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e88ed9a0-c8bc-4c08-8c16-b78f6f5bfffa | Uncinate process is a part of which bone? | Nasal | Ethmoid | Maxilla | Frontal | 1b | single | ANSWER: (B) EthmoidREF: Gray's anatomy 40th ed chapter 29, Rhinology and Facial Plastic Surgery By Fred J. Stucker, Chris de Souza, Guy S. Kenyon, Timothy S. Lian, Wolfgang Draf, Bernhard Schick page 502See previous question | Anatomy | Nose |
74398c37-0bc2-4c14-bd2a-322fd1f6b35a | Optical urethroplasty is done in ? | Congenital stricture of urethra | Hypospadias | Epispadias | Testicular tumour's | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Congenital stricture of urethra | Surgery | null |
07a6bf1e-1fdc-4c8d-9a18-33baece127e2 | Confirmatory Test for coliform count? | Eijkman test | Casoni's test | Nitrate test | Urease test | 0a | single | Eijkman test or Differential coliform test or Confirmed Escherichia coli count is a test used for the identification of coliform bacteria from warm-blooded animals based on the bacteria's ability to produce gas when grown in glucose media at 46degC (114.8degF). The test to determine whether coliform bacteria come from ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health |
2083f1d8-391f-483c-9f44-290d2b52bc44 | Fever in systemic juvenile Idiopathic ahritis (sJIA) is characteristically? | Quaan fever | Teian fever | Quotidian fever | Continous fever | 2c | multi | Fever in systemic juvenile idiopathic ahritis (sJIA) is characteristically quotidian fever. Systemic JIA is characterized by Fever of atleast 2 weeks; quotidian fever- Fever that rises to 39oC (102.2oF) once a day and returns to 37oC(98.6oF) between fever peaks Ahritis in 1 or more joints Rash: Evanescent, salmon-colou... | Pediatrics | Musculoskeletal disorders |
9cf11086-017c-45e0-8bbc-35c047b0bd42 | A 30 year old male presents with severe pain chest, breathlessness, hypotension and ECG shows ST elevation in V3, V4 V5 and V6 leads. He will be best treated with: | Streptokinase | t-PA | Heparin | PTCA | 3d | single | Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PCTA or angioplasty) is a procedure that is commonly performed on people with hea disease. This procedure is done to open up the blood vessel to allow the blood to pass through more easily PTCA is a minimally invasive procedure to open up blocked coronary aeries, allowing... | Medicine | C.V.S |
67687939-f2be-4168-9d3d-d4282e3df301 | Omalizumab is used in treatment of: | Breast carcinoma | Asthma | Rheumatoid ahritis | None of the above | 1b | multi | Omalizumab is a blocking antibody that neutralizes circulating IgE without binding to cell-bound IgE; it thus inhibits IgE-mediated reactions. This treatment has been shown to reduce the number of exacerbations in patients with severe asthma and may improve asthma control. However, the treatment is very expensive and o... | Medicine | null |
46b8875c-2068-4051-8237-7d7c4e44f7b2 | Spironolactone is least commonly used in which of the following: September 2011 | Congestive hea failure | Cirrhotic edema | Hypeension | Primary hyperaldosteronism | 2c | single | Ans. C: Hypeension As an add-on drug, spironolcatone may be useful in hypeensive patients with significant hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, or glucose intolerance Spironolactone It is a synthetic 17-lactone drug that is a renal competitive aldosterone antagonist in a class of potassium-sparing diuretics It used primarily to... | Pharmacology | null |
836590e4-d87b-49a1-889c-5daf6d143ee6 | Which drug of anesthetics causes delirium & hallucination | Ketamine | Trilene | Halothane | Trichloroethylenev | 0a | multi | A i.e. Ketamine | Anaesthesia | null |
e8ed7254-b2fb-402d-a992-fef92e64d5b7 | A substance is present in concentration of 2mg% in the afferent arteriole and zero mg% in the efferent. True about the substance is | It is freely filtered in glomerulus | Secreted in cortical nephron | Absorbed in PCT | Impermeable in loop of Henle | 0a | multi | Ans. (a) It is freely filtered in glomerulus(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.673)Concentration of 0 mg% means the substance is freely filtered into the bowman's space | Physiology | Kidneys and Body Fluids |
a054a69f-5fdc-4d6a-b158-26d878e4efab | Which of the following is not a suppo of the uterus? | Urogenital diaphragm | Pelvic diaphragm | Perineal body | Rectovaginal septum | 3d | single | (Refer: Gray's Anatomy, 40th Edition, Chapter. 77) | Anatomy | All India exam |
e88581a9-bd93-4c83-9ff2-ca9d28e27700 | PO2 over 8kPa is (Hp saturation) | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% | 3d | single | PO2 over 8kPa is 90%Ref: Ganong&;s Review of Medical Physiology; 24th edition; page no: 642 | Physiology | Respiratory system |
b4de3125-ce37-4e6e-84fa-faf1f81e56d8 | Gelle&;s test is done in | Otosclerosis | Serous otitis media | Traumatic deafness | Senile deafness | 0a | single | Gelle's test: It is also a test of bone conduction and examines the effect of increased air pressure in ear canal on the hearing. Normally, when air pressure is increased in the ear canal by Siegel's speculum, it pushes the tympanic membrane and ossicles inwards, raises the intralabyrinthine pressure and causes immobil... | ENT | Ear |
e872c1fb-0521-4b18-bfbb-b60544b78a99 | Which of the following statements is true regarding medical aboion? | Ultrasound should be done in all cases | If the patient has an IUCD in-situ, it doesn't need to be removed | Can only be done up to 72 days | Only a person ceified under MTP act can perform medical termination of pregnancy | 3d | multi | Ans: D. Only a person ceified under MTP act can perform medical termination of pregnancy(Ref Shaw 16/e 28(, 15/e p244-245, William) 24/e p568).MTP can be performed up to 20 weeks according to MTP act.Ultrasound is not needed in all cases.Only ceified person for MTP act can perform medical termination of pregnancy. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
5a70499c-c2ae-4eb6-bae1-59be3e07df7d | Inferior mesenteric vein drains into vein : | Splenic | Hepatic | Poal | Inf. vena cava | 0a | single | A. i.e. Splenic vein Inferior mesenteric vein begins as superior rectal vein & drains into splenic veinQ behind the body of pancreas. Inferior mesenteric vein receives superior rectal, sigmoid & left colic veins. | Anatomy | null |
81933b8f-cb69-4f94-93a3-397b899705a8 | Tattoing in entry wound of a firearm injury is due to? | Burning | Smoke | Gun powder | Wads | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Gun powder | Forensic Medicine | null |
7fe84d82-eb89-4962-8637-5cb60f27769d | In polyaeritis nodosa, aneurysms are seen in all, except: | Kidney | Lung | Liver | Pancreas | 1b | multi | Answer is B (Lung): 'PAN (classic PAN) does not involve pulmonary aeries although bronchial vessels may be involved. Aneurysmal dilatation npto 1 cm in size along the involved aeries is characteristic of PAN.r-Harrison 16th/2007. Classical PAN: Review Classical PAN is a multisystem necrotizing vasculitis of small & med... | Medicine | null |
6ea4e127-4d49-41b1-bf53-b005cdc58838 | Depth of anaesthesia can be best assessed by - | Pulse oximeter | End-tidal pCO2 | Bispectral index | Acid blood gas analysis | 2c | single | A bispectral index (BIS) monitor is commonly utilized to assess depth of sedation when administering sedative, hypnotic, or anesthetic agents during surgical and medical procedures. The depth of sedation is calculated by measuring cerebral electric activity an electroencephalogram (EEG). The BIS algorithm processes the... | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia |
8d2b6db3-54dd-40d7-a1cd-a48d15b1f81c | In alzhemires which is deficient in coex? | AcH | Serotonin | Dopamine | Noradrenaline | 0a | single | AcH REF: Harrison's 17th ed chapter 365 Biochemically, AD is associated with a decrease in the cerebral coical levels of several proteins and neurotransmitters, especially acetylcholine, its synthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase, and nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Reduction of acetylcholine may be related in pa ... | Surgery | null |
68d19891-c502-40b1-8552-d042806c08d9 | In a larger bruise, the colour changes begins at: | The periphery | From the centre | There is no rule | No colour change | 0a | single | In a larger bruise, the colour change stas from periphery (healing of contusion) The contusion regains its normal colour in 1-2 weeks. | Forensic Medicine | Mechanical Injuries |
b83c90b9-7029-45fd-8ceb-d88a0d06280e | Acrophobia is: | Getting caught in places from where escape would be difficult | Fear of heights | Fear of animals | Fear of closed spaces | 1b | single | B i.e. Fear of heights | Psychiatry | null |
8e150450-b4a6-49d4-bb70-b7cdf97927c6 | Kayakalp award is given for: | Hospital administration | Hospital hygiene | Leadership | Environmental sanitation | 3d | single | Ministry of Health And Family Welfare, Government of India, has launched a national initiative on 15th of May, 2015 to promote cleanliness and enhance the quality of public health facilities. The purpose of this initiative is to appreciate and recognize their effo to create a healthy environment. The name of this initi... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Air, Light, Sound, Housing, Radiation, Waste Disposal |
0117cbc3-f09a-4652-a897-805f1a46ad05 | Tau protein seen in - | Alzhiemer's disease | Lewy body dementia | Picks disease | Amylodosis | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Alzheimer's disease Alzhiemers diseaseo There is atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes to variable extent and severity,o The pattern of atrophy can often be predicted in part by the clinical symptomatology.o The atrophic regions of cortex are marked by neuronal loss, gliosis, and the presence of tan-c... | Pathology | Neurodegenerative Diseases |
9d249050-7212-4ac8-acff-bbae564c464b | Fracture involving both the malleoli is | Cotton's fracture | Potts's f racture | Pirogoff's fracture | Dupuytren's fracture | 1b | multi | B i.e. Pott's | Surgery | null |
f6e8c36d-97cd-4f40-83f7-a08c00bd0eac | Delayed prolonged bleeding is caused by | Histamine | Leukocyte dependent injury | IL-I | Direct injury to endothelial cells | 3d | single | EndotheliumDirect injury to endothelial cells causes delayed prolonged bleeding because, endothelial cells are central regulators of hemostasis, the balance between the anti-and prothrombotic activities of endothelium determines whether thrombus formation, propagation or dissolution occurs.Robbins basic pathology 9th e... | Pathology | General pathology |
5ec02923-0b0e-46b8-a7ca-8d2e44156d98 | Barium meal follow through is suggestive of: | Tuberculosis | Crohn's disease | Ulcerative colitis | Apple core appearance | 3d | single | Ans. (d) Apple core appearance. | Radiology | Abdominal Radiography |
9bb0b09a-40cb-4066-b505-9c3d17dc0c9d | ashleys rule is | sex determination using teeth | age determination using sterum | sex determination using sternum | age determination using teeth | 2c | single | ashleys rule : sex detrmination by sternum krogmanns accuracy - sexing of adults in humans using pelvis ref : narayanareddy | Forensic Medicine | All India exam |
aa142523-d9db-4f0e-afcf-52da7edda7ca | Left ventricular Hyperopy is caused by all, Except: | M.S (Mitral stenosis) | A. S (Aoic Stenosis) | M.R (Mitral Regurgitation) | A. R (Aoic Regurgitation) | 0a | multi | Answer is A (Mitral Stenosis) Isolated Mitral Stenosis is not associated with Left Ventricular Hyperophy Isolated Mitral Stenosis is not associated with Left ventricular Hyperophy The burden of Mitral Stenosis (from obstruction of flow across the mitral valve) is received by the left atrium followed by pulmonary circul... | Medicine | null |
3aef7868-9e52-4de2-af67-effe018ae35b | The aefact seen in a case of suicidal complete hanging is | Transverse tears in carotids | Oesophageal banding | Dribbling of saliva | Unequal pupils | 1b | single | Banding of the oesophagus is an aefact & non specific. These bands are pale areas in the mucosa caused by postmoem hypostasis being prevented from settling by the external pressure of larynx & trachea. | Forensic Medicine | Hanging and strangulation |
1a89d96c-44fe-4671-a2e5-51dfc215271f | An inhibitor was designed to block a biologic function in H. influenzae. If the goal of the experiment were to reduce the virulence of H. influenzae, the most likely target would be | Exotoxin liberator | Endotoxin assembly | Flagella synthesis | Capsule formation | 3d | single | The major determinant of virulence in H. influenzae is the presence of a capsule. There is no demonstrable exotoxin and the role of endotoxin is unclear. While one would expect that IgA protease would inhibit local immunity, the role of this enzyme in pathogenesis is yet unclear. | Microbiology | Systemic Bacteriology (Haemophilus, Yersinia, Spirochaetes, Ricketssia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Miscellaneous Bacteria) |
2c97bac5-2031-4123-8fec-d7daf699e94b | A post graduate trainee could not deliver seminars and presentations, fearing his seniors despite knowing that they are supportive. He has difficulty speaking in front of others and also avoids going to the parties and college outings. The most likely diagnosis is he is suffering from: | Agoraphobia | Depressive disorder | Social phobia | Panic disorder | 2c | single | Ans. C. Social phobiaHere the fear is performing in public and there is also avoidance of social situations (i.e. avoidance of parties). | Psychiatry | Anxiety & Stress |
acb01513-d7d4-4ce4-94d7-bf176292f593 | A full-term baby, exclusively breast fed, at the end of 1 week was passing golden yellow stools and was found to have adequate hydration with the normal systemic examination. The weight of the baby was just the same as it was at birth. The paediatrician should now advise – | Give oral solution with breast feeding | Start tap feeding | Investigate for lactic acidosis | Reassure the mother that nothing is abnormal | 3d | single | Loss of weight in the first few days of birth is a normal phenomenon. - Nelson .
A newborn loses up to 10% of his body weight in the first few days of birth. He regains his birth weight by the age of 10 days.
The golden yellow colour of the stool is perfectly normal.
" The number colour and consistency of stools may ... | Pediatrics | null |
7fe9370f-2250-4180-b3b3-0035f16e514f | What is the function of the following armamentarium? | Field isolation | Dental extraction | Crimping of stainless steel crown | Orthodontic wire bending | 0a | single | The figure shows rubber dam, which is used for isolation in oral cavity.
It was invented by S.C Barnum – 1864.
It has following parts:
Sheet
Rubber Dam Frame
Rubber Dam Clamp/Retainer
Rubber Dam Punch
Rubber Dam Forceps
Rubber Dam Lubricant
Rubber Dam Napkin
Anchors | Dental | null |
f3d9608a-9883-4bbe-aea3-a899a7f077f0 | A 5yr old child with diarrahoea, how much ORS is to be given according to plan A after each stool | 50 ml | 100 ml | 200 ml | According to thirst | 1b | single | PLAN A : Age Amount of ORS given after each stool amount of ORS to provide for use at home Less than 24 months 50-100ml 500ml/day 2-10 years 100-200 ml 1000ml/day 10 year or more asmuch as wants 2000 ml/day Ref : ESSENTIAL PEDIATRICS,O.P.GHAI,PG NO:264, 7TH EDITION | Pediatrics | Gastrointestinal tract |
d1b52b47-6d9f-4937-a6cb-5d2e5c069567 | True statement about penicillin G is? | It is administered orally | It has a wide spectrum | It can be used for rate bite fever | Co-administration of probenecid decreases its duration of action | 0a | multi | PnG is a narrow spectrum antibiotic; activity is limited primarily to gram-positive bacteria and few others. Penicillin G is acid labile-destroyed by gastric acid. As such, less than 1 /3rd of an oral dose is absorbed in the active form. Absorption of sod. PnG from i.m. site is rapid and complete; peak plasma level is ... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
8c495548-030c-473c-9d11-365e20c449ad | Which is not a germ cell tumour | Dysgerminoma | Teratoma | Granulosa theca cell tumour | Embryonal cell carcinoma | 2c | single | Epithelial Ovarian Tumour Histologic typeSerousMucinousEndometroidClear cell" mesonephroid BrennerMixed epithelial Undifferentiated UnclassifiedCellular type Endosal pineal Endocervical Endometrial Mullerian TransitionalMixedAnaplastic Mesothelioma etc. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Gynaecological oncology |
819bd3ae-4e3e-4a00-9abc-2f2e5d9b14bd | Apart from plasmodium, which of the following can infect RBCs in "ring forms"? | Babesia microti | Tyrpanosomas | Schistosomia | Microfilaria | 0a | single | Ans. a (Babesia microti). (Ref. Harrison's, Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th ed., pg1232)Babesiosis (B. microti)# Babesiosis is a worldwide protozoan disease of animals that is transmitted by ticks; humans are infected incidentally and initially develop a nonspecific febrile illness that can lead to hemolytic anem... | Microbiology | Parasitology |
cd7e6bcb-0d5e-422a-80ef-19879c80e341 | A patient taken for surgery was given suxamethonium, following which his body temperature began to rise quickly. Along with this he also developed masseter spasm, tachycardia and arrhythmia. An ABG analysis also revealed that he has hypoxia, hypercarbia and acidosis. What is the mode of inheritance of the condition des... | Autosomal dominant | Autosomal recessive | X linked dominant | X linked recessive | 0a | multi | The condition described above is malignant hyperpyrexia and it is inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. It is an emergency and immediate intervention is necessary. All precipitants should be stopped and the surgery postponed. Dantrolene 1 mg/kg IV bolus repeated up to a dose of 10 mg/kg can be given. The body t... | Anaesthesia | null |
96c3f813-c1d0-4770-b5e9-fe1f1c528ff0 | A 5-year-old boy is taken to his pediatrician for a laceration on his right knee. A mass on his neck is noticed; his mother states it has been there for several months and is slowly getting larger. The mass is slightly to the left of midline. What is the most likely diagnosis? SELECT ONE.Ultrasound of neck. Midline hyp... | Chondroma | Dermoid cyst | Thyroglossal duct cyst | Laryngocele | 2c | single | The thyroid develops from the foramen cecum in the tongue and descends to its definitive position in the neck. Failure of the tract to close may result in a thyroglossal duct cyst. | Surgery | Neck |
c90203d5-7ade-4ff2-b177-c9bc0015f0c2 | Most common cardiac anomaly in Turner\'s syndrome is ? | Coarctation of aorta | Bicuspid aortic valve | Vetricular septal defect | Atrial septal defect | 1b | single | Turner's syndrome is commonly associated with congenital heart diseases.
The most common anomaly associated is bicuspid Aortic valves in one third to one half of the patients (50%).
Other congential anomalies associated with Turner's syndrome → Aortic coarctation (30%), Aortic stenosis, Mitral valve prolapse, Anomalous... | Pediatrics | null |
44376d5b-ab09-4ce9-90c7-09a8b908170a | Optokinetic nystagmus is due to defect in | Frontal lobe | Occipital lobe | Temporal lobe | Parietal lobe | 3d | single | Optokinetic nystagmus constitutes of saccadic and pursuit movements.
Defect in OKN indicates parietal lobe lesion. | Ophthalmology | null |
72ec70ec-fc38-4ec8-9afb-e620b942c3d4 | Best indicator for coronary aery disease | HDL | LDL | VLDL | Chlomicron | 1b | single | Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for development of atheroscerosis The main cholesterol component associated with increased risk is LDL (bad cholesterol) Robbins 9th edition page no. 336 | Pathology | Cardiovascular system |
3c8a7513-1c70-4e72-9406-c2370b1cea39 | Telecanthus is aEUR' | Narrow medial epicanthus | Widely separated medial orbital wall | Lateral epicanthal fold thickened | Increase in intercanthal distance with normal interpupillary distance | 3d | multi | Increase in intercanthal distance with normal interpupillary distance Telecanthus is the congenital condition in which there is increased distance b/w the medial canthi or angles of the eyelids. The interpupillary distance (IPD) remains normal. (If a veical line is drawn through lacrimal punctum it will cut cornea as s... | Ophthalmology | null |
4c49da46-ede8-4efd-a39d-864a7a903b4f | All of the following factors evaluate the chances of amputation in a limb, except | Age | B.P | Velocity of trauma | Presence of infection | 3d | multi | D i.e. Presence of infection Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) can be used as predictor of eventual amputation versus limb salvageQ. Higher the score lower the chances of salvage i.e. higher score has higher chances of amputation. However recent studies have shown it to be inaccurate in predicting the functional ... | Surgery | null |
3e5a2e35-214d-4fdb-9bee-5ca14bcc6f3e | One of the following disorders is due to maternal disomy | Prader Willi syndrome | Angelman syndrome | Hydatidi form mole | Klinefelter syndrome | 0a | single | ref Robbins 9/e p173 Matetnal disomy is associated with disorders like prader Willi syndrome, angelman syndrome. | Anatomy | General anatomy |
b6b91d49-7a30-4a9a-91e6-b2f20341470c | Normal Curvature seen in Lumbar | Lordosis | Kyphosis | Scoliosis | Recurvatum | 0a | single | * Normal curvature of spine:Lordosis(concavity) ? cervical spine, lumbar spineKyphosis (convexity) ? thoracic & sacral spine * Causes of | lumbar lordosis: (excessive posterior concavity)- Spondylolisthesis- Obesity / Osteoporosis- Achondroplasia- Postural* Scoliosis -abnormal lateral curvature of veebral column * Kyph... | Orthopaedics | AIIMS 2018 |
7ecd4020-88fb-4434-bac0-bff289b5952c | Although more than 400 blood groups have been identified, the ABO blood group system remains the most important in clinical medicine because. : | It was the first blood group system to be discovered. | It has four different blood groups A, B, AB, O(H). | ABO (H) antigens are present in most body tissues and fluids. | ABO (H) antibodies are invariably present in plasma when a person RBC lacks the corresponding antigen. | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e. ABO (H) antibodies are invariably present in plasma when persons RBC lacks the corresponding antigen [Ref: Guyton 20th/e, p 414; Journal of Hematology: the clinical use of blood (World Health Organization Blood Transfusion Safety)The basic difference between ABO blood group system and other blood group... | Physiology | Blood: Transfusion and Organ Transplantation |
182374eb-ccce-485e-9f4e-e8d9ddb97a83 | ABO antigens are not found in: | Semen | Plasma | Sweat | CSF | 3d | single | Ans: D (CSF) Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by KS Narayan Reddy. 29th edition. 2010Explanation:ABO antigensABO antigens are found in high concentration in saliva, semen, vaginal and gastric secretions.They are found in low titres in sweat, tears and urine.Totally absent in nerve tissue, epithel... | Forensic Medicine | Biological Materials & Stains |
ed531026-7cc8-4087-bc94-e0c3977f74b8 | All the following are true regarding HIV transmission, from mother to infant, except: | Nevirapine prophylaxis is used for the prevention of veical transmission | Zidovudine should be given to both pregnant women and infants | Emergency CS increases the chance of transmission | Avoid breast feeding | 2c | multi | In the sho course prophylactic antiretroviral (ARV) regimens Nevirapine is given to mother at the onset of labour and within 72 hours to child cesarean section decreases the transmission of HIV. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
5c1b34e7-0cf0-4031-8712-4915dbe85dde | Aoic valve closure corresponds to the beginning of:September 2011 | Systole | Parasystole | Isovolumetric relaxation | Isovolumetric contraction | 2c | single | Ans. C: Isovolumetric relaxationCardiac DiastoleIt is the period of time when the hea relaxes after contraction in preparation for refilling with circulating blood.During ventricular diastole, the pressure in the (left and right) ventricles drops from the peak that it reaches in systole.When the pressure in the left ve... | Physiology | null |
b7e148a7-ab2d-443e-b0f2-6c09fa881fe2 | In which stage of filariasis are microfilaria seen in peripheral blood - | Tropical eosinophilia | Early adenolymphagitis stage | Late adenolymphangitis stage | Elephantiasis | 1b | single | Microfilaria appear in large numbers in peripheral blood at night Blood film should be made at night between 10 pm and 2 am (refer pgno:168 baveja 3rd edition) | Microbiology | parasitology |
b85589fe-cc44-487c-808a-aa799167110e | Diameter of female urethra is: | 3 mm | 4 mm | 5 mm | 6 mm | 3d | single | Female urethraIt is about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) to 2 inches (5.1 cm) long and exits the body between the clitoris and the vagina, extending from the internal to the external urethral orifice.Its diameter when undilated is about 6 mm. | Anatomy | null |
bd621174-07e9-4af5-89da-25ce267bb233 | All of the following effects are produced by mu opioid receptor except ? | Tachycardia | Miosis | Sedation | Euphoria | 0a | multi | Effects of Mu opioid receptor activation results in S- Sedation A- Analgesia C- Constipation R- Respiratory depression U- eUphoria M- Miosis | Pharmacology | Opioids and Alcohols |
44a325aa-8b46-49ba-9fd5-4d79cad6bb5d | Para amino benzoic acid in breast milk prevents the infection of | Plasmodium vivax | Kleibsella-pneumonia | Giardia | E.coli | 0a | single | Para-amino-benzoic acid(PABA) of breast milk provides protection against malaria.Ref: Page 97; Ghai essential pediatrics; 6th edition | Pediatrics | Nutrition |
7a99a4c3-578d-4e15-b2aa-a82835880a79 | Subterminal spores are found in- | Clostridium sordelli | Clostridium sporogenes | Clostridium difficile | All | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Clostridium sordelli; 'b' i.e., Clostridium sporogenes; 'c' i.e., Clostridium difficile | Microbiology | null |
adfb47b8-d96c-4e96-8ada-389755a65d4e | All of the following increase at full term in pregnancy except: | Minute volume | GFR | Blood volume | Cardiac output | 3d | multi | Ans: D. Cardiac output(Ref Dutta 8/e p60-61, 7/e p51-53; Williams 24/e p59)Cardiac output increases from the fifth week of pregnancy and reaches its maximum levels at approximately 32 weeks, after which there is only a slight increase until labor, delivery, and the postpaum period | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
8783cc75-4573-4f81-bf2a-4b51e452531e | A 50-year-old male patient having a history of chronic smoking presents with a single lymph node enlargement and hoarseness of voice. The next line of management is: | FNAC | IDL with CXR | Percutaneous biopsy | Advise him very seriously to stop smoking | 2c | single | Ans. Percutaneous biopsy | Radiology | null |
dda4d7ed-1f10-48ec-b8ba-a0485fc00f41 | If only one terminal aldehyde group of glucose is oxidized, the product is - | Glucuronic acid | Gluconic acid | Gluchosaccharic acid | Gluconalactone | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Gluconic acid Oxidation of sugaro When aldose sugars are oxidized they may form three different sugar acid, depending upon oxidation of aldehyde group (at C-l) or terminal alcohol group (at C-6).i) Aldonic acid:- Oxidation of an aldose with hypobromous acid (HOBr) oxidises only aldehyde group and conv... | Biochemistry | Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Amino sugars, and Mucopolysaccharides |
30bb2c6d-fa2b-4bef-bebf-804b6091515c | The water cane in the larynx (saccules) are present in | Laryngeal ventricles | Reinke's space | Paraglottic space | Pyriform fossa | 0a | single | Ventricle (sinus of larynx):- It is a deep elliptical space between vestibular and vocal folds, also extending a sho distance above and lateral to vestibular fold. The saccule is a diveiculum of mucous membrane which stas from the anterior pa of ventricular cavity and extends upwards between vestibular folds and lamina... | ENT | Larynx |
7b881aaa-63a8-43dd-982a-0dd2c550a643 | MC sarcoma in infancy is - | Leiomyosarcoma | Ewing's sarcom | Rhabdomyosarcoma | Osteosarcoma | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., RhabdomyosarcomaRhabdomyosarcomao The most common soft tissue sarcoma in children is rhabdomyosarcoma.The common site of involvement are:o Head & Neck (25%) -Most commono Genitourinary (22%) - 2nd most commono Extremitieso Retroperitoneum.o Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common nonocular orbital tumor i... | Pediatrics | Soft Tissue Sarcomas |
68852d3c-e075-4955-a750-4c16367516c4 | Gangrene due to known infectious agents: | Wet | Dry | Pyodermatous gangrene | Mourner’s gangrene | 0a | single | In case of superimposed bacterial infection, coagulative necrosis is modified by the liquefactive action of the bacteria and the attracted leukocytes (resulting in so-called wet gangrene) | Pathology | null |
1522a6a9-7f1b-4cb2-ac56-8d0eaca90661 | Monteggia fracture is a: | Fracture of atlas | Fracture of radial styloid | Fracture of proximal 1/3 of ulna with dislocation of proximal radioulnar joint | Fracture of distal 1/3 of radius with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint | 2c | single | Fractures between the proximal third of the ulna and the base of olecranon combined with dislocation of the proximal radio-ulnar joint. Direction of dislocation of radial head is used for classification. Bado's classification is used to classify monteggia fracture | Orthopaedics | Ohopaedics Q Bank |
c28dbc39-9b94-4ee4-8e9a-57aacbb2495f | Treatment of choice for fracture shaft femur in a 4 years old child | Gallow's traction | Hip spica | Russel traction | Intramedullary nail | 2c | multi | *0-2 years : skin traction - gallow&;s traction / Bryant&;s traction * 2-10 years : most femoral fracture is seen in this group .here split Russell traction is useful *10-15 years : 90-90degfemoral skeletal traction or hip spica or both * adults - traction : skin/skeletal & cast bracing Surgery - intramedullary nails c... | Orthopaedics | Thigh, Knee,Leg,Foot & Ankle injuries |
47e4851c-0c9c-46ac-8ee2-88b496a2e834 | Shaking palsy is associated with poisoning with - | Lead | Mercury | Arsenic | Strontium | 1b | single | Concussio mercuralis (shaking palsy) is seen in mercury poisoning. | Forensic Medicine | null |
983624e6-7a5b-420c-8bd8-c7684f295193 | Acute bilirubin encephalopathy is characterized by all except | Poor feeding | Lethargy | Hypertonia | Abnormal auditory evoked responses | 2c | multi | Acute bilirubin encephalopathy is characterized by hypotonia. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
97767e08-5979-4cfe-be72-4962f9a84e13 | A lady came with unilateral white skin lesions with leukotrichia. Shows 2 white spots 1 x 1cm each over left side of chin and neck. Diagnosis? | Segmental vitiligo | Piebaldism | Waardenburg's syndrome | Regional vitiligo | 0a | single | . | Dental | All India exam |
c294ded8-a328-43b0-855d-15a3ac6b1ed9 | ADHD in childhood can lead to what in future -a) Schizophreniab) Alcoholism c) Intellectual changesd) Antisocial behaviour | abc | acd | bcd | bd | 2c | single | ADHD patients are vulnerable to antisocial behavior, substance use disorders (alcoholism), mood disorders, conduct disorder, and lower education attainments. | Psychiatry | null |
23ad3541-be9f-47d9-a984-19095fdd5e2f | POPs carry a risk of: | Hypertension | Embolism | Irregular bleeding | Ectopic pregnancy | 3d | single | Ans. is d, i.e. Ectopic pregnancyRef: William Gynae 3rd/ed, pl27Irregular bleeding is a side effect of POPs. They carry an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy (if failure of method occurs)Other drawbacks:* Increased rate of failure as compared to OCPs* Increased chances of developing functional ovarian cyst. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Contraceptives |
fce35113-0788-44b2-9d15-f868f68ccb5f | Which of the following chemotherapy agent can cause SIADH? | Vincristine | Doxorubicin | Dacarbazine | Cyclophosphamide | 0a | single | Neoplasms: Carcinoma - lung, duodenum, pancreas, ovary, Mesothelioma, Branchial adenoma, Carcinoid, Ewing sarcoma Head trauma Infections- Pneumonia, Abscess (lung or brain), Cavitation (aspergillosis), TB (lung or brain), Meningitis (Bacterial or viral) Encephalitis, AIDS Vascular: Cerebrovascular occlusions, hemorrhag... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
4995ed06-3ca2-49b3-9aa5-66a7ac67af18 | Periphery of retina is visualized by: | Indirect ophthalmoscopy | Direct ophthalmoscopy | Goniocopy | Contact lens | 0a | single | A i.e. Indirect opthalmoscopy - Area of retina visualized by direct ophthalmoscopy is 2disc dioptersQ and by indirect ophthalmoscopy is 8 DD. Peripheral retina is visualized by indirect opthalmoscopy Q and biomicroscopy examination by Goldmann's three mirror contact lens.Q | Ophthalmology | null |
5007ba16-4a50-4da7-a156-6ee4cc831606 | The positive inotropic effect of digitalyzers is due to invitation of Na+/K+ ATPase pump in cardiac muscle cell membrane leading to | Decrease the activity of Na+/Ca+ exchanger causing decrease the influx of sodium and decreased efflux of Ca++ in the sarcolemma | Decreased efflux of Na+ leading to less negative resting membrane potential and opening of voltage gated Ca+ + channels on the T tubules | Increased intracellular Na+ causing increased efflux of any place and increase the influx of Ca + + through Na+/ Ca + + exchanges in sarcolemma | Increased intracellular Na+ decreasing the activity of Ca + + pump in the sarcoplasmic reticulum | 0a | single | Ref-Goodman and Gillman 12/e p802,803 The positive inotropic effect of digitalis is due to inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase pump in cardiac muscle cell membrane leading to decreased activity of Na+/Ca++ exchanger causing decrease the influx of sodium and decreased efflux of CA++ in the sarcolemma | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
e56c7920-87c3-45a0-9f65-55baa2b5ad5d | A 58-year-old male bricklayer is admitted to the hospital with severe pain that radiates from his lower back to the pubic region. Ultrasound examination reveals that a kidney stone is partially obstructing his right ureter; the examination also indicates the presence of a second ureter on the right side. Which of the f... | Failure of ureteric bud to form | Early splitting of the ureteric bud | Failure of urorectal septum to develop | Persistent urachus | 1b | multi | The ureteric bud is responsible for the development of the ureter, and thus an early splitting of the ureteric bud would result in formation of a second ureter on the ipsilateral side. Failure of the ureteric bud to form would cause a complete absence of the ureter, whereas failure of the ureteric bud to branch occurs ... | Anatomy | Abdomen & Pelvis |
13c8d765-001b-4f1f-bb78-e3c14947d9cf | Most accurate measurement of extracellular fluid volume (ECF) can be done by using : | Sucrose. | Mannitol. | Inulin. | Aminopyrine | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Inulin First let's see different types of body fluid.Extracellular fluid - It is a general term for all the body fluids outside the cells.It consists ofInterstitial fluidPlasmaLymphCerebrospinal fluidIntracellular fluidPortion of total body fluid which are within the cell membranesMeasurement of body f... | Physiology | Body Fluids |
56a0a7dc-dfbf-4420-975b-812f22edce98 | Not true about hemorrhoids: | First degree-no prolapsed | Excision for externo-internal piles | Third degree-no surgery | Conservative treatment in first degree | 2c | multi | Ans. (c) Third degree-no surgeryRef: Sabiston 19th Edition, Pages 1387-1391* Third degree hemorrhoids will have mass protruding out of anal orifice and needs to be reduced manually. The best treatment for 3rd and 4th degree is surgery. | Surgery | Rectum |
2ebac46c-8926-401d-ad1d-82c55d2c71d9 | A 36 year–old factory worker developed itchy, annular scaly plaques in both groins. Application of a corticosteroid ointment led to temporary relief but the plaques continued to extend at the periphery.The most likely diagnosis is – | Erythema annulare centrifugum | Granuloma annulare | Annular lichen planus | Tinea cruiris | 3d | multi | Tinea cruiris is dermatophytic infection of groin. Presence of bilateral, annular scaly plaques in the groin, itching and unresponsiveness to steroids and peripheral extension, all suggest the diagnosis of Tinea cruris. | Dental | null |
883f4802-624e-417e-8fc3-293a76a3c863 | The treatment of congenital glaucoma is- | Essentially topical medications | Trabeculoplasty | Trabeculotomy with trabeculectomy | Cyclocryotherapy. | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Trabeculectomy with trabeculectomy Treatment of congenital glaucoma:Treatment of congenital glaucoma is primarily surgical. However I.O.P. must be lowered by the following agents till surgery is doneHyper osmotic agentsAcetazolamideb Blockers Surgical procedures: -GoniotomyTrabeculectomyCombined trabec... | Unknown | null |
8cffcbb1-bd62-4fcd-b075-f4c60150da94 | In a stable situation | Incidence = Prevalence x Duration | Prevalence = Incidence x Duration | Incidence = Prevalence + Duration | Prevalence = Incidence + Duration | 1b | single | Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 61 Prevalence = Incidence x Duration | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
adeb54aa-4eeb-4c35-8d87-44d3b7938d37 | Nails are formed in which week of IUL ___________ | 0-6 week | 10-12 week | 14-18 week | 20-24 week | 1b | single | Around week 11, the nail beds (the layer of cells underneath the fingernails and toe nails) begin to form; then in the second trimester, tiny nails will sprout up. There&;s nothing you can do to speed up, improve or impact the development of your little one&;s skin, hair and nails. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics,... | Pediatrics | Growth and development |
bdc11d66-8aca-4209-bdba-d29d7bc78bc1 | White pupillary reflex is seen in: March 2005 | Retrolental fibroplasia | Complete retinal detachment | Retinoblastoma | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. D: All of the above Leukocoria is an abnormal white reflection from the retina of the eye. Leukocoria is a medical sign for a number of conditions: Coats disease Congenital cataracts Corneal scarring Melanoma of the ciliary body Norrie disease Ocular toxocariasis Persistence of the tunica vasculosa lentis (PFV/PHP... | Ophthalmology | null |
a105562f-8899-4daa-83b9-1dfe0dbbf19e | Retinoblastoma arises from: | Layer of rods and cones | Layer of bipolar cells | Ganglion cells layers | Any nucleated retinal layer | 3d | single | Ans. Any nucleated retinal layer | Ophthalmology | null |
7ba82620-8ac3-4ab3-8f91-69a31dc30979 | Sign of chronic inflammation - | Angiogenesis | Purulent exudate | Induration | Edema | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Angiogenesis Chronic inflammation is characterized byo Infiltration with mononuclear cells, which include - macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cellso Tissue destruction, induced - the persistent offending agent or by the inflammatory cellso Attempts at healing - connective tissue replacement of damag... | Pathology | Cellular Pathology |
8ce986e7-8e35-472b-a758-060d971764c2 | The drug having higher concentration in the bone: | Piperacillin | Vancomycin | Clindamycin | Paramomycin | 2c | single | Poor bone penetration. - B lactams - Vancomycin - Aminoglycoside Good bone penetration (Higher concentration in Bone) * Tetracycline * Macrolide * Clindamycin | Pharmacology | Protein Synthesis Inhibitors |
eb12b769-0bec-4078-a7b0-741758793c05 | Which of the following is not an appropriate investigation for anterior urethral stricture? | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Retrograde urethrogram | Micturating cystourethrogram | High frequency ultrasound | 0a | single | A i.e. MRI Radiological Investigation for urethral stricture Retrograde urethrographyQ -It should not be done within 3-4 weeks of significant urethral trauma (can cause extravasation of the dye into the spongy tissue, lymphatics & veins of pelvis). -Mainstay of investigation. | Radiology | null |
e40760c3-5e21-42e5-a03c-710390abee33 | A 58-year-old man with cirrhosis complains of worsening fatigue and confusion over the past 5 days. He also reports that over the past 48 hours he has had a declining urinary output. On examination, he is gaunt and jaundiced. He has tense ascites and a liver span of 7 cm in the midclavicular line. Lab result reveal a W... | Large volume paracentesis | Hemodialysis | Mesocaval shunt | Liver transplantation | 3d | single | This patient with well advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension has developed the onset of renal insufficiency consistent with hepatorenal syndrome. This occurs during the end stages of cirrhosis and is characterized by diminished urine output and low urinary sodium. In the setting of end-stage liver disease, renal v... | Unknown | null |
2b9e4d2e-9a13-4a28-922b-c4b955d13291 | The most commonly used myocutaneous pedicle graft for pelvis surgeries contains muscle segments from - | Rectus abdominis muscle | External oblique muscle | Internal oblique muscle | Transversus abdominis muscle | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rectus abdominis muscle * Grafts used for reconstructive operations in the pelvis are skin grafts, which are full or partial thickness, or myocutaneous grafts which are composed of full thickness of the skin, its associated subcutaneous tissue and a portion of closely associated muscle.* The most freq... | Surgery | Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery |
45ef233f-9d12-4660-9f09-7df539add508 | Microfilariae of the following parasites are found in blood except - | Brugia malayi | Loa Loa | Onchocerca volvulus | Wuchereria bancrofti | 2c | multi | produces onchocerciasis Adult worm may occur in subcutaneous nodules Nodules are painless (refer pgno:173 baveja 3 rd edition) | Microbiology | parasitology |
b616fbe9-4ef1-46e3-8355-6edcb8b88934 | The failure rate per HWY of Pearl index is given by | x 1200 | x 2400 | x 1200 | x 2400 | 2c | single | The Pearl index is defined as the number of failures per 100 women-years of exposure . This rate is given by the formula:Failure rate per HWY: x 1200The factor 1200 is the number of months in 100yearsRef: PArk; 23rd ed; Pg 510 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Demography and family planning |
23ea11bf-60fd-4ee6-971f-6b054dd04572 | A 25yr old female presents with anemia and jaundice since 2 years. On examination her spleen is enlarged. Peripheral smear showed presence of spherocytes. Which of the following investigation is used in diagnosing this condition? | Osmotic fragility test | Coombs test | Reticulocyte count | Bone marrow aspiration | 1b | single | Young female with 2 years history of anemia and peripheral smear showing spherocytes points towards the diagnosis of autoimmune haemolytic anemia (AIHA). In the above question age, gender and history of patient ours AIHA. Most impoant differential diagnosis for AIHA is hereditary spherocytosis. Diagnosis of hereditary ... | Pathology | null |
f3360117-c12d-4bfd-bf76-16fc970cd293 | In thymus, which gene is responsible for recognition of self-antigens? | NOTCH 1 | AIRE | Rb | PTEN | 1b | single | Immunologic tolerance is the phenomenon of unresponsiveness to an antigen induced by exposure of lymphocytes to that antigen. A protein called AIRE (autoimmune regulator) stimulates expression of some "peripheral tissue-restricted" self-antigens in the thymus It is critical for deletion or negative selection of immatur... | Pathology | Auto Immune Disorders Introduction |
7d0f29fe-5cf8-4ae7-bd49-b4d0b8370aff | Contraindications to tranexamic acid in management of heavy menstrual bleeding are all except | Concurrent combined oral contraceptives use | Colour blindness | Disseminated intravascular coagulation | Intermenstrual bleeding | 3d | multi | Intermenstrual bleeding is not a contraindication to use of tranexamic acid. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
31f72d71-827a-454c-893f-ad60f2b4066c | The following are associated with endocytosis: | Clathrin | Megalin | SNARE proteins | Both 1 and 2 | 3d | multi | Endocytosis is mediated by clathrin and megalin SNARE proteins are associated with exocytosis Both are active vesicular transpo systems | Anatomy | General anatomy |
3c25a0ea-43bf-4ca6-bfa5-1c87c0d3e440 | Which of the following is the very first step in Functional endoscopic sinus surgery? | Opening of bulla ethmoidalis | Uncinectomy | Middle meatal antrostomy | Middle turbinectomy | 1b | multi | Surgical technique
After suitable vasoconstriction using cocaine or ephedrine, the middle turbinate is identified. This is the most important landmark for the procedure. On the lateral wall of the nose at the level of the anterior end of the middle turbinate lies the uncinate process. This is removed, exposing the eth... | ENT | null |
49fc3ec1-3f85-4bdc-93da-0e223ecfa3d7 | Charles Phillips procedure? | Small bowel atresia | Meconium ileus | Recurrent small bowel obstruction | Sigmoid volvulus | 2c | multi | Ans. C. Recurrent small bowel obstruction. (Ref LB 25th pg. 1198)Rx of acute intestinal obstruction# GI drainage# Fluid and electrolyte replacement# Relief of obstruction# Surgical Rx is necessary for most cases of intestinal obstruction but should be delayed until resuscitation is complete, provided there is no sign o... | Surgery | Small & Large Intestine |
5043c26c-7e82-45c7-b230-6cb1b02e741d | The most common infectious agent associated with chronic pyelonephritis is: | Proteus vulgaris | Klebsiella pneumonia | Staphylococcus aureus | Escherichia coli | 3d | single | . Escherichia coli | Pathology | null |
7548303b-7dc1-421d-a836-782b8f6e36c0 | The following factors shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right, except | Hypoxia | Acidosis | Increase in 2, 3-DPG | Alkalosis | 3d | multi | Oxygen saturation curve Physiology A curve that describes the relationship between Hb O2 saturation and tension; defined by a sigmoid curve which reflects the interaction of the 4 Hb molecules involved in O2 uptake, transpo and release; a &;right shift&; of the curve indicates | Hb affinity for O2, as occurs in | pH-ie... | Physiology | Respiratory system |
1b99d41f-5807-483d-886d-e764e9e39a6e | Drugs that are administered IV are | Rapidly absorbed | Subject to first-pass metabolism | 100% bioavailable | All of the above | 2c | multi | ABSORPTION Absorption is movement of the drug from its site of administration into the circulation.Except when given i.v., the drug has to cross biological membranes. Bioavailability of drug injected i.v. is 100%. parenteral Conventionally, parenteral refers to administration by injection which takes the drug directly ... | Pharmacology | General pharmacology |
71e5904f-9ba8-4f1d-9f62-0b0cddaa5290 | A hymenal tag in a newborn is best treated by - | Steroids | Surgery | Leaving it alone | None of the above | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Leaving it alone Hymenal tags around margins of hymen is normal finding. | Pediatrics | null |
155fff64-5ec3-44f0-a1d3-9904261c7af4 | Earliest immune response is by - | IgM | IgG | IgA | IgE | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., IgMo The antibody response to an initial antigenic stimulus differes qualitatively and quantitatively from the response to subsequent stimuli with same antigeno Former is called primary response and the latter secondary response :a) Primary response# Primary immne response refers to the first encounte... | Microbiology | Anitibody |
5cc0ef5c-03c9-4304-9996-7e8c2146913d | All are TRUE about thyroid gland, EXCEPT: | Development stas at 3rd week of gestation | It develops from the floor of the primitive pharynx | Ectopic location of the thyroid gland is at the base of the tongue | Thyroid hormone synthesis begins at 20th week of gestation | 3d | multi | The thyroid develops from the floor of the primitive pharynx during the third week of gestation. Rare ectopic location of thyroid tissue is at the base of the tongue (lingual thyroid) The hormone synthesis normally begins at about 11 weeks' gestation. Ref: Harrison, E-18, P-2911 | Medicine | null |
1fd7464c-1eec-4a81-8b3c-9cda82f20777 | Which anti thyroid drug can be safely used in pregnancy | Propylthiouracil | I131 | Methimazole | Carbimazole | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Propylthiouracil This question has been repeated several times before, remember these important pointsAll antithyroid drugs can cross placenta so risk of fetal hypothyroidism and goitre is always thereBoth carbimazole and propylthiouracil can be used during pregnancy, but propylthiouracil is the drug ... | Pharmacology | Anti Thyroid |
826e0cf2-46b2-408b-ab7c-479a5cf49183 | Helper T-cells are primarily involved in - | Cell mediated immunity | Killing virus infected cells | Killing tumor cells | Involved in type II hypersensitivity | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Cell mediated immunity | Microbiology | Immunology |
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