id stringlengths 5 24 | kind stringclasses 1 value | lang_pair stringclasses 4 values | question stringlengths 1 457 | context stringlengths 151 2.82k | answers_json stringlengths 36 1.1k | source stringclasses 1 value | target stringclasses 1 value | payload stringlengths 358 3.5k |
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570ffadea58dae1900cd67a7 | qa | DE-EN | Auf der 10-Punkte-Skala von Magnus, was würde eine Homosexuelle betrachtet werden? | From at least the late nineteenth century in Europe, there was speculation that the range of human sexual response looked more like a continuum than two or three discrete categories. Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual). A heterosexual individual may be A0, B5; a homosexual individual may be A5, B0; an asexual would be A0, B0; and someone with an intense attraction to both sexes would be A9, B9. | {"answer_start": [420], "text": ["a homosexual individual may be A5, B0"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570ffadea58dae1900cd67a7", "question": "Auf der 10-Punkte-Skala von Magnus, was würde eine Homosexuelle betrachtet werden?", "context": "From at least the late nineteenth century in Europe, there was speculation that the range of human sexual response looked more like a continuum than two or three discrete categories. Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual). A heterosexual individual may be A0, B5; a homosexual individual may be A5, B0; an asexual would be A0, B0; and someone with an intense attraction to both sexes would be A9, B9.", "answers": {"answer_start": [420], "text": ["a homosexual individual may be A5, B0"]}, "id_raw": "570ffadea58dae1900cd67a7"} | ||
57640 | qa | DE-DE | Welche Bundesländer Grenzen an Thüringen? | Thüringen
=== Dienstleistungen, Handel und Tourismus ===
Der Dienstleistungssektor ist der größte Wirtschaftsbereich in Thüringen. Er ist gekennzeichnet durch niedrige Löhne, wobei zahlreiche Arbeitnehmer von der Einführung des Mindestlohns 2015 profitieren konnten. Unterdurchschnittlich vertreten sind hochwertige Industrie- und Wirtschaftsdienstleistungen, da es im Land weder Konzernzentralen noch Metropolen gibt. Stärker repräsentiert ist dagegen die Logistikbranche, die von den niedrigen Löhnen und der zentralen Lage in Deutschland und Europa profitiert. So entstanden, auch durch den boomenden Onlinehandel, seit 2000 zahlreiche Logistikzentren, insbesondere am Erfurter Ring und entlang der Bundesautobahn 4. Das Handwerk und das Baugewerbe profitieren ebenfalls von der zentralen Lage sowie der regen Bautätigkeit in den Nachbarländern Hessen und Bayern, wo viele Aufträge in diesen Bereichen von Thüringer Firmen ausgeführt werden.
Der Einzelhandel hat sein wichtigstes Zentrum in Erfurt, das bei der Einzelhandelsfläche pro Einwohner einen der Spitzenplätze in Deutschland einnimmt. Die Konzentration auf wenige große Zentren hat dabei seit 2000 deutlich zugenommen, sodass kleine und mittlere Städte mit teils erheblichem Leerstand in diesem Bereich zu kämpfen haben.
Der Tourismus ist ein weiterer wichtiger Wirtschaftszweig, der die drei Bereiche Städtetourismus, Landschaftstourismus und Gesundheitstourismus (teils in Überschneidung) umfasst. Der Städtetourismus mit den Zentren Erfurt, Weimar und Eisenach erlebt ein dynamisches Wachstum, demgegenüber befindet sich der Landschaftstourismus entlang des Rennsteigs im Thüringer Wald und Schiefergebirge in einem andauernden Modernisierungsprozess um Attraktivität und Weiterentwicklung der Angebote im Konkurrenzkampf mit benachbarten Ferienregionen der Mittelgebirge. Insgesamt wurden 2016 rund 9,2 Millionen Übernachtungen gebucht, gegenüber 8,3 Millionen zehn Jahre zuvor. Rund 6 % der Buchungen entfielen auf Auslandsgäste. | [{"answer_id": 59519, "document_id": 44163, "question_id": 57640, "text": "Hessen und Bayern", "answer_start": 849, "answer_category": "SHORT"}] | {"lang_pair": "DE-DE", "id": "57640", "question": "Welche Bundesländer Grenzen an Thüringen? ", "context": "Thüringen\n\n=== Dienstleistungen, Handel und Tourismus ===\nDer Dienstleistungssektor ist der größte Wirtschaftsbereich in Thüringen. Er ist gekennzeichnet durch niedrige Löhne, wobei zahlreiche Arbeitnehmer von der Einführung des Mindestlohns 2015 profitieren konnten. Unterdurchschnittlich vertreten sind hochwertige Industrie- und Wirtschaftsdienstleistungen, da es im Land weder Konzernzentralen noch Metropolen gibt. Stärker repräsentiert ist dagegen die Logistikbranche, die von den niedrigen Löhnen und der zentralen Lage in Deutschland und Europa profitiert. So entstanden, auch durch den boomenden Onlinehandel, seit 2000 zahlreiche Logistikzentren, insbesondere am Erfurter Ring und entlang der Bundesautobahn 4. Das Handwerk und das Baugewerbe profitieren ebenfalls von der zentralen Lage sowie der regen Bautätigkeit in den Nachbarländern Hessen und Bayern, wo viele Aufträge in diesen Bereichen von Thüringer Firmen ausgeführt werden.\nDer Einzelhandel hat sein wichtigstes Zentrum in Erfurt, das bei der Einzelhandelsfläche pro Einwohner einen der Spitzenplätze in Deutschland einnimmt. Die Konzentration auf wenige große Zentren hat dabei seit 2000 deutlich zugenommen, sodass kleine und mittlere Städte mit teils erheblichem Leerstand in diesem Bereich zu kämpfen haben.\nDer Tourismus ist ein weiterer wichtiger Wirtschaftszweig, der die drei Bereiche Städtetourismus, Landschaftstourismus und Gesundheitstourismus (teils in Überschneidung) umfasst. Der Städtetourismus mit den Zentren Erfurt, Weimar und Eisenach erlebt ein dynamisches Wachstum, demgegenüber befindet sich der Landschaftstourismus entlang des Rennsteigs im Thüringer Wald und Schiefergebirge in einem andauernden Modernisierungsprozess um Attraktivität und Weiterentwicklung der Angebote im Konkurrenzkampf mit benachbarten Ferienregionen der Mittelgebirge. Insgesamt wurden 2016 rund 9,2 Millionen Übernachtungen gebucht, gegenüber 8,3 Millionen zehn Jahre zuvor. Rund 6 % der Buchungen entfielen auf Auslandsgäste.", "answers": [{"answer_id": 59519, "document_id": 44163, "question_id": 57640, "text": "Hessen und Bayern", "answer_start": 849, "answer_category": "SHORT"}], "id_raw": 57640} | ||
572fb096a23a5019007fc8a1 | qa | EN-EN | What does gram-positive bacteria have? | Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. In contrast, gram-negative bacteria have a relatively thin cell wall consisting of a few layers of peptidoglycan surrounded by a second lipid membrane containing lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. Lipopolysaccharides, also called endotoxins, are composed of polysaccharides and lipid A that is responsible for much of the toxicity of gram-negative bacteria. Most bacteria have the gram-negative cell wall, and only the Firmicutes and Actinobacteria have the alternative gram-positive arrangement. These two groups were previously known as the low G+C and high G+C Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. These differences in structure can produce differences in antibiotic susceptibility; for instance, vancomycin can kill only gram-positive bacteria and is ineffective against gram-negative pathogens, such as Haemophilus influenzae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. If the bacterial cell wall is entirely removed, it is called a protoplast, whereas if it is partially removed, it is called a spheroplast. β-Lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links in the bacterial cell wall. The enzyme lysozyme, found in human tears, also digests the cell wall of bacteria and is the body's main defense against eye infections. | {"text": ["thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids"], "answer_start": [33]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "572fb096a23a5019007fc8a1", "title": "Bacteria", "context": "Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. In contrast, gram-negative bacteria have a relatively thin cell wall consisting of a few layers of peptidoglycan surrounded by a second lipid membrane containing lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. Lipopolysaccharides, also called endotoxins, are composed of polysaccharides and lipid A that is responsible for much of the toxicity of gram-negative bacteria. Most bacteria have the gram-negative cell wall, and only the Firmicutes and Actinobacteria have the alternative gram-positive arrangement. These two groups were previously known as the low G+C and high G+C Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. These differences in structure can produce differences in antibiotic susceptibility; for instance, vancomycin can kill only gram-positive bacteria and is ineffective against gram-negative pathogens, such as Haemophilus influenzae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. If the bacterial cell wall is entirely removed, it is called a protoplast, whereas if it is partially removed, it is called a spheroplast. β-Lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links in the bacterial cell wall. The enzyme lysozyme, found in human tears, also digests the cell wall of bacteria and is the body's main defense against eye infections.", "question": "What does gram-positive bacteria have?", "answers": {"text": ["thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids"], "answer_start": [33]}, "id_raw": "572fb096a23a5019007fc8a1"} | ||
56e19d84e3433e1400423030 | qa | DE-EN | Welche Reaktion beschreibt diesen Prozess? | In its turn, under anaerobic conditions, the ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)
2 ) can be oxidized by the protons of water to form magnetite and molecular hydrogen. This process is described by the Schikorr reaction: | {"answer_start": [190], "text": ["Schikorr reaction"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56e19d84e3433e1400423030", "question": "Welche Reaktion beschreibt diesen Prozess?", "context": "In its turn, under anaerobic conditions, the ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)\n2 ) can be oxidized by the protons of water to form magnetite and molecular hydrogen. This process is described by the Schikorr reaction:", "answers": {"answer_start": [190], "text": ["Schikorr reaction"]}, "id_raw": "56e19d84e3433e1400423030"} | ||
56fc86e1b53dbe190075511e | qa | DE-EN | Welche besonderen Phonemischen Dinge in einer Sprache ändern sich im Laufe der Zeit? | The particular contrasts which are phonemic in a language can change over time. At one time, [f] and [v], two sounds that have the same place and manner of articulation and differ in voicing only, were allophones of the same phoneme in English, but later came to belong to separate phonemes. This is one of the main factors of historical change of languages as described in historical linguistics. | {"answer_start": [15], "text": ["contrasts"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56fc86e1b53dbe190075511e", "question": "Welche besonderen Phonemischen Dinge in einer Sprache ändern sich im Laufe der Zeit?", "context": "The particular contrasts which are phonemic in a language can change over time. At one time, [f] and [v], two sounds that have the same place and manner of articulation and differ in voicing only, were allophones of the same phoneme in English, but later came to belong to separate phonemes. This is one of the main factors of historical change of languages as described in historical linguistics.", "answers": {"answer_start": [15], "text": ["contrasts"]}, "id_raw": "56fc86e1b53dbe190075511e"} | ||
51632 | qa | EN-DE | What present-day continents were part of Gondwana? | Namibia
=== Geologie ===
Das Gebiet des heutigen Namibia gilt als einer der ältesten Teile der Erdkruste. Schon lange vor der Entstehung des Superkontinentes Gondwana bildeten sich vor mehr als zwei Milliarden Jahren im Gebiet des heutigen Afrika zwei Schelfe: der Kongo-Kraton und der Kalahari-Kraton. Letzterer umfasst große Teile des heutigen Namibia. Durch verschiedene tektonische Vorgänge entstand dann vor etwa 550 Millionen Jahren ein riesiges, zusammenhängendes Festlandgebiet, das die heutigen (Teil-)Kontinente Afrika, Südamerika, Australien, Indien und die Antarktis umfasste: Gondwana.
Vor etwa 150 Millionen Jahren begann dieser Superkontinent allmählich in die heute bekannten Kontinente zu zerbrechen und auseinanderzudriften. Die besonderen, über Jahrmillionen andauernden klimatischen Verhältnisse in Südwestafrika führten dazu, dass viele geologische Strukturen, Vorgänge und Erscheinungen besonders gut erhalten und deshalb auch heute noch zu beobachten sind. Dazu gehört letztlich auch die Namib, die damit als älteste Wüste der Welt gelten darf.
Fish River Canyon.JPG|Fischfluss-Canyon
NamibDesert01.jpg|NamibRand-Naturreservat – Wolwedans
Okavango bei Rundu.JPG|Okavango bei Rundu
Farmpad.JPG|Farmweg nahe Omaruru | [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 53520, "answer_start": 492, "document_id": 44882, "question_id": 51632, "text": "die heutigen (Teil-)Kontinente Afrika, Südamerika, Australien, Indien und die Antarktis"}] | {"lang_pair": "EN-DE", "id": "51632", "question": "What present-day continents were part of Gondwana?", "context": "Namibia\n\n=== Geologie ===\nDas Gebiet des heutigen Namibia gilt als einer der ältesten Teile der Erdkruste. Schon lange vor der Entstehung des Superkontinentes Gondwana bildeten sich vor mehr als zwei Milliarden Jahren im Gebiet des heutigen Afrika zwei Schelfe: der Kongo-Kraton und der Kalahari-Kraton. Letzterer umfasst große Teile des heutigen Namibia. Durch verschiedene tektonische Vorgänge entstand dann vor etwa 550 Millionen Jahren ein riesiges, zusammenhängendes Festlandgebiet, das die heutigen (Teil-)Kontinente Afrika, Südamerika, Australien, Indien und die Antarktis umfasste: Gondwana.\nVor etwa 150 Millionen Jahren begann dieser Superkontinent allmählich in die heute bekannten Kontinente zu zerbrechen und auseinanderzudriften. Die besonderen, über Jahrmillionen andauernden klimatischen Verhältnisse in Südwestafrika führten dazu, dass viele geologische Strukturen, Vorgänge und Erscheinungen besonders gut erhalten und deshalb auch heute noch zu beobachten sind. Dazu gehört letztlich auch die Namib, die damit als älteste Wüste der Welt gelten darf.\n Fish River Canyon.JPG|Fischfluss-Canyon\n NamibDesert01.jpg|NamibRand-Naturreservat – Wolwedans\n Okavango bei Rundu.JPG|Okavango bei Rundu\n Farmpad.JPG|Farmweg nahe Omaruru", "answers": [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 53520, "answer_start": 492, "document_id": 44882, "question_id": 51632, "text": "die heutigen (Teil-)Kontinente Afrika, Südamerika, Australien, Indien und die Antarktis"}], "id_raw": 51632} | ||
570f8bb680d9841400ab35b9 | qa | DE-EN | Welcher ehemalige König wurde nicht zur Hochzeit eingeladen? | Elizabeth and Philip were married on 20 November 1947 at Westminster Abbey. They received 2500 wedding gifts from around the world. Because Britain had not yet completely recovered from the devastation of the war, Elizabeth required ration coupons to buy the material for her gown, which was designed by Norman Hartnell. In post-war Britain, it was not acceptable for the Duke of Edinburgh's German relations, including his three surviving sisters, to be invited to the wedding. The Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, was not invited either. | {"answer_start": [483], "text": ["Duke of Windsor"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570f8bb680d9841400ab35b9", "question": "Welcher ehemalige König wurde nicht zur Hochzeit eingeladen?", "context": "Elizabeth and Philip were married on 20 November 1947 at Westminster Abbey. They received 2500 wedding gifts from around the world. Because Britain had not yet completely recovered from the devastation of the war, Elizabeth required ration coupons to buy the material for her gown, which was designed by Norman Hartnell. In post-war Britain, it was not acceptable for the Duke of Edinburgh's German relations, including his three surviving sisters, to be invited to the wedding. The Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, was not invited either.", "answers": {"answer_start": [483], "text": ["Duke of Windsor"]}, "id_raw": "570f8bb680d9841400ab35b9"} | ||
570b1d3d6b8089140040f71f | qa | DE-EN | Welcher Hersteller wurde beauftragt, den Grafikprozessor des 360 zu entwerfen? | Known during development as Xbox Next, Xenon, Xbox 2, Xbox FS or NextBox, the Xbox 360 was conceived in early 2003. In February 2003, planning for the Xenon software platform began, and was headed by Microsoft's Vice President J Allard. That month, Microsoft held an event for 400 developers in Bellevue, Washington to recruit support for the system. Also that month, Peter Moore, former president of Sega of America, joined Microsoft. On August 12, 2003, ATI signed on to produce the graphic processing unit for the new console, a deal which was publicly announced two days later. Before the launch of the Xbox 360, several Alpha development kits were spotted using Apple's Power Mac G5 hardware. This was because the system's PowerPC 970 processor running the same PowerPC architecture that the Xbox 360 would eventually run under IBM's Xenon processor. The cores of the Xenon processor were developed using a slightly modified version of the PlayStation 3's Cell Processor PPE architecture. According to David Shippy and Mickie Phipps, the IBM employees were "hiding" their work from Sony and Toshiba, IBM's partners in developing the Cell Processor. Jeff Minter created the music visualization program Neon which is included with the Xbox 360. | {"answer_start": [456], "text": ["ATI"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570b1d3d6b8089140040f71f", "question": "Welcher Hersteller wurde beauftragt, den Grafikprozessor des 360 zu entwerfen?", "context": "Known during development as Xbox Next, Xenon, Xbox 2, Xbox FS or NextBox, the Xbox 360 was conceived in early 2003. In February 2003, planning for the Xenon software platform began, and was headed by Microsoft's Vice President J Allard. That month, Microsoft held an event for 400 developers in Bellevue, Washington to recruit support for the system. Also that month, Peter Moore, former president of Sega of America, joined Microsoft. On August 12, 2003, ATI signed on to produce the graphic processing unit for the new console, a deal which was publicly announced two days later. Before the launch of the Xbox 360, several Alpha development kits were spotted using Apple's Power Mac G5 hardware. This was because the system's PowerPC 970 processor running the same PowerPC architecture that the Xbox 360 would eventually run under IBM's Xenon processor. The cores of the Xenon processor were developed using a slightly modified version of the PlayStation 3's Cell Processor PPE architecture. According to David Shippy and Mickie Phipps, the IBM employees were \"hiding\" their work from Sony and Toshiba, IBM's partners in developing the Cell Processor. Jeff Minter created the music visualization program Neon which is included with the Xbox 360.", "answers": {"answer_start": [456], "text": ["ATI"]}, "id_raw": "570b1d3d6b8089140040f71f"} | ||
56e06e4a7aa994140058e4ac | qa | DE-EN | Wann ist Prinz Phillip in St. Helena angekommen? | One commentator has observed that, notwithstanding the high unemployment resulting from the loss of full passports during 1981–2002, the level of loyalty to the British monarchy by the St Helena population is probably not exceeded in any other part of the world. King George VI is the only reigning monarch to have visited the island. This was in 1947 when the King, accompanied by Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother), Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) and Princess Margaret were travelling to South Africa. Prince Philip arrived at St Helena in 1957 and then his son Prince Andrew visited as a member of the armed forces in 1984 and his sister the Princess Royal arrived in 2002. | {"answer_start": [563], "text": ["1957"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56e06e4a7aa994140058e4ac", "question": "Wann ist Prinz Phillip in St. Helena angekommen?", "context": "One commentator has observed that, notwithstanding the high unemployment resulting from the loss of full passports during 1981–2002, the level of loyalty to the British monarchy by the St Helena population is probably not exceeded in any other part of the world. King George VI is the only reigning monarch to have visited the island. This was in 1947 when the King, accompanied by Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother), Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) and Princess Margaret were travelling to South Africa. Prince Philip arrived at St Helena in 1957 and then his son Prince Andrew visited as a member of the armed forces in 1984 and his sister the Princess Royal arrived in 2002.", "answers": {"answer_start": [563], "text": ["1957"]}, "id_raw": "56e06e4a7aa994140058e4ac"} | ||
57062ef375f01819005e7a46 | qa | DE-EN | Welche Art von Verletzung wurde durch das Teilen von MP3-Dateien verursacht? | The ease of creating and sharing MP3s resulted in widespread copyright infringement. Major record companies argued that this free sharing of music reduced sales, and called it "music piracy". They reacted by pursuing lawsuits against Napster (which was eventually shut down and later sold) and against individual users who engaged in file sharing. | {"answer_start": [61], "text": ["copyright"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "57062ef375f01819005e7a46", "question": "Welche Art von Verletzung wurde durch das Teilen von MP3-Dateien verursacht?", "context": "The ease of creating and sharing MP3s resulted in widespread copyright infringement. Major record companies argued that this free sharing of music reduced sales, and called it \"music piracy\". They reacted by pursuing lawsuits against Napster (which was eventually shut down and later sold) and against individual users who engaged in file sharing.", "answers": {"answer_start": [61], "text": ["copyright"]}, "id_raw": "57062ef375f01819005e7a46"} | ||
56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f5 | qa | DE-EN | An welchem Tag wurden Bierhäuser geschlossen? | Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, and any beer house discovered selling those items was closed down and the owner heavily fined. Beer houses were not permitted to open on Sundays. The beer was usually served in jugs or dispensed directly from tapped wooden barrels on a table in the corner of the room. Often profits were so high the owners were able to buy the house next door to live in, turning every room in their former home into bars and lounges for customers. | {"answer_start": [456], "text": ["Sundays"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f5", "question": "An welchem Tag wurden Bierhäuser geschlossen?", "context": "Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, and any beer house discovered selling those items was closed down and the owner heavily fined. Beer houses were not permitted to open on Sundays. The beer was usually served in jugs or dispensed directly from tapped wooden barrels on a table in the corner of the room. Often profits were so high the owners were able to buy the house next door to live in, turning every room in their former home into bars and lounges for customers.", "answers": {"answer_start": [456], "text": ["Sundays"]}, "id_raw": "56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f5"} | ||
68138 | qa | EN-DE | What units are distinguished by the commanders-in-chief of the U.S. Army? | United_States_Army
=== Horizontale Führungsstruktur ===
Die Army ist in zwölf Major Commands (deutsch: Oberkommanden) strukturiert. Diese übernehmen jeweils klar abgegrenzte Aufgaben und ergänzen sich gegenseitig. Sie unterscheiden sich in Heereskommanden und ''Army Service Component Commands'', das sind Kommandostellen, die den übergeordneten ''Unified Combatant Commands'' unterstehen. Es existieren neun ''Army Service Component Commands'', die sich in fünf regionale und drei funktionale Kommanden teilen.
Die ''MAJCOMs'' sind zu unterscheiden von den ''Direct Reporting Units'' (deutsch: direkt unterstellte Einheiten), die zwar ebenfalls zu den hohen Kommandostrukturen zählen, jedoch nur auf der Divisionsebene angesiedelt sind und keinem ''Major Command'' unterstehen. Stattdessen sind diese Kommandostellen direkt dem ''Chief of Staff of the Army'' und seinem Hauptquartier unterstellt. | [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 74146, "answer_start": 241, "document_id": 74046, "question_id": 68138, "text": "Heereskommanden und ''Army Service Component Commands''"}] | {"lang_pair": "EN-DE", "id": "68138", "question": "What units are distinguished by the commanders-in-chief of the U.S. Army?", "context": "United_States_Army\n\n=== Horizontale Führungsstruktur ===\nDie Army ist in zwölf Major Commands (deutsch: Oberkommanden) strukturiert. Diese übernehmen jeweils klar abgegrenzte Aufgaben und ergänzen sich gegenseitig. Sie unterscheiden sich in Heereskommanden und ''Army Service Component Commands'', das sind Kommandostellen, die den übergeordneten ''Unified Combatant Commands'' unterstehen. Es existieren neun ''Army Service Component Commands'', die sich in fünf regionale und drei funktionale Kommanden teilen.\nDie ''MAJCOMs'' sind zu unterscheiden von den ''Direct Reporting Units'' (deutsch: direkt unterstellte Einheiten), die zwar ebenfalls zu den hohen Kommandostrukturen zählen, jedoch nur auf der Divisionsebene angesiedelt sind und keinem ''Major Command'' unterstehen. Stattdessen sind diese Kommandostellen direkt dem ''Chief of Staff of the Army'' und seinem Hauptquartier unterstellt.", "answers": [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 74146, "answer_start": 241, "document_id": 74046, "question_id": 68138, "text": "Heereskommanden und ''Army Service Component Commands''"}], "id_raw": 68138} | ||
570a30f74103511400d595b3 | qa | DE-EN | Im Allgemeinen, wie viel Bier kann eine Mikro-Brauerei produzieren und trotzdem als Mikro-Brauerei eingestuft werden? | A microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) a year. A brewpub is a type of microbrewery that incorporates a pub or other eating establishment. The highest density of breweries in the world, most of them microbreweries, exists in the German Region of Franconia, especially in the district of Upper Franconia, which has about 200 breweries. The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery in Bavaria, Germany, can trace its roots to the year 768, as a document from that year refers to a hop garden in the area paying a tithe to the monastery. The brewery was licensed by the City of Freising in 1040, and therefore is the oldest working brewery in the world. | {"answer_start": [210], "text": ["around 15,000 barrels"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570a30f74103511400d595b3", "question": "Im Allgemeinen, wie viel Bier kann eine Mikro-Brauerei produzieren und trotzdem als Mikro-Brauerei eingestuft werden?", "context": "A microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) a year. A brewpub is a type of microbrewery that incorporates a pub or other eating establishment. The highest density of breweries in the world, most of them microbreweries, exists in the German Region of Franconia, especially in the district of Upper Franconia, which has about 200 breweries. The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery in Bavaria, Germany, can trace its roots to the year 768, as a document from that year refers to a hop garden in the area paying a tithe to the monastery. The brewery was licensed by the City of Freising in 1040, and therefore is the oldest working brewery in the world.", "answers": {"answer_start": [210], "text": ["around 15,000 barrels"]}, "id_raw": "570a30f74103511400d595b3"} | ||
5706109452bb891400689842 | qa | DE-EN | In welchem Jahr war die Nachfrage so groß, daß eine Eisenbahnlinie nicht mehr mit der Nachfrage Schritt halten konnte? | By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming houses, had sprung up all over town. The United States Hotel took up a full city block between Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues. These hotels were not only impressive in size, but featured the most updated amenities, and were considered quite luxurious for their time. | {"answer_start": [3], "text": ["1878"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "5706109452bb891400689842", "question": "In welchem Jahr war die Nachfrage so groß, daß eine Eisenbahnlinie nicht mehr mit der Nachfrage Schritt halten konnte?", "context": "By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming houses, had sprung up all over town. The United States Hotel took up a full city block between Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues. These hotels were not only impressive in size, but featured the most updated amenities, and were considered quite luxurious for their time.", "answers": {"answer_start": [3], "text": ["1878"]}, "id_raw": "5706109452bb891400689842"} | ||
59799 | qa | DE-DE | Wie viel Prozent des Gewichtes verliert Baumwolle bei der Herstellung der Baumwollfaser? | Baumwollfaser
== Verarbeitung ==
Bei der Aufarbeitung der Baumwolle gehen nur rund 10 % des Rohgewichtes verloren. Wenn die Wachs-, Eiweiß- und weiteren Pflanzenreste entfernt sind, bleibt ein natürliches Polymer aus Cellulose zurück. Die besondere Anordnung der Cellulose gibt der Baumwolle eine hohe Reißfestigkeit. Jede Faser besteht aus 20–30 Lagen Cellulose in einer gedrehten Struktur. Wenn der Baumwollball – der Fruchtstand der Baumwollpflanze – geöffnet wird, trocknen die Fasern und verhaken sich untereinander. Diese Form wird für das Spinnen zu einem sehr feinen Garn verwendet. | [{"answer_id": 63188, "document_id": 57442, "question_id": 59799, "text": "rund 10 %", "answer_start": 79, "answer_category": "SHORT"}] | {"lang_pair": "DE-DE", "id": "59799", "question": "Wie viel Prozent des Gewichtes verliert Baumwolle bei der Herstellung der Baumwollfaser?", "context": "Baumwollfaser\n\n== Verarbeitung ==\nBei der Aufarbeitung der Baumwolle gehen nur rund 10 % des Rohgewichtes verloren. Wenn die Wachs-, Eiweiß- und weiteren Pflanzenreste entfernt sind, bleibt ein natürliches Polymer aus Cellulose zurück. Die besondere Anordnung der Cellulose gibt der Baumwolle eine hohe Reißfestigkeit. Jede Faser besteht aus 20–30 Lagen Cellulose in einer gedrehten Struktur. Wenn der Baumwollball – der Fruchtstand der Baumwollpflanze – geöffnet wird, trocknen die Fasern und verhaken sich untereinander. Diese Form wird für das Spinnen zu einem sehr feinen Garn verwendet.", "answers": [{"answer_id": 63188, "document_id": 57442, "question_id": 59799, "text": "rund 10 %", "answer_start": 79, "answer_category": "SHORT"}], "id_raw": 59799} | ||
65734 | qa | DE-DE | Was machen akademische Auslandsamte an den Universitäten? | Universität
==== Universitätsverwaltung ====
Zum Aufgabenbereich der Universitätsverwaltung gehören Angelegenheiten von Forschung, Lehre und Studium, von Haushalt, Personal und Recht, aber auch das Gebäudemanagement sowie der Arbeits- und Umweltschutz.
Ein Beispiel ist das Studentensekretariat, das in einer Universität für die Verwaltung der Studenten zuständig ist. Hier immatrikulieren und exmatrikulieren sich die Studenten. Aufgrund der hier geführten Unterlagen ist das Sekretariat auch in der Lage, Studienbescheinigungen für die unterschiedlichsten Zwecke auszustellen.
Das Akademische Auslandsamt (AAA) ist der Ansprechpartner in allen Fragen bezüglich eines Studienaufenthalts im Ausland, diesbezüglicher Stipendien und der Anerkennung von Leistungsnachweisen. Akademische Auslandsämter prüfen auch für die jeweilige Hochschule die Hochschulzugangsberechtigung von internationalen Studenten und beraten sie bei ihrem Studium in Deutschland. | [{"answer_id": 69877, "document_id": 73779, "question_id": 65734, "text": "Das Akademische Auslandsamt (AAA) ist der Ansprechpartner in allen Fragen bezüglich eines Studienaufenthalts im Ausland, diesbezüglicher Stipendien und der Anerkennung von Leistungsnachweisen. Akademische Auslandsämter prüfen auch für die jeweilige Hochschule die Hochschulzugangsberechtigung von internationalen Studenten und beraten sie bei ihrem Studium in Deutschland.", "answer_start": 580, "answer_category": "LONG"}] | {"lang_pair": "DE-DE", "id": "65734", "question": "Was machen akademische Auslandsamte an den Universitäten?", "context": "Universität\n\n==== Universitätsverwaltung ====\nZum Aufgabenbereich der Universitätsverwaltung gehören Angelegenheiten von Forschung, Lehre und Studium, von Haushalt, Personal und Recht, aber auch das Gebäudemanagement sowie der Arbeits- und Umweltschutz.\nEin Beispiel ist das Studentensekretariat, das in einer Universität für die Verwaltung der Studenten zuständig ist. Hier immatrikulieren und exmatrikulieren sich die Studenten. Aufgrund der hier geführten Unterlagen ist das Sekretariat auch in der Lage, Studienbescheinigungen für die unterschiedlichsten Zwecke auszustellen.\nDas Akademische Auslandsamt (AAA) ist der Ansprechpartner in allen Fragen bezüglich eines Studienaufenthalts im Ausland, diesbezüglicher Stipendien und der Anerkennung von Leistungsnachweisen. Akademische Auslandsämter prüfen auch für die jeweilige Hochschule die Hochschulzugangsberechtigung von internationalen Studenten und beraten sie bei ihrem Studium in Deutschland.", "answers": [{"answer_id": 69877, "document_id": 73779, "question_id": 65734, "text": "Das Akademische Auslandsamt (AAA) ist der Ansprechpartner in allen Fragen bezüglich eines Studienaufenthalts im Ausland, diesbezüglicher Stipendien und der Anerkennung von Leistungsnachweisen. Akademische Auslandsämter prüfen auch für die jeweilige Hochschule die Hochschulzugangsberechtigung von internationalen Studenten und beraten sie bei ihrem Studium in Deutschland.", "answer_start": 580, "answer_category": "LONG"}], "id_raw": 65734} | ||
570c0ad6ec8fbc190045bc2a | qa | DE-EN | Welche fünf getrennten Geräte werden in den fünf getrennten Routinen verwendet? | According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much greater emphasis on the aesthetic rather than the acrobatic. There are also group routines consisting of 5 gymnasts and 5 apparatuses of their choice. Rhythmic routines are scored out of a possible 30 points; the score for artistry (choreography and music) is averaged with the score for difficulty of the moves and then added to the score for execution. | {"answer_start": [257], "text": ["ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570c0ad6ec8fbc190045bc2a", "question": "Welche fünf getrennten Geräte werden in den fünf getrennten Routinen verwendet?", "context": "According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much greater emphasis on the aesthetic rather than the acrobatic. There are also group routines consisting of 5 gymnasts and 5 apparatuses of their choice. Rhythmic routines are scored out of a possible 30 points; the score for artistry (choreography and music) is averaged with the score for difficulty of the moves and then added to the score for execution.", "answers": {"answer_start": [257], "text": ["ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope"]}, "id_raw": "570c0ad6ec8fbc190045bc2a"} | ||
53369 | qa | EN-DE | What cities did Sweden conquer in September 1757? | Siebenjähriger_Krieg
==== Ostseeküste ====
Historische Karte des Herzogtums Pommern aus dem 17. Jahrhundert
Schweden hatte sich 1757 der antipreußischen Koalition angeschlossen und bemühte sich bis Kriegsende erfolglos um die Wiedereroberung Stettins. Die Kampfhandlungen auf dem Kriegsschauplatz in Schwedisch-Pommern, Preußisch-Pommern, dem nördlichen Brandenburg und dem östlichen Mecklenburg, bei denen es nie zu einer Schlacht kam, bezeichneten die Schweden als ''Pommerska kriget'' (Pommerscher Krieg).
Am 12. September 1757 griff die Schwedische Armee von Stralsund aus Preußen an. Sie eroberten die schwach verteidigten Orte Pasewalk, Ueckermünde und Swinemünde. Daraufhin beorderte Friedrich II. das Korps Lehwaldts aus Ostpreußen heran, um gegen die Schweden zu operieren. Lehwaldt eroberte bis zum Jahresende Wollin, Anklam und Demmin und blieb in Vorpommern, während sich die Schweden auf Stralsund zurückzogen. | [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 55662, "answer_start": 634, "document_id": 44994, "question_id": 53369, "text": "Pasewalk, Ueckermünde und Swinemünde"}] | {"lang_pair": "EN-DE", "id": "53369", "question": "What cities did Sweden conquer in September 1757?", "context": "Siebenjähriger_Krieg\n\n==== Ostseeküste ====\nHistorische Karte des Herzogtums Pommern aus dem 17. Jahrhundert\nSchweden hatte sich 1757 der antipreußischen Koalition angeschlossen und bemühte sich bis Kriegsende erfolglos um die Wiedereroberung Stettins. Die Kampfhandlungen auf dem Kriegsschauplatz in Schwedisch-Pommern, Preußisch-Pommern, dem nördlichen Brandenburg und dem östlichen Mecklenburg, bei denen es nie zu einer Schlacht kam, bezeichneten die Schweden als ''Pommerska kriget'' (Pommerscher Krieg).\nAm 12. September 1757 griff die Schwedische Armee von Stralsund aus Preußen an. Sie eroberten die schwach verteidigten Orte Pasewalk, Ueckermünde und Swinemünde. Daraufhin beorderte Friedrich II. das Korps Lehwaldts aus Ostpreußen heran, um gegen die Schweden zu operieren. Lehwaldt eroberte bis zum Jahresende Wollin, Anklam und Demmin und blieb in Vorpommern, während sich die Schweden auf Stralsund zurückzogen.", "answers": [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 55662, "answer_start": 634, "document_id": 44994, "question_id": 53369, "text": "Pasewalk, Ueckermünde und Swinemünde"}], "id_raw": 53369} | ||
56f7f512aef2371900625cd6 | qa | DE-EN | Welche Agentur hatte ihre Mitarbeiter auf 5000 reduziert, nachdem die Lenninistische Orthodoxie aufgegeben wurde? | In 1966 an agreement with the Vatican, fostered in part by the death in 1960 of anti-communist archbishop of Zagreb Aloysius Stepinac and shifts in the church's approach to resisting communism originating in the Second Vatican Council, accorded new freedom to the Yugoslav Roman Catholic Church, particularly to catechize and open seminaries. The agreement also eased tensions, which had prevented the naming of new bishops in Yugoslavia since 1945. Tito's new socialism met opposition from traditional communists culminating in conspiracy headed by Aleksandar Ranković. In the same year Tito declared that Communists must henceforth chart Yugoslavia's course by the force of their arguments (implying an abandonment of Leninist orthodoxy and development of liberal Communism). The State Security Administration (UDBA) saw its power scaled back and its staff reduced to 5000. | {"answer_start": [813], "text": ["UDBA"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56f7f512aef2371900625cd6", "question": "Welche Agentur hatte ihre Mitarbeiter auf 5000 reduziert, nachdem die Lenninistische Orthodoxie aufgegeben wurde?", "context": "In 1966 an agreement with the Vatican, fostered in part by the death in 1960 of anti-communist archbishop of Zagreb Aloysius Stepinac and shifts in the church's approach to resisting communism originating in the Second Vatican Council, accorded new freedom to the Yugoslav Roman Catholic Church, particularly to catechize and open seminaries. The agreement also eased tensions, which had prevented the naming of new bishops in Yugoslavia since 1945. Tito's new socialism met opposition from traditional communists culminating in conspiracy headed by Aleksandar Ranković. In the same year Tito declared that Communists must henceforth chart Yugoslavia's course by the force of their arguments (implying an abandonment of Leninist orthodoxy and development of liberal Communism). The State Security Administration (UDBA) saw its power scaled back and its staff reduced to 5000.", "answers": {"answer_start": [813], "text": ["UDBA"]}, "id_raw": "56f7f512aef2371900625cd6"} | ||
570624f252bb8914006898f7 | qa | DE-EN | Mit was hat die Arbeitsgruppe ihre Ideen integriert? | A working group consisting of Leon van de Kerkhof (The Netherlands), Gerhard Stoll (Germany), Leonardo Chiariglione (Italy), Yves-François Dehery (France), Karlheinz Brandenburg (Germany) and James D. Johnston (USA) took ideas from ASPEC, integrated the filter bank from Layer 2, added some of their own ideas and created MP3, which was designed to achieve the same quality at 128 kbit/s as MP2 at 192 kbit/s. | {"answer_start": [254], "text": ["filter bank"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570624f252bb8914006898f7", "question": "Mit was hat die Arbeitsgruppe ihre Ideen integriert?", "context": "A working group consisting of Leon van de Kerkhof (The Netherlands), Gerhard Stoll (Germany), Leonardo Chiariglione (Italy), Yves-François Dehery (France), Karlheinz Brandenburg (Germany) and James D. Johnston (USA) took ideas from ASPEC, integrated the filter bank from Layer 2, added some of their own ideas and created MP3, which was designed to achieve the same quality at 128 kbit/s as MP2 at 192 kbit/s.", "answers": {"answer_start": [254], "text": ["filter bank"]}, "id_raw": "570624f252bb8914006898f7"} | ||
56e8ebd40b45c0140094cd6e | qa | DE-EN | Wann wurde das Amt des Priester Vicars gegründet? | In addition to the Dean and canons, there are at present two full-time minor canons, one is precentor, and the other is sacrist. The office of Priest Vicar was created in the 1970s for those who assist the minor canons. Together with the clergy and Receiver General and Chapter Clerk, various lay officers constitute the college, including the Organist and Master of the Choristers, the Registrar, the Auditor, the Legal Secretary, the Surveyor of the Fabric, the Head Master of the choir school, the Keeper of the Muniments and the Clerk of the Works, as well as 12 lay vicars, 10 choristers and the High Steward and High Bailiff. | {"answer_start": [175], "text": ["1970s"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56e8ebd40b45c0140094cd6e", "question": "Wann wurde das Amt des Priester Vicars gegründet?", "context": "In addition to the Dean and canons, there are at present two full-time minor canons, one is precentor, and the other is sacrist. The office of Priest Vicar was created in the 1970s for those who assist the minor canons. Together with the clergy and Receiver General and Chapter Clerk, various lay officers constitute the college, including the Organist and Master of the Choristers, the Registrar, the Auditor, the Legal Secretary, the Surveyor of the Fabric, the Head Master of the choir school, the Keeper of the Muniments and the Clerk of the Works, as well as 12 lay vicars, 10 choristers and the High Steward and High Bailiff.", "answers": {"answer_start": [175], "text": ["1970s"]}, "id_raw": "56e8ebd40b45c0140094cd6e"} | ||
5732ac1fcc179a14009dabea | qa | EN-EN | Which crisis occured towards the end of the Miocene period? | During the Miocene continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Of the modern geologic features, only the land bridge between South America and North America was absent, the subduction zone along the Pacific Ocean margin of South America caused the rise of the Andes and the southward extension of the Meso-American peninsula. India continued to collide with Asia. The Tethys Seaway continued to shrink and then disappeared as Africa collided with Eurasia in the Turkish-Arabian region between 19 and 12 Ma (ICS 2004). Subsequent uplift of mountains in the western Mediterranean region and a global fall in sea levels combined to cause a temporary drying up of the Mediterranean Sea resulting in the Messinian salinity crisis near the end of the Miocene. | {"text": ["Messinian salinity crisis"], "answer_start": [717]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "5732ac1fcc179a14009dabea", "title": "Geological_history_of_Earth", "context": "During the Miocene continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Of the modern geologic features, only the land bridge between South America and North America was absent, the subduction zone along the Pacific Ocean margin of South America caused the rise of the Andes and the southward extension of the Meso-American peninsula. India continued to collide with Asia. The Tethys Seaway continued to shrink and then disappeared as Africa collided with Eurasia in the Turkish-Arabian region between 19 and 12 Ma (ICS 2004). Subsequent uplift of mountains in the western Mediterranean region and a global fall in sea levels combined to cause a temporary drying up of the Mediterranean Sea resulting in the Messinian salinity crisis near the end of the Miocene.", "question": "Which crisis occured towards the end of the Miocene period?", "answers": {"text": ["Messinian salinity crisis"], "answer_start": [717]}, "id_raw": "5732ac1fcc179a14009dabea"} | ||
572ff590947a6a140053ce7b | qa | EN-EN | Who has the record for most goals in the Premier League? | The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league. | {"text": ["Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260"], "answer_start": [115]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "572ff590947a6a140053ce7b", "title": "Premier_League", "context": "The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league.", "question": "Who has the record for most goals in the Premier League?", "answers": {"text": ["Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260"], "answer_start": [115]}, "id_raw": "572ff590947a6a140053ce7b"} | ||
57062dd675f01819005e7a35 | qa | DE-EN | Wie hieß der erste tragbare Solid-State-Digital-Audio-Player? | In the second half of '90s, MP3 files began to spread on the Internet. The popularity of MP3s began to rise rapidly with the advent of Nullsoft's audio player Winamp, released in 1997. In 1998, the first portable solid state digital audio player MPMan, developed by SaeHan Information Systems which is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, was released and the Rio PMP300 was sold afterwards in 1998, despite legal suppression efforts by the RIAA. | {"answer_start": [246], "text": ["MPMan"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "57062dd675f01819005e7a35", "question": "Wie hieß der erste tragbare Solid-State-Digital-Audio-Player?", "context": "In the second half of '90s, MP3 files began to spread on the Internet. The popularity of MP3s began to rise rapidly with the advent of Nullsoft's audio player Winamp, released in 1997. In 1998, the first portable solid state digital audio player MPMan, developed by SaeHan Information Systems which is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, was released and the Rio PMP300 was sold afterwards in 1998, despite legal suppression efforts by the RIAA.", "answers": {"answer_start": [246], "text": ["MPMan"]}, "id_raw": "57062dd675f01819005e7a35"} | ||
5706268775f01819005e7a03 | qa | DE-EN | Wer war 1964 Gouverneur von New Jersey? | The city hosted the 1964 Democratic National Convention which nominated Lyndon Johnson for President and Hubert Humphrey as Vice President. The convention and the press coverage it generated, however, cast a harsh light on Atlantic City, which by then was in the midst of a long period of economic decline. Many felt that the friendship between Johnson and Governor of New Jersey Richard J. Hughes led Atlantic City to host the Democratic Convention. | {"answer_start": [380], "text": ["Richard J. Hughes"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "5706268775f01819005e7a03", "question": "Wer war 1964 Gouverneur von New Jersey?", "context": "The city hosted the 1964 Democratic National Convention which nominated Lyndon Johnson for President and Hubert Humphrey as Vice President. The convention and the press coverage it generated, however, cast a harsh light on Atlantic City, which by then was in the midst of a long period of economic decline. Many felt that the friendship between Johnson and Governor of New Jersey Richard J. Hughes led Atlantic City to host the Democratic Convention.", "answers": {"answer_start": [380], "text": ["Richard J. Hughes"]}, "id_raw": "5706268775f01819005e7a03"} | ||
572fa77004bcaa1900d76b4d | qa | EN-EN | What bacteria was observed as before prokaryotic cytoskeleton was discovered? | The bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane). This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacteria do not usually have membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm, and thus contain few large intracellular structures. They lack a true nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and the other organelles present in eukaryotic cells. Bacteria were once seen as simple bags of cytoplasm, but structures such as the prokaryotic cytoskeleton and the localization of proteins to specific locations within the cytoplasm that give bacteria some complexity have been discovered. These subcellular levels of organization have been called "bacterial hyperstructures". | {"text": ["simple bags of cytoplasm"], "answer_start": [559]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "572fa77004bcaa1900d76b4d", "title": "Bacteria", "context": "The bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane). This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacteria do not usually have membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm, and thus contain few large intracellular structures. They lack a true nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and the other organelles present in eukaryotic cells. Bacteria were once seen as simple bags of cytoplasm, but structures such as the prokaryotic cytoskeleton and the localization of proteins to specific locations within the cytoplasm that give bacteria some complexity have been discovered. These subcellular levels of organization have been called \"bacterial hyperstructures\".", "question": "What bacteria was observed as before prokaryotic cytoskeleton was discovered?", "answers": {"text": ["simple bags of cytoplasm"], "answer_start": [559]}, "id_raw": "572fa77004bcaa1900d76b4d"} | ||
573045e2947a6a140053d38f | qa | EN-EN | What amount of government revenue in Swaziland is from the SACU? | The considerable spending did not lead to more growth and did not benefit the poor. Much of the increased spending has gone to current expenditures related to wages, transfers, and subsidies. The wage bill today constitutes over 15% of GDP and 55% of total public spending; these are some of the highest levels on the African continent. The recent rapid growth in SACU revenues has, however, reversed the fiscal situation, and a sizeable surplus was recorded since 2006. SACU revenues today account for over 60% of total government revenues. On the positive side, the external debt burden has declined markedly over the last 20 years, and domestic debt is almost negligible; external debt as a percent of GDP was less than 20% in 2006. | {"text": ["60% of total government revenues"], "answer_start": [508]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "573045e2947a6a140053d38f", "title": "Swaziland", "context": "The considerable spending did not lead to more growth and did not benefit the poor. Much of the increased spending has gone to current expenditures related to wages, transfers, and subsidies. The wage bill today constitutes over 15% of GDP and 55% of total public spending; these are some of the highest levels on the African continent. The recent rapid growth in SACU revenues has, however, reversed the fiscal situation, and a sizeable surplus was recorded since 2006. SACU revenues today account for over 60% of total government revenues. On the positive side, the external debt burden has declined markedly over the last 20 years, and domestic debt is almost negligible; external debt as a percent of GDP was less than 20% in 2006.", "question": "What amount of government revenue in Swaziland is from the SACU?", "answers": {"text": ["60% of total government revenues"], "answer_start": [508]}, "id_raw": "573045e2947a6a140053d38f"} | ||
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7d9 | qa | DE-EN | Wie viel ist der Julianische Kalender zu lang? | Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about three days every 400 years. Lilius's proposal resulted in an average year of 365.2425 days (see Accuracy). At the time of Gregory's reform there had already been a drift of 10 days since the Council of Nicaea, resulting in the vernal equinox falling on 10 or 11 March instead of the ecclesiastically fixed date of 21 March, and if unreformed it would drift further. Lilius proposed that the 10-day drift should be corrected by deleting the Julian leap day on each of its ten occurrences over a period of forty years, thereby providing for a gradual return of the equinox to 21 March. | {"answer_start": [228], "text": ["11 minutes"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7d9", "question": "Wie viel ist der Julianische Kalender zu lang?", "context": "Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about three days every 400 years. Lilius's proposal resulted in an average year of 365.2425 days (see Accuracy). At the time of Gregory's reform there had already been a drift of 10 days since the Council of Nicaea, resulting in the vernal equinox falling on 10 or 11 March instead of the ecclesiastically fixed date of 21 March, and if unreformed it would drift further. Lilius proposed that the 10-day drift should be corrected by deleting the Julian leap day on each of its ten occurrences over a period of forty years, thereby providing for a gradual return of the equinox to 21 March.", "answers": {"answer_start": [228], "text": ["11 minutes"]}, "id_raw": "570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7d9"} | ||
573020aeb2c2fd14005688f1 | qa | EN-EN | What two major biotech companies are headquartered in San Diego? | The presence of the University of California, San Diego and other research institutions has helped to fuel biotechnology growth. In 2013, San Diego has the second-largest biotech cluster in the United States, below the Boston area and above the San Francisco Bay Area. There are more than 400 biotechnology companies in the area. In particular, the La Jolla and nearby Sorrento Valley areas are home to offices and research facilities for numerous biotechnology companies. Major biotechnology companies like Illumina and Neurocrine Biosciences are headquartered in San Diego, while many biotech and pharmaceutical companies have offices or research facilities in San Diego. San Diego is also home to more than 140 contract research organizations (CROs) that provide a variety of contract services for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. | {"text": ["Illumina and Neurocrine Biosciences"], "answer_start": [508]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "573020aeb2c2fd14005688f1", "title": "San_Diego", "context": "The presence of the University of California, San Diego and other research institutions has helped to fuel biotechnology growth. In 2013, San Diego has the second-largest biotech cluster in the United States, below the Boston area and above the San Francisco Bay Area. There are more than 400 biotechnology companies in the area. In particular, the La Jolla and nearby Sorrento Valley areas are home to offices and research facilities for numerous biotechnology companies. Major biotechnology companies like Illumina and Neurocrine Biosciences are headquartered in San Diego, while many biotech and pharmaceutical companies have offices or research facilities in San Diego. San Diego is also home to more than 140 contract research organizations (CROs) that provide a variety of contract services for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.", "question": "What two major biotech companies are headquartered in San Diego?", "answers": {"text": ["Illumina and Neurocrine Biosciences"], "answer_start": [508]}, "id_raw": "573020aeb2c2fd14005688f1"} | ||
5730a225069b5314008321d8 | qa | EN-EN | Where was the SNES first released? | The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES[b] or SNES[c], and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo[d]) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Europe and Australasia (Oceania), and 1993 in South America. In Japan, the system is called the Super Famicom (Japanese: スーパーファミコン, Hepburn: Sūpā Famikon?, officially adopting the abbreviated name of its predecessor, the Family Computer), or SFC for short. In South Korea, it is known as the Super Comboy (슈퍼 컴보이 Syupeo Keomboi) and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics. Although each version is essentially the same, several forms of regional lockout prevent the different versions from being compatible with one another. It was released in Brazil on September 2, 1992, by Playtronic. | {"text": ["Japan and South Korea"], "answer_start": [225]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "5730a225069b5314008321d8", "title": "Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System", "context": "The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES[b] or SNES[c], and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo[d]) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Europe and Australasia (Oceania), and 1993 in South America. In Japan, the system is called the Super Famicom (Japanese: スーパーファミコン, Hepburn: Sūpā Famikon?, officially adopting the abbreviated name of its predecessor, the Family Computer), or SFC for short. In South Korea, it is known as the Super Comboy (슈퍼 컴보이 Syupeo Keomboi) and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics. Although each version is essentially the same, several forms of regional lockout prevent the different versions from being compatible with one another. It was released in Brazil on September 2, 1992, by Playtronic.", "question": "Where was the SNES first released?", "answers": {"text": ["Japan and South Korea"], "answer_start": [225]}, "id_raw": "5730a225069b5314008321d8"} | ||
572f7b9704bcaa1900d769fb | qa | EN-EN | What did Melack's and Casey's paper end with a call towards? | In 1968 Ronald Melzack and Kenneth Casey described pain in terms of its three dimensions: "sensory-discriminative" (sense of the intensity, location, quality and duration of the pain), "affective-motivational" (unpleasantness and urge to escape the unpleasantness), and "cognitive-evaluative" (cognitions such as appraisal, cultural values, distraction and hypnotic suggestion). They theorized that pain intensity (the sensory discriminative dimension) and unpleasantness (the affective-motivational dimension) are not simply determined by the magnitude of the painful stimulus, but "higher" cognitive activities can influence perceived intensity and unpleasantness. Cognitive activities "may affect both sensory and affective experience or they may modify primarily the affective-motivational dimension. Thus, excitement in games or war appears to block both dimensions of pain, while suggestion and placebos may modulate the affective-motivational dimension and leave the sensory-discriminative dimension relatively undisturbed." (p. 432) The paper ends with a call to action: "Pain can be treated not only by trying to cut down the sensory input by anesthetic block, surgical intervention and the like, but also by influencing the motivational-affective and cognitive factors as well." (p. 435) | {"text": ["action"], "answer_start": [1071]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "572f7b9704bcaa1900d769fb", "title": "Pain", "context": "In 1968 Ronald Melzack and Kenneth Casey described pain in terms of its three dimensions: \"sensory-discriminative\" (sense of the intensity, location, quality and duration of the pain), \"affective-motivational\" (unpleasantness and urge to escape the unpleasantness), and \"cognitive-evaluative\" (cognitions such as appraisal, cultural values, distraction and hypnotic suggestion). They theorized that pain intensity (the sensory discriminative dimension) and unpleasantness (the affective-motivational dimension) are not simply determined by the magnitude of the painful stimulus, but \"higher\" cognitive activities can influence perceived intensity and unpleasantness. Cognitive activities \"may affect both sensory and affective experience or they may modify primarily the affective-motivational dimension. Thus, excitement in games or war appears to block both dimensions of pain, while suggestion and placebos may modulate the affective-motivational dimension and leave the sensory-discriminative dimension relatively undisturbed.\" (p. 432) The paper ends with a call to action: \"Pain can be treated not only by trying to cut down the sensory input by anesthetic block, surgical intervention and the like, but also by influencing the motivational-affective and cognitive factors as well.\" (p. 435)", "question": "What did Melack's and Casey's paper end with a call towards?", "answers": {"text": ["action"], "answer_start": [1071]}, "id_raw": "572f7b9704bcaa1900d769fb"} | ||
5707121890286e26004fc8a4 | qa | DE-EN | Durch welchen heutigen Staat reiste er? | In 1562 Francisco de Ibarra headed a personal expedition in search of the mythical cities of Cibola and Quivira; he traveled through the present-day state of Chihuahua. Francisco de Ibarra is thought to have been the first European to see the ruins of Paquime. In 1564 Rodrigo de Río de Loza, a lieutenant under Francisco de Ibarra, stayed behind after the expedition and found gold at the foot of the mountains of the Sierra Madre Occidental; he founded the first Spanish city in the region, Santa Barbara in 1567 by bringing 400 European families to the settlement. A few years later in 1569 Franciscan missionaries led by Fray Agustín Rodríguez from the coast of Sinaloa and the state of Durango founded the first mission in the state in Valle de San Bartolomé (present-day Valle de Allende). Fray Agustín Rodríguez evangelized the native population until 1581. Between 1586 and 1588 a epidemic caused a temporary exodus of the small population in the territory of Nueva Vizcaya. | {"answer_start": [158], "text": ["Chihuahua"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "5707121890286e26004fc8a4", "question": "Durch welchen heutigen Staat reiste er?", "context": "In 1562 Francisco de Ibarra headed a personal expedition in search of the mythical cities of Cibola and Quivira; he traveled through the present-day state of Chihuahua. Francisco de Ibarra is thought to have been the first European to see the ruins of Paquime. In 1564 Rodrigo de Río de Loza, a lieutenant under Francisco de Ibarra, stayed behind after the expedition and found gold at the foot of the mountains of the Sierra Madre Occidental; he founded the first Spanish city in the region, Santa Barbara in 1567 by bringing 400 European families to the settlement. A few years later in 1569 Franciscan missionaries led by Fray Agustín Rodríguez from the coast of Sinaloa and the state of Durango founded the first mission in the state in Valle de San Bartolomé (present-day Valle de Allende). Fray Agustín Rodríguez evangelized the native population until 1581. Between 1586 and 1588 a epidemic caused a temporary exodus of the small population in the territory of Nueva Vizcaya.", "answers": {"answer_start": [158], "text": ["Chihuahua"]}, "id_raw": "5707121890286e26004fc8a4"} | ||
66691 | qa | DE-DE | welche Gesetzesvorhaben wollte Gaius Sempronius Gracchus als Volkstribun durchsetzen? | Römische_Republik
=== Die Reformversuche der Gracchen ===
Der Volkstribun Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus schlug um 133 v. Chr. eine Landreform vor, um den Großgrundbesitz über eine festgelegte Menge hinaus an besitzlose Proletarier zu verteilen, und so das Kleinbauerntum wieder zu stärken. Die Agrarreform hatte damit auch das Ziel, der erkennbaren Schwächung der römischen Militärkraft entgegenzuwirken. Als jedoch die Gegner der Reform den Volkstribun Marcus Octavius vorschickten, um die Reform per Veto zu verhindern, ließ Gracchus seinen Konkurrenten durch Abstimmung in der Volksversammlung absetzen. Dieser Rechtsbruch und die ebenfalls widerrechtliche Kandidatur für eine zweite Amtszeit veranlassten die Senatoren, den unbequemen Sozialrevolutionär während einer Volksversammlung im Kapitol zu erschlagen.
Zehn Jahre nach diesen Ereignissen hatte der Volkstribun Gaius Sempronius Gracchus noch weiterreichende Ziele (''Leges Semproniae''). Im Andenken an seinen ermordeten Bruder begann er mit der Erneuerung des Ackergesetzes und mit einer Maßnahme zur Versorgung der bedürftigen Stadtbevölkerung mit billigem Getreide. Weitere Vorschläge zielten auf die Besetzung der Richterstellen mit Mitgliedern aus dem Ritterstand, die Besteuerung der Provinz Asia und die Verleihung des römischen Bürgerrechtes an die italischen Bundesgenossen. Besonders der eingebrachte Gesetzesantrag zur Ausweitung des Bürgerrechts brachte ihn ins politische Abseits. Selbst der Ritterstand versagte ihm trotz der neuen zuerkannten Rechte die Unterstützung. Aus Furcht vor einem Verfassungsumsturz ging die Senatsmehrheit schließlich gegen Gracchus und seine Anhänger vor, die sich unter Führung des ehemaligen Konsuls Marcus Fulvius Flaccus auf dem Aventin verschanzten. Der Senat erklärte daraufhin erstmals den Staatsnotstand (''SCU'' = ''Senatus consultum ultimum'') und ließ die Aufrührer in blutigen Straßenkämpfen töten. | [{"answer_id": 72376, "document_id": 56830, "question_id": 66691, "text": " Erneuerung des Ackergesetzes und mit einer Maßnahme zur Versorgung der bedürftigen Stadtbevölkerung mit billigem Getreide. Weitere Vorschläge zielten auf die Besetzung der Richterstellen mit Mitgliedern aus dem Ritterstand, die Besteuerung der Provinz Asia und die Verleihung des römischen Bürgerrechtes an die italischen Bundesgenossen", "answer_start": 1006, "answer_category": "SHORT"}] | {"lang_pair": "DE-DE", "id": "66691", "question": "welche Gesetzesvorhaben wollte Gaius Sempronius Gracchus als Volkstribun durchsetzen?", "context": "Römische_Republik\n\n=== Die Reformversuche der Gracchen ===\nDer Volkstribun Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus schlug um 133 v. Chr. eine Landreform vor, um den Großgrundbesitz über eine festgelegte Menge hinaus an besitzlose Proletarier zu verteilen, und so das Kleinbauerntum wieder zu stärken. Die Agrarreform hatte damit auch das Ziel, der erkennbaren Schwächung der römischen Militärkraft entgegenzuwirken. Als jedoch die Gegner der Reform den Volkstribun Marcus Octavius vorschickten, um die Reform per Veto zu verhindern, ließ Gracchus seinen Konkurrenten durch Abstimmung in der Volksversammlung absetzen. Dieser Rechtsbruch und die ebenfalls widerrechtliche Kandidatur für eine zweite Amtszeit veranlassten die Senatoren, den unbequemen Sozialrevolutionär während einer Volksversammlung im Kapitol zu erschlagen.\nZehn Jahre nach diesen Ereignissen hatte der Volkstribun Gaius Sempronius Gracchus noch weiterreichende Ziele (''Leges Semproniae''). Im Andenken an seinen ermordeten Bruder begann er mit der Erneuerung des Ackergesetzes und mit einer Maßnahme zur Versorgung der bedürftigen Stadtbevölkerung mit billigem Getreide. Weitere Vorschläge zielten auf die Besetzung der Richterstellen mit Mitgliedern aus dem Ritterstand, die Besteuerung der Provinz Asia und die Verleihung des römischen Bürgerrechtes an die italischen Bundesgenossen. Besonders der eingebrachte Gesetzesantrag zur Ausweitung des Bürgerrechts brachte ihn ins politische Abseits. Selbst der Ritterstand versagte ihm trotz der neuen zuerkannten Rechte die Unterstützung. Aus Furcht vor einem Verfassungsumsturz ging die Senatsmehrheit schließlich gegen Gracchus und seine Anhänger vor, die sich unter Führung des ehemaligen Konsuls Marcus Fulvius Flaccus auf dem Aventin verschanzten. Der Senat erklärte daraufhin erstmals den Staatsnotstand (''SCU'' = ''Senatus consultum ultimum'') und ließ die Aufrührer in blutigen Straßenkämpfen töten.", "answers": [{"answer_id": 72376, "document_id": 56830, "question_id": 66691, "text": " Erneuerung des Ackergesetzes und mit einer Maßnahme zur Versorgung der bedürftigen Stadtbevölkerung mit billigem Getreide. Weitere Vorschläge zielten auf die Besetzung der Richterstellen mit Mitgliedern aus dem Ritterstand, die Besteuerung der Provinz Asia und die Verleihung des römischen Bürgerrechtes an die italischen Bundesgenossen", "answer_start": 1006, "answer_category": "SHORT"}], "id_raw": 66691} | ||
56fb7d7a8ddada1400cd6475 | qa | DE-EN | Wer war 1066 Herzog von Normandie? | Under the Capetian dynasty France slowly began to expand its authority over the nobility, growing out of the Île-de-France to exert control over more of the country in the 11th and 12th centuries. They faced a powerful rival in the Dukes of Normandy, who in 1066 under William the Conqueror (duke 1035–1087), conquered England (r. 1066–87) and created a cross-channel empire that lasted, in various forms, throughout the rest of the Middle Ages. Normans also settled in Sicily and southern Italy, when Robert Guiscard (d. 1085) landed there in 1059 and established a duchy that later became the Kingdom of Sicily. Under the Angevin dynasty of Henry II (r. 1154–89) and his son Richard I (r. 1189–99), the kings of England ruled over England and large areas of France,[W] brought to the family by Henry II's marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine (d. 1204), heiress to much of southern France.[X] Richard's younger brother John (r. 1199–1216) lost Normandy and the rest of the northern French possessions in 1204 to the French King Philip II Augustus (r. 1180–1223). This led to dissension among the English nobility, while John's financial exactions to pay for his unsuccessful attempts to regain Normandy led in 1215 to Magna Carta, a charter that confirmed the rights and privileges of free men in England. Under Henry III (r. 1216–72), John's son, further concessions were made to the nobility, and royal power was diminished. The French monarchy continued to make gains against the nobility during the late 12th and 13th centuries, bringing more territories within the kingdom under their personal rule and centralising the royal administration. Under Louis IX (r. 1226–70), royal prestige rose to new heights as Louis served as a mediator for most of Europe.[Y] | {"answer_start": [269], "text": ["William the Conqueror"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56fb7d7a8ddada1400cd6475", "question": "Wer war 1066 Herzog von Normandie?", "context": "Under the Capetian dynasty France slowly began to expand its authority over the nobility, growing out of the Île-de-France to exert control over more of the country in the 11th and 12th centuries. They faced a powerful rival in the Dukes of Normandy, who in 1066 under William the Conqueror (duke 1035–1087), conquered England (r. 1066–87) and created a cross-channel empire that lasted, in various forms, throughout the rest of the Middle Ages. Normans also settled in Sicily and southern Italy, when Robert Guiscard (d. 1085) landed there in 1059 and established a duchy that later became the Kingdom of Sicily. Under the Angevin dynasty of Henry II (r. 1154–89) and his son Richard I (r. 1189–99), the kings of England ruled over England and large areas of France,[W] brought to the family by Henry II's marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine (d. 1204), heiress to much of southern France.[X] Richard's younger brother John (r. 1199–1216) lost Normandy and the rest of the northern French possessions in 1204 to the French King Philip II Augustus (r. 1180–1223). This led to dissension among the English nobility, while John's financial exactions to pay for his unsuccessful attempts to regain Normandy led in 1215 to Magna Carta, a charter that confirmed the rights and privileges of free men in England. Under Henry III (r. 1216–72), John's son, further concessions were made to the nobility, and royal power was diminished. The French monarchy continued to make gains against the nobility during the late 12th and 13th centuries, bringing more territories within the kingdom under their personal rule and centralising the royal administration. Under Louis IX (r. 1226–70), royal prestige rose to new heights as Louis served as a mediator for most of Europe.[Y]", "answers": {"answer_start": [269], "text": ["William the Conqueror"]}, "id_raw": "56fb7d7a8ddada1400cd6475"} | ||
573043a9947a6a140053d37d | qa | EN-EN | What is considered to be the most authoritative constitutional power? | Each republican magistrate held certain constitutional powers. Only the People of Rome (both plebeians and patricians) had the right to confer these powers on any individual magistrate. The most powerful constitutional power was imperium. Imperium was held by both consuls and praetors. Imperium gave a magistrate the authority to command a military force. All magistrates also had the power of coercion. This was used by magistrates to maintain public order. While in Rome, all citizens had a judgement against coercion. This protection was called provocatio (see below). Magistrates also had both the power and the duty to look for omens. This power would often be used to obstruct political opponents. | {"text": ["imperium"], "answer_start": [229]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "573043a9947a6a140053d37d", "title": "Roman_Republic", "context": "Each republican magistrate held certain constitutional powers. Only the People of Rome (both plebeians and patricians) had the right to confer these powers on any individual magistrate. The most powerful constitutional power was imperium. Imperium was held by both consuls and praetors. Imperium gave a magistrate the authority to command a military force. All magistrates also had the power of coercion. This was used by magistrates to maintain public order. While in Rome, all citizens had a judgement against coercion. This protection was called provocatio (see below). Magistrates also had both the power and the duty to look for omens. This power would often be used to obstruct political opponents.", "question": "What is considered to be the most authoritative constitutional power?", "answers": {"text": ["imperium"], "answer_start": [229]}, "id_raw": "573043a9947a6a140053d37d"} | ||
570a79de4103511400d59757 | qa | DE-EN | Aus welchem Werk von Durkheim wurde die Theorie der Interaktionsrituale abgeleitet? | Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotional energy during face-to-face interactions. Emotional energy is considered to be a feeling of confidence to take action and a boldness that one experiences when they are charged up from the collective effervescence generated during group gatherings that reach high levels of intensity. | {"answer_start": [131], "text": ["totemic rituals"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570a79de4103511400d59757", "question": "Aus welchem Werk von Durkheim wurde die Theorie der Interaktionsrituale abgeleitet?", "context": "Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotional energy during face-to-face interactions. Emotional energy is considered to be a feeling of confidence to take action and a boldness that one experiences when they are charged up from the collective effervescence generated during group gatherings that reach high levels of intensity.", "answers": {"answer_start": [131], "text": ["totemic rituals"]}, "id_raw": "570a79de4103511400d59757"} | ||
69576 | qa | EN-DE | What did Avicenna work for as a doctor in Rey? | Avicenna
==== Rey ====
Von 1014 bis 1015 hielt sich Avicenna als Arzt in Rey auf und stand im Dienst des noch minderjährigen Herrschers aus der schiitischen Buyiden-Dynastie, Madsch ad-Daula (997–1029), und dessen regierender verwitweter Mutter. Dort behandelte er den kleinen, an „Melancholie“ leidenden Fürsten. Avicenna gründete als – wie er sich selbst bezeichnete – ''mutaṭabbib'' (im 11. Jahrhundert soviel wie „praktizierender Arzt“) eine medizinische Praxis und verfasste 30 kurze Werke. Als Rey von ad-Daulas Bruder, Schams ad-Daula (regierte 997–1021), 1015 belagert wurde, sah sich Avicenna gezwungen, Rey zu verlassen, und er ging über Qazwin nach Hamadan. | [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 75905, "answer_start": 86, "document_id": 74185, "question_id": 69576, "text": "stand im Dienst des noch minderjährigen Herrschers aus der schiitischen Buyiden-Dynastie, Madsch ad-Daula (997–1029), und dessen regierender verwitweter Mutter"}] | {"lang_pair": "EN-DE", "id": "69576", "question": "What did Avicenna work for as a doctor in Rey?", "context": "Avicenna\n\n==== Rey ====\nVon 1014 bis 1015 hielt sich Avicenna als Arzt in Rey auf und stand im Dienst des noch minderjährigen Herrschers aus der schiitischen Buyiden-Dynastie, Madsch ad-Daula (997–1029), und dessen regierender verwitweter Mutter. Dort behandelte er den kleinen, an „Melancholie“ leidenden Fürsten. Avicenna gründete als – wie er sich selbst bezeichnete – ''mutaṭabbib'' (im 11. Jahrhundert soviel wie „praktizierender Arzt“) eine medizinische Praxis und verfasste 30 kurze Werke. Als Rey von ad-Daulas Bruder, Schams ad-Daula (regierte 997–1021), 1015 belagert wurde, sah sich Avicenna gezwungen, Rey zu verlassen, und er ging über Qazwin nach Hamadan.", "answers": [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 75905, "answer_start": 86, "document_id": 74185, "question_id": 69576, "text": "stand im Dienst des noch minderjährigen Herrschers aus der schiitischen Buyiden-Dynastie, Madsch ad-Daula (997–1029), und dessen regierender verwitweter Mutter"}], "id_raw": 69576} | ||
5730245ca23a5019007fce40 | qa | EN-EN | How much money was allocated to advertise Windows 95? | Microsoft began an advertising campaign centered around Windows 8 and its Surface tablet in October 2012, starting with its first television advertisement premiering on October 14, 2012. Microsoft's advertising budget of US$1.5–1.8 billion was significantly larger than the US$200 million campaign used to promote Windows 95. As part of its campaign, Microsoft set up 34 pop-up stores inside malls (primarily focusing on Surface), provided training for retail employees in partnership with Intel, and collaborated with the electronics store chain Best Buy to design expanded spaces to showcase devices. In an effort to make retail displays of Windows 8 devices more "personal", Microsoft also developed a character known in English-speaking markets as "Allison Brown", whose fictional profile (including personal photos, contacts, and emails) is also featured on demonstration units of Windows 8 devices. | {"text": ["$200 million"], "answer_start": [276]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "5730245ca23a5019007fce40", "title": "Windows_8", "context": "Microsoft began an advertising campaign centered around Windows 8 and its Surface tablet in October 2012, starting with its first television advertisement premiering on October 14, 2012. Microsoft's advertising budget of US$1.5–1.8 billion was significantly larger than the US$200 million campaign used to promote Windows 95. As part of its campaign, Microsoft set up 34 pop-up stores inside malls (primarily focusing on Surface), provided training for retail employees in partnership with Intel, and collaborated with the electronics store chain Best Buy to design expanded spaces to showcase devices. In an effort to make retail displays of Windows 8 devices more \"personal\", Microsoft also developed a character known in English-speaking markets as \"Allison Brown\", whose fictional profile (including personal photos, contacts, and emails) is also featured on demonstration units of Windows 8 devices.", "question": "How much money was allocated to advertise Windows 95?", "answers": {"text": ["$200 million"], "answer_start": [276]}, "id_raw": "5730245ca23a5019007fce40"} | ||
573259a4e99e3014001e66ed | qa | EN-EN | What do the Jehovah's Witnesses religion not tolerate any of? | Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel received from the Governing Body, reasoning that it is to be trusted as part of "God's organization". It also warns members to "avoid independent thinking", claiming such thinking "was introduced by Satan the Devil" and would "cause division". Those who openly disagree with official teachings are condemned as "apostates" who are "mentally diseased". | {"text": ["dissent"], "answer_start": [103]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "573259a4e99e3014001e66ed", "title": "Jehovah%27s_Witnesses", "context": "Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel received from the Governing Body, reasoning that it is to be trusted as part of \"God's organization\". It also warns members to \"avoid independent thinking\", claiming such thinking \"was introduced by Satan the Devil\" and would \"cause division\". Those who openly disagree with official teachings are condemned as \"apostates\" who are \"mentally diseased\".", "question": "What do the Jehovah's Witnesses religion not tolerate any of?", "answers": {"text": ["dissent"], "answer_start": [103]}, "id_raw": "573259a4e99e3014001e66ed"} | ||
56f98f199e9bad19000a0acb | qa | DE-EN | Wie viele tausend Volksreligiöse Organisationen wurden 2015 in Zhejiang registriert? | In mid-2015 the government of Zhejiang recognised folk religion as "civil religion" beginning the registration of more than twenty thousand folk religious associations. Buddhism has an important presence since its arrival in Zhejiang 1,800 years ago. | {"answer_start": [124], "text": ["twenty"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56f98f199e9bad19000a0acb", "question": "Wie viele tausend Volksreligiöse Organisationen wurden 2015 in Zhejiang registriert?", "context": "In mid-2015 the government of Zhejiang recognised folk religion as \"civil religion\" beginning the registration of more than twenty thousand folk religious associations. Buddhism has an important presence since its arrival in Zhejiang 1,800 years ago.", "answers": {"answer_start": [124], "text": ["twenty"]}, "id_raw": "56f98f199e9bad19000a0acb"} | ||
570612ba75f01819005e794a | qa | DE-EN | Wie viele Seiten ist die Reisezeitschrift The Times? | This 164-page monthly magazine is sold separately from the newspaper of record and is Britain's best-selling travel magazine. The first issue of The Sunday Times Travel Magazine was in 2003, and it includes news, features and insider guides. | {"answer_start": [5], "text": ["164"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570612ba75f01819005e794a", "question": "Wie viele Seiten ist die Reisezeitschrift The Times?", "context": "This 164-page monthly magazine is sold separately from the newspaper of record and is Britain's best-selling travel magazine. The first issue of The Sunday Times Travel Magazine was in 2003, and it includes news, features and insider guides.", "answers": {"answer_start": [5], "text": ["164"]}, "id_raw": "570612ba75f01819005e794a"} | ||
48879 | qa | DE-DE | Welches Merkmal eines Browsers dient der Navigation zu Internetseiten? | Webbrowser
== Bedienung ==
Ausschnitt aus einem Webbrowser mit Adressleiste, den Schaltflächen ''Seite vorwärts'' und ''Seite zurück'' und zwei geöffneten Registerkarten (Tabs)
Der Großteil der Benutzeroberfläche eines heutigen Webbrowsers wird in der Regel zur Anzeige von Inhalten genutzt. Diese können durch Eingabe in eine Adressleiste erreicht werden. Zudem besitzen Browser eine definierte Startseite, die beim Öffnen angezeigt wird und bei der es sich z. B. um ein Internetportal oder eine Internetsuchmaschine handelt.
Daneben verfügen Browser über Schaltflächen, mit denen der Benutzer zu zuvor besuchten Seiten sowie zur Startseite navigieren kann. Die URL einer Website kann als Lesezeichen gespeichert werden, um weitere Besuche der Webseite zu vereinfachen.
Die meisten Browser unterstützen Tabbed Browsing, was es ermöglicht, mehrere Seiten in verschiedenen Registerkarten zu öffnen. Neben diesen Basisfunktionen lassen sich Browser über Plug-ins häufig mit weiteren Funktionen ausstatten. | [{"answer_id": 50580, "document_id": 44784, "question_id": 48879, "text": "Adressleiste", "answer_start": 328, "answer_category": "SHORT"}] | {"lang_pair": "DE-DE", "id": "48879", "question": "Welches Merkmal eines Browsers dient der Navigation zu Internetseiten?", "context": "Webbrowser\n\n== Bedienung ==\nAusschnitt aus einem Webbrowser mit Adressleiste, den Schaltflächen ''Seite vorwärts'' und ''Seite zurück'' und zwei geöffneten Registerkarten (Tabs)\nDer Großteil der Benutzeroberfläche eines heutigen Webbrowsers wird in der Regel zur Anzeige von Inhalten genutzt. Diese können durch Eingabe in eine Adressleiste erreicht werden. Zudem besitzen Browser eine definierte Startseite, die beim Öffnen angezeigt wird und bei der es sich z. B. um ein Internetportal oder eine Internetsuchmaschine handelt.\nDaneben verfügen Browser über Schaltflächen, mit denen der Benutzer zu zuvor besuchten Seiten sowie zur Startseite navigieren kann. Die URL einer Website kann als Lesezeichen gespeichert werden, um weitere Besuche der Webseite zu vereinfachen.\nDie meisten Browser unterstützen Tabbed Browsing, was es ermöglicht, mehrere Seiten in verschiedenen Registerkarten zu öffnen. Neben diesen Basisfunktionen lassen sich Browser über Plug-ins häufig mit weiteren Funktionen ausstatten.", "answers": [{"answer_id": 50580, "document_id": 44784, "question_id": 48879, "text": "Adressleiste", "answer_start": 328, "answer_category": "SHORT"}], "id_raw": 48879} | ||
56f881ecaef2371900626133 | qa | DE-EN | Welcher Fluss fließt mit dem Test zusammen? | The geography of Southampton is influenced by the sea and rivers. The city lies at the northern tip of the Southampton Water, a deep water estuary, which is a ria formed at the end of the last Ice Age. Here, the rivers Test and Itchen converge. The Test—which has salt marsh that makes it ideal for salmon fishing—runs along the western edge of the city, while the Itchen splits Southampton in two—east and west. The city centre is located between the two rivers. | {"answer_start": [228], "text": ["Itchen"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56f881ecaef2371900626133", "question": "Welcher Fluss fließt mit dem Test zusammen?", "context": "The geography of Southampton is influenced by the sea and rivers. The city lies at the northern tip of the Southampton Water, a deep water estuary, which is a ria formed at the end of the last Ice Age. Here, the rivers Test and Itchen converge. The Test—which has salt marsh that makes it ideal for salmon fishing—runs along the western edge of the city, while the Itchen splits Southampton in two—east and west. The city centre is located between the two rivers.", "answers": {"answer_start": [228], "text": ["Itchen"]}, "id_raw": "56f881ecaef2371900626133"} | ||
56e82bec37bdd419002c4484 | qa | DE-EN | Welche Bevölkerungszentren sind häufiger in ländlichen Gebieten bekannt als Dialekte? | The extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment. | {"answer_start": [153], "text": ["cities"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56e82bec37bdd419002c4484", "question": "Welche Bevölkerungszentren sind häufiger in ländlichen Gebieten bekannt als Dialekte?", "context": "The extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment.", "answers": {"answer_start": [153], "text": ["cities"]}, "id_raw": "56e82bec37bdd419002c4484"} | ||
56f9fa1e8f12f31900630039 | qa | DE-EN | Was ist neben den Tieren auf den Felsmalereien von Laas Geel dargestellt? | Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures. In other places, such as the northern Dhambalin region, a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman. | {"answer_start": [346], "text": ["human figures"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56f9fa1e8f12f31900630039", "question": "Was ist neben den Tieren auf den Felsmalereien von Laas Geel dargestellt?", "context": "Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures. In other places, such as the northern Dhambalin region, a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman.", "answers": {"answer_start": [346], "text": ["human figures"]}, "id_raw": "56f9fa1e8f12f31900630039"} | ||
46504 | qa | DE-DE | In welchen Ländern ist Niederländisch Amtssprache? | Niederländische_Sprache
=== Niederländisch als Amts- und Muttersprache ===
Gegenwärtig sprechen etwa 21 Millionen Menschen eine Variante des Niederländischen. In Europa ist Niederländisch in Belgien und den Niederlanden Amtssprache. Darüber hinaus sprechen rund 80.000 Einwohner des französischen Departement Nord einen niederländischen Dialekt.
Die Niederlande und Belgien haben am 9. September 1980 die sogenannte Niederländische Sprachunion ''(Nederlandse Taalunie)'' geschaffen. Diese soll gewährleisten, dass eine gemeinsame Rechtschreibung und Grammatik fortbesteht und die Sprache gepflegt wird. Selbstverständlich gibt es regionale Eigenarten zwischen der niederländischen und der belgischen Variante der Standardsprache. | [{"answer_id": 47591, "document_id": 44749, "question_id": 46504, "text": "in Belgien und den Niederlanden ", "answer_start": 189, "answer_category": "SHORT"}] | {"lang_pair": "DE-DE", "id": "46504", "question": "In welchen Ländern ist Niederländisch Amtssprache?", "context": "Niederländische_Sprache\n\n=== Niederländisch als Amts- und Muttersprache ===\nGegenwärtig sprechen etwa 21 Millionen Menschen eine Variante des Niederländischen. In Europa ist Niederländisch in Belgien und den Niederlanden Amtssprache. Darüber hinaus sprechen rund 80.000 Einwohner des französischen Departement Nord einen niederländischen Dialekt.\nDie Niederlande und Belgien haben am 9. September 1980 die sogenannte Niederländische Sprachunion ''(Nederlandse Taalunie)'' geschaffen. Diese soll gewährleisten, dass eine gemeinsame Rechtschreibung und Grammatik fortbesteht und die Sprache gepflegt wird. Selbstverständlich gibt es regionale Eigenarten zwischen der niederländischen und der belgischen Variante der Standardsprache.", "answers": [{"answer_id": 47591, "document_id": 44749, "question_id": 46504, "text": "in Belgien und den Niederlanden ", "answer_start": 189, "answer_category": "SHORT"}], "id_raw": 46504} | ||
57102549b654c5140001f86e | qa | DE-EN | Welchen Dienst besuchte Elizabeth in Armagm? | In May 2007, The Daily Telegraph, citing unnamed sources, reported that the Queen was "exasperated and frustrated" by the policies of the British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, that she was concerned the British Armed Forces were overstretched in Iraq and Afghanistan, and that she had raised concerns over rural and countryside issues with Blair. She was, however, said to admire Blair's efforts to achieve peace in Northern Ireland. On 20 March 2008, at the Church of Ireland St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, the Queen attended the first Maundy service held outside England and Wales. At the invitation of the Irish President, Mary McAleese, the Queen made the first state visit to the Republic of Ireland by a British monarch in May 2011. | {"answer_start": [536], "text": ["Maundy"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "57102549b654c5140001f86e", "question": "Welchen Dienst besuchte Elizabeth in Armagm?", "context": "In May 2007, The Daily Telegraph, citing unnamed sources, reported that the Queen was \"exasperated and frustrated\" by the policies of the British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, that she was concerned the British Armed Forces were overstretched in Iraq and Afghanistan, and that she had raised concerns over rural and countryside issues with Blair. She was, however, said to admire Blair's efforts to achieve peace in Northern Ireland. On 20 March 2008, at the Church of Ireland St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, the Queen attended the first Maundy service held outside England and Wales. At the invitation of the Irish President, Mary McAleese, the Queen made the first state visit to the Republic of Ireland by a British monarch in May 2011.", "answers": {"answer_start": [536], "text": ["Maundy"]}, "id_raw": "57102549b654c5140001f86e"} | ||
57100993b654c5140001f785 | qa | DE-EN | Was steht für SASO? | The Sell Assessment of Sexual Orientation (SASO) was developed to address the major concerns with the Kinsey Scale and Klein Sexual Orientation Grid and as such, measures sexual orientation on a continuum, considers various dimensions of sexual orientation, and considers homosexuality and heterosexuality separately. Rather than providing a final solution to the question of how to best measure sexual orientation, the SASO is meant to provoke discussion and debate about measurements of sexual orientation. | {"answer_start": [4], "text": ["Sell Assessment of Sexual Orientation"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "57100993b654c5140001f785", "question": "Was steht für SASO?", "context": "The Sell Assessment of Sexual Orientation (SASO) was developed to address the major concerns with the Kinsey Scale and Klein Sexual Orientation Grid and as such, measures sexual orientation on a continuum, considers various dimensions of sexual orientation, and considers homosexuality and heterosexuality separately. Rather than providing a final solution to the question of how to best measure sexual orientation, the SASO is meant to provoke discussion and debate about measurements of sexual orientation.", "answers": {"answer_start": [4], "text": ["Sell Assessment of Sexual Orientation"]}, "id_raw": "57100993b654c5140001f785"} | ||
47923 | qa | DE-DE | Wann wurde Galego Amtssprache in Galicien? | Galicien
== Bevölkerung und Sprache ==
Die Einwohnerzahl Galiciens liegt bei 2.718.525 Einwohnern, von denen 48,2 % Männer und 51,8 % Frauen sind (Stand: 2016). Die deutsche Bezeichnung für die heimische Bevölkerung lautet Galicier (span. ''gallegos,'' gal. ''galegos'').
In Galicien wird neben Spanisch die mit dem Portugiesischen eng verwandte galicische Sprache (Eigenbezeichnung ''galego,'' span. ''gallego'') gesprochen. Das Galicische ist seit Beginn der 1980er Jahre Amtssprache in der Region neben dem Spanischen. Im November 2005 wurde Galicisch als „offizielle Sprache“, nicht jedoch als eine der Amtssprachen der Europäischen Union anerkannt.
Eine Umfrage des Statistischen Instituts der Regionalregierung zum Sprachgebrauch stammt aus dem Jahre 2008. Es handelt sich nicht um eine Befragung der gesamten Bevölkerung, sondern um eine Stichproben-Erhebung, die sich an Personen ab fünf Jahren richtete. Zur Frage nach der Muttersprache gaben 47,4 % der Befragten Galicisch, 27,1 % Spanisch und 23,1 % beide Sprachen an. Zur Selbsteinschätzung der Galicisch-Kenntnisse wurden folgende Angaben gemacht: | [{"answer_id": 49601, "document_id": 44830, "question_id": 47923, "text": "seit Beginn der 1980er", "answer_start": 446, "answer_category": "SHORT"}] | {"lang_pair": "DE-DE", "id": "47923", "question": "Wann wurde Galego Amtssprache in Galicien?", "context": "Galicien\n\n== Bevölkerung und Sprache ==\nDie Einwohnerzahl Galiciens liegt bei 2.718.525 Einwohnern, von denen 48,2 % Männer und 51,8 % Frauen sind (Stand: 2016). Die deutsche Bezeichnung für die heimische Bevölkerung lautet Galicier (span. ''gallegos,'' gal. ''galegos'').\nIn Galicien wird neben Spanisch die mit dem Portugiesischen eng verwandte galicische Sprache (Eigenbezeichnung ''galego,'' span. ''gallego'') gesprochen. Das Galicische ist seit Beginn der 1980er Jahre Amtssprache in der Region neben dem Spanischen. Im November 2005 wurde Galicisch als „offizielle Sprache“, nicht jedoch als eine der Amtssprachen der Europäischen Union anerkannt.\nEine Umfrage des Statistischen Instituts der Regionalregierung zum Sprachgebrauch stammt aus dem Jahre 2008. Es handelt sich nicht um eine Befragung der gesamten Bevölkerung, sondern um eine Stichproben-Erhebung, die sich an Personen ab fünf Jahren richtete. Zur Frage nach der Muttersprache gaben 47,4 % der Befragten Galicisch, 27,1 % Spanisch und 23,1 % beide Sprachen an. Zur Selbsteinschätzung der Galicisch-Kenntnisse wurden folgende Angaben gemacht:", "answers": [{"answer_id": 49601, "document_id": 44830, "question_id": 47923, "text": "seit Beginn der 1980er", "answer_start": 446, "answer_category": "SHORT"}], "id_raw": 47923} | ||
57710 | qa | EN-DE | How do bacteria multiply? | Bakterien
==== Vermehrung ====
Bakterien vermehren sich asexuell durch Zellteilung. Das kann durch äquale oder inäquale Querteilung (besonders bei zylinderförmigen Bakterien, beispielsweise bei ''Pseudomonas'', ''Bacillus''), durch Knospung (beispielsweise bei ''Planctomyces''), durch multiple Sporenbildung (beispielsweise bei ''Crenothrix'') oder auf andere Weise geschehen. Bei der Endosporenbildung kommt es meistens nicht zu einer Vermehrung, weil weit überwiegend nur eine Endospore je Zelle gebildet wird, nur bei wenigen Bakterien, beispielsweise bei ''Anaerobacter polyendosporus'' und ''Metabacterium'', werden mehrere Endosporen je Zelle gebildet. Alle Nachkommen der asexuellen Vermehrung weisen identische Genome auf und bilden daher einen Klon.
Die Vermehrung in einer Bakterienpopulation ist unter Bakterielles Wachstum beschrieben. | [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 59591, "answer_start": 57, "document_id": 44653, "question_id": 57710, "text": "asexuell durch Zellteilung"}] | {"lang_pair": "EN-DE", "id": "57710", "question": "How do bacteria multiply?", "context": "Bakterien\n\n==== Vermehrung ====\nBakterien vermehren sich asexuell durch Zellteilung. Das kann durch äquale oder inäquale Querteilung (besonders bei zylinderförmigen Bakterien, beispielsweise bei ''Pseudomonas'', ''Bacillus''), durch Knospung (beispielsweise bei ''Planctomyces''), durch multiple Sporenbildung (beispielsweise bei ''Crenothrix'') oder auf andere Weise geschehen. Bei der Endosporenbildung kommt es meistens nicht zu einer Vermehrung, weil weit überwiegend nur eine Endospore je Zelle gebildet wird, nur bei wenigen Bakterien, beispielsweise bei ''Anaerobacter polyendosporus'' und ''Metabacterium'', werden mehrere Endosporen je Zelle gebildet. Alle Nachkommen der asexuellen Vermehrung weisen identische Genome auf und bilden daher einen Klon.\nDie Vermehrung in einer Bakterienpopulation ist unter Bakterielles Wachstum beschrieben.", "answers": [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 59591, "answer_start": 57, "document_id": 44653, "question_id": 57710, "text": "asexuell durch Zellteilung"}], "id_raw": 57710} | ||
5733ec05d058e614000b65e3 | qa | EN-EN | Which month marks the start of a Premier League season? | There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. The three lowest placed teams are relegated into the Football League Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship, together with the winner of play-offs involving the third to sixth placed Championship clubs, are promoted in their place. | {"text": ["May"], "answer_start": [88]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "5733ec05d058e614000b65e3", "title": "Premier_League", "context": "There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. The three lowest placed teams are relegated into the Football League Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship, together with the winner of play-offs involving the third to sixth placed Championship clubs, are promoted in their place.", "question": "Which month marks the start of a Premier League season?", "answers": {"text": ["May"], "answer_start": [88]}, "id_raw": "5733ec05d058e614000b65e3"} | ||
56f8f77f9e9bad19000a078e | qa | DE-EN | Wofür war Alfred Thayer Mahan besorgt? | A second strategic personality from American diplomatic and military circles, Alfred Thayer Mahan, concerned about the naval vulnerability of the trade routes in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean, commented in 1902: | {"answer_start": [115], "text": ["the naval vulnerability of the trade routes"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56f8f77f9e9bad19000a078e", "question": "Wofür war Alfred Thayer Mahan besorgt?", "context": "A second strategic personality from American diplomatic and military circles, Alfred Thayer Mahan, concerned about the naval vulnerability of the trade routes in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean, commented in 1902:", "answers": {"answer_start": [115], "text": ["the naval vulnerability of the trade routes"]}, "id_raw": "56f8f77f9e9bad19000a078e"} | ||
56f714ef711bf01900a4491e | qa | DE-EN | Welche ethnische Zugehörigkeit hatte Titos Mutter? | Josip Broz was born to a Croat father and Slovene mother in the village of Kumrovec, Croatia. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Imperial Russians during World War I, Josip was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. He participated in the October Revolution, and later joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Upon his return home, Broz found himself in the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ). | {"answer_start": [42], "text": ["Slovene"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56f714ef711bf01900a4491e", "question": "Welche ethnische Zugehörigkeit hatte Titos Mutter?", "context": "Josip Broz was born to a Croat father and Slovene mother in the village of Kumrovec, Croatia. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Imperial Russians during World War I, Josip was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. He participated in the October Revolution, and later joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Upon his return home, Broz found himself in the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ).", "answers": {"answer_start": [42], "text": ["Slovene"]}, "id_raw": "56f714ef711bf01900a4491e"} | ||
5730ad472461fd1900a9cf7f | qa | EN-EN | What features were removed in the SNS-101? | In October 1997, Nintendo released a redesigned model of the SNES (the SNS-101 model) in North America for US$99, which sometimes included the pack-in game Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island. Like the earlier redesign of the NES (the NES-101 model), the new model was slimmer and lighter than its predecessor, but it lacked S-Video and RGB output, and it was among the last major SNES-related releases in the region. A similarly redesigned Super Famicom Jr. was released in Japan at around the same time. | {"text": ["S-Video and RGB output"], "answer_start": [325]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "5730ad472461fd1900a9cf7f", "title": "Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System", "context": "In October 1997, Nintendo released a redesigned model of the SNES (the SNS-101 model) in North America for US$99, which sometimes included the pack-in game Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island. Like the earlier redesign of the NES (the NES-101 model), the new model was slimmer and lighter than its predecessor, but it lacked S-Video and RGB output, and it was among the last major SNES-related releases in the region. A similarly redesigned Super Famicom Jr. was released in Japan at around the same time.", "question": "What features were removed in the SNS-101?", "answers": {"text": ["S-Video and RGB output"], "answer_start": [325]}, "id_raw": "5730ad472461fd1900a9cf7f"} | ||
570fcf3e80d9841400ab3694 | qa | DE-EN | In welchem Jahr begann Dell wieder, Produkte in Einzelhändlern zu verkaufen? | In the early 1990s, Dell sold its products through Best Buy, Costco and Sam's Club stores in the United States. Dell stopped this practice in 1994, citing low profit-margins on the business, exclusively distributing through a direct-sales model for the next decade. In 2003, Dell briefly sold products in Sears stores in the U.S. In 2007, Dell started shipping its products to major retailers in the U.S. once again, starting with Sam's Club and Wal-Mart. Staples, the largest office-supply retailer in the U.S., and Best Buy, the largest electronics retailer in the U.S., became Dell retail partners later that same year. | {"answer_start": [333], "text": ["2007"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570fcf3e80d9841400ab3694", "question": "In welchem Jahr begann Dell wieder, Produkte in Einzelhändlern zu verkaufen?", "context": "In the early 1990s, Dell sold its products through Best Buy, Costco and Sam's Club stores in the United States. Dell stopped this practice in 1994, citing low profit-margins on the business, exclusively distributing through a direct-sales model for the next decade. In 2003, Dell briefly sold products in Sears stores in the U.S. In 2007, Dell started shipping its products to major retailers in the U.S. once again, starting with Sam's Club and Wal-Mart. Staples, the largest office-supply retailer in the U.S., and Best Buy, the largest electronics retailer in the U.S., became Dell retail partners later that same year.", "answers": {"answer_start": [333], "text": ["2007"]}, "id_raw": "570fcf3e80d9841400ab3694"} | ||
56e1e199cd28a01900c67be5 | qa | DE-EN | Wie viele persönliche Pronomen gibt es im Spanischen? | The morphology of Catalan personal pronouns is complex, specially in unstressed forms, which are numerous (13 distinct forms, compared to 11 in Spanish or 9 in Italian). Features include the gender-neutral ho and the great degree of freedom when combining different unstressed pronouns (65 combinations). | {"answer_start": [138], "text": ["11"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56e1e199cd28a01900c67be5", "question": "Wie viele persönliche Pronomen gibt es im Spanischen?", "context": "The morphology of Catalan personal pronouns is complex, specially in unstressed forms, which are numerous (13 distinct forms, compared to 11 in Spanish or 9 in Italian). Features include the gender-neutral ho and the great degree of freedom when combining different unstressed pronouns (65 combinations).", "answers": {"answer_start": [138], "text": ["11"]}, "id_raw": "56e1e199cd28a01900c67be5"} | ||
56748 | qa | EN-DE | What happened to the Armenian SSR after the dissolution of the Transcaucasian Soviet Republic? | Armenien
=== Sowjetische Herrschaft ===
Nach der Auflösung der Transkaukasischen Sowjetrepublik 1936 blieb die ''Armenische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik'' (Armenische SSR) als formal eigenständige Unionsrepublik Teil der Sowjetunion. Sie entwickelte sich zu einem wichtigen Standort der chemischen Industrie, der Schuhindustrie und der Informatik. Viele elektronische Bauteile für die sowjetische Raumfahrt und auch Roboter wurden hier entwickelt. In der Sowjetunion war die Armenische SSR unter anderem wegen des warmen Klimas ein beliebtes Reiseziel.
Die Armenische SSR war seit dem Ende der 1980er Jahre neben der Estnischen SSR, der Lettischen SSR, der Litauischen SSR und der Georgischen SSR ein Zentrum der separatistischen Bewegungen innerhalb der Sowjetunion. Zu dieser Zeit flammte auch der Konflikt um Bergkarabach, einem mehrheitlich armenisch besiedelten Gebiet innerhalb der Aserbaidschanischen SSR, wieder auf.
Am 7. Dezember 1988 erschütterte ein schweres Erdbeben die Region Lori im Norden der Armenischen SSR, das den Wert 6,8 auf der Richterskala erreichte. Viele Gebäude, insbesondere Schulen und Krankenhäuser, hielten dem Erdbeben nicht stand, 25.000 Menschen starben. Hinzu kamen die winterlichen Temperaturen und die äußerst mangelhafte Vorbereitung der Behörden. Die Regierung ließ ausländische Helfer ins Land. Dies war der erste Fall, in dem die Sowjetunion ausländische Hilfe in größerem Ausmaß annahm. Die damals entstandenen schweren Schäden an der Infrastruktur hemmen die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung dieser Region bis in die heutige Zeit (2006).
Die erstmals freien Parlamentwahlen im Mai und Juni 1990 gewann die Nationalistische Bewegung Armeniens. Lewon Ter-Petrosjan wurde als Parlamentspräsident Staatsoberhaupt Armeniens. Am 23. August 1990 wurde die Souveränität des Landes deklariert.
Im August 1991 benannte sich die Armenische SSR in Anlehnung an die erste Republik in ''Republik Armenien'' um. Nach der Unabhängigkeitserklärung am 21. September 1991 entstand das heutige Armenien. Der westliche, weitaus größte Teil des historischen Siedlungsgebietes der Armenier blieb unter türkischer Herrschaft. | [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 58309, "answer_start": 102, "document_id": 44096, "question_id": 56748, "text": "blieb die ''Armenische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik'' (Armenische SSR) als formal eigenständige Unionsrepublik Teil der Sowjetunion"}] | {"lang_pair": "EN-DE", "id": "56748", "question": "What happened to the Armenian SSR after the dissolution of the Transcaucasian Soviet Republic?", "context": "Armenien\n\n=== Sowjetische Herrschaft ===\nNach der Auflösung der Transkaukasischen Sowjetrepublik 1936 blieb die ''Armenische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik'' (Armenische SSR) als formal eigenständige Unionsrepublik Teil der Sowjetunion. Sie entwickelte sich zu einem wichtigen Standort der chemischen Industrie, der Schuhindustrie und der Informatik. Viele elektronische Bauteile für die sowjetische Raumfahrt und auch Roboter wurden hier entwickelt. In der Sowjetunion war die Armenische SSR unter anderem wegen des warmen Klimas ein beliebtes Reiseziel.\nDie Armenische SSR war seit dem Ende der 1980er Jahre neben der Estnischen SSR, der Lettischen SSR, der Litauischen SSR und der Georgischen SSR ein Zentrum der separatistischen Bewegungen innerhalb der Sowjetunion. Zu dieser Zeit flammte auch der Konflikt um Bergkarabach, einem mehrheitlich armenisch besiedelten Gebiet innerhalb der Aserbaidschanischen SSR, wieder auf.\nAm 7. Dezember 1988 erschütterte ein schweres Erdbeben die Region Lori im Norden der Armenischen SSR, das den Wert 6,8 auf der Richterskala erreichte. Viele Gebäude, insbesondere Schulen und Krankenhäuser, hielten dem Erdbeben nicht stand, 25.000 Menschen starben. Hinzu kamen die winterlichen Temperaturen und die äußerst mangelhafte Vorbereitung der Behörden. Die Regierung ließ ausländische Helfer ins Land. Dies war der erste Fall, in dem die Sowjetunion ausländische Hilfe in größerem Ausmaß annahm. Die damals entstandenen schweren Schäden an der Infrastruktur hemmen die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung dieser Region bis in die heutige Zeit (2006).\nDie erstmals freien Parlamentwahlen im Mai und Juni 1990 gewann die Nationalistische Bewegung Armeniens. Lewon Ter-Petrosjan wurde als Parlamentspräsident Staatsoberhaupt Armeniens. Am 23. August 1990 wurde die Souveränität des Landes deklariert.\nIm August 1991 benannte sich die Armenische SSR in Anlehnung an die erste Republik in ''Republik Armenien'' um. Nach der Unabhängigkeitserklärung am 21. September 1991 entstand das heutige Armenien. Der westliche, weitaus größte Teil des historischen Siedlungsgebietes der Armenier blieb unter türkischer Herrschaft.", "answers": [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 58309, "answer_start": 102, "document_id": 44096, "question_id": 56748, "text": "blieb die ''Armenische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik'' (Armenische SSR) als formal eigenständige Unionsrepublik Teil der Sowjetunion"}], "id_raw": 56748} | ||
56e79bf200c9c71400d77399 | qa | DE-EN | Wie oft hat die Universität von Kansas eine nationale Meisterschaft im Basketball gewonnen? | The KU men's basketball team has fielded a team every year since 1898. The Jayhawks are a perennial national contender currently coached by Bill Self. The team has won five national titles, including three NCAA tournament championships in 1952, 1988, and 2008. The basketball program is currently the second winningest program in college basketball history with an overall record of 2,070–806 through the 2011–12 season. The team plays at Allen Fieldhouse. Perhaps its best recognized player was Wilt Chamberlain, who played in the 1950s. Kansas has counted among its coaches Dr. James Naismith (the inventor of basketball and only coach in Kansas history to have a losing record), Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Phog Allen ("the Father of basketball coaching"), Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Roy Williams of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Basketball Hall of Fame inductee and former NBA Champion Detroit Pistons coach Larry Brown. In addition, legendary University of Kentucky coach and Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Adolph Rupp played for KU's 1922 and 1923 Helms National Championship teams, and NCAA Hall of Fame inductee and University of North Carolina Coach Dean Smith played for KU's 1952 NCAA Championship team. Both Rupp and Smith played under Phog Allen. Allen also coached Hall of Fame coaches Dutch Lonborg and Ralph Miller. Allen founded the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC), which started what is now the NCAA Tournament. The Tournament began in 1939 under the NABC and the next year was handed off to the newly formed NCAA. | {"answer_start": [168], "text": ["five"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56e79bf200c9c71400d77399", "question": "Wie oft hat die Universität von Kansas eine nationale Meisterschaft im Basketball gewonnen?", "context": "The KU men's basketball team has fielded a team every year since 1898. The Jayhawks are a perennial national contender currently coached by Bill Self. The team has won five national titles, including three NCAA tournament championships in 1952, 1988, and 2008. The basketball program is currently the second winningest program in college basketball history with an overall record of 2,070–806 through the 2011–12 season. The team plays at Allen Fieldhouse. Perhaps its best recognized player was Wilt Chamberlain, who played in the 1950s. Kansas has counted among its coaches Dr. James Naismith (the inventor of basketball and only coach in Kansas history to have a losing record), Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Phog Allen (\"the Father of basketball coaching\"), Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Roy Williams of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Basketball Hall of Fame inductee and former NBA Champion Detroit Pistons coach Larry Brown. In addition, legendary University of Kentucky coach and Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Adolph Rupp played for KU's 1922 and 1923 Helms National Championship teams, and NCAA Hall of Fame inductee and University of North Carolina Coach Dean Smith played for KU's 1952 NCAA Championship team. Both Rupp and Smith played under Phog Allen. Allen also coached Hall of Fame coaches Dutch Lonborg and Ralph Miller. Allen founded the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC), which started what is now the NCAA Tournament. The Tournament began in 1939 under the NABC and the next year was handed off to the newly formed NCAA.", "answers": {"answer_start": [168], "text": ["five"]}, "id_raw": "56e79bf200c9c71400d77399"} | ||
66144 | qa | DE-DE | Welchem Unternehmen gehört das Radio Tuvalu? | Tuvalu
== Medien ==
Das Tuvalu Media Department (TMD) (von 2006 bis 2008 ''Tuvalu Media Corporation'' (TMC)) sendet auf einer AM-Frequenz den Hörfunksender Radio Tuvalu aus. Der Sender verfügt seit 2011 auch über ein UKW-Studio und ist auf allen neun Atollen und Inseln zu hören. Es wird täglich von 6:30 Uhr bis 8 Uhr, 11:25 Uhr bis 13 Uhr und 18:25 Uhr bis 22 Uhr gesendet; in den übrigen Zeiten wird das britische BBC eingespeist. Sendungen werden auf Englisch oder Tuvaluisch ausgestrahlt.
Die einzige Zeitung des Landes „Sikuleo o Tuvalu – Tuvalu Ech“o (ehemals „Tuvalu Echoes“) wurde 2012 eingestellt.
Derzeit (Stand 2013) ist der Empfang von Fernsehen nur noch eingeschränkt über sky Pacific möglich. Das TMD ist am Aufbau eines tuvaluischen Fernsehsenders interessiert.
TMD ist Mitglied der Pacific Islands News Association.
Die Top-Level-Domain von Tuvalu, .tv, wird häufig für Internetpräsenzen von Fernsehsendern verwendet (siehe auch Zweckentfremdungen von Top-Level-Domains). | [{"answer_id": 71091, "document_id": 73844, "question_id": 66144, "text": "Tuvalu Media Department (TMD)", "answer_start": 25, "answer_category": "SHORT"}] | {"lang_pair": "DE-DE", "id": "66144", "question": "Welchem Unternehmen gehört das Radio Tuvalu?", "context": "Tuvalu\n\n== Medien ==\nDas Tuvalu Media Department (TMD) (von 2006 bis 2008 ''Tuvalu Media Corporation'' (TMC)) sendet auf einer AM-Frequenz den Hörfunksender Radio Tuvalu aus. Der Sender verfügt seit 2011 auch über ein UKW-Studio und ist auf allen neun Atollen und Inseln zu hören. Es wird täglich von 6:30 Uhr bis 8 Uhr, 11:25 Uhr bis 13 Uhr und 18:25 Uhr bis 22 Uhr gesendet; in den übrigen Zeiten wird das britische BBC eingespeist. Sendungen werden auf Englisch oder Tuvaluisch ausgestrahlt.\nDie einzige Zeitung des Landes „Sikuleo o Tuvalu – Tuvalu Ech“o (ehemals „Tuvalu Echoes“) wurde 2012 eingestellt.\nDerzeit (Stand 2013) ist der Empfang von Fernsehen nur noch eingeschränkt über sky Pacific möglich. Das TMD ist am Aufbau eines tuvaluischen Fernsehsenders interessiert.\nTMD ist Mitglied der Pacific Islands News Association.\nDie Top-Level-Domain von Tuvalu, .tv, wird häufig für Internetpräsenzen von Fernsehsendern verwendet (siehe auch Zweckentfremdungen von Top-Level-Domains).", "answers": [{"answer_id": 71091, "document_id": 73844, "question_id": 66144, "text": "Tuvalu Media Department (TMD)", "answer_start": 25, "answer_category": "SHORT"}], "id_raw": 66144} | ||
5731d2a9e99e3014001e6301 | qa | EN-EN | How much natural gas is Egypt producing in a day? | Egypt was producing 691,000 bbl/d of oil and 2,141.05 Tcf of natural gas (in 2013), which makes Egypt as the largest oil producer not member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the second-largest dry natural gas producer in Africa. In 2013, Egypt was the largest consumer of oil and natural gas in Africa, as more than 20% of total oil consumption and more than 40% of total dry natural gas consumption in Africa. Also, Egypt possesses the largest oil refinery capacity in Africa 726,000 bbl/d (in 2012). Egypt is currently planning to build its first nuclear power plant in El Dabaa city, northern Egypt. | {"text": ["2,141.05 Tcf"], "answer_start": [45]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "5731d2a9e99e3014001e6301", "title": "Egypt", "context": "Egypt was producing 691,000 bbl/d of oil and 2,141.05 Tcf of natural gas (in 2013), which makes Egypt as the largest oil producer not member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the second-largest dry natural gas producer in Africa. In 2013, Egypt was the largest consumer of oil and natural gas in Africa, as more than 20% of total oil consumption and more than 40% of total dry natural gas consumption in Africa. Also, Egypt possesses the largest oil refinery capacity in Africa 726,000 bbl/d (in 2012). Egypt is currently planning to build its first nuclear power plant in El Dabaa city, northern Egypt.", "question": "How much natural gas is Egypt producing in a day?", "answers": {"text": ["2,141.05 Tcf"], "answer_start": [45]}, "id_raw": "5731d2a9e99e3014001e6301"} | ||
570f55cf5ab6b81900390ef1 | qa | DE-EN | Was würde der Verlust der SCN-Zellen im Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus verursachen? | The primary circadian "clock" in mammals is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (or nuclei) (SCN), a pair of distinct groups of cells located in the hypothalamus. Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep–wake rhythm. The SCN receives information about illumination through the eyes. The retina of the eye contains "classical" photoreceptors ("rods" and "cones"), which are used for conventional vision. But the retina also contains specialized ganglion cells that are directly photosensitive, and project directly to the SCN, where they help in the entrainment (synchronization) of this master circadian clock. | {"answer_start": [204], "text": ["complete absence"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570f55cf5ab6b81900390ef1", "question": "Was würde der Verlust der SCN-Zellen im Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus verursachen?", "context": "The primary circadian \"clock\" in mammals is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (or nuclei) (SCN), a pair of distinct groups of cells located in the hypothalamus. Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep–wake rhythm. The SCN receives information about illumination through the eyes. The retina of the eye contains \"classical\" photoreceptors (\"rods\" and \"cones\"), which are used for conventional vision. But the retina also contains specialized ganglion cells that are directly photosensitive, and project directly to the SCN, where they help in the entrainment (synchronization) of this master circadian clock.", "answers": {"answer_start": [204], "text": ["complete absence"]}, "id_raw": "570f55cf5ab6b81900390ef1"} | ||
59642 | qa | EN-DE | What religion is the largest outside of North Carolina's cities? | North_Carolina
=== Religionen ===
North Carolina ist Teil des Bible Belt (engl. für ''Bibelgürtel''), in dem die Bevölkerung traditionell mit einer überwältigenden Mehrheit protestantisch war und im späten 19. Jahrhundert die Southern Baptists dominierten. Durch den Zuzug von Bürgern aus den nördlichen Staaten und Immigranten aus Lateinamerika steigt der Anteil der Katholiken und der Juden kontinuierlich, 2007 betrug der Anteil der Katholiken 7 %, der der Juden 1 %. Der Wechsel ist vor allem in den urbanen Gebieten des Staates sichtbar, dort haben sich die meisten der Einwanderer niedergelassen und die Bevölkerung stammt aus den unterschiedlichsten Kulturkreisen. Auf dem Land bleibt die baptistische Kirche mit 38 % die vorherrschende christliche Denomination, gefolgt von der zweitgrößten protestantischen Kirche, den Methodisten mit 9 %. Diese sind im nördlichen Piedmont stark vertreten, vor allem in Guilford County. Dort und im Nordosten des Staates gibt es auch einen beträchtlichen Anteil von Quäkern. Die Mitglieder der presbyterianischen Kirche, ursprünglich schottischer und irischer Abstammung, machen 3 % der Gläubigen aus. Sie sind in Charlotte und in Scotland County besonders stark vertreten. Andere Denominationen im Staat sind unter anderen die Lutheraner, die Kongregationalisten, Mormonen und die Church of God. Der Anteil nicht religiöser Bewohner des Staates, beziehungsweise von Atheisten und Agnostikern, beträgt 10 %.
Die wichtigsten Religionsgemeinschaften im Jahr 2010: 1.513.059 Southern Baptist Convention, 659.064 United Methodist Church, 565.051 Protestantismus ohne konfessionelle, 428.860 Katholische Kirche (Bistum Charlotte/Bistum Raleigh), über 300.000 Pfingstbewegung, 185.669 Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Es gibt viele andere, vor allem protestantisch geprägte Konfessionen. | [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 62928, "answer_start": 693, "document_id": 57820, "question_id": 59642, "text": "die baptistische Kirche mit 38 %"}] | {"lang_pair": "EN-DE", "id": "59642", "question": "What religion is the largest outside of North Carolina's cities?", "context": "North_Carolina\n\n=== Religionen ===\nNorth Carolina ist Teil des Bible Belt (engl. für ''Bibelgürtel''), in dem die Bevölkerung traditionell mit einer überwältigenden Mehrheit protestantisch war und im späten 19. Jahrhundert die Southern Baptists dominierten. Durch den Zuzug von Bürgern aus den nördlichen Staaten und Immigranten aus Lateinamerika steigt der Anteil der Katholiken und der Juden kontinuierlich, 2007 betrug der Anteil der Katholiken 7 %, der der Juden 1 %. Der Wechsel ist vor allem in den urbanen Gebieten des Staates sichtbar, dort haben sich die meisten der Einwanderer niedergelassen und die Bevölkerung stammt aus den unterschiedlichsten Kulturkreisen. Auf dem Land bleibt die baptistische Kirche mit 38 % die vorherrschende christliche Denomination, gefolgt von der zweitgrößten protestantischen Kirche, den Methodisten mit 9 %. Diese sind im nördlichen Piedmont stark vertreten, vor allem in Guilford County. Dort und im Nordosten des Staates gibt es auch einen beträchtlichen Anteil von Quäkern. Die Mitglieder der presbyterianischen Kirche, ursprünglich schottischer und irischer Abstammung, machen 3 % der Gläubigen aus. Sie sind in Charlotte und in Scotland County besonders stark vertreten. Andere Denominationen im Staat sind unter anderen die Lutheraner, die Kongregationalisten, Mormonen und die Church of God. Der Anteil nicht religiöser Bewohner des Staates, beziehungsweise von Atheisten und Agnostikern, beträgt 10 %.\nDie wichtigsten Religionsgemeinschaften im Jahr 2010: 1.513.059 Southern Baptist Convention, 659.064 United Methodist Church, 565.051 Protestantismus ohne konfessionelle, 428.860 Katholische Kirche (Bistum Charlotte/Bistum Raleigh), über 300.000 Pfingstbewegung, 185.669 Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Es gibt viele andere, vor allem protestantisch geprägte Konfessionen.", "answers": [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 62928, "answer_start": 693, "document_id": 57820, "question_id": 59642, "text": "die baptistische Kirche mit 38 %"}], "id_raw": 59642} | ||
57898 | qa | EN-DE | What's the best sound quality on the Xbox 360? | Xbox_360
=== Bild- und Tonausgabe ===
Unterstützt werden alle gängigen Formate bis zu Dolby Digital 5.1 mit WMA Pro, auch Pro Logic 2. Die höchstmögliche Tonqualität ist dabei auf 640 kbps beschränkt. Zum Anschluss an externe Geräte verfügt die Konsole über einen optischen Ausgang. Trotz der Hardwarelimitierung auf Dolby Digital 5.1 war es den Entwicklern von Radical Entertainment in Prototype möglich 7.1 Surround Sound zu realisieren.
Bei der Bildausgabe von Videospielen unterscheidet sich die interne Framebufferdatei des Grafikchips in der Farbgebung merklich vom tatsächlich ausgegebenen Bildsignal. Die Xbox 360 verwendet im Gegensatz zum weit verbreiteten Standard sRGB eine abschnittsweise lineare Gamma-Kurve (Xenon PWL), die das ausgegebene Bild automatisch abdunkelt und naturgemäß zu einer schlechteren Durchzeichnung in dunklen Bildbereichen führt. | [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 59789, "answer_start": 181, "document_id": 44849, "question_id": 57898, "text": "640 kbps"}] | {"lang_pair": "EN-DE", "id": "57898", "question": "What's the best sound quality on the Xbox 360?", "context": "Xbox_360\n\n=== Bild- und Tonausgabe ===\nUnterstützt werden alle gängigen Formate bis zu Dolby Digital 5.1 mit WMA Pro, auch Pro Logic 2. Die höchstmögliche Tonqualität ist dabei auf 640 kbps beschränkt. Zum Anschluss an externe Geräte verfügt die Konsole über einen optischen Ausgang. Trotz der Hardwarelimitierung auf Dolby Digital 5.1 war es den Entwicklern von Radical Entertainment in Prototype möglich 7.1 Surround Sound zu realisieren.\nBei der Bildausgabe von Videospielen unterscheidet sich die interne Framebufferdatei des Grafikchips in der Farbgebung merklich vom tatsächlich ausgegebenen Bildsignal. Die Xbox 360 verwendet im Gegensatz zum weit verbreiteten Standard sRGB eine abschnittsweise lineare Gamma-Kurve (Xenon PWL), die das ausgegebene Bild automatisch abdunkelt und naturgemäß zu einer schlechteren Durchzeichnung in dunklen Bildbereichen führt.", "answers": [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 59789, "answer_start": 181, "document_id": 44849, "question_id": 57898, "text": "640 kbps"}], "id_raw": 57898} | ||
56e11e6fcd28a01900c67605 | qa | DE-EN | Welche langjährige Tradition hat dazu beigetragen, Boston zu einem wohlhabenden Hafen zu machen? | Many of the crucial events of the American Revolution—the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, Paul Revere's midnight ride, the battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill, the Siege of Boston, and many others—occurred in or near Boston. After the Revolution, Boston's long seafaring tradition helped make it one of the world's wealthiest international ports, with rum, fish, salt, and tobacco being particularly important. | {"answer_start": [281], "text": ["seafaring tradition"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56e11e6fcd28a01900c67605", "question": "Welche langjährige Tradition hat dazu beigetragen, Boston zu einem wohlhabenden Hafen zu machen?", "context": "Many of the crucial events of the American Revolution—the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, Paul Revere's midnight ride, the battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill, the Siege of Boston, and many others—occurred in or near Boston. After the Revolution, Boston's long seafaring tradition helped make it one of the world's wealthiest international ports, with rum, fish, salt, and tobacco being particularly important.", "answers": {"answer_start": [281], "text": ["seafaring tradition"]}, "id_raw": "56e11e6fcd28a01900c67605"} | ||
68733 | qa | DE-DE | Welche Maßnahmen wurden von Nasser vor dem Sechstagekrieg gegen Israel getroffen? | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
=== Die Niederlage 1967 ===
Ägyptens Präsident Nasser, Saudi-Arabiens König Faisal und PLO-Vorsitzender Arafat im September 1970 auf dem Gipfeltreffen der Arabischen Liga
Im Vorfeld des Sechstagekriegs hatte Nasser verschiedene Aktionen gegenüber Israel wie die Schließung des Golfs von Akaba, die Ausweisung von UN-Truppen auf der Sinai-Halbinsel und eine damit angeblich einhergehende Mobilmachung der ägyptischen Armee angeordnet. Der Präventivangriff Israels und die vernichtende Niederlage, die die israelische Armee den ägyptischen Streitkräften in der Luft und an Land zufügte, führten dazu, dass Nasser am 9. Juni 1967 seinen Rücktritt anbot. Massendemonstrationen in Ägypten und in der arabischen Welt veranlassten ihn jedoch, im Amt zu bleiben. Nasser hatte sein hohes Ansehen beim ägyptischen Volk jedoch eingebüßt. Mit der Niederlage von 1967 setzte der Niedergang des arabischen Nationalismus ein, zu dessen Hauptvertretern Nasser gehörte.
Im Abnutzungskrieg (1968–1970) gelang es Nasser zumindest teilweise, das Selbstvertrauen der ägyptischen Truppen wiederherzustellen. Als Israel im Laufe des Jahres 1969 das Bombardement ägyptischer Städte intensivierte, sah Nasser sich gezwungen, unter großen Zugeständnissen bei den Sowjets um Unterstützung zu ersuchen. Die schwierige Kriegslage mit häufigen israelischen Luftangriffen auf ägyptische Städte hatte ihm zu diesem Zeitpunkt gesundheitlich bereits schwer zugesetzt. | [{"answer_id": 74597, "document_id": 74083, "question_id": 68733, "text": "die Schließung des Golfs von Akaba, die Ausweisung von UN-Truppen auf der Sinai-Halbinsel und eine damit angeblich einhergehende Mobilmachung der ägyptischen Armee", "answer_start": 278, "answer_category": "SHORT"}] | {"lang_pair": "DE-DE", "id": "68733", "question": "Welche Maßnahmen wurden von Nasser vor dem Sechstagekrieg gegen Israel getroffen?", "context": "Gamal_Abdel_Nasser\n\n=== Die Niederlage 1967 ===\nÄgyptens Präsident Nasser, Saudi-Arabiens König Faisal und PLO-Vorsitzender Arafat im September 1970 auf dem Gipfeltreffen der Arabischen Liga\nIm Vorfeld des Sechstagekriegs hatte Nasser verschiedene Aktionen gegenüber Israel wie die Schließung des Golfs von Akaba, die Ausweisung von UN-Truppen auf der Sinai-Halbinsel und eine damit angeblich einhergehende Mobilmachung der ägyptischen Armee angeordnet. Der Präventivangriff Israels und die vernichtende Niederlage, die die israelische Armee den ägyptischen Streitkräften in der Luft und an Land zufügte, führten dazu, dass Nasser am 9. Juni 1967 seinen Rücktritt anbot. Massendemonstrationen in Ägypten und in der arabischen Welt veranlassten ihn jedoch, im Amt zu bleiben. Nasser hatte sein hohes Ansehen beim ägyptischen Volk jedoch eingebüßt. Mit der Niederlage von 1967 setzte der Niedergang des arabischen Nationalismus ein, zu dessen Hauptvertretern Nasser gehörte.\nIm Abnutzungskrieg (1968–1970) gelang es Nasser zumindest teilweise, das Selbstvertrauen der ägyptischen Truppen wiederherzustellen. Als Israel im Laufe des Jahres 1969 das Bombardement ägyptischer Städte intensivierte, sah Nasser sich gezwungen, unter großen Zugeständnissen bei den Sowjets um Unterstützung zu ersuchen. Die schwierige Kriegslage mit häufigen israelischen Luftangriffen auf ägyptische Städte hatte ihm zu diesem Zeitpunkt gesundheitlich bereits schwer zugesetzt.", "answers": [{"answer_id": 74597, "document_id": 74083, "question_id": 68733, "text": "die Schließung des Golfs von Akaba, die Ausweisung von UN-Truppen auf der Sinai-Halbinsel und eine damit angeblich einhergehende Mobilmachung der ägyptischen Armee", "answer_start": 278, "answer_category": "SHORT"}], "id_raw": 68733} | ||
56f74604aef2371900625a8b | qa | DE-EN | Welche Religion ist im Westen und im Westen der Südslawen vorherrschend? | The pagan Slavic populations were Christianized between the 6th and 10th centuries. Orthodox Christianity is predominant in the East and South Slavs, while Roman Catholicism is predominant in West Slavs and the western South Slavs. The religious borders are largely comparable to the East–West Schism which began in the 11th century. The majority of contemporary Slavic populations who profess a religion are Orthodox, followed by Catholic, while a small minority are Protestant. There are minor Slavic Muslim groups. Religious delineations by nationality can be very sharp; usually in the Slavic ethnic groups the vast majority of religious people share the same religion. Some Slavs are atheist or agnostic: only 19% of Czechs professed belief in god/s in the 2005 Eurobarometer survey. | {"answer_start": [156], "text": ["Roman Catholicism"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56f74604aef2371900625a8b", "question": "Welche Religion ist im Westen und im Westen der Südslawen vorherrschend?", "context": "The pagan Slavic populations were Christianized between the 6th and 10th centuries. Orthodox Christianity is predominant in the East and South Slavs, while Roman Catholicism is predominant in West Slavs and the western South Slavs. The religious borders are largely comparable to the East–West Schism which began in the 11th century. The majority of contemporary Slavic populations who profess a religion are Orthodox, followed by Catholic, while a small minority are Protestant. There are minor Slavic Muslim groups. Religious delineations by nationality can be very sharp; usually in the Slavic ethnic groups the vast majority of religious people share the same religion. Some Slavs are atheist or agnostic: only 19% of Czechs professed belief in god/s in the 2005 Eurobarometer survey.", "answers": {"answer_start": [156], "text": ["Roman Catholicism"]}, "id_raw": "56f74604aef2371900625a8b"} | ||
57323f34b9d445190005e91a | qa | EN-EN | Where were appointments in congregations worldwide made from? | On July 26, 1931, at a convention in Columbus, Ohio, Rutherford introduced the new name—Jehovah's witnesses—based on Isaiah 43:10: "Ye are my witnesses, saith Jehovah, and my servant whom I have chosen"—which was adopted by resolution. The name was chosen to distinguish his group of Bible Students from other independent groups that had severed ties with the Society, as well as symbolize the instigation of new outlooks and the promotion of fresh evangelizing methods. In 1932, Rutherford eliminated the system of locally elected elders and in 1938, introduced what he called a "theocratic" (literally, God-ruled) organizational system, under which appointments in congregations worldwide were made from the Brooklyn headquarters. | {"text": ["the Brooklyn headquarters"], "answer_start": [706]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "57323f34b9d445190005e91a", "title": "Jehovah%27s_Witnesses", "context": "On July 26, 1931, at a convention in Columbus, Ohio, Rutherford introduced the new name—Jehovah's witnesses—based on Isaiah 43:10: \"Ye are my witnesses, saith Jehovah, and my servant whom I have chosen\"—which was adopted by resolution. The name was chosen to distinguish his group of Bible Students from other independent groups that had severed ties with the Society, as well as symbolize the instigation of new outlooks and the promotion of fresh evangelizing methods. In 1932, Rutherford eliminated the system of locally elected elders and in 1938, introduced what he called a \"theocratic\" (literally, God-ruled) organizational system, under which appointments in congregations worldwide were made from the Brooklyn headquarters.", "question": "Where were appointments in congregations worldwide made from?", "answers": {"text": ["the Brooklyn headquarters"], "answer_start": [706]}, "id_raw": "57323f34b9d445190005e91a"} | ||
571a10584faf5e1900b8a883 | qa | DE-EN | Für welche Art Theater ist Seattle nach New York zweit? | The 5th Avenue Theatre, built in 1926, stages Broadway-style musical shows featuring both local talent and international stars. Seattle has "around 100" theatrical production companies and over two dozen live theatre venues, many of them associated with fringe theatre; Seattle is probably second only to New York for number of equity theaters (28 Seattle theater companies have some sort of Actors' Equity contract). In addition, the 900-seat Romanesque Revival Town Hall on First Hill hosts numerous cultural events, especially lectures and recitals. | {"answer_start": [328], "text": ["equity theaters"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "571a10584faf5e1900b8a883", "question": "Für welche Art Theater ist Seattle nach New York zweit?", "context": "The 5th Avenue Theatre, built in 1926, stages Broadway-style musical shows featuring both local talent and international stars. Seattle has \"around 100\" theatrical production companies and over two dozen live theatre venues, many of them associated with fringe theatre; Seattle is probably second only to New York for number of equity theaters (28 Seattle theater companies have some sort of Actors' Equity contract). In addition, the 900-seat Romanesque Revival Town Hall on First Hill hosts numerous cultural events, especially lectures and recitals.", "answers": {"answer_start": [328], "text": ["equity theaters"]}, "id_raw": "571a10584faf5e1900b8a883"} | ||
56e17f00e3433e1400422f86 | qa | DE-EN | Wer hat die spezifische Wärmekapazität von H2 beobachtet? | One of the first quantum effects to be explicitly noticed (but not understood at the time) was a Maxwell observation involving hydrogen, half a century before full quantum mechanical theory arrived. Maxwell observed that the specific heat capacity of H2 unaccountably departs from that of a diatomic gas below room temperature and begins to increasingly resemble that of a monatomic gas at cryogenic temperatures. According to quantum theory, this behavior arises from the spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels, which are particularly wide-spaced in H2 because of its low mass. These widely spaced levels inhibit equal partition of heat energy into rotational motion in hydrogen at low temperatures. Diatomic gases composed of heavier atoms do not have such widely spaced levels and do not exhibit the same effect. | {"answer_start": [97], "text": ["Maxwell"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56e17f00e3433e1400422f86", "question": "Wer hat die spezifische Wärmekapazität von H2 beobachtet?", "context": "One of the first quantum effects to be explicitly noticed (but not understood at the time) was a Maxwell observation involving hydrogen, half a century before full quantum mechanical theory arrived. Maxwell observed that the specific heat capacity of H2 unaccountably departs from that of a diatomic gas below room temperature and begins to increasingly resemble that of a monatomic gas at cryogenic temperatures. According to quantum theory, this behavior arises from the spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels, which are particularly wide-spaced in H2 because of its low mass. These widely spaced levels inhibit equal partition of heat energy into rotational motion in hydrogen at low temperatures. Diatomic gases composed of heavier atoms do not have such widely spaced levels and do not exhibit the same effect.", "answers": {"answer_start": [97], "text": ["Maxwell"]}, "id_raw": "56e17f00e3433e1400422f86"} | ||
60212 | qa | EN-DE | What's the self-worth of a thing? | Biodiversität
=== Eigenwert und Selbstwert ===
Eigenwert bedeutet, dass die Biodiversität wegen des ihr von Menschen beigemessenen Wertes an sich geschätzt wird. Diese Wertschätzung betrifft z. B. ihre Existenz an sich, ihre persönliche und kulturelle Bedeutung für den Einzelnen im Sinne von Erinnerungswert und Heimat, ihre besondere Eigenart oder auch die Möglichkeit, dem Individuum spezielle Erfahrungen, wie z. B. die der Wildnis, zu vermitteln. Aus Sicht des Ökosystem-Dienstleistungsansatzes werden die Elemente, Strukturen, Zustände und Prozesse ökologischer Systeme, denen Eigenwerte zugeschrieben werden, meist als kulturelle Ökosystem-Dienstleistungen gefasst.
Vom Eigenwert abzugrenzen ist der Selbstwert der Biodiversität. Objekte mit Selbstwert besitzen einen Zweck an sich und für sich, sind nicht zu ersetzen, unterliegen generell keiner Abwägung und sind nicht monetarisierbar. Unter dem Aspekt des Selbstwertes von Biodiversität sind Konzepte zu bevorzugen, die die Erhaltung der Biodiversität an sich ins Auge fassen, den Maßstab also nicht allein bei der Erhaltung ihrer Funktionen ansetzen. Ob man Biodiversität bzw. den Lebewesen, die sie ausmachen, Selbstwerte zuschreiben kann, ist umstritten. | [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 64659, "answer_start": 738, "document_id": 45145, "question_id": 60212, "text": "Objekte mit Selbstwert besitzen einen Zweck an sich und für sich, sind nicht zu ersetzen, unterliegen generell keiner Abwägung und sind nicht monetarisierbar."}] | {"lang_pair": "EN-DE", "id": "60212", "question": "What's the self-worth of a thing?", "context": "Biodiversität\n\n=== Eigenwert und Selbstwert ===\nEigenwert bedeutet, dass die Biodiversität wegen des ihr von Menschen beigemessenen Wertes an sich geschätzt wird. Diese Wertschätzung betrifft z. B. ihre Existenz an sich, ihre persönliche und kulturelle Bedeutung für den Einzelnen im Sinne von Erinnerungswert und Heimat, ihre besondere Eigenart oder auch die Möglichkeit, dem Individuum spezielle Erfahrungen, wie z. B. die der Wildnis, zu vermitteln. Aus Sicht des Ökosystem-Dienstleistungsansatzes werden die Elemente, Strukturen, Zustände und Prozesse ökologischer Systeme, denen Eigenwerte zugeschrieben werden, meist als kulturelle Ökosystem-Dienstleistungen gefasst.\nVom Eigenwert abzugrenzen ist der Selbstwert der Biodiversität. Objekte mit Selbstwert besitzen einen Zweck an sich und für sich, sind nicht zu ersetzen, unterliegen generell keiner Abwägung und sind nicht monetarisierbar. Unter dem Aspekt des Selbstwertes von Biodiversität sind Konzepte zu bevorzugen, die die Erhaltung der Biodiversität an sich ins Auge fassen, den Maßstab also nicht allein bei der Erhaltung ihrer Funktionen ansetzen. Ob man Biodiversität bzw. den Lebewesen, die sie ausmachen, Selbstwerte zuschreiben kann, ist umstritten.", "answers": [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 64659, "answer_start": 738, "document_id": 45145, "question_id": 60212, "text": "Objekte mit Selbstwert besitzen einen Zweck an sich und für sich, sind nicht zu ersetzen, unterliegen generell keiner Abwägung und sind nicht monetarisierbar."}], "id_raw": 60212} | ||
51925 | qa | EN-DE | When did Mali's directors become internationally known? | Mali
=== Kino ===
Bereits seit der Kolonialperiode hat Mali einige Regisseure hervorgebracht, die mit ihren Filmen das Land, sein reiches kulturelles und historisches Erbe sowie das komplexe soziale Gefüge Malis international bekannt machten. Der 1940 in Bamako geborene Souleymane Cissé landete für seinen Film ''Den muso'' im Gefängnis, sein Streifen ''Yeelen'' wurde mit mehreren internationalen Preisen ausgezeichnet. Der 1945 in San geborene und in Frankreich ausgebildete Cheick Oumar Sissoko gewann für ''Guimba'', ''Le Genèse'' und die Verfilmung eines Romans von Aminata Sow Fall namens ''Battù'' ebenfalls mehrere Preise. Der Regisseur Abderrahmane Sissako legte mit ''Das Weltgericht von Bamako'' (2006) und ''Timbuktu'' (2014) zwei international beachtete Filme vor. | [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 53835, "answer_start": 27, "document_id": 44437, "question_id": 51925, "text": "seit der Kolonialperiode"}] | {"lang_pair": "EN-DE", "id": "51925", "question": "When did Mali's directors become internationally known?", "context": "Mali\n\n=== Kino ===\nBereits seit der Kolonialperiode hat Mali einige Regisseure hervorgebracht, die mit ihren Filmen das Land, sein reiches kulturelles und historisches Erbe sowie das komplexe soziale Gefüge Malis international bekannt machten. Der 1940 in Bamako geborene Souleymane Cissé landete für seinen Film ''Den muso'' im Gefängnis, sein Streifen ''Yeelen'' wurde mit mehreren internationalen Preisen ausgezeichnet. Der 1945 in San geborene und in Frankreich ausgebildete Cheick Oumar Sissoko gewann für ''Guimba'', ''Le Genèse'' und die Verfilmung eines Romans von Aminata Sow Fall namens ''Battù'' ebenfalls mehrere Preise. Der Regisseur Abderrahmane Sissako legte mit ''Das Weltgericht von Bamako'' (2006) und ''Timbuktu'' (2014) zwei international beachtete Filme vor.", "answers": [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 53835, "answer_start": 27, "document_id": 44437, "question_id": 51925, "text": "seit der Kolonialperiode"}], "id_raw": 51925} | ||
68993 | qa | EN-DE | What is a pulmonary obstruction? | Asthma_bronchiale
==== Mangelnde bronchiale Reinigung (Clearance) ====
Die Obstruktion ist die Verengung des Lumens der Atemwege (Verkleinerung des verfügbaren Querschnitts) infolge von Schleimhautödemen (Flüssigkeitseinlagerung in die Schleimhaut), von vermehrter bzw. gestörter Schleimsekretion (Hyperkrinie bzw. Dyskrinie) und von Bronchospasmen (Verkrampfung der glatten Muskulatur der Bronchien). Dadurch wird die Selbstreinigung der Lunge reduziert: Das Sekret kann nicht abfließen und verstärkt seinerseits die Schädigung bis hin zur vollständigen Verlegung, den sogenannten Bronchialausgüssen. | [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 75343, "answer_start": 96, "document_id": 56857, "question_id": 68993, "text": "Verengung des Lumens der Atemwege (Verkleinerung des verfügbaren Querschnitts)"}] | {"lang_pair": "EN-DE", "id": "68993", "question": "What is a pulmonary obstruction?", "context": "Asthma_bronchiale\n\n==== Mangelnde bronchiale Reinigung (Clearance) ====\nDie Obstruktion ist die Verengung des Lumens der Atemwege (Verkleinerung des verfügbaren Querschnitts) infolge von Schleimhautödemen (Flüssigkeitseinlagerung in die Schleimhaut), von vermehrter bzw. gestörter Schleimsekretion (Hyperkrinie bzw. Dyskrinie) und von Bronchospasmen (Verkrampfung der glatten Muskulatur der Bronchien). Dadurch wird die Selbstreinigung der Lunge reduziert: Das Sekret kann nicht abfließen und verstärkt seinerseits die Schädigung bis hin zur vollständigen Verlegung, den sogenannten Bronchialausgüssen.", "answers": [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 75343, "answer_start": 96, "document_id": 56857, "question_id": 68993, "text": "Verengung des Lumens der Atemwege (Verkleinerung des verfügbaren Querschnitts)"}], "id_raw": 68993} | ||
56f8c9c59e9bad19000a04ea | qa | DE-EN | Wer kümmert sich um Feuer in Southampton? | Southampton's fire cover is provided by Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service. There are three fire stations within the city boundaries at St Mary's, Hightown and Redbridge. | {"answer_start": [40], "text": ["Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56f8c9c59e9bad19000a04ea", "question": "Wer kümmert sich um Feuer in Southampton?", "context": "Southampton's fire cover is provided by Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service. There are three fire stations within the city boundaries at St Mary's, Hightown and Redbridge.", "answers": {"answer_start": [40], "text": ["Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service"]}, "id_raw": "56f8c9c59e9bad19000a04ea"} | ||
56dfdc887aa994140058e1d2 | qa | DE-EN | Auf welcher Straße befand sich der griechische Saloon? | By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed] Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport.[citation needed] Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr Ball that had a duck pond at the rear, where drinkers could, for a fee, go out and take a potshot at the ducks. More common, however, was a card room or a billiard room.[citation needed] The saloon was a room where for an admission fee or a higher price of drinks, singing, dancing, drama or comedy was performed and drinks would be served at the table.[citation needed] From this came the popular music hall form of entertainment—a show consisting of a variety of acts.[citation needed] A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in The Eagle, City Road, which is still famous because of a nursery rhyme: "Up and down the City Road / In and out The Eagle / That's the way the money goes / Pop goes the weasel." This meant that the customer had spent all his money at The Eagle, and needed to pawn his "weasel" to get some more. The meaning of the "weasel" is unclear but the two most likely definitions are: a flat iron used for finishing clothing; or rhyming slang for a coat (weasel and stoat). | {"answer_start": [836], "text": ["City Road"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56dfdc887aa994140058e1d2", "question": "Auf welcher Straße befand sich der griechische Saloon?", "context": "By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed] Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport.[citation needed] Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr Ball that had a duck pond at the rear, where drinkers could, for a fee, go out and take a potshot at the ducks. More common, however, was a card room or a billiard room.[citation needed] The saloon was a room where for an admission fee or a higher price of drinks, singing, dancing, drama or comedy was performed and drinks would be served at the table.[citation needed] From this came the popular music hall form of entertainment—a show consisting of a variety of acts.[citation needed] A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in The Eagle, City Road, which is still famous because of a nursery rhyme: \"Up and down the City Road / In and out The Eagle / That's the way the money goes / Pop goes the weasel.\" This meant that the customer had spent all his money at The Eagle, and needed to pawn his \"weasel\" to get some more. The meaning of the \"weasel\" is unclear but the two most likely definitions are: a flat iron used for finishing clothing; or rhyming slang for a coat (weasel and stoat).", "answers": {"answer_start": [836], "text": ["City Road"]}, "id_raw": "56dfdc887aa994140058e1d2"} | ||
570e469c0dc6ce1900204f02 | qa | DE-EN | Welche Verbindung bildet sich zusammen mit Uranylsulfat und Uranylchlorid durch das UO2+2-Ion? | Salts of many oxidation states of uranium are water-soluble and may be studied in aqueous solutions. The most common ionic forms are U3+ (brown-red), U4+ (green), UO+
2 (unstable), and UO2+
2 (yellow), for U(III), U(IV), U(V), and U(VI), respectively. A few solid and semi-metallic compounds such as UO and US exist for the formal oxidation state uranium(II), but no simple ions are known to exist in solution for that state. Ions of U3+ liberate hydrogen from water and are therefore considered to be highly unstable. The UO2+
2 ion represents the uranium(VI) state and is known to form compounds such as uranyl carbonate, uranyl chloride and uranyl sulfate. UO2+
2 also forms complexes with various organic chelating agents, the most commonly encountered of which is uranyl acetate. | {"answer_start": [606], "text": ["uranyl carbonate"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570e469c0dc6ce1900204f02", "question": "Welche Verbindung bildet sich zusammen mit Uranylsulfat und Uranylchlorid durch das UO2+2-Ion?", "context": "Salts of many oxidation states of uranium are water-soluble and may be studied in aqueous solutions. The most common ionic forms are U3+ (brown-red), U4+ (green), UO+\n2 (unstable), and UO2+\n2 (yellow), for U(III), U(IV), U(V), and U(VI), respectively. A few solid and semi-metallic compounds such as UO and US exist for the formal oxidation state uranium(II), but no simple ions are known to exist in solution for that state. Ions of U3+ liberate hydrogen from water and are therefore considered to be highly unstable. The UO2+\n2 ion represents the uranium(VI) state and is known to form compounds such as uranyl carbonate, uranyl chloride and uranyl sulfate. UO2+\n2 also forms complexes with various organic chelating agents, the most commonly encountered of which is uranyl acetate.", "answers": {"answer_start": [606], "text": ["uranyl carbonate"]}, "id_raw": "570e469c0dc6ce1900204f02"} | ||
570981cd200fba14003680d8 | qa | DE-EN | Welches Gesetz gilt als das Kernstück religiöser Gesetze, das die orthodoxen Juden heute kennen? | Orthodox Judaism holds that the words of the Torah, including both the Written Law (Pentateuch) and those parts of the Oral Law which are "halacha leMoshe m'Sinai", were dictated by God to Moses essentially as they exist today. The laws contained in the Written Torah were given along with detailed explanations as how to apply and interpret them, the Oral Law. Although Orthodox Jews believe that many elements of current religious law were decreed or added as "fences" around the law by the rabbis, all Orthodox Jews believe that there is an underlying core of Sinaitic law and that this core of the religious laws Orthodox Jews know today is thus directly derived from Sinai and directly reflects the Divine will. As such, Orthodox Jews believe that one must be extremely careful in interpreting Jewish law. Orthodox Judaism holds that, given Jewish law's Divine origin, no underlying principle may be compromised in accounting for changing political, social or economic conditions; in this sense, "creativity" and development in Jewish law is limited. | {"answer_start": [563], "text": ["Sinaitic law"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570981cd200fba14003680d8", "question": "Welches Gesetz gilt als das Kernstück religiöser Gesetze, das die orthodoxen Juden heute kennen?", "context": "Orthodox Judaism holds that the words of the Torah, including both the Written Law (Pentateuch) and those parts of the Oral Law which are \"halacha leMoshe m'Sinai\", were dictated by God to Moses essentially as they exist today. The laws contained in the Written Torah were given along with detailed explanations as how to apply and interpret them, the Oral Law. Although Orthodox Jews believe that many elements of current religious law were decreed or added as \"fences\" around the law by the rabbis, all Orthodox Jews believe that there is an underlying core of Sinaitic law and that this core of the religious laws Orthodox Jews know today is thus directly derived from Sinai and directly reflects the Divine will. As such, Orthodox Jews believe that one must be extremely careful in interpreting Jewish law. Orthodox Judaism holds that, given Jewish law's Divine origin, no underlying principle may be compromised in accounting for changing political, social or economic conditions; in this sense, \"creativity\" and development in Jewish law is limited.", "answers": {"answer_start": [563], "text": ["Sinaitic law"]}, "id_raw": "570981cd200fba14003680d8"} | ||
47225 | qa | EN-DE | Who lost the Battle of Plassey? | Britisches_Weltreich
=== Herrschaft in Indien ===
Die Britische Ostindien-Kompanie (BEIC) konzentrierte sich im ersten Jahrhundert ihres Bestehens auf den Handel in Indien, da sie nicht in der Lage war, das mächtige Mogulreich herauszufordern, das 1617 den Engländern Handelsrechte gewährt hatte. Dies änderte sich im 18. Jahrhundert, als die Macht der Mogule unter der Herrschaft von Aurangzeb und insbesondere dessen Nachkommen allmählich zu schwinden begann. In den Karnatischen Kriegen der 1740er und 1750er Jahre gewann die BEIC die Oberhand über die konkurrierende Französische Ostindienkompanie. Der Sieg in der Schlacht bei Plassey über den Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula im Jahr 1757 hatte die uneingeschränkte Herrschaft der BEIC in der wirtschaftlich bedeutenden Provinz Bengalen zur Folge. Die Kompanie etablierte sich als führende militärische und politische Macht Indiens.
In den folgenden Jahrzehnten konnte sie das von ihr beherrschte Territorium allmählich ausweiten. Nach dem Dritten Marathenkrieg (1817/18) herrschte sie über weite Teile Südindiens, entweder direkt oder über Vasallen in den indischen Fürstenstaaten, die unter strenger Kontrolle standen. Die lokalen Herrscher mussten die Vorherrschaft Großbritanniens anerkennen und wurden im Falle einer Weigerung abgesetzt. Die Truppen der BEIC setzten sich überwiegend aus Sepoys zusammen. Weitere Eroberungen waren Rohilkhand (1801), Delhi (1803), Sindh (1843), Punjab und Nordwestliche Grenzprovinz (beide 1849), Berar (1854) und Oudh (1856). | [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 48797, "answer_start": 650, "document_id": 43811, "question_id": 47225, "text": "Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula"}] | {"lang_pair": "EN-DE", "id": "47225", "question": "Who lost the Battle of Plassey?", "context": "Britisches_Weltreich\n\n=== Herrschaft in Indien ===\nDie Britische Ostindien-Kompanie (BEIC) konzentrierte sich im ersten Jahrhundert ihres Bestehens auf den Handel in Indien, da sie nicht in der Lage war, das mächtige Mogulreich herauszufordern, das 1617 den Engländern Handelsrechte gewährt hatte. Dies änderte sich im 18. Jahrhundert, als die Macht der Mogule unter der Herrschaft von Aurangzeb und insbesondere dessen Nachkommen allmählich zu schwinden begann. In den Karnatischen Kriegen der 1740er und 1750er Jahre gewann die BEIC die Oberhand über die konkurrierende Französische Ostindienkompanie. Der Sieg in der Schlacht bei Plassey über den Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula im Jahr 1757 hatte die uneingeschränkte Herrschaft der BEIC in der wirtschaftlich bedeutenden Provinz Bengalen zur Folge. Die Kompanie etablierte sich als führende militärische und politische Macht Indiens.\nIn den folgenden Jahrzehnten konnte sie das von ihr beherrschte Territorium allmählich ausweiten. Nach dem Dritten Marathenkrieg (1817/18) herrschte sie über weite Teile Südindiens, entweder direkt oder über Vasallen in den indischen Fürstenstaaten, die unter strenger Kontrolle standen. Die lokalen Herrscher mussten die Vorherrschaft Großbritanniens anerkennen und wurden im Falle einer Weigerung abgesetzt. Die Truppen der BEIC setzten sich überwiegend aus Sepoys zusammen. Weitere Eroberungen waren Rohilkhand (1801), Delhi (1803), Sindh (1843), Punjab und Nordwestliche Grenzprovinz (beide 1849), Berar (1854) und Oudh (1856).", "answers": [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 48797, "answer_start": 650, "document_id": 43811, "question_id": 47225, "text": "Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula"}], "id_raw": 47225} | ||
48145 | qa | DE-DE | Von wem wurden in den 1970en populäre Adult-Contemporary-Charts besetzt? | Adult_Contemporary
== Geschichte ==
In den 1960er-Jahren etablierte in den Vereinigten Staaten das Billboard-Magazin die Easy-Listening-Charts, die sich fernab des neuaufgekommenen Rock’n’Rolls befanden. Sie umfassten traditionellere Titel, die in dieser Zeit überwiegend im Radio gespielt wurden. Nach einigen Jahren wurde dieser Name als nicht mehr zeitgemäß erachtet, da Easy Listening eher mit der sogenannten „Fahrstuhlmusik“ assoziiert wurde. Das Billboard-Magazin führte damit den Begriff Adult Contemporary ein.
Die neuen Adult-Contemporary-Charts erlebten insbesondere einen Aufschwung durch die Singer-Songwriter-Bewegung der 1970er-Jahre. Wichtige Vertreter wurden Leonard Cohen, Eric Clapton und Johnny Cash. Daraufhin entwickelten sich in den Vereinigten Staaten Radioprogramme, die sich ausschließlich auf diese neue Hörergruppe fokussierte und neben den aktuellen Titeln auch bereits etablierte Lieder spielte, mit denen die Hörerschaft aufgewachsen war. | [{"answer_id": 49845, "document_id": 44402, "question_id": 48145, "text": "Leonard Cohen, Eric Clapton und Johnny Cash", "answer_start": 677, "answer_category": "SHORT"}] | {"lang_pair": "DE-DE", "id": "48145", "question": "Von wem wurden in den 1970en populäre Adult-Contemporary-Charts besetzt?", "context": "Adult_Contemporary\n\n== Geschichte ==\nIn den 1960er-Jahren etablierte in den Vereinigten Staaten das Billboard-Magazin die Easy-Listening-Charts, die sich fernab des neuaufgekommenen Rock’n’Rolls befanden. Sie umfassten traditionellere Titel, die in dieser Zeit überwiegend im Radio gespielt wurden. Nach einigen Jahren wurde dieser Name als nicht mehr zeitgemäß erachtet, da Easy Listening eher mit der sogenannten „Fahrstuhlmusik“ assoziiert wurde. Das Billboard-Magazin führte damit den Begriff Adult Contemporary ein.\nDie neuen Adult-Contemporary-Charts erlebten insbesondere einen Aufschwung durch die Singer-Songwriter-Bewegung der 1970er-Jahre. Wichtige Vertreter wurden Leonard Cohen, Eric Clapton und Johnny Cash. Daraufhin entwickelten sich in den Vereinigten Staaten Radioprogramme, die sich ausschließlich auf diese neue Hörergruppe fokussierte und neben den aktuellen Titeln auch bereits etablierte Lieder spielte, mit denen die Hörerschaft aufgewachsen war.", "answers": [{"answer_id": 49845, "document_id": 44402, "question_id": 48145, "text": "Leonard Cohen, Eric Clapton und Johnny Cash", "answer_start": 677, "answer_category": "SHORT"}], "id_raw": 48145} | ||
56dfb5977aa994140058e02e | qa | DE-EN | Wie viele vierseitige Flügel hat Bell geschaffen? | In 1898, Bell experimented with tetrahedral box kites and wings constructed of multiple compound tetrahedral kites covered in maroon silk.[N 23] The tetrahedral wings were named Cygnet I, II and III, and were flown both unmanned and manned (Cygnet I crashed during a flight carrying Selfridge) in the period from 1907–1912. Some of Bell's kites are on display at the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site. | {"answer_start": [142], "text": ["3"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56dfb5977aa994140058e02e", "question": "Wie viele vierseitige Flügel hat Bell geschaffen?", "context": "In 1898, Bell experimented with tetrahedral box kites and wings constructed of multiple compound tetrahedral kites covered in maroon silk.[N 23] The tetrahedral wings were named Cygnet I, II and III, and were flown both unmanned and manned (Cygnet I crashed during a flight carrying Selfridge) in the period from 1907–1912. Some of Bell's kites are on display at the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site.", "answers": {"answer_start": [142], "text": ["3"]}, "id_raw": "56dfb5977aa994140058e02e"} | ||
45925 | qa | EN-DE | When was the discovery of infrared radiation made? | Infrarotstrahlung
== Geschichte ==
Die IR-Strahlung wurde um 1800 vom deutsch-britischen Astronomen, Techniker und Musiker Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel bei dem Versuch entdeckt, die Temperatur der verschiedenen Farben des Sonnenlichtes zu messen. Er ließ dazu Sonnenlicht durch ein Prisma fallen und platzierte ein Thermometer in den einzelnen Farbbereichen. Er bemerkte, dass jenseits des roten Endes des sichtbaren Spektrums das Thermometer die höchste Temperatur anzeigte. Aus dem beobachteten Temperaturanstieg schloss er, dass sich das Sonnenspektrum jenseits des Roten fortsetzt. | [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 46936, "answer_start": 59, "document_id": 44733, "question_id": 45925, "text": "um 1800"}] | {"lang_pair": "EN-DE", "id": "45925", "question": "When was the discovery of infrared radiation made?", "context": "Infrarotstrahlung\n\n== Geschichte ==\nDie IR-Strahlung wurde um 1800 vom deutsch-britischen Astronomen, Techniker und Musiker Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel bei dem Versuch entdeckt, die Temperatur der verschiedenen Farben des Sonnenlichtes zu messen. Er ließ dazu Sonnenlicht durch ein Prisma fallen und platzierte ein Thermometer in den einzelnen Farbbereichen. Er bemerkte, dass jenseits des roten Endes des sichtbaren Spektrums das Thermometer die höchste Temperatur anzeigte. Aus dem beobachteten Temperaturanstieg schloss er, dass sich das Sonnenspektrum jenseits des Roten fortsetzt.", "answers": [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 46936, "answer_start": 59, "document_id": 44733, "question_id": 45925, "text": "um 1800"}], "id_raw": 45925} | ||
570ce9e1b3d812140066d30a | qa | DE-EN | Was beinhaltet Aerobic-Gymnastik? | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | {"answer_start": [54], "text": ["the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570ce9e1b3d812140066d30a", "question": "Was beinhaltet Aerobic-Gymnastik?", "context": "Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category.", "answers": {"answer_start": [54], "text": ["the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness"]}, "id_raw": "570ce9e1b3d812140066d30a"} | ||
5730f4ede6313a140071caf3 | qa | EN-EN | What happened to some expressions in Pushkin's writing? | The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called "высо́кий стиль" — "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary found in the spoken language of the time. Even modern readers of younger age may only experience slight difficulties understanding some words in Pushkin's texts, since relatively few words used by Pushkin have become archaic or changed meaning. In fact, many expressions used by Russian writers of the early 19th century, in particular Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov (Михаи́л Ле́рмонтов), Nikolai Gogol (Никола́й Го́голь), Aleksander Griboyedov (Алекса́ндр Грибое́дов), became proverbs or sayings which can be frequently found even in modern Russian colloquial speech. | {"text": ["became proverbs or sayings which can be frequently found even in modern Russian colloquial speech"], "answer_start": [786]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "5730f4ede6313a140071caf3", "title": "Russian_language", "context": "The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called \"высо́кий стиль\" — \"high style\") in favor of grammar and vocabulary found in the spoken language of the time. Even modern readers of younger age may only experience slight difficulties understanding some words in Pushkin's texts, since relatively few words used by Pushkin have become archaic or changed meaning. In fact, many expressions used by Russian writers of the early 19th century, in particular Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov (Михаи́л Ле́рмонтов), Nikolai Gogol (Никола́й Го́голь), Aleksander Griboyedov (Алекса́ндр Грибое́дов), became proverbs or sayings which can be frequently found even in modern Russian colloquial speech.", "question": "What happened to some expressions in Pushkin's writing?", "answers": {"text": ["became proverbs or sayings which can be frequently found even in modern Russian colloquial speech"], "answer_start": [786]}, "id_raw": "5730f4ede6313a140071caf3"} | ||
56fb88a0b28b3419009f1e04 | qa | DE-EN | In welchem Teil Europas hat sich die Knechtschaft in dieser Zeit erhöht? | Society throughout Europe was disturbed by the dislocations caused by the Black Death. Lands that had been marginally productive were abandoned, as the survivors were able to acquire more fertile areas. Although serfdom declined in Western Europe it became more common in Eastern Europe, as landlords imposed it on those of their tenants who had previously been free. Most peasants in Western Europe managed to change the work they had previously owed to their landlords into cash rents. The percentage of serfs amongst the peasantry declined from a high of 90 to closer to 50 per cent by the end of the period. Landlords also became more conscious of common interests with other landholders, and they joined together to extort privileges from their governments. Partly at the urging of landlords, governments attempted to legislate a return to the economic conditions that existed before the Black Death. Non-clergy became increasingly literate, and urban populations began to imitate the nobility's interest in chivalry. | {"answer_start": [272], "text": ["Eastern"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56fb88a0b28b3419009f1e04", "question": "In welchem Teil Europas hat sich die Knechtschaft in dieser Zeit erhöht?", "context": "Society throughout Europe was disturbed by the dislocations caused by the Black Death. Lands that had been marginally productive were abandoned, as the survivors were able to acquire more fertile areas. Although serfdom declined in Western Europe it became more common in Eastern Europe, as landlords imposed it on those of their tenants who had previously been free. Most peasants in Western Europe managed to change the work they had previously owed to their landlords into cash rents. The percentage of serfs amongst the peasantry declined from a high of 90 to closer to 50 per cent by the end of the period. Landlords also became more conscious of common interests with other landholders, and they joined together to extort privileges from their governments. Partly at the urging of landlords, governments attempted to legislate a return to the economic conditions that existed before the Black Death. Non-clergy became increasingly literate, and urban populations began to imitate the nobility's interest in chivalry.", "answers": {"answer_start": [272], "text": ["Eastern"]}, "id_raw": "56fb88a0b28b3419009f1e04"} | ||
57071d329e06ca38007e944f | qa | DE-EN | Wie viele Menschen haben El Paso und Ciudad Juarez zusammen? | The state has one city with a population exceeding one million: Ciudad Juárez. Ciudad Juárez is ranked eighth most populous city in the country and Chihuahua City was ranked 16th most populous in Mexico. Chihuahua (along with Baja California) is the only state in Mexico to have two cities ranked in the top 20 most populated. El Paso and Ciudad Juárez comprise one of the largest binational metropolitan areas in the world with a combined population of 2.4 million. In fact, Ciudad Juárez is one of the fastest growing cities in the world in spite of the fact that it is "the most violent zone in the world outside of declared war zones". For instance, a few years ago the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas published that in Ciudad Juárez "the average annual growth over the 10-year period 1990–2000 was 5.3 percent. Juárez experienced much higher population growth than the state of Chihuahua and than Mexico as a whole". Chihuahua City has one of the highest literacy rates in the country at 98%; 35% of the population is aged 14 or below, 60% 15-65, and 5% over 65. The growth rate is 2.4%. The 76.5% of the population of the state of Chihuahua live in cities which makes the state one of the most urbanized in Mexico. | {"answer_start": [454], "text": ["2.4 million"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "57071d329e06ca38007e944f", "question": "Wie viele Menschen haben El Paso und Ciudad Juarez zusammen?", "context": "The state has one city with a population exceeding one million: Ciudad Juárez. Ciudad Juárez is ranked eighth most populous city in the country and Chihuahua City was ranked 16th most populous in Mexico. Chihuahua (along with Baja California) is the only state in Mexico to have two cities ranked in the top 20 most populated. El Paso and Ciudad Juárez comprise one of the largest binational metropolitan areas in the world with a combined population of 2.4 million. In fact, Ciudad Juárez is one of the fastest growing cities in the world in spite of the fact that it is \"the most violent zone in the world outside of declared war zones\". For instance, a few years ago the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas published that in Ciudad Juárez \"the average annual growth over the 10-year period 1990–2000 was 5.3 percent. Juárez experienced much higher population growth than the state of Chihuahua and than Mexico as a whole\". Chihuahua City has one of the highest literacy rates in the country at 98%; 35% of the population is aged 14 or below, 60% 15-65, and 5% over 65. The growth rate is 2.4%. The 76.5% of the population of the state of Chihuahua live in cities which makes the state one of the most urbanized in Mexico.", "answers": {"answer_start": [454], "text": ["2.4 million"]}, "id_raw": "57071d329e06ca38007e944f"} | ||
55557 | qa | EN-DE | How does uranium react in contact with oxygen? | Uran
=== Chemische Eigenschaften ===
Uran ist in fein verteiltem Zustand selbstentzündlich. Die meisten Säuren lösen metallisches Uran auf, während es von Basen nicht angegriffen wird. An der Luft überzieht sich das Metall mit einer Oxidschicht.
Uran bildet eine Reihe von Verbindungen, in denen es in den Oxidationsstufen +2 bis +6 vorliegen kann. Die Farbe von Urankomplexen ist in der Regel stark von der Oxidationszahl, aber auch von der Ligandenumgebung abhängig. In wässriger Lösung, ebenso wie in festen Verbindungen werden häufig die folgenden Kombinationen von Farbe und Oxidationsstufe beobachtet: U3+ (violett), U4+ (grün), UVO2+ (blasslila) und UVIO22+ (gelb). In nichtwässrigen Lösungen mit organischen Liganden ergeben sich häufig andere Farbkombinationen. Uran tritt in der Natur überwiegend mit den Wertigkeiten +4 oder +6 auf. Vierwertige Uranminerale sind in Wasser unter normalen pH/EH-Bedingungen nahezu unlöslich. Uranverbindungen sind giftig. Die Toxizität wird v. a. durch deren Löslichkeit bestimmt. Die leichtlöslichen Uranyl-Salze sind am giftigsten, die schwerlöslichen Oxide sind weniger giftig. Uran ist teratogen. | [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 57488, "answer_start": 186, "document_id": 45039, "question_id": 55557, "text": "An der Luft überzieht sich das Metall mit einer Oxidschicht"}] | {"lang_pair": "EN-DE", "id": "55557", "question": "How does uranium react in contact with oxygen?", "context": "Uran\n\n=== Chemische Eigenschaften ===\nUran ist in fein verteiltem Zustand selbstentzündlich. Die meisten Säuren lösen metallisches Uran auf, während es von Basen nicht angegriffen wird. An der Luft überzieht sich das Metall mit einer Oxidschicht.\nUran bildet eine Reihe von Verbindungen, in denen es in den Oxidationsstufen +2 bis +6 vorliegen kann. Die Farbe von Urankomplexen ist in der Regel stark von der Oxidationszahl, aber auch von der Ligandenumgebung abhängig. In wässriger Lösung, ebenso wie in festen Verbindungen werden häufig die folgenden Kombinationen von Farbe und Oxidationsstufe beobachtet: U3+ (violett), U4+ (grün), UVO2+ (blasslila) und UVIO22+ (gelb). In nichtwässrigen Lösungen mit organischen Liganden ergeben sich häufig andere Farbkombinationen. Uran tritt in der Natur überwiegend mit den Wertigkeiten +4 oder +6 auf. Vierwertige Uranminerale sind in Wasser unter normalen pH/EH-Bedingungen nahezu unlöslich. Uranverbindungen sind giftig. Die Toxizität wird v. a. durch deren Löslichkeit bestimmt. Die leichtlöslichen Uranyl-Salze sind am giftigsten, die schwerlöslichen Oxide sind weniger giftig. Uran ist teratogen.", "answers": [{"answer_category": "SHORT", "answer_id": 57488, "answer_start": 186, "document_id": 45039, "question_id": 55557, "text": "An der Luft überzieht sich das Metall mit einer Oxidschicht"}], "id_raw": 55557} | ||
573122d205b4da19006bcde1 | qa | EN-EN | What does China mean? | After conquering "China proper", the Manchus identified their state as "China" (中國, Zhōngguó; "Middle Kingdom"), and referred to it as Dulimbai Gurun in Manchu (Dulimbai means "central" or "middle," gurun means "nation" or "state"). The emperors equated the lands of the Qing state (including present day Northeast China, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet and other areas) as "China" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi-ethnic state, and rejecting the idea that "China" only meant Han areas. The Qing emperors proclaimed that both Han and non-Han peoples were part of "China." They used both "China" and "Qing" to refer to their state in official documents, international treaties (as the Qing was known internationally as "China" or the "Chinese Empire") and foreign affairs, and "Chinese language" (Dulimbai gurun i bithe) included Chinese, Manchu, and Mongol languages, and "Chinese people" (中國之人 Zhōngguó zhī rén; Manchu: Dulimbai gurun i niyalma) referred to all subjects of the empire. In the Chinese-language versions of its treaties and its maps of the world, the Qing government used "Qing" and "China" interchangeably. | {"text": ["Middle Kingdom"], "answer_start": [95]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "573122d205b4da19006bcde1", "title": "Qing_dynasty", "context": "After conquering \"China proper\", the Manchus identified their state as \"China\" (中國, Zhōngguó; \"Middle Kingdom\"), and referred to it as Dulimbai Gurun in Manchu (Dulimbai means \"central\" or \"middle,\" gurun means \"nation\" or \"state\"). The emperors equated the lands of the Qing state (including present day Northeast China, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet and other areas) as \"China\" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi-ethnic state, and rejecting the idea that \"China\" only meant Han areas. The Qing emperors proclaimed that both Han and non-Han peoples were part of \"China.\" They used both \"China\" and \"Qing\" to refer to their state in official documents, international treaties (as the Qing was known internationally as \"China\" or the \"Chinese Empire\") and foreign affairs, and \"Chinese language\" (Dulimbai gurun i bithe) included Chinese, Manchu, and Mongol languages, and \"Chinese people\" (中國之人 Zhōngguó zhī rén; Manchu: Dulimbai gurun i niyalma) referred to all subjects of the empire. In the Chinese-language versions of its treaties and its maps of the world, the Qing government used \"Qing\" and \"China\" interchangeably.", "question": "What does China mean?", "answers": {"text": ["Middle Kingdom"], "answer_start": [95]}, "id_raw": "573122d205b4da19006bcde1"} | ||
570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a5e | qa | DE-EN | In welchem Jahr wurde FIG gegründet? | The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric, gymnastics, that would seem strange to today's audiences and that included for example, synchronized team floor calisthenics, rope climbing, high jumping, running, and horizontal ladder. During the 1920s, women organized and participated in gymnastics events. The first women's Olympic competition was primitive, only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field. These games were held in 1928, in Amsterdam. | {"answer_start": [73], "text": ["1881"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a5e", "question": "In welchem Jahr wurde FIG gegründet?", "context": "The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first \"modern\" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric, gymnastics, that would seem strange to today's audiences and that included for example, synchronized team floor calisthenics, rope climbing, high jumping, running, and horizontal ladder. During the 1920s, women organized and participated in gymnastics events. The first women's Olympic competition was primitive, only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field. These games were held in 1928, in Amsterdam.", "answers": {"answer_start": [73], "text": ["1881"]}, "id_raw": "570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a5e"} | ||
56e7756f00c9c71400d77155 | qa | DE-EN | Welches Amt verwaltet das Wahlkollegium? | The Office of the Federal Register publishes the Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, and United States Statutes at Large, among others. It also administers the Electoral College. | {"answer_start": [0], "text": ["The Office of the Federal Register"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56e7756f00c9c71400d77155", "question": "Welches Amt verwaltet das Wahlkollegium?", "context": "The Office of the Federal Register publishes the Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, and United States Statutes at Large, among others. It also administers the Electoral College.", "answers": {"answer_start": [0], "text": ["The Office of the Federal Register"]}, "id_raw": "56e7756f00c9c71400d77155"} | ||
571a8b9d4faf5e1900b8aa5d | qa | DE-EN | Wessen Position war es, daß Jesus der Sohn Gottes war? | Conflict with Arius and Arianism as well as successive Roman emperors shaped Athanasius's career. In 325, at the age of 27, Athanasius began his leading role against the Arians as his bishop's assistant during the First Council of Nicaea. Roman emperor Constantine the Great had convened the council in May–August 325 to address the Arian position that the Son of God, Jesus of Nazareth, is of a distinct substance from the Father. Three years after that council, Athanasius succeeded his mentor as archbishop of Alexandria. In addition to the conflict with the Arians (including powerful and influential Arian churchmen led by Eusebius of Nicomedia), he struggled against the Emperors Constantine, Constantius II, Julian the Apostate and Valens. He was known as "Athanasius Contra Mundum" (Latin for Athanasius Against the World). | {"answer_start": [329], "text": ["the Arian position"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "571a8b9d4faf5e1900b8aa5d", "question": "Wessen Position war es, daß Jesus der Sohn Gottes war?", "context": "Conflict with Arius and Arianism as well as successive Roman emperors shaped Athanasius's career. In 325, at the age of 27, Athanasius began his leading role against the Arians as his bishop's assistant during the First Council of Nicaea. Roman emperor Constantine the Great had convened the council in May–August 325 to address the Arian position that the Son of God, Jesus of Nazareth, is of a distinct substance from the Father. Three years after that council, Athanasius succeeded his mentor as archbishop of Alexandria. In addition to the conflict with the Arians (including powerful and influential Arian churchmen led by Eusebius of Nicomedia), he struggled against the Emperors Constantine, Constantius II, Julian the Apostate and Valens. He was known as \"Athanasius Contra Mundum\" (Latin for Athanasius Against the World).", "answers": {"answer_start": [329], "text": ["the Arian position"]}, "id_raw": "571a8b9d4faf5e1900b8aa5d"} | ||
570a5ced4103511400d5966c | qa | DE-EN | Welcher Prozentsatz der Mitarbeiter von Imperial wurde 2008 als weltweit führendes Unternehmen eingestuft? | The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise returned 26% of the 1225 staff submitted as being world-leading (4*) and a further 47% as being internationally excellent (3*). The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise also showed five subjects – Pure Mathematics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Mechanical, Aeronautical and Manufacturing Engineering – were assessed to be the best[clarification needed] in terms of the proportion of internationally recognised research quality. | {"answer_start": [47], "text": ["26%"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570a5ced4103511400d5966c", "question": "Welcher Prozentsatz der Mitarbeiter von Imperial wurde 2008 als weltweit führendes Unternehmen eingestuft?", "context": "The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise returned 26% of the 1225 staff submitted as being world-leading (4*) and a further 47% as being internationally excellent (3*). The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise also showed five subjects – Pure Mathematics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Mechanical, Aeronautical and Manufacturing Engineering – were assessed to be the best[clarification needed] in terms of the proportion of internationally recognised research quality.", "answers": {"answer_start": [47], "text": ["26%"]}, "id_raw": "570a5ced4103511400d5966c"} | ||
570d23d4b3d812140066d47f | qa | DE-EN | Wie hieß das Unternehmen, das die Patente von Edisons Forschung hatte? | During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtures, sockets, and other electric lighting devices; and Edison Electric Light Company, the patent-holding company and the financial arm backed by J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edison's lighting experiments. In 1889, Drexel, Morgan & Co., a company founded by J.P. Morgan and Anthony J. Drexel, financed Edison's research and helped merge those companies under one corporation to form Edison General Electric Company which was incorporated in New York on April 24, 1889. The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year. | {"answer_start": [374], "text": ["Edison Electric Light Company"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570d23d4b3d812140066d47f", "question": "Wie hieß das Unternehmen, das die Patente von Edisons Forschung hatte?", "context": "During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtures, sockets, and other electric lighting devices; and Edison Electric Light Company, the patent-holding company and the financial arm backed by J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edison's lighting experiments. In 1889, Drexel, Morgan & Co., a company founded by J.P. Morgan and Anthony J. Drexel, financed Edison's research and helped merge those companies under one corporation to form Edison General Electric Company which was incorporated in New York on April 24, 1889. The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year.", "answers": {"answer_start": [374], "text": ["Edison Electric Light Company"]}, "id_raw": "570d23d4b3d812140066d47f"} | ||
56f8c4bd9b226e1400dd0f6d | qa | DE-EN | Die Wirbellosen mit dem größten Gehirn sind was für zwei Tiere? | Two groups of invertebrates have notably complex brains: arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and others), and cephalopods (octopuses, squids, and similar molluscs). The brains of arthropods and cephalopods arise from twin parallel nerve cords that extend through the body of the animal. Arthropods have a central brain with three divisions and large optical lobes behind each eye for visual processing. Cephalopods such as the octopus and squid have the largest brains of any invertebrates. | {"answer_start": [436], "text": ["octopus and squid"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "56f8c4bd9b226e1400dd0f6d", "question": "Die Wirbellosen mit dem größten Gehirn sind was für zwei Tiere?", "context": "Two groups of invertebrates have notably complex brains: arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and others), and cephalopods (octopuses, squids, and similar molluscs). The brains of arthropods and cephalopods arise from twin parallel nerve cords that extend through the body of the animal. Arthropods have a central brain with three divisions and large optical lobes behind each eye for visual processing. Cephalopods such as the octopus and squid have the largest brains of any invertebrates.", "answers": {"answer_start": [436], "text": ["octopus and squid"]}, "id_raw": "56f8c4bd9b226e1400dd0f6d"} | ||
57069b7b52bb891400689ac7 | qa | DE-EN | Woher kam Jesse Saunders? | The hypnotic electronic dance song "On and On", produced in 1984 by Chicago DJ Jesse Saunders and co-written by Vince Lawrence, had elements that became staples of the early house sound, such as the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer and minimal vocals as well as a Roland (specifically TR-808) drum machine and Korg (specifically Poly-61) synthesizer. It also utilized the bassline from Player One's disco record "Space Invaders" (1979). "On and On" is sometimes cited as the 'first house record', though other examples from around that time, such as J.M. Silk's "Music is the Key" (1985), have also been cited. | {"answer_start": [68], "text": ["Chicago"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "57069b7b52bb891400689ac7", "question": "Woher kam Jesse Saunders?", "context": "The hypnotic electronic dance song \"On and On\", produced in 1984 by Chicago DJ Jesse Saunders and co-written by Vince Lawrence, had elements that became staples of the early house sound, such as the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer and minimal vocals as well as a Roland (specifically TR-808) drum machine and Korg (specifically Poly-61) synthesizer. It also utilized the bassline from Player One's disco record \"Space Invaders\" (1979). \"On and On\" is sometimes cited as the 'first house record', though other examples from around that time, such as J.M. Silk's \"Music is the Key\" (1985), have also been cited.", "answers": {"answer_start": [68], "text": ["Chicago"]}, "id_raw": "57069b7b52bb891400689ac7"} | ||
570a5c426d058f1900182da9 | qa | DE-EN | In welchem Jahr wurde die Imperial College School of Medicine offiziell gegründet? | In 1988 Imperial merged with St Mary's Hospital Medical School, becoming The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. In 1995 Imperial launched its own academic publishing house, Imperial College Press, in partnership with World Scientific. Imperial merged with the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1995 and the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Royal Postgraduate Medical School (RPMS) and the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in 1997. In the same year the Imperial College School of Medicine was formally established and all of the property of Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, the National Heart and Lung Institute and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School were transferred to Imperial as the result of the Imperial College Act 1997. In 1998 the Sir Alexander Fleming Building was opened by Queen Elizabeth II to provide a headquarters for the College's medical and biomedical research. | {"answer_start": [467], "text": ["1997"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570a5c426d058f1900182da9", "question": "In welchem Jahr wurde die Imperial College School of Medicine offiziell gegründet?", "context": "In 1988 Imperial merged with St Mary's Hospital Medical School, becoming The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. In 1995 Imperial launched its own academic publishing house, Imperial College Press, in partnership with World Scientific. Imperial merged with the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1995 and the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Royal Postgraduate Medical School (RPMS) and the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in 1997. In the same year the Imperial College School of Medicine was formally established and all of the property of Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, the National Heart and Lung Institute and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School were transferred to Imperial as the result of the Imperial College Act 1997. In 1998 the Sir Alexander Fleming Building was opened by Queen Elizabeth II to provide a headquarters for the College's medical and biomedical research.", "answers": {"answer_start": [467], "text": ["1997"]}, "id_raw": "570a5c426d058f1900182da9"} | ||
57102482b654c5140001f85a | qa | DE-EN | Wie viele Frauen waren 1991 in Ohio im Todezimmer? | Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death row. And during his two terms (1979–1987) as Florida's Governor, Bob Graham, although a strong death penalty supporter who had overseen the first post-Furman involuntary execution as well as 15 others, agreed to commute the sentences of six people on the grounds of "possible innocence" or "disproportionality." | {"answer_start": [286], "text": ["four"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "57102482b654c5140001f85a", "question": "Wie viele Frauen waren 1991 in Ohio im Todezimmer?", "context": "Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death row. And during his two terms (1979–1987) as Florida's Governor, Bob Graham, although a strong death penalty supporter who had overseen the first post-Furman involuntary execution as well as 15 others, agreed to commute the sentences of six people on the grounds of \"possible innocence\" or \"disproportionality.\"", "answers": {"answer_start": [286], "text": ["four"]}, "id_raw": "57102482b654c5140001f85a"} | ||
570b6c436b8089140040f945 | qa | DE-EN | Was trägt den Rückschlag beim Hardrock-Trommeln? | Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music. The electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong bass drum and a backbeat on snare, sometimes using cymbals for emphasis. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, but usually providing a backing for the rhythm and lead guitars. Vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. | {"answer_start": [343], "text": ["snare"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570b6c436b8089140040f945", "question": "Was trägt den Rückschlag beim Hardrock-Trommeln?", "context": "Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music. The electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong bass drum and a backbeat on snare, sometimes using cymbals for emphasis. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, but usually providing a backing for the rhythm and lead guitars. Vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice.", "answers": {"answer_start": [343], "text": ["snare"]}, "id_raw": "570b6c436b8089140040f945"} | ||
572fafeca23a5019007fc89b | qa | EN-EN | What does the conceptual view offer? | The conceptual view provides a level of indirection between internal and external. On one hand it provides a common view of the database, independent of different external view structures, and on the other hand it abstracts away details of how the data are stored or managed (internal level). In principle every level, and even every external view, can be presented by a different data model. In practice usually a given DBMS uses the same data model for both the external and the conceptual levels (e.g., relational model). The internal level, which is hidden inside the DBMS and depends on its implementation, requires a different level of detail and uses its own types of data structure types. | {"text": ["a level of indirection between internal and external"], "answer_start": [29]} | {"lang_pair": "EN-EN", "id": "572fafeca23a5019007fc89b", "title": "Database", "context": "The conceptual view provides a level of indirection between internal and external. On one hand it provides a common view of the database, independent of different external view structures, and on the other hand it abstracts away details of how the data are stored or managed (internal level). In principle every level, and even every external view, can be presented by a different data model. In practice usually a given DBMS uses the same data model for both the external and the conceptual levels (e.g., relational model). The internal level, which is hidden inside the DBMS and depends on its implementation, requires a different level of detail and uses its own types of data structure types.", "question": "What does the conceptual view offer?", "answers": {"text": ["a level of indirection between internal and external"], "answer_start": [29]}, "id_raw": "572fafeca23a5019007fc89b"} | ||
57072adb9e06ca38007e94c2 | qa | DE-EN | Ursus Americanus ist welches Tier, das in relativ geringer Zahl vorkommt? | The fauna in the state is just as diverse as the flora and varies greatly due to the large contrast in climates. In the mountain zone of the state the most observed mammals are: Mexican fox squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis), antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni), raccoon (Procyon lotor), hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), wild boar (Sus scrofa), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer Odocoileus hemionus, American bison Bison bison, cougar (Puma concolor), eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus, North American porcupine Erethizon dorsatum, bobcat Lynx rufus, Mexican wolf Canis lupus baileyi, and coyote Canis latrans. American black bear Ursus americanus is also found but in very small numbers. The Mexican wolf, once abundant, has been extirpated. The main cause of degradation has been grazing. Although there are many reptilian species in the mountains the most observed species include: Northern Mexican pine snake, Pituophis deppei jani, Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum), rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus), black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus), and plateau tiger salamander Ambystoma velasci, one of possibly many amphibians to be found in the mountains. | {"answer_start": [669], "text": ["American black bear"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "57072adb9e06ca38007e94c2", "question": "Ursus Americanus ist welches Tier, das in relativ geringer Zahl vorkommt?", "context": "The fauna in the state is just as diverse as the flora and varies greatly due to the large contrast in climates. In the mountain zone of the state the most observed mammals are: Mexican fox squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis), antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni), raccoon (Procyon lotor), hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), wild boar (Sus scrofa), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer Odocoileus hemionus, American bison Bison bison, cougar (Puma concolor), eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus, North American porcupine Erethizon dorsatum, bobcat Lynx rufus, Mexican wolf Canis lupus baileyi, and coyote Canis latrans. American black bear Ursus americanus is also found but in very small numbers. The Mexican wolf, once abundant, has been extirpated. The main cause of degradation has been grazing. Although there are many reptilian species in the mountains the most observed species include: Northern Mexican pine snake, Pituophis deppei jani, Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum), rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus), black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus), and plateau tiger salamander Ambystoma velasci, one of possibly many amphibians to be found in the mountains.", "answers": {"answer_start": [669], "text": ["American black bear"]}, "id_raw": "57072adb9e06ca38007e94c2"} | ||
570fdcbb80d9841400ab36e7 | qa | DE-EN | Auf welchem Markt begann Dell 2009 zu konkurrieren? | Dell sells personal computers (PCs), servers, data storage devices, network switches, software, computer peripherals, HDTVs, cameras, printers, MP3 players, and electronics built by other manufacturers. The company is well known for its innovations in supply chain management and electronic commerce, particularly its direct-sales model and its "build-to-order" or "configure to order" approach to manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications. Dell was a pure hardware vendor for much of its existence, but with the acquisition in 2009 of Perot Systems, Dell entered the market for IT services. The company has since made additional acquisitions in storage and networking systems, with the aim of expanding their portfolio from offering computers only to delivering complete solutions for enterprise customers. | {"answer_start": [615], "text": ["IT services"]} | {"lang_pair": "DE-EN", "id": "570fdcbb80d9841400ab36e7", "question": "Auf welchem Markt begann Dell 2009 zu konkurrieren?", "context": "Dell sells personal computers (PCs), servers, data storage devices, network switches, software, computer peripherals, HDTVs, cameras, printers, MP3 players, and electronics built by other manufacturers. The company is well known for its innovations in supply chain management and electronic commerce, particularly its direct-sales model and its \"build-to-order\" or \"configure to order\" approach to manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications. Dell was a pure hardware vendor for much of its existence, but with the acquisition in 2009 of Perot Systems, Dell entered the market for IT services. The company has since made additional acquisitions in storage and networking systems, with the aim of expanding their portfolio from offering computers only to delivering complete solutions for enterprise customers.", "answers": {"answer_start": [615], "text": ["IT services"]}, "id_raw": "570fdcbb80d9841400ab36e7"} | ||
56617 | qa | DE-DE | Zu welcher Art von Gebirge gehört das Zagros-Gebirge im Iran? | Iran
=== Relief ===
Etwa zwei Drittel des Territoriums des Iran nimmt das Hochland des Iran ein, das seinerseits in eine Reihe verschiedener Becken zerfällt. Die Ausdehnung dieser Becken reicht von wenigen Quadratkilometer großen Bolsonen bis hin zu den riesigen Becken der Lut (130.000 km²) und der Großen Kawir (200.000 km²). Die Becken liegen, je nach ihrer tektonischen Vorgeschichte, zwischen 200 m und 1500 m über dem Meeresspiegel. Die Becken sind voneinander durch Schwellen unterschiedlicher Höhe abgeteilt; einige setzen sich in Afghanistan und Pakistan fort.
Das Hochland wird im Westen, Südwesten und Süden von den Gebirgen Zagros und Kuhrud begrenzt. Diese gewaltigen Faltengebirge bestehen aus mehreren nebeneinander in nordwest-südöstlicher Richtung verlaufenden Gebirgsketten, zwischen denen steile Täler sind. Seine höchsten Gipfel sind der Zard Kuh (4571 m) und der Kuh-e-Dinar (4432 m). Der Zagros hat eine maximale Breite von 250 km und eine Länge von 1800 km (Makran-Ketten eingeschlossen) und zählt zu den größten geschlossenen Faltengebirgsmassiven der Welt. Der Norden des Iran wird durch mehrere Gebirge geprägt. Im Nordwesten dominiert der armenisch-aserbaidschanische Gebirgsknoten mit dem großen Becken des Urmiasees. Daran schließt sich das 1200 km lange, vom Talysch-Gebirge bis an die turkmenische Grenze reichende Elburs-Kopet-Dag-System an. Hier befindet sich der mit 5670 m höchste Berg des Nahen Ostens, der ruhende, gletscherbedeckte Vulkan Damavand, wie auch der 4840 m hohe Alam-Kuh. Der Kopet-Dag ist ein mächtiges Faltengebirge auf der Grenze zum heutigen Turkmenistan. Die fast 6000 m Höhenunterschied vom Kaspischen Meer zum nur 60 km entfernten Damavand gehören zu den steilsten Anstiegen der Welt.
Es gibt nur wenige Tiefländer im Iran. Am südlichen Ufer des Kaspischen Meeres befindet sich ein 600 km langes, nur wenige Kilometer breites Küstentiefland. Östlich schließt sich die turkmenische Steppe an, westlich die Mugansteppe. Im Südwesten gehört ein kleiner Teil des mesopotamischen Tieflandes zum Iran, von dort verläuft ein schmaler, flacher, unfruchtbarer Küstensaum entlang des persischen Golfes. | [{"answer_id": 58173, "document_id": 45054, "question_id": 56617, "text": "Faltengebirge", "answer_start": 682, "answer_category": "SHORT"}] | {"lang_pair": "DE-DE", "id": "56617", "question": "Zu welcher Art von Gebirge gehört das Zagros-Gebirge im Iran?", "context": "Iran\n\n=== Relief ===\nEtwa zwei Drittel des Territoriums des Iran nimmt das Hochland des Iran ein, das seinerseits in eine Reihe verschiedener Becken zerfällt. Die Ausdehnung dieser Becken reicht von wenigen Quadratkilometer großen Bolsonen bis hin zu den riesigen Becken der Lut (130.000 km²) und der Großen Kawir (200.000 km²). Die Becken liegen, je nach ihrer tektonischen Vorgeschichte, zwischen 200 m und 1500 m über dem Meeresspiegel. Die Becken sind voneinander durch Schwellen unterschiedlicher Höhe abgeteilt; einige setzen sich in Afghanistan und Pakistan fort.\nDas Hochland wird im Westen, Südwesten und Süden von den Gebirgen Zagros und Kuhrud begrenzt. Diese gewaltigen Faltengebirge bestehen aus mehreren nebeneinander in nordwest-südöstlicher Richtung verlaufenden Gebirgsketten, zwischen denen steile Täler sind. Seine höchsten Gipfel sind der Zard Kuh (4571 m) und der Kuh-e-Dinar (4432 m). Der Zagros hat eine maximale Breite von 250 km und eine Länge von 1800 km (Makran-Ketten eingeschlossen) und zählt zu den größten geschlossenen Faltengebirgsmassiven der Welt. Der Norden des Iran wird durch mehrere Gebirge geprägt. Im Nordwesten dominiert der armenisch-aserbaidschanische Gebirgsknoten mit dem großen Becken des Urmiasees. Daran schließt sich das 1200 km lange, vom Talysch-Gebirge bis an die turkmenische Grenze reichende Elburs-Kopet-Dag-System an. Hier befindet sich der mit 5670 m höchste Berg des Nahen Ostens, der ruhende, gletscherbedeckte Vulkan Damavand, wie auch der 4840 m hohe Alam-Kuh. Der Kopet-Dag ist ein mächtiges Faltengebirge auf der Grenze zum heutigen Turkmenistan. Die fast 6000 m Höhenunterschied vom Kaspischen Meer zum nur 60 km entfernten Damavand gehören zu den steilsten Anstiegen der Welt.\nEs gibt nur wenige Tiefländer im Iran. Am südlichen Ufer des Kaspischen Meeres befindet sich ein 600 km langes, nur wenige Kilometer breites Küstentiefland. Östlich schließt sich die turkmenische Steppe an, westlich die Mugansteppe. Im Südwesten gehört ein kleiner Teil des mesopotamischen Tieflandes zum Iran, von dort verläuft ein schmaler, flacher, unfruchtbarer Küstensaum entlang des persischen Golfes.", "answers": [{"answer_id": 58173, "document_id": 45054, "question_id": 56617, "text": "Faltengebirge", "answer_start": 682, "answer_category": "SHORT"}], "id_raw": 56617} |
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