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135
e88ed9a0-c8bc-4c08-8c16-b78f6f5bfffa
Uncinate process is a part of which bone?
Nasal
Ethmoid
Maxilla
Frontal
1b
single
ANSWER: (B) EthmoidREF: Gray's anatomy 40th ed chapter 29, Rhinology and Facial Plastic Surgery By Fred J. Stucker, Chris de Souza, Guy S. Kenyon, Timothy S. Lian, Wolfgang Draf, Bernhard Schick page 502See previous question
Anatomy
Nose
74398c37-0bc2-4c14-bd2a-322fd1f6b35a
Optical urethroplasty is done in ?
Congenital stricture of urethra
Hypospadias
Epispadias
Testicular tumour's
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Congenital stricture of urethra
Surgery
null
07a6bf1e-1fdc-4c8d-9a18-33baece127e2
Confirmatory Test for coliform count?
Eijkman test
Casoni's test
Nitrate test
Urease test
0a
single
Eijkman test or Differential coliform test or Confirmed Escherichia coli count is a test used for the identification of coliform bacteria from warm-blooded animals based on the bacteria's ability to produce gas when grown in glucose media at 46degC (114.8degF). The test to determine whether coliform bacteria come from ...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Environment and health
2083f1d8-391f-483c-9f44-290d2b52bc44
Fever in systemic juvenile Idiopathic ahritis (sJIA) is characteristically?
Quaan fever
Teian fever
Quotidian fever
Continous fever
2c
multi
Fever in systemic juvenile idiopathic ahritis (sJIA) is characteristically quotidian fever. Systemic JIA is characterized by Fever of atleast 2 weeks; quotidian fever- Fever that rises to 39oC (102.2oF) once a day and returns to 37oC(98.6oF) between fever peaks Ahritis in 1 or more joints Rash: Evanescent, salmon-colou...
Pediatrics
Musculoskeletal disorders
9cf11086-017c-45e0-8bbc-35c047b0bd42
A 30 year old male presents with severe pain chest, breathlessness, hypotension and ECG shows ST elevation in V3, V4 V5 and V6 leads. He will be best treated with:
Streptokinase
t-PA
Heparin
PTCA
3d
single
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PCTA or angioplasty) is a procedure that is commonly performed on people with hea disease. This procedure is done to open up the blood vessel to allow the blood to pass through more easily PTCA is a minimally invasive procedure to open up blocked coronary aeries, allowing...
Medicine
C.V.S
67687939-f2be-4168-9d3d-d4282e3df301
Omalizumab is used in treatment of:
Breast carcinoma
Asthma
Rheumatoid ahritis
None of the above
1b
multi
Omalizumab is a blocking antibody that neutralizes circulating IgE without binding to cell-bound IgE; it thus inhibits IgE-mediated reactions. This treatment has been shown to reduce the number of exacerbations in patients with severe asthma and may improve asthma control. However, the treatment is very expensive and o...
Medicine
null
46b8875c-2068-4051-8237-7d7c4e44f7b2
Spironolactone is least commonly used in which of the following: September 2011
Congestive hea failure
Cirrhotic edema
Hypeension
Primary hyperaldosteronism
2c
single
Ans. C: Hypeension As an add-on drug, spironolcatone may be useful in hypeensive patients with significant hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, or glucose intolerance Spironolactone It is a synthetic 17-lactone drug that is a renal competitive aldosterone antagonist in a class of potassium-sparing diuretics It used primarily to...
Pharmacology
null
836590e4-d87b-49a1-889c-5daf6d143ee6
Which drug of anesthetics causes delirium & hallucination
Ketamine
Trilene
Halothane
Trichloroethylenev
0a
multi
A i.e. Ketamine
Anaesthesia
null
e8ed7254-b2fb-402d-a992-fef92e64d5b7
A substance is present in concentration of 2mg% in the afferent arteriole and zero mg% in the efferent. True about the substance is
It is freely filtered in glomerulus
Secreted in cortical nephron
Absorbed in PCT
Impermeable in loop of Henle
0a
multi
Ans. (a) It is freely filtered in glomerulus(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.673)Concentration of 0 mg% means the substance is freely filtered into the bowman's space
Physiology
Kidneys and Body Fluids
a054a69f-5fdc-4d6a-b158-26d878e4efab
Which of the following is not a suppo of the uterus?
Urogenital diaphragm
Pelvic diaphragm
Perineal body
Rectovaginal septum
3d
single
(Refer: Gray's Anatomy, 40th Edition, Chapter. 77)
Anatomy
All India exam
e88581a9-bd93-4c83-9ff2-ca9d28e27700
PO2 over 8kPa is (Hp saturation)
60%
70%
80%
90%
3d
single
PO2 over 8kPa is 90%Ref: Ganong&;s Review of Medical Physiology; 24th edition; page no: 642
Physiology
Respiratory system
b4de3125-ce37-4e6e-84fa-faf1f81e56d8
Gelle&;s test is done in
Otosclerosis
Serous otitis media
Traumatic deafness
Senile deafness
0a
single
Gelle's test: It is also a test of bone conduction and examines the effect of increased air pressure in ear canal on the hearing. Normally, when air pressure is increased in the ear canal by Siegel's speculum, it pushes the tympanic membrane and ossicles inwards, raises the intralabyrinthine pressure and causes immobil...
ENT
Ear
e872c1fb-0521-4b18-bfbb-b60544b78a99
Which of the following statements is true regarding medical aboion?
Ultrasound should be done in all cases
If the patient has an IUCD in-situ, it doesn't need to be removed
Can only be done up to 72 days
Only a person ceified under MTP act can perform medical termination of pregnancy
3d
multi
Ans: D. Only a person ceified under MTP act can perform medical termination of pregnancy(Ref Shaw 16/e 28(, 15/e p244-245, William) 24/e p568).MTP can be performed up to 20 weeks according to MTP act.Ultrasound is not needed in all cases.Only ceified person for MTP act can perform medical termination of pregnancy.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
5a70499c-c2ae-4eb6-bae1-59be3e07df7d
Inferior mesenteric vein drains into vein :
Splenic
Hepatic
Poal
Inf. vena cava
0a
single
A. i.e. Splenic vein Inferior mesenteric vein begins as superior rectal vein & drains into splenic veinQ behind the body of pancreas. Inferior mesenteric vein receives superior rectal, sigmoid & left colic veins.
Anatomy
null
81933b8f-cb69-4f94-93a3-397b899705a8
Tattoing in entry wound of a firearm injury is due to?
Burning
Smoke
Gun powder
Wads
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Gun powder
Forensic Medicine
null
7fe84d82-eb89-4962-8637-5cb60f27769d
In polyaeritis nodosa, aneurysms are seen in all, except:
Kidney
Lung
Liver
Pancreas
1b
multi
Answer is B (Lung): 'PAN (classic PAN) does not involve pulmonary aeries although bronchial vessels may be involved. Aneurysmal dilatation npto 1 cm in size along the involved aeries is characteristic of PAN.r-Harrison 16th/2007. Classical PAN: Review Classical PAN is a multisystem necrotizing vasculitis of small & med...
Medicine
null
6ea4e127-4d49-41b1-bf53-b005cdc58838
Depth of anaesthesia can be best assessed by -
Pulse oximeter
End-tidal pCO2
Bispectral index
Acid blood gas analysis
2c
single
A bispectral index (BIS) monitor is commonly utilized to assess depth of sedation when administering sedative, hypnotic, or anesthetic agents during surgical and medical procedures. The depth of sedation is calculated by measuring cerebral electric activity an electroencephalogram (EEG). The BIS algorithm processes the...
Anaesthesia
General anaesthesia
8d2b6db3-54dd-40d7-a1cd-a48d15b1f81c
In alzhemires which is deficient in coex?
AcH
Serotonin
Dopamine
Noradrenaline
0a
single
AcH REF: Harrison's 17th ed chapter 365 Biochemically, AD is associated with a decrease in the cerebral coical levels of several proteins and neurotransmitters, especially acetylcholine, its synthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase, and nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Reduction of acetylcholine may be related in pa ...
Surgery
null
68d19891-c502-40b1-8552-d042806c08d9
In a larger bruise, the colour changes begins at:
The periphery
From the centre
There is no rule
No colour change
0a
single
In a larger bruise, the colour change stas from periphery (healing of contusion) The contusion regains its normal colour in 1-2 weeks.
Forensic Medicine
Mechanical Injuries
b83c90b9-7029-45fd-8ceb-d88a0d06280e
Acrophobia is:
Getting caught in places from where escape would be difficult
Fear of heights
Fear of animals
Fear of closed spaces
1b
single
B i.e. Fear of heights
Psychiatry
null
8e150450-b4a6-49d4-bb70-b7cdf97927c6
Kayakalp award is given for:
Hospital administration
Hospital hygiene
Leadership
Environmental sanitation
3d
single
Ministry of Health And Family Welfare, Government of India, has launched a national initiative on 15th of May, 2015 to promote cleanliness and enhance the quality of public health facilities. The purpose of this initiative is to appreciate and recognize their effo to create a healthy environment. The name of this initi...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Air, Light, Sound, Housing, Radiation, Waste Disposal
0117cbc3-f09a-4652-a897-805f1a46ad05
Tau protein seen in -
Alzhiemer's disease
Lewy body dementia
Picks disease
Amylodosis
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Alzheimer's disease Alzhiemers diseaseo There is atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes to variable extent and severity,o The pattern of atrophy can often be predicted in part by the clinical symptomatology.o The atrophic regions of cortex are marked by neuronal loss, gliosis, and the presence of tan-c...
Pathology
Neurodegenerative Diseases
9d249050-7212-4ac8-acff-bbae564c464b
Fracture involving both the malleoli is
Cotton's fracture
Potts's f racture
Pirogoff's fracture
Dupuytren's fracture
1b
multi
B i.e. Pott's
Surgery
null
f6e8c36d-97cd-4f40-83f7-a08c00bd0eac
Delayed prolonged bleeding is caused by
Histamine
Leukocyte dependent injury
IL-I
Direct injury to endothelial cells
3d
single
EndotheliumDirect injury to endothelial cells causes delayed prolonged bleeding because, endothelial cells are central regulators of hemostasis, the balance between the anti-and prothrombotic activities of endothelium determines whether thrombus formation, propagation or dissolution occurs.Robbins basic pathology 9th e...
Pathology
General pathology
5ec02923-0b0e-46b8-a7ca-8d2e44156d98
Barium meal follow through is suggestive of:
Tuberculosis
Crohn's disease
Ulcerative colitis
Apple core appearance
3d
single
Ans. (d) Apple core appearance.
Radiology
Abdominal Radiography
9bb0b09a-40cb-4066-b505-9c3d17dc0c9d
ashleys rule is
sex determination using teeth
age determination using sterum
sex determination using sternum
age determination using teeth
2c
single
ashleys rule : sex detrmination by sternum krogmanns accuracy - sexing of adults in humans using pelvis ref : narayanareddy
Forensic Medicine
All India exam
aa142523-d9db-4f0e-afcf-52da7edda7ca
Left ventricular Hyperopy is caused by all, Except:
M.S (Mitral stenosis)
A. S (Aoic Stenosis)
M.R (Mitral Regurgitation)
A. R (Aoic Regurgitation)
0a
multi
Answer is A (Mitral Stenosis) Isolated Mitral Stenosis is not associated with Left Ventricular Hyperophy Isolated Mitral Stenosis is not associated with Left ventricular Hyperophy The burden of Mitral Stenosis (from obstruction of flow across the mitral valve) is received by the left atrium followed by pulmonary circul...
Medicine
null
3aef7868-9e52-4de2-af67-effe018ae35b
The aefact seen in a case of suicidal complete hanging is
Transverse tears in carotids
Oesophageal banding
Dribbling of saliva
Unequal pupils
1b
single
Banding of the oesophagus is an aefact & non specific. These bands are pale areas in the mucosa caused by postmoem hypostasis being prevented from settling by the external pressure of larynx & trachea.
Forensic Medicine
Hanging and strangulation
1a89d96c-44fe-4671-a2e5-51dfc215271f
An inhibitor was designed to block a biologic function in H. influenzae. If the goal of the experiment were to reduce the virulence of H. influenzae, the most likely target would be
Exotoxin liberator
Endotoxin assembly
Flagella synthesis
Capsule formation
3d
single
The major determinant of virulence in H. influenzae is the presence of a capsule. There is no demonstrable exotoxin and the role of endotoxin is unclear. While one would expect that IgA protease would inhibit local immunity, the role of this enzyme in pathogenesis is yet unclear.
Microbiology
Systemic Bacteriology (Haemophilus, Yersinia, Spirochaetes, Ricketssia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Miscellaneous Bacteria)
2c97bac5-2031-4123-8fec-d7daf699e94b
A post graduate trainee could not deliver seminars and presentations, fearing his seniors despite knowing that they are supportive. He has difficulty speaking in front of others and also avoids going to the parties and college outings. The most likely diagnosis is he is suffering from:
Agoraphobia
Depressive disorder
Social phobia
Panic disorder
2c
single
Ans. C. Social phobiaHere the fear is performing in public and there is also avoidance of social situations (i.e. avoidance of parties).
Psychiatry
Anxiety & Stress
acb01513-d7d4-4ce4-94d7-bf176292f593
A full-term baby, exclusively breast fed, at the end of 1 week was passing golden yellow stools and was found to have adequate hydration with the normal systemic examination. The weight of the baby was just the same as it was at birth. The paediatrician should now advise –
Give oral solution with breast feeding
Start tap feeding
Investigate for lactic acidosis
Reassure the mother that nothing is abnormal
3d
single
Loss of weight in the first few days of birth is a normal phenomenon.  -  Nelson . A newborn loses up to 10% of his body weight in the first few days of birth. He regains his birth weight by the age of 10 days. The golden yellow colour of the stool is perfectly normal. " The number colour and consistency of stools may ...
Pediatrics
null
7fe9370f-2250-4180-b3b3-0035f16e514f
What is the function of the following armamentarium?
Field isolation
Dental extraction
Crimping of stainless steel crown
Orthodontic wire bending
0a
single
The figure shows rubber dam, which is used for isolation in oral cavity. It was invented by S.C Barnum – 1864. It has following parts: Sheet Rubber Dam Frame Rubber Dam Clamp/Retainer Rubber Dam Punch Rubber Dam Forceps Rubber Dam Lubricant Rubber Dam Napkin Anchors
Dental
null
f3d9608a-9883-4bbe-aea3-a899a7f077f0
A 5yr old child with diarrahoea, how much ORS is to be given according to plan A after each stool
50 ml
100 ml
200 ml
According to thirst
1b
single
PLAN A : Age Amount of ORS given after each stool amount of ORS to provide for use at home Less than 24 months 50-100ml 500ml/day 2-10 years 100-200 ml 1000ml/day 10 year or more asmuch as wants 2000 ml/day Ref : ESSENTIAL PEDIATRICS,O.P.GHAI,PG NO:264, 7TH EDITION
Pediatrics
Gastrointestinal tract
d1b52b47-6d9f-4937-a6cb-5d2e5c069567
True statement about penicillin G is?
It is administered orally
It has a wide spectrum
It can be used for rate bite fever
Co-administration of probenecid decreases its duration of action
0a
multi
PnG is a narrow spectrum antibiotic; activity is limited primarily to gram-positive bacteria and few others. Penicillin G is acid labile-destroyed by gastric acid. As such, less than 1 /3rd of an oral dose is absorbed in the active form. Absorption of sod. PnG from i.m. site is rapid and complete; peak plasma level is ...
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
8c495548-030c-473c-9d11-365e20c449ad
Which is not a germ cell tumour
Dysgerminoma
Teratoma
Granulosa theca cell tumour
Embryonal cell carcinoma
2c
single
Epithelial Ovarian Tumour Histologic typeSerousMucinousEndometroidClear cell" mesonephroid BrennerMixed epithelial Undifferentiated UnclassifiedCellular type Endosal pineal Endocervical Endometrial Mullerian TransitionalMixedAnaplastic Mesothelioma etc.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Gynaecological oncology
819bd3ae-4e3e-4a00-9abc-2f2e5d9b14bd
Apart from plasmodium, which of the following can infect RBCs in "ring forms"?
Babesia microti
Tyrpanosomas
Schistosomia
Microfilaria
0a
single
Ans. a (Babesia microti). (Ref. Harrison's, Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th ed., pg1232)Babesiosis (B. microti)# Babesiosis is a worldwide protozoan disease of animals that is transmitted by ticks; humans are infected incidentally and initially develop a nonspecific febrile illness that can lead to hemolytic anem...
Microbiology
Parasitology
cd7e6bcb-0d5e-422a-80ef-19879c80e341
A patient taken for surgery was given suxamethonium, following which his body temperature began to rise quickly. Along with this he also developed masseter spasm, tachycardia and arrhythmia. An ABG analysis also revealed that he has hypoxia, hypercarbia and acidosis. What is the mode of inheritance of the condition des...
Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
X linked dominant
X linked recessive
0a
multi
The condition described above is malignant hyperpyrexia and it is inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. It is an emergency and immediate intervention is necessary. All precipitants should be stopped and the surgery postponed. Dantrolene 1 mg/kg IV bolus repeated up to a dose of 10 mg/kg can be given. The body t...
Anaesthesia
null
96c3f813-c1d0-4770-b5e9-fe1f1c528ff0
A 5-year-old boy is taken to his pediatrician for a laceration on his right knee. A mass on his neck is noticed; his mother states it has been there for several months and is slowly getting larger. The mass is slightly to the left of midline. What is the most likely diagnosis? SELECT ONE.Ultrasound of neck. Midline hyp...
Chondroma
Dermoid cyst
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Laryngocele
2c
single
The thyroid develops from the foramen cecum in the tongue and descends to its definitive position in the neck. Failure of the tract to close may result in a thyroglossal duct cyst.
Surgery
Neck
c90203d5-7ade-4ff2-b177-c9bc0015f0c2
Most common cardiac anomaly in Turner\'s syndrome is ?
Coarctation of aorta
Bicuspid aortic valve
Vetricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect
1b
single
Turner's syndrome is commonly associated with congenital heart diseases. The most common anomaly associated is bicuspid Aortic valves in one third to one half of the patients (50%). Other congential anomalies associated with Turner's syndrome → Aortic coarctation (30%), Aortic stenosis, Mitral valve prolapse, Anomalous...
Pediatrics
null
44376d5b-ab09-4ce9-90c7-09a8b908170a
Optokinetic nystagmus is due to defect in
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
3d
single
Optokinetic nystagmus constitutes of saccadic and pursuit movements. Defect in OKN indicates parietal lobe lesion.
Ophthalmology
null
72ec70ec-fc38-4ec8-9afb-e620b942c3d4
Best indicator for coronary aery disease
HDL
LDL
VLDL
Chlomicron
1b
single
Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for development of atheroscerosis The main cholesterol component associated with increased risk is LDL (bad cholesterol) Robbins 9th edition page no. 336
Pathology
Cardiovascular system
3c8a7513-1c70-4e72-9406-c2370b1cea39
Telecanthus is aEUR'
Narrow medial epicanthus
Widely separated medial orbital wall
Lateral epicanthal fold thickened
Increase in intercanthal distance with normal interpupillary distance
3d
multi
Increase in intercanthal distance with normal interpupillary distance Telecanthus is the congenital condition in which there is increased distance b/w the medial canthi or angles of the eyelids. The interpupillary distance (IPD) remains normal. (If a veical line is drawn through lacrimal punctum it will cut cornea as s...
Ophthalmology
null
4c49da46-ede8-4efd-a39d-864a7a903b4f
All of the following factors evaluate the chances of amputation in a limb, except
Age
B.P
Velocity of trauma
Presence of infection
3d
multi
D i.e. Presence of infection Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) can be used as predictor of eventual amputation versus limb salvageQ. Higher the score lower the chances of salvage i.e. higher score has higher chances of amputation. However recent studies have shown it to be inaccurate in predicting the functional ...
Surgery
null
3e5a2e35-214d-4fdb-9bee-5ca14bcc6f3e
One of the following disorders is due to maternal disomy
Prader Willi syndrome
Angelman syndrome
Hydatidi form mole
Klinefelter syndrome
0a
single
ref Robbins 9/e p173 Matetnal disomy is associated with disorders like prader Willi syndrome, angelman syndrome.
Anatomy
General anatomy
b6b91d49-7a30-4a9a-91e6-b2f20341470c
Normal Curvature seen in Lumbar
Lordosis
Kyphosis
Scoliosis
Recurvatum
0a
single
* Normal curvature of spine:Lordosis(concavity) ? cervical spine, lumbar spineKyphosis (convexity) ? thoracic & sacral spine * Causes of | lumbar lordosis: (excessive posterior concavity)- Spondylolisthesis- Obesity / Osteoporosis- Achondroplasia- Postural* Scoliosis -abnormal lateral curvature of veebral column * Kyph...
Orthopaedics
AIIMS 2018
7ecd4020-88fb-4434-bac0-bff289b5952c
Although more than 400 blood groups have been identified, the ABO blood group system remains the most important in clinical medicine because. :
It was the first blood group system to be discovered.
It has four different blood groups A, B, AB, O(H).
ABO (H) antigens are present in most body tissues and fluids.
ABO (H) antibodies are invariably present in plasma when a person RBC lacks the corresponding antigen.
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e. ABO (H) antibodies are invariably present in plasma when persons RBC lacks the corresponding antigen [Ref: Guyton 20th/e, p 414; Journal of Hematology: the clinical use of blood (World Health Organization Blood Transfusion Safety)The basic difference between ABO blood group system and other blood group...
Physiology
Blood: Transfusion and Organ Transplantation
182374eb-ccce-485e-9f4e-e8d9ddb97a83
ABO antigens are not found in:
Semen
Plasma
Sweat
CSF
3d
single
Ans: D (CSF) Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by KS Narayan Reddy. 29th edition. 2010Explanation:ABO antigensABO antigens are found in high concentration in saliva, semen, vaginal and gastric secretions.They are found in low titres in sweat, tears and urine.Totally absent in nerve tissue, epithel...
Forensic Medicine
Biological Materials & Stains
ed531026-7cc8-4087-bc94-e0c3977f74b8
All the following are true regarding HIV transmission, from mother to infant, except:
Nevirapine prophylaxis is used for the prevention of veical transmission
Zidovudine should be given to both pregnant women and infants
Emergency CS increases the chance of transmission
Avoid breast feeding
2c
multi
In the sho course prophylactic antiretroviral (ARV) regimens Nevirapine is given to mother at the onset of labour and within 72 hours to child cesarean section decreases the transmission of HIV.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
5c1b34e7-0cf0-4031-8712-4915dbe85dde
Aoic valve closure corresponds to the beginning of:September 2011
Systole
Parasystole
Isovolumetric relaxation
Isovolumetric contraction
2c
single
Ans. C: Isovolumetric relaxationCardiac DiastoleIt is the period of time when the hea relaxes after contraction in preparation for refilling with circulating blood.During ventricular diastole, the pressure in the (left and right) ventricles drops from the peak that it reaches in systole.When the pressure in the left ve...
Physiology
null
b7e148a7-ab2d-443e-b0f2-6c09fa881fe2
In which stage of filariasis are microfilaria seen in peripheral blood -
Tropical eosinophilia
Early adenolymphagitis stage
Late adenolymphangitis stage
Elephantiasis
1b
single
Microfilaria appear in large numbers in peripheral blood at night Blood film should be made at night between 10 pm and 2 am (refer pgno:168 baveja 3rd edition)
Microbiology
parasitology
b85589fe-cc44-487c-808a-aa799167110e
Diameter of female urethra is:
3 mm
4 mm
5 mm
6 mm
3d
single
Female urethraIt is about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) to 2 inches (5.1 cm) long and exits the body between the clitoris and the vagina, extending from the internal to the external urethral orifice.Its diameter when undilated is about 6 mm.
Anatomy
null
bd621174-07e9-4af5-89da-25ce267bb233
All of the following effects are produced by mu opioid receptor except ?
Tachycardia
Miosis
Sedation
Euphoria
0a
multi
Effects of Mu opioid receptor activation results in S- Sedation A- Analgesia C- Constipation R- Respiratory depression U- eUphoria M- Miosis
Pharmacology
Opioids and Alcohols
44a325aa-8b46-49ba-9fd5-4d79cad6bb5d
Para amino benzoic acid in breast milk prevents the infection of
Plasmodium vivax
Kleibsella-pneumonia
Giardia
E.coli
0a
single
Para-amino-benzoic acid(PABA) of breast milk provides protection against malaria.Ref: Page 97; Ghai essential pediatrics; 6th edition
Pediatrics
Nutrition
7a99a4c3-578d-4e15-b2aa-a82835880a79
Subterminal spores are found in-
Clostridium sordelli
Clostridium sporogenes
Clostridium difficile
All
3d
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Clostridium sordelli; 'b' i.e., Clostridium sporogenes; 'c' i.e., Clostridium difficile
Microbiology
null
adfb47b8-d96c-4e96-8ada-389755a65d4e
All of the following increase at full term in pregnancy except:
Minute volume
GFR
Blood volume
Cardiac output
3d
multi
Ans: D. Cardiac output(Ref Dutta 8/e p60-61, 7/e p51-53; Williams 24/e p59)Cardiac output increases from the fifth week of pregnancy and reaches its maximum levels at approximately 32 weeks, after which there is only a slight increase until labor, delivery, and the postpaum period
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
8783cc75-4573-4f81-bf2a-4b51e452531e
A 50-year-old male patient having a history of chronic smoking presents with a single lymph node enlargement and hoarseness of voice. The next line of management is:
FNAC
IDL with CXR
Percutaneous biopsy
Advise him very seriously to stop smoking
2c
single
Ans. Percutaneous biopsy
Radiology
null
dda4d7ed-1f10-48ec-b8ba-a0485fc00f41
If only one terminal aldehyde group of glucose is oxidized, the product is -
Glucuronic acid
Gluconic acid
Gluchosaccharic acid
Gluconalactone
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Gluconic acid Oxidation of sugaro When aldose sugars are oxidized they may form three different sugar acid, depending upon oxidation of aldehyde group (at C-l) or terminal alcohol group (at C-6).i) Aldonic acid:- Oxidation of an aldose with hypobromous acid (HOBr) oxidises only aldehyde group and conv...
Biochemistry
Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Amino sugars, and Mucopolysaccharides
30bb2c6d-fa2b-4bef-bebf-804b6091515c
The water cane in the larynx (saccules) are present in
Laryngeal ventricles
Reinke's space
Paraglottic space
Pyriform fossa
0a
single
Ventricle (sinus of larynx):- It is a deep elliptical space between vestibular and vocal folds, also extending a sho distance above and lateral to vestibular fold. The saccule is a diveiculum of mucous membrane which stas from the anterior pa of ventricular cavity and extends upwards between vestibular folds and lamina...
ENT
Larynx
7b881aaa-63a8-43dd-982a-0dd2c550a643
MC sarcoma in infancy is -
Leiomyosarcoma
Ewing's sarcom
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., RhabdomyosarcomaRhabdomyosarcomao The most common soft tissue sarcoma in children is rhabdomyosarcoma.The common site of involvement are:o Head & Neck (25%) -Most commono Genitourinary (22%) - 2nd most commono Extremitieso Retroperitoneum.o Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common nonocular orbital tumor i...
Pediatrics
Soft Tissue Sarcomas
68852d3c-e075-4955-a750-4c16367516c4
Gangrene due to known infectious agents:
Wet
Dry
Pyodermatous gangrene
Mourner’s gangrene
0a
single
In case of superimposed bacterial infection, coagulative necrosis is modified by the liquefactive action of the bacteria and the attracted leukocytes (resulting in so-called wet gangrene)
Pathology
null
1522a6a9-7f1b-4cb2-ac56-8d0eaca90661
Monteggia fracture is a:
Fracture of atlas
Fracture of radial styloid
Fracture of proximal 1/3 of ulna with dislocation of proximal radioulnar joint
Fracture of distal 1/3 of radius with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint
2c
single
Fractures between the proximal third of the ulna and the base of olecranon combined with dislocation of the proximal radio-ulnar joint. Direction of dislocation of radial head is used for classification. Bado's classification is used to classify monteggia fracture
Orthopaedics
Ohopaedics Q Bank
c28dbc39-9b94-4ee4-8e9a-57aacbb2495f
Treatment of choice for fracture shaft femur in a 4 years old child
Gallow's traction
Hip spica
Russel traction
Intramedullary nail
2c
multi
*0-2 years : skin traction - gallow&;s traction / Bryant&;s traction * 2-10 years : most femoral fracture is seen in this group .here split Russell traction is useful *10-15 years : 90-90degfemoral skeletal traction or hip spica or both * adults - traction : skin/skeletal & cast bracing Surgery - intramedullary nails c...
Orthopaedics
Thigh, Knee,Leg,Foot & Ankle injuries
47e4851c-0c9c-46ac-8ee2-88b496a2e834
Shaking palsy is associated with poisoning with -
Lead
Mercury
Arsenic
Strontium
1b
single
Concussio mercuralis (shaking palsy) is seen in mercury poisoning.
Forensic Medicine
null
983624e6-7a5b-420c-8bd8-c7684f295193
Acute bilirubin encephalopathy is characterized by all except
Poor feeding
Lethargy
Hypertonia
Abnormal auditory evoked responses
2c
multi
Acute bilirubin encephalopathy is characterized by hypotonia.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
97767e08-5979-4cfe-be72-4962f9a84e13
A lady came with unilateral white skin lesions with leukotrichia. Shows 2 white spots 1 x 1cm each over left side of chin and neck. Diagnosis?
Segmental vitiligo
Piebaldism
Waardenburg's syndrome
Regional vitiligo
0a
single
.
Dental
All India exam
c294ded8-a328-43b0-855d-15a3ac6b1ed9
ADHD in childhood can lead to what in future -a) Schizophreniab) Alcoholism c) Intellectual changesd) Antisocial behaviour
abc
acd
bcd
bd
2c
single
ADHD patients are vulnerable to antisocial behavior, substance use disorders (alcoholism), mood disorders, conduct disorder, and lower education attainments.
Psychiatry
null
23ad3541-be9f-47d9-a984-19095fdd5e2f
POPs carry a risk of:
Hypertension
Embolism
Irregular bleeding
Ectopic pregnancy
3d
single
Ans. is d, i.e. Ectopic pregnancyRef: William Gynae 3rd/ed, pl27Irregular bleeding is a side effect of POPs. They carry an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy (if failure of method occurs)Other drawbacks:* Increased rate of failure as compared to OCPs* Increased chances of developing functional ovarian cyst.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Contraceptives
fce35113-0788-44b2-9d15-f868f68ccb5f
Which of the following chemotherapy agent can cause SIADH?
Vincristine
Doxorubicin
Dacarbazine
Cyclophosphamide
0a
single
Neoplasms: Carcinoma - lung, duodenum, pancreas, ovary, Mesothelioma, Branchial adenoma, Carcinoid, Ewing sarcoma Head trauma Infections- Pneumonia, Abscess (lung or brain), Cavitation (aspergillosis), TB (lung or brain), Meningitis (Bacterial or viral) Encephalitis, AIDS Vascular: Cerebrovascular occlusions, hemorrhag...
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
4995ed06-3ca2-49b3-9aa5-66a7ac67af18
Periphery of retina is visualized by:
Indirect ophthalmoscopy
Direct ophthalmoscopy
Goniocopy
Contact lens
0a
single
A i.e. Indirect opthalmoscopy - Area of retina visualized by direct ophthalmoscopy is 2disc dioptersQ and by indirect ophthalmoscopy is 8 DD. Peripheral retina is visualized by indirect opthalmoscopy Q and biomicroscopy examination by Goldmann's three mirror contact lens.Q
Ophthalmology
null
5007ba16-4a50-4da7-a156-6ee4cc831606
The positive inotropic effect of digitalyzers is due to invitation of Na+/K+ ATPase pump in cardiac muscle cell membrane leading to
Decrease the activity of Na+/Ca+ exchanger causing decrease the influx of sodium and decreased efflux of Ca++ in the sarcolemma
Decreased efflux of Na+ leading to less negative resting membrane potential and opening of voltage gated Ca+ + channels on the T tubules
Increased intracellular Na+ causing increased efflux of any place and increase the influx of Ca + + through Na+/ Ca + + exchanges in sarcolemma
Increased intracellular Na+ decreasing the activity of Ca + + pump in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
0a
single
Ref-Goodman and Gillman 12/e p802,803 The positive inotropic effect of digitalis is due to inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase pump in cardiac muscle cell membrane leading to decreased activity of Na+/Ca++ exchanger causing decrease the influx of sodium and decreased efflux of CA++ in the sarcolemma
Pharmacology
Cardiovascular system
e56c7920-87c3-45a0-9f65-55baa2b5ad5d
A 58-year-old male bricklayer is admitted to the hospital with severe pain that radiates from his lower back to the pubic region. Ultrasound examination reveals that a kidney stone is partially obstructing his right ureter; the examination also indicates the presence of a second ureter on the right side. Which of the f...
Failure of ureteric bud to form
Early splitting of the ureteric bud
Failure of urorectal septum to develop
Persistent urachus
1b
multi
The ureteric bud is responsible for the development of the ureter, and thus an early splitting of the ureteric bud would result in formation of a second ureter on the ipsilateral side. Failure of the ureteric bud to form would cause a complete absence of the ureter, whereas failure of the ureteric bud to branch occurs ...
Anatomy
Abdomen & Pelvis
13c8d765-001b-4f1f-bb78-e3c14947d9cf
Most accurate measurement of extracellular fluid volume (ECF) can be done by using :
Sucrose.
Mannitol.
Inulin.
Aminopyrine
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e. Inulin First let's see different types of body fluid.Extracellular fluid - It is a general term for all the body fluids outside the cells.It consists ofInterstitial fluidPlasmaLymphCerebrospinal fluidIntracellular fluidPortion of total body fluid which are within the cell membranesMeasurement of body f...
Physiology
Body Fluids
56a0a7dc-dfbf-4420-975b-812f22edce98
Not true about hemorrhoids:
First degree-no prolapsed
Excision for externo-internal piles
Third degree-no surgery
Conservative treatment in first degree
2c
multi
Ans. (c) Third degree-no surgeryRef: Sabiston 19th Edition, Pages 1387-1391* Third degree hemorrhoids will have mass protruding out of anal orifice and needs to be reduced manually. The best treatment for 3rd and 4th degree is surgery.
Surgery
Rectum
2ebac46c-8926-401d-ad1d-82c55d2c71d9
A 36 year–old factory worker developed itchy, annular scaly plaques in both groins. Application of a corticosteroid ointment led to temporary relief but the plaques continued to extend at the periphery.The most likely diagnosis is –
Erythema annulare centrifugum
Granuloma annulare
Annular lichen planus
Tinea cruiris
3d
multi
Tinea cruiris is dermatophytic infection of groin. Presence of bilateral, annular scaly plaques in the groin, itching and unresponsiveness to steroids and peripheral extension, all suggest the diagnosis of Tinea cruris.
Dental
null
883f4802-624e-417e-8fc3-293a76a3c863
The treatment of congenital glaucoma is-
Essentially topical medications
Trabeculoplasty
Trabeculotomy with trabeculectomy
Cyclocryotherapy.
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e. Trabeculectomy with trabeculectomy Treatment of congenital glaucoma:Treatment of congenital glaucoma is primarily surgical. However I.O.P. must be lowered by the following agents till surgery is doneHyper osmotic agentsAcetazolamideb Blockers Surgical procedures: -GoniotomyTrabeculectomyCombined trabec...
Unknown
null
8cffcbb1-bd62-4fcd-b075-f4c60150da94
In a stable situation
Incidence = Prevalence x Duration
Prevalence = Incidence x Duration
Incidence = Prevalence + Duration
Prevalence = Incidence + Duration
1b
single
Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 61 Prevalence = Incidence x Duration
Social & Preventive Medicine
Epidemiology
adeb54aa-4eeb-4c35-8d87-44d3b7938d37
Nails are formed in which week of IUL ___________
0-6 week
10-12 week
14-18 week
20-24 week
1b
single
Around week 11, the nail beds (the layer of cells underneath the fingernails and toe nails) begin to form; then in the second trimester, tiny nails will sprout up. There&;s nothing you can do to speed up, improve or impact the development of your little one&;s skin, hair and nails. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics,...
Pediatrics
Growth and development
bdc11d66-8aca-4209-bdba-d29d7bc78bc1
White pupillary reflex is seen in: March 2005
Retrolental fibroplasia
Complete retinal detachment
Retinoblastoma
All of the above
3d
multi
Ans. D: All of the above Leukocoria is an abnormal white reflection from the retina of the eye. Leukocoria is a medical sign for a number of conditions: Coats disease Congenital cataracts Corneal scarring Melanoma of the ciliary body Norrie disease Ocular toxocariasis Persistence of the tunica vasculosa lentis (PFV/PHP...
Ophthalmology
null
a105562f-8899-4daa-83b9-1dfe0dbbf19e
Retinoblastoma arises from:
Layer of rods and cones
Layer of bipolar cells
Ganglion cells layers
Any nucleated retinal layer
3d
single
Ans. Any nucleated retinal layer
Ophthalmology
null
7ba82620-8ac3-4ab3-8f91-69a31dc30979
Sign of chronic inflammation -
Angiogenesis
Purulent exudate
Induration
Edema
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Angiogenesis Chronic inflammation is characterized byo Infiltration with mononuclear cells, which include - macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cellso Tissue destruction, induced - the persistent offending agent or by the inflammatory cellso Attempts at healing - connective tissue replacement of damag...
Pathology
Cellular Pathology
8ce986e7-8e35-472b-a758-060d971764c2
The drug having higher concentration in the bone:
Piperacillin
Vancomycin
Clindamycin
Paramomycin
2c
single
Poor bone penetration. - B lactams - Vancomycin - Aminoglycoside Good bone penetration (Higher concentration in Bone) * Tetracycline * Macrolide * Clindamycin
Pharmacology
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
eb12b769-0bec-4078-a7b0-741758793c05
Which of the following is not an appropriate investigation for anterior urethral stricture?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Retrograde urethrogram
Micturating cystourethrogram
High frequency ultrasound
0a
single
A i.e. MRI Radiological Investigation for urethral stricture Retrograde urethrographyQ -It should not be done within 3-4 weeks of significant urethral trauma (can cause extravasation of the dye into the spongy tissue, lymphatics & veins of pelvis). -Mainstay of investigation.
Radiology
null
e40760c3-5e21-42e5-a03c-710390abee33
A 58-year-old man with cirrhosis complains of worsening fatigue and confusion over the past 5 days. He also reports that over the past 48 hours he has had a declining urinary output. On examination, he is gaunt and jaundiced. He has tense ascites and a liver span of 7 cm in the midclavicular line. Lab result reveal a W...
Large volume paracentesis
Hemodialysis
Mesocaval shunt
Liver transplantation
3d
single
This patient with well advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension has developed the onset of renal insufficiency consistent with hepatorenal syndrome. This occurs during the end stages of cirrhosis and is characterized by diminished urine output and low urinary sodium. In the setting of end-stage liver disease, renal v...
Unknown
null
2b9e4d2e-9a13-4a28-922b-c4b955d13291
The most commonly used myocutaneous pedicle graft for pelvis surgeries contains muscle segments from -
Rectus abdominis muscle
External oblique muscle
Internal oblique muscle
Transversus abdominis muscle
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rectus abdominis muscle * Grafts used for reconstructive operations in the pelvis are skin grafts, which are full or partial thickness, or myocutaneous grafts which are composed of full thickness of the skin, its associated subcutaneous tissue and a portion of closely associated muscle.* The most freq...
Surgery
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
45ef233f-9d12-4660-9f09-7df539add508
Microfilariae of the following parasites are found in blood except -
Brugia malayi
Loa Loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Wuchereria bancrofti
2c
multi
produces onchocerciasis Adult worm may occur in subcutaneous nodules Nodules are painless (refer pgno:173 baveja 3 rd edition)
Microbiology
parasitology
b616fbe9-4ef1-46e3-8355-6edcb8b88934
The failure rate per HWY of Pearl index is given by
x 1200
x 2400
x 1200
x 2400
2c
single
The Pearl index is defined as the number of failures per 100 women-years of exposure . This rate is given by the formula:Failure rate per HWY: x 1200The factor 1200 is the number of months in 100yearsRef: PArk; 23rd ed; Pg 510
Social & Preventive Medicine
Demography and family planning
23ea11bf-60fd-4ee6-971f-6b054dd04572
A 25yr old female presents with anemia and jaundice since 2 years. On examination her spleen is enlarged. Peripheral smear showed presence of spherocytes. Which of the following investigation is used in diagnosing this condition?
Osmotic fragility test
Coombs test
Reticulocyte count
Bone marrow aspiration
1b
single
Young female with 2 years history of anemia and peripheral smear showing spherocytes points towards the diagnosis of autoimmune haemolytic anemia (AIHA). In the above question age, gender and history of patient ours AIHA. Most impoant differential diagnosis for AIHA is hereditary spherocytosis. Diagnosis of hereditary ...
Pathology
null
f3360117-c12d-4bfd-bf76-16fc970cd293
In thymus, which gene is responsible for recognition of self-antigens?
NOTCH 1
AIRE
Rb
PTEN
1b
single
Immunologic tolerance is the phenomenon of unresponsiveness to an antigen induced by exposure of lymphocytes to that antigen. A protein called AIRE (autoimmune regulator) stimulates expression of some "peripheral tissue-restricted" self-antigens in the thymus It is critical for deletion or negative selection of immatur...
Pathology
Auto Immune Disorders Introduction
7d0f29fe-5cf8-4ae7-bd49-b4d0b8370aff
Contraindications to tranexamic acid in management of heavy menstrual bleeding are all except
Concurrent combined oral contraceptives use
Colour blindness
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Intermenstrual bleeding
3d
multi
Intermenstrual bleeding is not a contraindication to use of tranexamic acid.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
31f72d71-827a-454c-893f-ad60f2b4066c
The following are associated with endocytosis:
Clathrin
Megalin
SNARE proteins
Both 1 and 2
3d
multi
Endocytosis is mediated by clathrin and megalin SNARE proteins are associated with exocytosis Both are active vesicular transpo systems
Anatomy
General anatomy
3c25a0ea-43bf-4ca6-bfa5-1c87c0d3e440
Which of the following is the very first step in Functional endoscopic sinus surgery?
Opening of bulla ethmoidalis
Uncinectomy
Middle meatal antrostomy
Middle turbinectomy
1b
multi
Surgical technique After suitable vasoconstriction using cocaine or ephedrine, the middle turbinate is identified. This is the most important landmark for the procedure. On the lateral wall of the nose at the level of the anterior end of the middle turbinate lies the uncinate process. This is removed, exposing the eth...
ENT
null
49fc3ec1-3f85-4bdc-93da-0e223ecfa3d7
Charles Phillips procedure?
Small bowel atresia
Meconium ileus
Recurrent small bowel obstruction
Sigmoid volvulus
2c
multi
Ans. C. Recurrent small bowel obstruction. (Ref LB 25th pg. 1198)Rx of acute intestinal obstruction# GI drainage# Fluid and electrolyte replacement# Relief of obstruction# Surgical Rx is necessary for most cases of intestinal obstruction but should be delayed until resuscitation is complete, provided there is no sign o...
Surgery
Small & Large Intestine
5043c26c-7e82-45c7-b230-6cb1b02e741d
The most common infectious agent associated with chronic pyelonephritis is:
Proteus vulgaris
Klebsiella pneumonia
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
3d
single
. Escherichia coli
Pathology
null
7548303b-7dc1-421d-a836-782b8f6e36c0
The following factors shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right, except
Hypoxia
Acidosis
Increase in 2, 3-DPG
Alkalosis
3d
multi
Oxygen saturation curve Physiology A curve that describes the relationship between Hb O2 saturation and tension; defined by a sigmoid curve which reflects the interaction of the 4 Hb molecules involved in O2 uptake, transpo and release; a &;right shift&; of the curve indicates | Hb affinity for O2, as occurs in | pH-ie...
Physiology
Respiratory system
1b99d41f-5807-483d-886d-e764e9e39a6e
Drugs that are administered IV are
Rapidly absorbed
Subject to first-pass metabolism
100% bioavailable
All of the above
2c
multi
ABSORPTION Absorption is movement of the drug from its site of administration into the circulation.Except when given i.v., the drug has to cross biological membranes. Bioavailability of drug injected i.v. is 100%. parenteral Conventionally, parenteral refers to administration by injection which takes the drug directly ...
Pharmacology
General pharmacology
71e5904f-9ba8-4f1d-9f62-0b0cddaa5290
A hymenal tag in a newborn is best treated by -
Steroids
Surgery
Leaving it alone
None of the above
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Leaving it alone Hymenal tags around margins of hymen is normal finding.
Pediatrics
null
155fff64-5ec3-44f0-a1d3-9904261c7af4
Earliest immune response is by -
IgM
IgG
IgA
IgE
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., IgMo The antibody response to an initial antigenic stimulus differes qualitatively and quantitatively from the response to subsequent stimuli with same antigeno Former is called primary response and the latter secondary response :a) Primary response# Primary immne response refers to the first encounte...
Microbiology
Anitibody
5cc0ef5c-03c9-4304-9996-7e8c2146913d
All are TRUE about thyroid gland, EXCEPT:
Development stas at 3rd week of gestation
It develops from the floor of the primitive pharynx
Ectopic location of the thyroid gland is at the base of the tongue
Thyroid hormone synthesis begins at 20th week of gestation
3d
multi
The thyroid develops from the floor of the primitive pharynx during the third week of gestation. Rare ectopic location of thyroid tissue is at the base of the tongue (lingual thyroid) The hormone synthesis normally begins at about 11 weeks' gestation. Ref: Harrison, E-18, P-2911
Medicine
null
1fd7464c-1eec-4a81-8b3c-9cda82f20777
Which anti thyroid drug can be safely used in pregnancy
Propylthiouracil
I131
Methimazole
Carbimazole
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Propylthiouracil This question has been repeated several times before, remember these important pointsAll antithyroid drugs can cross placenta so risk of fetal hypothyroidism and goitre is always thereBoth carbimazole and propylthiouracil can be used during pregnancy, but propylthiouracil is the drug ...
Pharmacology
Anti Thyroid
826e0cf2-46b2-408b-ab7c-479a5cf49183
Helper T-cells are primarily involved in -
Cell mediated immunity
Killing virus infected cells
Killing tumor cells
Involved in type II hypersensitivity
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Cell mediated immunity
Microbiology
Immunology