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feccc034-3305-4629-9a9b-a37eae6a9ff6 | True about ureters are all except: | Constricted at three places | It is 25cm long | Testicular vessels lie anteriorly to the ureters | It is lined by cuboidal epithelium | 3d | multi | The ureter emerges from the hilum of the kidney and runs veically downward behind the parietal peritoneum (adherent to it) on the psoas muscle, which separates it from the tips of the transverse processes of the lumbar veebrae. It enters the pelvis by crossing the bifurcation of the common iliac aery in front of the sa... | Anatomy | null |
14a5db3e-7ef7-4bd1-b24c-2d26d508b5bf | Which of the following muscle is not supplied b the anterior branch of mandibular nerve | Temporalis | Medial pterygoid | Masseter | Lateral pterygoid | 1b | single | The other 3 are supplied by the anterior branch while the medial pterygoid is applied by the main trunk. | Anatomy | null |
0d744042-0192-4b92-9ab2-41009a218ccd | Appropriate approach for thyroidectomy to remove thyroid carcinoma with retrosternal extension is | Cervical | Thorasic | Combined cervical and thoracic | Thoracoscopic | 2c | single | Surgical removal of retrosternal thyroid is done. Commonly, it can be removed through an incision in neck(as blood supply of retrosternal goitre is from neck), but in case of large retrosternal extension or in malignant type median sternotomy is required. Reference: SRB's Manual of Surgery, 6th Edition, page no= 458. | Surgery | Endocrinology and breast |
081c1946-d513-40dd-bea2-1e68d16da82a | Which one of the following procedures is most likely to increase intraocular pressure of glaucoma patient –a) Use of atropineb) Decreased pressure in jugular veinc) High dose of vitamin Cd) Dark environmente) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. | b | c | ad | ab | 2c | single | Any factor which dilates the pupil will precipitate the attack of acute congestive glaucoma. Such factors are dim light (watching a film in a cinema), and mydriatic drugs (atropine, tropicamide, cyclopentolate, phenylephrine).
Dilatation of the pupil increases the amount of apposition between iris and anteriorly placed... | Ophthalmology | null |
ccb9ab8b-7bae-4fcf-ab8f-58c8c3b1f3f3 | Acute Fatty liver of pregnancy, true is | Is most common cause of acute liver failure during pregnancy | Manifests in early week of pregnancy | Hepatic dysfunction persists postpartum | Some develop transient diabetes mellitus in post partum period. | 0a | multi | Acute fatty liver of pregnancy manifests late in pregnancy.
It resolves in post partum. some might develop transient diabetes insipidus in post partum period. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
481d7f07-83ba-4ccb-82d0-4827cb62c9f3 | A 45 year old man presents with hematuria. Renal biopsy demonstrates a focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis with crescent formation. The patient gives history of intermittent hemoptysis and intermittent chest pain of moderate intensity. A previous chest X-ray had demonstrated 90 multiple opacities, some of which were c... | Aspergillosis | Polyaeritis nodosa | Renal carcinoma metastatic to lung | Wegener's granulomatosis | 3d | single | The patient has involvement of: Upper respiratory tract= chronic cold symptoms suggestive of sinusitis Lower respiratory tract = intermittent hemoptysis due to bilateral lung cavitation Kidney involvement= Hematuria with necrotizing vasculitis. Diagnosis goes in or of granulomatosis with angitis (Wegener's Granulomatos... | Medicine | Vasculitis |
a970b41b-b198-44b3-a677-9e56d08d7218 | Which of the following is associated with cystic hygroma | Down's syndrome | Marfans syndrome | Turner's syndrome | Cushing's syndrome | 2c | single | Cystic Hygroma Cystic Hygroma are multiloculated cystic spaces lined by endothelial cells It results due to sequestration of a poion of jugular lymph sac from the lymphatic system Cysts are filled with clear lymph and are lined by endothelium Turner's syndrome is associated with cystic Hygroma Most cystic Hygroma invol... | Anatomy | Head and neck |
9cb4260d-fa2a-47a0-a6de-32b549156764 | Posterior communicating aery connects | Two posterior cerebral aeries | Posterior cerebral aery with middle cerebral aery | Posterior cerebral aery with internal carotid aery | Anterior cerebral aery with middle cerebral aery | 2c | single | Posterior communicating aery connects the internal carotid aery with posterior cerebral aery.(Ref: Vishram Singh textbook of clinical neuroanatomy second edition pg 172) | Anatomy | Brain |
d09e1827-71d2-4130-b24a-c14a5b5ad358 | Medical management of insulinoma is | Octreotide | Streptozotocin | Diazoxide | Somatomedin | 2c | single | Medical management is reserved only for patients who are unable or unwilling to undergo surgical treatment or for unresectable metastatic disease. Diazoxide suppresses insulin secretion by direct action on the beta cells and offers reasonably good control of hypoglycaemia in approximately 50%.Ref: Bailey and Love 27e p... | Surgery | Endocrinology and breast |
d80d86a9-8cc2-4e22-94b3-df3d239a4250 | A man on return from a country complains of pain in abdomen, jaundice, with increased alkaline phosphatase and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. USG shows blockage in the biliary tree. What could be the cause? | Fasciola buski | Clonorchis sinensis | Strongyloides | Ancylostoma | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Clonorchis sinesis(Ref: Harrison, 18th/e, p. 1757, 1758; 19th/e, p. 1498; Chatterjee, 12th/e, p. 136)* Among the given option only Clonorchis sinensis is a liver fluke which can cause hepatic dysfunction with jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia. | Microbiology | Parasitology |
6709b570-2e48-4788-ad3b-c453861ea9f7 | Direct disease transmission (man to man) is NOT seen in | Malaria | Influenza | Hepatitis | Impetigo | 0a | single | (Malaria): (93- 237 - Park 22nd/ edition)Direct transmission* STD and AIDS, leprosy, leptospirosis, skin and eye infections* Droplet infection includes - many respiratory infections, eruptive fevers, many infections of the nervous system, common cold, diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis, meningococcal meningitis* ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable Diseases |
50ead874-f38b-438d-a320-d24af41671b5 | Neurofibrillary tangles are associated with:March 2007 | Bipolar disorder | Alzheimer's disease | Schizophrenia | Multiple infarctions | 1b | single | Ans. B: Alzheimer's DiseaseNeurofibrillary tangles were first described by Alois Alzheimer in one of his patients suffering from the disorder now referred to as Alzheimer's disease.Neurofibrillary tangles are pathological protein aggregates found within neurons in cases of Alzheimer's disease. Tangles are formed by hyp... | Psychiatry | null |
2e4d3525-73a4-4152-afd7-4bf0fdc8c531 | Not a personality trait ? | Sensation seeking | Neuroticism | Open to experience | Problem solving | 3d | single | D i.e. Problem solvingAccording to five factor model (DSM-IV), there five basic personality traits are: neuroticism, extraversion (excitement/ novelty / sensation seeking), agreeableness, openness (to experience) and conscientiousnessQ.Personality Traits : Temprament & CharacterPersonality is the dynamic (constantly ch... | Psychiatry | null |
2c824394-1951-4d51-a1c1-44745e5a6287 | The definitive diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is - | Serological test | Chest X-ray | Finding cysts in tissue specimens | ) CT scan of thorax | 2c | single | Its life cycle begins when cysts rupture and release sporozoites, which mature into trophozoites that eventually form cysts. The diagnostic methods for P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) have progressed from open lung biopsy to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and induced sputum analysis . Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1056 | Medicine | Infection |
aec8df9f-92c5-42a5-a0a4-7c2e7f4b02b9 | A 40-year-old man underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2 years earlier. He remains asymptomatic until 1 week before admission, when he complains of RUQ pain and jaundice. He develops a fever and has several rigor attacks on the day of admission. An ultrasound confirms the presence of gallstones in the distal CBD. The... | Should be discharged home under observation | Should be observed in the hospital | Undergo surgical exploration of the CBD | ERCP with sphincterotomy and stone removal | 3d | multi | The patient described has the features of Charcot's triad-jaundice, abdominal pain, and rigors, which indicates the presence of ascending cholangitis in a patient with obstructive jaundice. The patient should be treated with broad spectrum IV antibiotics and undergo ERCP, sphincterotomy, and stone extraction. If this f... | Surgery | Pancreas |
2d776f11-383d-4a76-9edc-5f6c7c050a1a | Bart hemoglobin is a tetramer of | γ globin | β globin | α globin | δ globin | 0a | single | Bart Hb is a tetramer of excess γ globin. | Medicine | null |
a2111127-8d4b-4e3b-869e-f65ec9685a5f | All the following Is found in Sjogren syndrome except- | Lymphoma | Connective tissue disorder | Xerostomia | Xerophthalmia | 3d | multi | Ref - Davidsons 23e p1039 | Medicine | Immune system |
bb4f7d51-4e48-45b6-b55d-f65c837eb20f | Time period between entry of organism to body to maximum infectivity is - | Lead time | Median incubation period | Generation time | Serial inverval | 2c | single | Ans is 'c' i.e., Generation time * Generation time - Period from receipt of infection to maximal infectivity.* Serial interval - Gap between onset of primary case and secondary case. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
35f189a8-d113-42c6-a877-9e24e5525d20 | True regarding indirect inguinal hernia are all except: | Most common type of hernia | Always unilateral | Inguinal herniotomy is the basic operation | Transillumination distinguishes it from hydrocele | 1b | multi | Ans. (b) Always unilateral* In adults- 12 % cases are bilateral hernias* Transillumination is positive in hydrocele and negative in Hernia | Surgery | Hernia |
8a9ed44f-e2fe-4ff7-bb06-2d9d0e558357 | All of the following are immune complex diseases except- | Serum sickness | Farmer's lungs | SLE | Graft rejection | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Graft rejectionGraft rejection is Type IV hypersensitivity | Pathology | null |
13a1c69b-6764-432e-8bed-0e37068cafc3 | In Herpes-Zoster keratitis, all of the following occurs except: | Pseudodendritic keratitis | Anterior stromal invasion | Sclerokeratitis | Endotheelitis | 2c | multi | Ans. c. Sclerokeratitis (Ref: Kansk is 7/ep 187-91; Yanoff 3/ep. 222-24)Herpes Zoster ophthalmicus commonly causes acute epithelial keratitis [i.e. punctuate epithelial keratitis (in 50%) and pseudo dendritic keratitis (50%)}, nummular (anterior stromal) keratitis (40%) disciform (deep stromal) keratitis or endotheliti... | Ophthalmology | Inflammations of the Cornea |
dd030924-5129-4540-8608-d19992b13a16 | A 50 year old male patient complains of pain in back and legs. On routine investigations, it is found that he is anemic and his ESR is also raised. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis for this patient? | Sickle cell anemia | Polycythemia | Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia | Multiple myeloma | 3d | single | Clinical findings stem mainly from:
The effects of plasma cells on the skeleton.
The production of excessive immunoglobulins, which often have abnormal physicochemical properties.
The suppression of humoral immunity.
Bone resorption often leads to pathologic fractures and chronic pain. The attendant hypercalcemia can... | Pathology | null |
918535ca-03c1-4083-bc85-7bb820c8631f | Which of the following is beneficial in NSAID induced gastric ulcer - | PGE1 agonist | PGE2 agonist | PGD agonist | PGF2 agonist | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., PGE1 agonist o The primary use of PGE I analogue (Misoprostol) is prevention and treatment of NSAIDs induced peptic ulcer. | Pharmacology | null |
4be53a36-e8e0-46b8-b28f-dee98e2eb584 | Time for peak plasma concentration (Tmax) indicates: | The rate of elimination | The rate of absorption | The onset of effect | The intensity of effect | 1b | single | Ans. B. The rate of absorptiona. Tmax is the time to reach maximum concentration. It depends on rate of absorptionb. Cmax is the maximum concentration achieved in plasmac. AUC is the area under concentration -time graph. It gives the bioavailability of a drug | Pharmacology | Pharmacokinetics |
3e642538-fb34-46d8-b6d9-13bf308d1d0c | Lowest concentration of anaesthetic agent in alveoli needed to produce immobility in response to painful stimulus in 50% of individual is termed as – | Minimum alveolar concentration | Minimal analgesic concentration | Minimal anaesthetic concentration | Maximum alveolar concentration | 0a | single | MAC is the lowest concentration of the anaesthetic in pulmonary alveoli needed to produce immobility in response to a painful stimulus (surgical incision) in 50% individuals. | Anaesthesia | null |
cd580d6e-9b5f-4a7b-804b-c99ac436efb1 | Increased level of IgE seen in: | Atopy | Lepra reaction | Cutaneous TB | Lupus vulgaris | 0a | single | Atopy | Skin | null |
9585c8d8-117d-4f3b-9808-9c67005b1134 | Which of the following pencil is used to trace a cephalogram? | 2H | 4H | 7H | 5H | 2c | single | The following armamentarium is required for a good tracing to be performed:
An X-ray illuminator/mounted on a tracing table with soft light. The tracing table should be mounted in a room with minimal brightness. The tracing table should also have a control switch for controlling the intensity of light.
Tracing paper o... | Dental | null |
93b0378b-bdc7-44a9-becd-00ce038cc72e | In acute congestive glaucoma, pupil is - | Oval and horizontal | Oval and veical | Circular | Slite like | 1b | single | Pupil is semi dilated veically oval and fixed. It is non-reactive to both light and accomodation. Ref: Comprehensive Ophthalmology AK Khurana 6th edition chapter-10 page no: 245 | Ophthalmology | Glaucoma |
3e08c8b9-6eee-4e67-8736-920d3561ad2c | A patient with long-standing, moderately severe anemia dies in an automobile accident. He was driving, and an autopsy is performed to determine the cause of death. Which of the following cardiac changes will MOST likely be seen when the hea is examined? | Endocarditis | Fatty change of myocytes | Fibrinous pericarditis | Fibrosis of valve leaflets | 1b | single | Chronic anemia is not simply a disease of the blood. Other changes that can occur with long-standing, moderately severe anemia include skin atrophy and koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails, paicularly in iron-deficiency anemia). Fatty change of cardiac myocytes, renal proximal convoluted tubule cells, and centrilobular hepa... | Pathology | null |
39fbfd57-438a-4da6-a37b-d4e9c6699716 | What is the narrowest pa of the respiratory tract in children? | Glottis | Subglottic area | Trachea | Carina | 1b | single | The narrowest pa of the adult airway is the vocal cords In children, the narrowest pa is the cricoid cailage located in the subglottic area of the larynx. Ref: Internet | Surgery | Head and neck |
1f977974-1f8c-42f1-8473-16f6d24dbf45 | Steady state concentration of a drug is achieved in:- | 2-3 half lives | 3-4 half lives | 4-5 half lives | 5-6 half lives | 2c | single | STEADY STATE - If fixed dose of a drug is administered after regular intervals, its plasma concentration stas increasing. - However, as plasma concentration rises, rate of elimination also stas increasing. When rate of administration becomes equal to rate of elimination, plasma concentration stabilizes. This is called ... | Pharmacology | Pharmacokinetics |
4751aa6f-f229-4e0e-9c5a-6d3089dfd11d | Type IV hypersensitivity is - | Ig E mediated | Immune complex mediated | Cell mediated | Antibody mediated | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cell mediated Cell mediated (Type IV) hypersensitivity o It is initiated by activated T-lymphocytes. o It includes Delayed type hypersensitivity - mediated by CD-4 T cells. T-cell mediated cytotoxicity - mediated by CD8- T cells. 1. Delayed type hypersensitivity In delayed hypersensitivity reactions, ... | Pathology | null |
3237cac7-65d9-4859-b5b6-1ca98694ddd1 | The approximate no of genes contained in human genome | A. 40,000 | B. 30,000 | C. 80,000 | D. 1,00,000 | 1b | single | Humans have a mere 30,000 genes rather than the 100000 predicted only recently . Recent ribbons mention the no of genes 20,000 to 25,000 Ribbons 7th/219 | Anatomy | General anatomy |
93158a06-2a01-4b81-9fb8-38f553a26e5c | This sign is indicative of: | Wet drowning | Dry drowning | Postmortem immersion | Hydrocution | 0a | single | Ans. (A). Wet drowningThe photograph shows profuse froth over mouth & nostrils, indicative of wet drowning.Froth in drowning is an antemortemQ feature of wet drowning.Froth is absent in hydrocution, dry drowning & postmortem drowning. | Forensic Medicine | Asphyxial Deaths |
503b2877-c4fe-4e2c-bbff-5083bf2ccec1 | The decrease in plasma osmotic pressure is the cause of edema in? | CHF | DVT | Nephrotic syndrome | None | 2c | multi | • Following conditions can cause edema :-
1) The increased hydrostatic pressure of capillaries : It causes an increase in outward driving force. It may be due to impaired venous return e.g. in CHF or DVT.
2) Decreased plasma osmotic pressure of capillaries: It causes decreases in inward driving force. It results from H... | Pathology | null |
f74a79c3-82b5-4339-a77f-3ca8d3f59ba0 | A child with decreased levels of LH, FSH and Testosterone presents with delayed pubey. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis: | Klinfelter's syndrome | Kallman's syndrome | Androgen Insensitivity syndrome | Testicular Infection | 1b | multi | - Among the given options, only Kallman syndrome is a cause of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, where LH, FSH, as well as testosterone levels will be low. - Associated with impaired sensation of smell - Remaining all options given, presents with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism | Pediatrics | Disorders of Pubey |
36b1e3a9-5596-4992-8729-3b39ac3fd97b | HLA B27 is positive in | Ankylosing spondylitis | Rheumatoid ahritis | SLE | Behcet syndrome | 0a | single | Ref Robbins 8/e p193; Harrison 17/e p2051 ;9/e p215 The HLA complex, which is located on the sho arm of human chromosome 6, contains sequences encoding about 100 genes, most involved in the regulation of the immune response. HLA genes are classically grouped into three major classes. | Anatomy | General anatomy |
64904449-12d5-46c5-8a8a-1e67d65021a4 | Cell matrix adhesion are mediated by | Cadherins | Integrins | Selectins | Calmodulin | 1b | single | ref, Robbins 8/e p96;9/ep24 The cell adhesion molecules are classified into four main families: Immunoglbulin family CAMs Cadherins Selectins | Anatomy | General anatomy |
0204577a-c71b-4f43-99d4-b14b65c2f880 | The most cost-effective mode of intervention for prevention of disease is: | Health education | Environmental modifications | Nutritional interventions | Lifestyle and behavioral changes | 0a | single | Health education is one of the most cost- effective interventions. A large number of diseases could be prevented if people were adequately informed & if they were encouraged to take necessary precautions in time. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Levels of Prevention of Disease |
e1f30882-a0fa-4b1f-860d-144ddd63cacf | Golf ball inclusion bodies in RBCs are seen in? | Normal reticulocytes | HbH disease | Pernicious anaemia | G6PD deficiency | 1b | multi | Golf ball inclusion bodies are known as HbH bodies and are seen in alpha thalassemia. The peripheral smear stained with supravital stain brilliant cresyl blue shows multiple inclusions in an evenly distributed panel. Reticulocytes are differentiated from these RBCs with inclusions as they have uneven reticulin deposits... | Medicine | Thalassemia |
dc37a7de-b62d-4bd7-ac82-59d608feae72 | Large and most impoant branch of the posterior tibial aery is | Circumflex fibular aery | Peroneal aery | Medial plantar aery | Lateral plantar aery | 1b | single | Peroneal aery is the largest branch of the posterior tibial aery. It supplies the posterior and lateral compaments of the legOther branches of the posterior tibial aery are:circumflex fibular aerymedial plantar aerylateral plantar aeryRef: Vishram Singh; Volume II; 2nd edition; Page no: 416 | Anatomy | Lower limb |
1786cb24-91dd-4677-b34b-dff80bf24fbe | Virus causing IMN have which feature | Double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus | Double-stranded, non enveloped DNA virus | Single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus | Single-stranded, non enveloped DNA virus | 0a | single | EBV is an enveloped, ds DNA containing virus belonging to herpes group of viruses | Pathology | All India exam |
8113244a-81f8-401e-96bd-cfe11467949e | A patient presents with sensory loss on adjacent sides of the great and second toes and impaired dorsiflexion of the foot. These signs probably indicate damage to which of the following nerves? | Superficial peroneal | Tibial nerve | Deep peroneal | Sural | 2c | single | The deep peroneal nerve supplies the anterior muscles of the leg, including the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus teius muscles, which dorsiflex the foot. The medial branch of the deep peroneal nerve supplies the skin of adjacent sides of the great and second toes, whe... | Anatomy | Nerves of Lower Limb |
7dcb334a-45f3-4258-aafc-afb323d590eb | In dermatomyositis which is not seen | Salmon patch | Gottron's papules | Peringual telangiectasia | Mechanic finger | 0a | single | *DM is a distinct entity identified by a characteristic rash accompanying or more often preceding muscle weakness. this includes heliotrope rash ,erythema of knuckles with a raised violaceous scaly eruption(Gottron's sign). *Dilated capillary loops at the base of fingernails are also characterised *Palma areas of finge... | Medicine | C.N.S |
96b98e6e-6e94-4fe8-b85b-6bd206c691ba | All are true about light curing composites except: | Intensity of LED is more than QTH light | Conventional composite can be used in deep cavities | Plasma arc light can be used in deeper area for better curing | None | 0a | multi | Light activation in visible light curing ranges between 460 and 470 nm wavelength. On activation, photoinitiator (camphorquinone) combines with amine accelerator and releases free radicals which start the polymerization. Different types of lights used in curing are:
Tungsten-quartz halogen (QTH) curing unit
Plasma arc... | Dental | null |
a94187fc-3135-4989-9cc3-e6d5bbce3044 | In a 5-year-old child with mandibular fracture, on a follow up recall after 2 months, what should be done to check the bone healing: | OPG at every 2 month till one year | NCCT | Single contrast CT | Clinical examination adequate | 3d | multi | Clinically stable and symmetric bone, with a normal occlusion and a pain free chewing is indication enough for a completed bone healing in a child. | Surgery | null |
1f1a175d-fff1-4eb4-b2d4-66986efa0b94 | A patient met with a A with paralysis of both upper and lower limb. Patient has not passed urine and tenderness elicited in the cervical region. What will you advise? | The doctor should order a cervical x-ray and shift the patient from the trolley by himself | The patient should not be shifted and poable x-ray machine should be used after neck stabilization | The doctor will instruct the radiographer to take cervical and chest x-ray | The doctor will instruct the radiographer to take cervical x-ray AP and lateral view without any cervical suppo | 1b | multi | In a trauma patient, cervical stabilization is the first step in management along with airway. A cross table lateral cervical spine x- ray is considered in the same trolley itself without shifting the patient. A surgeon should accompany the patient if needed, so that patient can be transferred immediately to OT if any ... | Surgery | Trauma |
fa4780a6-7299-4ee0-b660-ab5a4e89ba7d | In which of the following conditions Downey cells can be seen ? | Small lymphocytic Lymphoma | Acute myeloid leukemia | Infectious mononucleosis | Multiple myeloma | 2c | multi | Atypical lymphocytes also known as Downey cells after Hal Downey, who contributed to the characterization of it. These are lymphocytes that become large due to antigen stimulation. The nucleus could be elliptic, round, indented, cleft or folded and it may contain nucleolus ,with abundant cytoplasm which is basophilic V... | Pathology | Hematology |
476ba5f9-b481-4826-854d-fbf1f5b6122f | The patient whose hands are developmentally delayed with a short, stocky build. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | achondroplastic dwarf | Down syndrome | Klinefelter's syndrome | pseudohypoparathyroidism | 3d | multi | (d) Source: (Felig, pp. 1143-1145)The deformity of the hands is due to short metacarpals. Other deformities include short metatarsals, round facies, and thickening of the calvarium. The syndrome is caused by target organ unresponsiveness to PTH, and was the first hormone resistance syndrome described. | Medicine | Endocrinology |
f5857d29-73d4-48f1-9b2d-06a84869c115 | A 31-year-old man is on a scuba diving trip and descends to a depth of 50 m in the Blue Hole off the coast of Belize. After 30 minutes, he has a malfunction in his equipment and quickly returns to the boat on the surface. He develops difficulty breathing within 5 minutes, with dyspnea and substernal chest pain, followe... | Fat globules | Fibrin clots | Nitrogen gas bubbles | Platelet thrombi | 2c | single | These findings are characteristic of decompression sickness (the bends), a form of air embolism. At high pressures, such as occur during a deep scuba dive, nitrogen is dissolved in blood and tissues in large amounts. Ascending too quickly does not allow for slow release of the gas, and formation of small gas bubbles ca... | Pathology | Hemodynamics |
50fd5fa6-6f2f-4259-8732-5dce490afdf9 | Structure not passing through carpal tunnel ? | Ulnar nerve | Median nerve | Tendons of FDP | Tendons of FDS | 0a | single | Ans. is 'A' i.e., Ulnar nerve Ten structures pass through the carpal tunnel, most of them flexor tendons(not the muscles themselves): flexor digitorum profundus (four tendons) flexor digitorum superficialis (four tendons) flexor pollicis longus (one tendon) Median nerve between tendons of flexor digitorum profundus and... | Anatomy | null |
5201d921-3ac6-447b-a1ac-c88ba28787a8 | Which of the following is not a single gene disorder? | HOCM | DCM | MVP | Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia | 2c | single | Ans: C (MVP) Ref: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th edition, pg: 1304 Explanation:Single Gene DisorderDue to a single mutated gene.They usually follow Mendelian Principle of Inheritance.Autosomal Dominant and recessive.X linked dominant and recessive.Y linked.Mitochondrial inheritance."In 20% to 50% of cases, DC... | Pathology | Mendelian Disorders: Single-Gene Defects |
dc9d0bba-bead-4112-8129-ed5d85bb0aad | Which of the following is not a cause for interstitial keratitis | Syphillis | Leprosy | Tuberculosis | Pneumococcus | 3d | single | Pneumococcus Interstitial keratitis Corneal stromal inflammation without epithelial involvement. Infective causes are: *Syphillis * TB * Leprosy *Acanthamoeba | Ophthalmology | Diseases of Cornea |
d6bb3a72-622f-47fa-a7d8-dd439dae5b27 | A 40-year-old man is injured in a car accident and fractures his left elbow. He now complains of numbness of his fourth and fifth fingers, and weakness in his hand grip. Neurologic findings confirm weakness of handgrip with weakness of finger abduction and adduction, and decreased sensation over the fifth finger and la... | ulnar nerve injury | radial nerve injury | median nerve injury | carpal tunnel syndrome | 0a | single | Injury to the ulnar nerve results in impaired adduction and abduction of the fingers. The nerve is commonly injured in elbow dislocations and fractures. The fibers arise from the eighth cervical and the first thoracic segments. The ulnar is a mixed nerve with sensory supply to the medial hand. | Medicine | C.N.S. |
c8db3e4e-0a57-4595-aded-0f2ab43bfd79 | Ureterovaginal fistula should best be treated by- | Ureteroneocystostomy | End-to-end anastomosis through an ureteric catheter | Implantation into colon | Ileal conduit | 0a | single | In case of ureteric transection ,paial or complete,a pyelography fails to show pa or whole of the ureter on the transected site and there may be pooling of dye in the peritoneal cavity. The immediate treatment is percutaneous nephrostomy and retrograde dye injection under fluoroscopy to help identify the site of transe... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Urogynecology |
52e9c7b0-7e8f-48e6-a149-c5d918d52c66 | Which of the following drugs can cause hypotension by the release of histamine from mast cells? | Aspirin | Procaine | Morphine | Sulfadiazine | 2c | single | Basic drugs like morphine, d-TC and amphotericin B etc act as histamine liberators and can cause acute reaction leading to itching and hypotension. | Pharmacology | null |
bf3b8ecb-853e-42e0-b46f-3e749355bc01 | Cattle's maneuver is mobilization of: | Sigmoid colon | Descending colon | Small bowel | Cecum and descending colon | 3d | multi | Ans. (d) Cecum and ascending colonCattell maneuver- Right visceral rotation medially:* Mobilization of ascending colon and cecum towards medial side* Provides excellent exposure of vena cava(Combined with Kocher's maneuver), right renal vessels and iliac veins* Used in cases of IVC, left renal vessels, left ureter inju... | Surgery | Small & Large Intestine |
ac03c0e3-f0e7-4eb9-a953-eccb2fd9d5be | Earliest symptoms showing improvement from the classical triad of Wernicke's encephalopathy to thiamine therapy is: | Ataxia | Ophthalmoplegia | Confusion | All improve simultaneously | 1b | multi | Wernicke's encephalopathy - Long term use of alcohol lead to thiamine deficiency . Wernicke encephalopathy, caused by vitamin B1 deficiency, is not diagnosed in about 80% of cases. Classical triad Global confusion Ophthalmoplegia - m/c/c 6th nerve palsy Ataxias After thiamine therapy 1st one to improve is ophthalmopleg... | Psychiatry | Substance Related and Addictive Disorders |
ccf45ea1-1479-41c5-b634-7a8fcb02594b | Drugs prescribed by registered medical practitioners mostly fall under which class of drugs? | Schedule X | Schedule S | Schedule H | Schedule P | 2c | multi | Ans. c. Schedule H (Ref: Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945)Schedule II is a class of prescription drugs in India appearing as an appendix to the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 introduced in 1945. These are drugs, which cannot be purchased over the counter without the prescription of a qualified doctor.The Drugs and Cosm... | Pharmacology | Clinical Trials |
5017a284-122a-409e-9c5b-7dc8bddd6788 | Standard treatment of verrucous carcinoma of lip: | Surgery & radiotherapy | Surgical excision | Laser therapy | Interferon | 1b | single | The standard treatment of verrucous carcinoma is careful surgical excision. | Surgery | null |
92a00913-7e58-4dcf-99dd-a6d93a191e29 | Which of the following is not a MAO-B inhibitor? | Safinamide | Selegiline | Rasagiline | Cariprazine | 3d | single | Ans. D. Cariprazinea. Safinamide is the latest MAO-B inhibitor for Parkinson's disease. Unlike the previous two, it is a reversible MAO- B inhibitor. Safinamide also has other actions including inhibition of glutamate release and dopamine and serotonin reuptake. It is used as an add-on drug to Levodopa therapy for redu... | Pharmacology | C.N.S |
c2c60fd4-2d3d-489d-97ce-0f0246e054f8 | Furosemide causes all except - | Hyperuricemia | Ototoxicity | Hypercalcemia | Hypokalemia | 2c | multi | Ans. is `C' i.e., Hypercalcemia Coniolications of high ceiling (furosamidel diuretics o Hypokalemia (M. C) o Hyperuricemia o GI disturbances o Acute saline depletion o Hypocalcemia o Mental disturbances o Dilutional hyponatremia o Hyperglycemia o Allergic manifestations o Alkolosis o Hyperlipidemia o Hearing loss (otot... | Pharmacology | null |
507087b4-4908-4633-a10e-5943cd2eee8a | Host receptor for streptococcus pyogenes is? | CD4 | CD21 | CD44 | CD46 | 3d | single | Ans. (d) CD46(Ref: Wintrobes I2th/pg 2523)CD46 (Complement Membrane Cofactor Protein): It is a receptor to a number of pathogens, such as herpes virus 6, M protein of group A streptococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Escherichia coli. | Pathology | Misc. (W.B.C) |
ca917f3c-0d59-4ac5-8426-ac9c9d0c95e5 | Chronic diarrhea results in the following acid base imbalance | Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis | Metabolic alkalosis | Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis | Respiratory acidosis | 0a | single | (A) Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis # Causes of Non-Anion-Gap Acidosis# Gastrointestinal bicarbonate loss> Diarrhea> External pancreatic or small-bowel drainage> Ureterosigmoidostomy, jejunal loop, ileal loop> Drugs1 Calcium chloride (acidifying agent)2. Magnesium sulfate (diarrhea)3. Cholestyramine (bile acid diar... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
cdc933fb-e826-4cc0-9c46-019a4ef5deae | Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia is seen in: | All | AML | CML | CLL | 3d | multi | About 15% of patients develop autoantibodies ( IgG )against their own red cells or platelets which leads to autoimmune hemolytic anemia. | Pathology | Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
7f56f120-7ea2-4701-91a8-ebcacede19f7 | Sputum positive patient who should be quarantined: | Pregnant women | Old people | Children above 6 years | Children below 6 years | 3d | multi | Ans. (d) Children below 6 yearsRef: K. Park 23rd ed. /182-84* About national TB program, if a person is smear positive for TB:# All the family who is in close contact with the patient is given prophylaxis# Children under age 6 is given prophylaxisNote: India's Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) rec... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Tuberculosis |
e603a274-fe0f-49db-9e91-9f3273a90160 | Which teratogen causes deafness? | Isotretinoin | Chloroquine | Alcohol | Warfarin | 0a | single | Teratogenic drugs which cause deafness-. Tetracycline, minocycline, erythromycin,lsotretinoin, alcohol, phenytoin, thalidomide ESSENTIALS of MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY SEVENTH EDITION -K D TRIPATHI Page:854 <a href=" | Pharmacology | Other topics and Adverse effects |
52944542-ed07-4797-838b-8e8d9e0a2609 | Which of the following drug is not used in detrussor instability: | Solefenacin. | Flavoxate. | Duloxetine. | Tolterodine. | 2c | single | Duloxetine is an SSRI used for treatment of depression | Pharmacology | null |
993a9511-38e8-4338-8145-e5e70c2ecd9a | Maximum chances of nasal perforation during palatal torus removal can be encountered while working with | Rongeurs | Burs | Chisel | All of the above | 2c | multi | The palatal torus should be excised with the help of burs and rongeurs by splitting into small segments. Nasal perforation occurs only when the torus palatinus is excised enmass with the help of chisel. | Surgery | null |
1f6b08ff-5272-4d56-8086-41dd83a78708 | Triangle of doom is associated with | Laparoscopic Nissen's Fundoplication | Laparoscopic hernia surgery | Endoscopic thyroidectomy | Thoracoscopic thymectomy | 1b | single | Ans. (b) Laparoscopic hernia surgeryRef Palanivel Laparosopic Surgery* The following triangles are related to Laparoscopic hernia repair:# Triangle of Doom# Triangle of Pain | Surgery | Hernia |
05527c61-e02d-46d0-b188-5ecaccf14781 | Cause of Dupuytren's contracture is - | DM | Alcohol | Smoking | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above o Dupuytren's contracture is characterized in the established phase by flexion contracture of one or more fingers from thickening and shortening of palmar aponeurosis.o The exact etioloev is unknow: However, the condition is more commonlv associated with following conditionsi) Epilept... | Orthopaedics | Disorders of the Hand |
2ace5bf8-3b89-4595-b635-5b6b8b561666 | Treponema pallidum was discovered by ? Robe Koch | Robe Koch | Two | Schaudinn and Hoffman | Ellennan | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Schaudinn and Hoffman Bacteria Discovered by Lepra bacillus (M. Leprae) Hansen (1874) Gonococcus Neisser (1879) Staphylococcus Ogston (1881) Diphtheria bacillus (C. Diphtheria) Loeffler (1884) Tetanus bacillus (C. Tetani) Nicolaier (1884) Pneumococcus Fraenkel (1886) Causative organism for Malta fever... | Microbiology | null |
6aa33e46-aa92-4c04-ab60-c9c2bcf24b2f | Daily physical activity/exercise is which type of prevention ? | Primordial | Primary | Secondary | Teiary | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Primary Life style & behavioral changes, e.g. doing exercise is health promotion, a type of primary | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
f9699360-8d93-45e2-9bcf-5328f354190d | Gas stored in liquid form is | Carbon dioxide | Nitrous oxide | Cyclopropane | Oxygen | 1b | single | N20 is stored in blue steel cylinders as a colorless liquid under 745 psi pressure and is in equilibrium with the gas phase (approximately 50 atmospheres at room temperature). The tank maintains that pressure until it is empty. | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia |
e4fd9dc3-9462-4736-9ec5-c58ed6da8daa | Protein requirement of an adult is | 0.7 gm/kg in terms of Egg protein & 0.7 gm/kg in terms of mixed vegetable protein | 1.0 gm/kg in terms of Egg protein & 1.0 gm/kg in terms of mixed vegetable protein | 0.7 gm/kg in terms of Egg protein & 1.0 gm/kg in terms of mixed vegetable protein | 1.0 gm/kg in terms of Egg protein & 0.7 gm/kg in terms of mixed vegetable protein | 2c | single | Protein requirement of an adult:
0.7 gm/kg/day in terms of Egg protein or
1.0 gm/kg/day in terms of mixed vegetable protein (NEW GUIDELINE: 0.83 g/kg/d)
Egg protein has the highest NPU of 96.
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has recommended 1.0 gm protein per kg of body weight for an Indian adult, assuming a... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
f2d0a136-62ae-4e61-b67e-c27ca2f44845 | Fallen fragment sign is characteristic of: | Aneurysmal bone cyst | Simple bone cyst | Giant cell tumor | Ewing's sarcoma | 1b | multi | Ans. B. Simple bone cystSolitary Bone Cyst is also called a simple or unicameral bone cyst and affects children in the first and second decade. They arise in the metaphyses and are central or medullary. The proximal humerus and proximal femur are common sites. An SBC contains serous or serosanguinous fluid. They are se... | Orthopaedics | Bone Tumour |
2ddd69ca-1705-4996-9a04-8b58922fa65c | A four year old female presents to the emergency room with fever and a petechial rash. A sepsis workup is performed, and parenteral antibiotics are administered. Gram-negative diplococci are identified in the CSF. Which of the following is true of this condition? | Antibiotic prophylaxis of fellow daycare attendees is not necessary | The presence of meningitis decreases the survival rate | The most common neurologic residual is seizures | Shock is the usual cause of death, which most often occurs within 48 hours of hospitalization | 3d | multi | Meningococcemia is a fulminant systemic rapidly progressing infection, which results in shock and is followed by death in 20% of children afflicted. The presence of meningitis has been shown to increase the survival rate to approximately 95%. Sensorineural deafness is the most common residual following bacterial mening... | Medicine | null |
33f71a6b-66df-441e-b0b5-a343295c889b | Rossette shaped arrangement of Cells are seen in: | Thecoma ovary | Ependymoma | Neurofibroma | Lymphoma | 1b | single | Ependymoma | Pathology | null |
97d5c021-87dc-440c-8058-06196cb94612 | True about wound healing : | Infected wound heal by primary intention | Scar is least in secondary intention | Wound contraction is found in healing by secondary intention | More intense famantory response in primary intention | 2c | multi | Classification of wound closure and healing Primary Intention Wound edges opposed Normal healing Minimal scar Secondary Intention Wound left open Heals by granulation, contraction, and epithelialization Increased inflammation and proliferation Poor scar Teiary intention (also called delayed primary intention) Wound ini... | Surgery | General surgery |
36a705d5-abd8-4634-b391-afeb0ac83cb6 | Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) | Preconceptional gene testing on ova | Testing on maternal tissue | Maternal serum for evaluation of Down’s syndrome | Amniocentesis for evaluation of fetal chromosomal anomalies | 2c | single | Ref. The Short Textbook of Obstetrics. Page. 778
NON INVASIVE PRENATAL TESTING
Targeted ultrasonography
Fetal blood cells in maternal blood
Double marker and triple screening
Maternal serum estriol
INVASIVE PRENATAL TESTING
Amniocentesis
Chronic villus sampling
Cordocentesis | Unknown | null |
88323c2a-1ee3-45f3-879c-f1fee9a40d9c | HHH syndrome is due to defect in - | Tryptophan metabolism | Histidine transporter | Branched chain AA metabolism | Ornithine transporter | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ornithine transporter o Hyperornithinaemia, hvperammonaemia, homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder of ornithine transport caused by mutations in geneSLC 25A15 encoding the ornithine transorterprotein (ORNT1).o There is defective activity of the ornithine transporter acros... | Biochemistry | Amino Acid Metabolism |
c97857ae-47c9-41a5-bba8-d0df500ee5d0 | Least toxic compound of lead is : | Least toxic compound of lead is : | Lead oxide | Lead carbonate | Lead sulphide | 3d | single | D i.e. Lead sulphide | Forensic Medicine | null |
b2529fab-650f-4289-990a-9062023abe65 | Chymotrypsinogen is converted to chymotrypsin by- | Pepsin | Alkaline pH | Trypsin | Elastasc | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Trypsin * The digestion of proteins begins in the stomach Pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme which is secreted by chief cells of stomach in an inactive (zymogen) form i.e., pepsinogen. Acid in the lumen of stomach converts pepsinogen to active pepsin. Pepsin once formed also attacks pepsinogen producing m... | Physiology | G.I.T. |
d45904aa-fb66-473e-9f80-037a0932d06e | The gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of the extrahepatic biliary atresia is | Per operative cholangiography | Hepatobiliary scintigraphy | Alkaline phosphatase level | Liver biopsy | 3d | single | Biliary atresia Evaluation of biliary anatomy begins with ultrasound Other imaging modalities such as HIDA scintigraphy, MRCP and ERCP have been used with varying success Although these are useful adjuncts, liver biopsy is gold standard for the diagnosis of biliary atresia and can safely be done percutaneously under lo... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
55cce94e-e26e-472f-96da-1e66d6107243 | Among the following options which is not characteristic feature of non - hodgkins lymphoma | Ariser in a single node or Chain of nodes | Non contiguous spread in an unpredictable fastion | Merentric nodes and waleya ring are involved | Extranodal involvement | 0a | multi | Solution
Non - Hodgkin's lymphoma mainly involves multiple peripheral nodes.
They do not arise in Sequential manner. | Pathology | null |
602ae71a-f707-41be-8448-426817671cef | Risk factors for the development of breast cancer include all of the following, EXCEPT: | Early menarche | Bearing first child after the age of 35 | Positive family history of breast cance | Multiparous women | 3d | multi | The anti-estrogenic action produced by progesterone may be responsible for a reduction of the incidence of breast cancer in multiparous women. Hyperestrinism is the key factor that enhances predisposition of the development of breast cancer. Use of oral contraceptives or estrogen replacement therapy for postmenopausal ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
0b3c89bc-e002-41ed-b1d6-affdc56effed | Which of the following drugs, is used for Smoking Cessation? | Naltrexone | Bupropion | Buprenorphine | Methadone | 1b | single | Answer is B (Bupropion): Bupropion (along with Varenicline and Nicotine replacement therapy) is a USFDA approved first line agent for pharmacotherapy in Smoking Cessation. USFDA Approved Agents for Smoking Cessation Nicotine Replacement Therapy (Transdermal Patch, gum, lozenges, oral inhaler, nasal spray) Bupropion (At... | Medicine | null |
5263d0a2-870c-42b9-90d1-b0db9c5bae96 | In glycolytic pathway products formed are | Fructose 2,6 biphosphate | Fructose 1,6 biphosphate | Gyceraldehyde-3-phosphate | All of the above | 3d | multi | GLYCOLYSIS (EMBDEN-MEYERHOF PATHWAY) | Biochemistry | null |
c1b5ea36-e9f5-4bda-8eff-8585fcee7ce2 | The following regarding colostomy are true except : | A colostomy is an artificial opening made in large Bowel to divert the faeces to the exterior | Temporary colostomy is established to defunction an anastomosi | Permanent colostomy is formed after the resection of Rectum by the abdominoperinea technique | Double barreled colostomy is commonly done nowadays | 3d | multi | • Bailey says “Double-barrelled colostomy was designed so that it could be closed by crushing the intervening ‘spur’ using an enterotome or a stapling device. It is rarely used now, but occasionally the colon is divided so that both ends can be brought to the surface separately, ensuring that the distal segment is comp... | Surgery | null |
e5214055-30d1-422c-880e-3baa2c2efb55 | Weight range of adrenal glands in most of cases of cushing's disease is - | 4-11gm | 11-13 gm | 14-24 gm | 25-40 gm | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 25-40 gm o The weight of adrenal gland depends on the cause of cushing syndrome : ? Due to ACTH production by pituatory microadenoma (cushing disease) or by ectopic ACTH production. o ACTH stimulates the zona reticularis and zona fasciculata which results in either diffuse hyperplasia (25-40 gm) or no... | Pathology | null |
c84c9369-7cfe-4aee-a8fa-35516bc182e1 | Which drug doesn't include DMARD - | Chloroquine | BAL | Azathioprine | Leflunomide | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., BAL Drugs used for Rrheumatoid arthritisDisease modifying antirheumatic drugs DMARDs)Biologic response modifier (BRMs)Adjuvant drugs1. Immunosuppresants - Methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporineo TNF a - inhibitors Etanercept, Infliximab, Adalimumabo Corticosteroids o NSAIDs2. Sulfasalazine 3. Cholor... | Pharmacology | C.N.S |
31e09aeb-35b3-46c5-81b3-0fd5962f869d | A 55 year old man who has been on bed rest for the past 10 days, complains of breathlessness and chest pain. The chest X-ray is normal. The next investigation should be: | Lung ventilation-perfusion scan | Pulmonary aeriography | Pulmonary venous angiography | Echocardiography | 0a | single | Answer is A (Lung perfusion -- ventilation scan): The clinical picture depicted in the question is suggestive of a case of pulmonary thromboembolism. As the patient has a high clinical likelihood, the first investigation should be a non invasive imaging modality in accordance with the diagnostic strategy for PTE outlin... | Medicine | null |
ef4c8d89-f304-4b62-ba42-d74305986e17 | All of the following effects are seen with cholinergic muscarinic receptor stimulation except: | Sweating | Rise in blood pressure | Bradycardia | Urination | 1b | multi | Effects that are seen with cholinergic muscarinic receptor stimulation are- Hea Bradycardia or even cardiac arrest Blood vessels Fall in B.P. and flushing occurs Bronchus Bronchospasm GIT Diarrhea Bladder | urine outflow Glands | secretions Eye Miosis | Pharmacology | Parasympathetic System & Glaucoma |
7a8dc8d8-89cd-4f1f-9240-f229e7fb9882 | Apple core apppearence in barium enema is seen in - | Colonic carcinoma | Fissure in ano | Rectal carcinoma | Hemorrhoides | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Colonic carcinoma Some Imp. Radiological featuresSeen in* Spider leg appearance* Polycystic kidney* Cobra head appearance* Ureterocele* Flower vase appearance of ureters* Horse shoe kidney* Sandy patches* Schistosomiasis of bladder* Soap bubble appearance* Hydronephrosis* Apple core lesion on barium e... | Surgery | Small & Large Intestine |
9d7c02f0-edca-4c1b-8e4e-c0dd9ee5ff2d | Sickle cell trait patient do not have manifestations as that of Sickle cell disease, because: | 50% HbS is required for occurrence of sickling | HbA prevents sickling | 50% sickles | HbA prevent polymerization of Hbs | 0a | single | In Sickle cell trait, the patient is heterozygous and only one parent contributes the abnormal S gene. in each cell of these patients approximately 40% of the hemoglobin is HbS. The rate of sickling is influenced by the intracellular concentration of hemoglobin S and by the presence of other hemoglobins within the cell... | Pathology | null |
981992fe-ac79-4f79-9364-c7fca85da9b5 | All of the following are true about Penicillins except? | Penicillin V is acid stable, can be given orally | Probenecid increases the duration of action by penicillins | Benzathine penicillin is used in the treatment of Neurosyphilis | Penicllin V acts mainly on gram +ve micro organisms | 2c | multi | Aqueous penicillin can cross BBB and hence it is the drug of choice in patients of neurosyphilis. | Pharmacology | null |
f9aaa62f-8d57-4c38-8c84-10d42d216f9c | Most common benign tumour of the stomach is ? | Adenoma | Lipoma | Hamaoma | Leiomyoma | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Adenoma E ihtelial nolvus are the most common benign tumor of the stomach. They are of 5 types: a) Hyperplastic (regenerative) most common type (75%), with low malignant potential b) Adenomatous second most common, with high malignant potential (should be removed when diagnosed) c) Hamaomatous d) Infl... | Surgery | null |
1c19dec3-f9c6-4701-888e-55c783860407 | Adenomyosis is: | Endometriosis interna | Endometriosis externa | Uterine sarcoma | Leiomyoma | 0a | single | Ans: a (Endometriosis internal) Ref: Shaw, 13th ed, p. 448; Robbins, 7th ed, p. 1083Adenomyosis (uterine endometriosis) is also called endometriosis interna.Commonest symptom of adenomyosis - MenorrhagiaCommonest symptom of endometriosis - DysmenorrhoeaPelvic examinationUterus symmetrically enlarged- SoftSize not more ... | Unknown | null |
87da7ebc-243b-4361-a89d-31fe561e66a2 | Buerger's disease affects all except - | Small aeries | Small veins | Medium size aeries | Multiparity | 3d | multi | Answer 'd' Multiparity | Surgery | null |
5088ea5f-154d-4ef3-b65f-70867be80839 | Which block to described as spinal anesthesia of arm:- | Interscalene block | Supraclavicular brachial plexus block | Infraclavicular block | Axillary block | 1b | single | Supraclavicular block is described as the spinal of the arm as if offers dense anesthesia of the brachial plexus for the surgical procedures at or distal to the elbow. Brachial plexus block Level interscalene approach targets routes supraclavicular targets trunks /division infraclavicular targets cords Procedure Site I... | Anaesthesia | Regional Anesthesia |
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