic pattern of society , and people 's contented life . Some of the paintings depict Herculean sized laborers . Many oil paintings extol the presumed theme of eternal friendship between Bulgaria and the Soviet Union . In the museum 's restaurant also there are portraits of Karl Marx , Lenin , Engles and Stalin which are evocative of incongruity . In 2012 , an exhibition on The Cultural Opening of Bulgaria to the World , which was the creation of Lyudmila daughter of Todor Zhivkov who ruled in 1953 , and which brought into focus a golden age of socialist culture was also exhibited at this museum .
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3,440 | Pseudocolus fusiformis is a stinkhorn mushroom in the Phallaceae , a family well known for a remarkable range of fruit body types . It is the most widely distributed member of the genus Pseudocolus and has been found in the United States , Australia , Japan , Java , and the Philippines . It is commonly known as the stinky squid , because of its fetid odor , and its three or four upright arms which are connected at the top . The malodorous smell comes from the dark greenish slimy gleba covering the inside faces of the arms , and attracts insects that help to disperse the spores . Taxonomy The first appearance of this species in the literature was in 1890 , under the name Colus fusiformis , when Eduard Fischer wrote a description based on a painting he found in the Paris Museum of Natural History . In his 1944 monograph on the Gasteromycetes of Australia and New Zealand , Gordon Herriot Cunningham considered this naming to be a nomen nudum not published with an adequate description . However , it was valid under the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature . In 1899 Penzig described the species Colus javanicus based on a single specimen found on Java , and a year later Fischer amended the name of his original Colus fusiformis to Colus javanicus , as he was not satisfied with the quality of his original description . Despite his doubts on the validity of his description , his original naming is both legitimate and has priority over C. javanicus . In 1907 , Curtis Gates Lloyd described the new genus Pseudocolus , and reduced several species to synonyms of Pseudocolus fusiformis . The first North American description of this species ( as Colus schellenbergiae ) was in 1916 by David Ross unk Johnson later ( 1929 ) transferred this to unk schellenbergiae . Although Cunningham ( 1931 ) revised the genus Anthurus to include members of Pseudocolus , Dring in 1973 considered the genera to be distinct . Up until the appearance of an extensive study published in 1980 , 13 different binomials had been used in the literature to name the species . Index Fungorum lists the following synonyms of P. fusiformis Colus fusiformis E.Fisch. ( 1891 ) Colus elegans unk . ( 1842 ) Anthurus rothae ( unk ex E.Fisch. ) E.Fisch. ( 1893 ) Colus rothae unk ex E.Fisch. ( 1893 ) Pseudocolus rothae ( E.Fisch. ) Yasuda ( 1916 ) Colus javanicus Penz . ( 1899 ) Pseudocolus javanicus ( Penz . ) Lloyd ( 1907 ) Anthurus javanicus ( Penz . ) unk ( 1931 ) Pseudocolus rothae Lloyd ( 1907 ) Colus rothae ( Lloyd ) unk . unk ( 1910 ) Colus schellenbergiae unk . ( 1916 ) Pseudocolus schellenbergiae ( unk . ) unk ( 1929 ) Description Immature fruiting bodies resemble egg or pear shaped puffballs , grayish brown to pale gray in color , with dimensions of 0 . 5 to 2 . 5 cm ( 0 . 2 to 1 . 0 in ) diameter the top surface is broken into small regions by cracks or crevices ( areolate ) . As the fungus matures , the fruiting body cracks open and forms a stalk with tapering arms , a volva , and a spore mass known as a gleba . The mature fruiting body is typically 3 to 6 cm ( 1 . 2 to 2 . 4 in ) in height , with arms that are 2 5 times the length of the stipe . The stipe itself does not extend past the volva , and is hollow , thin walled , chambered , wrinkled , and flares towards the upper end . The color of the stipe is white or grayish white it is 1 to 3 . 5 cm ( 0 . 4 to 1 . 4 in ) in height , and 0 . 5 to 2 . 5 cm ( 0 . 2 to 1 . 0 in ) thick at the widest diameter . The three or four arms extending from the stipe average 3 . 6 cm ( 1 . 4 in ) in length ( ranging from 1 to 13 cm ( 0 . 4 to 5 . 1 in ) , and wrinkled on the side bearing the gleba . The arms , which are joined at the top , are shaped like a lance ( lanceolate ) , pointed towards the apex they are orange colored . The internal structure of the arms is made of chambers one large chamber towards the outside , and typically three smaller chambers on the inside of the arm . The gleba is commonly found on the upper two thirds of the inside surface of the arms , and is dark green and slimy . The fetid odor of the gleba , described by one author as comparable to fresh pig manure , attracts insects that help to disperse the spores . The spores are elliptical or ovoid , smooth , translucent ( hyaline ) , with dimensions of 4 . 5 5 . 5 by 2 2 . 5 m . The basidia , the spore bearing cells , are attached to 6 8 sessile spores . Edibility Although not considered poisonous , P. fusiformis is not recommended for consumption . Some related species such as Phallus impudicus or Mutinus caninus are considered to be edible ( or even delicacies ) in the immature egg stage however , the foul smell of stinkhorns at maturity would likely deter most individuals from eating them . Similar species The stinkhorn species Clathrus columnatus somewhat resembles P. fusiformis in that it has 3 or 4 arms that extend upwards and join at the top . However , unlike C. columnatus , the arms of P. fusiformis share a common stem , and the immature egg form is gray or grayish brown , rather than white . Habitat and distribution This species grows scattered or in groups on disturbed soil in coniferous or mixed forests . It is also found growing on wood chips used as mulch in gardens or for landscaping Blanton has also reported it growing in a garden solitary and very large . Pseudocolus fusiformis has been collected from a variety of locations worldwide , including Australia , Japan , Java , the Philippines , Reunion Island , the United States , and Turkey . In the continental United States , it was first collected in Pittsburgh in 1915 since then it has been found in Alabama , Connecticut , Georgia , ( South Carolina ) Louisiana , Florida , Massachusetts , New Jersey , New York , North Carolina , Rhode Island , and Tennessee it has also been found in Hawaii . It is thought to have been introduced to North America from southeast Asia .
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3,441 | The 1905 Atlantic hurricane season featured five known tropical cyclones , two of which made landfall in the United States . The first system was initially observed near the Windward Islands on September 6 . The last system to dissipate , the fourth storm , transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 11 , while located well southeast of Newfoundland . These dates fall within the period with the most tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic . Between October 5 and October 10 , the fourth and fifth system existed simultaneously . Of the season 's five tropical cyclones , only one reached hurricane status , the fewest since 1890 . Furthermore , that storm strengthened into major hurricane , which is Category 3 or higher on the modern day Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale . This storm , which was the fourth and strongest hurricane of the season , peaked at Category 3 strength with 120 mph ( 195 km h ) winds . It was also attributed to at least six fatalities after sending a rogue wave across the steerage of the steamer Campania . The first storm also resulted in two deaths after a schooner wrecked in Barbados . The season 's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy ( ACE ) rating of 28 , the lowest value since 1864 . ACE is , broadly speaking , a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed , so storms that last a long time , as well as particularly strong hurricanes , have high ACEs . It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34 knots ( 39 mph , 63 km h ) or tropical storm strength . Storms Tropical Storm One The first storm of the season , already at tropical storm intensity , was identified on September 6 to the east of Grenada . A small storm , it quickly passed through the southern Lesser Antilles early on September 7 . The next day , the storm weakened to a tropical depression before dissipating as a shallow but large system . A schooner sailing from Bridgetown to Suriname encountered heavy seas just a day out of port and turned back . It was thrown onto the pierhead and wrecked . The captain and a crewman were swept overboard and drowned . Tropical Storm Two HURDAT indicates that a tropical storm originated to the northeast of the Windward Islands on September 11 . Steadily tracking towards the west northwest , the storm gradually intensified , reaching its peak intensity with winds estimated at 60 mph ( 95 km h ) on September 13 . After turning northwestward , the system slowed and began to weaken . By September 16 , the storm weakened to a tropical depression and dissipated shortly thereafter . Tropical Storm Three Based on weather reports from the Weather Bureau Office in New Orleans , Louisiana , a tropical storm was first observed about 20 miles ( 30 km ) north northwest of Swan Island on September 24 . The storm strengthened slightly before making landfall near Punta Allen , Quintana Roo around 1200 UTC on September 25 . Early on the following day , the system emerged into the Gulf of Mexico and headed north northwestward . At midday on September 26 , it peaked with sustained winds of 50 mph ( 85 km h ) . The storm re curved north northeastward late on September 28 , while approaching the Gulf Coast of the United States . At 1000 UTC the next day , this system made landfall in extreme southwest Vermilion Parish , Louisiana at the same intensity . The storm slowly weakened inland and dissipated over Arkansas on September 30 . Strong winds and rough seas were reported along the central Gulf Coast of the United States , forcing ships to remain in port . Hurricane Four On October 1 , a tropical depression developed in the southwestern Caribbean Sea . Moving slowly north northeastward , it reached tropical storm status early on October 3 . The following day , the storm curved northeastward . Kingston , Jamaica recorded rainfall as the system bypassed the island . Late on October 5 and early on October 6 , the storm passed through the Windward Passage . Eastern Cuba was affected with some force , but damage was not significant . Entering the Atlantic Ocean , the system passed through the southeastern Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands without causing damage . While centered about halfway between Bermuda and Turks and Caicos Islands , the storm strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale . Later on October 8 , it deepened to a Category 2 hurricane , while passing south of Bermuda . The island experienced gale force winds with gusts reaching hurricane force , but damage was apparently minimal . Early on October 9 , the storm intensified into a Category 3 hurricane and peaked with winds of 120 mph ( 195 km h ) . On October 10 , it weakened to a Category 2 and then became extratropical early the next day . The steamer Campania encountered the remnants of the storm and was reported to have been struck by a large rogue wave , which was described as disastrous . The ship roll and water moved across the steerage , sweeping five passengers into the ocean , they presumably drowned . At least 30 other people were injured , one of them fatally . The extratropical remnants dissipated over the Labrador Sea on October 13 . Tropical Storm Five A tropical storm was first observed in the Gulf of Mexico on October 5 , while located about 105 miles ( 170 km ) north of the Yucatn Peninsula . The storm strengthened slowly while crossing the Gulf of Mexico and peaked with sustained winds of 50 mph ( 85 km h ) early on October 8 . At 1700 UTC on the following day , it made landfall near Morgan City , Louisiana at the same intensity . The system quickly weakened inland and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over Mississippi on October 10 . The extratropical remnants dissipated over Virginia on October 11 . The remnants of this storm brought heavy rains to the Eastern United States and Atlantic Canada .
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3,442 | Tropical Cyclone Herbie was the only known tropical system to impact Western Australia during the month of May on record . The final cyclone of the 1987 88 Australian region cyclone season , Herbie was first identified northwest of the Cocos Islands on 17 May . The following day , the system was classified as a tropical low by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and intensified into a Category 1 cyclone later that day . Several hours after this upgrade , the storm attained its initial peak intensity with winds of 75 km h ( 45 mph 10 minute sustained ) . Around the same time , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center classified Herbie as Tropical Storm 21S . On 19 May , the cyclone formed a new low pressure center and relocated roughly 300 km ( 190 mi ) south . Shortly thereafter , the storm began to accelerate towards the southeast and started to undergo an extratropical transition . Early on 21 May , Herbie made landfall in Shark Bay before losing its identity the following day over the Great Australian Bight . Although a weak storm , Herbie brought flooding rains and severe dust storms to portions of Western Australia . Additionally , a 30 , 000 ton freighter broke in half amidst rough seas produced by the storm . Total losses from the storm reached A 20 million ( 15 . 6 million USD ) . Due to the significant damage wrought by Herbie , the name was retired following its use . Meteorological history Tropical Cyclone Herbie originated from an area of low pressure on 17 May 1988 northwest of the Cocos Islands . Later that day , the Australian Bureau of Meteorology began monitoring the system as a tropical low . Several hours after , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) classified the system as Tropical Depression 21S , having attained winds of 45 km h ( 30 mph 1 minute sustained ) . Following slight development , the system intensified into a Category 1 cyclone and was given the name Herbie by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology early on 18 May . Several hours after being named , the storm attained its initial peak intensity with winds of 75 km h ( 45 mph 10 minute sustained ) and a barometric pressure of 990 hPa ( mbar ) . Around the same time , the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm , estimating the cyclone to have attained peak winds of 65 km h ( 40 mph 1 minute sustained ) . On 19 May , satellite imagery of the system depicted that a new low pressure centre had developed roughly 300 km ( 190 mi ) south of the original low . Several hours after the relocation , the JTWC downgraded Herbie to a tropical depression as the system 's movement began to accelerate towards the southeast . As the storm moved at a rapid speed towards the coastline of Western Australia , it began to undergo an extratropical transition . During a 24 hour period ( 20 21 May ) Herbie tracked roughly 1 , 500 km ( 930 mi ) , with the movement of the storm reaching 70 km h ( 43 mph ) at times . Late on 20 May , the JTWC ceased advisories on the system as it weakened below tropical depression status offshore . However , the Bureau of Meteorology continued to monitor the system . Early on 21 May , the center of Herbie made landfall in Shark Bay with wind gusts up to 120 km h ( 75 mph ) and a pressure of 980 hPa ( mbar ) . Due to the rapid movement of the storm , it reached the Great Australian Bight while retaining tropical characteristics despite its low latitude . Early on 22 May , the system lost its identity south of Australia as an extratropical cyclone . Impact Although a weak storm , its fast approach allowed for little preparation . According to officials in the coastal town of Denham , .. the cyclone struck virtually without warning . Most tourists staying in the region evacuated the day before Herbie 's arrival . Herbie caused moderate structural damage across Western Australia in coastal areas between Carnarvon and Denham . Banana plantations within this area also sustained extensive damage . In Denham , a storm surge of 2 m ( 6 . 6 ft ) broke the town 's retaining wall and flooded low lying areas along the shore . Several fishing vessels were brought inland by the surge and left beached on streets once the water subsided . About 15 homes in Denham lost their roofs after wind gusts estimated at 160 km h ( 99 mph ) battered the town . Due to the storms extratropical transition , areas south of Herbie received moderate to heavy rainfall while areas north of the center reported severe dust storms fueled by the cyclone 's high winds . Most areas affected by the storms rain recorded around 50 mm ( 2 . 0 in ) with isolated totals near 100 mm ( 3 . 9 in ) . The Irwin and Greenough Rivers overflowed their banks , inundating parts of unk . In all , the storm wrought approximately A 20 million worth of structural and agricultural damage in Western Australia . Offshore , a 30 , 000 ton freighter , the Korean Star , sustained extreme damage during the storm . Rough seas caused the hull of the ship to break and the vessel was separated into two pieces . Although the freighter was in two pieces , the ship did not sink and the wreckage of it came ashore near Cape Cuvier . No one on the ship sustained injury as all 19 crew members abandoned ship . The crew was rescued within a day of sustaining the damage and flown to Carnarvon . In the wake of the storm , the town hall in Denham was converted into a temporary shelter for the homeless . Repair to damaged roofs and downed power lines began on 22 May . Within a few days of the storm 's passage , appeals were made for relief funds in regions affected by Herbie . As of January 2010 , Cyclone Herbie is the most recent tropical system to either directly or indirectly impact the town of Geraldton , a region that is struck by tropical cyclones once every six to eight years . Although the storm caused relatively little damage , the name Herbie was retired following its usage and will never be used again to name a tropical cyclone in the Australian region .
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3,443 | Boz ( c . 380 ) was the king of the Antes , an early Slavic people that lived in parts of present day Ukraine . His story is mentioned by Jordanes in the Getica ( 550 551 ) in the preceding years , the Ostrogoths under Ermanaric had conquered a large number of tribes in Central Europe ( see unk ) , including the Antes . Some years after the Ostrogothic defeat by the invading Huns , a king named Vinitharius , Ermanaric 's great nephew , marched against the Antes of Boz and defeated them . Vinitharius condemned Boz , his sons , and seventy of his nobles , to crucifixion , in order to terrorize the Antes . These conflicts constitute the only pre 6th century contacts between Germanics and Slavs documented in written sources . History Background Byzantine historian Jordanes wrote in his De origine unk unk ( or Getica , written in 550 or 551 ) that King Ermanaric ( fl . 370s ) of the Greuthungi ( a Gothic tribe , most likely the same as the later Ostrogoths ) , member of the Amali dynasty , managed to subdue a large number of tribes in Europe ( Cassiodorus called him ruler of all nations of Scythia and Germania ) , and he is said to have lastly subjugated the Wends ( Slavs ) . Jordanes noted that the Gothic tribes regularly made raids into Slavic territory . Jordanes mentioned three tribes of the same origin , that constituted the Slavs Wends ( West Slavs ) , Antes ( East Slavs ) and unk ( South Slavs ) , and stated that the Antes were the bravest and strongest among these . He also stated that the Antes ' rule was hereditary , while Procopius maintained that the unk and Antes are not ruled by one man , but they have lived from old under a democracy . According to Roman Smal unk , the Antes received a strong ruling power and military organization over time from the Gothic influence . They inhabited the area between the Dniester and Dnieper , most likely in the region extending from the Vistula to the Danube mouth and eastwards to the Don . The tribal union of the Antes probably included some neighbouring West Slavic tribes . The Antes seem to have attempted to form their own state in the frontiers of or even within the Gothic state , judging by Jordanes ' naming Boz as king . Story of Boz The Huns , accompanied by the unk whom they had just conquered , invaded Ermanaric 's territories . Ermanaric , who feared devastation , took his own life . In the years following Ermanaric 's death , there was a war between the section of the Ostrogoths who remained under Hun rule , and the Antes . Ermanaric 's great nephew , Vinitharius , who disliked being under Hun rule , withdrew his forces and marched against the Antes in order to defeat them and to show his courage . This took place in the last quarter of the 4th century , possibly around 380 . Boz , the king of the Antes ( rex unk ) , had organized an alliance to defend the Antes , and managed to defeat Vinitharius in their first encounters , however , Vinitharius fought valiantly and managed to capture and crucify Boz , together with his sons and 70 of his chiefs ( primates ) . Vinitharius left their bodies hanging to induce fear in those who had surrendered . These conflicts constitute the only pre 6th century contacts between Germanics and Slavs documented in written sources . Aftermath Afterwards , the Alans ( according to contemporary Marcellinus , though Jordanes said it was Huns ) rushed to rescue their kin , with a decisive battle fought against the Ostrogoths at the river unk ( now called unk ) , in which the Ostrogoths were defeated and pushed west . The Ostrogoths eventually reached the lower Danube shores . Assessment Jordanes wrote his name in Late Latin as Boz ( Boz nomine ) , though several manuscripts of the Getica use Box or Booz . There are various theories in etymological studies regarding the name . The name has been rendered in the Slavic languages as unk ( unk , unk transliterated as unk ) . One theory is that it derives from the Slavic word bog , God , interpreted as God 's . Polish linguist Stanisaw unk ( 1909 2000 ) mentioned unk ( divine ) , Vo ( d ) ( chief ) , and unk ( barefooted ) as possibilites . Polish linguist Stanisaw unk ( 1906 1982 ) concluded that Bos , barefooted , was his name , and that the other etymologies put forward by unk were less probable he supported this by connecting Boz with Bus ( unk ) of The Tale of Igor 's Campaign , as Omeljan unk ( 1833 1894 ) had first done in 1876 . Ukrainian scholar Mykhailo unk ( 1866 1934 ) speculated that his name was perhaps unk , unk , Bohdan . Ukrainian Bohdan unk stressed that as the first unk ( unk , etc . ) had not yet occurred in Slavic at the time of Boz , unk was unconvincing and Vo ( d ) even less acceptable . Although supporting the connection with Bus , he assumed that it was Gothic , as unk , found in similar variants as West Gothic Bs , of uncertain date , probably meaning ' Sorcerer ' , and Anglo Saxon unk , from the 7th century . His title , rex unk , translates to King of the Antes . Ukrainian historian Mykola unk assumed , as Jordanes used rex for both Germanic rulers and the ruler of the Antes , that the Eastern Slavs had adopted unk from the Goths and unk it into unk ( unk ) , translated by Jordanes as rex . Historian Florin Curta believes that Jordanes ' account regarding Boz and Vinitharius possibly originated in the Gothic oral tradition , given the narrative pattern of the story . He views of Boz as quasi legendary , as he is the only Slavic leader mentioned by Jordanes , while no leader is mentioned by Procopius . Some historians have tried to identify Boz with Bus mentioned in the Tale of Igor 's Campaign , in which boyars tell Sviatoslav I of Kiev ( r . 945 972 ) of Gothic maidens ... singing about the time of Bus , but this has been refuted . The first to connect the two was Omeljan unk ( 1833 1894 ) , in 1876 . He was later supported by Stanisaw unk .
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3,444 | The Sinsinawa Mound raid occurred on June 29 , 1832 , near the Sinsinawa mining settlement in Michigan Territory ( present day Grant County , Wisconsin in the United States ) . This incident , part of the Black Hawk War , resulted in the deaths of two men a third man survived by seeking cover in a nearby blockhouse . In the aftermath of the raid , Captain James W. Stephenson set out to pursue the attackers a straggling band of Sauk Native Americans but lost their trail at the Mississippi River . The attack occurred in the same week as other skirmishes and raids , and as a result helped contribute to the growing fear in the region . The raid caused the residents of nearby Platteville to consider fleeing their settlement . Background As a consequence of an 1804 treaty between the governor of Indiana Territory and a group of Sauk and Fox leaders regarding land settlement , the tribes vacated their lands in Illinois and moved west of the Mississippi in 1828 . However , Sauk Chief Black Hawk and others disputed the treaty , claiming that the full tribal councils had not been consulted , nor did those representing the tribes have authorization to cede lands . Angered by the loss of his birthplace , between 1830 31 Black Hawk led a number of incursions across the Mississippi River into Illinois , but was persuaded each time to return west without bloodshed . In April 1832 , encouraged by promises of alliance with other tribes and the British , he again moved his so called British Band of around 1 , 000 warriors and non combatants into Illinois . Finding no allies , he attempted to return across the Mississippi ( to present day Iowa ) , but the undisciplined Illinois Militia 's actions led to the Battle of Stillman 's Run . A number of other engagements followed , and the militia of Michigan Territory and the state of Illinois were mobilized to hunt down Black Hawk 's band . The conflict became known as the Black Hawk War . The period between Stillman 's Run and the raid at Sinsinawa Mound was filled with war related activity . A series of attacks at Buffalo Grove , the Plum River settlement , Fort Blue Mounds and the war 's most famous incident , the Indian Creek massacre , all took place between mid May and late June 1832 . The week before the Battle of Apple River Fort ( on June 24 ) was an important turning point for the settlers between June 16 and 18 two key battles , one at Waddams Grove and the other at Horseshoe Bend , played a role in changing public perception about the militia after its defeat at Stillman 's Run . The Battle of Apple River Fort occurred five days before the Sinsinawa Mound raid the fight was a 45 minute gun battle between defenders garrisoned inside Apple River Fort and Sauk and Fox warriors led by Chief Black Hawk himself . Prelude George W. Jones , who would later become a U.S. Senator from Iowa , arrived in the Sinsinawa Mound area in 1827 , and in 1828 established a mining settlement there . The first structure at the settlement was Jones 's own log cabin , built during the spring of 1828 in two days . The cabin measured 49 feet ( 14 . 9 m ) by 17 feet ( 5 . 2 m ) and each room had one door and one window . When the Black Hawk War began four years later he also built a small fort at the site . The remains of the fort , one of many constructed in the region to protect local residents , are said to still stand at the entrance to the Sinsinawa Dominican complex . One of the men who assisted Jones in building the fort 's blockhouse was Enoch Robinson , a soldier who later helped bury the victims of the Sinsinawa Mound raid . At the time of the attack Jones was with Henry Dodge 's militia volunteers , on the way to meet overall commander General Henry Atkinson at Lake Koshkonong , then a marsh region . Attack On June 29 , 1832 , what was probably a small band of Sauk attacked three men working in a cornfield at the Jones mining settlement near Sinsinawa Mound . The Sauk took up a position directly between the settlers and their weapons . Two of the men James Boxley and John Thompson were killed by the raiding party their badly mutilated bodies were later recovered . The third , an unidentified man , made a run for Jones blockhouse and survived the attack . The raiders were most likely a group of stragglers from the main body of the British Band , which was moving toward the Rock River with Chief Black Hawk . Aftermath When news of the raid reached Galena , Illinois , Captain James W. Stephenson set out with thirty soldiers to pursue the raiding party . Arriving at Sinsinawa Mound , they buried the two most shockingly mutilated settlers there both Thompson and Boxley had been scalped and Thompson 's heart had been removed . Stephenson then followed the Sauk trail to the Mississippi River where it went cold , the raiders having apparently crossed the river . Stephenson 's party returned to Galena empty handed . Henry Dodge ordered the various elements of the militia to rendezvous at Fort Hamilton to eventually join General Henry Atkinson near present day Madison , Wisconsin . When word of the attack at Sinsinawa Mound reached George W. Jones he left the volunteers under the command of Dodge and returned to the settlement at the mound . The attack at Sinsinawa Mound , compounded by other incidents around the region , helped contribute to the fear gripping the settlers . The people of Platteville , in present day Wisconsin , contemplated fleeing to Galena , about 25 miles ( 40 km ) south , as a direct result of the Sinsinawa Mound raid . Colonel Dodge dispatched one of his men , Frederick Hollman , to Platteville to reassure its nervous residents . However , by the time Hollman arrived the settlers had already been informed that the local Native American Ho Chunk tribesmen were friendly . This and the subsequent delivery of promised supplies from Galena further placated Platteville 's residents , and the threatened exodus was called off .
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3,445 | The 2010 Food City 500 was held on March 21 , 2010 at Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol , Tennessee as the fifth race of the 2010 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season . This race marked the last appearance of the rear wing on the Car of Tomorrow , with the spoiler returning the following race . This race also was the first of three in Carl Edwards ' probation following his altercation with Brad Keselowski at the previous race at Atlanta Motor Speedway , in which Keselowski went airborne , subsequently crashing on his side door . The race had 39 lead changes among 13 different leaders and 10 cautions . The race attendance of 138 , 000 marked the end of a long streak of sellout seats at the track , which has a capacity of 158 , 000 . The race had been a sellout since 1982 . Draconian regulations kept intact since the 1970s along with rising ticket prices and unexciting restrictor plate races at Talladega and Daytona helped to contribute to the empty seats at NASCAR races in addition to declining TV ratings . Race report Practices and qualifying In the first practice , the fastest were Joey Logano , Matt Kenseth , Mark Martin , Jimmie Johnson , and Kasey Kahne the practice also had three red flags because Kyle Busch , Bobby Labonte , and Jimmie Johnson spun on the frontstretch . During qualifying , Joey Logano won his first Sprint Cup Series pole position while Kurt Busch , Dave Blaney , Jimmie Johnson , and Jeff Gordon rounded out the top five . There were only two drivers who failed to qualify Mike Bliss and Max Papis . In the second practice , the fastest were Jimmie Johnson , Juan Pablo Montoya , Jeff Gordon , Dale Earnhardt , Jr . , and Joey Logano . During final practice , the fastest were Jimmie Johnson , Juan Pablo Montoya , Matt Kenseth , Jamie McMurray , and Joey Logano . Race summary For pre race concerts , the musical group unk , a military band , and Lee Greenwood performed for the fans . Afterward , unk performed the National Anthem , and Rev. Mike unk , of Vansant Church of Christ , gave the Invocation . Steve Austin gave the command Gentlemen , start your engines . Before the race , Terry Cook moved to the back of the field because he missed driver introductions . For the first time in his young career , Joey Logano led the field for the green flag . Immediately after the start , Kurt Busch passed him for the lead . On lap 6 , Jimmie Johnson passed Busch for the lead . While Logano fell back , Johnson continued to lead until lap 30 Busch passed him in heavy traffic . Busch kept the lead until lap 40 , at the first caution . The caution came out when Dave Blaney had a flat tire . Brad Keselowski stayed out while other drivers came in to change tires and add gasoline which resulted him getting the lead . On lap 46 , the green flag came out again . Keselowski kept the lead until lap 53 when Jimmie Johnson passed him . Five laps later , the second caution came out because Clint Bowyer slammed into the wall from a blown engine . Few drivers went to change tires and add gasoline on this caution Johnson led the field to the green flag on lap 62 . Johnson kept the lead until lap 99 when Busch passed him in traffic . After Kurt Busch led for seventeen laps , the third caution came out because Denny Hamlin hit the wall in turn two . Most drivers went to pit road to change their tires , but Busch was first off pit road and led them to the green flag on lap 123 . Busch 's lead would not continue for long as Greg Biffle passed him on lap 124 . Three laps later , the fourth caution came out because of rain . With the few rain drops at the track , NASCAR decided to keep the cars on the track to help make sure the track would stay dry . After a sixteen lap caution period , the race resumed on lap 143 with Biffle as the leader . On lap 158 , Jimmie Johnson attempted to get the lead but Biffle remained the leader . On lap 191 he was passed by Juan Pablo Montoya for the lead , but four laps later Biffle retook it . Nine laps later , on lap 204 , Biffle was still the leader , but the fifth caution flag came out because Kasey Kahne hit the wall . On lap 210 the green flag came out with Juan Pablo Montoya the leader . After some switching positions on lap 223 Kurt Busch took the lead . Soon after the lead change , there was a green flag run until lap 263 when the sixth yellow came out because Kyle Busch slammed the outside wall . The race resumed on lap 271 with Kurt Busch the leader . At lap 300 , the top three drivers were Kurt Busch , Mark Martin , and Jimmie Johnson . Then on lap 323 the seventh caution flag waved because Regan Smith had tire troubles . Kurt Busch won the race out of pit road to lead the field to the green flag on lap 331 . Ten laps later , on lap 342 , the eighth caution came out because of a large wreck . The wreck started with Mark Martin and Greg Biffle colliding thirteen more cars were involved . On lap 358 , the green flag came out with Kurt Busch the leader . By lap 370 , the top three positions were occupied by Kurt Busch , Jimmie Johnson , and Jamie McMurray . Rain brought out the ninth caution twenty laps later . On lap 411 , the green flag came back out with Brad Keselowski the leader Kurt Busch passed him three laps later . By lap 433 , Jimmie Johnson caught Kurt Busch . Johnson tried to pass Busch on lap 444 , but did not get the lead . During the longest green flag run of the race , Joey Logano hit the turn two wall on lap 479 there was no caution . Three laps later , the tenth caution came out because of debris on the track . During pit stops , Greg Biffle beat everyone out of pit road to lead the field to the green flag on lap 490 . Busch and Johnson were fifth and sixth . On lap 492 , Tony Stewart took the lead from Biffle Johnson passed him on the outside a lap later . Jimmie Johnson kept the lead to earn his first career win at Bristol . It was his fiftieth win in his Sprint Cup Series career , and his third win of 2010 . Race results
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3,446 | You Haven 't Seen the Last of Me is a song performed by American singer actress Cher , taken from the soundtrack Burlesque Original Motion Picture Soundtrack of the accompanying film Burlesque ( 2010 ) . After a long time of hiatus in her acting career , Cher returned to the screen in Burlesque , which co stars Christina Aguilera . It was released to adult contemporary radio station in the United States on January 15 , 2011 , as the first single from the soundtrack by RCA Records . Prior to the release , a remix EP which includes uptempo dance versions of the song was made available to purchase iTunes Stores on November 24 , 2010 . Written by Diane Warren and produced by Matt Serletic and Mark Taylor , You Haven 't Seen the Last of Me is a power ballad . Upon its release , the single was well received from most contemporary music critics , who praised Cher 's comeback as well as the track 's composition . It garnered Warren a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 68th Golden Globe Awards ( 2011 ) , and was nominated for Best Song Written for Visual Media at the 54th Grammy Awards . On January 20 , 2011 , the track peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart , making Cher the only musical act to have a number one single on a Billboard chart in each of the last six decades . Since its release , You Haven 't Seen the Last of Me has been covered by James Franco and CeCe Frey . Background and release Following a long time of hiatus in her acting career , Cher was announced to be returned on the musical film Burlesque ( 2010 ) co starring Christina Aguilera . This was the first time Cher appeared on the screen since Stuck on You ( 2003 ) . Talking about the making of the film , Cher revealed , It s harder to do things . I 've beat my body up so badly , it 's amazing it 's still talking to me and listening to what I say . But I ve got aches and pains everywhere . The soundtrack was also revealed , with eight songs performed by Aguilera , and two songs by Cher Welcome to Burlesque and You Haven 't Seen the Last of Me . During an interview with a California journal , Cher commented about You Haven 't Seen the Last of Me , That song , for me , had a lot of meaning . It reminded me that I have to kind of move over . She also spoke about the track with Fresno Bee , Not that I 'm doing it gracefully , because you 'd have to pull me over kicking and screaming . In the United States , the song was released to adult contemporary radio station on January 15 , 2011 the first single from the soundtrack . In order to promote the song , several promotional remixes were made by Almighty , Dave Aude and StoneBridge . The remix EP , which contains uptempo dance versions of the track , was released onto iTunes Stores on November 24 , 2010 . The remix done by StoneBridge was released as a single on December 7 , 2010 . The song is also included in Cher 's 25th studio album , Closer to the Truth ( deluxe edition ) . Since its release , You Haven 't Seen the Last of Me was covered by American actor James Franco , the co host at the 83rd Academy Awards ( 2010 ) . Gregory Ellwood for Hitfix called the cover a great listen . CeCe Frey , a participant of the second season of U.S. television contest The X Factor also covered the track . Composition and critical reception Written by Diane Warren , You Haven 't Seen the Last of Me is a power ballad which lasts for a duration of 3 30 ( three minutes and thirty seconds ) . Composed in the key of F minor , it has a moderate slow tempo of 69 beats per minute . Cher 's vocals on the track span from the low note of Ab3 to the high note of D5 . Upon its release , critical response to You Haven 't Seen the Last of Me was favorable . Jim Farber for New York Daily News praised the track , calling it a show stopper with the tailor made and takes nothing away from the sweep of the tune or from the star 's to the rafters performance . Bill Lamp for About.com gave it a positive review , labeling it a mega power ballad . Frank Bruni for The New York Times commented that the song proclaims that she s far from over . Tina unk for Associated Content labelled it ultimate , while Ann Hornaday for The Washington Post picked You Haven 't Seen the Last of Me as well as Bound to You are the two power ballads that lands with such powerful force . Alissa LeClair for the website Movie Buzzers called the song is Cher 's peak throughout the movie and conveys how important Cher is both on screen and on the music charts , transcending any previous doubts that Cher was no longer relevant in her sixty fourth year . AFP of The Independent commented that the song has particular poignancy at this moment in her career . At the 68th Golden Globe Awards ( 2011 ) , You Haven 't Seen the Last of Me earned Warren a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song . It was also nominated for Best Song Written for Visual Media at the 54th Grammy Awards . Track listing Digital remixes EP Dave Aud Club Mix From Burlesque 7 15 Dave Aud Radio Mix From Burlesque 3 59 Dave Aud Dub Mix From Burlesque 6 26 Almighty Club Mix From Burlesque 7 12 Almighty Radio Mix From Burlesque 3 35 Almighty Dub Mix From Burlesque 7 15 StoneBridge Club Mix From Burlesque 6 51 StoneBridge Radio Mix From Burlesque 3 51 StoneBridge Dub Mix From Burlesque 5 32 StoneBridge Club Instrumental From Burlesque 6 51 Chart performance On January 20 , 2011 , You Haven 't Seen the Last of Me peaked at number one on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart . This made Cher the only act to have notched a number one single on a Billboard chart in each of the last six decades . By the end of 2011 , the single was the 33rd best performing dance single in the United States , according to Billboard . On October 25 , 2013 , the song spent its first week in the Australian Singles Chart at number 91 . Charts Release history
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3,447 | HMS Amphion was an Active class scout cruiser built for the Royal Navy before the First World War . Completed in 1913 , she was initially assigned to the First Fleet and became a destroyer flotilla leader in mid 1914 . When the war began , her flotilla was assigned to the Harwich Force . While patrolling on the first full day of the war , Amphion and her destroyers encountered and sank a German minelayer , SMS Knigin Luise , but not before she had laid many of her mines . While returning from patrolling the following morning , Amphion accidentally struck a mine on 6 August 1914 off the Thames Estuary and sank with the loss of 132 crewmen killed . She was the first ship of the Royal Navy to be sunk in the First World War . The wreck site is protected and may not be dived upon without permission from the Ministry of Defence . Design and description The Active class ships were the last class of turbine powered scout cruisers ordered by the Admiralty . These ships were intended to work with destroyer flotillas , leading their torpedo attacks and backing them up when attacked by other destroyers , although they quickly became less useful as destroyer speeds increased before the First World War . Amphion had a length between perpendiculars of 405 feet ( 123 . 4 m ) , a beam of 41 feet ( 12 . 5 m ) and a draught of 14 feet 6 inches ( 4 . 4 m ) . She displaced 3 , 340 long tons ( 3 , 394 t ) at normal load and 3 , 945 long tons ( 4 , 008 t ) at deep load . Her crew consisted of 289 officers and other ranks . The main armament of the Active class consisted of ten breech loading ( BL ) 4 inch ( 102 mm ) Mk VII guns . The forward pair of guns were mounted side by side on a platform on the forecastle , six were amidships , three on each broadside , and the two remaining guns were on the centreline of the quarterdeck , one ahead of the other . The guns fired their 31 pound ( 14 kg ) shells to a range of about 11 , 400 yards ( 10 , 400 m ) . Her secondary armament was four quick firing ( QF ) three pounder ( 1 . 9 in ( 47 mm ) ) Vickers Mk I guns and two submerged 18 inch ( 450 mm ) torpedo tubes . As scout cruisers , the ships were only lightly protected to maximise their speed . They had a curved protective deck that was one inch ( 25 mm ) thick on the slope and 0 . 5 inches ( 13 mm ) on the flat . Their conning tower was protected by four inches of armour . Construction and career Ordered as part of the 1910 Naval Programme , Amphion was laid down at Pembroke Dockyard 's No. 5 Slipway on 15 March 1911 and launched on 4 December by Mrs. Mundy , wife of the dockyard 's Captain Superintendent , Captain Geoffrey Mundy . She was completed in March 1913 and her first commander was Captain Frederic Dreyer with Lieutenant John Tovey as his First Lieutenant . Amphion was commissioned on 2 April and assigned to the 4th Battle Squadron of the First Fleet . A month later , the ship was assigned to the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron by 18 May . She remained with the squadron for nearly a year and was serving as the flotilla leader of the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla by 18 June 1914 . By the start of the First World War in August , Amphion and her flotilla was assigned to the Harwich Force , defending the eastern approaches to the English Channel , under the command of Captain Cecil H. Fox . In the morning of 5 August , Amphion and the 3rd Flotilla sortied into the North Sea to patrol the area between Harwich and the Dutch island of Terschelling for German activity . At 10 15 a ship in the black , buff , and yellow colours of the Great Eastern Railway 's steamers that plied between Harwich and the Hook of Holland was spotted . Fox sent the destroyers Lance and Landrail to investigate and shortly afterwards another destroyer reported that a trawler had seen a suspicious ship , ' throwing things overboard , presumably mines ' . Amphion led the flotilla to investigate and observed that the fleeing ship was deploying mines even then . At 10 45 , Lance opened fire at a range of 4 , 400 yards ( 4 , 000 m ) . The target was SMS Knigin Luise , a former Hamburg Heligoland excursion boat that had been converted to an auxiliary minelayer by the Germans . They had planned to mount a pair of 8 . 8 centimetre ( 3 . 5 in ) guns on board , but they did not have the time to do so her only armament was a pair of lighter guns and 180 mines . On the night of 4 August , she had departed Emden and headed into the North Sea to lay mines off the Thames Estuary , which she began at to do at dawn . The fire from the destroyers was ineffective until Amphion closed to a range of 7 , 000 yards ( 6 , 400 m ) and began hitting the German ship at about 11 15 . By noon , Knigin Luise was sinking and the three British ships rescued 5 officers and 70 ratings . The flotilla proceeded onwards with their patrol until they reached the Dutch coast around 21 00 and turned for home . Fox was uncertain as to the locations of the mines laid by Knigin Luise and laid a course that was seven nautical miles ( 13 km 8 . 1 mi ) west of where he thought the mines were . He guessed wrongly and led his flotilla over the danger area . At 06 35 , Amphion struck a mine that detonated underneath her bridge . The explosion set her forecastle on fire and broke the ship 's keel . The destroyer Linnet attempted to tow the cruiser , but a deep crack across her upper deck showed that she was hogging badly and Fox ordered his crew to abandon ship . Shortly afterwards , her forward magazine exploded , throwing one 4 inch gun into the air that narrowly missed Linnet . One of Amphion 's shells burst on the deck of the destroyer Lark , killing two of her men and the only German prisoner rescued from the cruiser . Amphion then rapidly sank within 15 minutes of the explosion losing 1 officer and 131 ratings killed in the sinking , plus an unknown number of the crew rescued from Knigin Luise . The wreck is a protected site under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 .
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3,448 | Santa Mara de la Cabeza castle is a colonial castle built in the seventeenth century by the Spanish monarchy in the center of the city of Cuman , Venezuela . It was built as a replacement for the San Antonio de la Eminencia castle . Its construction was ordered by Sancho Fernando de Angulo y Sandoval , governor of the Province of Cuman . The building was designed using the trace italienne style popular during the seventeenth century , with a proportional geometric floor design . Bastions were used as the main defensive elements . The castle housed a garrison of 250 soldiers , and was the seat of government for the Province of Cuman . Construction began in 1668 when Angulo y Sandoval 's predecessor , Juan de Urtarte , wrote a memorandum to the King of Spain stating that the San Antonio de la Eminencia castle was unfit for defense . Several years later ( and without proper authorization ) , Angulo y Sandoval began construction of a fortress that would be more useful for the defense of the city than the two existing fortifications . The castle underwent several renovations to repair damage caused by severe earthquakes . A 1684 quake severely damaged the castle and another in 1929 left the structure in ruins . The castle was declared a cultural and municipal asset in May 2005 . Description The Santa Mara de la Cabeza castle is a fortress built c . 1669 73 in the city of Cuman on the orders of Sancho Fernando de Angulo y Sandoval , governor of the Province of Cuman , as a replacement for the San Antonio de la Eminencia castle . It is located in the center of the city next to St. Agnes Church , about 400 metres ( 1 , 300 ft ) from the San Antonio castle , on a small hill . The castle is square with bastions ( designed by Angulo y Sandoval ) at its corners . It has been described as having minor defensive capability . The castle was built using the trace italienne style popular during the seventeenth century its floor has a geometric design , and bastions are the main defensive elements . However , unlike other permanent bastioned fortifications , its defensive walls were designed as two sections the lower part of the wall is vertical ( perpendicular to the base ) and the upper part , above the string course , is inclined inwards . This design makes the fort unique in Venezuela in most castles , the lower portion of the walls inclines outwards at the base and the upper parts are vertical ( perpendicular to the base ) . The primary material used to create the bricks for the castle was unk limestone ( a type of sedimentary rock composed of limestone and clay ) . The front of the castle is oriented to the east , and there was a ditch around the entire perimeter , including between the castle and the Plaza de Armas ( Weapons Square ) . As of 2008 the building had lost its parapets and shelters , but the main defensive structures and walls have been preserved . The fort housed a garrison of 250 soldiers , and was the residence of the governor of the Province of Cuman . Origins On 22 November 1668 , Don Juan de Urtarte ( governor of the province from 9 June 1668 to 26 July 1669 ) wrote a memorandum to the King of Spain stating that Fort Santiago was unfit for defense because of its round shape and its mud and stone construction . Several years later , Governor Don Sancho Fernando de Angulo y Sandoval began without authorization from the war council construction of a new fortress with the rationale that the San Antonio de la Eminencia castle did not meet the city 's defensive requirements , as it is located on a hilltop far from the city and the coast . The governor claimed that the castle also lacked a suitable water supply and accommodation for soldiers , and thus was unable to resist prolonged sieges . Unlike his predecessor Urtarte , who requested financing to supply and improve San Antonio , Angulo y Sandoval decided to build a new castle , one better able to defend the city than the two existing fortifications . The resulting fortress was called Santa Mara de la Cabeza the governor then requested that the two older structures be demolished . History On 4 May 1684 an earthquake devastated the city , severely damaging the Santa Mara castle . A road linking the Santa Mara de la Cabeza and San Antonio de la Eminencia castles was mentioned by Agustn unk in a 1777 proposal for the defense of the city . unk opposed the idea , but stated that if a road were built it should be a gravel one . The Santa Mara de la Cabeza castle was partially destroyed in a powerful earthquake felt throughout the state in 1797 . After an earthquake in 1853 , the reliquary enclosing an image of Nuestra Seora del Carmen ( Our Lady of Mount Carmel ) , originally situated at the Mount Carmel chapel , was moved to the Santa Mara de la Cabeza castle , where Santos unk built a new chapel in 1912 to protect the image it was later moved to St. Agnes Church . The ditch was filled in for construction of the Mount Carmel chapel and the deteriorated parapets were demolished . The original slopes and terraces present on Diaz Fajardo 's 1737 map were probably also buried in the process . The chapel in the castle was the final resting place for unk his remains , originally interred at Holy Trinity Cemetery ( which he had built ) , were exhumed and moved five years after his death . Between the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries , Cuman experienced an increase in population . The areas around the castles and the Manzanares River became densely populated . New buildings were constructed that were attached to the castle walls , completely closing off the perimeter and making direct access impossible . Another earthquake in 1929 left the structure in ruins and rendered it unusable . The offices of the seat of government for the Province of Cuman were moved elsewhere and the building was abandoned . The castle was declared a Cultural and Municipal Asset in May 2005 by the state Cultural Assets Institute . Gallery
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3,449 | Passenger is a song from Powderfinger 's third studio album Internationalist . It was released as a single on 9 August 1999 , and reached 30 on the Australian music chart . The single was nominated for Single of the year in 2000 at the Australian ARIA Music Awards . Passenger was also featured as the opening song performed by Powderfinger while supporting Crowded House 's Farewell to the World charity concert in November 1996 . Single release and history The single for Passenger included five companion tracks , including two live tracks . These were Passenger and Pick You Up , both performed on 11 October 1998 at Sydney Opera House . A version of These Days was also included , and this was the first time the song was released . Passenger was released on 9 August 1999 in Australia , and was one of two Powderfinger songs that were actively being played on commercial radio at the time the other being These Days , which also appeared on the soundtrack for Two Hands . At the time , Powderfinger were performing in clubs and universities around Australia on their P2K tour , and the release of the single resulted in a large boost in ticket sales . Song structure In Passenger , a recurring theme in Bernard Fanning s song writing emerged a fascination with the banality of routine . unk Magazine s unk Munro cited the lines So many places you d prefer to be Than framed by a picket fence and salary as an example of this , as well as examples from future songs These Days and My Kind of Scene . When asked about this , Fanning offered no direct explanation , saying it wasn t a conscious theme , but did suggest that it could be a part guilt complex because of his relatively care free lifestyle . In Passenger , the key signature is D major , however the verses begin with the G chord , while the choruses and outro are in the D major 's relative minor key , B minor . The song is a completely straight rock feel in the time signature of 4 4 . Passenger featured Brisbane trio Tiddas for the first time , providing backing vocals . Tiddas also accompanied Powderfinger live , although some of the elements of Passenger , such as the brass sections , were replicated using a keyboard . Powderfinger 's Drummer Jon Coghill described some elements of Passenger , including the horn section , as being based on the work of Elvis Presley , and his big band . Coghill said We tried to do it like Elvis would , in a big band arrangement . There are backing vocals , horns and a la la sound . Music video Powderfinger enlisted Brisbane based production company Fifty Fifty Films to direct and produce the music video for Passenger . This was the group 's first experience with Fifty Fifty , and its success encouraged the group to direct future videos . The video for Passenger begins with the band members packing themselves and their musical instruments into suitcases . They are transported to an airport while the song 's first verse is played . During the first chorus , the cases are loaded onto a baggage carousel with a bomb , whilst security personnel are distracted . The suitcases and bomb are then loaded onto an aeroplane . During the second verse , the bomb explodes , and the suitcases containing the band members fall out of it and are swallowed by an unnamed creature resembling a whale . They are later ejected from the blowhole of the creature into zero gravity , when the second chorus commences . At the end of the chorus , the suitcases re enter the Earth s atmosphere . The video ends with the suitcases floating in the ocean . Carmine unk , in an article about the band s P2K tour , wrote that Passenger was ... accompanied by an excellent video . Response Powderfinger s bass guitarist , John Collins , jokingly noted in an interview with Rod Yates of Massive Magazines that the guitars are out of tune at the start of Passenger , whilst guitarist Darren Middleton explained that there are not regrets with any of that sort of stuff , it s part of who we are and what we ve done , in reference to the out of tune guitars . Upon its release , Passenger was hailed as one of the songs on Internationalist to come close to the big FM radio hits of Double Allergic , according to lead singer Bernard Fanning . Not that it mattered to him he still believed Internationalist was a better record , but was probably not as likable as its predecessor . Juice 's Simon Wooldridge agreed with Fanning , stating that Passenger demonstrated their flair for the big hook was no longer being suppressed . On 2 August 2007 , Australian television station Max published the Top 500 90s Songs , placing Passenger as the only Powderfinger song in the top 100 , at 48 , just ahead of Fatboy Slim 's Praise You . Charts The single for Passenger achieved a peak position of 30 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart in 1999 . The single reached 33 in its first week , then reached its 30 peak in the second week and remained on the singles chart for eleven weeks . The single failed to chart outside of Australia . Awards As the final single from Internationalist , Passenger received nominations and awards from various institutions Australia wide . Most notably , it was nominated three times by the Australian Recording Industry Association in 2000 for the ARIA Music Awards for Best Cover Art , Single of the Year and earned Powderfinger the nomination for Best Group , though won none of these awards . The song was also nominated and did win the award for Song of the Year from the Australasian Performing Right Association for their annual APRA Awards . The song also achieved the 100th position on the 1999 Triple J Hottest 100 . Track listing All tracks written and performed by Powderfinger . Passenger 4 09 These Days 4 59 Passenger ( Live ) 4 41 Pick You Up ( Live ) 4 47 Maxwell 's Great Mistake 2 58 That Ol ' Track 3 47
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3,450 | A Benihana Christmas is the tenth and eleventh episode of the third season of the American comedy television series The Office , and the thirty eighth and thirty ninth episode overall . It was written by Jennifer Celotta and directed by Harold Ramis . The episode originally aired in the United States on December 14 , 2006 , on NBC . In the episode , Christmas time at the office leads to depression for Michael , when his girlfriend Carol ( Steve Carell 's wife , Nancy Walls ) breaks up with him . Michael , Andy , Dwight , and Jim then go to a local Benihana restaurant , where Michael and Andy find dates with two of the restaurant 's waitresses . Back at the office , after a conflict with a bossy Angela , Karen and Pam decide to create their own Christmas party . When the majority of the office decide to go to Karen and Pam 's party , Angela becomes upset , and seeing this , Karen and Pam decide to combine the parties . Soon after , Michael and Andy 's dates leave them , but Michael nevertheless finds someone to go to Jamaica with him . Synopsis Carol Stills ( Nancy Walls ) confronts Michael Scott ( Steve Carell ) about the Christmas card he sent her , in which he superimposed his head on the body of Carol 's former husband in a family photo . She breaks off the relationship , leaving Michael heartbroken and stuck with a pair of tickets to Jamaica . For the past several months , Pam Beesly ( Jenna Fischer ) has led Dwight Schrute ( Rainn Wilson ) to believe that he is being recruited by the CIA , and her gift to Jim Halpert ( John Krasinski ) is that he can choose Dwight 's first assignment . Jim declines the gift and claims that as the new office Number Two he shouldn 't be engaging in such activities , leaving Pam discouraged by a changed Jim . Andy Bernard ( Ed Helms ) takes Michael to Benihana ( an Asian Hooters according to Michael ) to help him forget his recent troubles Michael drags Dwight and Jim along . The group stumbles upon an unk couple ( Anne unk Stephen Saux ) at the table and Dwight fails when attempting to impress the chef with his knowledge of Japanese knives . Andy successfully isolates Dwight from the rest of the party and convinces Michael to ask out their waitress , Cindy ( Brittany Ishibashi ) . Meanwhile , Jim plays pranks on Dwight and realizes that his excuse for declining Pam 's gift doesn 't hold water . Angela Martin ( Angela Kinsey ) kicks Karen Filippelli ( Rashida Jones ) off the Party Planning Committee . In response , Pam reaches out to Karen , and the two plan a rival party . The rival Christmas parties begin , and the office staff members are forced to choose sides . Pam and Karen 's party is a hit , while Angela 's is a dreary affair . Michael and Andy each return with a waitress as their new girlfriend ( though neither is the one who waited on them at the restaurant ) . Angela accepts Pam 's offer to merge the parties . Oscar enters the office with his partner Gil just as Angela is singing The Little Drummer Boy , pauses for a moment , says , Too soon and leaves . Meanwhile , Michael is unable to tell the two waitresses apart . To remedy this , he surreptitiously marks his date 's arm with a Sharpie . When he offers to take her to Jamaica , she declines and says that she has to attend school , and the two waitresses leave the party because it blows . Jim consoles Michael by explaining that he just had a rebound relationship . Jim mentions that they 're fun for a while , but then you keep on thinking about the girl that broke your heart , implying he still thinks about Pam ( the girl who broke his heart ) . From his office , Michael makes a phone call and asks an unknown person to go to Jamaica with him . The offer is accepted . Pam is crushed when she sees Jim and Karen exchange gifts . Jim is crushed when he sees Roy give a gift to Pam . At the end of the day , Jim tells Pam that a helicopter will be arriving to take Dwight to a welcoming party at CIA headquarters in Langley , Virginia . As Dwight waits on the roof , he receives the text message You have been compromised . Abort mission . Destroy phone . Dwight throws his phone off the roof and walks away . Production A Benihana Christmas was directed by Harold Ramis and written by Jennifer Celotta . It was produced by Stephen Merchant , Ricky Gervais , Greg Daniels , Howard Klein , and Ben Silverman . The episode was shot in a real Benihana restaurant . According to the show 's prop master , different actresses were used because Andy and Michael failed to pick up the original waitresses , and settled for less attractive ones . At Paley Fest 2007 , Greg Daniels admitted that the joke failed due to poor casting . The waitresses that come to the office were supposed to be unattractive . Daniels stated that the actresses they hired for the role were too good looking . During filming , John Krasinski threw a shrimp across the table at Rainn Wilson . It bounced off Dwight 's glasses and landed in the glass of water he was about to drink . The producers chose not to use the footage because it looked so improbable as to be unbelievable . Reception A Benihana Christmas was first broadcast on December 14 , 2006 in the United States . According to estimates by the Nielsen Media Research 's the episode was watched by an estimated 8 . 44 million viewers . The episode earned a 3 . 9 11 ratings share among adults aged 18 to 49 , meaning that it was seen by 3 . 9 percent of all 18 to 49 year olds , and 11 percent of all 18 to 49 year olds watching television at the time of broadcast . Among that demographic , The Office finished in twenty first place for the week among all of the major networks . On the day that the episode first aired , it was the second most watched show of the night , behind only CBS 's Survivor Cook Islands . A Benihana Christmas was generally well received by critics . The episode was also given a 9 . 2 out of 10 rating by IGN . An IGN review stated
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3,451 | Songs of Experience is the second studio album by American composer and producer David Axelrod , released in October 1969 by Capitol Records . It was composed , arranged , and produced by Axelrod , who worked with session musicians such as guitarist Al Casey , drummer Earl Palmer , and conductor Don Randi . As with his 1968 debut album Song of Innocence , Axelrod composed musical interpretations of English poet William Blake 's Songs of Innocence and of Experience , an 18th century illustrated collection of poems . A jazz fusion album , Songs of Experience explores darker sounds than its predecessor , as the poems Axelrod drew on for inspiration dealt with the darker side of humanity . Its music was partly inspired by composer Gunther Schuller 's Third Stream concept . Axelrod composed Baroque orchestrations with rock , R B , pop , and folk music elements . Songs of Experience received retrospective acclaim from music critics , who found Axelrod 's compositions musically varied and innovative . Contemporary musicians praised it as a source for sampling in hip hop production . Some of its songs have been sampled frequently by hip hop artists and producers . In 2000 , the album was reissued by EMI . Background As he had on his 1968 debut album Song of Innocence , Axelrod composed musical interpretations of the works of English poet William Blake on Songs of Experience . He used eight poems from Blake 's Songs of Experience ( 1794 ) . The album 's gatefold featured Blake 's poems reprinted for each song and liner notes that stated , an anthology of awareness after birth ... based on the 18th century poems of William Blake . Blake 's poems began with the premise of birth and innocence , and explored themes of life experience , rite of passage , and changes of perspective in life . Composition A jazz fusion album , Songs of Experience was partly inspired by Gunther Schuller 's Third Stream concept , which fused American jazz with European classical music . Axelrod supported his Baroque orchestrations on the album with rhythms and melodies from rock , R B , and pop music . The album 's suite is more orchestral and less rock oriented than Song of Innocence . Its symphony is embellished with percussive sounds , British and Irish folk song elements , and stylistic innovations from contemporary arranger Gerald Wilson . With Songs of Experience , Axelrod explored darker sounds , as the poems he had chosen dealt with the darker side of humanity . For The Human Abstract , he used ascending piano , bass , and percussion instruments to evoke the ghost described in Blake 's poem . It is a bass driven , funky song that juxtaposes augmented sevenths strummed on an electric guitar against an acoustic piano and muted horns . According to music critic Thom Jurek , The Divine Image and A Little Girl Lost elicit feelings of majesty and pastoral sadness , respectively . London was recorded by Axelrod as a tone poem to reflect Blake 's opening stanza about the spiritual climate of London at the onset of the Industrial Revolution I wander thro ' each charted 'd street Near where the chart 'd Thames does flow And mark in every face I meet Marks of weakness , marks of woe . Release and reception Songs of Experience was released in October 1969 by Capitol Records on stereo LP . In a retrospective review , AllMusic 's Thom Jurek gave the album four and a half out of five stars and said that Axelrod succeeded in spades in his search for a sound that best exemplified not only his feelings but also the heady text he sought to sonically illustrate . Jurek felt that his compositions were diverse , lush , and able to resemble literature by using as much space as they do sound for dramatic and dynamic effect , and that Axelrod created original palettes for rock instrumentation through his complex use of the horn section 's various colors . unk George of the Los Angeles Times called it a prescient , genre defying solo project , and NME viewed it as a landmark album . Mojo cited the album , along with Song of Innocence , as Axelrod 's artistic peak and particularly praised The Human Abstract as beautiful and blank , evoking the view from Arthur Lee 's castle of an endless pale blue sky and the vast deathly city beneath it . Songs of Experience was reissued on CD in 2000 by EMI . Influence Songs from the album have been sampled frequently by hip hop producers and artists , including Black Moon , who sampled A Divine Image , and DJ Shadow , who sampled the luminous piano line from The Human Abstract on his 1996 song Midnight in a Perfect World . English hip hop producer unk called Songs of Experience one of his favorite sources for sampling music and said of the album in an interview for Hip Hop Connection You could sample everything on this record , and I think everyone already has . Axelrod is pretty much a sound library in himself the quality is amazing . American musician John McEntire ranked it third on his list of top five albums and called it early crate digger stuff . Great , funky rhythm section playing , crazy , overblown string arrangements . In a 2000 interview for The Wire , rapper and producer Mike Ladd viewed the song London as crazy stuff that deviates from the one dimensional rhythm loops of contemporary hip hop production and stated , This is definitely the kind of stuff I 'm planning to do for the next album , incorporate more fusion elements and stuff like that . This is a really good production . I like it because it 's little parts with gaps , which I don 't normally have . Somebody told me I should listen to Axelrod . This is one I 'm definitely going to buy I 'd like to do more stuff with complicated melodies , everybody playing together , drum breaks , things like that . Track listing All songs were composed , arranged , and produced by David Axelrod . Personnel Credits are adapted from the album 's liner notes .
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3,452 | ' 19 19 is the seventh episode of the second season of the American crime thriller television series Millennium . It premiered on the Fox network on November 7 , 1997 . The episode was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by Thomas J. Wright . 19 19 featured guest appearances by Kristen Cloke and Christian Hoff . Millennium Group offender profiler Frank Black ( Lance Henriksen ) investigates the abduction of a bus full of schoolchildren , requiring the help of fellow Group members Peter Watts ( Terry O 'Quinn ) and Lara Means ( Cloke ) as he tracks a man preparing for a third world war . 19 19 featured several minor guest stars who would later return to the series , as well as the second appearance by recurring actor Cloke . The episode was viewed by approximately 5 . 98 million households in its initial broadcast , and received a mixed response from television critics . Plot In Broken Bow , Oklahoma , Matthew Prine ( Christian Hoff ) intently watches several televisions simultaneously , scrawling his reactions across every inch of his floor . As he finishes writing , he experiences a vision of the future nuclear war and its barren aftermath . Later , Millennium Group offender profilers Frank Black ( Lance Henriksen ) and Peter Watts ( Terry O 'Quinn ) investigate the disappearance of a bus full of schoolchildren . They believe the driver was also a victim , and not responsible they meet with the local sheriff , John Cayce ( Steven Rankin ) , who has dredged the bus from a lake . It is empty , but inside , Black experiences the same vision as Prine . He also finds paint transfer on the exterior , indicating the perpetrator was driving a white van . A false positive results as police apprehend storm chasers in a different van , who warn that a violent tornado is approaching . Prine is behind the kidnapping , and forces the children and driver into an underground bunker . He and his accomplice count the hostages , realizing that there is one less child than they had anticipated . Black and Cayce realize this too , and race to the home of the child who had not taken the bus that morning . They arrive in time to apprehend Prine as he attempted to snatch the child , and take him into custody . Black believes Prine is not driven by malice he and Watts use the resources of the Millennium Group to find his home , discovering the dense writings across his floors . They learn that Prine believes a third world war is imminent , and took the children as he believes one of them is destined to bring peace during this time , wishing to protect this child when he learns which one it is destined to be . Black seeks aid from another Group member , Lara Means ( Kristen Cloke ) , who is able to observe Prine 's behavioural tells for clues when interviewing him . This , coupled with analysis of soil from his clothing , points to the children being held in an aluminium quarry . The investigators rush to the quarry , where Prine 's accomplice engages them in a firefight . However , the advancing tornado forces them to take cover it kills Prine and lifts the roof from the entombing bunker . It subsides as quickly as it arrived , and the children emerge safely from the wreckage Black senses that Cayce 's daughter may be the prophesied peacemaker . It turns out that the tornado destroyed the school where the children would have been if they weren 't abducted , and that Prine had saved their lives . Production 19 19 was written by frequent collaborators Glen Morgan and James Wong . The duo would pen a total of fifteen episodes throughout the series ' run . The pair had also taken the roles of co executive producers for the season . 19 19 was directed by Thomas J. Wright , who helmed a total of twenty six episodes across all three seasons . Wright would also go on to direct Millennium , the series ' crossover episode with its sister show The X Files . The episode features the second appearance of Kristen Cloke as Millennium Group member Lara Means . Cloke had first portrayed the character in Monster , and would last appear in the second season finale The Time Is Now . Several of the episode 's minor guest stars would appear again later in the series . Bill Marchant , who portrayed Prine 's accomplice , reappeared in an unrelated role in the third season episode Collateral Damage , while Kurt Evans , who played a sheriff 's deputy , resurfaced in Darwin 's Eye , also in the third season . Broadcast and reception 19 19 was first broadcast on the Fox network on November 7 , 1997 . The episode earned a Nielsen rating of 6 . 1 during its original broadcast , meaning that 6 . 1 percent of households in the United States viewed the episode . This represented approximately 5 . 98 million households , and left the episode the eighty fourth most viewed broadcast that week . The A.V. Club 's Todd VanDerWerff rated the episode a B , finding its final act to be powerful and entertaining . However , he believed that the episode suffered from a poor opening act , and was critical of what he saw as a poor performance by guest star Steven Rankin . Bill Gibron , writing for DVD Talk , rated the episode 3 out of 5 , feeling that the episode 's police procedural elements did not mesh well with its theological themes . Gibron felt that the plot 's resolution was overly contrived , but praised the chemistry between the lead actors , highlighting Henriksen and Cloke in particular . Robert Shearman and Lars Pearson , in their book Wanting to Believe A Critical Guide to The X Files , Millennium The Lone Gunmen , rated 19 19 three and a half stars out of five . Shearman felt the episode was a successful blend of the investigative plot structure used in the first season with the themes of religious eschatology introduced in the second season however , he believed that the plot ran out of steam by the final act , sacrificing engaging drama for accurate but dry psychology .
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3,453 | Flash Gordon is a science fiction television series based on the characters of the Alex Raymond created comic strip of the same name . Diverging from the storyline of the comics , the series set Flash , Dale Arden and Dr. Zarkov in the year unk . As agents of the Galactic Bureau of Investigation , the team travels the galaxy in their ship the Sky Flash , battling cosmic villains under the order of Commander Paul Richards . The series was filmed in West Berlin and Marseille as a West German , French and American co production by Intercontinental Television Films and unk . The series aired in syndication throughout most of the U.S. but also aired on the east coast on the DuMont Television Network . The series proved popular with American audiences and critical response , though sparse , was positive . Flash Gordon has garnered little modern critical attention . What little there is generally dismisses the series , although there has been some critical thought devoted to its presentation of Cold War and capitalist themes . Cast Steve Holland as Flash Gordon Irene Champlin as Dale Arden Joseph Nash as Hans Zarkov Henry Beckman as Commander Richards Production Universal Studios had held the production rights to Flash Gordon but allowed them to lapse . Former Universal executives Edward Gruskin and Matty Fox struck a deal with Flash Gordon owners King Features Syndicate to produce the first 26 episodes of the series . The series was produced by Gruskin and Wenzel Ldecke . Writers for Flash Gordon included Gruskin , Bruce Geller and Earl Markham . Episodes were directed by Wallace Worsley , Jr. and Gunther von Fritsch . Composers Kurt unk and Roger Roger provided much of the original music . Shooting began in May 1953 , with an abandoned beer hall in Spandau serving as the principal shooting location . Among the cast and crew , only the lead actors and director Worsley spoke English . Worsley would recall the production difficulties this caused No matter what galaxy we explored , everyone spoke with a German accent . The use of German actors who could not speak English required us to use a lot of close ups . I would stand behind the camera , correctly positioned for the actor 's look , and read his or her line the actor would then repeat the line , mimicking my pronunciation and emphasis . The series was budgeted at unk per episode on a three day per episode shooting schedule . Citing salary disputes , Worsley withdrew from the project after completing the first 26 episodes . Production was moved to Marseille under the direction of Gunther von Fritsch for the 13 final episodes . Preservation status Physical copies of two episodes , Escape Into Time ( October 8 , 1954 ) and The Witch of Neptune ( March 4 , 1955 ) , are held in the J. Fred MacDonald collection at the Library of Congress . A total of fourteen episodes are currently available in the public domain , both on various DVD releases and on websites such as the Internet Archive Episodes 1 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 36 , and 39 . Episodes Critical response and themes Variety noted that the series was from a technical standpoint up to the demands of the script and the average viewer probably won 't notice the differences in quality between this and home grown produce . Flash Gordon was immediately popular in the United States and continued to run in syndication into the early 1960s . Modern critical reaction to the series has been light but largely negative . The production values are frequently derided , with the series described as bargain basement . The televised series suffered in comparison to the earlier film serials with the television incarnation labeled vastly inferior , lacking good concepts and scripts and most of all , lacking Buster Crabbe , who was Flash Gordon . One positive comment notes Champlin 's portrayal of Dale Arden , who was transformed from the typical damsel in distress of the serials into a trained scientist and a quick thinker who often saved Flash and Zarkov from perishing . Film theorist Wheeler Winston Dixon , far from decrying the series for its production values , finds that the copious use of stock footage and the numerous exterior sequences shot in the ruins of the bombed out metropolis give Flash Gordon a distinctly ravaged look . He writes that its international origins give the series an interesting new cultural dimension , even a perceptible air of a split cultural identity . Dixon quotes German cultural historian Mark Baker , who writes of a particular scene from the episode The Brain Machine as emblematic of this cultural split . The scene uses stock footage of a June 17 , 1953 demonstration by East Berlin workers against the East German government . Soviet tanks opened fire on both demonstrators and bystanders , thus confirming East Germany 's status as a Soviet puppet state in the minds of West Germans . American viewers , Baker speculates , were probably unaware of the iconic power in West Germany of the images of fleeing East unk , which were used to illustrate a panic on Neptune . Dixon , noting the similarities between the ideals espoused by space operas like Flash Gordon , Captain Video and Rocky Jones , Space Ranger and American Cold War values , argues that such series were designed to instill those values into their young viewers . Flash Gordon , he writes , along with its fellow space operas , have a common , unifying theme peace in the universe can be achieved only by dangerous efforts and the unilateral dominance of the Western powers . This echoes the earlier critique of Soviet writer G. unk , who in the Soviet film journal Art of the Cinema had accused Gordon and other space faring characters of being the vanguard of a new and greater ' American imperialism ' . The ravaged look of the series , Dixon writes , underscores the real world stage on which the action of the space operas played .
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3,454 | Amateur Station Operator 's Certificate or unk is the examination that needs to be passed to receive an amateur radio licence in India . The exam is conducted by the Wireless and Planning and Coordination Wing ( WPC ) of the Ministry of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology . The examination is held in various cities in India on monthly or quarterly basis depending on the size of the city . The licence may be awarded to an individual or a club station operated by a group of licensed amateur radio operators . The first amateur radio operator was licensed in 1921 during the British rule . Partly due to low awareness among the general population and prohibitive equipment costs , the number of licensed amateur radio operators remained low for several decades . In 1970 , there were less than a thousand operators by 1980 , the number had risen to 1 , 500 . In 2000 , there were 10 , 000 operators and as of 2007 , there are more than 17 , 000 licensed users in India . History Licence categories Examination and syllabus The exam consists of two parts Part I Written Test Section I Radio Theory and Practice Section 2 Regulations Part II Morse Section 1 Morse Receiving and Sending ( Speed 5 words per minute ) Section 2 Morse Receiving and Sending ( Speed 12 words per minute ) The maximum number of marks that a candidate can secure is 100 . To pass the examination , a candidate must score a minimum of 40 ( 50 for Grade I ) in each written section , and 50 ( 55 for Grade I ) in aggregate for a pass . Radio theory and practice The Radio theory and practice syllabus includes eight unk The first unk is the elementary theory of electricity that covers topics on conductors , resistors , Ohm 's Law , power , energy , electromagnets , inductance , capacitance , types of capacitors and inductors , series and parallel connections for radio circuits . The second topic is the elementary theory of alternating currents . Portions include sinusoidal alternating quantities such as peak values , instantaneous values , RMS average values , phase electrical resonance , and quality factor for radio circuits . The syllabus then moves on to semiconductors , specifically the construction and operation of valves , also known as vacuum tubes . Included in this portion of the syllabus are thermionic emissions with their characteristic curves , diodes , unk and multi electrode valves and the use of valves as rectifiers , oscillators , amplifiers , detectors and frequency changers , stabilisation and smoothing . Radio receivers is the fourth topic that covers the principles and operation of TRF receivers and unk receivers , CW reception with receiver characteristics such as sensitivity , selectivity and fidelity Adjacent channel interference and image interference AGC and squelch and signal to noise ratio ( S R ) . Similarly , the next topic on transmitters covers the principles and operation of low power transmitters oscillators such as the Colpitts oscillator , Hartley oscillator , crystal oscillators , and stability of oscillators . The last three topics deal with radio propagation , aerials , and frequency measurement . Covered are topic such as wavelength , frequency , nature and propagation of radio waves ground and sky waves skip distance and fading . Common types of transmitting and receiving aerials such as Yagi antennas , and radiation patterns , measurement of frequency and use of simple frequency meters conclude the topic . Regulations Knowledge of the Indian Wireless Telegraph Rules and the Indian Wireless Telegraphs ( Amateur Service ) Rules are essential and always tested . The syllabus also includes international radio regulations related to the operation of amateur stations with emphasis on provisions of radio regulation nomenclature of the frequency and wavelength , frequency allocation to amateur radio service , measures to prevent harmful interference , standard frequency and time signals services across the world , identification of stations , distress and urgency transmissions , amateur stations , phonetic alphabets , and figure code are the other topics included in the portion . Also included in the syllabus are Q codes such as QRA , unk , unk , unk , unk , unk , unk , unk , unk , QRS , unk , unk , unk , unk , unk , unk , unk , unk , QSL , QSO , unk , unk , unk , unk , unk , unk , unk , unk , unk , and unk and CW abbreviations and prosigns such as AA , AB , AR , AS , C , CFM , CL , CQ , DE , K , unk , OK , R , TU , VA , WA , and WB . Morse The syllabus includes the following Morse code characters all alphabets , numbers , prosigns , and punctuations such as the full stop comma semi colon break sign hyphen and question mark . Receiving For Grade II , the test piece consists of a passage of 125 letters , five letters counting as one word . Candidates are required to copy for five minutes at the speed of five words per minute , international Morse signals from an audio oscillator keyed either manually or automatically . A short practice piece is sent at the prescribed speed before the start of the test . More than five errors disqualifies a candidate . For Grade I , the test piece consists of a passage of 300 characters letters , figures , and punctuations . The average words contain five characters and each figure and punctuation is counted as two characters . Candidates have to receive for five consecutive minutes at a speed of 12 words per minute . Sending For Grade II , the test piece consists of 125 letters , with five letters forming one word . Candidates are required to transmit by using a Morse key for five consecutive minutes at the minimum speed of five words per minute . A short practice piece is allowed before the test . Candidates are not allowed more than one attempt in the test . More than five uncorrected errors disqualifies a candidate . For Grade I , the speed sent is 12 words per minute . Fees
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3,455 | Nikephoros Phokas ( Greek unk ) , surnamed Barytrachelos ( unk , heavy neck Armenian unk a viz , Georgian unk Ts unk , wry neck ) , was a Byzantine aristocrat and magnate , the last major member of the Phokas family to try and claim the imperial throne . He was a son of the general Bardas Phokas the Younger and great nephew of Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas , and played an active role in his father 's failed rebellion against Basil II in 987 989 . After the death of his father , he sought and received Basil 's pardon . Nothing further is known of him until 1022 when , along with the general Nikephoros Xiphias , he launched another rebellion . The revolt gathered widespread support , but mistrust between the two leaders led to Phokas ' assassination by Xiphias on 15 August 1022 . The rebellion collapsed quickly after that . Life Nikephoros Phokas Barytrachelos was a son of the general Bardas Phokas the Younger , and had one older brother , Leo . In spring 970 , following the murder of Barytrachelos ' great uncle Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas by John I Tzimiskes , his father tried to raise a rebellion against the new regime in the family 's base at Cappadocia . Tzimiskes dispatched his lieutenant Bardas Skleros against Bardas Phokas . Skleros was able to lure away many of Phokas ' supporters , until he was forced to surrender . Although not explicitly mentioned in the sources , Nikephoros probably shared his father 's fortune , being exiled to the Aegean island of Chios with the rest of his family . Role in the revolts of Bardas Phokas and Bardas Skleros In 978 , after Tzimiskes ' death and the rise of Basil II to the throne , Bardas Phokas was recalled to lead the imperial forces against his old rival Bardas Skleros , who had rebelled and seized much of Asia Minor . After early reverses , the loyalist forces under Phokas proved victorious in spring 979 , forcing Skleros to flee to Byzantium 's eastern Muslim neighbours , finding refuge in the Buyid court at Baghdad . In 987 , however , Bardas Skleros was released from Baghdad and tried to raise another revolt . He contacted Bardas Phokas for a common undertaking against Basil II , but Phokas deceived and imprisoned Skleros , before finally launching his own uprising by proclaiming himself emperor in August September 987 . It is here that Nikephoros is named for the first time in the sources his father sent him to David III of Tao to secure military aid , and to confront the loyalist general Gregory Taronites , who had landed in the unk ' rear at Trebizond and had raised an army of Armenians in the eastern provinces . Nikephoros secured 1 , 000 Georgian soldiers from David and defeated Taronites , but soon after that news reached him of the death of his father at the Battle of Abydos on 13 April 989 . Bardas Phokas ' demise led to the immediate collapse of the rebellion the Georgians returned to their country , and Nikephoros ' troops dispersed to their homes . Nikephoros fled to the fortress of unk , where his mother resided and where the imprisoned Bardas Skleros was held . Along with his brother Leo , Nikephoros now supported Skleros ' candidacy as emperor , but the latter , old and weary , preferred to give up the struggle and submit to the emperor in exchange for leniency . Like Bardas Skleros , Nikephoros received a pardon , and was allowed to retain his privileges . Leo on the other hand tried to resist from his base at Antioch , but the city 's inhabitants surrendered him to Basil . Rebellion with Nikephoros Xiphias and death Nothing is heard of Nikephoros Phokas Barytrachelos until the summer of 1022 , when he conspired with the general Nikephoros Xiphias against Basil II , who since spring had been engaged in a campaign against the Georgian king George I. The two conspirators aimed to overthrow Basil and have one of them replace him , but the issue of who would have precedence was unresolved , and would lead to the rebellion 's quick downfall . Although Xiphias held the prestigious post of strategos of the Anatolic Theme and Phokas held no office but the title of patrikios , according to the report of the contemporary Christian Arab historian Yahya of Antioch , great numbers of aristocrats flocked to him due to his family 's influence , provoking Xiphias ' envy . The rebellion of the two men was particularly threatening to the emperor , as it took control over Cappadocia and threatened to cut off his rear and leave him stranded between two enemies . Indeed , the conspirators are said to have been in contact with George I for that purpose . Basil first withdrew to the safety of the fortress of unk , and according to John Skylitzes sent an envoy to the rebel leaders aiming to sow distrust between them , while according to Yahya the emperor appointed as the new governor of the Anatolic Theme Theophylact Dalassenos and sent him to suppress the revolt . Whether the envoy accomplished his task is unknown , but on 15 August 1022 , Xiphias arranged a meeting with Phokas , where the latter was murdered by one of Xiphias ' servants . Armenian sources however report , rather dubiously , that Phokas was killed by the former king of Vaspurakan , Senekerim Hovhannes , or his son David , or one of their followers . The severed head was sent to Basil , who mounted it on a stake and put it on public display at unk . Following the death of Phokas , the rebellion collapsed , and Xiphias was arrested and forced to become a monk . Released from the threat to his rear , Basil II swiftly and decisively defeated George I , and imposed his terms on him . The other supporters of the uprising were imprisoned and released in 1025 , after the death of Basil II and the succession of his younger brother , Constantine VIII . In 1026 , however , Constantine VIII accused the last surviving member of the once great family , Bardas Phokas ( possibly a son or nephew of Nikephoros Barytrachelos ) , of plotting against the throne , and had him blinded .
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3,456 | Ronald Marc George ( born March 11 , 1940 ) is the retired 27th Chief Justice of California , where he headed the Supreme Court of California and the Judicial Council of California . Governor Pete Wilson appointed George as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court in 1991 and elevated George to Chief Justice in 1996 . Education and early career Ron George grew up in Beverly Hills , the son of a Hungarian immigrant mother and French immigrant father . A 1957 graduate of Beverly Hills High School , George earned his B.A. from Princeton University in 1961 and his J.D. from Stanford Law School in 1964 . Upon graduating from Stanford , George was a Deputy California Attorney General from 1965 1972 . As a Deputy Attorney General , he argued unsuccessfully on behalf of the State of California before the United States Supreme Court in Chimel v. California in 1969 . The following year , he again represented California before the U.S. Supreme Court , this time successfully defending the death penalty in unk v. California . In 1971 , he represented California as an amicus curiae in support of the successful argument of the State of Illinois in Kirby v. Illinois . In 1972 , his final year as a Deputy Attorney General , George unsuccessfully argued in favor of the death penalty before the California Supreme Court in California v. Anderson but was successful in defending the conviction of Sirhan Sirhan in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy , a U.S. Senator and 1968 presidential candidate . The ruling in California v. Anderson resulted in the dismissal of Aikens v. California as moot George was to have represented the State of California in this case . Early judicial career Governor Ronald Reagan appointed George as a Judge of the Los Angeles Municipal Court on April 20 , 1972 . George was elected to a full six year term on November 2 , 1976 . Governor Jerry Brown appointed him to the Los Angeles County Superior Court on December 23 , 1977 George was elected to a full six year term on November 7 , 1978 , and re elected on November 6 , 1984 . As a Superior Court judge , George presided over the trial of Hillside Strangler Angelo Buono in 1981 1983 . George also presided over the trial of Marvin Gay , Sr. for the slaying of Gay 's son , the singer Marvin Gaye . George was lauded for his extremely unusual decision to deny the motion by Los Angeles County District Attorney 's office to dismiss all 10 counts of murder against Buono . However , his unusual decision was speculated to be a result of his earlier decision to separate crucial counts of rape and sodomy , which in themselves would serve as evidence against the defendant , from the murder charges . The prosecutors felt the evidence against Buono was so weak that it did not justify even an attempt to win at trial . Judges rarely second guess the prosecutors ' judgment on such a matter ( and George stated that he was loath to do so ) . However , George 's review of the evidence in the case caused him to feel so strongly that the prosecutors were in error that he did exactly that . George reassigned the case to the California Attorney General 's office , and that office successfully convicted Buono on nine of the 10 counts . Thus , it was recognized that the judge , through his action to deny the earlier motion to dismiss , had ultimately prevented a serial killer from going free . Oddly , Los Angeles County District Attorney John Van de Kamp had been elected California Attorney General in the middle of the lengthy trial , so a Van de Kamp led District Attorney 's office attempted to dismiss the unwinnable case only to have a Van de Kamp led Attorney General 's office win nine convictions in the case . Governor George Deukmejian appointed him to the California Second District Court of Appeal on July 23 , 1987 . George was confirmed and sworn in on August 27 , 1987 , and was elected to a full twelve year term on November 6 , 1990 . Supreme Court Governor Pete Wilson appointed Justice Ron George to the California Supreme Court on July 29 , 1991 . George was confirmed and sworn in as an Associate Justice on September 3 , 1991 . California voters elected him to a full twelve year term on November 8 , 1994 . Wilson appointed George as the 27th Chief Justice of California on March 28 , 1996 . George was confirmed and sworn into office on May 1 , 1996 . He was elected to a full twelve year term on November 3 , 1998 , with 75 . 5 percent of the vote . George was occasionally floated as a candidate for justice of the United States Supreme Court as a conservative acceptable to Democrats , such as when Democratic United States Senator Barbara Boxer suggested George as a potential nominee for the seat on the Court vacated by Sandra Day O 'Connor 's retirement . Boxer described both George and his fellow California Supreme Court Justice Kathryn unk , as Republicans who reflect the spirit of Sandra Day O 'Connor 's tenure independent and unk . In 2008 , Justice George authored the opinion in the Supreme Court 's 4 3 ruling in In re Marriage Cases legalizing same sex marriage in California . Citing the court 's 1948 decision legalizing interracial marriages , George 's opinion found that sexual orientation is a protected class like race and gender , meaning that attempts to ban same sex marriage would be subject to strict scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause of the California Constitution . It was the first state high court in the country to do so . Voters would overturn the decision less than six months later by passing Proposition 8 in the November 2008 elections . However , Proposition 8 would itself be later overturned by a Federal Court in Perry v. Schwarzenegger and In Re Marriage Cases reinstated as valid constitutional law in California . On July 14 , 2010 , Justice George announced he would not seek to be re elected in 2010 and would therefore retire at the end of his term January 2 , 2011 . He was succeeded by Tani unk unk .
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3,457 | Pepsiman ( Japanese unk , Hepburn unk ) is an action video game developed and published by KID for the PlayStation on March 4 , 1999 , in Japan . It is based on Pepsi 's superhero mascot with the same name , and focuses the player on avoiding obstacles by running , dashing , and jumping , while Pepsiman automatically runs forward through each of the game 's stages . The game was made on a low budget this prompted the decision to make videos in between stages that show an American man drinking Pepsi , as they were cheap to produce . The game also features 3D cutscenes , which the future visual novel writer Kotaro Uchikoshi created 3D models for . While an American publisher did look into acquiring the rights to publish the game in the United States , it remained a Japan exclusive game in the end . Reviewers frequently compared the game to other games , including Crash Bandicoot , and commented on its simplicity and its price , which was thought to be low . A writer for Complex included it on a list of company branded games that didn 't suck , commenting that it is not a bad game as long as the player can tolerate the large amount of advertisement in it , while a reviewer of Destructoid said that the game was funny but not great , calling it charmingly brain dead . According to Uchikoshi , the game did not sell well . Gameplay Pepsiman is an action game that consists of four stages , each divided into smaller segments , and each involving the superhero Pepsiman saving a person who is in need of a drink , such as a military man in the middle of a desert , by giving them a can of Pepsi . The stages are all based on real locations , such as San Francisco and the Tokyo subway . The game is played from a third person perspective , with Pepsiman automatically running forwards through the stage , sometimes running through people 's living rooms . The player aims to dodge obstacles , such as cars , construction cranes , and people , as well as Pepsi branded obstacles , including a Pepsi truck . The player does this by using four different moves running , dashing , jumping , and super jumping . The player gains points by collecting Pepsi cans . In some stages , Pepsiman 's head becomes stuck inside a steel drum , which inverts the controls , and in some , he uses a skateboard . Throughout each stage is a number of checkpoints if the player gets hit by obstacles too many times , they have to restart from the latest checkpoint . Each stage ends with Pepsiman being chased by an object , including a giant Pepsi can . In between stages , the player is shown videos of an American man drinking Pepsi and eating chips and pizza while watching television . Background and development Pepsiman is based on Pepsi 's mascot with the same name , which was created by comic book artist Travis Charest for Pepsi 's Japanese branch . The character was featured in commercials in Japan , and in the Japanese version of the video game Fighting Vipers , and became popular in Japan . Following this , Pepsi decided to further promote the character with a video game . The game was developed by the Japanese video game developer KID . It was made on a low budget , which led to the decision to make the low cost video scenes of the American man drinking Pepsi . The game also used 3D event scenes , which were modeled by Kotaro Uchikoshi , who would later be a scenario writer for visual novels at KID . This was Uchikoshi 's first job he had been hired to plan video game adaptations of board games , but ended up being part of the development of Pepsiman instead , which was already in progress when he joined KID in 1998 . The game was released in Japan by KID for the PlayStation on March 4 , 1999 while an American publisher was looking into acquiring the rights to publish the game in the United States , it remained Japan exclusive . Despite this , the game is entirely in English , not Japanese . According to Uchikoshi , the game did not sell well . Reception Writers for Famitsu called the game super simple , comparing it to Metro Cross and Paperboy , and calling it a simplified version of Crash Bandicoot . Others have made similar comments . A reviewer for IGN also compared it to Crash Bandicoot , described the gameplay as simplistic and rote memorization based , and said that the thing the game would be remembered for was its extremely bizarre premise . They still felt that the game was not bad , and that it was worth the price , which they noted was low . James Mielke at GameSpot called the game a nifty little distraction , and said that the gameplay was similar to the old school gaming dynamics of yesteryear . He commented on the low price , but said that it was difficult to find imports of it . In 2011 , Allistair Pinsof at Destructoid reviewed the game , calling it a mix between Paperboy and Muscle March in terms of the complexity and pace , and compared the gameplay to Crash Bandicoot . He found it to be such a gloriously twisted , charming spectacle that it would be difficult not to like it he said that the main reason to play the game is the sheer lunacy of it , saying that the game is obsessed with America , and portrays Americans as unhygienic hillbillies in a manner that makes it unclear if it is a self aware parody or not . He concluded that the game is funny , but not great , and that the ridiculous premise and its large amount of small details make the game charmingly brain dead . In 2013 , Justin unk at Complex included the game in a list of company branded video games that didn 't suck , saying that while the game 's graphics had not aged well , it was mechanically very similar to Temple Run , which unk called his favorite iOS game . He concluded that Pepsiman is not a bad game for people with quick reflexes , as long as they can stand the high amount of advertising within the game he claimed that Pepsiman was the advergame with the largest amount of logos per second .
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3,458 | NSB Class 93 ( Norwegian NSB type 93 ) is a tilting two carriage diesel multiple unit used by Norwegian State Railways ( NSB ) for passenger trains on non electrified stretches of the Norwegian railway network . Used on the Nordland Line , the Rros Line and the Rauma Line , they were purchased to replace the aging Di3 locomotive hauled trains . The Class 93 was produced by Bombardier , and is part of the Talent family . Fifteen units were delivered between 2000 and 2002 . Powered by two Cummins diesel engines with a combined output of 612 kW ( 821 hp ) , the trains are capable of speeds of 140 km h ( 87 mph ) . The trains entered service as part of the Agenda regional train concept . However , the technical problems to which the units have been prone and a cramped interior design have made them unpopular among riders . In 2007 , the units were replaced by locomotive hauled trains on some services on the Nordland Line . History During the mid 1990s , NSB had initiated a program to replace the traditional locomotive and carriage trains with new , tilting multiple units . This had led to the order of sixteen Class 73 four car units for the three mainline routes on the Bergen , Dovre and Srland Lines . To supplement this , on 14 November 1996 the board of NSB decided to purchase seven tilting diesel multiple units for the Rros and Rauma Lines . In particular , the aging Di3 locomotives would be retired within five years , and NSB was reluctant to purchase new diesel locomotives for passenger trains . The failure of the unk , which were returned to the manufacturer Siemens , further motivated NSB to avoid locomotive hauled trains . Three bids were submitted by the deadline of 1 April 1997 , and the contract with Talbot , which had just been bought by Bombardier , was finalized on 27 November 1997 . By this time the order had been extended to eleven units , which are variations of the Talbot Talent . Before delivery a further four units were purchased , so the trains could operate all the services on the Nordland Line , replacing most of the locomotive hauled day trains . Only the night train would remain locomotive hauled . The Class 93 was put into service as part of the Agenda regional train concept . Along with the Class 70 InterCity Express trains in Eastern Norway , the Class 93 would serve the regional services of NSB . Trains were initially put into service in 2000 on the Nordland Line , followed by the Rauma and Rros Line . The trains had several operational problems , some related to humidity , creating situations where the both engines would stop . This caused NSB in 2002 to demand an interior and technical reconfiguration by Bombardier . One year after delivery , six of eleven trains were out of order . To solve the problem , NSB had to rent back used Di3 locomotives from Ofotbanen . NSB had chosen to sell the old locomotives for less than market price , but Ofotbanen demanded that NSB pay the entire purchase price for the short term rental back . The brand name Agenda failed , since customers were dissatisfied with the new stock , and NSB chose to discontinue the branding , just calling all former Agenda and Signatur trains regional trains . On the Rauma Line , the units are used as feeders between the Oslo Trondheim express trains on the Dovre Line , connecting Dombs to ndalsnes . On the Rros Line , the trains are used both on the Hamar Rros and the Rros Trondheim section . On the Nordland Line , the Class 93 serves both the Ole Tobias service between Trondheim and Mo i Rana . The unit was considered for use on the Merker Line as well , but this has continued to be operated by Class 92 units . The initial plan was that eight of the eleven units were needed for daily operations . Four on the Rros Line , two on the Nordland Line and two on the Rauma Line . The additional four units were needed for operating the Trondheim Bod trains on the Nordland Line , of which three would be used at any one time . Double units ( four cars ) are sometimes operated on the Trondheim Mo i Rana train , as are the Friday and Sunday afternoon trains on the Rauma Line , for exchange of equipment , and to handle the increased traffic on these days . In addition , NSB uses the trains on the commuter services Bod Fauske Rognan and Mo i Rana Mosjen . In 2007 , the Trondheim Bod service was again operated by Di 4 locomotive hauled trains . This is the longest rail service in the country , and customers were dissatisfied with the comfort of the Class 93 , despite the higher permitted speeds . During May and June 2012 all NSB Class 93 trains were fitted with free wireless Internet access for passengers Specifications The Class 93 is a double car diesel multiple unit with a built in tilting mechanism to allow faster speeds on conventional track . A double car is 38 . 21 m ( 125 . 4 ft ) long , 2 . 92 m ( 9 . 6 ft ) wide and 3 . 97 m ( 13 . 0 ft ) high . Empty weight is 77 t ( 76 long tons 85 short tons ) . The body is built in modular stainless steel , with the bottom , sides and top bolted together . There are two Cummins unk R diesel engines , with a combined power of 612 kW ( 821 hp ) . The displacement is 14 l ( 850 cu in ) full power is achieved at 1 , 500 revolutions per minute . There is a five stage gear box , and a fuel capacity of two tanks each of 1 , 140 l ( 250 imp gal ) . There are three bogies ( sets of wheels ) , of which the ends are powered . Maximum speed is 140 km h ( 87 mph ) . The tilting mechanism allows 5 degree tilting of the entire frame . The interior is in red and wood . The central part , including both doors on each side , are on a low floor section , while the area at the front is higher . The original seating configuration was for 88 seats , but due to customer complaints about lack of seat pitch , NSB has reconfigured the trains in 2006 to 76 seats . Trains are equipped with vending machines for simple refreshments . Garbage is recycled in three categories .
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3,459 | Realty Bites is the ninth episode of the The Simpsons ' ninth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 7 , 1997 . The episode sees Marge becoming a real estate agent , while Homer enjoys Snake 's car . It was written by Dan Greaney and directed by Swinton O. Scott III . This episode has the final speaking appearance of Lionel Hutz , five months before the death of Phil Hartman . The episode 's development grew out of a desire by the writers to do a show focused on Marge , where her job did not work out . The episode received positive mention in the book I Can 't Believe It 's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide , and is featured in the special 2003 DVD release The Simpsons Risky Business . Plot Homer drags Marge to a police seized property auction . While there , he buys Snake 's car , the Li 'l Bandit . Upon seeing this , Snake vows to kill Homer . After the auction , Marge encounters Lionel Hutz , who has become a realtor . Marge decides to try the job for herself and begins to work for Hutz at Red Blazer Realty . She tells prospective buyers her honest opinion about the houses she shows them . Due to her honesty , Marge does not sell any homes . Hutz tells her to use more positive descriptions when selling the houses , and also tells Marge if she does not sell a house in the first week , she will be fired . Marge tries to bend the truth , but fails as she just cannot lie to others . Marge does not disclose the entire truth of the house she sells to Ned Flanders and his family , which had been the site of a multiple homicide . The Flanders purchase the house and bid farewell to the Simpsons . Meanwhile , Snake escapes from the prison and jumps into the Li 'l Bandit to get the car back from Homer . They start fighting each other to gain control of the moving car , and Chief Wiggum starts chasing them . Feeling guilty about her deception and concerned for the Flanders ' safety , Marge goes to check on them at their new house . There , she tells them the truth about the murders , but they are not annoyed . Ned and Maude are pleased to be a part of Springfield 's history , and refuse Marge 's offer of returning the deposit . Unfortunately , the house is destroyed seconds later when Li 'l Bandit and Wiggum 's police car crash through the house . Marge returns Flanders ' down payment . Hutz , irritated at the damage costs and especially by the return of the money , fires Marge . At the end of the episode , Homer takes Marge to the government unemployment office to collect a welfare check . Production The writers wanted to do a Marge episode , but one where her job does not work out , unlike previous episodes . The episode marks the first appearance of Gil Gunderson , voiced by Dan Castellaneta , and Cookie Kwan , voiced by Tress MacNeille . Excuses were made by the writers to bring back Gil in future episodes based on Castellaneta 's performance at the table read , which proved popular with the staff . Snake 's prison number is unk , the production code of The War of the Simpsons , the episode in which he first appeared . The piano wire scene was meant to end with Kirk 's sandwich being sliced just the way he wanted , until George Meyer suggested that his arm be cut off instead . Mike Scully described the ensuing laughter at his suggestion as the most intense he had ever heard from the staff , saying They were literally choking because the joke was so unexpected . It was a shocked kind of laugh , and it just started rolling , one of those laughs that build the more they reverberate through you . In the unemployment line , the unemployment recipient with the bucket hat and the beard is a caricature of George Meyer . Due to Phil Hartman 's death , the recurring characters of Lionel Hutz and Troy McClure were retired . As such , this episode is the last speaking appearance of Hutz , with him only being featured as a background character in some future episodes . McClure 's final appearance would be in Bart the Mother , the third episode of season ten . Cultural references The title of the episode is an allusion to the 1994 movie Reality Bites . Gil Gunderson is based on Jack Lemmon 's portrayal of Shelley Levene in the 1992 film Glengarry Glen Ross . At one point in the episode , Snake sets up a wire across a road to decapitate Homer as he drives by . The wire is supplied by Acme , after the brand of equipment used by Wile E. Coyote to try and stop Road Runner in the Looney Tunes cartoons . When Ned Flanders explains to Marge that they were painting Todd 's room red , Todd starts saying Red room , red room and moves his finger , like the character of Danny does in the film The Shining . When Lionel Hutz reads the list of wrecked items to Marge , it is a tribute to the Lethal Weapon movies . The newspaper front page reporting the Jealous Jockey Murders carries the statement Mrs. Astor safe beneath the headline . This is a reference to the front page of The New York Times on April 15 , 1912 , reporting the sinking of the RMS Titanic three days earlier whilst assuring that Ismay safe , Mrs. Astor maybe . Reception In its original broadcast , Realty Bites finished 21st in ratings for the week of December 1 7 , 1997 , with a Nielsen rating of 10 . 8 , equivalent to approximately 10 . 6 million viewing households . It was the third highest rated show on the Fox network that week , following The X Files and King of the Hill . The authors of the book I Can 't Believe It 's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide said , A simple but enjoyable romp , with the final few minutes in the Murder House particularly funny . Best thing though is the introduction of the hapless Gil , destined to always be a ray of light in any episode The episode is featured in a special 2003 DVD compilation called The Simpsons Risky Business , along with Marge Gets a Job , Deep Space Homer , and Homer the Smithers .
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3,460 | Chroogomphus vinicolor , commonly known as the wine cap Chroogomphus or the pine spike , is a species of mushroom in the family unk . Found in North America and the Dominican Republic , mushrooms grow on the ground under pine trees . Fruit bodies have reddish brown , shiny caps up to 7 . 5 cm ( 3 . 0 in ) wide atop tapered stems up to 7 . 5 cm ( 3 . 0 in ) long . The gills are thick , initially pale orange before turning blackish , and extend a short way down the length of the stem . Although the mushroom is edible , and sold in local markets in Mexico , it is not highly rated . Distinguishing this species from some other similar Chroogomphus species is difficult , as their morphology is similar , and cap coloration is too variable to be a reliable characteristic . C. vinicolor is differentiated from the European C. rutilus and the North American C. ochraceus by the thickness of its unk walls . Taxonomy The species was first described as Gomphidius vinicolor in 1898 by American mycologist Charles Horton Peck , based on specimens collected near Lake Mohonk in Ulster County , New York . Peck noted a resemblance to Gomphidius roseus , which he thought was closely related . It was transferred to the newly created genus Chroogomphus by Orson K. Miller , Jr. in 1964 . Molecular analysis of internal transcribed spacer DNA sequences shows that C. vinicolor groups in a clade with the closely related C. jamaicensis and C. unk . All of these species feature darkly amyloid flesh and thick walled cystidia . Based on this analysis , Miller considered C. jamaicensis to be insufficiently distinct genetically from C. vinicolor to warrant designation as a separate species however , as of 2012 , both MycoBank and Index Fungorum list it as a valid species . The specific epithet vinicolor means wine colored . It is commonly known as the wine cap Chroogomphus or the pine spike . Description The fruit body of C. vinicolor has caps that are initially conical to convex before later flattening out , sometimes developing a small umbo , or a central depression the caps measure 2 10 cm ( 0 . 8 3 . 9 in ) wide . Its color is highly variable , ranging from wine red to reddish brown to orange brown or yellow brown . Wine red stains develop where the surface has dried or become rotten . The smooth cap surface is shiny , somewhat sticky when wet , and often radially streaked . The flesh is thick and orangish to ochraceous in color its taste and odor have been variously described as not distinctive or pleasant . The thick gills are decurrent ( attached to and extending a short ways down the stem ) , well spaced , ochraceous buff to pale orange when young , but turning to blackish after the spores mature . In his original description , Peck noted that the gills , when viewed with a hand lens , appear velvety due to the abundant spores . The fruit bodies are initially covered with a thin , web like partial veil that soon disappears as the cap expands . The cylindrical stem measures 2 . 5 15 cm ( 1 . 0 5 . 9 in ) long by 0 . 2 2 cm ( 0 . 1 0 . 8 in ) thick , and taper towards the base . It is ochraceous to wine red or reddish brown with a dry , smooth to fibrillose surface . The partial veil sometimes leaves an indistinct , thin fibrous ring on the upper stem . The spore print is greyish black . Spores are narrowly elliptical to spindle shaped , smooth , and measure 17 23 by 4 . 5 7 . 5 m . The cystidia are somewhat spindle shaped or narrowly club shaped , and measure 112 164 by 13 20 m . They have characteristically thick walls , up to 7 . 5 m wide in the middle portion . Although the mushroom is edible , and is often free of insect damage , it is not highly recommended , except as fillers to include with the more flavorful species . The flavor may improve with drying . C. vinicolor mushrooms are sold in local markets at unk del Volcan in the state of Morelos , Mexico . There is a report of this species causing a contact sensitivity , in which an individual who had handled the mushroom developed a burning sensation in the eyes and an itchy rash on the eyelid after rubbing the eyes . Similar species Two other Chroogomphus species with a morphology and coloration similar to C. vinicolor include C. rutilus and C. ochraceous . C. vinicolor is most reliably distinguished from these on the basis of having thick walled cystidia ( up to 5 7 . 5 m at the widest part ) . The other two species have been separated on the basis of color , with C. ochraceous having brighter colors ( yellowish orange to ochraceous ) than C. rutilus . Molecular analyses of European and North American collections suggest that C. rutilus is restricted to Europe , C. ochraceous only occurs in North America , and that cap coloration cannot be reliably used for species determination . Another nearly identical species is C. jamaicensis , found in the Dominican Republic , Jamaica , and the Greater Antilles . It is distinguished microscopically by its slightly smaller spores measuring 17 20 by 4 . 5 6 m , cystidia with more uniformly thickened walls up to 5 m thick , and cuticular hyphae that measure 2 5 m wide . The fruit bodies of C. unk are more robust , with wooly or scaly reddish stems up to 5 cm ( 2 . 0 in ) thick . Further , this species tends to produce spore prints that are greener than those of C. vinicolor . Habitat and distribution The mycorrhizal fungus sometimes fruits singly , but more often in scattered or groups on the ground under pines and other conifers . Fruiting usually occurs in the cooler weather of later summer and autumn . In coastal California , however , fruiting occurs in winter . It is often found near Suillus luteus and Suillus brevipes , and is known to parasitize the mycelium of both those and the truffle like Rhizopogon species . Chroogomphus vinicolor has a widespread range in North America , extending south to Mexico . It has also been recorded from the Dominican Republic .
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3,461 | The 97th Boat Race took place on 24 and 26 March 1951 . Held annually , the Boat Race is a side by side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames . After Oxford sank in the first race held on 24 March , a re row was ordered by the umpire and took place two days later . It was the first time one of the crews had sunk during the race since the 1925 race . In a race umpired by former Oxford rower Gerald Ellison , Cambridge won the re row by twelve lengths in a time of 20 minutes 50 seconds , taking the overall record in the event to 53 43 in their favour . Background The Boat Race is a side by side rowing competition between the University of Oxford ( sometimes referred to as the Dark Blues ) and the University of Cambridge ( sometimes referred to as the Light Blues ) . First held in 1829 , the race takes place on the 4 . 2 mile ( 6 . 8 km ) Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London . The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities it is followed throughout the United Kingdom and , as of 2014 , broadcast worldwide . Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions , having won the 1950 race by a three and a half lengths , with Cambridge leading overall with 52 victories to Oxford 's 43 ( excluding the dead heat of 1877 ) . Cambridge were coached by W. T. Arthur ( who rowed for the Light Blues in the 1950 race ) , Roy Meldrum ( a coach for Lady Margaret Boat Club ) , James Owen and H. R. N. Rickett ( who rowed three times between 1930 and 1932 ) . Oxford 's coaches were T. A. Brocklebank ( who had rowed for Cambridge three times between 1929 and 1931 and who had also coached the Light Blues in the 1934 race ) , J. L. Garton ( who had rowed for the Dark Blues in the 1938 and 1939 races ) and J. A. MacNabb ( who rowed for Cambridge in the 1924 race ) . The race was umpired for the first time by former Oxford rower and Bishop of Willesden Gerald Ellison who had competed in the 1932 and 1933 races . The Light Blues were considered to be firm favourites , yet the rowing correspondent for The Times suggested that the outcome is anything but certain . The rowing correspondent writing in The Manchester Guardian stated that if Oxford to day can make the most of their superiority in weight and good fighting spirit the race is by no means lost to them . Crews The Oxford crew weighed an average of 13 st 0 . 5 lb ( 82 . 6 kg ) , 9 pounds ( 4 . 1 kg ) per rower more than their opponents . Cambridge saw four rowers return with Boat Race experience , including their number six Charles Lloyd and stroke David Jennens . Oxford 's crew contained three rowers who had taken part in the previous year 's race . Five of Cambridge rowers were studying at St John 's College , thus rowed for Lady Margaret Boat Club under the supervision of Meldrum . Three participants in the race were registered as non British . Oxford 's number two A. J. Smith was Australian while their cox G. Carver was American Cambridge 's Lloyd was also Australian . Race Oxford won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station , handing the Middlesex side of the river to Cambridge . Umpire Ellison started the race at 1 45 p.m , with a strong wind blowing against the tide , creating sizeable waves . Oxford had already taken onboard a considerable amount of water from their row to the unk and had opted for less physical protection against the inclement conditions than their opponents . Both crews started at a relatively low stroke rate to cater for the conditions , with Cambridge moderately out rating their opponents . The Light Blues took an early lead and appeared to be coping with the conditions better than Oxford , and were over a length ahead by the time they passed the London Rowing Club boathouse . The Dark Blues shipped more water until they became entirely submerged , and were rescued by spectators on the Oxford launch unk . Cambridge continued , and headed for the relative protection of the Surrey shore but were caught by the umpire 's boat and informed that the race was void . It was the first sinking in the Boat Race since the 1925 race in which Oxford went down . Since the umpire declared a no row and because the reason for the sinking was deemed to be equipment failure before the end of the Fulham Wall , it was agreed between the umpire , the boat club presidents and the Port of London Authority that a re row be arranged which would take place on Easter Monday , 26 March 1951 . After the two day delay , Oxford once again won the toss and once again elected to start from the Surrey station , handing the Middlesex side of the river to Cambridge . Ellison started the re row at 2 30 p.m , in light rain and a dead smooth river . Cambridge made the better start and although Oxford quickly drew level , the Light Blues were clear by the end of Fulham Wall . Poor steering from cox Carver allowed Cambridge to pull further ahead , passing the Mile Post more than two lengths clear , and Harrods Furniture Depository three lengths up . Jennens pushed on and by the time Cambridge passed below Hammersmith Bridge , they were four and a half lengths clear and seven ahead by Chiswick Steps . By Barnes Bridge , the lead was 11 lengths . Cambridge won by a margin of 12 lengths in a time of 20 minutes 50 seconds , securing their fifth consecutive victory . It was the largest winning margin since the 1900 race and the slowest winning time since the 1947 race . Crowden later noted that while he believed the initially sinking to be more down to inferior unk rather than an accident , he was certain that his crew would have failed to finish the course had they been allowed to continue . The rowing correspondent of The Manchester Guardian suggested that the 1951 race , with anti climax following disaster , is best forgotten as quickly as may be . The victory took the overall record in the event to 53 43 in Cambridge 's favour .
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3,462 | Velvet McIntyre is a retired Irish Canadian professional wrestler . After beginning her career in 1980 , she wrestled in North American independent promotions , before joining the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) . She had rivalries with both The Fabulous Moolah and Sherri Martel and held the WWF Women 's Championship and WWF Women 's Tag Team Championship . After the WWF 's women 's division went on hiatus in the 1990s , McIntyre wrestled in several Canadian promotions , holding several titles . She was known for wrestling barefoot and her high flying wrestling maneuvers . Professional wrestling career Independent circuit After finishing high school , Velvet McIntyre moved to Oregon in 1980 to train with Sandy Barr , under whom she trained with her future opponent and tag team partner , Princess Victoria . McIntyre made her professional wrestling debut in Idaho in 1980 , but she did not begin wrestling full time until three months later . She then joined Vancouver 's All Star Wrestling in 1981 , where she feuded with Princess Victoria . She continued to feud with Victoria for the remainder of the year in both singles and tag team matches in Vancouver and the NWA Pacific Northwest under promoter Don Owen . In 1982 , however , she joined the World Wrestling Federation where she began teaming with Princess Victoria , and in March , the duo lost a series of matches against the team of The Fabulous Moolah and Wendi Richter . McIntyre , however , defeated Richter in two separate matches in Bill Watts 's Mid South Wrestling Association . In November and December 1982 , McIntyre worked for Stampede Wrestling , where she teamed with Judy Martin against Richter and Joyce Grable the feud between the two teams resumed in April 1983 in Verne Gagne 's American Wrestling Association . In May 1983 , McIntyre returned to Stampede Wrestling , where she continued her rivalry with Richter and Grable this time , however , she teamed once again with Princess Victoria . Victoria and McIntyre won the NWA Women 's World Tag Team Championship on May 13 in Calgary . World Wrestling Federation In 1983 , the World Wrestling Federation withdrew from the National Wrestling Alliance , and when McIntyre and Victoria rejoined the promotion in 1984 , they were immediately recognized as holding the WWF Women 's Tag Team Championship . The duo defended the championship against the team of Wendi Richter and Peggy Lee . Desiree Petersen later replaced Victoria in the team , and the new duo lost the title in August 1985 to Judy Martin and Leilani Kai ( known as The Glamour Girls ) in Egypt . McIntyre then began wrestling as a singles wrestler , immediately feuding with The Fabulous Moolah , unsuccessfully challenging her at Wrestlemania 2 ( the referee counted the pin on McIntyre despite her left leg being draped over the bottom rope which should have stopped the count ) . She won the WWF Women 's Championship on July 3 , 1986 when she defeated Moolah at the Brisbane Festival Hall on the WWF 's 1986 Australian tour , but re lost the title to Moolah six days later at the Sydney Entertainment Centre ( the only two times the WWF Women 's Championship changed hands in the Southern Hemisphere ) . Years later , Moolah called McIntyre the best female wrestler in Canada . In 1987 , McIntyre consistently lost matches to Moolah and Sherri Martel . She also competed at the Survivor Series , teaming with Moolah , Rockin ' Robin , and the Jumping Bomb Angels against Martel , Leilani Kai , Judy Martin , Donna Christanello , and Dawn Marie . By 1990 , however , the women 's division in the WWF was again on hiatus . Canada After leaving the WWF , McIntyre continued to wrestle sporadically on the independent circuit . At that time , there were not many opportunities for females in the business . She competed in the Women 's Pro Wrestling organization in the early 1990s . In November 1993 , she won the Canadian Wrestling Alliance 's Women 's Championship from Iron Maiden , but lost it to Iron Maiden again in January 1994 . They continued to feud into 1996 , when the two women joined Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling , where the two traded the Women 's Championship , which McIntyre held for two months . In September , they competed in a strap match a match where the wrestlers must compete while connected via a leather strap in which McIntyre was victorious . In November 1997 , as a part of the International Championship Wrestling , she won the WWWA Women 's Championship from Bertha Faye . She also held the ICW Women 's Championship , which she lost in July 1998 . Personal life It is a common misconception that she is the daughter of professional wrestler Stan unk . Growing up , she had three brothers with whom she wrestled . McIntyre wore wrestling boots for the first four years of her career , but she later wrestled bare foot when someone took one of her boots as a joke , and she was forced to wrestle without them . Wrestling barefoot later became one of her trademarks , as well as her high flying wrestling maneuvers . She retired from wrestling in 1998 after discovering she was pregnant , and she later gave birth to twins . In her spare time , McIntyre makes and sells crafts . In wrestling Finishing moves McIntyre Roll ( Victory roll ) Swinging hurricanrana Signature moves Running Spinning Crossbody Single leg dropkick Splash Championships and accomplishments Canadian Wrestling Alliance CWA Women 's Championship ( 1 time ) Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling ECCW Women 's Championship ( 1 time ) International Championship Wrestling ICW Women 's Championship ( 1 time ) WWWA Women 's Championship ( 1 time ) National Wrestling Alliance NWA Women 's Tag Team Championship ( 1 time ) with Princess Victoria World Wrestling Federation WWF Women 's Championship ( 1 time ) WWF Women 's Tag Team Championship ( 1 time , inaugural ) first with Princess Victoria , then with Desiree Petersen
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3,463 | Rare is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her third studio album , This Is What the Truth Feels Like ( 2016 ) . It was released on March 18 , 2016 , along with the rest of This Is What the Truth Feels Like by Interscope Records . The track was written by Stefani , Justin Tranter , Julia Michaels , and Greg Kurstin Kurstin was the track 's sole producer . Rare is an electropop and folk pop influenced song and serves as the album 's closing track . Lyrically , the song discusses finding love when all hope was lost . Several media outlets speculated that Rare was written about Stefani 's boyfriend Blake Shelton and his ex wife Miranda Lambert . Rare received generally favorable reviews from music critics , some of which called the song glamorous and predicted that it would become a future summer hit . Background In 2013 , following Stefani 's work with No Doubt , she enlisted the help of Greg Kurstin to write and produce songs for her upcoming third studio album . After Stefani 's 2014 single releases , Baby Don 't Lie and Spark the Fire , received mixed responses , she scrapped all of her completed material for the opportunity to start fresh . A year later , Stefani enlisted other potential collaborators , like Justin Tranter and Julia Michaels , for work on the album shortly after she announced her divorce from Gavin Rossdale . Stefani later revealed that during the writing of several songs , including Rare , she and Michaels had taken stream of conscious lyrics from her computer and fit them into melodies . Rare was written by Stefani , Justin Tranter , Julia Michaels , and Greg Kurstin Kurstin serves as the track 's sole producer . The track was mixed by Serban Ghenea , with John Hanes and Phil Seaford serving as assistant mixing engineers Julian Burg and Alex Pasco were in charge of recording , with Stephen Felix serving as an assistant recorder . Rare became available for purchase on March 18 , along with the rest of This Is What the Truth Feels Like . Blake Shelton , Stefani 's boyfriend , declared on Twitter that Rare was his favorite song on This Is What the Truth Feels Like , to which Stefani tweeted back Wonder who that one is about , alluding to the fact that it was written about him . Several of the songs on This Is What the Truth Feels Like were written about Shelton , including the Rare and the album 's second single , Make Me Like You even though her writing sessions began with lyrics revolving her breakup with Rossdale , the songs slowly became centered on her newly found relationship with Shelton . Composition and lyrics Musically , Rare is an electropop and folk pop influenced ballad , that has an acoustic guitar and galloping beat . Lyrically , Rare discusses finding love in the perfect man , presumably Shelton . Patrick Ryan of USA Today called Rare an outright declaration of love for Shelton , summarizing the song as a rare moment of vulnerability for the singer who , for the most part , keeps her emotions close to her vest . Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly declared the song a sweetly smitten confessional . Mikael Wood of the Los Angeles Times described the lyrics as her shock to have found someone this late in the game , while Sarah Rodman of the The Boston Globe felt that the lyrics observe that ' only a stupid girl ' would let the ' perfect ' man go . Eliza Thompson from Cosmopolitan unk the lyrics Every day I believe you and me more and more And it 's crazy , that 's for sure Thompson also believed that the lyrics were about Stefani 's relationship with Shelton . Similarly , Jaja unk of Parent Herald found the same meaning in the lines You 're my answer , one that no one knows I can 't believe it , that you even exist . After the release of This Is What the Truth Feels Like , several news outlets speculated that the lyrics of Rare may be written about Shelton 's ex wife , Miranda Lambert . An article from Fox News reported that the lyrics appear to be a slam at Lambert for letting Shelton go , particularly You 're rare And only a stupid girl would let it go . Andrew Leung of Music Mic , who described the song as a mid tempo love ballad , also thought that the same lyrics pointed towards Lambert . Lauren DuBois of unk stated that the song seems to allege that Lambert was the one who walked away from the relationship she had with Shelton , not the other way around . Gossip website unk stated that in the song , Stefani praises Shelton but totally disses Lambert . Critical reception Rare received generally favorable reviews from contemporary music critics . Mikael Wood of the Los Angeles Times enjoyed the closing track , calling it tender . Leah Greenblatt , writing for Entertainment Weekly , said that Stefani sound s like the world 's most glamorous high school sophomore , passing mash notes after study hall . USA Today 's Patrick Ryan praised Rare and declared the track one dance remix away from being a certifiable summer smash . Stephen Sears of Idolator called the track elegant and even keeled and said Stefani will buck modern radio with Rare . Spencer Kornhaber of The Atlantic praised the song and called it an album closing ode to joy , further stating the track uses its star 's distinctive voice for moments of multi tracked beauty or play often there 's a lovely sensation of floating upwards . As the album 's closing track , Nicholaus James unk of Reporter appreciated the vulnerable side of Stefani and noted how it slows the album 's pace down . However , Chuck Campbell of Go Knoxville gave the song a negative review , describing Stefani 's vocals as a pale facsimile of Ariana Grande . Credits and personnel Management Recorded at unk Recording Studios , North Hollywood , California and Echo Studio , Los Angeles , California Personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of This Is What the Truth Feels Like
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3,464 | Ivor Ewing McIntyre , CBE , AFC Bar ( 6 October 1899 12 March 1928 ) was a pilot in the Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) . He gained national recognition in 1924 when he and Wing Commander Stanley Goble became the first men to circumnavigate Australia by air . Two years later , under the command of Group Captain Richard Williams , McIntyre piloted the first international flight undertaken by an RAAF plane and crew this feat earned him the first Air Force Cross awarded to an RAAF member . Born and raised in England , McIntyre had served with the Royal Naval Air Service and Royal Air Force in World War I before joining the RAAF . He left the Air Force in 1927 to become an instructor with the South Australian branch of the Australian Aero Club , and died after a plane crash the following year . Early career Ivor Ewing McIntyre was born on 6 October 1899 in Kent , England , the son of Captain Duncan McIntyre . He joined the Royal Naval Air Service ( RNAS ) in 1917 , and saw action in World War I as a flight sub lieutenant . McIntyre transferred to the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) on its creation as an independent service in 1918 , and was a lieutenant when awarded the Air Force Cross in the 1919 New Year Honours . He was granted a short service commission in the RAF as a flying officer on 12 December 1919 . McIntyre joined the Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) in 1923 . In November that year , he piloted a survey flight between Melbourne and Sydney , and carried out a similar mission between Melbourne and Hobart in February 1924 . In July 1925 , McIntyre was tasked by the Chief of the Air Staff with intercepting a squadron of the United States Pacific Fleet as it approached Melbourne on a flag waving visit he succeeded in doing so despite poor weather and not without , according to the official history of the inter war RAAF , an enormous element of luck , not to mention risk . Pioneering flights Circumnavigation of Australia In 1924 , McIntyre and Wing Commander ( later Air Vice Marshal ) Stanley Goble , another veteran of the RNAS , became the first men to circumnavigate Australia by air . McIntyre was lead pilot while Goble , who was Chief of the Air Staff at the time , acted as commander and navigator . The pair took off from Point Cook , Victoria , on 6 April 1924 in a single engined Fairey IIID floatplane . They flew anticlockwise along the eastern coast to Thursday Island , Queensland , then crossed the Gulf of Carpentaria to Darwin , Northern Territory , and continued along the Western Australian and South Australian coasts . Along the way they faced adverse weather , fatigue and illness , and had to deal with engine problems and fuel leaks . McIntyre and Goble returned to Victoria after covering 8 , 450 miles ( 13 , 600 km ) in 44 days . As they flew over Point Cook , 12 RAAF aircraft took off to escort them to their landing place at St Kilda Beach , where a crowd of 10 , 000 people was waiting to welcome them . Prime Minister Stanley Bruce called the journey one of the most wonderful accomplishments in the history of aviation his government presented McIntyre with a gift of 250 , while mission commander Goble received 500 . The British Royal Aero Club awarded the duo the annual Britannia Trophy , and they were appointed Commanders of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in the King 's Birthday Honours . McIntyre was also awarded the Oswald Watt Gold Medal for 1924 , and promoted to flight lieutenant effective from 31 March that year . Pacific Islands flight In 1926 , McIntyre was selected as lead pilot on another pioneering Australian flight under the command of the then Chief of the Air Staff , Group Captain ( later Air Marshal Sir ) Richard Williams , to study the South Pacific region as a potential theatre of operations . In company with Flight Sergeant Les Trist , they took off from Point Cook on 26 September 1926 and made a 10 , 000 mile ( 16 , 000 km ) round trip to the Solomon Islands in a De Havilland unk floatplane . The DH.50 's fuselage bore the words Royal Australian Air Force , the first aircraft to do so . Like the circumnavigation of Australia in 1924 , this flight was not without its difficulties . Approaching Southport , Queensland , on 29 September , the DH.50 lost power and had to land in the ocean after making repairs , McIntyre was twice thrown clear of the aircraft while taxiing to the beach in heavy surf . The expedition returned on 7 December to a 12 plane RAAF escort and a 300 man honour guard . Though subsequently described as partly a matter of prestige owing to rumours of other countries planning such a journey , as well as a reaction by Williams to the 1924 expedition led by Goble , Williams ' rival at the time for leadership of the young Air Force , this was the first international flight undertaken by an RAAF plane and crew . McIntyre was awarded a second Oswald Watt Gold Medal , and a Bar to his AFC , for his part in the flight it marked the first occasion that the AFC was awarded to a member of the RAAF . Trist received the Air Force Medal , and Williams was appointed a CBE . Death and legacy McIntyre left the RAAF in November 1927 to become a flying instructor for the newly formed South Australian section of the Australian Aero Club . He died in an Adelaide hospital on 12 March 1928 of injuries received the previous day , when he crashed the club 's Moth trainer while giving an aerobatics display at Parafield . Goble said of him , That he did sterling work with our air force is well known , but it is doubtful whether the majority of the people in Australia have a true appreciation of the greatness of this man and the magnitude and difficulties of many of the tasks he performed . In 1994 , unk and Goble were honoured by the issue of a postage stamp by Australia Post , one of a series depicting Australian aviators that also included Freda Thompson , Lawrence Hargrave , Sir Keith and Sir Ross Macpherson Smith .
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3,465 | The Siege of Nicaea of 727 was an unsuccessful attempt by the Umayyad Caliphate to capture the Byzantine city of Nicaea , the capital of the Opsician Theme . Ever since its failure to capture the Byzantine Empire 's capital , Constantinople , in 717 718 , the Caliphate had launched a series of raids into Byzantine Asia Minor . In 727 , the Arab army , led by one of the Caliph 's sons , penetrated deep into Asia Minor , sacked two Byzantine fortresses and in late July arrived before Nicaea . Despite constant attacks for 40 days , the city held firm and the Arabs withdrew and returned to the Caliphate . The successful repulsion of the attack was a major boost for Byzantine emperor Leo III the Isaurian 's recently initiated campaign to abolish the veneration of icons in the Empire Leo claimed it as evidence of divine favour for his policy . The siege of Nicaea marks also the high point of the Umayyad raids , as new threats and defeats on their far flung frontiers diverted Umayyad strength elsewhere , while Byzantine power gradually recovered . Background Following the failure of the year long assault by the Umayyad armies on the Byzantine capital Constantinople in 717 718 , a short period of peace followed as the Umayyads licked their wounds , suppressed the rebellion of Yazid ibn al Muhallab and re assessed their priorities . When warfare on the Arab Byzantine frontier recommenced in 720 , the strategic focus of the Caliphate had shifted away from outright conquest . The Muslim raids across the Taurus Mountains into Byzantine Asia Minor still occurred regularly every spring and summer , sometimes accompanied by naval raids and followed by a winter expedition they devastated large tracts of Asia Minor , and destroyed several fortresses but the Arabs did not attempt to hold on to captured strongholds on the west side of the Taurus Mountains . Byzantine reaction during these years was passive , as the Empire still nursed its strength against the vastly superior resources of the Caliphate . The Byzantines did not obstruct or confront the raiding Arab armies , but rather retreated to well fortified positions scattered throughout Asia Minor . After the accession of Caliph Hisham ( r . 723 743 ) , the scale and ambition of the Muslim raids grew . One of the most prominent Umayyad leaders in these campaigns was Hisham 's son Mu 'awiya , who led expeditions in 725 and 726 , the first of which went as far west as Dorylaion . Invasion of 727 and the siege of Nicaea In summer 727 , another large scale invasion was led by Mu 'awiya , with Abdallah al Battal heading the vanguard of the army . The Byzantine chronicler Theophanes the Confessor claims that the vanguard alone numbered 15 , 000 men and the entire invasion force 100 , 000 , clearly a grossly inflated number . Theophanes also records a certain Amr as Mu 'awiya 's second in command , but Arab sources are unambiguous in this regard . The Arab army moved west into northwestern Asia Minor , and the vanguard under al Battal attacked and sacked the town of Gangra in Paphlagonia and a place called in Arab sources unk , possibly the fort of unk in Phrygia . Gangra was razed to the ground , but during the attack on unk the Arabs , especially the Antiochene contingent , are said to have suffered heavy losses . From there , the Arabs turned west towards Nicaea , the chief city of Bithynia and capital of the powerful Opsician Theme . The Arabs arrived before the city in late July , with al Battal 's vanguard preceding the main army . The Byzantines , probably under the command of the Count of the unk , Artabasdos , did not meet them in the field , but instead retreated behind the city 's walls . The Arabs assaulted the city for forty days , employing siege engines which destroyed a part of the walls , but eventually failed to take it . In late August , they raised the siege and departed , taking along many captives and much booty . The 12th century chronicle of Michael the Syrian claims that the city 's inhabitants abandoned it and fled by ship through Lake unk , whereupon the Arabs destroyed Nicaea , but this is clearly an error . Aftermath The repulsion of the Arab assault on Nicaea was an important success for the Byzantines . Emperor Leo III the Isaurian ( r . 717 741 ) regarded the city 's survival as a sign of divine favour towards his newly instituted iconoclastic policies , and was encouraged to drive them further . This is probably related to an incident mentioned in the account of Theophanes , where a certain Constantine , who served as a groom ( unk ) to Artabasdos , threw a stone on an icon of the Virgin Mary and then trampled on it . The soldier was killed the next day by a catapult , a fact which Theophanes reports as evidence of divine vengeance . However , this passage shows strong signs of tampering by the fervently anti iconoclast Theophanes , from what was probably originally a pro iconoclast story . Militarily , the siege of Nicaea was the high water mark of the post 718 Umayyad raids never again would Umayyad armies penetrate as deeply into Asia Minor . Increasingly thereafter the Syro Jaziran army , that provided the manpower for the raids against Byzantium , was diverted in the hard and fruitless wars against the Khazars in the Caucasus the Khazars inflicted a heavy defeat on the Muslims in 730 , and a Byzantine Khazar alliance was sealed by the marriage of Leo III 's son and heir Constantine V ( r . 741 775 ) with the Khazar princess Irene shortly after . Over the next few years , while Byzantine strength revived , the Muslim military situation on all fronts of the over extended Caliphate deteriorated . Consequently , in the 730s , Arab raids were mostly limited to the immediate frontier regions and their successes became fewer . By 740 , when the Umayyads assembled the largest invasion force fielded after 718 , the Byzantines had recovered enough to inflict a heavy defeat against them at the Battle of Akroinon .
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3,466 | New York State Route 65 ( NY 65 ) is a north south state highway located in the western portion of New York in the United States . It extends for 18 . 51 miles ( 29 . 79 km ) from an intersection with U.S. Route 20 ( US 20 ) and NY 5 in the Ontario County town of West Bloomfield to a junction with NY 96 in the Monroe County town of Brighton . In between , the route serves the village of Honeoye Falls and passes through the extreme northeastern corner of Livingston County . NY 65 intersects NY 251 in Mendon , NY 252 in Pittsford , and the regionally important NY 31 in Brighton . The southern half of NY 65 passes through mostly rural areas , while its northern section traverses densely populated portions of Monroe County . NY 65 originally began at what is now US 20A in Honeoye when it was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York however , it was truncated to its current southern terminus in the late 1930s . No changes have been made to NY 65 's alignment since that time however , ownership and maintenance of the 1 . 95 mile ( 3 . 14 km ) portion of the route north of NY 31 was transferred to Monroe County at some point prior to 1990 . This section of NY 65 is co designated as the unsigned County Route 271 ( CR 271 ) . Route description NY 65 begins at an intersection with US 20 and NY 5 in the West Bloomfield hamlet of the same name . It heads to the northwest as Ontario Street , passing through gradually less developed areas as it approaches the Ontario Monroe county line . Just south of the line , however , the route enters the hamlet of North Bloomfield , a southeastern extension of Honeoye Falls located on the Livingston Ontario county line . NY 65 passes into Livingston County in the town of Lima upon crossing over Honeoye Creek in the center of the community however , it remains in the county for just 0 . 25 miles ( 0 . 40 km ) before following Honeoye Creek into Monroe County and the village of Honeoye Falls in the town of Mendon situated on the county 's southern edge . The Ontario Street name follows NY 65 northwestward through the southern half of the village , where it crosses back over Honeoye Creek before passing through the village 's residential center and entering its business district . Here , NY 65 turns west onto East Street and crosses Honeoye Creek again to reach an intersection with Main and Monroe Streets . Monroe Street , once designated NY 363 , is maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation ( NYSDOT ) as NY unk , an unsigned reference route . NY 65 turns north here , following North Main Street out of the village . Outside of Honeoye Falls , the route becomes Clover Street , a name it retains for the rest of its routing . The highway heads onward through the town of Mendon , leaving the densely populated village and its lightly populated outskirts for the rolling , open areas that dominate much of southern Monroe County . Three miles ( 5 km ) to the north of Honeoye Falls , NY 65 intersects NY 251 by way of a roundabout northeast of the hamlet of Rochester Junction . The community , located on NY 251 , marks the point where the Lehigh Valley Railroad spur that went to the railroad 's station in downtown Rochester returned to the main line . The route continues onward , passing alongside the western edge of Mendon Ponds Park as it enters the town of Pittsford . At the northern edge of the park , NY 65 curves to the northeast and passes over the New York State Thruway ( Interstate 90 ) . North of the Thruway , NY 65 intersects the eastern terminus of NY 253 and Calkins Road ( unsigned NY unk and a former extension of NY 253 ) at junctions roughly 1 mile ( 1 . 6 km ) apart . From this point northward , the route heads through much more developed areas , beginning with a series of housing tracts situated in the 1 . 5 miles ( 2 . 4 km ) between Calkins and Jefferson Roads , the latter carrying NY 252 . It continues on past NY 252 , taking on a more northerly routing as it crosses over the CSX Transportation owned West Shore Subdivision railroad line and the Erie Canal and passes through densely populated portions of Pittsford and Brighton . Just inside the Brighton town line , NY 65 intersects NY 31 ( Monroe Avenue ) in a linear commercial district centered on NY 31 . At this point , maintenance of NY 65 shifts from NYSDOT to Monroe County , which maintains the route as the unsigned CR 271 . The route heads due northward for just under 1 mile ( 1 . 6 km ) , paralleling I 590 and passing The Harley School before veering to the northeast ahead of an intersection with Elmwood Avenue . Both NY 65 and CR 271 end 1 mile ( 1 . 6 km ) later at a junction with East Avenue ( NY 96 ) . History All of what is now NY 65 , including the portion of the route north of modern NY 31 , was state maintained by 1926 . In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York , NY 65 was assigned to an alignment extending from NY 254 ( now US 20A ) in Honeoye northward to NY 15 ( now NY 96 ) in Brighton . The route followed the northernmost portion of what is now CR 37 from Honeoye to US 20 in West Bloomfield , from where it continued to Brighton on its current alignment . The section of NY 65 south of US 20 , which was not state owned in 1926 , was removed from the route c . 1938 . Farther north , ownership and maintenance of the portion of the route north of NY 31 was transferred to Monroe County by 1990 . NY 65 originally had an overlap with NY 253 in the town of Pittsford . From the 1930 renumbering to the 1980s , NY 253 turned north onto NY 65 at its present eastern terminus and followed NY 65 north to Calkins Road , where NY 253 turned east and continued to the northeast toward Pittsford , East Rochester and Penfield . In the latter half of the 1980s , NY 253 was truncated to its present eastern terminus at NY 65 and the section of NY 253 from NY 96 north to NY 441 in East Rochester and Penfield was designated NY 153 . Major intersections
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3,467 | The 1867 Manhattan earthquake struck Riley County , Kansas on April 24 at 14 22 local time . It measured 5 . 1 on a seismic scale that is based on an isoseismal map or the event 's felt area . The earthquake 's epicenter was by the town of Manhattan and is the strongest earthquake to originate in the state . The earthquake had an intensity of VII ( Very strong ) on the Mercalli intensity scale , and was felt over an area of roughly 193 , 051 square miles ( 500 , 000 km2 ) . It caused largely minor damage , reports of which were confined to Kansas , Iowa , and Missouri , according to the United States Geological Survey . Manhattan is near the Nemaha Ridge , a long structure that is bounded by several faults . The nearby Humboldt Fault Zone in particular poses a threat to the city though Kansas is not known for earthquake activity , an earthquake could occur at any time . Background and geography The earthquake 's epicenter lay near Manhattan , Kansas , a town just off the connection of the Kansas River and the Big Blue River . Nearby is the anticline Nemaha Ridge , which has been associated with at least a few earthquakes of Kansas . A 300 million year old Precambrian granite range bounded by faults , it hosts the Humboldt Fault Zone , which , in addition to serving as the range 's easternmost boundary , has produced a large portion of the state 's earthquakes . Each year , it is responsible for at least several small tremors less than magnitude 2 . 7 . It cuts through Permian rock , and according to the Geological Society of America , may actually be a complex fault . Previously , it was believed to be a simple , Precambrian structure . The Nemaha Range lies roughly 50 miles ( 80 km ) east of the Midcontinent rift , which forms a layer of basaltic rock around 1 . 1 billion years old . This rift extends northward to Lake Superior and the surrounding area and southward to Kansas , then stops abruptly . Also present in the state is the Central Kansas Uplift , the faults of which produced several small earthquakes during the late 1980s . According to United States Geological Survey geophysicist Don Steeples , earthquakes at the Humboldt Zone have decreased and activity at the Uplift has increased . Felt over an area of 193 , 051 square miles ( 500 , 000 km2 ) , the earthquake followed the Midcontinent seismic trend unlike earthquakes on the Western Coast of the US , events in the central and east central sectors of the country are spread out over extensive areas for example , the 1968 Illinois earthquake also followed this trend . The 1867 Manhattan earthquake remains the only notable earthquake to originate in the state , though 25 in total have taken place since . According to a report in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America , the frequency between earthquakes is between 40 and 45 years . Damage and casualties Originating at 20 22 UTC , or around 2 30 local time , the earthquake was assigned a maximum intensity of VII . Minor damage occurred throughout the geographical region . Injuries were reported as well . The earthquake fractured walls , downed chimneys , and interfered with the stability of structures , even loosening stones . In Louisville and Leavenworth , chimneys fell in Paola , the earthquake destroyed one wall of a large post office building . Waves were observed on the Kansas River , 2 feet ( 1 m ) in height . Isolated reports from Iowa and Missouri , describing fallen and cracked plaster in Dubuque and Chillicothe , compliment additional reports of fallen plaster and roof shingles , damaged wells , and cracked walls . A series of articles were published by the Chicago Tribune describing the extent of the damage throughout the state of Kansas . At Kansas City details that the earthquake jolted homes with a sudden burst , giving off a resonating roar like thunder . The earthquake also extended into Indiana and Illinois , according to the United States Geological Survey . Reaction The Chicago Tribune observed in its article At Leavenworth , Kansas that the earthquake was completely unexpected , describing the event as ... sudden in its coming and departure . It confirms that earthquakes were not common in earlier time and states that all were more or less startled , and , indeed , frightened . The earthquake renewed geological interest of the state , and scientists began to analyze faults and earthquakes . One study found that between December 1977 and June 1989 , more than 200 earthquakes were recognized by a seismograph network . All were between 4 and .8 on the Richter magnitude scale . Future threat Despite the fact that Kansas is not seismically active , a strong earthquake could pose significant threats to the state . If an earthquake were to occur , it would likely be along the Nemaha Ridge , which is still active . The Humboldt Fault Zone , a fault just off the Ridge , lies just 12 miles ( 19 km ) eastward of the Tuttle Creek Reservoir near Manhattan . If an earthquake were to occur here , it would likely destroy the dam , releasing 300 , 000 feet ( 91 , 440 m ) of water per second and flooding the nearby area , also threatening roughly 13 , 000 people and 5 , 900 homes . A moderate earthquake between 5 . 7 to 6 . 6 would cause sand underneath the dam to liquefy into quicksand , causing the dam to spread out and the top to drop up to three feet . A large earthquake would spawn gaps , forcing water to leak and eventually cause the dam to collapse . Any earthquake that could pose a threat occurs on a cycle of roughly 1 , 800 years , according to the United States Army Corps of Engineers , who studied the area first in 1980 . To counter this threat , the group has galvanized an effort to strengthen the dam . Replacing the sand , which could shift during an earthquake , with more than 350 walls , the group has equipped the dam with sensors . Alarms are connected to these sensors , which would alert nearby citizens to the earthquake .
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3,468 | Air Hong Kong ( Chinese unk ) is the only all cargo airline based in Hong Kong , with its main hub at Hong Kong International Airport . The airline operates an express freight network to 12 destinations in nine countries , including China , Japan , Malaysia , Philippines , Republic of China ( Taiwan ) , Singapore , South Korea , Thailand and Vietnam . It has a fleet of Airbus A300 600F General Freighters , which the airline was the launch customer of this new variant . Its head office is located on the fourth floor of the South Tower of Cathay Pacific City . Air Hong Kong was founded in November 1986 by three local businessmen and commenced charter services with a Boeing 707 320C freighter on 4 February 1988 . In June 1994 , Hong Kong 's largest carrier , Cathay Pacific acquired 75 holdings of the airline and acquired the remaining 25 in February 2002 . In October , Cathay Pacific entered into a joint venture with DHL Worldwide Express ( DHL ) , eventually saw DHL took a 40 stake in the cargo airline , while Cathay Pacific retained the other 60 holdings . History Air Hong Kong was established in November 1986 by three local businessmen from London 's Stansted Airport , which included Roger unk . Roger teamed up with Tomas Sang from Hong Kong to help fund the business . The airline commenced charter services with a Boeing 707 320C freighter on 4 February 1988 , to Bombay ( now known as Mumbai ) , Britain and Kathmandu and scheduled services began on 18 October 1989 . By early 1990 , the airline had two Boeing 707 320C and operated a scheduled cargo service to Manchester , with traffic rights to Auckland , Brussels , Fukuoka , Guam , Melbourne , Nagoya , Osaka , Perth , Pusan , Singapore , Sydney , Vienna and Zurich . Schedule cargo service to Nagoya was introduced and new traffic rights to Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City granted by April 1991 . In March 1992 , Air Hong Kong was granted additional traffic rights to Cairns , Darwin , Dhaka , Dubai , Kathmandu , Kuala Lumpur and Townsville . By March 1993 , the airline operated scheduled cargo services to Brussels , Dubai , Ho Chi Minh City , Manchester , Nagoya and Singapore with a fleet of two Boeing 747 100SF and one Boeing 707 320C freighters . Polaris Aircraft Leasing , a subsidiary of General Electric Capital , entered into agreement in 1993 to suspend lease payments on the airline 's three Boeing 747 unk in return for an option to buy up to 49 percent of the airline in January 1995 . However , Cathay Pacific acquired 75 percent of the airline 's shares for HK 200 million in June 1994 and the option was cancelled . Facing weak demands and heavy financial losses , the airline was forced to terminate the lease on its Boeing 707 320C and one of its Boeing 747 100SF on November 1994 and January 1995 , respectively , with only two Boeing 747 unk remaining . By 2000 , the airline had a fleet of three Boeing 747 200Fs with scheduled cargo services to Brussels , Dubai , Manchester and Osaka . The airline 's parent , Cathay Pacific , acquired the remaining 25 percent of the airline 's shares in February 2002 and became a wholly owned subsidiary . An operational restructure followed on 1 July , where Air Hong Kong ceased services to Brussels , Dubai and Manchester to focus on services in Asia . In October 2002 , Cathay Pacific entered into a joint venture agreement with DHL Worldwide Express ( DHL ) by selling a 30 percent stake in the cargo airline in exchange for funds to purchase medium size freighters to operate DHL 's network in the Asia Pacific region from Hong Kong . The airline set aside 300 million to purchase five freighters by 2004 and another 100 million towards at least three more freighters by 2010 . In March 2003 , Cathay Pacific sold another 10 percent stake to DHL and retained 60 percent of the airline . Air Hong Kong was the launch customer for the Airbus A300 600F General Freighter , which is a new variant of the Airbus A300 600F . This new variant has a cargo loading system capable of handling virtually every type of container and pallet , and a side door at the rear of the lower deck capable of handling large items of general freight . The airline took its first delivery of this new aircraft in September 2004 , with the eighth and final aircraft delivered on 22 June 2006 . The new freighters were powered by two General Electric ( GE ) CF6 80C2 engines and signed a 14 year Maintenance Cost Per Hour ( unk ) programme with GE on 25 January 2005 . In November 2007 , Air Hong Kong received an Award for Operational Excellence by the aircraft manufacturer Airbus for achieving an overall best performance on aircraft utilisation , operational reliability and average delay time . Destinations Air Hong Kong operates cargo flights to the following destinations as of 7 May 2010 Hong Kong Hong Kong International Airport Main hub People 's Republic of China Beijing Beijing Capital International Airport Shanghai Shanghai Pudong International Airport Japan Nagoya Chubu Centrair International Airport Osaka Kansai International Airport Tokyo Narita International Airport Malaysia Penang Penang International Airport Philippines Manila Ninoy Aquino International Airport Singapore Singapore Changi Airport South Korea Seoul Incheon International Airport Taiwan , Republic of China Taipei Taipei Taoyuan International Airport Thailand Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Airport Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City Tan Son Nhat International Airport Terminated destinations Belgium Brussels India Mumbai Nepal Kathmandu United Arab Emirates Dubai United Kingdom Manchester Fleet As of September 2015 the Air Hong Kong fleet consists of the following aircraft , with an average age of 15 . 5 years The airline was the launch customer for the Airbus A300 600F General Freighter , which was the new variant of the Airbus A300 600F . Retired Boeing 707 320C Boeing 747 100SF Boeing 747 200F Boeing 727 200F
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3,469 | Air Mata Iboe ( Perfected spelling Air Mata Ibu Malay for A Mother 's Tears ) is a 1941 film from the Dutch East Indies ( now Indonesia ) directed and written by Njoo Cheong Seng . Starring Fifi Young , Rd Ismail , Ali Sarosa , and Ali Joego , it followed a mother who raises her children lovingly but is ultimately betrayed by her eldest sons when she falls upon hard times . The film , billed as a musical extravaganza , featured a soundtrack by R. Koesbini , and an eponymous title song written by Njoo . The last production completed by Fred Young 's Majestic Film Company , Air Mata Iboe was released in December 1941 , shortly before the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies . This film , now possibly lost , received positive reviews . A remake was produced under the same title in 1957 Young retook her role . Plot Soegiati ( Fifi Young ) is the mother of four children sons Achmad ( Rd Ismail ) , Idris ( S Poniman ) and Soemadi ( Ali Sarosa ) , and a daughter named Soepinah ( Soelami ) . She loves them all , but Soemadi receives the most of her attention because he receives little from his father , the merchant Soebagio ( Ali Joego ) . As the children grow , they marry and move away , and eventually only Soemadi is left . Although he begins a relationship with a young woman named unk ( Soerip ) , he does not marry her as his income is not enough to support them . On the night of Eid al Fitr , the family gathers for the holiday . Unknown to the family , Soebagio is leading a double life as a robber , and that evening the police come to arrest him . To protect his father , Soemadi declares himself the culprit , and he is exiled . Feeling guilty for his sins , Soebagio falls ill and dies soon afterwards . Because of their debts , their home and belongings are repossessed , leaving Soegiati to fend for herself . Though wealthy , Achmad and Idris refuse to take Soegiati in , fearing their respective wives unk ( Titing ) and Mariam ( Ning Nong ) . Soepinah and her husband Bakar ( Koesbini ) are willing to take her in , but they live in poverty . Unwilling to burden them , ultimately Soegiati decides to leave and find her own way , depending on the kindness of strangers . Years pass , and Soemadi returns from exile . Encountering his mother , who now lives in poverty , he decides to take revenge on his brothers . Production The Malang based Majestic Film Company announced Air Mata Iboe in June 1941 together with two other films , Boedi unk ( Hidden Wisdom ) and unk Karam ( unk Ark ) . Production began soon afterwards and , by early December 1941 , over 55 reels had been shot , as well as 60 sound reels . Air Mata Iboe was written and directed by Njoo Cheong Seng under his penname M. d 'Amour he had previously directed unk Hati ( Heart and Soul 1941 ) , which also had a tragic ending , for the company . The film was produced by the company 's owner , Fred Young . It starred Njoo 's wife Fifi Young ( no relation to Fred ) , Rd Ismail , Ali Sarosa , and Ali Joego . Other roles were held by established singers of keroncong ( traditional music with Portuguese influences ) , including Soerip , Titing , Soelami , Ning Nong , and Poniman . The film , which used make up to make Fifi Young age into an old woman over the course of its plot , was the actress ' first for Majestic she had been ill during the production of her husband 's debut for the company . The black and white film featured eleven keroncong songs written by music director R. Koesbini , who also had a role in the film . Backing music was provided by Koesbini 's troupe , the unk unk , while songs were performed by the cast . Notes and lyrics for the film 's title song , Air Mata Iboe , were published in the December 1941 edition of Pertjatoeran Doenia dan Film . Release and legacy Air Mata Iboe , which was rated for all ages , was distributed by Columbia Pictures and premiered at Sampoerna Theatre in Surabaya on 24 December 1941 . Also advertised under the Dutch title Tranen unk Moeder ( a literal translation from Malay ) , the film was promoted as a musical extravaganza other advertisements emphasised the size of the cast . An anonymous review in the Soerabaijasch Handelsblad noted the extensive use of keroncong and praised the acting and singing , suggesting that native audiences would flock to see the film . Air Mata Iboe was the last film produced by Majestic Film Company , which closed following the Japanese occupation . During the occupation Njoo , Fifi Young , and Fred Young established their own travelling theatrical troupe , Pantjawarna , though all returned to cinema in the 1950s . Joego likewise returned to film after spending the occupation in theater . Poniman , Sarosa , Ismail , and Soerip all returned to cinema , the men in the 1950s and Soerip in 1973 . Soelami is not recorded as acting in any further productions . A remake of Air Mata Iboe was produced in 1957 , after Indonesia had obtained its independence . Directed by Fred Young , the film had Fifi Young retake her role as unk , while Rd Ismail took the role of Subagio . The remake 's other cast members had not appeared in the original film . The sons Achmad , Idris , and Soemadi were portrayed by Sukarno M. Noor , Boes Boestami , and unk , respectively . The couple 's daughter , renamed Atikah , was played by Farida unk . Air Mata Iboe may be lost . Movies in the Indies were recorded on highly flammable nitrate film , and after a fire destroyed much of Produksi Film Negara 's warehouse in 1952 , old films shot on nitrate were deliberately destroyed . Thus , the American visual anthropologist Karl G. Heider wrote that all Indonesian films from before 1950 are lost . However , JB Kristanto 's Katalog Film Indonesia ( Indonesian Film Catalogue ) records several as having survived at Sinematek Indonesia 's archives , and Biran writes that several Japanese propaganda films have survived at the Netherlands Government Information Service . Explanatory notes
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3,470 | Air Mata Iboe ( Perfected spelling Air Mata Ibu Malay for A Mother 's Tears ) is a 1941 film from the Dutch East Indies ( now Indonesia ) directed and written by Njoo Cheong Seng . Starring Fifi Young , Rd Ismail , Ali Sarosa , and Ali Joego , it followed a mother who raises her children lovingly but is ultimately betrayed by her eldest sons when she falls upon hard times . The film , billed as a musical extravaganza , featured a soundtrack by R. Koesbini , and an eponymous title song written by Njoo . The last production completed by Fred Young 's Majestic Film Company , Air Mata Iboe was released in December 1941 , shortly before the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies . This film , now possibly lost , received positive reviews . A remake was produced under the same title in 1957 Young retook her role . Plot Soegiati ( Fifi Young ) is the mother of four children sons Achmad ( Rd Ismail ) , Idris ( S Poniman ) and Soemadi ( Ali Sarosa ) , and a daughter named Soepinah ( Soelami ) . She loves them all , but Soemadi receives the most of her attention because he receives little from his father , the merchant Soebagio ( Ali Joego ) . As the children grow , they marry and move away , and eventually only Soemadi is left . Although he begins a relationship with a young woman named unk ( Soerip ) , he does not marry her as his income is not enough to support them . On the night of Eid al Fitr , the family gathers for the holiday . Unknown to the family , Soebagio is leading a double life as a robber , and that evening the police come to arrest him . To protect his father , Soemadi declares himself the culprit , and he is exiled . Feeling guilty for his sins , Soebagio falls ill and dies soon afterwards . Because of their debts , their home and belongings are repossessed , leaving Soegiati to fend for herself . Though wealthy , Achmad and Idris refuse to take Soegiati in , fearing their respective wives unk ( Titing ) and Mariam ( Ning Nong ) . Soepinah and her husband Bakar ( Koesbini ) are willing to take her in , but they live in poverty . Unwilling to burden them , ultimately Soegiati decides to leave and find her own way , depending on the kindness of strangers . Years pass , and Soemadi returns from exile . Encountering his mother , who now lives in poverty , he decides to take revenge on his brothers . Production The Malang based Majestic Film Company announced Air Mata Iboe in June 1941 together with two other films , Boedi unk ( Hidden Wisdom ) and unk Karam ( unk Ark ) . Production began soon afterwards and , by early December 1941 , over 55 reels had been shot , as well as 60 sound reels . Air Mata Iboe was written and directed by Njoo Cheong Seng under his penname M. d 'Amour he had previously directed unk Hati ( Heart and Soul 1941 ) , which also had a tragic ending , for the company . The film was produced by the company 's owner , Fred Young . It starred Njoo 's wife Fifi Young ( no relation to Fred ) , Rd Ismail , Ali Sarosa , and Ali Joego . Other roles were held by established singers of keroncong ( traditional music with Portuguese influences ) , including Soerip , Titing , Soelami , Ning Nong , and Poniman . The film , which used make up to make Fifi Young age into an old woman over the course of its plot , was the actress ' first for Majestic she had been ill during the production of her husband 's debut for the company . The black and white film featured eleven keroncong songs written by music director R. Koesbini , who also had a role in the film . Backing music was provided by Koesbini 's troupe , the unk unk , while songs were performed by the cast . Notes and lyrics for the film 's title song , Air Mata Iboe , were published in the December 1941 edition of Pertjatoeran Doenia dan Film . Release and legacy Air Mata Iboe , which was rated for all ages , was distributed by Columbia Pictures and premiered at Sampoerna Theatre in Surabaya on 24 December 1941 . Also advertised under the Dutch title Tranen unk Moeder ( a literal translation from Malay ) , the film was promoted as a musical extravaganza other advertisements emphasised the size of the cast . An anonymous review in the Soerabaijasch Handelsblad noted the extensive use of keroncong and praised the acting and singing , suggesting that native audiences would flock to see the film . Air Mata Iboe was the last film produced by Majestic Film Company , which closed following the Japanese occupation . During the occupation Njoo , Fifi Young , and Fred Young established their own travelling theatrical troupe , Pantjawarna , though all returned to cinema in the 1950s . Joego likewise returned to film after spending the occupation in theater . Poniman , Sarosa , Ismail , and Soerip all returned to cinema , the men in the 1950s and Soerip in 1973 . Soelami is not recorded as acting in any further productions . A remake of Air Mata Iboe was produced in 1957 , after Indonesia had obtained its independence . Directed by Fred Young , the film had Fifi Young retake her role as unk , while Rd Ismail took the role of Subagio . The remake 's other cast members had not appeared in the original film . The sons Achmad , Idris , and Soemadi were portrayed by Sukarno M. Noor , Boes Boestami , and unk , respectively . The couple 's daughter , renamed Atikah , was played by Farida unk . Air Mata Iboe may be lost . Movies in the Indies were recorded on highly flammable nitrate film , and after a fire destroyed much of Produksi Film Negara 's warehouse in 1952 , old films shot on nitrate were deliberately destroyed . Thus , the American visual anthropologist Karl G. Heider wrote that all Indonesian films from before 1950 are lost . However , JB Kristanto 's Katalog Film Indonesia ( Indonesian Film Catalogue ) records several as having survived at Sinematek Indonesia 's archives , and Biran writes that several Japanese propaganda films have survived at the Netherlands Government Information Service . Explanatory notes
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3,471 | Sleight of hand ( also known as prestidigitation or legerdemain ) refers to fine motor skills when used by performing artists in different art forms to entertain or manipulate . It is closely associated with close up magic , card cheating , card flourishing and stealing . Because of its heavy use and practice by magicians , sleight of hand is often confused as a branch of magic , but is in reality a separate genre of entertainment , as many artists practice sleight of hand without the slightest interest in magic . Sleight of hand pioneers with worldwide acclaim include Dan and Dave , Ricky Jay , David Blaine , David Copperfield , Yann Frisch , Dai Vernon and Tony unk . Etymology and history The word sleight , meaning the use of dexterity or cunning , especially so as to deceive , comes from the Old Norse . The phrase sleight of hand means quick fingers or trickster fingers . Common synonyms from the Latin language include prestidigitation and legerdemain . Seneca the Younger , philosopher of the Silver Age of Latin literature , famously compared rhetoric techniques and illusionist techniques . Association with close up magic Sleight of hand is often used in close up magic , where the sleights are performed with the audience close to the magician , usually in physical contact or within 3 to 4 m ( 9 . 8 to 13 . 1 ft ) . This close contact eliminate theories of fake audience members and the use of gimmicks . It makes use of everyday items as props , such as cards , coins , rubber bands , paper , phones and even unk . A well performed sleight looks like an ordinary , natural and completely innocent gesture , change in hand position or body posture . In addition to manual dexterity , sleight of hand in close up magic depends on the use of psychology , timing , misdirection , and natural choreography in accomplishing a magical effect . Association with stage magic Sleight of hand during stage magic performances is not common , as most magic events and stunts are performed with objects visible to a much larger audience , but is nevertheless done occasionally by many stage performers . The most common magic tricks performed with sleight of hand on stage are rope manipulations and card tricks , with the first typically being done with a member of the audience to rule out the possibility of stooges and the latter primarily being done on a table while a camera is live recording , allowing the rest of audience to see the performance on a big screen . Worldwide acclaimed stage magician David Copperfield often include illusions featuring sleight of hand in his stage shows . Association with card cheating Although being mostly used for entertainment and comedy purposes , sleight of hand is also notoriously used to cheat at casinos and gambling facilities throughout the world . Common ways to professionally cheat at card games using sleight of hand include palming , switching , ditching , and stealing cards from the table . Such techniques include extreme misdirection and years of practice . For these reasons , the term sleight of hand frequently carries negative associations of dishonesty and deceit at many gambling halls , and many magicians known around the world are publicly banned from casinos , such as British mentalist and close up magician Derren Brown , who is banned from every casino in Britain . Association with cardistry Unlike card tricks done on the streets or on stage and card cheating , cardistry is solely about impressing without illusions , deceit , misdirection and other elements commonly used in card tricks and card cheating . Cardistry , or card flourishes , are always intended to be visually impressive and appear extremely difficult to perform . Card flourishing is often associated with card tricks , but many sleight of hand artists perform flourishing without considering themselves magicians or having any real interest in card tricks . Association with card throwing The art of card throwing generally consist of throwing standard playing cards with excessively high speed and accuracy , powerful enough to slice fruits like carrots and even melons . Like flourishing , throwing cards are meant to be visibly impressive and does not include magic elements . Magician Ricky Jay popularized throwing cards within the sleight of hand industry with the release of his 1977 book entitled Cards as Weapons , which was met with large sales and critical acclaim . Some magic tricks , both close up and on stage , are heavily connected to throwing cards . Printed Henry , Hay ( 1975 ) . Cyclopedia of Magic . Dover Publications . ISBN 978 0 486 unk 3 . unk , Jean unk , Frederick , eds . ( 2012 ) . The Royal Road to Card Magic . Courier Corporation . ISBN 978 unk . Jones , Jessica ( 2007 ) . The Art of Cheating A Nasty Little Book for Tricky Little unk and Their Helpless Victims . Simon and Schuster . ISBN 978 unk . Jay , Joshua ( 2008 ) . Magic The Complete Course . Workman Publishing . ISBN 978 unk . unk , Robert ( 2003 ) . Clever Close up Magic . Sterling Publishing Company . ISBN 978 unk . unk , Helen Hopkins , Lisa , eds . ( 2014 ) . Magical Transformations on the Early Modern English Stage . Ashgate Publishing . ISBN 978 unk . unk , John ( 2003 ) . unk 's Magic Tricks . Courier Corporation . ISBN 978 unk . Tarr , William ( 1976 ) . Now You See It , Now You Don 't Lessons in Sleight of Hand . Vintage Books . ISBN 0 394 unk 7 . Whaley , Barton Bell , John , eds . ( 1991 ) . Cheating and Deception . Transaction Publishers . ISBN 978 unk . Online Jones , Finn Olaf ( 22 April 2006 ) . Houdini in the Desert . Forbes . Retrieved 26 February 2015 . Singer , Mark ( 5 April 1993 ) . Ricky Jay 's Magical Secrets . The New Yorker . Retrieved 26 February 2015 . Sleight . Oxford Dictionary . 2015 . Retrieved 26 February 2015 . Wells , Dominic ( 26 January 2008 ) . The Derren Brown Factor . The Times . Retrieved 26 February 2015 .
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3,472 | unk Brighton ( previously known as the The Brighton Forum by unk ) is a complex of serviced offices on a prominent elevated position in the Round Hill area of Brighton , part of the English city of Brighton and Hove . The large Gothic Revival building , by two architect brothers from London , has had three greatly different uses since its construction at the edge of Brighton parish in 1854 for its first 85 years , it trained Anglican unk then it became a military base and records office and in 1988 it opened as a multipurpose business centre and office complex . The elaborate flint exterior is finely detailed in the Gothic style , especially around the windows . English Heritage has listed it at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance . History The ancient Sussex fishing village of Brighthelmston , which in the 18th and 19th centuries developed into the fashionable seaside resort of Brighton , lay within the Anglican Diocese of Chichester . In the 19th century , before the Elementary Education Act 1870 centralised the provision of primary level education and established school boards , most 5 to 12 year olds were taught ( if at all ) at schools founded and sponsored by charities , private benefactors or churches . There were many such church schools in Brighton Anglican churches with their own schools included Christ Church , St Bartholomew 's , St John the Evangelist 's , St Mark 's , St Martin 's , St Paul 's and St Stephen 's . The Diocese established an institute to train female schoolteachers for the Anglican schools in Brighton and the rest of Sussex in Black Lion Street in The Lanes ( the ancient heart of the town ) in April 1842 . This was done in association with the National Society for the Education of the Poor in the Principles of the Established Church . More space was soon needed , so in 1854 it found a site on the west side of Ditchling Road on which to build a larger college . Ditchling Road , which ran across Ditchling Beacon to Ditchling village and then on to Cuckfield and eventually London , became a turnpike in 1770 and was thereafter one of the main north south routes into and out of Brighton . The chosen site was on the north side of Viaduct Road , which was built to link Ditchling and London Roads and which formed the northern edge of Brighton 's ecclesiastical parish and municipal borough until 1873 . The architects William and Edward Habershon were commissioned to design the new building . They were based in London but worked extensively in Sussex buildings they designed separately or together in the county include St Leonards on Sea Congregational Church , St John the Baptist 's Church in Hove , St Helen 's Church in Ore and St Augustine 's Church at unk Hill . They started work at the large corner site in 1854 , and the building was ready later that year . The local firm of Edmund Scott and F.T. Cawthorn extended the building to the rear ( north side ) in 1886 . Teachers continued to be trained at the college ( officially called the Chichester Diocesan Training College for unk ) until 1939 . As World War II approached , the institution closed and the building was auctioned but before it could be sold , the Royal Engineers requisitioned it for their use during wartime . They used it as a base for their operations , then after the war it became their archives and records office . In 1987 , they moved out , and the vacant building was threatened with demolition . A local campaign helped it receive listed status , offering a degree of protection , and the building 's future was secured when it was bought and converted into a complex of serviced offices . It opened in November 1988 as the Brighton Business Centre , and was later renamed the Brighton Forum . The Brighton Forum was listed at Grade II by English Heritage on 22 March 1988 . This status is given to nationally important buildings of special interest . As of February 2001 , it was one of 1 , 124 Grade II listed buildings and structures , and 1 , 218 listed buildings of all grades , in the city of Brighton and Hove . Architecture Brighton Forum is built on a high , prominent corner position , giving it good visibility from the west and south and long southward views . unk flint is the main building material , augmented by stone dressings and some yellow brickwork to the quoins . The roof is laid with tiles . The two storey faade to Viaduct Road is E shaped and regular , with a symmetrical seven bay plan . The first and seventh bays project further forward than the centre ( fourth ) bay , which is formed by an elevated entrance porch . This has lancet windows on the sides , grouped under single hood moulds and with a string course . The doorway is under a segmental arch which is topped by a gable . The rest of the ground floor has larger lancets arranged in pairs and with a small trefoil above . The south facing walls have two pairs together , while on the inward facing walls of the first and seventh bays there are two sets of paired windows placed some distance apart . At first floor level , similar paired lancets and trefoils rise as gabled dormers above the roofline . The south walls of the first and seventh bays have prominent five light oriel windows , canted to form a 1 3 1 pattern of trefoil headed panes . These oriel windows are supported on ornate corbels . Above these at first floor level , and also above the entrance porch , there are three light trefoil headed windows set under a segmental arch shaped hood mould . Many of the windows on the south side have plate tracery . The eastern face ( to Ditchling Road ) has eight bays and a carriage arch at the north end . The first four bays have trefoil headed lancet windows , while the next four have simpler straight headed windows . The carriage arch is segmental headed . The first floor has eight dormers . On the west side , the roof is cross gabled the gables are parallel to , rather than perpendicular to , the ridge .
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3,473 | Mixes is the fourth remix album by Australian recording artist Kylie Minogue . It was released on 3 August 1998 , by Deconstruction Records . The album contains remixes of tracks from her sixth studio album , Impossible Princess ( 1997 ) . The remixes were done by DJs such as Brothers in Rhythm , Junior Vasquez , and Todd Terry . The remixes was influenced by various genres of dance music , such as electronica and dance pop . The album was originally scheduled for a 1999 release , but Deconstruction pre unk the release date of Mixes in the United Kingdom to August 1998 , since the Australian counterpart , Impossible Remixes ( 1998 ) , had been released earlier than its original date . With favourable critical reception , Mixes charted in the United Kingdom at number sixty three on the UK Albums Chart , her highest remix album at the time . The Brothers in Rhythm remix of Too Far was released as a promotional single in the UK and North America . Background In October 1997 , Minogue released her sixth studio album , Impossible Princess . Then in January 1998 , Minogue begun rehearsals on the low budget tour , Intimate and Live . Minogue intended to only perform in Australia , but strong public demand in the United Kingdom prompted her to schedule dates there . With tickets selling out instantly , more shows were announced in both Australia and the UK . Minogue started the tour in early June 1998 and confirmed that she would release Cowboy Style , the fourth single from the Impossible Princess album , and revealed plans of two remix albums , one for Australia and one for the UK . In July 1998 , Deconstruction and Mushroom confirmed the release of two remix albums entitled Mixes and Impossible Remixes respectively . Deconstruction said the Mixes album would be released as a triple vinyl set and set the release date for the following year . However , fans voiced their concerns on expensive import prices for global shipping and with increasingly popular demand , Deconstruction scrapped the idea and released the remixes on a two set compact disc , and forward the triple vinyl at a later date . This allowed Deconstruction to release the album earlier and Mixes was released on 3 August 1998 in the UK . Mushroom released Impossible Remixes on 8 July 1998 , but initial pressings were on sale two months earlier . Material The album shares nine remixes from the Impossible Remixes album four remixes of Breathe , two remixes of Did It Again and one remix of Some Kind of Bliss , along with three remixes of Minogue 's promotional single Too Far . The remixes had all been previously featured in Minogue 's CD singles . All tracks were co written by Minogue , with additional song writing assistance by James Dean Bradfield , Dave Ball , Ingo Vauk , Steve Anderson and David Seaman . In 1997 , Minogue travelled to Los Angeles , California to re record her vocals for the Breathe remixes . Mixes is a dance remix album , and according to Brendan Swift at AllMusic , the songs are well noted where constant repetition is heard at it 's most catchy with a hint of something we know other dance melodies used ' again and again . ' Charlie Porter from Amazon.co.uk commented about some songs remixes Brothers In Rhythm work their slinky magic on Too Far , Sash Takes the album down a Euro trance path , then the good old Trouser Enthusiasts turn Did It Again even more saucy . Release and reception The artwork was photographed by British photographer Simon Emmett and designed by Farrow Design , who both contributed to the cover sleeve of Impossible Remixes . The artwork shows a simple yet subtle silhouette of Minogue which later appeared on the tour guide for the Intimate and Live concerts . After completing the shoot , Emmett was asked by Minogue to shoot the sleeve for her single Cowboy Style , and his most recent work with Minogue was shooting her on Glamour magazine in July 2012 . Jenny Stanley Clarke , who wrote the biography Kylie Naked , felt the release seemed nothing more than to run out Kylie 's contractual obligation for a required third Deconstruction album . She favoured the contributions of high profiled DJ 's . Charlie Porter from Amazon.co.uk discussed Impossible Princess ' sob story , highlighting the albums title change , single releases , and album release as factors to it . He then stated This remix album takes away some of that records pretensions ( yes , it was a touch flawed ) , and puts our favourite Australian back on the party floor , where she belongs . He concluded Yes sir , that girl can boogie please don 't try and turn into an indie queen again . Mixes debuted at sixty three on the UK Albums Chart on the entry date 15 August 1998 . The album was Minogue 's highest charting remix album in the UK , until it was taken over by Boombox , which peaked at twenty eight . Mixes also charted on the UK Physical Albums Chart , which compile the top 100 albums based on physical CD sales it also reached at number sixty three . It is also Minogue 's final album from Deconstruction . Singles and promotion The Brothers in Rhythm remix of Too Far served as the albums promotional single on 21 May 1998 . Too Far was originally selected as a potential single for Impossible Princess , but Deconstruction decided to release Some Kind of Bliss instead . Too Far was released as a promotional single in the UK by Deconstruction and North America by BMG , but Deconstruction refused to promote it after BMG released it without discussion . The vinyl included a bonus remix side by Junior Vasquez . Both the original version , and the remix version received critical acclaim from most critics , whom highlighted it as an album stand out . Too Far has been included on two of her concert tours Intimate and Live Tour and Showgirl The Homecoming Tour . Track listing Credits and personnel All credits and personnel adapted from Mixes liner notes Charts
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3,474 | Ghost Stories was a pulp magazine which published 64 issues between 1926 and 1932 . It was one of the earliest competitors to Weird Tales , the first magazine to specialize in the fantasy and occult fiction genre . It was a companion magazine to True Story and True Detective Stories , and focused almost entirely on stories about ghosts , with many of the stories written by staff writers but presented under pseudonyms in a true confession style . These were often accompanied by faked photographs to make the stories appear more believable . Ghost Stories also ran original and reprinted contributions , including works by Robert E. Howard , Carl Jacobi , and Frank Belknap Long . Among the reprints were Agatha Christie 's The Last unk ( under the title The Woman Who Stole a Ghost ) , several stories by H.G. Wells , and Charles Dickens ' The Signalman . The magazine was initially successful , but began to lose readers , and in 1930 was sold to Harold Hersey . Hersey was unable to reverse the magazine 's decline , and Ghost Stories ceased publication at the start of 1932 . Publishing history and contents Fantasy and occult fiction had often appeared in popular magazines prior to the twentieth century , but the first magazine to specialize in the genre , Weird Tales , did not appear until 1923 . Ghost Stories , which was launched in July 1926 , was one of Weird Tales ' earliest competitors . The publisher , Bernarr Macfadden , also published true confession magazines such as True Story Ghost Stories followed this format , with the contents mostly written by the publisher 's staff writers , and attributed in print to a first person narrator . The magazine was initially printed on slick paper , which was sufficiently good quality to allow photographs to be used , and many of the stories had accompanied photographs purporting to be of their protagonists . These were replaced by line drawings when the magazine switched to a pulp layout in July 1928 . Ghost Stories did occasionally print contributions from outside writers , including The Apparition in the Prize Ring , by Robert E. Howard , under the pseudonym John unk . Frank Belknap Long , Hugh B. Cave , Victor Rousseau , Stuart Palmer , and Robert W. Sneddon all sold stories to Ghost Stories , and Carl Jacobi 's first published story , The Haunted Ring , appeared in the final issue , though this was not his first sale unk , which he had sold to Weird Tales , did not appear in print until the following month . In addition to original material , Ghost Stories included a substantial number of reprints , including well known Victorian ghost stories such as The Signalman by Charles Dickens , and The Open Door by Mrs. Oliphant . Agatha Christie 's The Last unk appeared in the November 1926 issue , under the title The Woman Who Stole a Ghost , and six stories by H.G. Wells were reprinted , including both ghost stories such as The Red Room and stories with less obvious appeal to Ghost Stories ' readership , such as Pollock and the unk Man . Arthur Conan Doyle 's The Captain of the unk appeared in the April 1931 issue , and he also contributed a non fiction piece , Houdini 's Last Escape , which appeared in March 1930 . An arrangement was set up by Macfadden with Walter Hutchinson , a U.K. publisher , to exchange suitable material with The Sovereign Magazine and Mystery Story Magazine , two of Hutchinson 's U.K. genre pulps , and many stories appeared on both sides of the Atlantic as a result . The magazine was initially fairly successful , but sales soon began to fall . In March 1930 Harold Hersey bought the magazine from Macfadden and took over as editor , but he was unable to revive the magazine 's fortunes . In 1931 the schedule slipped to bimonthly , and three issues later the magazine ceased publication , probably because readers grew bored the limited scope meant that the contents of the magazine eventually became predictable . The final issue was dated December 1931 January 1932 . Bibliographic details Ghost Stories was published by Bernarr Macfadden , under the imprint Constructive Publishing Co . , of unk , New Jersey , until the March 1930 issue , after which it was taken over by Good Story Magazine Co. of New York , which was run by Harold Hersey , who had earlier edited The Thrill Book . The editorial director of Constructive Publishing during MacFadden 's ownership was Fulton Oursler his assistants , who worked on the magazine , were Harry A. Keller , W. Adolphe Roberts , George Bond , Daniel Wheeler , and Arthur B. Howland , who ( in that order ) each spent close to a year editing , though the dates of transition for each are not known . When Hersey took over , his assistant was Stuart Palmer . The magazine began as a slick , in bedsheet format and switched to pulp layout with the July 1928 issue it remained as a pulp until the end of its run with the exception of eight issues in large pulp format from April to December 1929 . There were six issues per volume , with the last volume including only four issues . The price was 25 cents throughout it had 128 pages when it was pulp sized , and 96 pages when it was a bedsheet and when it was a large pulp . No anthologies have selected their contents solely from Ghost Stories , but two magazines have done so True Twilight Tales and Prize Ghost Stories , both published by League Publications , a subsidiary of the company which owned the rights to the original stories , MacFadden Bartell . Prize Ghost Stories published one issue , dated 1963 , and True Twilight Tales published two , dated Fall 1963 and Spring 1964 . Both magazines were in large pulp format , with 96 pages , and both were priced at 50 cents . The first issue of True Twilight Tales was edited by Helen Gardiner , who probably also was the editor of Prize Ghost Stories the second issue of True Twilight Tales was edited by John M. Williams . There may have been other issues of both titles , as neither was numbered .
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3,475 | The Kaga Rebellion or unk Uprising was a large scale revolt in Kaga Province ( present day southern Ishikawa Prefecture ) , Japan , in late 1487 through 1488 . Togashi Masachika , who ruled Kaga Province as shugo , had been restored to power in 1473 with aid from the Asakura clan as well as the Ikk ikki , a loose collection of lesser nobility , monks , and farmers . By 1474 , however , the Ikk ikki grew discontent with Masachika , and launched some initial revolts , which were easily quelled . In 1487 , when Masachika left on a military campaign , between one hundred thousand and two hundred thousand Ikk ikki revolted . Masachika returned with his army , but the Ikk ikki , backed by several disaffected vassal families , overwhelmed his army and surrounded him in his palace , where he committed seppuku . The former vassals of Masachika granted the position of shugo to Masachika 's uncle Yasutaka , but over the next several decades the Ikk ikki increased their political hold on the province , which they would effectively control for almost a century . Background and initial revolts During the 15th century in Japan , peasant revolts , known as ikki , became much more commonplace . During the turmoil of the nin War ( 1467 1477 ) and subsequent years , these rebellions increased in both frequency and success . Many of these rebels became known as Ikk ikki , a collection of peasant farmers , Buddhist monks , Shinto priests , and unk ( lesser nobles ) who all espoused belief in the Jdo Shinsh sect of Buddhism . Rennyo , the Hongan ji abbot who led the Jdo Shinsh movement , attracted a large following in Kaga and Echizen Province , but distanced himself from the political goals of the ikki , advocating violence only for self defense or defense of one 's religion . During the mid 15th century , a civil war broke out among the Togashi clan over the position of shugo . Togashi Masachika had been driven out of Kaga by his younger brother , Kochiyo . When the nin War broke out in 1467 , Masachika sided with Hosokawa and Kochiyo with unk . In 1473 , Masachika requested aid from Asakura Toshikaga , the lord of Echizen and ally of Hosokawa , as well as from the priests of Yoshizaki , who were associated with Rennyo . Masachika promised the ikki that if restored to power , he would lift his supporters out of their poverty . Further motivating the ikki to support Masachika were the religious policies of Kochiyo Kochiyo patronized the Takada school of Jdo Shinsh , a fierce rival to the Hongan ji for control of the Shinsh sect , and persecuted followers of the Hongan ji . Toshikaga pledged his support , as did the Yoshizaki priests , the latter prior to any approval from Rennyo . Rennyo eventually granted his approval to the actions of the Yoshizaki priests , and with Toshikaga providing military aid and the Ikk ikki rioting throughout Kaga , Masachika quickly overthrew his brother . But Ikk ikki support of Masachika was short lived . By 1474 , the Ikk ikki were in dispute with Masachika as they claimed that he did not fulfill his promises of economic reward , and they attempted a rebellion . Rennyo refused to support their actions and the rebels were quickly defeated and forced to take refuge in unk Province . In 1475 , unk unk , a disciple of Rennyo , falsely claimed that Rennyo supported a renewed uprising in Kaga . The revolt failed , and Rennyo excommunicated unk . Tiring of his efforts to restrain the unruly Ikk ikki , Rennyo left Yoshizaki for the capital region . 1488 revolt Despite the previous revolts having been easily suppressed , unrest continued to simmer in Kaga under Masachika 's governance . The Ikk ikki who remained in Kaga grew bolder , refusing to pay taxes and even seizing tax revenue and land , despite Rennyo 's continued protestations . In 1487 , Masachika left with a large army for mi Province in response to a call for aid from shogun Ashikaga Yoshihisa , who was attempting to suppress the robber baron unk unk . In Masachika 's absence , the Ikk ikki , led by unk , unk , and unk , three sons of Rennyo , launched their revolt and between one hundred thousand and two hundred thousand members took up arms . Masachika quickly returned from his military expedition , and defeated the rebels in several battles . However , several vassal families , discontent with Masachika , joined with the rebels . The rebels cut off Masachika from reinforcements from his allies in the bordering Echizen , unk , and Noto Provinces , and besieged his castle . Masachika , trapped in a burning castle and faced with certain defeat , committed seppuku . In his place , the vassal families who rebelled against Masachika put forward his uncle and ex shugo , Yasutaka , as a candidate to be the new shugo . Aftermath Following the overthrow of Masachika , Kaga became known as unk no unk kuni ( the kingdom of peasants , or province ruled by peasants ) . Shogun Yoshihisa , a friend and ally of Masachika , demanded that Rennyo excommunicate the Kaga ikki . However , Hosokawa unk , an influential political figure who was also a close friend and patron of Rennyo , negotiated a deal which permitted Rennyo to merely reprimand the ikki while unk would join the Hongan ji . In Kaga , Togashi Yasutaka took power as shugo , ruling the province until his death in 1504 . Afterward , under the rule of his son , unk , the ikki began to assert their influence over the vassal families that supported them in the uprising . The ikki soon split into rival political factions and initiated a series of political struggles which culminated in a civil war in 1531 . The heads of the three predominant Hongan ji temples in Kaga , as well as unk , were defeated when unk , a son of Rennyo , brought in Ikk ikki troops from Mikawa Province . Upon unk 's victory , the office of shugo was abolished and the leaders of the opposition were exiled . The Ikk ikki would control Kaga until 1580 , when forces loyal to Oda Nobunaga defeated them .
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3,476 | SMS Wiesbaden was a light cruiser of the Wiesbaden class built for the Imperial German Navy ( Kaiserliche Marine ) . She had one sister ship , SMS Frankfurt the ships were very similar to the previous Karlsruhe class cruisers . The ship was laid down in 1913 , launched in January 1915 , and completed by August 1915 . Armed with eight 15 cm SK L 45 guns , Wiesbaden had a top speed of 27 . 5 knots ( 50 . 9 km h 31 . 6 mph ) and displaced 6 , 601 t ( 6 , 497 long tons 7 , 276 short tons ) at full load . Wiesbaden saw only one major action , the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1 June 1916 . The ship was badly damaged by gunfire from the battlecruiser HMS Invincible . unk between the two battle fleets , Wiesbaden became the center of a hard fought action that saw the destruction of two British armored cruisers . Heavy fire from the British fleet prevented evacuation of the ship 's crew . Wiesbaden remained afloat until the early hours of 1 June and sank sometime between 01 45 and 02 45 . Only one crew member survived the sinking the wreck was located by German Navy divers in 1983 . Design Wiesbaden was ordered under the contract name Ersatz Gefion and was laid down at the AG Vulcan shipyard in Stettin in 1913 and launched on 20 January 1915 , after which fitting out work commenced . She was commissioned into the High Seas Fleet on 23 August 1915 , after being rushed through trials . The ship was 145 . 30 meters ( 476 ft 8 in ) long overall and had a beam of 13 . 90 m ( 45 ft 7 in ) and a draft of 5 . 76 m ( 18 ft 11 in ) forward . She displaced 6 , 601 t ( 6 , 497 long tons 7 , 276 short tons ) at full combat load . Her propulsion system consisted of two sets of Marine steam turbines driving two 3 . 5 meter ( 11 ft ) propellers . They were designed to give 31 , 000 shaft horsepower ( 23 , 000 kW ) . These were powered by twelve coal fired Marine type water tube boilers and two oil fired double ended boilers . These gave the ship a top speed of 27 . 5 knots ( 50 . 9 km h 31 . 6 mph ) . Wiesbaden carried 1 , 280 tonnes ( 1 , 260 long tons ) of coal , and an additional 470 tonnes ( 460 long tons ) of oil that gave her a range of 4 , 800 nautical miles ( 8 , 900 km 5 , 500 mi ) at 12 knots ( 22 km h 14 mph ) . Wiesbaden had a crew of 17 officers and 457 enlisted men . The ship was armed with eight 15 cm SK L 45 guns in single pedestal mounts . Two were placed side by side forward on the forecastle , four were located amidships , two on either side , and two were placed in a superfiring pair aft . The guns could engage targets out to 17 , 600 m ( 57 , 700 ft ) . They were supplied with 1 , 024 rounds of ammunition , for 128 shells per gun . The ship 's antiaircraft armament initially consisted of four 5 . 2 cm ( 2 . 0 in ) L 44 guns , though these were replaced with a pair of 8 . 8 cm SK L 45 anti aircraft guns . She was also equipped with four 50 cm ( 19 . 7 in ) torpedo tubes with eight torpedoes . Two were submerged in the hull on the broadside and two were mounted on the deck amidships . She could also carry 120 mines . The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was 60 mm ( 2 . 4 in ) thick amidships . The conning tower had 100 mm ( 3 . 9 in ) thick sides , and the deck was covered with up to 60 mm thick armor plate . Service history Commanded by Captain Fritz Reiss , Wiesbaden was assigned to the II Scouting Group of light cruisers under Konteradmiral Friedrich Boedicker , which took part in the Battle of Jutland on 30 May and 1 June 1916 . Wiesbaden 's sister ship Frankfurt served as Boedicker 's flagship . The unit was assigned to screen for the battlecruisers of Vizeadmiral Franz von Hipper 's I Scouting Group . At the start of the battle , Wiesbaden was cruising to starboard , which placed her on the disengaged side when Elbing , Pillau , and Frankfurt first engaged the British cruiser screen . At around 18 30 , Wiesbaden and the rest of the II Scouting Group encountered the cruiser HMS Chester they opened fire and scored several hits on the ship . As both sides ' cruisers disengaged , Rear Admiral Horace Hood 's three battlecruisers intervened . His flagship HMS Invincible scored a hit on Wiesbaden that exploded in her engine room and disabled the ship . Konteradmiral Paul Behncke , the commander of the leading element of the German battle line , ordered his dreadnoughts to cover the stricken Wiesbaden . Simultaneously , the light cruisers of the British 3rd and 4th Light Cruiser Squadrons attempted to make a torpedo attack on the German line while steaming into range , they battered Wiesbaden with their main guns . The destroyer HMS Onslow steamed to within 2 , 000 yards ( 1 , 800 m ) of Wiesbaden and fired a single torpedo at the crippled cruiser . It hit directly below the conning tower , but the ship remained afloat . In the ensuing melee , the armored cruiser HMS Defence blew up and HMS Warrior was fatally damaged . Wiesbaden launched her torpedoes while she remained immobilized , but with no success . Shortly after 20 00 , the III Flotilla of torpedo boats attempted to rescue Wiesbaden 's crew , but heavy fire from the British battle line drove them off . Another attempt to reach the ship was made , but the torpedo boat crews lost sight of the cruiser and were unable to locate her . The ship finally sank sometime between 01 45 and 02 45 . Only one crew member survived the sinking he was picked up by a Norwegian steamer the following day . Among the 589 killed was the well known writer of poetry and fiction dealing with the life of fishermen and sailors , Johann Kinau , known under his pseudonym of Gorch Fock , who has since then been honored by having two training unk of the Kriegsmarine and the German Navy , respectively , named after him . The wreck of Wiesbaden was found in 1983 by divers of the German Navy , who removed both of the ship 's screws . The ship lies on the sea floor upside down , and was the last German cruiser sunk at Jutland to be located .
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3,477 | Hurricane Gladys was the farthest tropical cyclone from the United States to be observed by radar in the Atlantic basin since Hurricane Carla in 1961 . The seventh named storm and fifth hurricane of the 1975 Atlantic hurricane season , Gladys developed from a tropical wave while several hundred miles southwest of Cape Verde on September 22 . Initially , the tropical depression failed to strengthened significantly , but due to warm sea surface temperatures and low wind shear , it became Tropical Storm Gladys by September 24 . Despite entering a more unfavorable environment several hundred miles east of the northern Leeward Islands , Gladys became a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind unk September 28 . Shortly thereafter , the storm reentered an area favorable for strengthening . Eventually , a well defined eye became visible on satellite imagery . As the storm tracked to the east of the Bahamas , a curve to the north began , at which time an anticyclone developed atop the cyclone . This subsequently allowed Gladys to rapidly intensify into a Category 4 hurricane , reaching maximum sustained winds of 140 mph ( 230 km h ) on October 2 . Thereafter , Gladys began to weaken and passed very close to Cape Race , Newfoundland before merging with a large extratropical cyclone the next day . Effects from the system along the East Coast of the United States were minimal , although heavy rainfall and rough seas were reported . In Newfoundland , strong winds and light precipitation were observed . Meteorological history On September 17 , a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean off the western coast of Africa . The disturbance followed another tropical wave which became Hurricane Faye several days later , before turning west near the 11th parallel . Based on estimates from the Dvorak Technique , the wave was designated a tropical depression at 18 00 UTC on September 22 . Due to favorable conditions such as low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures , the depression strengthened into a tropical storm and was named Gladys by the National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) on September 24 . After becoming a tropical storm , Gladys slowly intensified as winds increased to 50 mph ( 80 km h ) . The storm then moved west northwest , and on September 25 , Gladys strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale ( SSHWS ) . Despite strong wind shear , the storm maintained minimal hurricane status . However , early on September 28 , the barometric pressure increased to 1 , 000 mb ( 30 inHg ) the NHC notes that Gladys may have briefly weakened into a tropical storm at this time . After passing through the trough that generated the wind shear , the storm began to strengthen again . While moving about 350 miles ( 560 km ) north of Puerto Rico on September 30 , the winds of the storm increased to 90 mph ( 145 km h ) . By this time , an eye was clearly visible on satellite imagery . After holding steady for 36 hours , the storm recurved around a ridge on October 1 . Gladys then began to undergo rapid deepening , becoming a Category 2 hurricane at 18 00 UTC and Category 3 hurricane the following day . Early on October 2 , the storm strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane . At 08 46 UTC on October 2 , Hurricane Hunters measured maximum sustained winds of 140 mph ( 225 km h ) and a minimum barometric pressure of 939 mbar ( 27 . 7 inHg ) . Moving northeast , the hurricane hunters soon observed a pressure of 940 mbar ( 28 inHg ) , making it the one of the most intense high latitude storms ever observed . Despite its distance from Cape Hatteras , the system was briefly observed on radar . It became one of few hurricanes at the time to be seen on radar over 150 mi ( 240 km ) from the continental United States . Thereafter , the storm weakened slightly , and was downgraded to a Category 3 hurricane early on October 3 . Accelerating at unusually high speeds , Gladys passed 70 miles ( 115 km ) southeast of Cape Race , Newfoundland on October 3 . The storm finally merged with a large extratropical cyclone on October 4 . Observation , preparations and impact While over the Atlantic Ocean , a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) C 130 hurricane hunter aircraft flew into Gladys on October 1 on a research mission . The mission was to study the storm and use the information to improve seeding operations for the now defunct Project Stormfury . Gladys was the strongest storm to threaten the East Coast of the United States since Hurricane Hazel in 1954 . Although initially not expected to threaten , meteorologists at the NHC forecast the storm to make landfall along the East Coast of the United States within three days . A hurricane watch was issued for North Carolina 's Outer Banks on October 1 , extending from Cape Lookout to Kitty Hawk . However , the watch discontinued as Gladys pulled away , though the storm was still considered a threat to the nation . In Manteo , residents began laying sandbags and filling their cars up with fuel in anticipation for possible evacuation , and the United States Coast Guard sent a plane equipped with a loudspeaker to warn fishermen of the hurricane . However , despite warnings , about 40 fishermen went to Cape Point near Cape Hatteras due to the increased feeding activities of fish during rough seas . All small crafts were advised to stay out of the water . Elsewhere in the Outer Banks , residents evacuated to hotels in Elizabeth City and four United States Coast Guard servicemen stationed at a lighthouse in Cape Hatteras were evacuated . While passing the Outer Banks , a campground and road was closed due to 8 ft ( 2 m ) waves . As the cyclone moved northward . In all , the effects of the storm on North Carolina were minimal . While tracking rapidly to the southeast of Newfoundland , light rainfall was observed , including 1 . 46 in ( 37 mm ) of precipitation in St. John 's . Strong winds were also reported on the island .
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3,478 | The 1857 Atlantic hurricane season was the earliest season documented by HURDAT the official Atlantic hurricane database to feature no major hurricane . A total of four tropical cyclones were observed during the season , three of which strengthened into hurricanes . However , in the absence of modern satellite and other remote sensing technologies , only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea are known , so the actual total could be higher . An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 has been estimated . Additionally , documentation by Jose Fernandez Partagas and Henry Diaz included a fifth tropical cyclone near Port Isabel , Texas this storm has since been removed from HURDAT as it was likely the same system as the fourth tropical cyclone . The first storm was tracked beginning on June 30 offshore North Carolina . It moved eastward and was last noted on the following day . However , no tropical cyclones were reported in the remainder of July or August . Activity resume when another tropical storm was located southeast of the Bahamas on September 6 . It intensified into a hurricane before making landfall in North Carolina and was last noted over the north Atlantic Ocean on September 17 . The SS Central America sank offshore , drowning 424 passengers and crew members . Another hurricane may have existed east of South Carolina between September 22 and October 26 , though little information is available . The final documented tropical cyclone was initially observed east of Lesser Antilles on September 24 . It traversed the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico , striking the Yucatn Peninsula and later Port Isabel , Texas . The storm dissipated on September 30 . In Texas , damage was reported in several towns near the mouth of the Rio Grande River . The season 's activity was reflected with a low accumulated cyclone energy ( ACE ) rating of 43 . ACE is , broadly speaking , a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed , so storms that last a long time , as well as particularly strong hurricanes , have high ACEs . ACE is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34 knots ( 39 mph , 63 km h ) or tropical storm strength . Storms Tropical Storm One The ship Star of the South experienced heavy gales offshore the East Coast of the United States on June 30 . HURDAT lists the first tropical cyclone of the season beginning at 0000 UTC , while located about 100 miles ( 160 km ) southeast of Cape Hatteras , North Carolina . The storm moved slightly north of due east with winds of 60 mph ( 95 km h ) . It was last noted about 265 miles ( 425 km ) north northwest of Bermuda by the bark Virginia late on July 1 . Hurricane Two A tropical storm was first observed east of the Bahamas on September 6 . It moved slowly northwestward towards the coast of the United States and attained hurricane strength early on September 9 . The cyclone continued travelling northwest along the US coast , becoming a Category 2 hurricane whilst off the coast of Georgia on September 11 . On September 13 the cyclone made landfall near Wilmington , North Carolina , but then quickly weakened to a tropical storm and turned eastward into the Atlantic on September 14 . Throughout September 15 , whilst over water , the storm regained hurricane strength and continued northward before becoming extratropical in the mid Atlantic on September 17 . The hurricane caused much coastal damage particularly in the Cape Hatteras area during September 9 and September 10 and then to other parts of the North Carolina coast . Flooding was reported at New Bern . Considerable wind damage also occurred . An article from the Wilmington Journal reported that , It looked as though everything that could be blown down , was down . Fences were prostrated in all directions , and the streets filled with the limbs and bodies of trees up rooted or twisted off . . Several ships were caught in rough seas of the East Coast of the United States . The Norfolk was abandoned in pieces ten miles south of Chincoteague early on the morning of September 14 . Further south , on September 11 , the hurricane struck the steamer Central America which sprung a leak and eventually sunk on the night of September 12 with the loss of 424 passengers and crew . Also on board the ship were 30 , 000 pounds of gold , the loss of which contributed to the financial Panic of 1857 . Hurricane Three Based on reports bark Aeronaut and the schooner Alabama indicating a severe gale , Partagas and Diaz identified a Category 1 hurricane about 405 miles ( 650 km ) east of Charleston , South Carolina between September 22 and September 26 . Sustained wind speeds of 80 mph ( 130 km h ) were observed . No evidence was found for a storm track so the hurricane was assigned a stationary position , at latitude 32 . 5 N , 3 . 5 W. Among the ships which encountered the hurricane was the brig Jerome Knight , which sprung a leak and sunk on the night of September 22 . Hurricane Four The final tropical cyclone was first observed at 0000 UTC on September 24 , while located about 420 miles ( 680 km ) east of Guadeloupe . Initially a tropical storm , it strengthened slightly before crossing the Leeward Islands on September 25 . In Guadeloupe , several ships at the port in Basseterre were swept out to sea . Continuing eastward , the storm soon entered the Caribbean Sea . Early on September 26 , the system strengthened into a hurricane . By September 28 , it was west of the Cayman Islands and had reached Category 2 strength . The storm weakened to a tropical storm after passing Cancun early on September 29 and impacted the Gulf coastline , near the United States Mexico border , at that strength the next day before dissipating . At Port Isabel , Texas , several hundred homes were swept away , and several towns near the mouth of the Rio Grande also sustained damage .
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3,479 | Lena Rivers is a 1910 American silent short drama produced by the Thanhouser Company . The film follows a young woman who leaves home to search for employment and becoming married to a wealthy man , but the marriage is kept secret . The husband is arrested by mistake and by the time he is freed , his wife and child depart and he believes them dead . The young woman entrusts her baby , Lena , to her mother before her death . At age 16 , Lena goes to the city is visited by her father , but the relationship is only known when he sees a picture of her mother in her locket . The film was an adaptation of Mary Jane Holmes ' 1856 novel Lena Rivers and was released on August 12 , 1910 . It had a wide national release and received positive reviews from critics . Plot Though the film is presumed lost , a synopsis survives in The Moving Picture World from August 13 , 1910 . It states At the opening of the play , Granny Nichols ' only daughter is leaving the farm to go to the city in search of employment . We next find her in the city , married to a wealthy man who has forbidden her to make their marriage public as he is afraid his family will object . One day , after a year of happy married life , the husband leaves his wife and baby daughter to go downtown on business . Through a case of mistaken identity , he is arrested , and before he can prove his innocence , to the satisfaction of the police , his wife believing him to have deserted her takes her baby and returns to her mother . The husband , upon regaining his freedom and returning home , finds only a note from his wife saying that he will never see her or the baby again . He mourns his loved ones as dead , thinking that his wife left him contemplating the death of herself and her child . The mother and child return to the farm and there , with her dying breath , the mother entrusts baby Lena to the care of Granny Nichols . Here , on the farm , Lena grows to womanhood never knowing her father 's name . When Lena is 16 her Uncle John decides to take his mother to live with him in the city . Granny refuses to leave without Lena , so she also moves to Uncle John 's home . In the meantime , Lena 's father is a frequent visitor to the home of Uncle John , whom he little thinks is any relation to his dead wife . Here he meets Lena , and unk a locket containing the picture of her mother , which she wears around her neck , recognizes her as his daughter . Not only this but lucky Lena is enabled to marry the man she loves . Cast Violet Heming Anna Rosemond Frank H. Crane Production The story for the production is an adaptation of Mary Jane Holmes ' 1856 novel Lena Rivers . The novel was very popular and reprinted numerous times by 1900 . According to The Atlanta Constitution , the theater stage productions had recently been adapted for the old work in June 1910 . Though newspapers records show the appearance of a stage adaptation by winter 1906 . The writer of the adapted scenario is unknown , but it was most likely Lloyd Lonergan . He was an experienced newspaperman employed by The New York Evening World while writing scripts for the Thanhouser productions . The Thanhouser Company adaptation is the first film adaptation of the book . The film director is unknown , but it may have been Barry O 'Neil . Film historian Q. David Bowers does not attribute a cameraman for this production , but at least two possible candidates exist . Blair Smith was the first cameraman of the Thanhouser company , but he was soon joined by Carl Louis Gregory who had years of experience as a still and motion picture photographer . The role of the cameraman was uncredited in 1910 productions . Though the roles of the leading players are unknown , it is likely that numerous other character roles and persons appeared in the film . Bowers states that most of the credits are fragmentary for 1910 Thanhouser productions . The cast includes both leading ladies of the company , Anna Rosemond and Violet Heming . The other known credit , Frank H. Crane was a leading male actor of the company . Bowers states that most of the credits are fragmentary for 1910 Thanhouser productions . Release and reception The single reel drama , approximately 1 , 000 feet long , was released on August 12 , 1910 . The film had a wide national release , with theater advertisements appearing in Pennsylvania , Minnesota , Washington D. C. , Washington state , and North Carolina . Some advertisements were ambiguous in whether or not the picture of the play was being performed , as one Bell Theatre advertisement shows . The one reel format was very restrictive in terms of allowing complex plots to be told while still being showing action in the production . The release of St. Elmo in March 22 , 1910 was the first adaptation and second film to be released by the Thanhouser Company . The film was reviewed by critics to be too reliant on the use of inter titles to tell the story . The company 's adaptation of The Winter 's Tale would require foreknowledge of the plot to understand the film , but some theaters employed aids to inform the audience of such productions By the adaptation of Uncle Tom 's Cabin the coherency in the story was praised by critics , but this story was both popular and well known subject . The Moving Picture World review provides specific insight to the Thanhouser adaptation 's ability to convey the story to audiences To those who have read Lena Rivers with pleasure the picture will be more than ordinarily entertaining . To those who have not read the story the film presents a narrative not without its interest in offering a quarter hour 's diversion well worthwhile . The New York Dramatic Mirror would commend the picture for its acting and also confirm the adaptations coherency , The well known novel is adapted for a film story with considerable success in this picture . The story is clear and not too complicated , although the film covers all the essential points of the written story .
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3,480 | Maryana bint Fathallah bin Nasrallah Marrash ( Arabic unk unk unk unk unk ALA LC unk bint unk Allh bin unk unk 1848 1919 ) , also known as Maryana al Marrash al unk , was a Syrian writer and poet of the Nahda movement the Arabic renaissance . She revived the tradition of literary salons in the Middle East and was the first Syrian woman to publish a collection of poetry . She may have been the first woman to write in the Arab daily newspapers . Life Background and education Maryana Marrash was born in Aleppo , a city of Ottoman Syria ( present day Syria ) , to an old Melkite family of merchants known for their literary interests . Having earned wealth and standing in the 18th century , the family was well established in Aleppo , although they had gone through troubles a relative of Maryana , Butrus Marrash , was martyred by Greek Orthodox fundamentalists in April 1818 . Other Melkite Catholics were exiled from Aleppo during the persecutions , among them the priest Jibrail Marrash . Maryana 's father , Fathallah , tried to defuse the sectarian conflict by writing a treatise in 1849 , in which he rejected the Filioque . He had built up a large private library to give his three children Francis , Abdallah and Maryana a thorough education , particularly in the field of Arabic language and literature . As quoted by Marilyn Booth , Maryana 's mother was from the famous al unk family . Aleppo was then a major intellectual center of the Ottoman Empire , featuring many thinkers and writers concerned with the future of the Arabs . It was in the French missionary schools that the Marrash family learnt Arabic with French , and other foreign languages ( Italian and English ) . By providing their daughter with an education , at a time when Middle Eastern women received none , Maryana 's parents challenged the then widespread belief that a girl should not be educated so she would not sit in the men 's reception room , as quoted by Marilyn Booth . Thus , Fathallah put his five year old daughter in a Maronite school . Later on , Maryana was educated by the nuns of St. Joseph in Aleppo . She finally went to an English school in Beirut . In addition to her formal education in these schools , where she was exposed to French and Anglo Saxon cultures , she was tutored by her father and brothers , especially on the subject of Arabic literature . The first biographies of Maryana mention that she excelled in French , Arabic and mathematics , and that she played the qanun and sang beautifully . Aleppine historian Muhammad Raghib al unk wrote that she was unique in Aleppo , and that people looked at her with a different eye . Although she had many suitors , she initially wished to remain single . However , she was persuaded to marry after her mother 's death , and chose for husband Habib unk , a scion of a local Christian family . They had one son and two daughters . Literary career As early as 1870 or 1871 , Marrash started contributing articles and poems to journals especially Lisan al hal and al Jinan , both of Beirut . In her articles , she criticized the condition of Arab women , urging the latter regardless of their religious affiliations to seek education and express themselves on matters of concern to them . Her collection of poetry Bint unk ( A Daughter of Thought ) was published in Beirut in 1893 . Marrash was granted permission by the Ottoman government to print her book after composing a poem exalting Sultan Abdul Hamid II . In some of the several other panegyrics included in the collection , she also praised Ottoman governors of Aleppo . Her poetry was much more traditional in style than her brother Francis ' , as exemplified by the elegy she composed to lament his death yet , she was at home with the poetry of French romantics , especially that of Alphonse de Lamartine and Alfred de Musset . Sami Kayyali said about Marrash The emergence of a woman writing in the press and composing poetry in this dark era was a significant event . Our recent history shows that it was rare for even men to read and write her appearance in these dark nights was thus like a bright star in the center of the heavens . Her non fiction works also include a history of late Ottoman Syria , unk Suriya al hadith , the first book on the subject . Marrash 's salon Marrash was famous for the salon she held in the home she shared with her husband . She had travelled to Europe once , and was impressed by what she saw of life there . As related by Joseph Zeidan Upon her return in Aleppo , Maryana Marrash turned her house into a gathering place for a group of celebrated writers who met there on a regular basis to cultivate each other 's friendship and discuss literature , music , and political and social issues . However , according to Joseph Zeidan , there are no proofs supporting whether or not she created her salon after seeing similar ones in Europe in any case , it did not start from scratch , since most of the participants were regular visitors to her family 's home , where they used to meet with her father and two brothers . The members of Maryana 's salon included prominent Aleppine intellectuals of both sexes , in addition to politicians and members of the foreign diplomatic corps . Marrash was fully engaged in the intellectual discourse and would also entertain her guests by playing the qanun and singing . Antun Sha unk has described typical evenings spent at Marrash 's salon Wearing either all black or all white dresses ordered from Paris , Marrash hosted the mixed evening get togethers in which literary topics as varied as the unk a cycle of seven pre Islamic poems or the work of Rabelais were discussed . Chess and card games were played , and complicated poetry competitions took place wine and ' unk flowed freely participants sang , danced , and listened to records played on a phonograph . However , unk unk Watenpaugh has presumed Sha unk 's description to be partly apocryphal .
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3,481 | State Route 31 ( SR 31 ) is a Washington state highway located entirely in Pend Oreille County . The highway , which is 26 . 79 miles ( 43 . 11 km ) long , starts at an intersection with SR 20 in Tiger and travels north to the Canada US border north of Metaline Falls . At the border , SR 31 becomes British Columbia Highway 6 ( BC 6 ) . The route parallels the Pend Oreille River for most of its route and the primary functions of the highway is to serve and connect Tiger , Ione , Metaline and Metaline Falls with British Columbia . Before 1964 , the route from Newport to BC 6 was the northernmost section of Primary State Highway 6 , which ran from Spokane to BC 6 . Originally created in 1964 , SR 31 extended southeast to an intersection with U.S. Route 2 ( US 2 , formerly US 195 ) in Newport . The North Cascades Highway ( SR 20 ) was extended to Newport in 1973 and SR 31 from Newport to Tiger became SR 20 . SR 31 had one auxiliary route , SR 311 , which became SR 211 after SR 20 was extended . Route description State Route 31 ( SR 31 ) is 26 . 79 miles ( 43 . 114 km ) long within Pend Oreille County , Washington from SR 20 in Tiger north to British Columbia Highway 6 ( BC 6 ) at the Canadian border , located north of Metaline Falls . The highway parallels the Pend Oreille River for most of its route and connects Tiger , Ione , Metaline and Metaline Falls with British Columbia . The route also parallels the Pend Oreille Valley Railroad from Tiger to Metaline Falls the railroad extends south to Newport along SR 20 and east to Dover , Idaho . SR 31 starts at an intersection with SR 20 and Tiger East Road in the small community of Tiger . The road turns northwest after the intersection and then curves north after intersecting Vogel Road . After crossing the railroad , the highway forms the eastern boundary of Ione Municipal Airport and later passes Sullivan Lake Road . At the Sullivan Lake Road junction , SR 31 is named McKay Road and crosses the Ione unk to enter the city of Ione . There , the route is renamed Second Street and leaves the city to parallel the Pend Oreille Valley Railroad and the shoreline of the Pend Oreille River . The name of the road changes to Lehigh Avenue , a name that stays with SR 31 until the Canadian border . The railroad crosses the road and later bridges the Pend Oreille River , as the highway turns northwest and reverts northeast . The route reaches Metaline and curves southeast to cross the Pend Oreille River on the Pend Oreille Bridge into Metaline Falls . After turning south and back north , the highway starts to curve multiple times until intersecting Sullivan Lake Road and being directed northeast . The road turns north and crosses two streams before curving northwest and then northeast to Lake unk . After passing Lake unk , SR 31 passes Crescent Lake and Boundary Lake before ending at the Canadian border . SR 31 's northern end at the Canadian border is the easternmost crossing in Washington and is located east of Crawford State Park . History Pre SR 31 ( 1923 1964 ) In 1923 , a system of roads to connect cities throughout Washington was established . One of the roads , State Road 6 , followed a route from Spokane to the Canadian border . The road was named the Pend O unk Highway , a name that would identify the route until 1964 . The state road system was later expanded into a new system in 1937 . During the creation of the Primary and Secondary Highways in 1937 , the road that was State Road 6 became Primary State Highway 6 ( PSH 6 ) . PSH 6 ran from U.S. Route 10 ( US 10 ) and US 195 ( future US 2 ) , north to the Canadian border the route was co signed as US 195 from Spokane to Newport . US 2 was signed over PSH 6 from Spokane to Newport in 1948 and the route became SR 31 from Newport to the Canadian border during the 1964 highway renumbering . During the renumbering , WSDOT replaced the previous system of Primary and Secondary Highways with a new system called State Routes , which is still in use today . SR 31 Newport BC 6 ( 1964 1973 ) SR 31 's previous route ran a total of 73 . 31 miles ( 117 . 98 km ) from Newport northwest to Tiger and north to the Canadian border at BC 6 . The route started in Newport at the intersection of W. Walnut Street ( SR 31 northbound and US 2 eastbound ) and N. Union Avenue ( US 2 westbound ) . Next , the highway went northwest and left Newport to parallel the Pend Oreille River for the rest of its route . The road would also join the Pend Oreille Valley Railroad north to the current southern terminus . SR 31 turned west and passed Lake Newport State Park , located on the shores of the river , before curving northwest and entering the community of unk . From unk , the road goes north to pass SR 311 's northern terminus in Usk and pass the towns of Cusick , Locke and Jared . The highway turned east at Jared and back northwest at Ruby . After Blue Slide and Lost Creek , SR 31 would continue north out of Tiger , which was the eastern terminus of SR 294 . SR 31 from Newport to Tiger later became SR 20 after it was extended on SR 294 and SR 31 in 1973 . SR 311 ( 1964 1973 ) From 1964 until 1973 , SR 31 had an auxiliary route called State Route 311 . The highway ran from US 2 west of Newport , north 15 . 24 miles ( 24 . 53 km ) to SR 31 in Usk . The road was entirely located within Pend Oreille County the southern terminus was located east of Pend Oreille State Park on US 2 and west of Diamond Lake and the community of the same name . SR 311 advanced north past unk Lake and Davis Lake to the northern terminus , which was 2 . 39 miles ( 3 . 85 km ) south of Cusick . SR 311 was established as SSH 6B in 1937 during the creation of the primary and secondary highway system . In the 1964 renumbering , SR 311 was created over SSH 6B . When SR 20 was extended over SR 294 and SR 31 , SR 311 became SR 211 , which it is still currently designated as . Major intersections The entire highway is in Pend Oreille County .
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3,482 | The unk of Peter the Great ( also called St. Nicholas ) was a miniaturized scaled down warship discovered by Peter the Great at the Royal unk Estate in 1688 . It was restored by unk Brandt , and Peter learned to sail using the boat on waters near Moscow . It was stored in the Kremlin of Moscow by Peter and later enshrined in St. Petersburg . Peter continued to use it in state ceremonies and ordered that the boat be sailed down the Neva River on 30 August of every year . It was used in state ceremonies of later Russian monarchs , including the wedding of Catherine the Great and Peter III of Russia , as well as the centennial celebration of St. Petersburg . Catherine built a boathouse in the 1760s to store it . The boat became less important under Soviet rule , along with other objects from the Russian Empire however , patriotism during the outbreak of the Second World War led to a renewal of the importance of Peter the Great and the botik along with him . The boat was moved by the Soviets to the Central Naval Museum where it remains today . In 1997 , the boat left Russia for the first time to be displayed at the World Financial Center . Construction and design The botik ( small boat ) was constructed , either in England or by Danes in Russia using an English design , in the 1640s , and was then called the St. Nicholas . The boat originally belonged to Peter the Great 's grandfather an earlier theory held that the boat was a gift from Queen Elizabeth to Ivan the Terrible in the 1580s . It is the last remnant of the fleet of wooden boats maintained by Peter 's father , Alexis the rest rotted from neglect or were destroyed during the rebellion of unk unk . The boat has a shallow draft and a single mast it measures 7 metres ( 23 ft ) by 2 metres ( 6 ft 7 in ) . It was steered using a tiller connected to a rudder attached to the sternpost . It also has four miniature cannons . Unlike Russian vessels of the time , the boat was designed with the ability to sail against the wind . History Discovery The boat was rediscovered at the Royal unk Estate in 1688 by Peter the Great , then aged about sixteen . The derelict boat was pulled from a pile of debris in either a barn or a storeroom . Peter asked Franz Timmerman , a Dutch seaman , what advantage the newly discovered boat had over Russian boats . Timmerman responded that the boat could sail with or against wind and at Peter 's direction sought out another Dutch seaman , unk Brandt , to restore it . Peter learned to sail the ship on waters near Moscow . Peter the Great In 1701 , Peter had the botik stored in the Kremlin 's Dormition Cathedral . Peter referenced the boat in a draft preface to his 1720 Naval Statute . The published preface was written by Archbishop unk Prokopovich who wrote that the botik served him not only as a childhood pastime , but became the cause of his building a navy , as we now see with wonder and illustrated this with the metaphor , great oaks from little acorns grow . In September of the same year , Prokopovich gave a Sermon in Praise of the Russian Fleet where he stated that the boat was to the navy what the seed is to the tree and that the boat was worthy of being clad in gold . Peter the Great ordered that the boat be displayed in the Kremlin in 1722 in honor of the Peace of Nystad . It was moved from there to the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in May 1723 . Peter sailed the boat down the Neva River on his birthday , 30 May 1723 , along with a convoy of yachts and other ships of the Admiralty . In August of the same year , Peter sailed the boat in a regatta of the Baltic Fleet from St. Petersburg to Kronshtadt . The boat was placed in the unk of the Peter and Paul Fortress on a plinth , inscribed with the words From the amusement of the child came the triumph of the man . After the boat took part in ceremonies on the third anniversary of the Peace of Nystad , 30 August 1724 , Peter ordered that it be sailed or rowed to the Alexander Nevsky Monastery every year on 30 August . Later Russian monarchs The botik was used in many state ceremonies by later Russian monarchies . The boat appeared in a regatta during the 1745 wedding of Peter III of Russia and Catherine the Great . Wearing naval uniform , Empress Elizabeth escorted the botik . Catherine had a boathouse built inside the fortress to house the botik in the 1760s . The boathouse became a major tourist attraction . In 1803 , during the centennial celebration of St. Petersburg under Alexander I , the boat was featured in a flotilla on the Neva it was referred to as the grandfather of the Russian navy a name originally given to it by Peter I. In 1872 , the boat was brought to Moscow in a cortege led by a brother of Alexander II of Russia for the bicentennial celebration of Peter 's birth . It was received by a 101 gun salute and displayed in the great Moscow fair . Soviet era The importance of the boat , like most other memorials from Imperial Russia , was reduced in the early Soviet era . Guidebooks to Leningrad at the time did not reference the boat . The boat was moved to Peterhof in 1928 and remained there until World War II . During the outbreak of World War II , patriotism related to Peter the Great resurfaced . He was referenced as conqueror of Germans and the founder of what became the Soviet Navy . The importance of the boat increased with him , and it was moved to the Central Naval Museum of the St. Petersburg Bourse in September 1940 . Post Soviet era The boat made its first foray outside Russia in 1997 when it was displayed in the Winter Garden Atrium of the World Financial Center in New York City . While being displayed as part of the St. Petersburg A Cultural Celebration festival , the boat was attended to by two preservationists . The preservationists attempted to identify the species of oak used in the boat so that the country of origin could be determined in addition to scraping off dirt and patching cracks .
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3,483 | Bunnies Burrows ( B B ) is a role playing game ( RPG ) inspired by the novel Watership Down . Published by Fantasy Games Unlimited in 1976 , the game centered on intelligent rabbits . It introduced several innovations to role playing game design , being the first game to allow players to have non humanoid roles , and the first to have detailed martial arts and skill systems . Fantasy Games Unlimited published a second edition of the game in 1982 , and the game was modified and republished by Steve Jackson Games as an official GURPS supplement in 1992 . As rabbits , player characters are faced with dangers mirroring those in the real world . The only true monsters in the game are humans , but there are many predators and natural hazards . The characters ' position in the food chain promotes an emphasis on role playing and problem solving over combat . History Originally published by Fantasy Games Unlimited in 1976 , only two years after the first role playing game Dungeons Dragons was published , this edition is now long out of print . The game was inspired by Richard Adams ' fantasy novel Watership Down , and the players were given the opportunity to take on the role of rabbits . As such , the game emphasized role playing over combat for , according to Steffan O 'Sullivan , You 're playing a rabbit , after all how much combat do you want to do David M. Ewalt , in his book Of Dice and Men , commented that Bunnies Burrows pushed setting even farther than other early RPGs like Dungeons Dragons and En Garde , as the player characters were intelligent rabbits and had to compete for food , avoid predators , and deal with internal warren politics . The poor production values provided a barrier to the acceptance of the game . The art , by Charles Loving , was sketchy and of poor quality , while the document as a whole gave the appearance of having been typewritten . Building on this first edition , in 1979 , B. Dennis Sustare wrote Different Worlds Present the World of Druid 's Valley A Bunnies Burrows Campaign in Different Worlds , a magazine published by Chaosium . It detailed how to combine the world of Bunnies Burrows with other fantasy worlds . This was followed by the mini adventure The Jackrabbits ' Lair , written by Daniel J. Maxfield , in Pegasus , a magazine published by Judges Guild . A second edition of Bunnies Burrows was printed in 1982 by Fantasy Games Unlimited , although the continuing popularity of the first edition is evidenced by how it was still being actively played in 2008 . During a rise of retro games in the late 1980s and early 1990s , Steve Jackson Games entered negotiations with Dennis Sustare and Scott Robinson , the current owners of the Bunnies Burrows copyright , to publish an official GURPS supplement . In 1988 , O 'Sullivan wrote an unofficial conversion of Bunnies Burrows to GURPS while the negotiations continued . He indicated that he hoped to one day work on the official supplement . GURPS Bunnies Burrows was published in 1992 . The setting also had an unofficial conversion in 2004 to be used in unk The Anything RPG by Boyd Mayberry under their Rules for Free Fan Supplements and Articles . Gameplay The original game was very innovative for its time ( less than two years after the first published RPG ) . Not only could you play non humanoids for the first time , but it was the first role playing game to have detailed martial arts rules , the first attempt at a skill system , and the first RPG to appeal as widely to women as to men . Bunnies Burrows was the first role playing game to allow for non humanoid play . In addition , it was also the first role playing game to have detailed martial arts rules ( known as Bun Fu ) and the first attempt at a skill system . For its time , the game was considered light years ahead of the Original Dungeons Dragons . Players of Bunnies Burrows take the role of rabbits as their player characters . Interaction with many different animal species is part of normal gameplay . Humans , whose thought processes and motivations are completely alien , are the only monster to be encountered . Bunnies Burrows has the advantage of offering players an intuitive grasp of relative dangers and appropriate actions not possible in game worlds that are substantially fictional . For example , a player is told their character is confronted with a fox . There is an immediate intuition on the amount of peril a rabbit is facing . Although player characters are substantially weaker than many of the dangers they face , the game is one of the first to encourage problem solving and outwitting obstacles , rather than out fighting them . The mechanics of the role playing game system were created specifically for Bunnies Burrows , common at the time of its original publishing . It features eight abilities and eight classes . The task resolution system is based on rolls of percentile dice . Although newer systems have updated game mechanics significantly , the ideas presented in Bunnies Burrows created the framework for modern role playing games . Reception Although the game had incredible role playing potential , the concept of role playing rabbits can be viewed as bizarre , and as such at least one commentator believes that most people thought it was stupid when it was first released . This view is mirrored by Lev Lafayette , who , when describing his first exposure to the game , says Oh , how we laughed . ' Who on earth would want to roleplay a rabbit ' , we mocked . ' What 's the point You can 't do anything ' . Publications Books Bunnies Burrows ( 1976 ) , Fantasy Games Unlimited Bunnies Burrows ( Second edition ) ( 1982 ) , Fantasy Games Unlimited Articles Different Worlds Present the World of Druid 's Valley A Bunnies Burrows Campaign ( B. Dennis Sustare , 1979 ) . Different Worlds , Chaosium The Jackrabbits ' Lair ( Daniel J. Maxfield ) . Pegasus , Judges Guild
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3,484 | Run the World is a song recorded by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez for her seventh studio album Love ( 2011 ) . Written and produced by Terius The Dream Nash and C. Tricky Stewart , Run the World was one of several songs recorded with the duo following Lopez 's move from Epic Records to Island Records . The track originally featured vocals from The Dream and a rap verse from American rapper Rick Ross however , the rap verse was removed during mastering process and The Dream was credited with background vocals instead . According to Lopez , Run the World is about a type of love when you come together you make each other better noting that she shared that love with her husband Marc Anthony . Relating the song to Anthony , Lopez said she believes that they have made each other better artists and people . Run the World is a midtempo pop song that critics compared to Lopez 's 2002 single Jenny from the Block . Production and leak Run the World was written and produced by Terius The Dream Nash and Tricky Stewart . Lopez 's vocals for the song were produced by Kuk Harrell , who also provided backing vocals alongside Anesha Birchett , Lauren Evans and The Dream . The vocals were recorded by Jim Annunziato , Josh Gudwin at Record Plant Recording Studios in Los Angeles , California , Larrabee Studios in Hollywood , California and MSR in New York City , New York . Brian B Luv Thomas and Chris Tek O 'Ryan handled audio engineering of Run the World , with additional engineering from Andrew Wuepper , Pat Thrall , Chris Galland and Chris Soper and assistance from Dustin unk , Nick Banns and Steven Dennis . The song was later mixed by Jaycen Joshua with the assistance of Jesus Garnica at Larrabee Studios . Run the World was leaked onto the internet on September 13 , 2010 . The version that leaked featured guest vocals from American rapper Rick Ross , as well as song 's co producer The Dream . The Dream 's featuring credit was demoted to backing vocals and Ross ' rap was removed from the mastered version of the song . In a February 2011 article about the then upcoming release of Love conducted by Rap Up , Lopez called Run the World featuring Ross one of her favorite songs on the album . Ross ' rap from the song was later removed during the mastering process of the track . Lyrical interpretation Run the World is a midtempo song with a length of three minutes and fifty five seconds ( 3 55 ) . It was cited by Shane Phoenix of Hot Spots as bringing back the old school feel of Lopez 's single Jenny from the Block the feel and style that made ' The Girl from the Block ' Lopez so famous . The song contains nice drum synchs with a real throw back feel , that will get you tapping your foot and unk back and forth . Although Lopez did not write the song herself , Run the World is based on her relationship with husband Marc Anthony . The song is about a type of love when you come together you make each other better . Lopez further stated that she believes that since her and Anthony have been together they have made each other better artists and better people and that 's when you can really run the world . Of working with Stewart and The Dream , Lopez stated that What I love about great producers and writers is that they can take you and transport you right into this moment , but not change you . And that 's what I feel like Tricky and Dream did with this record . They took that ' Jenny from the Block ' side of me , which is still very much a part of who I am and will always be , and they put it right there on that track . According to Scott Shetler of PopCrush , Run the World contains an optimistic message and upbeat melody . Shetler particularly noted the lyric Our love could run the world as a good example of the optimism in the song . Lopez told MTV News at an album release event in May 2011 , that out of all the songs on Love , she was most excited for people to hear Run the World , ( What Is ) Love , One Love , Papi and Starting Over . Lopez stated that They all express different moments in love and that 's what this album was about . You know , sometimes it 's difficult , sometimes it 's amazing , sometimes overwhelming , sometimes you just don 't know what to do . And I hope that I captured all of that on this album . MTV News noted that on the songs , Lopez might be giving us some insight about what she was dealing with in her personal life in the months before it was released . Critical response Digital Spy 's Robert Copsey noted the song to be inspired by J to tha L O The Remixes ( 2002 ) . He concluded by stating that the song was worthy of a standalone release . Monica Herrera from Billboard complimented The Dream for the production of the song and his background vocals . She continued by calling Run the World refreshingly self assured . When the original version of the song leaked online , an editor from Vibe commented that with the help of The Dream and Rick Ross , Lopez takes another shot at running the charts . Shane Phoenix of Hot Spots said that the keys are a little lost and the synth clapping is over used , but the breaks are amazing and the lyrics have something to say . Poppy Reid of The Music Network criticized the song for its reliance on auto tune and lyrics you just don 't expect ( or want ) from a 41 year old . UR Chicago 's Neil Miller , Jr. also gave a negative review of the song , questioning if Run the World was meant for Lopez , stating that Because up until this point , it seemed like we were listening to the album that Brave was meant to be a collection of tracks meant to make us dance , not ones that we 're supposed to blast out of our trunks . unk unk of Radio and Music gave a negative review of the song , stating that it is slow paced and has a miss on beats which leaves listeners wanting for more . Credits and personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of Love .
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3,485 | Wild Barts Can 't Be Broken is the eleventh episode of The Simpsons ' tenth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 17 , 1999 . When Homer , Barney , Lenny , and Carl drunkenly vandalize Springfield Elementary School , it is blamed on the children of Springfield , prompting Chief Wiggum to impose a curfew . The children respond by setting up a pirate radio show in which they reveal the embarrassing secrets of Springfield 's adults . The episode was written by Larry Doyle and directed by Mark Ervin . The concept behind the episode originates from show producer Mike Scully always wanting to do an episode where the children would be subject to a curfew . The episode received an 8 . 9 Nielsen rating , and mostly positive reviews from critics . Plot The Simpsons are at Springfield War Memorial Stadium watching the Springfield Isotopes baseball game . After the first pitch Homer , becomes disappointed by the poor performance of the Isotopes and waits in the car . Six months later , he enters Moe 's Tavern and is informed by Lenny and Carl that the Isotopes are in the playoffs , and have , so far , been playing well . Homer quickly joins in with the fans to support the Isotopes , who end up winning the National League pennant . To celebrate Homer , Lenny , Carl , and Barney go on a drunken binge and accidentally vandalize Springfield Elementary School . The next morning , Homer discovers his car , which is badly damaged , and is oblivious that in reality he and his friends were responsible . Chief Wiggum blindly jumps to the conclusion that the vandalism at the school is the work of kids and immediately enforces a curfew on all of Springfield 's children , prohibiting them from being on the streets after sunset . Bart and Lisa , as well as the other children of Springfield , are annoyed with not being allowed out after sunset . The children soon rally together to rebel and see an old drive in horror movie which they saw advertised on television , called The unk , a film recently discovered in a concrete vault after it was deemed too violent . While at the movie , the movie was interrupted as they are caught by Chief Wiggum . As a punishment , the children must clean a police billboard with Wiggum on it . The children then set up a radio show called We Know All Your Secrets , in which they expose the secrets of the adults of Springfield like the kids in the movie . The children are tracked down at the billboard by Professor Frink 's machine , and an argument between the children and the adults ensues . Unfortunately , the argument rouses the ire of Grampa and the other senior citizens trying to get some sleep , and they vow to teach both groups a lesson . Their revenge turns out to be enforcing a curfew banning everyone under the age of seventy from the streets after dark , which is a measure that passed by a single vote , due to Homer refusing to cast a ballot . Production Mike Scully wanted to do an episode where the children of Springfield would be subject to a curfew . He came up with the idea to do a Kids vs. Adults episode , where the children would be blamed for something the adults have done . The name of the baseball announcer , Denis Conroy , was used because that is the name of writer Larry Doyle 's uncle . Dan Castellaneta ad libbed Homer singing Hitler is a jerk , Mussolini .... It was added in to the episode only for the purpose of filling time . The Chief Wiggum billboard sketch was inspired by Beaver Cleaver getting stuck in a soup bowl billboard during the In the Soup episode of Leave It to Beaver . The music playing when the kids secretly leave their houses to see the movie was written by composer Alf Clausen . The episode 's title is a reference to the movie Wild Hearts Can 't Be Broken . The movie The unk is a parody of the 1960 film Village of the Damned . The sequence showing the children taking the equipment to build their radio transmitter is a recreation of a sequence from the short comedy films Our Gang , featuring similar music and a dog , with Milhouse dressed like Our Gang character Alfalfa . The review Marge reads of Talk to the Hand The writing snaps , crackles and pops was how Variety reviewed the sitcom Just Shoot Me when it first aired in 1997 . The musical argument between kids , adults and seniors is a parody of the song Kids from the musical Bye Bye Birdie . When Lisa is flipping through the radio channels , President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's Infamy Speech can be heard . In the Springfield Elementary School shower room Homer , Barney , Lenny , and Carl sing a medley of Queen songs consisting of We Are the Champions and We Will Rock You . When Cyndi Lauper sings The Star Spangled Banner it is to the tune of her hit song Girls Just Want to Have Fun . Reception Wild Barts Can 't Be Broken finished tied for 40th in the weekly ratings for the week of January 11 17 , 1999 with a Nielsen rating of 8 . 9 . The episode has met with mostly positive reviews . In his review of The Simpsons ' tenth season , James Plath of Dvdtown.com noted Wild Barts Can 't Be Broken as pretty decent . Peter Brown of If regards Lard of the Dance , Marge Simpson in Screaming Yellow Honkers , Wild Barts Can 't Be Broken , and Homer Simpson in Kidney Trouble as some of the best episodes of the season . The authors of the book I Can 't Believe It 's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide , Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood , wrote that the episode was a curious unmemorable episode with a good chunk in the middle . Neither the opening with The Isotopes nor the finale with the rather dire song help this one at all , and frankly , if it wasn 't for the superb parody of Village of the Damned , and the kids ' revenge by revealing their family 's secrets , it 'd sink without trace . In 2007 , Simon Crerar of The Times listed Lauper 's performance as one of the thirty three funniest cameos in the history of the show .
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3,486 | Fingerprints The Best of Powderfinger , 1994 2000 is a greatest hits album by Australian alternative rock band Powderfinger , released on 30 October 2004 in Australia . The album contained tracks from the Powderfinger 's first four albums , as well as two previously unreleased songs , Bless My Soul and Process This . Bless My Soul was also released as a single . On 17 February 2009 , Fingerprints was released in the United States with an alternate track listing including more recent songs and discarding older songs to align with releases that had previously been released in the US . The album was released on the back of the band 's success on the TV show , Grey 's Anatomy , which featured two songs from the album Dream Days at the Hotel Existence . Recording and production Prior to the release of Fingerprints The Best of Powderfinger , 1994 2000 , there was some talk of the idea that a best of album would be a mistake by the band , as they were generally seen as the end of an artist 's creative haul . Australian Music Online , publishing a Universal Music Australia press release , said these fears were not justified , and that the album would be a Powderfinger biography that really tells the story better than anyone can on paper . MTV Scene writer Craig unk also commented on fears about the death of the band , stating that he spoke to Bernard Fanning about the band 's death as it 's inevitable to talk when someone releases a best of album . Fanning denied that the band was finished , instead claiming that Fingerprints The Best of Powderfinger , 1994 2000 was spawned due to a deal with the band 's record label . He also assured readers that the band had another album planned . Ciao reviewer unk agreed with Universal 's assessment , stating that If there ever was a band , in my opinion , that needed a greatest hits album , it 's Powderfinger . However , he noted another issue which had some influence on the production of the album the issue of which songs to include . As the band had only released five albums , they were forced to mostly include the singles they had previously released . Throughout production stages , the album was not referred to as Fingerprints The Best of Powderfinger , 1994 2000 , but rather by its alternative title From Heavy Metal to Centenary Medal . It is unknown when the band decided on the final title of the album . Album and single releases Fingerprints The Best of Powderfinger , 1994 2000 was released on 30 October 2004 in Australia , and entered the ARIA chart on 14 November that year . It spent 17 weeks , peaking at 2 for one week . The album was certified double platinum . Bless My Soul , the only single released from the album , failed to chart . It did , however , appear on the Triple J Hottest 100 in 2004 , at position 9 . Process This , which was not released as a single , appeared at 68 . Response Fingerprints The Best of Powderfinger , 1994 2000 was received well by reviewers . Sputnikmusic contributor unk gave the album a perfect five , describing it as perfect way to introduce you to the band . New song Bless My Soul was seen in a positive light , with the comment it has a great opening , with neat little guitar fills popping up all over the place . However , the reviewer dislike Process This , stating the song had a try hard feel about it . unk reviewer Dave Hardwick gave the album three stars , stating that the cynic in me can 't help asking whether that is the point alluding to the overbearing presence of industry politics regarding the release of a Best Of collection , and complaining of a lack of surprises in the choice of tracks . However , he agreed that the album was a good starting point for those new to the band . Ciao reviewer unk rated the album positively . The new songs on the album were praised , with the comment both of which are stunning , and stating that none of the songs were disappointing . The review highly recommended the album , and again stated that it was an excellent introduction to the band . unk commentator Elissa said the album contained an excellent selection of songs that represented essence of the band from its signature melodies , and said that Bless My Soul was set to become a Powderfinger favourite . Track listing Unlike many ' Greatest Hits ' projects , Powderfinger did not include notable singles Good Day Ray , The Metre , Take Me In or any single from their first album , Parables for Wooden Ears , including instead fan favorites , Thrilloilogy , Belter and Sink Low . Bless My Soul 4 06 ( Previously unreleased ) My Happiness 4 36 ( Odyssey Number Five ) Waiting for the Sun 3 54 ( Odyssey Number Five ) Pick You Up 4 19 ( Double Allergic ) Passenger 4 20 ( Internationalist ) Don 't Wanna Be Left Out 2 12 ( Internationalist ) These Days 4 36 ( Two Hands version ) The Day You Come 3 58 ( Internationalist ) D.A.F. 3 30 ( Double Allergic ) My Kind of Scene 4 37 ( Odyssey Number Five ) Like a Dog 4 20 ( Odyssey Number Five ) Already Gone 3 28 ( Internationalist ) Process This 3 22 ( Previously unreleased ) Belter 4 13 ( Internationalist ) Living Type 3 25 ( Double Allergic ) Thrilloilogy 6 10 ( Odyssey Number Five ) Sink Low 2 12 ( Parables for Wooden Ears ) US track listing My Happiness 4 36 ( Odyssey Number Five ) Lost and Running 3 42 ( Dream Days at the Hotel Existence ) Love Your Way 4 31 ( Vulture Street ) These Days 4 36 ( Two Hands version ) Waiting for the Sun 3 54 ( Odyssey Number Five ) ( Baby I 've Got You ) On My Mind 3 20 ( Vulture Street ) Sunsets 3 49 ( Vulture Street ) My Kind of Scene 4 37 ( Odyssey Number Five ) Stumblin ' 3 46 ( Vulture Street ) Drifting Further Away 3 40 ( Dream Days at the Hotel Existence ) Passenger 4 20 ( Internationalist ) Nobody Sees 4 14 ( Dream Days at the Hotel Existence )
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3,487 | SpongeBob 's Last Stand is the eighth episode of the seventh season and the 134th overall episode of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants . It originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on April 22 , 2010 , in celebration of Earth Day . The series follows the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom . In this episode , SpongeBob and Patrick protest the construction of a highway that would destroy Jellyfish Fields . The episode was written by Aaron Springer , Steven Banks , and Derek Iversen , and was directed by Andrew Overtoom and Tom Yasumi . Upon release , the episode met positive reviews . On March 16 , 2010 , the episode became available on DVD . Similar to that of The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie , the episode was originally planned to be the final episode of the series , but Nickelodeon decided to keep it on afterwards . Plot summary Early one day , SpongeBob and Patrick become the first visitors to a new section of Jellyfish Fields . As they wander in the area , they discover a sign that states that a super highway will be built through Jellyfish Fields . Believing that the highway will pollute and ultimately destroy Jellyfish Fields , SpongeBob resolves to prevent the highway 's creation . SpongeBob asks Mr. Krabs for assistance , but he supports the highway , as it can bring more customers to the Krusty Krab . SpongeBob then shows Mr. Krabs the highway 's blueprint , which shows that the highway with concrete columns will run over the Krusty Krab and end directly at the Chum Bucket , revealing that Plankton is responsible for the highway 's development . Mr. Krabs thus decides to support SpongeBob . They both go to the Chum Bucket and ask Plankton to not develop the highway , but he states that , already , the whole rest of the town has unanimously voted to build the highway . Refusing to give up , SpongeBob and Patrick peacefully petition to stop the highway . Nobody listens to them , however , and they are quickly exiled for their actions . Shortly after arriving there , they see a parade meant to commemorate the groundbreaking of the highway . It is rapidly built and , as SpongeBob predicted , it turns Jellyfish Fields into a wasteland . A few days later , the Krusty Krab 's business quickly dwindles due to the highway . Believing that no one will come to the Krusty Krab , Mr. Krabs decides to finally give Plankton the Krabby Patty formula . Mere seconds before he does , however , the jellyfish from Jellyfish Fields invade Bikini Bottom and start attacking civilians . Seeing this as an opportunity to demolish the highway , SpongeBob makes an appeal to the people , who agree to destroy it . Everybody in Bikini Bottom turns against Plankton and destroys the pavement and the columns of the highway ( Plankton , who thinks his highway is unk , tries to save it but gets run over ) . Jellyfish Fields is restored instantly to its natural state . Production SpongeBob 's Last Stand was written by Aaron Springer , Steven Banks , and Derek Iversen . Springer also served as storyboard director . Directed by Andrew Overtoom and Tom Yasumi , the episode was part of Nickelodeon 's 2010 Earth Day celebration . The episode originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on April 22 , 2010 , following a two hour marathon of nature themed SpongeBob episodes . A tie in game to the episode was released online prior to its television airing . According to Nickelodeon , kids will learn about the environment through different levels at different Bikini Bottom locales . Nickelodeon officially announced the episode on a press release on April 5 , 2010 . According to the network , SpongeBob and Patrick learn the ' Shelly Super Highway ' is coming to Bikini Bottom right through Jellyfish Fields They must find a way to galvanize their neighbors , or it could be the end for Jellyfish Fields forever . It was promoted as SpongeBob 's campaign to save the jellyfish . Writer Banks told that the episode never set out to teach environmental lessons . He said When you entertain someone and make it funny , sometimes you can get a message across ... Not that we 're out here to send messages everywhere . The episode featured two musical numbers , including Give Jellyfish Fields a Chance , a salute to the 1960s protest songs with similarities to John Lennon 's Give Peace a Chance . Banks , on the song , said that It is a sort of Bob Dylan meets John Lennon . On March 16 , 2010 , prior to the episode 's television airing , the episode was released on the DVD compilation of the same name in the United States and Canada , on July 18 , 2011 in region 2 , and on June 6 , 2011 in region 4 . The DVD features six other episodes including Pet or Pests , unk Overload , unk Pants , Overbooked , No Hat for Pat , and Toy Store of Doom . It was also released on the series ' season seven DVD compilation , alongside 25 other episodes . Reception According to the Nielsen Media Research , Nickelodeon averaged 2 . 1 million total viewers . SpongeBob SquarePants was ranked as the number one program on broadcast and basic cable in April and scored the number one telecast , SpongeBob 's Last Stand , with kids 2 11 for the month . The episode received positive reviews from critics . Paul Mavis of DVD Talk said the episode have a nicely worked out story and strong , integrated gags . He added it 's a particularly well crafted entry . C. S. unk of The Numbers said There are a number of funny gags on this double length short , but it feels padded . It 's also heavy handed . I do like that they have a message to go with the jokes , but it would have been more effective if it were more subtle . Josh Rode of DVD Verdict described the episode as decent . Shannon Gosney of The Mommy Files said there were many parts where my boys just burst out laughing . Even I found myself laughing at times .
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3,488 | The Worship Project is the fifth independent album by American Christian rock band MercyMe . Produced by the band and recorded by Jim Bryson ( the band 's keyboardist ) , the album was released on October 14 , 1999 . In contrast to the band 's previous efforts , which were influenced by grunge music , The Worship Project is a worship album . MercyMe wrote songs for the album using a basic verse chorus style so as to be easy to learn and sing along to and to easily fit on a PowerPoint screen . The album incorporates alternative , rock , and pop musical styles , as well as rootsy elements like organs and violins . Like most independent albums , The Worship Project did not appear on any record charts after its release and received little attention from music critics , with the exception of a review in the UK Christian music magazine Cross Rhythms . However , the album was much more successful than the band 's previous efforts , selling over 60 , 000 copies within a year . The band would release one more independent album before signing with INO Records and releasing their first major studio album , Almost There ( 2001 ) . Several songs from The Worship Project were included on the album , including I Can Only Imagine , which became the band 's breakthrough single and the first Christian song to receive a double platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Background and composition MercyMe formed in 1994 by vocalist Bart Millard , guitarist Mike Scheuchzer , and keyboardist Jim Bryson . The band later brought on drummer Robby Shaffer and bassist Nathan Cochran . Prior to the release of The Worship Project , MercyMe had independently released four Christian alternative rock albums , drawing influence from the grunge style popular at the time . While playing live , however , the band realized that their original songs from these albums failed to connect with their audiences . In contrast , their covers of popular worship songs received a greater reception among live audience , leading the band to write and produce a whole album of original worship songs . The Worship Project was MercyMe 's first attempt at producing corporate worship songs . With the exception of Beautiful , which was written solely by Cochran , the lyrics on the album were written by Millard , while the music was composed by the entire band . The band utilized a simple verse chorus format when writing songs the album , with the songs being designed to easily fit on a PowerPoint screen . The only song on the album not to utilize this format , I Can Only Imagine , was included at the last minute , and only because it was important to Millard , who wrote the song reminiscing about his dad 's death . The album was recorded at The Pig Sty in Fort Worth , Texas . It was produced by the band , engineered and mixed by Bryson , and mastered by Eric Wolf at Wolf Mastering in Nashville . The Worship Project has been described as being a worship album , drawing influences from rock , pop , and alternative music . Mike Rimmer of Cross Rhythms noted the album occasionally features rootsy elements as well as Hammond style organs and faint violins . The album 's opening song , Here With Us , had been described as a rock song . In the Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music , Mark Allan Powell considered Happy Little Love Song as being a Pearl Jam type anthem fit for arenas . Powell also described Hearts Sing Louder as being influenced by Smash Mouth , and felt It 's My Joy had a bluesy rhythm with 70s organs the song also samples Joyful , Joyful We Adore You . Release , reception , and impact The Worship Project was released on October 14 , 1999 . The band also issued The Worship Project Kit , which included the album as well a devotional and the words and chords to the songs . The album was sold through the Internet as well as bookstore signings . Copes of the album were produced by the band in their garage . Like most independent albums , The Worship Project did not appear on any record charts and met with limited fanfare . In the October 1 , 2000 edition of Cross Rhythms , Mike Rimmer gave the album seven out of ten stars . Rimmer praised the album as being far superior to most major label worship albums , but felt that it all sounds curiously familiar without being distinctive ... whilst this is a good effort , it falls short of being amazing . Sales for The Worship Project far exceeded sales of the band 's previous independent records according to Millard , whereas their previous albums would be lucky to sell 1 , 000 copies in a year , The Worship Project sold over 60 , 000 copies within a year . Millard estimated the album 's overall sales at 100 , 000 other sources peg the album 's sales as of 2006 at 60 , 000 or 65 , 000 copies . The difficulty of selling the album directly , in addition to having to book and manage for themselves , led the band to pursue a contract with a record label . The band would release one more independent album , 2000 's Look , before signing with INO Records and releasing their 2001 album Almost There . Two songs from The Worship Project were re recorded and included on Almost There I Can Only Imagine and Cannot Say Enough . I Can Only Imagine was released as the album 's second single and became the band 's breakthrough hit , topping the US Christian radio charts and receiving a GMA Dove Award for Song of the Year before becoming a hit on US mainstream radio as well . It became the first Christian song to be certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , signifying sales of over 2 million digital copies of the song . Another song from The Worship Project , Hearts Sing Louder , was included on the band 's 2011 Family Christian Stores exclusive album The Worship Sessions . Personnel ( Credits from the album liner notes ) Track listing ( Credits and tracklist from the album liner notes )
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3,489 | Typhoon Ida , also known as the Kanogawa Typhoon ( unk , Kanogawa Taif ) , was the third deadliest typhoon in Japan . On September 20 , Ida formed in the Western Pacific near Guam . It moved to the west and rapidly intensified into a 115 mph ( 185 km h ) typhoon by the next day . On September 22 , Ida turned to the north and continued its quick rate of intensification . Two days later , the Hurricane Hunters observed a minimum barometric pressure of 877 mb ( 25 . 9 inHg ) , as well as estimated peak winds of 325 km h ( 200 mph ) . This made Ida the strongest tropical cyclone in the world at the time , although it was surpassed by Typhoon June 17 years later . Ida weakened as it continued to the north northeast , and made landfall in Japan on southeastern Honsh with winds of 80 mph on September 26 . It became extratropical the next day , and dissipated on the 28th to the east of the country . Ida caused torrential flooding to southeastern Japan , resulting in over 1 , 900 mudslides . Damage was estimated at 50 million , and there were 1 , 269 fatalities . Meteorological history Tropical Storm Ida formed east of Guam on September 20 , 1958 . The storm moved westward , crossing the island as it gradually intensified into a typhoon . On September 22 , Ida began a motion to the north , following a path typical of September typhoons . Around that time , the Hurricane Hunters reported that the eye was obscured , and over the subsequent 24 hours the eyewall remained incomplete . However , over a 14 hour period beginning at 1500 UTC on September 23 , Typhoon Ida began undergoing rapid deepening , at times a rate of 5 . 8 mbar ( 0 . 17 inHg ) per hour . The eye became increasingly well defined , and near 0500 UTC on September 24 , a reconnaissance aircraft deployed a dropsonde in the typhoon about 600 mi ( 970 km ) northwest of Guam . The instrument recorded a barometric pressure of 877 mbar ( 25 . 9 inHg ) , which made Ida the strongest tropical cyclone on record at the time as measured by pressure . Around the time of its lowest pressure , the Hurricane Hunters estimated sustained winds in Ida of 345 km h ( 215 mph ) . The reconnaissance flight observed a surface temperature in the eye of 33 C ( 92 F ) with 50 humidity such a warm and dry eye was rather unusual for being located over the open ocean . By less than 36 hours after its peak intensity , aircraft reported that the eye had become filled with clouds , which indicated weakening . Ida 's winds gradually decreased , and the typhoon struck Japan in southeastern Honshu on September 26 with winds of 190 km h ( 120 mph ) and a minimum pressure of 949 millibars ( 28 . 0 inHg ) . The typhoon crossed the eastern portion of the country and emerged from Fukushima Prefecture into the Pacific Ocean . Early on September 27 , Ida became extratropical , and its remnants moved through Sapporo and the Kuril Islands before dissipating late on September 28 . When the Hurricane Hunters reported Ida 's lowest pressure , the measurement was 10 mb ( 0 . 30 inHg ) lower than the previous record of 887 mbar ( 26 . 2 inHg ) , set by a typhoon in 1927 . Ida retained its status as the most intense typhoon until 1973 , when Typhoon Nora attained the same minimum pressure . In November 1975 , Typhoon June surpassed both and attained a minimum pressure of 875 mbar ( 25 . 8 inHg ) . Typhoon Tip in October 1979 became the strongest on record with a minimum pressure of 870 mbar ( 26 inHg ) , which remains the record . Ida 's record pressure and wind speeds were broken by Hurricane Patricia of 2015 , which had a minimum pressure of 872 mbar ( 25 . 8 inHg ) and 215 mph wind speeds . Impact While Typhoon Ida was striking Japan , it produced heavy rainfall that reached 748 . 6 mm ( 29 . 47 in ) on Mount Amagi on the Izu Peninsula . In the capital city of Tokyo , the storm dropped almost 430 mm ( 17 in ) of rainfall , which was the highest daily total since record keeping began in 1876 . Across the country , the rains caused flooding along the Kano , unk , and Arakawa rivers the flooding of the Kano River destroyed to villages along the Izu Peninsula . The rains resulted in at least 1 , 900 landslides , including 786 in the Tokyo area . There was a storm tide of 1 . 1 m ( 3 . 6 ft ) in Chiba , which flooded 120 , 000 acres of rice fields . Along the coast , there were 32 ships that were missing or sunk , and another 20 were damaged . In addition to the rains , the typhoon produced winds of up to 160 km h ( 100 mph ) , with gusts of 130 km h ( 80 mph ) recorded in Tokyo however , wind damage was minor . A report by Time Magazine in early October 1958 referred to Ida as the worst Japanese typhoon in 24 years , since the 1934 unk typhoon . In the Tokyo area , the storm caused widespread power outages and severely disrupted the transportation system . During the storm , communications were severed with the Izu Peninsula , where damage was heaviest . Across the country , more than 520 , 000 homes were flooded , which is the most on record . As a result , the Japan Meteorological Agency gave Ida the special local name of the Kanogawa Typhoon . The typhoon damaged 16 , 743 homes to some degree , including 2 , 118 that were destroyed and another 2 , 175 that were severely damaged . Although it was initially reported that the storm left about 500 , 000 people homeless , the total was later lowered to 12 , 000 people left homeless due to the storm . In addition , the typhoon destroyed more than 244 road or rail bridges . Overall damage was estimated at 50 million ( 1958 USD ) , or 20 . 6 billion yen . Overall , the typhoon injured 1 , 138 people and killed a total of 1 , 269 people this makes Ida the third deadliest storm in the country . Included in the death toll were 381 people that were missing and presumed killed . After the storm subsided , the United States military provided supplies and soldiers to assist in relief work . About 200 firemen along the Kano River assisted in relief efforts .
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3,490 | Heart of a Woman is an album by Etta James , released in June 1999 through RCA Records . The album consists of eleven love songs from James ' favorite female singers , as well as a recording of her most popular song At Last . Recorded in March 1999 , Heart of a Woman was produced by James and John Snyder , with Lupe DeLeon serving as executive producer . James ' two sons Donto and Sametto served as assistant producers , among other contributions guest musicians appearing on the album include Mike Finnigan on organ , Red Holloway and Jimmy Zavala on tenor saxophone , and Lee Thornburg on multiple instruments . Following its release , critical reception of Heart of a Woman was mixed . The album reached a peak position of number four on Billboard 's Top Blues Albums chart . Background and composition Heart of a Woman was released during a period of James ' career in which she parted from singing blues to experiment with country , jazz , and pop music , with mixed reception . Rolling Stone grouped the album in a trifecta with James ' previous ( not counting the 1998 holiday album 12 Songs of Christmas ) , and following studio albums , Life , Love the Blues ( 1998 ) and Matriarch of the Blues ( 2000 ) . Categorized by Rolling Stone as a jazz pop album , Heart of a Woman contains cool , sensuous arrangements between four and seven minutes in length . It consists of eleven love songs by James ' favorite female singers , including Billie Holiday , Carmen McRae , Sarah Vaughan , and Dinah Washington , along with a new recording of her most famous song At Last . The album was recorded in March 1999 , and produced by James and John Snyder , with Lupe DeLeon serving as executive producer . James ' two sons , Donto and Sametto , served as assistant producers , among other contributions . Guest musicians appearing on the album included Mike Finnigan on organ , Red Holloway and Jimmy Zavala on tenor saxophone , and Lee Thornburg on multiple instruments . Gene de Paul and Don Raye 's You Don 't Know What Love Is opens the album , followed by Good Morning Heartache , written by Ervin Drake , Dan Fisher , and Irene Higginbotham . The bossa nova arrangement of Sam unk and Arthur Johnston 's My Old Flame contains a saxophone solo by Red Holloway . Irving Berlin 's Say It Isn 't So is followed by James ' signature song At Last , written originally by Mack Gordon and Harry Warren . Other love songs on the album include Tenderly by Walter Gross and Jack Lawrence , and I Only Have Eyes for You by Al Dubin . James ' vocals on Duke Ellington and Paul Francis Webster 's I Got It Bad ( and That Ain 't Good ) are barely audible as she sings ... I ... can 't ... live without him . I Got It Bad is followed by a cover of John Frederick Coots and Haven Gillespie 's 1933 popular song You Go to My Head . Mike Finnigan performs the Hammond organ solo on A Sunday Kind of Love and throughout the album , filling the gap between blues and jazz music . Closing the album are Sammy Cahn and Saul Chaplin 's If It 's the Last Thing I Do , and Alice Cooper 's Only Women Bleed . James had recorded Only Women Bleed previously . Reception Critical reception of the album was mixed . PopMatters ' review concluded that , given proper arrangements and material , James delivered jazz standards with the same devastating power demonstrated on past blues performances . Staff wrote that James combined jazz and blues elements successfully , creating the sense of loneliness and desperation in which James has always excelled in expressing . PopMatters ' review was positive overall , claiming James ' rough voice made her appear to be in tune with the woeful nature of the songs , though it insisted that her cover of Only Women Bleed was a miscalculation of major proportions . Allmusic 's Stephen Thomas Erlewine called James one of the best blues performers of the twentieth century and wrote in his review of the album that she still possesses an exceptionally strong voice , robust and filled with passion . However , Erlewine also wrote that Heart of a Woman never has the emotional impact James intended it to have . Music critic Robert Christgau 's review simply reads unk cocktail cool and recommended the tracks My Old Flame , and I Only Have Eyes for You . The Advocate 's Andrew Velez felt that I Got It Bad ( and That Ain 't Good ) was the album 's best track . Steve Knopper of the Chicago Tribune thought the arrangements were tinkly and meandering , with James sounding as through she 's learning a foreign language . Knopper considered Only Women Bleed to be the album 's most soulful track . Track listing You Don 't Know What Love Is ( Gene de Paul , Don Raye ) 5 28 Good Morning Heartache ( Ervin Drake , Dan Fisher , Irene Higgenbotham ) 5 28 My Old Flame ( Sam unk , Arthur Johnston ) 6 20 Say It Isn 't So ( Irving Berlin ) 4 55 At Last ( Mack Gordon , Harry Warren ) 4 40 Tenderly ( Walter Gross , Jack Lawrence ) 5 27 I Only Have Eyes for You ( Al Dubin , Warren ) 6 35 I Got It Bad ( and That Ain 't Good ) ( Duke Ellington , Paul Francis Webster ) 6 25 You Go to My Head ( John Frederick Coots , Haven Gillespie ) 4 21 A Sunday Kind of Love ( Barbara Belle , Anita Leonard , Louis Prima , Stan Rhodes ) 6 00 If It 's the Last Thing I Do ( Sammy Cahn , Saul Chaplin ) 5 47 Only Women Bleed ( Alice Cooper , Dick Wagner ) 4 48 Track listing adapted from Allmusic . Personnel Credits adapted from Allmusic . Chart history Heart of a Woman reached a peak position of number four on Billboard 's Top Blues Albums chart . By November 1999 , the album had remained on the chart for seventeen weeks , and remained at number twelve . In 1999 , James had five albums chart in the United States Life , Love the Blues , Heart of a Woman , 12 Songs of Christmas ( 1998 ) , as well as two compilation albums Best of Etta James , and Her Best ( 1997 ) .
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3,491 | Hurricane Dora was the strongest tropical cyclone in the northeastern Pacific in 2011 . Dora developed from a tropical wave south of Honduras on July 18 . Moving northwestward in favorable conditions , the system quickly intensified to tropical storm status and attained hurricane intensity the next day . Rapid intensification ensued shortly thereafter , bringing the storm to its peak intensity on July 21 as a Category 4 hurricane , with a minimum barometric pressure of 929 mbar ( hPa 27 . 43 inHg ) and maximum sustained winds of 155 mph ( 250 km h ) . However , the storm 's path into an area with cool sea surface temperatures and wind shear caused Dora to quickly deteriorate and weaken . By July 24 , Dora had degenerated into a remnant low pressure area west of the Baja California Peninsula . Dora brought stormy conditions to the southwestern Mexico coast and the Baja California Peninsula throughout its existence . Remaining off the coast from its formation to dissipation , Dora 's effects on land were slight . However , the outer rainbands of the hurricane caused flooding and mudslides in southern Mexico and Guatemala , while rough surf toppled a lighthouse and damaged 60 restaurants along the coast . The hurricane 's remnants contributed to heightened shower and thunderstorm activity across New Mexico and Arizona in late July . Meteorological history The origins of Hurricane Dora can be traced back to a tropical wave that emerged off the western African coast on July 7 . The disturbance tracked into the Caribbean Sea seven days later without any signs of development . However , the system encountered an enhanced flow of moisture in the southwestern Caribbean , allowing for organization and the formation of a broad low pressure area on July 15 . Upon tracking into the eastern Pacific , the National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) judged the storm to have had a low chance developing into a tropical cyclone . The next day , thunderstorm activity erupted around the system , and at 1500 UTC on July 18 , the NHC declared the vigorous disturbance to have reached tropical depression status in post season analysis , the NHC found that Dora was already a tropical storm by this point after developing six hours earlier . After development , Dora was steered towards the northwest by a ridge over the Southwestern United States . Situated in an area of favorable atmospheric conditions and warm sea surface temperatures , the tropical cyclone quickly strengthened , developing an intermittent eye before being classified as a hurricane at 1800 UTC on July 19 . At the time , the storm was roughly 245 mi ( 400 km ) south southwest of Puerto Escondido , Oaxaca . Upon reaching hurricane status , Dora began an episode of rapid intensification as its inner structure became more well defined and its eye more permanent . At the same time , unk within the eye often indicators of intense tropical cyclones were noted on satellite imagery . By 1800 UTC on July 20 , Dora had attained the threshold for major hurricane status . After acquiring some characteristics of an annular hurricane early on July 21 , Dora reached its peak intensity at 1200 UTC that day with a minimum barometric pressure of 929 mbar ( hPa 27 . 43 inHg ) and maximum sustained winds of 155 mph ( 250 km h ) , making it a high end Category 4 on the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale . Dora held its peak strength for just six hours before it began to weaken due to cooler waters and the presence of wind shear . Although the hurricane 's initial weakening phase was gradual , the overall structure of Dora quickly deteriorated in response to increasingly hostile wind shear around the storm . The storm 's eye abruptly dissipated less than 12 hours after Dora 's peak intensity , By 1800 UTC on July 22 , the tropical cyclone had weakened to tropical storm intensity , undergoing an 80 mph ( 130 km h ) decrease in winds in just 24 hours . Continued weakening prompted the NHC to downgrade Dora to a tropical depression two days later at 1200 UTC as the system curved west of the Baja California Peninsula . Twelve hours later , the system degenerated into a remnant low pressure area devoid of any thunderstorm activity . The low persisted for a day as it tracked north northwestward , eventually dissipating 70 mi ( 110 km ) south southwest of Baha Asuncin on July 26 . Preparations and impact On July 20 , the Government of Mexico issued a tropical storm watch for a portion of the southwestern Mexico coast from Lzaro Crdenas , Michoacn to Cabo Corrientes this watch remained posted until the early hours of July 21 . Several hours later , another tropical storm watch was issued for coastal areas of the Baja California Peninsula from Agua Blanca to Buenavista , and was later upgraded to a tropical storm warning as Dora neared the coast . However , the warning was lifted after the hurricane weakened and moved away from land . In Guerrero , the threat of flooding prompted the state government to prepare 900 shelters , while boaters were ordered to exercise caution due to rough seas generated by the nearby tropical cyclone . The outer rainbands of the tropical cyclone caused flooding in the states of Chiapas , Guerrero , and Chiapas , resulting in some damage . Several mudslides in southern Mexico and Guatemala were attributed to these rains . Off the Mexican coast , waves from Dora peaked at 13 ft ( 4 . 0 m ) . These high waves toppled a lighthouse roughly 35 mi ( 56 km ) east of Acapulco and also damaged or swept away 60 thatch roofed restaurants around La unk and La unk . After passing southwestern Mexico , Dora was expected to track near the Baja California Peninsula , forcing port authorities in Los Cabos Municipality to suspend boat tours and other tourist services . Four elementary schools were converted into emergency shelters in preparation for potential flooding . Residual moisture from Dora enhanced the monsoonal flow over Arizona and New Mexico , producing showers across the region .
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3,492 | The Well Manicured Man is a fictional character in the American science fiction television series The X Files . He serves as an antagonist to FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) , being a member of the sinister Syndicate the agents seek to foil . Introduced in the third season , the Well Manicured Man served to highlight discord within the ranks of the Syndicate , and ultimately betrayed them by leaking information to Mulder before committing suicide in the series ' first feature film . The character of the Well Manicured Man was portrayed by John Neville in all his appearances ( eight episodes , and the feature film ) . According to the series ' writers , the character represents a non violent voice of reason amongst the series ' antagonists . Neville 's portrayal of the Well Manicured Man has been positively received by critics , who have noted his moral ambivalence and unnervingly genteel manner . Character arc Introduced at the beginning of the third season , the Well Manicured Man is an English member of the Syndicate , a shadow organization within the United States government that exists to hide from the public the fact that aliens are planning to colonize the Earth . He is an important member of the Syndicate , along with The Smoking Man ( William B. Davis ) and The Elder , and was a friend of William Mulder earlier in his life . The Well Manicured Man prefers subtlety to brute force , and will attempt to manipulate those in his way before using physical violence . Although the Syndicate 's goals are opposed to those of Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) , the Well Manicured Man will , at times , aid them with clues or information , believing that letting out a certain amount of information would help to keep the two close , and consequently allow for them to be controlled . The Well Manicured Man openly despises The Smoking Man , seeing him as impulsive and unprofessional . The two maintain a bitter relationship within the Syndicate throughout the series . The Well Manicured Man is instrumental in the Syndicate 's secondary agenda , to develop a vaccination against the black oil used by the aliens as a means of mind control . To this end , he works with Russian double agent Alex Krycek ( Nicholas Lea ) to develop a vaccine , eventually testing it successfully on a Syndicate mole , Marita Covarrubias ( Laurie Holden ) . In the 1998 feature film The X Files , when Scully is infected with the black oil and taken to Antarctica , it is the Well Manicured Man who , having grown disillusioned with the Syndicate , gives Mulder the coordinates needed to find her and a sample of the vaccine needed to cure Scully . The colonists had kept secret a secondary characteristic of the black oil that those infected with it for prolonged periods would gestate a new colonist lifeform , killing the host . Upon discovering this , the Syndicate vowed to work more closely with the colonists in the hope of being spared this fate , while only the Well Manicured Man wished to continue working on a vaccination for resistance . This rejection led to his betrayal of the Syndicate , and to him committing suicide by car bomb before his duplicity was discovered . Conceptual history John Neville has stated that he was originally hired for just two episodes of the series , but that his character was regularly brought back , because the audience simply doesn 't know if he stands for good or evil . Series creator Chris Carter has described the character in terms of his relationship with The Smoking Man , noting that the two characters can be seen as differing in approach , differing in philosophy and differing in personality . Writer Frank Spotnitz has described the Well Manicured Man as sort of the white knight to the Cigarette Smoking Man 's black knight in this chess game that we were playing . The character has also been described by Carter and Spotnitz as the voice of reason within the Syndicate , who believes that violence is the wrong way to protect the secret which they guard . The Well Manicured Man 's suicide scene in the series ' film adaptation went through several conceptual iterations , with outcomes being considered including an imploding car or suicide by concussion grenade , although ultimately a car bomb scene was decided upon . Reception The character of the Well Manicured Man has been positively received by critics . MTV 's Tami unk has called him a legendary TV character , noting his moral ambivalence about the work of his shadow organization and his ability to show empathy for Mulder and Scully . Writing for The A.V. Club , Sean O 'Neal praised the character 's unnervingly genteel manner , noting that he represented the polar opposite of The Smoking Man . Fellow A.V. Club writer Todd VanDerWerff has also been positive towards the Well Manicured Man , feeling that the series would have benefited from making more use of the character . The San Francisco Chronicle 's Bob Graham has praised Neville 's portrayal of the character in the feature film , calling his expository monologue a Wagnerian demonstration of the art of declamation . Writing for the Los Angeles Daily News , Michael Liedtke and George Avalos described the character as white haired , urbane , genteel and dangerous , noting that he was equally at ease in Virginia 's horse country , the unk rooms of Manhattan 's Upper West Side and the antiseptic halls of facilities that house bizarre medical experiments . Den of Geek 's countdown of The Top 10 X Files Baddies described the Well Manicured Man as a super smooth , super creep Brit , noting that he served as a ' boss ' of sorts for the Smoking Man . Speaking of how the role eclipsed his other acting work , Neville has been quoted as saying It 's OK , though . The X Files gave me a kind of profile that I didn 't have before , and one shouldn 't grumble about that .
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3,493 | Battle of Britain is a turn based strategy video game developed and published by Personal Software Services for the Commodore 64 in 1987 . It was also ported to the Amstrad CPC and ZX Spectrum later that year . It is the seventh instalment to the Strategic Wargames series . The game is set during the Battle of Britain campaign of the Second World War and revolves around Britain 's defence and prevention against a Nazi invasion . In the game , the player commands the Royal Air Force as they must defend key cities against the Luftwaffe . The game contains elements of first person shooting during some sequences the game requires a certain number of aircraft to be shot down . Battle of Britain received mixed to positive reviews from critics upon release . Critics praised the fast pace of the gameplay and features , however , one reviewer was divided over the historical accuracy of the battle . Gameplay The game is a turn based strategy and focuses on air battles during the Battle of Britain campaign of the Second World War . The player commands squadrons of the Royal Air Force and the main objective of the game is to defend key cities and radar installations from the Luftwaffe . Unlike previous games in the series , Battle of Britain is the first to include cursor movement , a scrolling interface and elements of first person shooter gameplay . At the start of the game , the player is given the option of how many RAF squadrons they wish to allocate for offensive and defensive purposes a proportionate amount must be sent to attack Luftwaffe squadrons whilst the others will be left to defend key cities from air raids . The game has three individual scenarios training mode , Blitzkrieg mode , and campaign mode . Training mode is set on the lowest difficulty and allows the player to finish the game by using any strategy over an indefinite period of time . Blitzkrieg mode only lasts one in game day and features the Luftwaffe going out for an all out attack simultaneously on every target and city . The campaign mode takes place over a period of 30 days and is set on the highest difficulty . In addition , the campaign mode features historically accurate movements and strategies used by both the RAF and Luftwaffe . At the start of the game , a wave of Luftwaffe aircraft ( in the appearance of unk sprites on the map ) will cross the English Channel and proceed to bomb various cities , air bases and radar installations . In response , RAF squadrons are automatically scrambled and will await orders to either engage invading Luftwaffe fighters or to defend key cities from bombers . When a RAF squadron has successfully engaged a Luftwaffe unit on the map , the game will shift to a first person shooter perspective , in which the point of view is portrayed from a cockpit of either a Spitfire or Messerschmitt Bf 109 , depending on the side chosen . During the dogfight sequence , the number of Luftwaffe casualties will depend on how many aircraft the player was able to shoot down . The game features a changing weather system , which will vary from every hour and will provide obstructions for various forces and installations . For example , fog will close runways whereas storms will temporarily disrupt bombing runs and dogfights . Over time , RAF squadrons will run out of ammunition or fuel , and thus must replenish at the nearest RAF station , which will render them vulnerable to a Luftwaffe bombing run . In between turns , the player has the opportunity to request reinforcements from RAF reserves , however the longer the campaign progresses , the quality of the reserves will diminish . Background Personal Software Services was founded in Coventry , England , by Gary Mays and Richard Cockayne in 1981 . The company were known for creating games that revolved around historic war battles and conflicts , such as Theatre Europe , Bismark and Falklands ' 82 . The company had a partnership with French video game developer ERE Informatique , and published localised versions of their products to the United Kingdom . In 1986 , Cockayne took a decision to alter their products for release on 16 bit consoles , as he found that smaller 8 bit consoles such as the ZX Spectrum lacked the processing power for larger strategy games . The decision was falsely interpreted as pull out from the Spectrum market by a video game journalist . Following years of successful sales throughout the mid 1980s , Personal Software Services experienced financial difficulties , in what Cockayne admitted in a retrospective interview that he took his eye off the ball . The company was acquired by Mirrorsoft in February 1987 , and was later dispossessed by the company due to strains of debt . Reception The game received mixed to positive reviews from critics upon release . Gwyn Hughes of Your Sinclair praised the game 's fast pace and tempo of gameplay , stating it to be fast and furious . However , he criticised the arcade style flying sequences , referring them as dodgy due to the system 's lack of processing power . Philippa Irvine of Crash praised the all action theme of the game , and heralded the campaign as impressive in both terms of content and length . Gary Rook of Sinclair User similarly praised the gameplay , suggesting that it had a workmanship quality to it , however he noted that it lacked a certain sparkle . Gordon unk of ZX Computing found some aspects of the gameplay confusing , comparing it to juggling . A reviewer of Computer and Video Games stated that the game isn 't very good , nor the best Battle of Britain recreation on the market , and criticised on how interceptions were far too easy to make . Reviewing the ZX Spectrum version of the game , a critic from Advanced Computer Entertainment cited the game as historically inaccurate due to it lasting only 30 days , whereas the actual Battle of Britain was considerably longer . However , they praised the gameplay as an enjoyable challenge and a good value for money .
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3,494 | Yasss Bish is a song recorded by Trinidadian American rapper Nicki Minaj for her third studio album The Pinkprint ( 2014 ) , which did not make the final cut . It was written by Minaj along with the song 's producer Soulja Boy , who is also credited as a guest vocalist . The track was released through her official SoundCloud account as the album 's third promotional single on May 3 , 2014 following Lookin Ass and Chi unk . Musically , Yasss Bish is a bounce and drill song with a trap beat . Its stripped back hip hop production encompasses intense Roland TR 808 drum hits , a sinister , echo y vocal loop , eerie shimmering synthesizers , foreboding snares , and the sound of church bells ringing in an ominous tone . Lyrically , Minaj addresses her detractors , and references several celebrities including Donald Sterling and Will and Jada Smith . Minaj performed the song live for the first time along with Soulja Boy on May 18 , 2014 at the Power 106 's Powerhouse , Minaj performed the song again on June 2 at Hot 97 Summer Jam 2014 . Background In September 2013 , Minaj began working on her third studio album , The Pinkprint ( 2014 ) . For the album , Minaj desired to return to her hip hop roots , calling the album 's sound a continuation of The Re Up with a lot more . Minaj told MTV News that the sound of The Pinkprint would be next level and will have so much to talk about , saying I 'm really excited and the people that have been working with me now , have been people that I haven 't worked with before so it 's like they 're bringing a new sound to the album that I 've never experimented with . In April 2014 , Minaj posted a picture on Instagram of herself with Soulja Boy in a studio . Later that month , he posted a Vine of him singing the song 's chorus . Originally , Soulja Boy created the song 's beat but according to him , it lacked a hook . However , he later came up with the idea for the hook while making a Vine , and added it into the song . He then brought the unfinished version of Yasss Bish to Minaj , who was impressed by the song and recorded her vocals . After Minaj sent the track back to him , it took about a day for Soulja Boy to finish mixing the record . In May 2014 , Minaj spoke of the meaning behind the word unk When I watch ' RuPaul 's Drag Race , ' I live for the way they speak . Females , we adopted it and it makes us feel like very cocky and very just like sexy and feminine . So saying ' unk ' as opposed to ' yes , ' it 's just putting on a billion times more attitude to the word ' yes ' . On May 3 , 2014 , Minaj posted the song on her official SoundCloud shortly after midnight . Composition Musically , Yasss Bish has been described as a bouncy drill anthem with a trap beat . It features a stripped back hip hop production that encompasses intense Roland TR 808 drum hits , a sinister , echo y vocal loop , eerie shimmering synthesizers , foreboding snares , and the sound of church bells ringing in an ominous tone . Minaj 's vocals in Yasss Bish have been described as melodic with a fierce message , while her rapping has been compared to the works of Southern hip hop group Migos . Several critics including Kyle Harvey of The unk and Emma Goddard of Bustle noted the change in sound to be the beginning of a new image for Minaj . Harvey said the song continued her goal of shedding her image of a pop act , while Goddard said Although this song is definitely NSFW and it 's completely improbable that we 'll hear British sisters Sophia Grace and Rosie rapping her song anytime soon , Minaj has come back strong with a new image . Lyrically , she addresses her detractors and all those who don 't believe in her . The song opens with Soulja Boy singing unk unk repeatedly for thirty seconds before Minaj begins her rap with Me I 'm just me Me I 'm just real Me I 'm that bitch that be footing the bill . In the line I don 't fuck with you niggas I own the Clippers I own some homes I own my own liquor Minaj references ex Clippers owner Donald Sterling , who was banned from the NBA after leaked recordings of him making racist comments were made public . She also mentions Will and Jada Smith in the lyrics Bitches can 't beat me they ain 't got the skill Eye of the tiger they ain 't got the kill Look up to Jada I love her and Will . Critical reception Upon release , Yasss Bish received positive reviews from music critics . Lewis Corner of Digital Spy named Yasss Bish one of the 10 tracks you need to hear , praising Minaj 's vocal delivery , the inclusion of Soulja Boy , and the line Fix it , Jesus . Colin Joyce of Spin called the song an unbridled joy , and noted that while it may not be included on The Pink Print , the album would be lucky , however , to feature any track half as exuberant as this one . A writer for MTV News UK praised both the production and vocals on Yasss Bish , saying that Minaj 's melodic vocals and fierce rap delivery were the best part of the song . Several critics noted a musical departure from the pop and dance pop stylings of her second studio album Pink Friday Roman Reloaded ( 2012 ) . MTV News writer Emilee Lindner said Yasss Bish found Minaj going back to her original sound , saying Nicki Minaj is letting her rapping speak for itself . She 's left her colorful wigs , fancy robes and tutus behind along with the hyper pop production of some of her biggest hits and now she 's getting back to her roots . Emma Goddard of Bustle praised the chemistry between the two rappers and saw the song as a change from the more upbeat sound found in Minaj 's catalogue , which she credited with show ing her rapping prowess much more . Writing for The Source , Khari said of Yasss Bish Minaj sheds the wig and the excessive make up , we get the most gorgeous Nicki we 've seen in her career . Now , she grabs Soulja Boy for the hook and the beat . You guessed it , score again . Release history
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3,495 | Joseph Michael Staten is an American writer . At Bungie , Staten served as director of cinematics for the studio 's games , including the Halo series he would write mission scripts and movie dialogue for the titles . He has also been involved in managing the expansion of the Halo franchise to other game studios and producers , including Peter Jackson 's Wingnut Interactive . Though not a published author previously , Tor Books approached Staten to write the fifth Halo novelization , Halo Contact Harvest . Released in 2007 , the novel reached 3 on The New York Times bestseller list in the first week of its release and received positive reviews . Staten 's latest project was a brand new game series entitled Destiny , a first person shooter . Staten rejoined Microsoft Studios as a senior creative director on January 9 , 2014 . Biography Early life and education Joseph Staten is the son of a minister who is a professor of theology and philosophy of religion . He was born in San Francisco , California . Staten entered Northwestern University in 1990 with the aspiration of becoming a professional actor . Realizing he was not material to be a leading man , he switched focus to other subjects and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in communication and international studies in 1994 . Staten also has studied at the University of Chicago where is he received a Master of Arts degree in international relations in 1997 . After being rejected for employment with the Central Intelligence Agency , Staten dropped the idea of entering the foreign service and helped his family at their winery in Sonoma Valley . He instead pursued a number of jobs before becoming a staff member at game developer Bungie in 1998 after meeting some of the developers in online Myth matches . Bungie Staten 's former role at Bungie was director of cinematics and was responsible for the in game movies for Bungie 's Halo Combat Evolved , Halo 2 , and Halo 3 . Work on the games at crunch time involved 80 hour weeks and stretches without sleep maxing out at 72 hours . Staten worked alongside three other staff writers at Bungie , each with their own separate role Frank O 'Connor developed Halo 3 's combat dialogue , Rob McLees focused on Halo canon and working with licensing partners , Luke Smith interacted with the fans online , and Staten developed the cinematics and missions scripts . Staten said in an interview that he considered it challenging to write for the games , as first person shooters are all about writing ' between the bullets ' relating plot information to the players in between action sequences . You need to be efficient and clever to give players the story the context they need . But you don 't want to push too hard or they 'll reject it . During his work on the games he read science fiction works by Iain Banks , Robert A. Heinlein , and Vernor Vinge . In addition to his writing contributions , Staten lends his voice to small aliens known as Grunts in all three video games . Though previous Halo novels had been written by professional writers like Eric Nylund and William C. Dietz , publisher Tor Books chose Staten to write the fifth Halo novelization , entitled Halo Contact Harvest . Editor Eric Raab noted in the book 's press release that who better to tell the tale of humanity 's encounter with the antagonistic alien Covenant than Staten , who had intimate knowledge of the series ' story . The novel is an ensemble piece , with the action being narrated from both human and alien viewpoints the work of Staten 's favorite science fiction authors helped teach him the importance of honing a strong , consistent voice . Staten found that writing compelling action involved slowing things down , paradoxically the opposite of the fast paced gameplay of a Halo title . He considered the book the perfect way to elaborate on the Halo story without stripping it down for a video game , . and flesh out the character of Avery Johnson more than the games had allowed . On release , Contact Harvest reached a top spot of 3 on the New York Times bestseller list , where it remained for four weeks . The novel also appeared on the USA Today bestseller 's list at the same time . Reviewers noted that despite being an unproven writer , Staten had succeeded in crafting an excellent novel . The novel 's success was considered to be evidence that games were breaking into the mainstream , and that the genre was becoming increasingly about the story . After Contact Harvest 's release Staten played an important role in the development of offshoots to the Halo franchise . He traveled to New Zealand several times to work with Peter Jackson and Weta Workshop . Staten assisted with the fiction of Ensemble Studios title Halo Wars , and the now postponed Halo film . In interviews , Staten has explained that the game 's protagonist , the Master Chief , would serve as a supporting character rather than who the film would focus on . He worked on story development for the Halo 3 expansion , Halo 3 ODST Staten provided the voices for a number of characters as placeholder audio during the representational play testing of the game in December 2008 . Staten was last working for Bungie as the writer and design director for Destiny . On September 24 , 2013 , Bungie announced that Staten had left the company to pursue new creative challenges . Microsoft Staten rejoined Microsoft Studios as a senior creative director on January 9 , 2014 . On March 12 , 2015 , 343 Industries official website posted a blog post detailing a list of upcoming Halo novels . One of the novels listed is Halo Shadow of Intent authored by Joseph Staten and was released on December 7 , 2015 . He is the lead writer for Microsoft 's unk , which is set to be released in 2016 . Personal life Staten is married and has two children . On June 18 , 2011 , Staten gave the convocation address to the class of 2011 of the Northwestern University School of Communication .
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3,496 | Only in the Way is a 1911 American silent short drama film produced by the Thanhouser Company . The film focuses on a grandmother who seeks the support of her only son and makes herself comfortable in his house . The grandmother is welcomed and befriended by Marie , her crippled granddaughter . The son 's wife cannot bear to live with her mother in law and delivers an ultimatum to her husband Either your mother or I must leave this house The husband decides to put his mother in an old folks ' home and the wife informs her she is to leave immediately . Little Marie is upset that her grandmother has to leave because she was only in the way and decides that as a cripple , so was she . Marie pens a letter to this effect and runs away to the old people 's home . The parents frantically search for Marie and discover the note . They rush to the home and are relieved to find Marie safe and the family departs together with her grandmother . The film was released on January 31 , 1911 and was met with generally favorable reviews . Walton of The Moving Picture News was critical , noting the similarities to a film released four days prior by the Gaumont Film Company . The film survives in the Library of Congress . Plot The official synopsis establishes back story that is not seen or referenced in the beginning of the film , stating that Mrs. Gage turned to her only son for support after losing the last of her savings . Seeking his support , Mrs. Gage arrives at his house and is shown in by her granddaughter , Marie . The son welcomes his mother , but his wife strongly objects to having her mother in law take up residence in the house . Shown to her room by Marie , Mrs. Gage makes herself comfortable and gives Marie a kitten . Granny quickly becomes friends with little Marie . The wife struggles with Granny 's presence , but her patience is tested when Granny knocks over a vase , and in recoiling , knocks over a sewing box . The mother delivers an ultimatum to her husband , Either your mother or I must leave this house Though not shown , the husband decides that his mother is to go . In the next scene , the wife appears and informs her that she must leave . Marie assists her grandmother before her departure to the old folks ' home with her son . She is upset that her grandmother was made to leave because she was only in the way and that as a cripple , she is no different . Marie writes a letter explaining that she is has gone to live with grandma and departs to the old folks ' home . Marie 's journey with the kitten in one arm and her crutch in the other is a difficult one . On the way , she stumbles and loses her crutch in a brook , but she limps onward . Her parents search frantically for Marie and discover the note . The parents head to the old folks ' home and are relieved to find Marie with her grandmother . The wife then informs the nurse that Granny will be leaving . After packing her belongings , the family depart . Production Little is known about the production or cast of the film despite its survival status . The only known credit cited by Q. David Bowers is that of Marie Eline cast in the role of Marie . The director , scenario writer and cameraman are also unknown . Thanhouser Company Film Preservation states that the dramatic theme of the film was family disharmony and it took the expected sentimental approach for the era . Marie who identifies with her grandmother resolves that she is also Only in the Way by virtue of being a cripple . The site states , Thanhouser unk seemed to have had a special sensitivity for the feelings of children which is reflected in this film . Release and reception The single reel film , approximately 1 , 000 feet long , was released on January 31 , 1911 . The Billboard praised Marie Eline 's acting also noting the good photography in its review . The Moving Picture World 's review states , The part played by the grandmother and the one played by the child are both pathetic and cannot fail to touch the heart . The person who can sit through this and not feel the tears welling up to his eyes is strangely callous to human grief and emotion . The New York Dramatic Mirror was open in its praise of the film and its portrayal of the subject through good acting , but it also noted the technical faults with film continuity . The reviewer wrote , It was noticed that the old lady 's bag was brought on immediately , already packed , when she left the son 's house and when she left the home . It looks planned beforehand similar incidents have hurt the excellence of a number of this company 's superior films . It would take time in life , and a split in the film would have done it . Such things spoil the illusion to a spectator . Walton of The Moving Picture News , who typically praised Thanhouser films , deviated from the norm by immediately dismissing the film as a whole by stating , This theme is getting threadbare a foreign film is almost identical . The son 's wife acts brutally to her husband 's mother things are set right by a child . Compare Gaumont 's Twilight of a Soldier 's Life , etc . The acting of the child is charming , and of the old lady a womanly concept even to details . The wife 's grabbing the old lady 's bag , umbrella , etc. was , as one said who sat next to me , ' a bit too rushed . ' This criticism of the theme was accurate because the Gaumont Film Company release had a nearly identical plot except that that grandma was an elderly soldier . The similarities between the two films likely are coincidental because the Gaumont film was released four days prior . Q. David Bowers wrote a modern synopsis of the production which contains more details than the official publication from the Thanhouser company . Bowers was present for the showing of this film at Iona College in New Rochelle on October 7 , 1988 and stated that the film was met with cheers by an audience of about 400 persons . A print of the film is preserved in the Library of Congress .
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3,497 | Milan Carl Miskovsky ( May 11 , 1926 October 15 , 2009 ) was an American who served as a member of the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) . He helped negotiate the release of Gary Powers in 1962 and over 1 , 000 prisoners captured during the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion . After retiring from the CIA , Miskovsky worked for multiple federal agencies , including the Federal Maritime Commission and the Treasury Department . Following the 1967 Detroit riot , Miskovsky was appointed to lead an investigation into the cause of the unrest and interview civil rights leaders for the Kerner Commission . His report ultimately concluded that America was becoming divided into two separate societies based on skin color , and that the societies were inherently unequal . Miskovsky would later serve as the director of the Lawyers ' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law and the general counsel of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board . He helped to establish the Archdiocesan Legal Network in 1989 and worked in private practice from 1981 until his retirement in 2003 . Early life Miskovsky was born on May 11 , 1926 in Chicago , Illinois , the son of Jaroslav Miskovsky , an immigrant from Czechoslovakia , and Ruth Miskovsky ( nee Patera ) . He grew up during the Great Depression , but his family did not suffer significant economic harm . Miskovsky 's father was heavily involved in Chicago politics , and Miskovsky would frequently help him deliver food and clothes to people unable to afford them . He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1949 and worked for the U.S. Forest Service for the next two years . He was reassigned to Washington , D.C. in 1951 , where he was hired by the CIA to investigate forests of the Eastern Bloc . In 1956 , Miskovsky obtained a law degree from the George Washington University Law School . He joined the legal office of the CIA , and was eventually promoted to the rank of assistant general counsel . U 2 incident In 1960 , the Soviet Union shot down a United States U 2 spy plane . The Soviets captured its pilot , Gary Powers , and tried him for committing espionage against the Soviet Union . At first , the United States believed that Powers could be freed by crafting an argument regarding international principles . To this end , Miskovsky and two other lawyers ( Alexander W. Parker and Frank Rogers ) wrote a brief stating that Power 's U 2 plane did not violate Soviet airspace any more than Sputnik violated American airspace . However , the Soviet Union refused to allow foreigners to defend Powers . Powers was ultimately defended by a lawyer who acted as a spokesman for the Soviet government . The Soviets ultimately sentenced Powers to a decade in prison . Working with lawyer James B. Donovan , Miskovsky negotiated with Soviet representatives . Eventually , they agreed upon a trade Gary Powers would be released in exchange for Soviet spy Rudolf Abel held by the United States . Both sides agreed and Powers was released in 1962 . Bay of Pigs invasion In April 1961 , a 1 , 400 man force of Cuban exiles invaded Cuba in an attempt to end the regime of Fidel Castro . The invasion was a failure and two hundred of the exiles were killed while an additional 1 , 200 were captured . Miskovsky , working with lawyer and lead negotiator James Donovan , and Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy , negotiated a release for the prisoners in return for around fifty million dollars in medicine , food and other supplies . The captured Cubans were released days before Christmas . Later life Miskovsky left the CIA in 1964 , and worked for the Federal Maritime Commission and the Treasury Department for four years . In 1967 , Miskovsky was appointed to lead an investigation concerning the 1967 Detroit riot for the Kerner Commission . During the investigation , Miskovsky interviewed civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King , Jr . Miskovsky 's report concluded that the United States was transitioning into two separate societies , one black and the other white , and that the societies were inherently unequal . In 1968 , Miskovsky was appointed the director of Lawyers ' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law , an organization which gave legal aid to those whose civil liberties were violated . From 1977 to 1981 , during the administration of President Jimmy Carter , Miskovsky served as general counsel for the Federal Home Loan Bank Board . From 1981 until his retirement in 2003 , Miskovsky worked for Kirkland Ellis , where he specialized in environmental law . In 1989 , Miskovsky helped establish the Archdiocesan Legal Network , a free legal clinic run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington . The clinic aided people with non criminal legal issues such as bankruptcy , evictions , suspended licenses or delayed social security checks . Miskovsky was originally tasked with recruiting other lawyers for the clinic , but was eventually promoted to chairmen of the clinic 's board . Miskovsky died of lung cancer on October 15 , 2009 in Washington , D.C. Personal life Miskovsky married Anne Miskovsky ( nee Grogan ) , a fellow member of the Central Intelligence Agency , in 1952 . The marriage lasted until 2004 , when Anne Miskovsky died of leukemia . Miskovsky was a member of the Holy Trinity Catholic Church in Georgetown . In 1987 , he and his wife served as the chairs of the Holy Trinity Parish bicentennial celebration . Publications Miskovsky , Milan Van Hook , Matthew ( 1976 ) . Regulation of Forestry Related Nonpoint Source Pollution Under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 . Natural Resources Lawyer 9 ( 4 ) 645 671 . Retrieved 18 July 2015 . Frank , M. Miller , David Miskovsky , Milan Adams , Charles ( 1979 ) . Forest Resources Committee . Natural Resources Lawyer 12 ( 1 ) 105 109 . Miskovsky , Milan Griffith , Janice Fleming , Joseph ( 1983 ) . Recent Developments in Urban Environment Law Committee on Urban Development . The Urban Lawyer 15 ( 4 ) 977 984 .
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3,498 | The Great Otis Redding Sings Soul Ballads , simply referred to as Soul Ballads or Sings Soul Ballads , is the second studio album by American soul singer songwriter Otis Redding , released in 1965 . The album was one of the first issued by Volt Records , a sub label of Stax Records , and Redding 's first on the new label . Like Redding 's debut Pain in My Heart , Soul Ballads features both soul classics and originals written by Redding and other Stax Records recording artists . The recording sessions took place at the Stax studios in Memphis . The album features a stereo mixer made by engineer Tom Dowd , replacing the early mono mixer . The album features the Booker T. the M.G. ' s , the horn section Memphis Horns and the pianist Isaac Hayes , who possibly first appeared on this album , although this is disputed , as he was not credited on the liner notes . Unlike Redding 's debut album , Sings Soul Ballads was released both on Atlantic 's subsidiary Atco Records and Stax 's Volt Records . While the album and its singles were moderately successful on the music charts , it includes Redding 's first top ten single , Mr. Pitiful . The album received mixed critical reception . Recording The recording session took place at the Stax studios in Memphis . Guitarist Steve Cropper and Stax producer Jim Stewart both agreed with engineer Tom Dowd 's decision to install a two track recorder during the recording of Mr. Pitiful . The stereo four input Ampex mixer is used throughout the album , which means that the instrumentation is either in one channel or the other , but the vocals and echo are in only one channel . This is different for mono recordings , where only one channel is used . Sings Soul Ballads features Booker T. the M.G. ' s organist Booker T. Jones , pianist guitarist Steve Cropper , bassist Donald Duck Dunn , drummer Al Jackson , Jr . , and the Memphis Horns , consisting of trumpeter Wayne Jackson , tenor saxophonist Charles unk Axton and baritone saxophonist Floyd Newman . The album contains 12 songs , the majority of which are , as the album 's name implies , soul ballads . The album opens with That 's How Strong My Love Is . Written by Roosevelt Jamison and altered by Cropper , the song was first performed by O. V. Wright on unk Records , where the song was cut by both Jamison and Wright . Redding 's version was released days after the original . The Rolling Stones covered the song shortly afterward and included it on their album Out of Our Heads . Isaac Hayes made his debut as a pianist with Otis Redding , possibly on songs Come to Me or Security . It is unclear because prior to 1966 , the Memphis Musicians Union kept little or no sessions documentation Fantasy Records , who bought Stax in 1977 , has none at all prior to 1966 . That Hayes debuted in 1964 with Redding is known which song remains in question . Come to Me , Redding 's fourth Volt single , was written by Cropper and Phil Walden and became the second song after the Volt session not to feature a horn section . The song is a typical 6 8 ballad and features piano triplets , including an organ . The single peaked at number 69 on Billboard 's Hot 100 chart . Mr. Pitiful was recorded in December 1964 at the Stax studios . The song was written by both guitarist Steve Cropper and Redding , and was their first collaboration . It was inspired by and written as a response to a statement made by radio disc jockey unk Williams , who had nicknamed Redding Mr. Pitiful for sounding pitiful when singing ballads . Cropper heard about this and , while taking a shower , got the idea it would make a good song . In the car on the way to the studio , Cropper proposed the idea with a melody already in mind , humming it to Redding . By the time they reached the studio , the song was written and they recorded it in two or three takes . It was released as a single with the B side That 's How Strong My Love Is . The song became a hit and the album 's most successful track , peaking at number 10 on the Billboard R B and at number 41 on Billboard Hot 100 chart . Release Sings Soul Ballads was released on March 1965 , with four of the songs from the album chosen to be released as singles . Unlike Redding 's first studio album , Pain in My Heart , the album was released both on Atlantic 's subsidiary Atco Records and Stax 's Volt Records . A remastered CD and CS version was released by Atco on the Elektra label in 1991 . On March 8 , 2002 , 4 Men With Beards released a vinyl version . Rhino Atlantic issued a digital download release in the MP3 format on July 29 , 2008 . Reception Sings Soul Ballads received mixed critical reception . Lindsay Planer from Allmusic gave a mixed review of the album . While she liked That 's How Strong My Love Is , Chuck Willis ' It 's Too Late , For Your Precious Love ( previously a hit by The Impressions ) , Sam Cooke 's Nothing Can Change This Love , and Cropper 's Redding 's Mr. Pitiful , she was less enthusiastic about Chained and Bound , I Want to Thank You and A Woman , a Lover , a Friend , which mimic aspects of Cooke 's sound . The second was compared with Another Saturday Night , the latter with Everybody Loves to Cha Cha Cha . She gave the album three of five stars . The Rolling Stone Album Guide , on the other hand , gave the album five stars . Track listing Personnel Credits are taken from The Great Otis Redding Sings Soul Ballads 's liner notes . Musicians Otis Redding vocals Booker T. Jones keyboards , organ , piano Isaac Hayes keyboards , piano Steve Cropper guitar , keyboards , piano Johnny Jenkins guitar Donald Dunn bass Al Jackson , Jr . drums Wayne Jackson trumpet unk Coleman trumpet Floyd Newman baritone saxophone Charles Axton tenor saxophone Production Paul Ackerman liner notes Yves Beauvais reissue producer Loring unk artwork Dan Hersch remastering Bill Inglot remastering Jim Stewart production Charts
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3,499 | The Tic Code ( also known as Lessons in the Tic Code ) is a drama film directed by Gary Winick and written by Polly Draper . It tells of a single mother , the relationship she forms with a jazz musician who has Tourette syndrome , and her young son a jazz piano prodigy also with the disorder . The musician and the boy form a friendship , and the film is loosely based upon the experiences of Draper 's jazz musician husband Michael Wolff , who provided the film 's score . Draper , star of Thirtysomething , portrays the mother and Gregory Hines plays the musician with Christopher George Marquette as the boy . Principal photography took place in 1997 in New York City . The Tic Code appeared at several film festivals in 1998 and 1999 , where it won a number of awards . It received a limited theatrical release in the United States on August 4 , 2000 , and a DVD release in February 2001 . Critical response to the film was generally favorable . Plot The film tells the story of a young boy , Miles Caraday ( Marquette ) , a jazz piano prodigy who has Tourette syndrome , and his divorced mother Laura Caraday ( Draper ) . Miles has a school friend , Todd ( Desmond Robertson ) who seems not to be bothered by Miles ' condition . Miles wants to become a jazz pianist against the wishes of his classical oriented instructor Miss unk ( Carol Kane ) . At a local nightspot , Miles becomes friends with a jazz saxophonist , Tyrone Pike ( Hines ) , who also has Tourette 's but has learned ways to cover up his condition . In the film , Tyrone tells Denny Harley who bullies Miles that the reason they both tic is Tyrone ... because we both know the code . Denny ... Code , what code Tyrone ... ' the tic code ' . Denny So you and Miles made this whole thing up Tyrone No , the C.I.A. did a lot of people know about it now . Filming The Tic Code was in development for five years before finally being made . Principal photography took place on location in New York City in 1997 , on a budget of US 2 million . The film was directed by Gary Winick , who took over after original director Norman Ren died during pre production . It was written by Polly Draper , who also produced alongside Karen unk , Midge Sanford , Sarah Pillsbury and Larry unk . Draper based the screenplay on the experiences of her noted jazz musician husband Michael Wolff , who has Tourette syndrome . Wolff 's involvement as co producer ensured the cooperation of jazz club The Village Vanguard , which granted the production permission to use its name and exterior shots of the building . Herman Leonard loaned his collection of photographs of famous jazz musicians , and the Blue Note jazz club allowed its name to be used on fake fliers . Wolff also provided the film 's piano score , to which Alex Foster also contributed by providing the soundtrack for scenes of Hines ' playing the saxophone . Post production The Tic Code appeared at the first Newport International Film Festival in June 1998 . It was subsequently shown at the Wine Country Film Festival in July August 1998 , and at the Hamptons International Film Festival in October 1998 . It also appeared at several film festivals in 1999 , including the Vancouver Reel to Real Festival on March 3 , 1999 , the Berlin International Film Festival , and the Giffoni Film Festival . On April 2 , 1999 , the film aired on the Starz television network . The distribution rights were subsequently picked up by insurance company backed film library unk Pictures , which buys independent films that have run into financial difficulty . The rights were sold to Lions Gate Entertainment in May 1999 . Lions Gate gave The Tic Code a limited theatrical release in the United States , opening on August 4 , 2000 . It grossed US 205 , 000 from nine theaters and closed on October 5 , 2000 . Cast Gregory Hines plays Tyrone Pike , a jazz saxophonist and Laura 's boyfriend . Hines also studied Wolff to imitate his ticcing and develop the character . During filming , Hines committed himself to spending a full day as a unk after being stared at by a taxi driver , Hines reflected that he had not considered how embarrassing the disorder could be . He also studied tapes of Alex Foster to learn how to finger the saxophone . Polly Draper plays Laura Caraday , Miles ' single mother . Christopher Marquette plays Miles Caraday , a young jazz piano prodigy with Tourette Syndrome . Marquette learned how to play the piano from Wolff . He also studied ticcing from Wolff and watched videotapes , including the documentary Twitch and Shout , to perfect his technique . In preparation for the role , Marquette practiced ticcing in public . The film also features Desmond Robertson as Todd , Miles ' friend Carol Kane as Miss unk , Miles ' music instructor and teacher Robert unk as Denny Harley , a bully Bill Nunn and Tony Shaloub as bartenders Kingston and Phil Camryn Manheim as Mrs. Lily unk , one of Laura 's customers and James McCaffrey as Michael Caraday , Laura 's ex husband . Wolff cameos as Sound Engineer 2 . Awards and reception The Tic Code received generally favorable reviews from film critics . Rotten Tomatoes reported that 77 of critics gave the film a positive write up , based upon a sample of 26 , with an average score of 6 . 6 10 . At Metacritic , which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics , the film received an average score of 64 , based on 17 reviews . In 1998 , the film won the Audience Award for Most Popular Feature at the Hamptons International Film Festival . It also received a special recognition award from the festival jury . Polly Draper won the Bronze Gryphon award for Best Actress at the Giffoni Film Festival , and Christopher George Marquette won the Bronze Gryphon award for Best Actor . In 1999 , the film won the Crystal Bear award at the Berlin International Film Festival . The film also took the Best Overall Film award at the first Vancouver Reel to Reel Festival .
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