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135
1338e1ed-d369-4cc7-849d-4410cf9e917c
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism world-wide?
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Subacute thyroiditis
Silent thyroiditis
Iodine deficiency
3d
single
Most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide is IODINE DEFICIENCY In case of Iodine sufficiency most common cause of hypothyroidism : Autoimmune disease (Hashimoto Thyroiditis) and iatrogenic.
Medicine
Diseases of Thyroid
3eb19436-ce11-4391-90c7-e5e5b2cdb4cd
TIPSS is used in all except
Refractory ascites
BCS
Hepatopulmonary syndrome
Refractory hepatic hydrothorax
2c
multi
TIPSS is contraindicated in Hepatopulmonary syndrome Contraindications of TIPSS Absolute Right sided hea failure Polycystic liver disease Pulmonary hypeension Hepatopulmonary syndrome Relative Poal vein thrombosis Hypervascular liver tumors Encephalopathy Ref:Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1439
Anatomy
G.I.T
74ad35fb-4a7c-4f14-905e-1f9662b7a4d9
Advantages of ultrasound nuchal translucency over biochemical screening for Down syndrome include:
Uses transvaginal approach
More consistent measurements than lab tests
Better in multiple gestation
Wide gestational age range
2c
single
Ans. C. Better in multiple gestationThe ultrasound nuchal translucency (NT) is now appreciated as a sensitive marker for Down syndrome and other aneuploidies between 10 and 13 weeks. Outside that range, the NT disappears. Although some centers have had superb results, others have not done well. Blood free -hCG and PAPP...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Diagnosis in Obstetrics
bd9fcdb7-0a4c-4580-8604-eb5a1eff9562
Window period is defined as the time taken from:
Entry of pathogen to appearance of first clinical symptoms
Exposure to laboratory detection of disease
Entry in cell to expulsion of first viral particle
Entry to maximum communicability
1b
single
Ans. b. Exposure to laboratory detection of disease (Ref: Park 23/e p99, 22./e p95)Window period is defined as the time taken from Exposure to laboratory detection of disease."Window Period: Time between first infection & when the test can reliably detect that infection." Disease Transmission: DefinitionsWindow period*...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Infectious Disease Epidemiology
1d936fde-a148-4961-979e-e55d26265495
All the following are contraindications for Cu containing IUCD's except
Wilson's disease
Pregnancy
Undiagnosed genital bleeding
Ischemic hea disease
3d
multi
Medical eligibility criteria for initiation and continuation of intrauterine devicesWHO category 1No restriction of useSmokingObesityBreastfeedingIschemic hea diseaseSTrokeHypeensionPost Aboion first trimesterMigraine with or without auraDiabetesThyroid disordersLiver/gallbladder diseaseWHO category 2Advantages outweig...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Contraception
39e27109-af78-48ec-b905-43c7f0f6a81e
All of the following are true regarding Bells palsy is all except:
Herpes simplex virus is commonly implicated
Steroids are the treatment of choice
Unilateral facial weakness
Immediate nerve decompression is required
3d
multi
Ans. d. Immediate nerve decompression is required (Ref: Dhingra 4th/94-95)Immediate nerve decompression is not required in Bell's palsy, initially steroids are given and recovery occurs in 85-90% cases. Nerve decompression relieves pressure on the nerve fibers and improves the microcirculation of nerve, done in non-res...
ENT
Facial Nerve And Its Disorders
7ab18252-8bbc-4c83-b6b4-1425f765f5f1
Persistence of omphalomesenteric duct is (JIPMER May 2019)
Gastroschisis
Omphalocele
Meckel's diveiculum
Ectopia vesicae
2c
single
- Omphalomesenteric duct present inside the umbilical cord of baby is also called as vitello-intestinal duct * Yolk sac - forms gut tube (foregut, midgut & hindgut) * Midgut would be communicating with yolk sac by a duct called vitello-intestinal duct * This duct would be obliterated in course of time; if not results i...
Anatomy
JIPMER 2019
125904e2-71bc-4806-b1a0-aca8ba9c05b0
Surest proof of antemoem burn is
Heat rupture
Presence of soots beyond the tracheal bifurcation
Blackening of bones
Clean laryngeal airway
1b
single
In case of burns, if death has occurred from suffocation,aspirated blackish coal paicles are seen in the nose,mouth,larynx,trachea,bronchi,oesophagus and stomach, and blood is cherry red. Presence of carbon paicles especially in the terminal bronchioles and an elevated CO saturation together are absolute proof that the...
Forensic Medicine
Death and postmortem changes
b2a18906-f5c3-46be-86f8-bfd4c7d9f7b3
A 6 year old boy has a history of recurrent dislocation of the right shoulder. On examination, the orthopedician puts the patient in the supine position and abducts his arm to 90 degrees with the bed as the fulcrum and then externally rotates it but the boy does not allow the test to be performed. The test done by the ...
Apprehension test
Sulcus test
Dugas test
MC Murray's test
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' ie apprehension test Apprehension sign :This is a test to detect an unstable shoulder.The shoulder is abducted and externally rotated.As the examiner loads the shoulder along the long axis of the arm, the pt. becomes apprehensive, and tries to resist any further movement by using his hand or by making the s...
Orthopaedics
Dislocation of Shoulder
26c725f5-13be-45fd-9f43-928281fb1d69
For the following statements, select whether it is applicable to any or all of the below medications.Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme I (ACE I)
hydralazine
enalapril
spironolactone
metoprolol
1b
multi
Enalapril may exert its effect by inhibiting formation of angiotensin II. This lowers systemic vascular resistance. In addition, ACE inhibitors have a natriuretic effect by inhibition of aldosterone secretion. They have been shown to improve mortality and decrease hospitalization in patients with CHF.
Medicine
C.V.S.
8ddd5327-945c-4745-b0cf-9cfd6ca1829a
Which of the following is derived from both ectoderm and mesoderm?
Suprarenal gland
Kidney
Pancreas
Spleen
0a
multi
Adrenal The adrenal gland consists of a superficial Coex and a deeper medulla .the cells of the coex arise from the coelomic epithelium(mesoderm). the cells of the medulla are derived from the neural crest(ectoderm) HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY-INDERBIR SINGH TENTH EDITION-PAGE NO:353
Anatomy
General anatomy
b4c3964b-33a6-4a3b-8d9a-f662e2a1f8a6
Vitamin A is present in all of the following sources of diet, EXCEPT:
Sunflower seeds
Egg
Milk
Tomato
0a
multi
Sunflower seeds are unusually rich in B complex vitamins. Sunflower seeds also contain a potent antioxidant team of selenium and vitamin E and are significantly deficient in vitamin A. There are two sources of dietary vitamin A. The first, or active form (retinol), is immediately available to the body and can be obtain...
Biochemistry
null
aab4c2c8-d4de-4038-a123-78efc34381bb
All are true about carcinoma palate except
Bilateral lymph spread
Adenocarcinoma
Slow growing
Presents with pain
3d
multi
Carcinoma of the hard pate is either squamous or glandular variety. Glandular variety arises from minor salivary glands and it can be of following varieties. a) Adenoid Cystic b) Mucoepidermoid c) Adenocarcinoma (a common site for minor salivary gland tumours is the junction of the hard and soft palate) Clinical featur...
Surgery
Head and neck
18b35cee-37e3-40ba-b6f0-15e6a64906fd
Fondaparinux is an anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting
Factor Xa more than factor II
Both factor Xa and factor II equally
Only factor Xa
Only factor II
2c
multi
Fondaparinux is a synthetic congener of Heparin containing only active pentasaccharide unit and inhibits only Xa. It doesn't inhibit thrombin (factor II a).
Pharmacology
null
1cf785de-8f8d-4201-aa19-b0bcdf6681f9
Purandare's cervicopexy is done in :
Incompetent cervix
Elongated cervix
Missed IUD
Congenital prolapse of uterus
3d
single
Ans. is d i.e. Congenital prolapse of uterus Cervicopexy or sling operation (Purandare's operation) Indicated in congenital or nulliparous prolapse without cystocele where the cervix is pulled up mechanically through abdominal route. Strips of rectus sheath of either side passed extraperitoneally and stitched to the po...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
9ba75433-9e4c-40de-82fb-c0b4743421fb
The tensile strength of the wound stas and increase after
Immediate suture of the wound
3 to 4 days
7 to 10 days
6 months
2c
single
Wound Strength Carefully sutured wounds have approximately 70% of the strength of normal skin When sutures are removed, usually at 1 week, wound strength is approximately 10% of that of unwounded skin this increases rapidly over the next 4 weeks Wound strength reaches approximately 70% to 80% of normal by 3 month ref:-...
Pathology
General pathology
bf0aac42-006d-4011-8c61-dd7cc6168f59
A 50 year old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus is found to have 24-hr urinary albumin of 250 mg. Which of thefollowing drugs may be used to retard progression of renal disease -
Hydrochlohiazide
Enalapril
Amiloride
Aspirin
1b
single
Answer is option 2 - Enalapril ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are specifically indicated to reduce progression of renal disease. Drug specific benefit in patients in diabetic nephropathy independent of blood pressure control has been shown only for ACE inhibitors and ARB&;s in patients with DM. Ref Ha...
Medicine
Endocrinology
de8f938e-9794-4459-bf6f-0d7818667884
Which of the following muscle lies between superficial and deep pas of submandibular salivary gland?
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
2c
single
Submandibular gland is a large salivary gland situated in the anterior pa of the digastric triangle. It is roughly J-shaped,being indented by the posterior border of the mylohyoid which divides into a larger pa superficial to the muscle,and a small pa lying deep to the muscle. Reference: B D Chaurasia's human anatomy; ...
Anatomy
Head and neck
bf14e494-a45e-4d64-ba84-b6f27b5a5b8b
Disease not transmitted by Lice is -
Relapsing fever
Trench fever
Q-fever
Epidemic typhus
2c
single
Lice are small ectoparasites of mammals and birds. Infestation by lice is called pediculosis. Diseases transmitted by lice and causative agents are Epidemic typhus- rickettsia prowazeki, trench fever- rickettsia quintana, relapsing fever- borrelia recurrentis Q fever is transmitted by soft tick. Park's Textbook of Prev...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Environment and health
cdc381b0-9797-4acd-ab13-08cabf361744
In embryo, Hemopoiesis is first demonstrable in
Yolk sac
Liver
Spleen
Bone marrow
0a
single
In the early embryo, hemopoiesis is demonstrable first in the yolk sac, followed by the liver and finally bone marrow.Reference: William&;s Obstetrics; 24th edition; Chapter 7; Embryogenesis and Fetal Morphological Development
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
General obstetrics
72e3a858-b804-45d9-b60f-409c38468588
Transformation of one epithelium to other epithelium
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia
Neoplasia
Metaplasia
3d
single
Ref Robbins 8/e p10,11; 9/e p37 Metaplasia is a reversible change in which one adult cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another adult cell type. In this type of cellular adaptation, a cell type sensitive to a paicular stress is replaced by another cell type better able to withstand the adverse environ...
Anatomy
General anatomy
3e74ee33-4c7c-4f51-82a5-01a8f9c7135c
True about epidural narcotics (opioids) are all except
Nausea, vomiting (gi side effects)
Pruritis (itching)
Respiratory depression
Act on dorsal horn cells
3d
multi
D i.e. Act on dorsal horn cells
Anaesthesia
null
0b6204c6-ee95-4c50-8c27-09b8694d7d0c
Winging of scapula is due to which of these conditions?
Long thoracic nerve palsy
Thoraco-dorsal nerve palsy
Erb's palsy
Klumpke's palsy
0a
single
Winging of scapula is due to the paralysis of Serratus anterior muscle which is supplied by long thoracic nerve . Long thoraic nerve damage causes paralysis of Serratus muscle. FEATURES: 1)Medial border of the bone becomes unduly prominent 2)Arm cannot be abducted 90 degrees. REF:B D Chaurasia 7th edition Page no: 45. ...
Anatomy
Upper limb
3decbece-26f2-4298-b781-dbe5b658e748
What is the treatment of choice for cystosarcoma phylloides?
Wide local excision
Radical mastectomy
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
0a
single
Cystosarcoma phylloides are not simply giant fibroadenoma. They show a wide spectrum of activity, varying from almost a benign condition (85%) to a locally aggressive and sometimes metastatic tumour (15%). Depending on mitotic index and degree of pleomorphism they are graded as low grade to high grade tumours. When mal...
Surgery
Endocrinology and breast
4ae818eb-2eb4-451b-9b4d-42a4b8a43b04
Gene of wilsons disease is
ATP 7A
ATP 7B
ADP 7A
ADP 7B
1b
single
In Wilson's disease, the initial steps of dietary absorption and transpo of copper to the liver are normal but copper accumulates in the liver rather than being excreted by the liver. The underlying defect in chromosome 13 is a mutation in ATP7B gene, the normal hepatic copper excreting gene. TEXTBOOK OF PATHOLOGY 6TH ...
Pathology
G.I.T
b1ac48d9-89dc-41c8-a432-12fd58c777d7
Mechanism of action of rifampicin is?
Inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis
DNA dependent RNA polymerase inhibition
Protein synthesis inhibition
Inhibits synthesis of arabinogalactone
1b
single
R ifampin (Rifampicin, R) It is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin B obtained from Streptomyces mediterranei. Rifampin is bactericidal to M. tu berculosis and many other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria like Staph. aureus, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, E . coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Legio...
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
b03d098c-84b7-4d6e-9486-e281d76a21f0
Metabolic abnormality seen in gastric outlet obstruction is
Hypochloremic, hypokalemic acidosis
Hypochloremic, hypokalemic alkalosis
Hyperchloremic, hypokalemic acidosis
Hypochloremic, hyperkalemic alkalosis
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Hypochloremic, hypokalemic alkalosis Repetitive vomiting leads to hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. The urine is alkaline initially but eventually it becomes acidic (paradoxical aciduria)Cause of paradoxical aciduriaInitially the kidney compensate for metabolic alkalosis by reabsorbing hy...
Surgery
Benign Gastric Disease
fb672d94-ec79-41f2-aace-43efd80ba2c1
All of the following cause a False positive Mantoux test except
HIV / AIDS
Prior BCG vaccine
Degraded tuberculin
Faulty technique of injection
0a
multi
FALSE NEGATIVE MANTOUX Malnutrition HIV / AIDS High fever Measles and chickenpox Use of immunosuppressants / antiallergic drugs
Anatomy
All India exam
01821eef-25d9-417d-8961-5d9417061133
A 2O year-old woman presents with bilateral conductive deafness, palpable purpura on the legs and hemoptysis. Radiograph of the chest shows a thin-walled cavity in left lower zone. Investigations reveal total leukocyte count 12,000/mm red cell casts in the urine and 12,000/mm serum creatinine 3 ing/dL .What is the most...
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Polyaeritis nodosa
Wegener's granulomatosis
Disseminated tuberculosis
2c
multi
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis) is characterised by granuloma formation, mainly affecting the nasal passages, airways and kidney. A minority of patients present with glomerulonephritis. The most common presentation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis is with epistaxis, nasa...
Medicine
Immune system
1f7b062c-a2a3-4e02-b746-7dec2aefadf4
Figure of 8 configuration on chest x-ray is seen in ?
TOF
ASD
TAPVC
VSD
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., TAPVC X-ray findings of TAPVC o Cardiomegaly o Plethoric lung fields o Snowman or figure of '8' configuration --> In supracardiac TAPVC. o Ground glass appearance of lung In obstructive TAPVC. Clinical manifestations of TAPVC 1)Nonobstructive TAPVC --> Patients presents with mild cyanosis and CHF at 6...
Pediatrics
null
d1514dae-59d5-4437-aba7-5311de87d931
2.IDDM patient presents with septal perforation of nose with brownish black discharge probable diagnosis is:
Rbinosporidiosis
Aspergillus
Leprosy
Mucormycosis
3d
single
Mucormycosis is a fungal infection of nose and paranasal sinuses which may prove rapidly fatal if untreated.It is seen in uncontrolled diabetes or those taking immunosuppressive drugs.It presents as black necrotic mass filling the nasal cavity and eroding the septum and hard palate. Treatment is by amphotericib B and s...
ENT
Nose and paranasal sinuses
87483545-8572-476f-80d5-4e913e160ee9
Which among the following is vaccine for cholera?
PPV23
Dukoral
Ty 21 a vaccine
JE-MB Nakayama
1b
single
Ans. (b) DukoralRef: Nelson 18th ed chapter 173, http://wwwnc.cdc/gov/ eid/article/17/11 11-0822 article* Dukoral is indicated for active immunization against disease caused by Vibrio choleraes ero group Ol in adults and children from 2 years of age who will be visiting endemic/epidemic areas* The standard primary cour...
Pediatrics
Immunization
2dc9135c-eee1-48b4-a615-2f8be2d34712
Which of these are associated with increased risk of colorectal Ca -a) More intake of animal fatb) Aspirinc) Ulcerative colitisd) Amoebic colitise) Polyps
acd
bde
cde
ace
3d
single
Risk factors for Colon cancer Dietay factures - explainaed in previous quetion Hereditary factors Polyposis coli  Nonopolyposis herditary colon cancer ( also known as Lynch syndrome) Inflammatory bowel disease - Long standing IBD increases the risk - Risk is more with ulcerative colitis than crohn's disese. - Ris...
Pathology
null
cbd14a48-a8dd-4d96-a06b-11544946982d
Sociology-
Study of human relationship
Study of behaviour
Both
None
2c
multi
sociology ; study of human relationships and behaviour for a better understanding of the pattern of human life. it also concerned with the effects on the individual of the ways in which other individuals think and act ref ;(page no;670)23rd edition of PARK's textbook of Preventive and Social medicine
Social & Preventive Medicine
Social science, Mental health & Genetics
04022e53-d467-4ded-b6b0-46e81f520a4e
Drug causing malignant hyperthermia:
Cisatracurium
Suxamethonium
Propofol
Thiopentone
1b
single
Ans. b. Suxamethonium (Ref: Milier's 7/e p1180-1189, Lee 13/e p352-354, Morgan 4/e p945-950)Suxamethonium is the drug most commonly responsible for causing malignant hyperthermia.
Anaesthesia
Complications Of Anaesthesia
5951c8e6-c7e7-4104-b20d-66732a26532a
True about Trendelenburg operation is
Stripping of superficial varicose vein
Ligation of perforators
Flush ligation of superficial varicose veins
Ligation of sho saphenous vein
2c
multi
Tredelenburg Operation Consists of saphenofemoral junction flush ligation & Greater saphenous vein (GSV) stripping All four tributaries (superficial Inferior epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac, deep & superficial external pudendal veins) is divided Ligate the GSV deep to all tributaries flush with the common femo...
Surgery
Vascular surgery
5343e485-d50e-4dbf-9e61-3080fa6c57a5
Klumpke's palsy is due to injury to the following nerves?
Inferior trunk of the brachial plexus
Superior trunk of the brachial plexus
Subscapular nerve
Ulnar nerve
0a
single
The upper trunk (C5 and C6) is the most common area injured and results in the classic Erb palsy. Injury to the lower trunk (C7-T1) produces a Klumpke palsy. Klumpke palsy is characterized by good shoulder function but decreased or absent hand function. Brachial plexus injuries may also cause a Horner syndrome (unilate...
Anatomy
null
fb8fc6d1-f658-49b2-a358-6f93c5537491
Cause of chronic tropical pancreatitis is ?
Parasitic infection
Cassava ingestion
Indiopathic
Generic
1b
single
.Chronic pancreatitis is more common in males, common in Kerala (induced by diet, rich in Tapioca). Aetiology * Alcohol - 80% * Stones in biliary tree - rare cause * Malnutrition, diet * Hyperparathyroidism * Hereditary (familial hereditary pancreatitis) * Idiopathic - 20% - as mutation * Trauma * Congenital anomaly (P...
Surgery
G.I.T
77f2de26-ea38-42db-a774-11189668357f
The SI unit of radiation absorbed dose is
Rad
Becquerel
Gray
Sieve
2c
single
Ref Robbins 9/e p428 Gray is a unit that expresses the energy absorbed by the target tissue per unit mass Radiation UNITS Roentgen: Is the measurement of energy produced by Gamma or X-Ray radiation in a cubic centimeter of air. It is abbreted with the capital "R". One milliroentgen, abbreted "mR" is one-thousandth of a...
Anatomy
General anatomy
bfc166ab-500e-43f6-99b1-509356d54f80
Local anaesthetic with prolonged action -
Procaine
Cocaine
Lidocaine
Dibucaine
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Dibucaineo Dibucaine is the longest acting local anaesthetico Chlorprocaine is the shortest acting local anaesthetico Decreasing order of duration : - Dibucaine > Bupivacine = Tetracaine = Ropivacaine =Etidocaine > Prilocaine = Lignocaine = Mepivacaine = Cocaine > Procaine > Chlorprocaine.
Anaesthesia
Miscellaneous (Local and Regional Anesthesia)
ca0062a9-d5c1-4f4a-b1a0-6ddd66c303fc
A 18-month old baby presents with recurrent episodes of excessive crying followed by cyanosis, unconsciousness and occassional seizures since 9 months of age. The most likely diagnosis is -
Epilepsy
Anoxic spells
Breath holding spells
Vasovagal attack
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Breath holding spells
Pediatrics
null
9e659639-b8e0-4395-879d-0d3be6c0a992
In Bing test, on alternately compressing and releasing the external acoustic meatus, the sound increases and decreases. This indicates
Otosclerosis
Sensorineural deafness
Adhesive otitis media
Chronic suppurative otitis media
1b
single
Tests for bone conduction TestPrincipleMethodImpressionBing test Examines the effect of occlusion of ear canal on hearing Tuning fork placed on mastoid while examiner alternatively closes & opens the ear canal by pressing on the tragus inwards Patient hears louder when the ear canal is occluded & softer when the ear ca...
Pathology
All India exam
7473af85-8ec9-48fc-903c-fe8c9f7e1c09
Differentiation of hysterical fits from epileptic fit -
Occurs in sleep
Injuries to person
Incontinence
Occurs when people are watching
3d
single
Hysterical fits (conversion seizure) never occur in sleep (epileptic fit can occur during sleep). Injury, tongue biting and urinary incontinence are rare in conversion seizure (these can occur in epileptic fit). Hysterical fits (conversion seizure) usually occur when people are observing (epileptic fit has no relation ...
Psychiatry
null
ca75935b-977b-4641-b50f-4d73817e6cd5
AML transformation common in
Aplastic anemia
MDS
Megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
CLL
0a
single
Aplastic anemia to AML Aplastic anemia (AA) is a clinical syndrome of peripheral blood pancytopenia and a hypocellular bone marrow. Immunosuppressive therapy is a key treatment strategy for AA. Genomic instability in AA does not appear to be a rare event. AA evolves into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in 5-15% of all cas...
Medicine
Miscellaneous
a555434e-7057-4325-bcf4-c43f212cefa4
Which of the following does NOT stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors:
Hypoxia
Hypocapnia
Acidosis
Low perfusion pressure
1b
single
B i.e. Hypocapnia
Physiology
null
3aeca513-11a5-43d8-829e-0334b3803a3b
After a brawl, a young male presented with inability to extend his distal interphalangeal joint. An X-ray was taken and was shown to be normal. What should he the next step in managing the patient?
Splint
Surgery
Wax bath
Ignore
0a
multi
Ans. a. Splint (Ref. Apley's 8/e p339)Mallet finger is avulsion fracture of distal phalanx due to sudden flexion.Matlet finger (Baseball finger)Avulsion of extensor tendon of the distal interphalangeal joint from its insertion at the base of distal phalanxQ.It results from sudden passive flexionQ of the distal interpha...
Orthopaedics
Fractures of Metacarpals, Phalanges, Metacarpo-Phalangeal Joints
598be909-e181-40bd-9a51-b84e1393b089
Denver shunt used in?
Ascites
Dialysis
Raised ICP
Raised IOP
0a
single
Denver shunt is a one way valve peritoneo-venous shunt done in order to drain ascitic fluid from peritoneal cavity to internal jugular vein with additional facility of having a chamber to evacuate the debris by digital pressure. Reference : page 626 SRB's manual of surgery 5th edition
Surgery
Urology
5274da57-a250-4306-a772-0660670b7b37
Which test is used to measure nasal mucociliary clearance?
Saccharin test
SISI test
handkerchief test
Endoscopy
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Saccharin test Nasal mucociliary clearance testso Nasal nitric oxide measuremento Saccharin testo Tests using radioisotope labeled particlesNasal myiasis (Maggots in nose)o It results from the presence of ova of flies particularly chrysomia species in the nose which produce ulceration and destruction ...
ENT
Nose and PNS
0df9317a-4ad3-4cdd-95aa-206293432564
Intermediate syndrome with loss of muscle power is associated with poisoning due to ?
Barbiturates
Carbon monoxide
Cyanide
Organophosphorous compounds
3d
single
Intermediate syndrome with muscle weakness is characteristic of organophosphates poisoning.
Forensic Medicine
null
5f8f3662-d5c4-4e3d-a0db-f89f3e21d16c
Vaccum extraction is done when :
Cervix dilated more than 8 cm
Persistent occipito posterior
Deep transverse arrest
All
3d
multi
All
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
d8a17f54-bda0-4a58-8c8a-11cd41e54e50
Most common site of hypeensive intraparenchymal hemorrhage in brain: March 2013
Pons
Thalamus
Putamen
Cerebellum
2c
single
Ans. C i.e. Putamen Sites of intracerebral hemorrhage includes putamen (55%), thalamus (20-3-%), cerebrllum (10%), pons (5-7%) and subcoical white matter (10-15%)
Pathology
null
72bf1284-8d18-4e9a-88f7-3f29d50bd2a1
Fluorescin angiography is used to examine-
Ciliary vasculature
Retinal vasculature
Corneal vasculature
Conjuctival vasculature
1b
single
Fluorescin angiography used to examine: Retinal vasculature in DM retinopathy patients for neovascularization. Normal retinal vasculature on flouroscein angiography.
Radiology
Angiography
36a4af3e-0109-48e5-a234-74ef5962df3e
All of the following immunohistochemical markers are positive in the neoplastic cells of granulocytic sarcoma, except -
CD45RO
CD43
Myeloperoxidase
Lysozyme
0a
multi
Granulocytic sarcoma (Chloroma or myeloblastoma) Granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma is a solid tumor composed of myeloblasts. A chloroma is an extramedullary manifestation of AML, i.e., it is a solid collection of leukemic cells occurring outside of the bone marrow. These tumor often have a green tint due to the presenc...
Pathology
null
02f63f07-f870-4107-bafc-455eafb12ca6
Cyclops play an impoant role in the transmission of:
Typhoid
Yellow fever
Dracunculiasis
Ancylostomiasis
2c
single
Guinea Worm Causative agent: Dracunculus medinensis. Mode of transmission: consumption of water containing Cyclops harbouring infective stage of parasite - Hence option-3 is the answer. Type of disease: water-based disease. Type of biological transmission: Cyclo development transmission. India ceified for elimination o...
Social & Preventive Medicine
VBDs, Arboviral & Viral Infections, Surface Infections
53eb8813-c7a2-4a2a-b3fd-05e008136f31
Nicotinic receptors are seen in all except:September 2007
Neuromuscular junction
Autonomic ganglia of autonomic nervous system
Bronchial smooth muscle
Brain
2c
multi
Ans. C: Bronchial Smooth MuscleThe nicotinic cholinergic receptors are found in the neuromuscular junctions of somatic muscles; stimulation of these receptors causes muscular contraction. They are also found in the autonomic ganglia of autonomic nervous system andcentral nervous systemMuscarinic receptors are found in:...
Physiology
null
d34cfa5a-9a5f-49a7-87bc-6ace3abd80ba
Gas gangrene is/are caused by-
C. novyi
C. septicum
C. histolyticum
All
3d
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., C.novyi 'b' C.septicum; 'c' i.e., C. histolyticum
Microbiology
null
de65581d-705e-4e7b-8ce7-bc82d387f1bb
True regarding myocardial O2 demand?
Inversely related to heart rate
Has constant relation to external cardiac work
Directly proportional to duration of systole
Is negligible at rest
2c
multi
Oxygen demand depends on the work being done. The work done is to pump the blood which is in the ventricles (preload) against the resistance in the aorta (afterload).  So, myocardial oxygen demand depends on Rate - Directly proportional Contractility - Directly proportional Intramyocardial tension - Directly proportio...
Physiology
null
fde26c35-3be4-4a68-a053-8178c2bb5d3b
A case of acute cholecystitis now presents with acute pain sharp going to the back diagnosis
Acute pancreatitis
Cholecystitis
Appendicitis
Aortic aneurysm
0a
single
Ans. (a) Acute pancreatitisRef: Sabiston 20th edition Page 1496 Gall stone pancreatitis:* As GB stone passes the common channel it irritates the Pancreatic system and causes pancreatitis.* Patient's will have continued back pain even after stone passes.* Most cases of gall stone pancreatitis settles by conservative man...
Surgery
Gall Bladder & Bile Ducts
10ec3a61-6774-4ebe-bebc-1c30f2f4987d
Levels of sex hormone binding globulin in PCOD
Increased
Decreased
Unchanged
Variable
1b
single
In PCOD, SHBG Levels are decreased.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
888fce1e-4d1a-423b-ae08-7509d4014a55
Best time for hearing assessment in an infant ?
1st month of life
3-6 months
6-9 months
9-12 months
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1st month of life The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Joint Committee on Infant hearing (2007), has recommended that all newborn infants be screened for hearing impairment either as neonate or before 1 month of age and that those infants who fail newborn screening have an audiologic examination ...
ENT
null
8b3b32bc-ad55-4966-96fa-fe04c95ca7b0
Persistent belief in something which is not a fact is :
Illusion
Hallucination
Delusion
Delirium
2c
multi
C. i.e. Delusion
Psychiatry
null
e36ad533-afaa-4e26-b69e-3557e14d131f
A 24-year-old female with long standing history of sinusitis present with fevers, headache (recent origin) and personality changes; Fundus examination revealed papilledema. Most likely diagnosis is:
Frontal lobe abscess
Meningitis
Encephalitis
Frontal bone osteomyelitis
0a
single
Patient is presenting with fever, headache and personality changes which is typical of frontal lobe abscess (which is a complication of chronics sinusitis). In meningitis and encephalitis although patient presents with fever and headache, but personality changes are not seen. Frontal bone osteomyelitis (Pott's puffy tu...
ENT
null
b637cd13-9746-4e76-8e62-94ec70664892
Nerve entrapped in pyriformis syndrome is
Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Pudendal nerve
Sciatic nerve
3d
single
Entrapment of Sciatic nerve by inflamed pyriformis muscle is called as pyriformis syndrome.
Anatomy
null
df632e5f-6d93-4871-be09-9ea9bd0f9ff0
Which of the following is an anti apoptotic gene
C_myc
P53
Bcl_2
Bax
2c
single
Ref : Harrison 17/e p506 ; Robbins 9/e p19 synthesize anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, the two main ones of which are Bcl-2 itself and Bcl-xL. These proteins antagonize Bax and Bak, and thus limit the escape of the mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins. Cells deprived of growth factors not only activate the p...
Anatomy
General anatomy
cb8f42c1-ec33-4f89-844e-752762b6ee71
Not self retaining hand held retractor (s) is/are:
Mollison's mastoid retractor
Jansen's mastoid retractor
Lempe's endaural retractor
Davis Retractor
3d
single
Answer- D. Davis RetractorThese retractors do not need an assistant to hold them in place.It hold tissue apa and lock it in place.Hand held retractor-Hohmann RetractorLahey RetractorSenn RetractorBlair (Rollet) RetractorRigid RakeFlexible RakeRagnell RetractorLinde-Ragnell RetractorDavis Retractor
ENT
null
f748ceb2-26f6-42d8-b766-702123b64c8a
Which pattern on abdominal radiograph is suggestive of intestinal obstruction?
Step ladder pattern
String of beads pattern
Diffuse ground glass opacity
All of the above
3d
multi
Ans. D. All of the aboveThere are 4 patterns that may be seen on abdomen radiograph which suggest intestinal obstruction. The classical is multiple air fluid levels which is also known as step ladder pattern. However, if most of the dilated bowels are filled with fluid then residual air bubbles get trapped between the ...
Radiology
G.I.T.
c637dfb8-75c0-4c00-af51-8071ff42a992
A lady has B/L hearing loss since 4 years which worsened during pregnancy. Type of impedance audiometry graph will be:
Ad
As
B
C
1b
single
(b) As(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 2213)Lady with B/L hearing loss with history of worsening during pregnancy is suggestive of otosclerosis.Impedance audiometry shows As type curve (normal middle ear pressure with reduced compliance). This is diagnostic of otosclerosis.Ad type curve is seen in ossicular discontinuity.B typ...
ENT
Otosclerosis
a73b56db-a712-42b9-a8ef-037ef08423e1
Sweaty feet odor is seen in
Maple syrup urine disease
Gauchers disease
Isovaleric acidemia
Phenylketonuria
2c
single
Sweaty feat odor - Isovaleric AcidemiaSmoky sweat - MSUDMousy or Musty - PhenylketonuriaBoiled cabbage - TyrosinemiaIn alkaptonuria - urine becomes darkish brown when exposed to air while purplish brown in porphyria(Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, SAE, 1st edition, pg no. 651)
Pediatrics
All India exam
17b8471f-d82c-4236-a843-66e19ce561b0
Which of the following statement is false about hydrocele?
Arises due to patent processus vaginalis
Wait for 5 years for spontaneous closure of congenital hydrocele
Lord's plication of sac for small hydrocele
Jaboulay's eversion of sac for medium hydrocele
1b
multi
Treatment of Hydrocele Congenital Hydrocele: Usually spontaneous obliteration by 2 years age. If persists then Herniotomy. Treatment of Vaginal Hydrocele 1. Small hydrocele: Lord's procedure (Plication of sac)Q 2. Medium hydrocele: Jaboulay's procedure (Eversion of sac)Q 3. Large hydrocele: Excision of sacQ
Surgery
Testis and scrotum
fd575e69-9635-49e4-b492-ea1421c69b27
Asha scheme is associated with -
ICDS
Rural health mission
20 points programme
Minimum needs programme
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Rural health mission
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
7e13f63b-98aa-4207-8227-45e3ae6aaabf
Quality control agent for Sterilization in Autoclave
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus pumilus
Bacillus stearothermophilus
Bacillus globigi
2c
single
Autoclaving Geobacillus stearothermophilus(GBS) Hydroclaving Bacillus subtilis Microwaving Bacillus atrophaeus Dry heat GBS or Bacillus atrophaeus
Social & Preventive Medicine
Biomedical Waste Management
080139cb-a495-44a8-908e-26689b910af6
After a leisure trip, a patient comes with gritty pain in eye, and joint pain following an episode of urinary infection. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Reiter's syndrome
Bachet's syndrome
Sarcoidosis
SLE
0a
single
Reiter 's syndrome now referred to as reactive ahritis (ReA), is a classic triad of ahritis, nongonococcal urethritis and conjunctivitis. Reactive ahritis is triggered following enteric or urogenital infections. Reactive ahritis is associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27. Bacteria associated with reactive ahr...
Medicine
null
46820a45-6cc1-4b20-a974-91603b7cda04
Blood stained nipple discharge is seen in:
Breast abscess
Fibro adenoma
Ductal papilloma
Fat necrosis of breast
2c
single
Ans. (c) Ductal papilloma(Ref: Schwartz 10/e p554)MC Cause of Blood Stained Nipple Discharge in* Young age - Duct Papilloma* Old Age - Carcinoma Breast.
Surgery
Breast
fe0ae1c6-da95-45ec-b9bd-9233054b5388
Acidification of urine occur in?
Collecting ducts
PCT
Ascending limb of loop of henle
Descending limb of loop of henle
1b
single
Acidification of urine occur in PCTRef: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th edition; page no; 712
Physiology
Renal physiology
c876ff25-28cf-4dd5-b695-a9f9e008e910
Not a Radiological feature of achalasia cardia
Megaesophagus
Bird beak appearance
Rat tailed appearance
Antral nipple sign
3d
single
Antral nipple sign - Feature of Congenital hypertrophic pyloric Stenosis.
Radiology
null
f7dc1cd6-0f1b-4557-be86-aeb257a64b94
Keratinising metaplasia of salivary glands results due to deficiency of
Vitamin A
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Vitamin E
0a
single
Vitamin A deficiency produces keratinizing metaplasia of the normally columnar ductal epithelium in the major and minor salivary glands. Ref : Handbook of Experimental  Stomatology,edited by Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy.
Biochemistry
null
02686e88-16b5-431a-b436-7c4c783b0f9e
PPV does not depend on
Sensitivity
Specificity
Prevalence of disease
Incidence of disease
3d
single
Positive Predictive Value(PPV) depends on Sensitivity Specificity Prevalence of disease PPV ∝ Prevalence of disease. PPV is directly proportional to prevalence of disease.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
2af893a6-93a8-4b81-9830-099040317a98
Adult scabies is characterized by – a) Involve palm & solesb) Involve facec) Involve anterior abdomend) Involve web spacee) Involve genitalia
cde
acd
bde
ade
0a
single
Adult scabies involves web of fingers, flexor surfaces of wrist, ulnar border of forearm, anterior axillary fold, umblicus & periumblical regions (anterior abdomen), Genitals, upper thigh, lower part of Buttocks. Scalp, face, Palm and soles are characteristically spared.
Dental
null
cba217e1-c5e9-41c6-a2e2-b2d7d6f80133
All except one is true regarding minimum alveolar concentration
Lower the MAC, higher the potency
Rate of induction depends on MAC
Nitrous oxide has MAC value of 104 and thus is least potent
Methoxy flurane has lowest MAC value
1b
multi
Rate of induction depends on Blood gas partition coefficient.
Anaesthesia
null
2a5b8341-eae8-498b-93ca-a3dbfda7cd21
Mikulicz cells and Russell bodies are seen in?
Rhinoscleroma
Rhinosporidiosis
Scleroderma
Lupus vulgaris
0a
single
ANSWER: (A) RhinosderomaREF: P L Dhingra 4th edition page 149Also See APPENDIX-25 for "FEW IMPORTANT BODIES IN MEDICAL SCIENCE"DIAGNOSIS OF RHINOSCLEROMA:Biopsy shows infiltration of submucosa with plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, Mikulicz cells and Russell bodies. The latter two are diagnostic features of the d...
ENT
Granulomatous Disorders of Nose Nasal Polyp And Foreign Body
a37fe42f-bf5e-4088-b8d0-3223c8657c93
Unique histological feature of Leydig cell tumor of testis?
Reinke's crystals
Psammomma bodies
Michaelis-Guttman bodies
None
0a
multi
Ans. a (Reinke's crystals) (Ref. Shaw's Textbook of Gynecology, 14th ed., 341)HILUS CELL TUMOR (LEYDIG CELL TUMOR)# It arises from cells in the ovarian hilum.# It has Reinke crystals in cells, a distinguishing feature of the Leydig or interstitial cells of the testis.# Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors should be suspected in ...
Pathology
Male Genital Tract
eb889425-4b94-4f7f-a8bb-a85a39cc2701
In a child who is allergic to egg, which vaccine should be avoided ?
Measles
MMR
Influenza
DPT
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Influenza
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
40155ffb-07a2-4d8b-ba0e-df0ea34d4205
Light radiographic film is due to:
Overdeveloping
Overfixing
Directly putting in fixer
Exposure to sunlight
1b
single
LIGHT RADIOGRAPHS  Processing Errors  Underdevelopment (temperature too low; time too short; thermometer inaccurate) Depleted developer solution  Diluted or contaminated developer  Excessive fixation  Underexposure  Insufficient mA  Insufficient kVp  Insufficient time  Film-source distance too great  Film packet revers...
Radiology
null
851bcc52-cd81-4aae-a405-1bf847f25275
Clostridium difficile can be spread through all EXCEPT-
Oral - fecal route
Direct
Hand to hand contact
Needles
3d
multi
Ans. (d) NeedlesRef: Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Paniker 8th ed. /251, 263, 634* The organism is carried by about 3% of the general population and about 30% of the hospitalised patients in their gastrointestinal tract.* It is usually transmitted by the feco-oral route and direct contact and hand to hand transmis...
Microbiology
Clostridium
2286ed4c-3bd9-4b4e-b15d-06780c19f470
The chracteristic symptom of organic psychosis is
Hallucination
Depression
Transient Delusion
Anxiety
2c
multi
C i.e. Transient delusions
Psychiatry
null
2dac9898-4a0f-4e4a-b960-5afad0b338c2
Hemophilia A has increased:
PT
PTT
PT & PTT
None
1b
multi
PTT (Ref: Robbin's 7th Ed/Pg 656) "Patients with hemophilia, typically have a normal BT, platelet count & PT & a prolonged PTT." Remember these, BT is prolonged in: 1.Thrombocytopenic purpura 2. Von willebrand's disease CT is prolonged in Hemophilia PT: normal =10-14 sec Prolonged in deficiency of: 1. Factors I, II, V,...
Surgery
null
a19caa75-b939-4c67-a42c-841cfcc1d800
Wedged hepatic venous pressure represents pressure in :
Main poal vein
Main hepatic vein
Sinusoids
Central vein radicles
2c
single
C i.e. SinusoidsWedged Hepatic Venous Pressure - It is the pressure recorded by a catheter wedged in a hepatic vein.- It reflects the contribution of hepatic sinusoids to poal venous pressure.Q- It is elevated in sinusoidal & presinusoidal poal hypeension,- Poal venous pressure: Wedged hepatic venous pressure - free he...
Physiology
null
5395d03e-2cbb-4577-9fae-727914b68c26
Skin grafting done on wound following major skin taken from twin brother -
Isograft
Allograft
Autograft
Xenograft
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e.,Isograft
Surgery
Reconstructive Techniques
896e648e-4757-4ad8-bee7-696a7cd89eba
Drug that does not causes cardiac depression:-
Propofol
Ketamine
Etomidate
Thiopentone
2c
single
Drug Action Thiopentone Decreases systemic vascular resistance, |BP,|HR,myocardial depression Propofol Decreases systemic vascular resistance,|BP, |HR, myocardial depression Etomidate CVS stable, adrenal insufficiency Ketamine In the presence of catecholamines it |HR, |BP
Anaesthesia
NEET 2019
b9c87350-3fc8-49c9-a706-f7c61d350a6f
Fetal bradycardia is defined as :
Less than 100 beat/min
Between 100 and 200 beat/min
Less than 120 beat/min
Less than 120 beat/min for a period of 15 min of continuous monitoring
3d
single
Less than 120 beat/min for a period of 15 min of continuous monitoring
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
9527e949-2885-4a5d-af7d-a365b859aa43
10 babies were born in a hospital 5 were less than 2.5 kg. And 5 were greater than 2.5 kg the average is -a) Arithmetic averageb) Geometric averagec) Median disposal d) Mode average
ac
bc
ad
b
0a
single
From the given data it can be mean or it can be median. Lets see :- Suppose the weight of 10 newborn are :­1.8, 2.7, 2.9, 2.1, 1.8, 3.0, 3.2, 2.3, 3.2, 2.0 5 values are less than 2.5 and 5 values are more than 2.5 Mean mean = 1.8 + 2.7 + 2.9 + 2.1 + 1.8 + 3.0 + 3.2 + 2.0 / 10 = 25/10 = 2.5 Median Arrange the data in a...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
405b6b0f-65c1-4e95-b004-b96ca2cfd294
Roth's spots are found in
Acute rheumatic fever
Congestive cardiac failure
Infective endocarditis
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
2c
single
White-centered retinal hemorrhages (Roth's spots) are considered pathognomonic for subacute bacterial endocarditis, but they also appear in leukemia, diabetes, and many other conditions. Endophthalmitis also occurs as a complication of ocular surgery, occasionally months or even years after the operation. ( Harrison&;s...
Pathology
Cardiovascular system
4f51c413-224b-4c5f-9929-2a6d04ddea89
Peliosis hepatis is caused by all except
Analgesics
Anabolic steroids
OC pills
Danazol
0a
multi
Peliosis Hepatis Although sinusoidal dilatation can occur secondary to many liver diseases, peliosis hepatis is an uncommon condition of primary sinusoidal dilatation that results in blockage of blood outflow and may result in massive intraperitoneal haemorrhage. Although exact etiology is not known, peliosis hepatis a...
Pathology
G.I.T
8f627049-cc27-486c-bf83-0343c7d56063
Which of the following is an example of heterophile antibody test ?
Widal test
Weil-Felix reaction
Rose-waler test
Blood grouping & cross matching
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Weil-Felix reaction Heterophilic agglutination reaction Some organisms of different class or species share closely related antigens. When serum containing agglutinin (antibody) of one organism gives agglutination reaction with antigen of other organism, it is called heterophilic agglutination test. Ex...
Microbiology
null
215a54ec-ede2-47da-a6fc-bdd10bb55df2
Criteria to diagnose PID include all of the following except:
Uterine tenderness
Cervical motion tenderness
Nausea and Vomiting
Adnexal tenderness
2c
multi
Criteria for the diagnosis of PID: - Minimum Criteria 1) Lower abdominal tenderness 2) Adnexal tenderness 3) Cervical motion tenderness. Additional criteria 1. Culture and senstivity of Endometrial biopsy Vaginal swab Cervical swab Culture media for Gonorrhea: Thayer Main media Chlamydia: Mc Coy cell lines (PCR preferr...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Genital Tract Infections (Too hot to handle!)
dbeabbf3-02fe-4d9f-a734-9faae32e67af
A 15-year-old boy presented with one day history of bleeding gum, subconjunctival bleed and purpuric rash. Investigations revealed following results: Hb- 6.4 gm/dL; TLC-1,00,000/microlitre, platelet 35,000/cubic millimetre; prothrombin time-20 sec with a control of 13 sec; paial thromboplastin time-50sec; and Fibrinoge...
myeloblastic leukemia without maturation
Myeloblastic leukemia with maturation
Promyelocytic leukema
Myelomonocytic leukemia
2c
single
Acute promyelocytix leukemia is associated with serious coagulation abnormality ,disseminated intravascular coagulation. The platelet count is moderately to severly reduced( below 50,000/microlitre).Bleeding tendencies manifest as spontaneous bruising ,petechiae,bleeding from gums, & other bleeding tendencies . Referen...
Medicine
Haematology
986fb210-ba34-4852-b41c-09282cef3f9b
1 to 2 mm haemorrhages in skin are known as:
Micro bleed
Petechiae
Purpura
None of the above
1b
multi
Minute 1- to 2-mm hemorrhages into skin, mucous membranes, or serosal surfaces are called petechiae. These are most commonly associated with locally increased intravascular pressure, low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia), or defective platelet function (as in uremia). Ref: Robbins 8th edition Chapter 4.
Pathology
null
31e4b89a-2134-4643-ad21-2e35db11a5ff
Intralobar sequestration of lung takes its blood supply from -
Internal mammary artery'
Descending abdominal aorta
Pulmonary artery
None of the above
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Descending abdominal aorta o A sequestration consists of normally developed bronchioles and alveoli supplied by systemic rather than pulmonary arteries.o This blood supply is from the Aorta either above or below the diaphragm.o Mostly fapprox 95%) this is from the descending thoracic aorta.o Other cha...
Surgery
Miscellaneous (Lung)
cc4db430-144c-4d1e-80e8-5ddc18bec26c
Central nervous system manifestion in chronic renal failure are a result of all of the following except -
Hyperosmolarity
Hyperparathyroidisn
Acidosis
Hyponatremia
0a
multi
Chronic renal failure results in- Sodium and water retention leading to hyponatremia(not common and responds to water restriction). Decreased ca absorption -Hypocalcemia-increase in PTH -Hyperphosphatemia,increased bone resorption resulting in hypercalcemia-deposition of calcium in extraosseous sites such as vascular b...
Medicine
Kidney
793e77d8-2a03-4f1f-8218-758ae58f9fb2
One of the following disease will show urinary bladder calcification radiologically which resembles fetal head in pelvis:
Tuberculosis
Schistosomiasis
Chronic cystitis
Malignancy
1b
multi
A plain film of the abdomen may show areas of grayness in the flank (enlarged hydronephrotic kidney) or in the bladder area (large tumor). Opacifications (stones) may be noted in the kidney, ureter, or bladder. Linear calcification may be seen in the ureteral and bladder walls. Punctate calcification of the ureter (ure...
Surgery
null