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200 | milder than would otherwise be the case . The summer temperatures in the south can be warmer than the equivalent summer temperatures in the north by up to 30 °C ( 54 °F ) .Martian surface temperatures vary from lows of about −110 °C (−166 °F) to highs of up to 35 °C (95 °F) in equatorial summer. The wide range in tempe... | [0.05112907662987709, -0.00430571474134922, 0.03174841031432152, 0.027827546000480652, 0.13838501274585724, -0.07919205725193024, -0.014946000650525093, -0.018385453149676323, 0.011118417605757713, 0.1204381138086319, -0.01593942753970623, -0.03484230861067772, 0.08817791938781738, 0.034159768372774124, 0.0630614608526... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
201 | atmospheric pressure , which is less than 1 % that of Earth . Only at the lowest of elevations are the pressure and temperature high enough for liquid water to exist for short periods .Although little water is present in the atmosphere, there is enough to produce clouds of water ice and different cases of snow and fros... | [0.012010373175144196, -0.020519904792308807, 0.07327450811862946, 0.014060038141906261, 0.052399832755327225, -0.08317112177610397, -0.0107788797467947, 0.028112415224313736, 0.022734304890036583, 0.023548539727926254, -0.07590712606906891, -0.02452169544994831, 0.02030297741293907, -0.0091632679104805, -0.02457964234... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
202 | networks , but precipitation was probably the root cause of the incision in almost all cases . Along craters and canyon walls , there are thousands of features that appear similar to terrestrial gullies .The gullies tend to be in the highlands of the Southern Hemisphere and face the Equator; all are poleward of 30° lat... | [0.018665459007024765, -0.005739319138228893, 0.09299243986606598, 0.011696439236402512, 0.10746505856513977, -0.07677096128463745, 0.04252321645617485, -0.00011884644482051954, -0.015150858089327812, 0.029918864369392395, -0.011797436513006687, -0.083066426217556, 0.017873547971248627, 0.0033939070999622345, 0.0014860... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
203 | conditions in the past , and in December 2011 , the mineral gypsum , which also forms in the presence of water , was found on the surface by NASA 's Mars rover Opportunity .It is estimated that the amount of water in the upper mantle of Mars, represented by hydroxyl ions contained within Martian minerals, is equal to o... | [-0.07876385748386383, 0.010272163897752762, 0.10852108150720596, 0.002678968943655491, 0.06664910912513733, -0.08606928586959839, 0.002582427579909563, 0.05482209101319313, 0.013020223006606102, 0.046785712242126465, -0.07419005781412125, -0.0744059681892395, 0.07896172255277634, 0.017692595720291138, -0.0383915863931... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
204 | , with at most a limited role for water in initiating the process . A definitive conclusion about the presence , extent , and role of liquid water on the Martian surface remains elusive .Researchers suspect much of the low northern plains of the planet were covered with an ocean hundreds of meters deep, though this the... | [-0.0006494676345027983, 0.045883845537900925, 0.020778320729732513, -0.006644620560109615, 0.10919895768165588, -0.11261630803346634, -0.044968996196985245, 0.06741955876350403, -0.027705470100045204, 0.05800537019968033, -0.06315363198518753, -0.07019653171300888, 0.019813433289527893, 0.041227929294109344, 0.0389776... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
205 | which is 12,100 cubic kilometers ) . During observations from 2018 through 2021 , the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter spotted indications of water , probably subsurface ice , in the Valles Marineris canyon system .Orbital motion
Mars's average distance from the Sun is roughly 230 million km (143 million mi), and its orbital ... | [0.037907686084508896, 0.016677163541316986, 0.0463981106877327, -0.020157843828201294, 0.046010278165340424, -0.0715433806180954, -0.032513633370399475, 0.016082357615232468, 0.02849508263170719, 0.04402150213718414, 0.01145975198596716, -0.02287081815302372, -0.014834128320217133, -0.009315514005720615, 0.05835612490... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
206 | of 779.94 days . It should not be confused with Mars conjunction , where the Earth and Mars are at opposite sides of the Solar System and form a straight line crossing the Sun .The average time between the successive oppositions of Mars, its synodic period, is 780 days; but the number of days between successive opposit... | [0.05758848413825035, -0.004230540711432695, 0.03629887476563454, 0.02143934741616249, 0.025288302451372147, -0.08009400218725204, -0.10535487532615662, 0.02991425059735775, 0.029766594991087914, 0.07990642637014389, 0.027661962434649467, -0.023536961525678635, 0.018248893320560455, -0.06103042885661125, 0.015202682465... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
207 | 's atmosphere . As Mars approaches opposition , it begins a period of retrograde motion , which means it will appear to move backwards in a looping curve with respect to the background stars .This retrograde motion lasts for about 72 days, and Mars reaches its peak apparent brightness in the middle of this interval. Mo... | [-0.004461039789021015, 0.03543325141072273, -0.018576132133603096, 0.03517550975084305, 0.009951837360858917, -0.08092161267995834, -0.00305166095495224, 0.06049467250704765, 0.06566460430622101, 0.10266655683517456, 0.052457619458436966, 0.025638660416007042, -0.01262172032147646, -0.07793472707271576, -0.01034197770... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
208 | tidal forces from Mars are gradually lowering its orbit . In about 50 million years , it could either crash into Mars 's surface or break up into a ring structure around the planet .The origin of the two satellites is not well understood. Their low albedo and carbonaceous chondrite composition have been regarded as sim... | [0.022464219480752945, -0.003728725016117096, 0.011958202347159386, 0.011000762693583965, 0.059137847274541855, -0.05801447853446007, 0.018245672807097435, 0.031378086656332016, 0.017315497621893883, 0.1415230929851532, -0.002115091308951378, -0.06131262332201004, -0.013104316778481007, -0.004161800257861614, 0.0517662... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
209 | also possible that Phobos and Deimos were fragments of an older moon , formed by debris from a large impact on Mars , and then destroyed by a more recent impact upon the satellite .Human observations and exploration
The history of observations of Mars is marked by oppositions of Mars when the planet is closest to Earth... | [0.019515689462423325, 0.07697632163763046, 0.032413385808467865, 0.031928785145282745, 0.01595066674053669, -0.08562636375427246, -0.02692442573606968, 0.010538313537836075, 0.09009920805692673, 0.05747561529278755, -0.0006270273588597775, -0.03799135982990265, 0.001973317004740238, -0.053811270743608475, -0.114822439... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
210 | as Mars , was Ares . It was the Romans who named the planet Mars , for their god of war , often represented by the sword and shield of the planet 's namesake .In the fourth century BCE, Aristotle noted that Mars disappeared behind the Moon during an occultation, indicating that the planet was farther away. Ptolemy, a G... | [-0.012383542023599148, 0.08793656527996063, -0.035026710480451584, 0.06355253607034683, -0.038870010524988174, -0.06264996528625488, 0.0033426417503505945, -0.016702547669410706, 0.0556282177567482, 0.08050709962844849, 0.0101487897336483, 0.019161289557814598, 0.03377445787191391, -0.034598082304000854, -0.0553241148... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
211 | again measured in an effort to determine the Sun-Earth distance . This was first performed by Giovanni Domenico Cassini in 1672 . The early parallax measurements were hampered by the quality of the instruments .The only occultation of Mars by Venus observed was that of 13 October 1590, seen by Michael Maestlin at Heide... | [-0.000885580840986222, -0.004875415936112404, -0.023688774555921555, -0.048845577985048294, -0.047993700951337814, -0.15478171408176422, -0.01155980583280325, 0.04171982407569885, -0.025095686316490173, -0.006739261094480753, 0.037461377680301666, -0.044694822281599045, -0.00960115808993578, 0.04838206246495247, -0.14... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
212 | the dark areas formed during Martian summers ) in combination with the canals led to speculation about life on Mars , and it was a long-held belief that Mars contained vast seas and vegetation .As bigger telescopes were used, fewer long, straight canali were observed. During observations in 1909 by Antoniadi with an 84... | [0.05993522331118584, -0.02305442839860916, -0.03294798359274864, 0.016178946942090988, 0.0637432262301445, -0.14575515687465668, -0.09234768152236938, 0.029686251655220985, -0.028125660493969917, 0.03829609602689743, 0.08253750205039978, -0.005434134975075722, 0.038235459476709366, 0.029442569240927696, -0.02708597108... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
213 | until late 2006 ) an uninterrupted active robotic presence at Mars that has lasted until today . It produced complete , extremely detailed maps of the Martian topography , magnetic field and surface minerals .Starting with these missions a range of new improved crewless spacecraft, including orbiters, landers, and rove... | [0.008238624781370163, -0.10659100860357285, -0.031538065522909164, 0.021127872169017792, 0.048280537128448486, -0.06787000596523285, -0.07679260522127151, 0.030505551025271416, -0.014922426082193851, 0.09852243214845657, 0.022868523374199867, 0.013751310296356678, 0.04248660430312157, 0.00823818426579237, -0.004288521... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
214 | pushed to 2028 at the earliest . The project was restarted in 2024 with additional funding . A current concept for a joint NASA-ESA mission to return samples from Mars would launch in 2026 .China's Tianwen-3, a sample return mission, scheduled to launch in either 2028 or 2030. As of February 2024, debris from these typ... | [-0.07190751284360886, -0.032710205763578415, 0.04935957491397858, 0.014873482286930084, 0.08879439532756805, -0.07538332045078278, 0.014398100785911083, -0.000254506099736318, -0.04689599201083183, 0.10437717288732529, 0.04717748612165451, 0.03813595324754715, 0.016152741387486458, 0.03979332372546196, -0.008970564231... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
215 | Mars . The current understanding of planetary habitability – the ability of a world to develop environmental conditions favorable to the emergence of life – favors planets that have liquid water on their surface .Most often this requires the orbit of a planet to lie within the habitable zone, which for the Sun is estim... | [0.010030637495219707, 0.0052780467085540295, 0.03257853165268898, 0.013332015834748745, 0.16750071942806244, -0.03576093912124634, 0.039274200797080994, -0.004811704158782959, -0.007601485121995211, 0.09189578890800476, -0.030023690313100815, -0.06142406538128853, 0.02882741205394268, 0.0334310308098793, 0.01629809848... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
216 | exposure to water and nutrients . This sign of life was later disputed by scientists , resulting in a continuing debate , with NASA scientist Gilbert Levin asserting that Viking may have found life .A 2014 analysis of Martian meteorite EETA79001 found chlorate, perchlorate, and nitrate ions in sufficiently high concent... | [-0.029937125742435455, 0.038386743515729904, 0.0223012063652277, 0.04956301301717758, 0.18938331305980682, -0.029090771451592445, 0.07220165431499481, 0.0032194461673498154, 0.038078662008047104, 0.04377499967813492, -0.0016121160006150603, -0.06410250812768936, 0.006798822432756424, 0.11340437829494476, -0.0155832134... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
217 | Mars mission in the early 2030s ; the resulting report concluded that this would be unfeasible . In addition , in 2021 , China was planning to send a crewed Mars mission in 2033 .Privately held companies such as SpaceX have also proposed plans to send humans to Mars, with the eventual goal to settle on the planet. As o... | [0.013160773552954197, -0.005498508922755718, 0.019189147278666496, -0.034083057194948196, -0.035840511322021484, -0.0708235651254654, -0.018100347369909286, -0.02982773445546627, -0.004691476467996836, 0.10494227707386017, 0.014054699800908566, 0.04159310460090637, -0.0026001730002462864, -0.00484730489552021, -0.0419... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
218 | `` the bringer of war '' . The planet 's symbol , a circle with a spear pointing out to the upper right , is also used as a symbol for the male gender .The symbol dates from at least the 11th century, though a possible predecessor has been found in the Greek Oxyrhynchus Papyri. The idea that Mars was populated by intel... | [0.01944640651345253, -0.004633297678083181, -0.014376801438629627, 0.041477520018815994, 0.08307909965515137, -0.11099023371934891, -0.011894329451024532, -0.021586518734693527, 0.01852487586438656, 0.0450618714094162, 0.039312854409217834, -0.006014615297317505, -0.017916643992066383, 0.006418641656637192, -0.0669049... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
219 | well as Edgar Rice Burroughs 's series Barsoom , C. S. Lewis 's novel Out of the Silent Planet ( 1938 ) , and a number of Robert A. Heinlein stories before the mid-sixties .Since then, depictions of Martians have also extended to animation. A comic figure of an intelligent Martian, Marvin the Martian, appeared in Hared... | [0.030795620754361153, -0.011915904469788074, -0.06787802278995514, 0.027284229174256325, 0.0259716734290123, -0.007513762917369604, -0.03166097402572632, -0.008326606824994087, 0.04201074317097664, 0.0641653910279274, 0.032037653028964996, 0.08735901862382889, 0.08579473942518234, -0.033737849444150925, -0.02158207073... | Mars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars.https... |
220 | The asteroid belt is a torus-shaped region in the Solar System, centered on the Sun and roughly spanning the space between the orbits of the planets Jupiter and Mars. It contains a great many solid, irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets. The identified objects are of many sizes, but much smaller ... | [0.10485043376684189, 0.019283076748251915, -0.02539563737809658, -0.07341855764389038, 0.013907359912991524, -0.0957835242152214, -0.03398667275905609, 0.08775543421506882, 0.05067209154367447, 0.01790081150829792, 0.007343666162341833, -0.07904830574989319, 0.008905484341084957, -0.07100428640842438, 0.03814218565821... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
221 | ) , silicate ( S-type ) , and metal-rich ( M-type ) . The asteroid belt formed from the primordial solar nebula as a group of planetesimals , the smaller precursors of the protoplanets .However, between Mars and Jupiter gravitational perturbations from Jupiter disrupted their accretion into a planet, imparting excess k... | [0.013148929923772812, -0.032593175768852234, 0.0027440625708550215, 0.01501334086060524, 0.06046959385275841, -0.10179184377193451, -0.0004620253457687795, 0.09387919306755066, 0.038426805287599564, 0.03779091313481331, 0.006086539011448622, -0.019080858677625656, 0.050963062793016434, -0.08795130997896194, 0.02049825... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
222 | translation of Charles Bonnet 's Contemplation de la Nature , the astronomer Johann Daniel Titius of Wittenberg noted an apparent pattern in the layout of the planets , now known as the Titius-Bode Law .If one began a numerical sequence at 0, then included 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, etc., doubling each time, and added four to e... | [-0.051679715514183044, -0.01367751881480217, -0.03065047785639763, -0.04586152732372284, -0.019668076187372208, -0.06122909113764763, -0.016404107213020325, 0.05833837389945984, 0.06072103604674339, 0.08458387851715088, 0.053467296063899994, -0.015302778221666813, 0.053602397441864014, -0.07631637156009674, -0.0586295... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
223 | Thus , the aforementioned pattern predicted the semimajor axes of all eight planets of the time ( Mercury , Venus , Earth , Mars , Ceres , Jupiter , Saturn , and Uranus ) .Concurrent with the discovery of Ceres, an informal group of 24 astronomers dubbed the "celestial police" was formed under the invitation of Franz X... | [-0.026602163910865784, -0.02087285742163658, -0.008815756998956203, -0.015073848888278008, 0.06781937181949615, -0.07124481350183487, -0.025103911757469177, 0.008293802849948406, 0.05847416818141937, 0.10911646485328674, 0.07496944069862366, -0.054110556840896606, 0.031560733914375305, -0.02483159862458706, -0.0240057... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
224 | region : Juno and Vesta . The burning of Lilienthal in the Napoleonic Wars , where the main body of work had been done , brought this first period of discovery to a close .Despite Herschel's coinage, for several decades it remained common practice to refer to these objects as planets and to prefix their names with numb... | [-0.05417603626847267, -0.037322234362363815, 0.012211990542709827, -0.03359081968665123, 0.025493469089269638, -0.07843094319105148, 0.01921909861266613, 0.04113147407770157, 0.05783659592270851, 0.0796913430094719, 0.03810018673539162, -0.025951189920306206, 0.034280482679605484, -0.04737986996769905, -0.040126215666... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
225 | 's A Guide to the Knowledge of the Heavens : `` The orbits of the asteroids are placed in a wide belt of space , extending between the extremes of [ ... ] '' .The American astronomer Benjamin Peirce seems to have adopted that terminology and to have been one of its promoters. Over 100 asteroids had been located by mid-... | [0.035188719630241394, -0.02604963257908821, -0.020045729354023933, -0.021794255822896957, 0.028702622279524803, -0.11834188550710678, -0.04935090243816376, 0.07154195010662079, 0.017673764377832413, 0.06935669481754303, 0.011291596107184887, 0.0038296475540846586, 0.027258172631263733, -0.0026462299283593893, -0.06218... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
226 | required to destroy a planet , combined with the belt 's low combined mass , which is only about 4 % of the mass of Earth 's Moon , does not support these hypotheses .Further, the significant chemical differences between the asteroids become difficult to explain if they come from the same planet. A modern hypothesis fo... | [-0.013254867866635323, -0.02308007702231407, 0.04488147795200348, -0.007074498571455479, 0.05844295769929886, -0.10158491879701614, -0.020153453573584557, 0.06275796890258789, 0.07678863406181335, 0.04735293984413147, -0.022033048793673515, -0.024282515048980713, 0.06936641782522202, -0.10638536512851715, 0.0339197926... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
227 | was too high , the shattering of planetesimals tended to dominate over accretion , preventing the formation of a planet . Instead , they continued to orbit the Sun as before , occasionally colliding .During the early history of the Solar System, the asteroids melted to some degree, allowing elements within them to be d... | [-0.045264773070812225, 0.0077316369861364365, 0.04930475726723671, 0.08091416954994202, 0.0726577416062355, -0.08351441472768784, 0.006912158336490393, 0.09663278609514236, 0.01315945666283369, 0.09618491679430008, -0.016070542857050896, -0.033512189984321594, 0.04719972237944603, -0.03769694268703461, 0.0501731336116... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
228 | original mass . Since its formation , the size distribution of the asteroid belt has remained relatively stable ; no significant increase or decrease in the typical dimensions of the main-belt asteroids has occurred .The 4:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter, at a radius 2.06 astronomical units (AUs), can be considered th... | [0.0027098916471004486, 0.0034125654492527246, 0.016288669779896736, 0.018293699249625206, 0.02057354338467121, -0.12326224148273468, -0.08011852204799652, 0.07624158263206482, 0.016692224889993668, 0.03915541246533394, -0.04179805889725685, -0.02673153392970562, 0.022464150562882423, -0.11268710345029831, 0.0358227267... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
229 | Jupiter . Characteristics Contrary to popular imagery , the asteroid belt is mostly empty . The asteroids are spread over such a large volume that reaching an asteroid without aiming carefully would be improbable .Nonetheless, hundreds of thousands of asteroids are currently known, and the total number ranges in the mi... | [0.09289652854204178, -0.033358462154865265, -0.018795767799019814, -0.015570777468383312, 0.01517580822110176, -0.11065798252820969, -0.09549868851900101, 0.12848858535289764, 0.0023523885756731033, 0.02365882694721222, 0.01650213450193405, -0.029000811278820038, 0.03516204282641411, -0.0636657178401947, 0.05047808215... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
230 | accounted for by Ceres alone . Composition The present day belt consists primarily of three categories of asteroids : C-type carbonaceous asteroids , S-type silicate asteroids , and a hybrid group of X-type asteroids .The hybrid group have featureless spectra, but they can be divided into three groups based on reflecti... | [0.050459470599889755, -0.04642045870423317, 0.04029520973563194, -0.0011532094795256853, 0.10226200520992279, 0.029857175424695015, -0.008211076259613037, 0.09297709912061691, 0.003163157729431987, 0.024558836594223976, -0.05222295969724655, -0.1048894003033638, -0.02081792987883091, -0.040958553552627563, 0.126234650... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
231 | of iron-nickel . Some are believed to have formed from the metallic cores of differentiated progenitor bodies that were disrupted through collision . However , some silicate compounds also can produce a similar appearance .For example, the large M-type asteroid 22 Kalliope does not appear to be primarily composed of me... | [0.022831449285149574, -0.01285560429096222, 0.054395124316215515, 0.023494506254792213, 0.038064390420913696, -0.03757825866341591, 0.00858441460877657, 0.06458484381437302, 0.0027276522014290094, 0.007571694441139698, -0.003324197605252266, -0.09301517903804779, -0.018337726593017578, -0.050531063228845596, 0.0582735... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
232 | the Sun . For dust particles within the belt , typical temperatures range from 200 K ( −73 °C ) at 2.2 AU down to 165 K ( −108 °C ) at 3.2 AU .However, due to rotation, the surface temperature of an asteroid can vary considerably as the sides are alternately exposed to solar radiation then to the stellar background. Ma... | [0.038101933896541595, -0.00047108446597121656, 0.02114284224808216, -0.01206134632229805, 0.057592906057834625, -0.08409592509269714, -0.03367346152663231, 0.09775246679782867, -0.00806270819157362, 0.06417124718427658, -0.05038078874349594, -0.07857867330312729, 0.048701319843530655, -0.09329338371753693, 0.115872442... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
233 | of 2006 , this `` core '' region contained 93 % of all discovered and numbered minor planets within the Solar System . The JPL Small-Body Database lists over 1 million known main-belt asteroids .Kirkwood gaps
The semimajor axis of an asteroid is used to describe the dimensions of its orbit around the Sun, and its value... | [0.007259149104356766, -0.006456494331359863, 0.028118470683693886, -4.634143624571152e-05, 0.033799637109041214, -0.07115238904953003, -0.05172452703118324, 0.05269152298569679, 0.09783271700143814, 0.020719487220048904, 0.020409315824508667, 0.04586831107735634, 0.011772297322750092, -0.09021452814340591, 0.052507847... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
234 | at low relative speeds may also join two asteroids . After more than 4 billion years of such processes , the members of the asteroid belt now bear little resemblance to the original population .Evidence suggests that most main belt asteroids between 200 m and 10 km in diameter are rubble piles formed by collisions. The... | [0.06710456311702728, 0.0006828077021054924, 0.04557265713810921, 0.022609733045101166, 0.04179145395755768, -0.09602595865726471, 0.0187783632427454, 0.0372297577559948, 0.05839888006448746, 0.006563409231603146, -0.006144412327557802, -0.03546734154224396, 0.027433548122644424, -0.06673803925514221, 0.080509141087532... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
235 | debris from collisions can form meteoroids that enter the Earth 's atmosphere . Of the 50,000 meteorites found on Earth to date , 99.8 percent are believed to have originated in the asteroid belt .Families and groups
In 1918, the Japanese astronomer Kiyotsugu Hirayama noticed that the orbits of some of the asteroids ha... | [0.002664112253114581, -0.0524907186627388, -0.012419145554304123, 0.02392936870455742, 0.04754098132252693, -0.06168973073363304, 0.02459803782403469, 0.02665465511381626, 0.034231364727020264, -0.006675785407423973, 0.06409980356693268, -0.08781721442937851, 0.038577817380428314, -0.017010297626256943, 0.041593801230... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
236 | impact on Vesta . Likewise , the HED meteorites may also have originated from Vesta as a result of this collision . Three prominent bands of dust have been found within the asteroid belt .These have similar orbital inclinations as the Eos, Koronis, and Themis asteroid families, and so are possibly associated with those... | [-0.014513135887682438, 0.021022316068410873, 0.0504210889339447, -0.03254278004169464, -0.021455589681863785, -0.10473544895648956, -0.05353565514087677, 0.04482674226164818, 0.04730001837015152, 0.038733240216970444, 0.034780144691467285, -0.0856519266963005, 0.029675545170903206, -0.04693816602230072, 0.045006681233... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
237 | group . Another high-inclination group in the inner part of the asteroid belt is the Phocaea family . These are composed primarily of S-type asteroids , whereas the neighboring Hungaria family includes some E-types .The Phocaea family orbit between 2.25 and 2.5 AU from the Sun. Skirting the outer edge of the asteroid b... | [-0.008624169044196606, -0.07759477198123932, -0.020456688478589058, -0.03540175408124924, -0.000920780177693814, -0.08766473829746246, -0.0615496002137661, 0.07648638635873795, 0.024547480046749115, 0.01425803080201149, 0.06437545269727707, -0.09544635564088821, 0.016558969393372536, -0.06592245399951935, 0.0378452166... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
238 | At the time , there was some concern that the debris in the belt would pose a hazard to the spacecraft , but it has since been safely traversed by multiple spacecraft without incident .Pioneer 11, Voyagers 1 and 2 and Ulysses passed through the belt without imaging any asteroids. Cassini measured plasma and fine dust g... | [0.005838559940457344, -0.022760512307286263, 0.008908692747354507, -0.0044056992046535015, 0.06573756039142609, -0.14025165140628815, -0.02514544688165188, 0.08033154159784317, -0.015140618197619915, -0.009449965320527554, -0.04342895373702049, -0.013406825251877308, 0.028118060901761055, -0.02292461507022381, -0.0637... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
239 | Asteroids '' . The Nine Planets . Archived from the original on April 18 , 2007 . Retrieved April 20 , 2007 . Asteroids Page at NASA 's Solar System Exploration Cain , Fraser ."The Asteroid Belt". Universe Today. Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. Retrieved April 1, 2008. "Main Asteroid Belt". Sol Company. Ar... | [0.024657966569066048, -0.07244710624217987, 0.07148951292037964, -0.012265815399587154, 0.04803210869431496, -0.0683765560388565, -0.07110030204057693, 0.09360342472791672, -0.024576276540756226, 0.06263475120067596, -0.025114720687270164, 0.04715884476900101, 0.007731645368039608, -0.011811520904302597, 0.02993694506... | Asteroid belt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt.https://en.w... |
240 | Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass nearly 2.5 times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined and slightly less than one-thousandth the mass of the Sun. Its diameter is 11 times that of Earth and a tenth that of the Sun. Jupiter ... | [0.0160102266818285, -0.02121831849217415, -0.00679689459502697, 0.03302261605858803, 0.11178147047758102, -0.06978685408830643, 0.0031129566486924887, 0.020765356719493866, 0.009952372871339321, -0.042093053460121155, -0.06471044570207596, -0.06906354427337646, -0.014773447066545486, -0.06716446578502655, 0.0494337528... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
241 | 6.5 % bulge around the equator compared to its poles . Its internal structure is believed to consist of an outer mantle of fluid metallic hydrogen and a diffuse inner core of denser material .The ongoing contraction of Jupiter's interior generates more heat than the planet receives from the Sun. Jupiter's magnetic fiel... | [0.02253739908337593, -0.0839182659983635, 0.008014733903110027, -0.003966358955949545, 0.09701615571975708, -0.09364992380142212, -0.02999606356024742, 0.057321175932884216, 0.01492195762693882, -0.05235420912504196, -0.09282533079385757, -0.052491478621959686, 0.013404692523181438, -0.09153882414102554, 0.05648981779... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
242 | the god 's lovers , favourites , and descendants . The planetary symbol for Jupiter , , descends from a Greek zeta with a horizontal stroke , ⟨Ƶ⟩ , as an abbreviation for Zeus .In Latin, Iovis is the genitive case of Iuppiter, i.e. Jupiter. It is associated with the etymology of Zeus ('sky father'). The English equival... | [-0.06064847856760025, -0.011929924599826336, 0.024382876232266426, 0.06719572097063065, 0.12215307354927063, -0.10897592455148697, 0.03785992041230202, 0.033551350235939026, 0.10256536304950714, -0.024893956258893013, -0.015341412276029587, -0.028125831857323647, 0.03413451835513115, -0.04716125875711441, 0.0068037901... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
243 | heavy-element constituents . When the proto-Jupiter grew larger than 50 Earth masses it created a gap in the solar nebula . Thereafter , the growing planet reached its final mass in 3–4 million years .According to the "grand tack hypothesis", Jupiter began to form at a distance of roughly 3.5 AU (520 million km; 330 mi... | [-0.010620277374982834, -0.04729647934436798, 0.04563814029097557, 0.02809400111436844, 0.09033100306987762, -0.06089380383491516, -0.05177803337574005, 0.06692837178707123, 0.018902629613876343, 0.020161673426628113, 0.020716629922389984, -0.04970845580101013, 0.002308986848220229, -0.08222153782844543, 0.047807853668... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
244 | that are close to those of the present-day planet . Other models predict Jupiter forming at distances much further out , such as 18 AU ( 2.7 billion km ; 1.7 billion mi ) .According to the Nice model, the infall of proto-Kuiper belt objects over the first 600 million years of Solar System history caused Jupiter and Sat... | [-0.04861660674214363, -0.015372601337730885, 0.06968434900045395, 0.03247355297207832, 0.10447666049003601, -0.03127884864807129, -0.035230252891778946, 0.08662109076976776, 0.045928582549095154, 0.04048537462949753, -0.05770696699619293, -0.041883435100317, -0.035611070692539215, -0.050957921892404556, 0.017564255744... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
245 | would have formed even further out than Jupiter , and Saturn would also have migrated inwards . Physical characteristics Jupiter is a gas giant , meaning its chemical composition is primarily hydrogen and helium .These materials are classified as gasses in planetary geology, a term that does not denote the state of mat... | [0.026873871684074402, -0.03631545603275299, -0.009511163458228111, -0.0064094653353095055, 0.14280204474925995, -0.02358255535364151, 0.024952294304966927, 0.06821838021278381, -0.01988590881228447, -0.0013049555709585547, -0.10953526198863983, -0.0866817831993103, -0.0011280607432126999, -0.05332404747605324, 0.05150... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
246 | . Jupiter 's helium abundance is about 80 % that of the Sun due to the precipitation of these elements as helium-rich droplets , a process that happens deep in the planet 's interior .Based on spectroscopy, Saturn is thought to be similar in composition to Jupiter, but the other giant planets Uranus and Neptune have re... | [-0.016332535073161125, -0.041074566543102264, 0.007216381374746561, 0.05367480218410492, 0.10442888736724854, -0.041585806757211685, 0.0022696559317409992, 0.0875280499458313, -0.01904330775141716, -0.02842002734541893, -0.10723430663347244, -0.0990576446056366, 0.0027395100332796574, -0.05066230520606041, 0.068540513... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
247 | This process causes Jupiter to shrink by about 1 mm ( 0.039 in ) per year . At the time of its formation , Jupiter was hotter and was about twice its current diameter .Theoretical models indicate that if Jupiter had over 40% more mass, the interior would be so compressed that its volume would decrease despite the incre... | [-0.02708452008664608, 0.005877921357750893, -0.0010518701747059822, 0.07277194410562515, 0.10754497349262238, -0.07683587819337845, -0.05869736522436142, 0.06556041538715363, -0.004500258713960648, 0.0030246975366026163, -0.06534694880247116, -0.0172854196280241, 0.019042175263166428, -0.032004550099372864, 0.07075688... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
248 | , and comprising heavy elements with a combined mass 7–25 times the Earth . This mixing process could have arisen during formation , while the planet accreted solids and gases from the surrounding nebula .Alternatively, it could have been caused by an impact from a planet of about ten Earth masses a few million years a... | [-0.06392985582351685, -0.02233864553272724, 0.020926645025610924, 0.03993641212582588, 0.14940428733825684, -0.021438321098685265, 0.006974261719733477, 0.050031017512083054, 0.0012511663371697068, -0.014086689800024033, -0.06833869218826294, -0.10235122591257095, -0.0005609875661320984, -0.11979841440916061, 0.072817... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
249 | where the atmospheric pressure level is about one standard Earth atmosphere ( about 0.10 MPa ( 1 bar ) ) , the temperature is around 165 K ( −108 °C ; −163 °F ) .The region where supercritical hydrogen changes gradually from a molecular fluid to a metallic fluid spans pressure ranges of 50–400 GPa with temperatures of ... | [-0.0052473777905106544, -0.022503560408949852, -0.01161186583340168, -0.014468861743807793, 0.11642387509346008, -0.011489938013255596, 0.001176671008579433, 0.04474680498242378, 0.02258109487593174, -0.02227945066988468, -0.09438757598400116, -0.09429796040058136, 0.002358129946514964, -0.09370107203722, 0.0329494588... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
250 | underlying the ammonia clouds , as suggested by flashes of lightning detected in the atmosphere of Jupiter . These electrical discharges can be up to a thousand times as powerful as lightning on Earth .The water clouds are assumed to generate thunderstorms in the same way as terrestrial thunderstorms, driven by the hea... | [-0.04517670348286629, -0.08000099658966064, 0.0678706169128418, 0.018456462770700455, 0.1364314705133438, -0.04132538288831711, 0.08134423941373825, -0.04624427109956741, 0.08256375789642334, -0.038585662841796875, -0.051648106426000595, -0.07057022303342819, -0.00803313497453928, -0.06394393742084503, -0.002085990272... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
251 | It was first observed in 1831 , and possibly as early as 1665 . Images by the Hubble Space Telescope have shown two more `` red spots '' adjacent to the Great Red Spot .The storm is visible through Earth-based telescopes with an aperture of 12 cm or larger. The storm rotates counterclockwise, with a period of about six... | [0.018721703439950943, -0.01821337640285492, 0.06730864942073822, 0.049128927290439606, 0.029912017285823822, 0.0004351771785877645, -0.004596304148435593, 0.0741729885339737, 0.030295133590698242, -0.028999125584959984, -0.04886767268180847, 0.06722081452608109, 0.059698570519685745, -0.07144416123628616, -0.039097476... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
252 | but smaller . This was created when smaller , white oval-shaped storms merged to form a single feature—these three smaller white ovals were formed in 1939–1940 . The merged feature was named Oval BA .It has since increased in intensity and changed from white to red, earning it the nickname "Little Red Spot". In April 2... | [0.01660951040685177, -0.010339519008994102, -0.006917930673807859, 0.04799383878707886, 0.13110271096229553, -0.0184345580637455, -0.022392183542251587, 0.03233034163713455, 0.045432500541210175, -0.07044681906700134, -0.10161087661981583, 0.0119710061699152, 0.04641740396618843, -0.065767802298069, 0.0762118548154831... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
253 | the magnetosphere with the solar wind generates a bow shock . Surrounding Jupiter 's magnetosphere is a magnetopause , located at the inner edge of a magnetosheath—a region between it and the bow shock .The solar wind interacts with these regions, elongating the magnetosphere on Jupiter's lee side and extending it outw... | [-0.023107871413230896, 0.0004083919629920274, -0.01131879910826683, 0.006046082824468613, 0.10298247635364532, -0.023426884785294533, -0.005269295070320368, 0.02660602517426014, 0.03688434138894081, -0.053731873631477356, -0.04265882074832916, -0.01776779815554619, 0.03240719065070152, -0.10063020884990692, 0.02001705... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
254 | known as the halo , a relatively bright main ring , and an outer gossamer ring . These rings appear to be made of dust , whereas Saturn 's rings are made of ice .The main ring is most likely made out of material ejected from the satellites Adrastea and Metis, which is drawn into Jupiter because of the planet's strong g... | [0.019073253497481346, -0.0676020011305809, -0.03029678761959076, -0.0024497045669704676, 0.03957056254148483, -0.10548191517591476, 0.06136387214064598, 0.06852466613054276, 0.09515446424484253, -0.03753316029906273, -0.071404829621315, -0.02575633116066456, 0.002801251132041216, -0.08454098552465439, -0.0004365644417... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
255 | more giant planets tends to induce larger eccentricities . The axial tilt of Jupiter is 3.13° , which is relatively small , so its seasons are insignificant compared to those of Earth and Mars .Jupiter's rotation is the fastest of all the Solar System's planets, completing a rotation on its axis in slightly less than t... | [0.03881317004561424, -0.05257062986493111, -0.03806174546480179, -0.06339753419160843, 0.10360352694988251, -0.08100134134292603, -0.07339005917310715, 0.065546415746212, 0.04538688808679581, -0.03738311678171158, -0.012971334159374237, 0.023664012551307678, 0.03002571314573288, -0.07584810256958008, 0.070320099592208... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
256 | to −1.66 during conjunction with the Sun . The mean apparent magnitude is −2.20 with a standard deviation of 0.33 . The angular diameter of Jupiter likewise varies from 50.1 to 30.5 arc seconds .Favourable oppositions occur when Jupiter is passing through the perihelion of its orbit, bringing it closer to Earth. Near o... | [-0.015640782192349434, -0.01817425712943077, -0.011950029991567135, 0.02079416997730732, 0.06160185858607292, -0.08951245993375778, -0.06905350834131241, 0.07333715260028839, 0.056019023060798645, -0.026012107729911804, -0.025046711787581444, -0.043562013655900955, 0.019259801134467125, -0.042346298694610596, 0.011448... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
257 | controlling the region of the heavens opposite Jupiter 's position in the night sky . These beliefs survive in some Taoist and folk religious practices and in the East Asian zodiac 's twelve animals .The Chinese historian Xi Zezong has claimed that Gan De, an ancient Chinese astronomer, reported a small star "in allian... | [-0.022926991805434227, -0.01713726483285427, 0.006468733306974173, -0.002012016950175166, -0.011401418596506119, -0.14794926345348358, -0.03462377190589905, 0.05382366105914116, 0.00044755585258826613, -0.047173745930194855, 0.0049052913673222065, -0.05500330775976181, 0.0017297290032729506, -0.062205009162425995, -0.... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
258 | condemned by the Inquisition . In the autumn of 1639 , the Neapolitan optician Francesco Fontana tested a 22-palm telescope of his own making and discovered the characteristic bands of the planet 's atmosphere .During the 1660s, Giovanni Cassini used a new telescope to discover spots in Jupiter's atmosphere, observe th... | [-0.0044018421322107315, -0.023616885766386986, -0.022250808775424957, 0.07330267876386642, 0.04150639846920967, -0.06305596977472305, 0.022638656198978424, 0.0763183981180191, -0.02348330430686474, -0.044950250536203384, -0.027057787403464317, -0.007330016233026981, 0.017441751435399055, -0.007433471269905567, -0.0558... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
259 | An additional eight satellites were discovered before the flyby of the Voyager 1 probe in 1979 . In 1932 , Rupert Wildt identified absorption bands of ammonia and methane in the spectra of Jupiter .Three long-lived anticyclonic features called "white ovals" were observed in 1938. For several decades, they remained as s... | [0.03043452277779579, -0.04773455858230591, -0.0501532107591629, 0.040728870779275894, 0.07907046377658844, -0.08993712067604065, -0.016509853303432465, 0.052567750215530396, 0.020379791036248207, -0.05515999719500542, -0.041782818734645844, 0.003689915407449007, 0.05157754197716713, -0.024198085069656372, 0.0689739137... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
260 | of Jupiter . Exploration Jupiter has been visited by automated spacecraft since 1973 , when the space probe Pioneer 10 passed close enough to Jupiter to send back revelations about its properties and phenomena .Missions to Jupiter are accomplished at a cost in energy, which is described by the net change in velocity of... | [-0.005451449193060398, -0.009503444656729698, -0.02969457022845745, 0.018637018278241158, 0.08596005290746689, -0.09474454075098038, 0.011632837355136871, 0.041298557072877884, -0.05180296301841736, 0.036339160054922104, -0.020852569490671158, -0.029669469222426414, -0.01248935516923666, -0.07820145040750504, 0.011584... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
261 | the night side atmosphere . The next mission to encounter Jupiter was the Ulysses solar probe . In February 1992 , it performed a flyby manoeuvre to attain a polar orbit around the Sun .During this pass, the spacecraft studied Jupiter's magnetosphere, although it had no cameras to photograph the planet. The spacecraft ... | [-0.028210191056132317, -0.08001765608787537, 0.0013857466401532292, 0.04070599749684334, 0.11055941134691238, -0.1139407604932785, -0.0048033506609499454, 0.015908002853393555, -0.034308403730392456, -0.012976481579244137, -0.0230606310069561, -0.015265746042132378, -0.022782685235142708, -0.006638074293732643, -0.074... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
262 | possibility of the spacecraft crashing into and possibly contaminating the moon Europa , which may harbour life . Data from this mission revealed that hydrogen composes up to 90 % of Jupiter 's atmosphere .The recorded temperature was more than 300 °C (572 °F), and the wind speed measured more than 644 km/h (>400 mph) ... | [-0.0021910173818469048, -0.10090992599725723, 0.03364642336964607, -0.003369982587173581, 0.0704299733042717, -0.10762929171323776, -0.055847663432359695, -0.027465809136629105, -0.02213652990758419, -0.025923339650034904, 0.012656382285058498, -0.028202833607792854, 0.01839304156601429, -0.059753384441137314, 0.01409... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
263 | 's JIMO ( Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter ) to be cancelled in 2005 . A subsequent proposal was developed for a joint NASA/ESA mission called EJSM/Laplace , with a provisional launch date around 2020 .EJSM/Laplace would have consisted of the NASA-led Jupiter Europa Orbiter and the ESA-led Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter. However, t... | [-0.09637630730867386, -0.0871838852763176, 0.026366770267486572, 0.0037245771382004023, 0.04612019658088684, -0.06158226355910301, -0.05650017037987709, 0.040122248232364655, -0.005717233754694462, 0.012325132265686989, -0.0011094525689259171, -0.032053835690021515, -0.010155628435313702, 0.009150027297437191, 0.01036... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
264 | , Europa , and Ganymede form a pattern known as a Laplace resonance ; for every four orbits that Io makes around Jupiter , Europa makes exactly two orbits and Ganymede makes exactly one .This resonance causes the gravitational effects of the three large moons to distort their orbits into elliptical shapes, because each... | [0.010557124391198158, -0.07459753751754761, 0.056456562131643295, 0.03424384444952011, 0.04209937900304794, -0.06260684877634048, -0.06812355667352676, -0.0066529978066682816, 0.05258043110370636, -0.05383798107504845, -0.07021717727184296, -0.09827985614538193, 0.008586877956986427, -0.10798324644565582, 0.0262322127... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
265 | thought to be captured asteroids or fragments of captured asteroids . The irregular moons within each group may have a common origin , perhaps as a larger moon or captured body that broke up .Interaction with the Solar System
As the most massive of the eight planets, the gravitational influence of Jupiter has helped sh... | [0.0011571388458833098, -0.03775705769658089, -0.013292958959937096, 0.0005557473632507026, 0.06301379948854446, -0.08521959185600281, -0.022906001657247543, 0.06226907670497894, 0.0016321089351549745, 0.05449960380792618, -0.004333392716944218, 0.043142206966876984, 0.029901904985308647, -0.08150803297758102, -0.01091... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
266 | more impacts on Jupiter , such as comets , than on any other planet in the Solar System . For example , Jupiter experiences about 200 times more asteroid and comet impacts than Earth .Scientists used to believe that Jupiter partially shielded the inner system from cometary bombardment. However, computer simulations in ... | [-0.04727119952440262, -0.04051883891224861, 0.0872376337647438, 0.057870324701070786, 0.08892537653446198, -0.07904414087533951, 0.006842007860541344, 0.13909830152988434, -0.016421914100646973, -0.005659041926264763, -0.01565084233880043, -0.02418711967766285, -0.003305152291432023, -0.018181590363383293, -0.04854767... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
267 | zodiac . The mythical Greek name for this planet is Zeus ( Ζεύς ) , also referred to as Dias ( Δίας ) , the planetary name of which is retained in modern Greek .The ancient Greeks knew the planet as Phaethon (Φαέθων), meaning "shining one" or "blazing star". The Greek myths of Zeus from the Homeric period showed partic... | [-0.032136473804712296, 0.036563050001859665, 0.016473740339279175, 0.02012883871793747, 0.03256033733487129, -0.09633120149374008, 0.08733389526605606, 0.022711779922246933, 0.0781247541308403, -0.029134206473827362, -0.0633045956492424, -0.01669280417263508, -0.003676092717796564, -0.024910852313041687, -0.0162408184... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
268 | . The Turks calculated the period of the orbit of Jupiter as 11 years and 300 days . They believed that some social and natural events connected to Erentüz 's movements in the sky .The Chinese, Vietnamese, Koreans, and Japanese called it the "wood star" (Chinese: 木星; pinyin: mùxīng), based on the Chinese Five Elements.... | [-0.04740092530846596, 0.023531366139650345, 0.06557536870241165, 0.10212350636720657, -0.0014914273051545024, -0.05101218819618225, -0.01393421646207571, -0.03847332298755646, 0.03138090297579765, -0.0632956475019455, -0.0029931210447102785, -0.005749201402068138, 0.008670821785926819, -0.08204912394285202, 0.00943461... | Jupiter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter.https://en.wikip... |
269 | Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas giant, with an average radius of about 9 times that of Earth. It has an eighth of the average density of Earth, but is over 95 times more massive. Even though Saturn is almost as big as Jupiter, Saturn has le... | [0.025857212021946907, -0.01727873459458351, 0.010575995780527592, -0.008726431988179684, 0.10153254866600037, 0.03878447413444519, 0.05101028084754944, 0.0716065838932991, 0.004271172918379307, -0.012935356236994267, -0.12439874559640884, -0.041957251727581024, -0.026201093569397926, -0.01888974942266941, 0.0287546589... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
270 | and the second largest in the Solar System , is larger ( but less massive ) than the planet Mercury and is the only moon in the Solar System that has a substantial atmosphere .Name and symbol
Saturn is named after the Roman god of wealth and agriculture, who was the father of the god Jupiter. Its astronomical symbol ()... | [-0.024650167673826218, 0.003692099591717124, 0.02829139679670334, 0.006950798910111189, 0.04531693831086159, -0.03699639439582825, 0.05933282524347305, 0.061396319419145584, 0.06850801408290863, -0.04915899783372879, -0.043344952166080475, -0.013442164286971092, -0.035926345735788345, -0.0025896031875163317, -0.020841... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
271 | equatorial escape velocity , nearly 36 km/s , is much higher than that of Earth . Saturn is the only planet of the Solar System that is less dense than water—about 30 % less .Although Saturn's core is considerably denser than water, the average specific density of the planet is 0.69 g/cm3, because of the atmosphere. Ju... | [0.02530800923705101, -0.04474388062953949, -0.013544900342822075, 0.013349898159503937, 0.12625297904014587, -0.009755047038197517, 0.059490349143743515, 0.084400475025177, 0.01706278882920742, 0.00549656106159091, -0.11860619485378265, -0.09101531654596329, 0.004293459001928568, -0.012674792669713497, 0.0595312453806... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
272 | Saturn 's core . In 2004 , scientists estimated that the core must be 9–22 times the mass of Earth , which corresponds to a diameter of about 25,000 km ( 16,000 mi ) .Measurements of Saturn's rings suggest a much more diffuse core, with a mass equal to about 17 Earths and a radius equal to about 60% of Saturn's entire ... | [0.010344774462282658, -0.028081588447093964, -0.014205219224095345, 0.026121551170945168, 0.09947871416807175, -0.011839119717478752, 0.034122008830308914, 0.09132429957389832, -0.00027569473604671657, 0.017913667485117912, -0.10457035899162292, -0.09389399737119675, 0.004602487199008465, -0.027931641787290573, 0.0252... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
273 | Sun . The quantity of elements heavier than helium ( metallicity ) is not known precisely , but the proportions are assumed to match the primordial abundances from the formation of the Solar System .The total mass of these heavier elements is estimated to be 19–31 times the mass of Earth, with a significant fraction lo... | [-0.005429775919765234, -0.031558942049741745, 0.07630348950624466, 0.05595916137099266, 0.10819625109434128, -0.0030956710688769817, 0.10310373455286026, 0.03311537206172943, 0.04812878742814064, 0.0008653877885080874, -0.07842379808425903, -0.09723503887653351, -0.03143554925918579, -0.014809241518378258, -0.02772260... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
274 | varies with depth and increasing pressure . In the upper cloud layers , with temperatures in the range of 100–160 K and pressures extending between 0.5–2 bar , the clouds consist of ammonia ice .Water ice clouds begin at a level where the pressure is about 2.5 bar and extend down to 9.5 bar, where temperatures range fr... | [-0.03655587136745453, 0.002132606692612171, 0.12895873188972473, 0.004853895399719477, 0.10124745219945908, -0.010105172172188759, 0.025616910308599472, 0.08583211898803711, 0.048408448696136475, -0.03532664477825165, -0.136464923620224, -0.04297145828604698, 0.044474322348833084, 0.015650777146220207, -0.041248135268... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
275 | indicate peak easterly winds of 500 m/s ( 1,800 km/h ) . In images from the Cassini spacecraft during 2007 , Saturn 's northern hemisphere displayed a bright blue hue , similar to Uranus .The color was most likely caused by Rayleigh scattering. Thermography has shown that Saturn's south pole has a warm polar vortex, th... | [0.008520170114934444, -0.0014560349518433213, 0.037418536841869354, -0.03451582416892052, 0.024056080728769302, 0.02025182545185089, 0.026395438238978386, 0.017099399119615555, 0.07491078227758408, 0.0158262737095356, -0.06327305734157562, 0.04045920819044113, -0.0043741390109062195, -0.04598069190979004, 0.0306933559... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
276 | . For example , images from the Galileo spacecraft did not show an eyewall in the Great Red Spot of Jupiter . The south pole storm may have been present for billions of years .This vortex is comparable to the size of Earth, and it has winds of 550 km/h. Magnetosphere
Saturn has an intrinsic magnetic field that has a si... | [0.014596781693398952, -0.020843688398599625, 0.048112913966178894, -0.021019546315073967, 0.13638253509998322, -0.008344706147909164, -0.019876960664987564, 0.03525638207793236, -0.004097067750990391, -0.03569107875227928, -0.08161018043756485, 0.013325325213372707, 0.049635518342256546, -0.08261159807443619, 0.042984... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
277 | . The elliptical orbit of Saturn is inclined 2.48° relative to the orbital plane of the Earth . The perihelion and aphelion distances are , respectively , 9.195 and 9.957 AU , on average .The visible features on Saturn rotate at different rates depending on latitude, and multiple rotation periods have been assigned to ... | [0.012081504799425602, -0.08211854100227356, -0.03359651565551758, -0.11946776509284973, 0.04560118168592453, -0.030291344970464706, -0.024922054260969162, 0.07467979192733765, 0.1283511519432068, -0.018350405618548393, 0.018751800060272217, 0.040814511477947235, 0.04157071188092232, -0.019900880753993988, 0.0355150252... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
278 | , it was found that the variation in radio emissions from the planet did not match Saturn 's rotation rate . This variance may be caused by geyser activity on Saturn 's moon Enceladus .The water vapor emitted into Saturn's orbit by this activity becomes charged and creates a drag upon Saturn's magnetic field, slowing i... | [0.02961237169802189, -0.03163694590330124, 0.005243645049631596, -0.03578786924481392, 0.03362972289323807, -0.07403890788555145, 0.03283173218369484, 0.05686624348163605, 0.03939713537693024, 0.0024800701066851616, -0.042795974761247635, 0.03540487214922905, 0.04459688067436218, 0.0046372320502996445, -0.063991561532... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
279 | only satellite with hydrocarbon lakes . On 6 June 2013 , scientists at the IAA-CSIC reported the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the upper atmosphere of Titan , a possible precursor for life .On 23 June 2014, NASA claimed to have strong evidence that nitrogen in the atmosphere of Titan came from materi... | [-0.10137355327606201, -0.048228710889816284, 0.004692288115620613, -0.041217319667339325, 0.1284485012292862, -0.02939499169588089, 0.06916429102420807, 0.057547811418771744, 0.08646085858345032, 0.011139719747006893, -0.07149703055620193, -0.06237572059035301, -0.009329842403531075, -0.023863933980464935, -0.04907019... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
280 | dust up to 10 m. While the other gas giants also have ring systems , Saturn 's is the largest and most visible . There is a debate on the age of the rings .One side supports that they are ancient, and were created simultaneously with Saturn from the original nebular material (around 4.6 billion years ago), or shortly a... | [-0.03717022389173508, -0.006381737068295479, 0.01644330658018589, -0.011591333895921707, 0.02313348278403282, -0.03299308195710182, 0.009658331982791424, 0.0950128361582756, 0.03686453029513359, -0.04363542050123215, -0.06711658090353012, 0.0027833664789795876, -0.013477199710905552, -0.05013185366988182, -0.056123517... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
281 | Pre-telescopic observation Saturn has been known since prehistoric times , and in early recorded history it was a major character in various mythologies . Babylonian astronomers systematically observed and recorded the movements of Saturn .In ancient Greek, the planet was known as Φαίνων Phainon, and in Roman times it ... | [-0.03547793626785278, 0.031279511749744415, 0.026346266269683838, -0.006953238509595394, 0.014165538363158703, -0.03586622327566147, 0.10413260757923126, 0.021856112405657768, 0.04891759902238846, 0.049022916704416275, -0.04294120892882347, -0.024699952453374863, 0.013610300607979298, -0.0010989239672198892, -0.091576... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
282 | conjurations '' . In Ottoman Turkish , Urdu , and Malay , the name of Zazel is 'Zuhal ' , derived from the Arabic language ( Arabic : زحل , romanized : Zuhal ) .Telescopic pre-spaceflight observations
Saturn's rings require at least a 15-mm-diameter telescope to resolve and were not known to exist until Christiaan Huyg... | [-0.08823233097791672, 0.009279996156692505, -0.06232375279068947, 0.03864438831806183, -0.0426219217479229, -0.13492318987846375, 0.12367229163646698, 0.053568579256534576, -0.0020492258481681347, -0.008623767644166946, -0.013769727200269699, -0.01513128075748682, 0.04162456467747688, -0.029458336532115936, -0.0649342... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
283 | ( 12,000 mi ) of the planet 's cloud tops . Images were taken of the planet and a few of its moons , although their resolution was too low to discern surface detail .The spacecraft also studied Saturn's rings, revealing the thin F-ring and the fact that dark gaps in the rings are bright when viewed at a high phase angl... | [-0.02571830339729786, -0.006163820158690214, 0.06729396432638168, 0.003617651294916868, 0.09037260711193085, -0.05235901474952698, 0.024061501026153564, 0.08491729199886322, -0.0034448252990841866, 0.06103689968585968, -0.0703016072511673, 0.04532221332192421, 0.010931149125099182, -0.021439818665385246, -0.0249294713... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
284 | . Cassini–Huygens spacecraft The Cassini–Huygens space probe entered orbit around Saturn on 1 July 2004 . In June 2004 , it conducted a close flyby of Phoebe , sending back high-resolution images and data .Cassini's flyby of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, captured radar images of large lakes and their coastlines with nu... | [-0.03394423425197601, -0.05604251101613045, 0.039242375642061234, -0.00267383037135005, 0.12159319221973419, -0.022586112841963768, 0.12073269486427307, 0.04529991373419762, -0.041549134999513626, 0.033354252576828, -0.06664150208234787, -0.002430862281471491, -0.0031342769507318735, 0.0037571676075458527, -0.02990302... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
285 | an 8,000 km ( 5,000 mi ) diameter cyclone-like storm with an eyewall at Saturn 's south pole . From 2004 to 2 November 2009 , the probe discovered and confirmed eight new satellites .In April 2013, Cassini sent back images of a hurricane at the planet's north pole 20 times larger than those found on Earth, with winds f... | [-0.008423889987170696, -0.07600130140781403, 0.04549294337630272, 0.0045466236770153046, 0.10855813324451447, -0.04386806860566139, 0.06866758316755295, 0.02688356302678585, 0.00991749670356512, 0.02953442931175232, -0.06462010741233826, 0.015045955777168274, -0.0256141759455204, -0.03681276738643646, -0.0572502613067... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
286 | , −0.55 , occurs near the time when the plane of the rings is inclined most highly , and the faintest magnitude , 1.17 , occurs around the time when they are least inclined .It takes approximately 29.4 years for the planet to complete an entire circuit of the ecliptic against the background constellations of the zodiac... | [0.024053307250142097, -0.02218809723854065, 0.02732544019818306, 0.0142115019261837, 0.035560451447963715, -0.05733233317732811, -0.05089398846030235, 0.05992725118994713, 0.10568343847990036, -0.027055971324443817, -0.03678471967577934, 0.026620276272296906, -0.01751098595559597, -0.056152667850255966, -0.00591069459... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
287 | closer to the Earth and Sun in late 2003 . From time to time , Saturn is occulted by the Moon ( that is , the Moon covers up Saturn in the sky ) .As with all the planets in the Solar System, occultations of Saturn occur in "seasons". Saturnian occultations will take place monthly for about a 12-month period, followed b... | [-0.05062304064631462, -0.04217669740319252, 0.037460293620824814, 0.05242631584405899, 0.012172053568065166, -0.029433343559503555, 0.004910243675112724, 0.04701335355639458, 0.11822010576725006, 0.014488747343420982, -0.09251513332128525, 0.04658608138561249, 0.03318505734205246, -0.010764687322080135, -0.06214349344... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
288 | Karttunen , H. ; et al . ( 2007 ) . Fundamental Astronomy ( 5th ed. ) . Springer . ISBN 978-3-540-34143-7 . Seidelmann , P. Kenneth ; et al . ( 2007 ) ."Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 98 (3): 155–180. Bibcode:2... | [-0.027652181684970856, -0.07030916213989258, 0.027188412845134735, -0.04017156362533569, -0.013319559395313263, -0.07289062440395355, -0.02893180027604103, 0.05432803928852081, 0.016595976427197456, -0.014616589993238449, -0.005055572837591171, 0.002623822772875428, -0.017162099480628967, -0.033730484545230865, -0.061... | Saturn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
289 | Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It is a gaseous cyan-coloured ice giant. Most of the planet is made of water, ammonia, and methane in a supercritical phase of matter, which astronomy calls "ice" or volatiles. The planet's atmosphere has a complex layered cloud structure and has the lowest minimum temperatur... | [0.009475287050008774, -0.03423839434981346, 0.08885592222213745, 0.01162219699472189, 0.06424972414970398, 3.803243089350872e-05, 0.006895742379128933, 0.043087124824523926, 0.012610023841261864, 0.0485781766474247, -0.12642860412597656, -0.019145671278238297, 0.03353045508265495, -0.0592331625521183, 0.03441854566335... | Uranus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
290 | known regular moons , of which 14 are small inner moons . Further out are the larger five major moons of the planet : Miranda , Ariel , Umbriel , Titania , and Oberon .Orbiting at a much greater distance from Uranus are the ten known irregular moons. The planet's magnetosphere is highly asymmetric and has many charged ... | [0.006211081985384226, -0.048723023384809494, 0.05014144256711006, 0.014127148315310478, 0.011615529656410217, -0.061436235904693604, -0.020609449595212936, 0.004142759833484888, 0.011744596995413303, 0.057124413549900055, -0.03758477792143822, 0.026134014129638672, -0.018213998526334763, -0.03165467455983162, -0.04125... | Uranus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
291 | the aid of a telescope . The discovery of Uranus also effectively doubled the size of the known Solar System because Uranus is around twice as far from the Sun as the planet Saturn .Discovery
Before its recognition as a planet, Uranus had been observed many times, but was generally misidentified as a star. It was appar... | [0.018902549520134926, -0.007830176502466202, 0.036590080708265305, -0.0092798862606287, -0.049892157316207886, -0.03763112798333168, -0.022053062915802002, 0.026794617995619774, -0.022708790376782417, 0.015349674969911575, -0.06478653103113174, 0.046267714351415634, 0.07955748587846756, -0.023880790919065475, -0.05294... | Uranus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
292 | a comet . '' On 17 March he noted : `` I looked for the Comet or Nebulous Star and found that it is a Comet , for it has changed its place . ''When he presented his discovery to the Royal Society, he continued to assert that he had found a comet, but also implicitly compared it to a planet:
The power I had on when I f... | [-0.06125926598906517, 0.02852802537381649, 0.025121549144387245, 0.0628916472196579, 0.026614513248205185, -0.06697085499763489, -0.011131498962640762, 0.08339241147041321, -0.037263646721839905, 0.053368210792541504, -0.04541769251227379, 0.026714658364653587, 0.052373774349689484, -0.07159926742315292, -9.4914110377... | Uranus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
293 | as a comet , other astronomers had already begun to suspect otherwise . Finnish-Swedish astronomer Anders Johan Lexell , working in Russia , was the first to compute the orbit of the new object .Its nearly circular orbit suggested that it was a planet rather than a comet. Berlin astronomer Johann Elert Bode described H... | [-0.03566015139222145, -0.018434910103678703, -0.023379625752568245, -0.02685397118330002, 0.002249728189781308, -0.10557446628808975, 0.039814483374357224, 0.057986028492450714, 0.01558163482695818, 0.048864271491765976, -0.09692465513944626, 0.02380775287747383, 0.046755947172641754, -0.04771855100989342, -0.02263385... | Uranus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
294 | of English and stress on the first syllable as in Latin Uranus , in contrast to yoo-RAY-nəs , with stress on the second syllable and a long a , though both are considered acceptable .Consensus on the name was not reached until almost 70 years after the planet's discovery. During the original discussions following disco... | [-0.037127431482076645, -0.04697176814079285, 0.03464074805378914, 0.010872293263673782, -0.07642067223787308, -0.08904219418764114, 0.0741010531783104, -0.02362727001309395, 0.02384931780397892, 0.0026298239827156067, -0.07265642285346985, -0.04440716654062271, 0.04334479942917824, -0.07748497277498245, -0.03490268439... | Uranus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
295 | . Swedish astronomer Erik Prosperin proposed the names Astraea , Cybele ( now the names of asteroids ) , and Neptune , which later became the name of the next planet to be discovered .Georg Lichtenberg from Göttingen also supported Astraea (as Austräa), but she is traditionally associated with Virgo instead of Taurus. ... | [-0.030224405229091644, -0.05409703776240349, 0.018341487273573875, -0.027086637914180756, -0.020730603486299515, -0.06901661306619644, 0.05031336843967438, 0.043812718242406845, -0.007833922281861305, 0.0039117587730288506, -0.07136114686727524, 0.015060024335980415, 0.020083775743842125, -0.0677742287516594, -0.09405... | Uranus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
296 | proposed by Johann Gottfried Köhler at Bode 's request in 1782 . Köhler suggested that the new planet be given the symbol for platinum , which had been described scientifically only 30 years before .As there was no alchemical symbol for platinum, he suggested ⛢ or ⛢, a combination of the planetary-metal symbols ☉ (gold... | [-0.04878097027540207, -0.07961051166057587, 0.03878899663686752, 0.045340701937675476, -0.010173187591135502, -0.04435739666223526, 0.08877906948328018, 0.04057760909199715, 0.08177554607391357, -0.03955260291695595, -0.012288127094507217, 0.017148181796073914, 0.04020657390356064, -0.017192507162690163, -0.0117495842... | Uranus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
297 | . In Mongolian , its name is Tengeriin Van ( Тэнгэрийн ван ) , translated as 'King of the Sky ' , reflecting its namesake god 's role as the ruler of the heavens .In Hawaiian, its name is Heleʻekala, the Hawaiian rendering of the name 'Herschel'. Formation
It is argued that the differences between the ice giants and th... | [-0.06027507036924362, 0.056246791034936905, 0.009852403774857521, 0.060679271817207336, 0.022242732346057892, -0.06223190948367119, 0.009894768707454205, 0.05316450446844101, 0.008132060058414936, 0.024221356958150864, -0.03231510519981384, -0.07046028226613998, -0.015964942052960396, -0.0594945065677166, 0.0311029590... | Uranus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
298 | April 2033 . Because the period is very close to 84 years , its apparent position in the stars is very close to what it was exactly 84 years earlier ( see graph ) .The retrograde motion of Uranus brings it back each year to approximately the most easterly position it had the previous year. Its average distance from the... | [0.005470664240419865, -0.02840106189250946, 0.05673012137413025, 0.015060167759656906, 0.009601910598576069, -0.05976840481162071, -0.026726366952061653, 0.06579084694385529, -0.006873948033899069, 0.0670085921883583, -0.04429929330945015, 0.0748794674873352, 0.033754799515008926, -0.033958662301301956, -0.00892986729... | Uranus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
299 | direction of rotation . At some latitudes , such as about 60 degrees south , visible features of the atmosphere move much faster , making a full rotation in as little as 14 hours .Axial tilt
The Uranian axis of rotation is approximately parallel to the plane of the Solar System, with an axial tilt that can be described... | [0.0233698021620512, -0.05426701158285141, 0.06771840900182724, -0.042321618646383286, 0.0017984774895012379, -0.030091766268014908, -0.06748876720666885, 0.00041886186227202415, 0.05953674763441086, 0.05253824591636658, -0.0038644832093268633, 0.0623532198369503, 0.01293252781033516, -0.06564711034297943, 0.0275237932... | Uranus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus.https://en.wikipedia.org... |
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