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1338e1ed-d369-4cc7-849d-4410cf9e917c | What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism world-wide? | Hashimoto thyroiditis | Subacute thyroiditis | Silent thyroiditis | Iodine deficiency | 3d | single | Most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide is IODINE DEFICIENCY In case of Iodine sufficiency most common cause of hypothyroidism : Autoimmune disease (Hashimoto Thyroiditis) and iatrogenic. | Medicine | Diseases of Thyroid |
3eb19436-ce11-4391-90c7-e5e5b2cdb4cd | TIPSS is used in all except | Refractory ascites | BCS | Hepatopulmonary syndrome | Refractory hepatic hydrothorax | 2c | multi | TIPSS is contraindicated in Hepatopulmonary syndrome Contraindications of TIPSS Absolute Right sided hea failure Polycystic liver disease Pulmonary hypeension Hepatopulmonary syndrome Relative Poal vein thrombosis Hypervascular liver tumors Encephalopathy Ref:Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1439 | Anatomy | G.I.T |
74ad35fb-4a7c-4f14-905e-1f9662b7a4d9 | Advantages of ultrasound nuchal translucency over biochemical screening for Down syndrome include: | Uses transvaginal approach | More consistent measurements than lab tests | Better in multiple gestation | Wide gestational age range | 2c | single | Ans. C. Better in multiple gestationThe ultrasound nuchal translucency (NT) is now appreciated as a sensitive marker for Down syndrome and other aneuploidies between 10 and 13 weeks. Outside that range, the NT disappears. Although some centers have had superb results, others have not done well. Blood free -hCG and PAPP... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Diagnosis in Obstetrics |
bd9fcdb7-0a4c-4580-8604-eb5a1eff9562 | Window period is defined as the time taken from: | Entry of pathogen to appearance of first clinical symptoms | Exposure to laboratory detection of disease | Entry in cell to expulsion of first viral particle | Entry to maximum communicability | 1b | single | Ans. b. Exposure to laboratory detection of disease (Ref: Park 23/e p99, 22./e p95)Window period is defined as the time taken from Exposure to laboratory detection of disease."Window Period: Time between first infection & when the test can reliably detect that infection." Disease Transmission: DefinitionsWindow period*... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Infectious Disease Epidemiology |
1d936fde-a148-4961-979e-e55d26265495 | All the following are contraindications for Cu containing IUCD's except | Wilson's disease | Pregnancy | Undiagnosed genital bleeding | Ischemic hea disease | 3d | multi | Medical eligibility criteria for initiation and continuation of intrauterine devicesWHO category 1No restriction of useSmokingObesityBreastfeedingIschemic hea diseaseSTrokeHypeensionPost Aboion first trimesterMigraine with or without auraDiabetesThyroid disordersLiver/gallbladder diseaseWHO category 2Advantages outweig... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Contraception |
39e27109-af78-48ec-b905-43c7f0f6a81e | All of the following are true regarding Bells palsy is all except: | Herpes simplex virus is commonly implicated | Steroids are the treatment of choice | Unilateral facial weakness | Immediate nerve decompression is required | 3d | multi | Ans. d. Immediate nerve decompression is required (Ref: Dhingra 4th/94-95)Immediate nerve decompression is not required in Bell's palsy, initially steroids are given and recovery occurs in 85-90% cases. Nerve decompression relieves pressure on the nerve fibers and improves the microcirculation of nerve, done in non-res... | ENT | Facial Nerve And Its Disorders |
7ab18252-8bbc-4c83-b6b4-1425f765f5f1 | Persistence of omphalomesenteric duct is (JIPMER May 2019) | Gastroschisis | Omphalocele | Meckel's diveiculum | Ectopia vesicae | 2c | single | - Omphalomesenteric duct present inside the umbilical cord of baby is also called as vitello-intestinal duct * Yolk sac - forms gut tube (foregut, midgut & hindgut) * Midgut would be communicating with yolk sac by a duct called vitello-intestinal duct * This duct would be obliterated in course of time; if not results i... | Anatomy | JIPMER 2019 |
125904e2-71bc-4806-b1a0-aca8ba9c05b0 | Surest proof of antemoem burn is | Heat rupture | Presence of soots beyond the tracheal bifurcation | Blackening of bones | Clean laryngeal airway | 1b | single | In case of burns, if death has occurred from suffocation,aspirated blackish coal paicles are seen in the nose,mouth,larynx,trachea,bronchi,oesophagus and stomach, and blood is cherry red. Presence of carbon paicles especially in the terminal bronchioles and an elevated CO saturation together are absolute proof that the... | Forensic Medicine | Death and postmortem changes |
b2a18906-f5c3-46be-86f8-bfd4c7d9f7b3 | A 6 year old boy has a history of recurrent dislocation of the right shoulder. On examination, the orthopedician puts the patient in the supine position and abducts his arm to 90 degrees with the bed as the fulcrum and then externally rotates it but the boy does not allow the test to be performed. The test done by the ... | Apprehension test | Sulcus test | Dugas test | MC Murray's test | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' ie apprehension test Apprehension sign :This is a test to detect an unstable shoulder.The shoulder is abducted and externally rotated.As the examiner loads the shoulder along the long axis of the arm, the pt. becomes apprehensive, and tries to resist any further movement by using his hand or by making the s... | Orthopaedics | Dislocation of Shoulder |
26c725f5-13be-45fd-9f43-928281fb1d69 | For the following statements, select whether it is applicable to any or all of the below medications.Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme I (ACE I) | hydralazine | enalapril | spironolactone | metoprolol | 1b | multi | Enalapril may exert its effect by inhibiting formation of angiotensin II. This lowers systemic vascular resistance. In addition, ACE inhibitors have a natriuretic effect by inhibition of aldosterone secretion. They have been shown to improve mortality and decrease hospitalization in patients with CHF. | Medicine | C.V.S. |
8ddd5327-945c-4745-b0cf-9cfd6ca1829a | Which of the following is derived from both ectoderm and mesoderm? | Suprarenal gland | Kidney | Pancreas | Spleen | 0a | multi | Adrenal The adrenal gland consists of a superficial Coex and a deeper medulla .the cells of the coex arise from the coelomic epithelium(mesoderm). the cells of the medulla are derived from the neural crest(ectoderm) HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY-INDERBIR SINGH TENTH EDITION-PAGE NO:353 | Anatomy | General anatomy |
b4c3964b-33a6-4a3b-8d9a-f662e2a1f8a6 | Vitamin A is present in all of the following sources of diet, EXCEPT: | Sunflower seeds | Egg | Milk | Tomato | 0a | multi | Sunflower seeds are unusually rich in B complex vitamins. Sunflower seeds also contain a potent antioxidant team of selenium and vitamin E and are significantly deficient in vitamin A. There are two sources of dietary vitamin A. The first, or active form (retinol), is immediately available to the body and can be obtain... | Biochemistry | null |
aab4c2c8-d4de-4038-a123-78efc34381bb | All are true about carcinoma palate except | Bilateral lymph spread | Adenocarcinoma | Slow growing | Presents with pain | 3d | multi | Carcinoma of the hard pate is either squamous or glandular variety. Glandular variety arises from minor salivary glands and it can be of following varieties. a) Adenoid Cystic b) Mucoepidermoid c) Adenocarcinoma (a common site for minor salivary gland tumours is the junction of the hard and soft palate) Clinical featur... | Surgery | Head and neck |
18b35cee-37e3-40ba-b6f0-15e6a64906fd | Fondaparinux is an anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting | Factor Xa more than factor II | Both factor Xa and factor II equally | Only factor Xa | Only factor II | 2c | multi | Fondaparinux is a synthetic congener of Heparin containing only active pentasaccharide unit and inhibits only Xa. It doesn't inhibit thrombin (factor II a). | Pharmacology | null |
1cf785de-8f8d-4201-aa19-b0bcdf6681f9 | Purandare's cervicopexy is done in : | Incompetent cervix | Elongated cervix | Missed IUD | Congenital prolapse of uterus | 3d | single | Ans. is d i.e. Congenital prolapse of uterus Cervicopexy or sling operation (Purandare's operation) Indicated in congenital or nulliparous prolapse without cystocele where the cervix is pulled up mechanically through abdominal route. Strips of rectus sheath of either side passed extraperitoneally and stitched to the po... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
9ba75433-9e4c-40de-82fb-c0b4743421fb | The tensile strength of the wound stas and increase after | Immediate suture of the wound | 3 to 4 days | 7 to 10 days | 6 months | 2c | single | Wound Strength Carefully sutured wounds have approximately 70% of the strength of normal skin When sutures are removed, usually at 1 week, wound strength is approximately 10% of that of unwounded skin this increases rapidly over the next 4 weeks Wound strength reaches approximately 70% to 80% of normal by 3 month ref:-... | Pathology | General pathology |
bf0aac42-006d-4011-8c61-dd7cc6168f59 | A 50 year old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus is found to have 24-hr urinary albumin of 250 mg. Which of thefollowing drugs may be used to retard progression of renal disease - | Hydrochlohiazide | Enalapril | Amiloride | Aspirin | 1b | single | Answer is option 2 - Enalapril ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are specifically indicated to reduce progression of renal disease. Drug specific benefit in patients in diabetic nephropathy independent of blood pressure control has been shown only for ACE inhibitors and ARB&;s in patients with DM. Ref Ha... | Medicine | Endocrinology |
de8f938e-9794-4459-bf6f-0d7818667884 | Which of the following muscle lies between superficial and deep pas of submandibular salivary gland? | Hyoglossus | Styloglossus | Mylohyoid | Geniohyoid | 2c | single | Submandibular gland is a large salivary gland situated in the anterior pa of the digastric triangle. It is roughly J-shaped,being indented by the posterior border of the mylohyoid which divides into a larger pa superficial to the muscle,and a small pa lying deep to the muscle. Reference: B D Chaurasia's human anatomy; ... | Anatomy | Head and neck |
bf14e494-a45e-4d64-ba84-b6f27b5a5b8b | Disease not transmitted by Lice is - | Relapsing fever | Trench fever | Q-fever | Epidemic typhus | 2c | single | Lice are small ectoparasites of mammals and birds. Infestation by lice is called pediculosis. Diseases transmitted by lice and causative agents are Epidemic typhus- rickettsia prowazeki, trench fever- rickettsia quintana, relapsing fever- borrelia recurrentis Q fever is transmitted by soft tick. Park's Textbook of Prev... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health |
cdc381b0-9797-4acd-ab13-08cabf361744 | In embryo, Hemopoiesis is first demonstrable in | Yolk sac | Liver | Spleen | Bone marrow | 0a | single | In the early embryo, hemopoiesis is demonstrable first in the yolk sac, followed by the liver and finally bone marrow.Reference: William&;s Obstetrics; 24th edition; Chapter 7; Embryogenesis and Fetal Morphological Development | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics |
72e3a858-b804-45d9-b60f-409c38468588 | Transformation of one epithelium to other epithelium | Dysplasia | Hyperplasia | Neoplasia | Metaplasia | 3d | single | Ref Robbins 8/e p10,11; 9/e p37 Metaplasia is a reversible change in which one adult cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another adult cell type. In this type of cellular adaptation, a cell type sensitive to a paicular stress is replaced by another cell type better able to withstand the adverse environ... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
3e74ee33-4c7c-4f51-82a5-01a8f9c7135c | True about epidural narcotics (opioids) are all except | Nausea, vomiting (gi side effects) | Pruritis (itching) | Respiratory depression | Act on dorsal horn cells | 3d | multi | D i.e. Act on dorsal horn cells | Anaesthesia | null |
0b6204c6-ee95-4c50-8c27-09b8694d7d0c | Winging of scapula is due to which of these conditions? | Long thoracic nerve palsy | Thoraco-dorsal nerve palsy | Erb's palsy | Klumpke's palsy | 0a | single | Winging of scapula is due to the paralysis of Serratus anterior muscle which is supplied by long thoracic nerve . Long thoraic nerve damage causes paralysis of Serratus muscle. FEATURES: 1)Medial border of the bone becomes unduly prominent 2)Arm cannot be abducted 90 degrees. REF:B D Chaurasia 7th edition Page no: 45. ... | Anatomy | Upper limb |
3decbece-26f2-4298-b781-dbe5b658e748 | What is the treatment of choice for cystosarcoma phylloides? | Wide local excision | Radical mastectomy | Radiotherapy | Chemotherapy | 0a | single | Cystosarcoma phylloides are not simply giant fibroadenoma. They show a wide spectrum of activity, varying from almost a benign condition (85%) to a locally aggressive and sometimes metastatic tumour (15%). Depending on mitotic index and degree of pleomorphism they are graded as low grade to high grade tumours. When mal... | Surgery | Endocrinology and breast |
4ae818eb-2eb4-451b-9b4d-42a4b8a43b04 | Gene of wilsons disease is | ATP 7A | ATP 7B | ADP 7A | ADP 7B | 1b | single | In Wilson's disease, the initial steps of dietary absorption and transpo of copper to the liver are normal but copper accumulates in the liver rather than being excreted by the liver. The underlying defect in chromosome 13 is a mutation in ATP7B gene, the normal hepatic copper excreting gene. TEXTBOOK OF PATHOLOGY 6TH ... | Pathology | G.I.T |
b1ac48d9-89dc-41c8-a432-12fd58c777d7 | Mechanism of action of rifampicin is? | Inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis | DNA dependent RNA polymerase inhibition | Protein synthesis inhibition | Inhibits synthesis of arabinogalactone | 1b | single | R ifampin (Rifampicin, R) It is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin B obtained from Streptomyces mediterranei. Rifampin is bactericidal to M. tu berculosis and many other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria like Staph. aureus, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, E . coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Legio... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
b03d098c-84b7-4d6e-9486-e281d76a21f0 | Metabolic abnormality seen in gastric outlet obstruction is | Hypochloremic, hypokalemic acidosis | Hypochloremic, hypokalemic alkalosis | Hyperchloremic, hypokalemic acidosis | Hypochloremic, hyperkalemic alkalosis | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Hypochloremic, hypokalemic alkalosis Repetitive vomiting leads to hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. The urine is alkaline initially but eventually it becomes acidic (paradoxical aciduria)Cause of paradoxical aciduriaInitially the kidney compensate for metabolic alkalosis by reabsorbing hy... | Surgery | Benign Gastric Disease |
fb672d94-ec79-41f2-aace-43efd80ba2c1 | All of the following cause a False positive Mantoux test except | HIV / AIDS | Prior BCG vaccine | Degraded tuberculin | Faulty technique of injection | 0a | multi | FALSE NEGATIVE MANTOUX Malnutrition HIV / AIDS High fever Measles and chickenpox Use of immunosuppressants / antiallergic drugs | Anatomy | All India exam |
01821eef-25d9-417d-8961-5d9417061133 | A 2O year-old woman presents with bilateral conductive deafness, palpable purpura on the legs and hemoptysis. Radiograph of the chest shows a thin-walled cavity in left lower zone. Investigations reveal total leukocyte count 12,000/mm red cell casts in the urine and 12,000/mm serum creatinine 3 ing/dL .What is the most... | Henoch-Schonlein purpura | Polyaeritis nodosa | Wegener's granulomatosis | Disseminated tuberculosis | 2c | multi | Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis) is characterised by granuloma formation, mainly affecting the nasal passages, airways and kidney. A minority of patients present with glomerulonephritis. The most common presentation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis is with epistaxis, nasa... | Medicine | Immune system |
1f7b062c-a2a3-4e02-b746-7dec2aefadf4 | Figure of 8 configuration on chest x-ray is seen in ? | TOF | ASD | TAPVC | VSD | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., TAPVC X-ray findings of TAPVC o Cardiomegaly o Plethoric lung fields o Snowman or figure of '8' configuration --> In supracardiac TAPVC. o Ground glass appearance of lung In obstructive TAPVC. Clinical manifestations of TAPVC 1)Nonobstructive TAPVC --> Patients presents with mild cyanosis and CHF at 6... | Pediatrics | null |
d1514dae-59d5-4437-aba7-5311de87d931 | 2.IDDM patient presents with septal perforation of nose with brownish black discharge probable diagnosis is: | Rbinosporidiosis | Aspergillus | Leprosy | Mucormycosis | 3d | single | Mucormycosis is a fungal infection of nose and paranasal sinuses which may prove rapidly fatal if untreated.It is seen in uncontrolled diabetes or those taking immunosuppressive drugs.It presents as black necrotic mass filling the nasal cavity and eroding the septum and hard palate. Treatment is by amphotericib B and s... | ENT | Nose and paranasal sinuses |
87483545-8572-476f-80d5-4e913e160ee9 | Which among the following is vaccine for cholera? | PPV23 | Dukoral | Ty 21 a vaccine | JE-MB Nakayama | 1b | single | Ans. (b) DukoralRef: Nelson 18th ed chapter 173, http://wwwnc.cdc/gov/ eid/article/17/11 11-0822 article* Dukoral is indicated for active immunization against disease caused by Vibrio choleraes ero group Ol in adults and children from 2 years of age who will be visiting endemic/epidemic areas* The standard primary cour... | Pediatrics | Immunization |
2dc9135c-eee1-48b4-a615-2f8be2d34712 | Which of these are associated with increased risk of colorectal Ca -a) More intake of animal fatb) Aspirinc) Ulcerative colitisd) Amoebic colitise) Polyps | acd | bde | cde | ace | 3d | single | Risk factors for Colon cancer
Dietay factures - explainaed in previous quetion
Hereditary factors
Polyposis coli
Nonopolyposis herditary colon cancer ( also known as Lynch syndrome)
Inflammatory bowel disease
- Long standing IBD increases the risk
- Risk is more with ulcerative colitis than crohn's disese.
- Ris... | Pathology | null |
cbd14a48-a8dd-4d96-a06b-11544946982d | Sociology- | Study of human relationship | Study of behaviour | Both | None | 2c | multi | sociology ; study of human relationships and behaviour for a better understanding of the pattern of human life. it also concerned with the effects on the individual of the ways in which other individuals think and act ref ;(page no;670)23rd edition of PARK's textbook of Preventive and Social medicine | Social & Preventive Medicine | Social science, Mental health & Genetics |
04022e53-d467-4ded-b6b0-46e81f520a4e | Drug causing malignant hyperthermia: | Cisatracurium | Suxamethonium | Propofol | Thiopentone | 1b | single | Ans. b. Suxamethonium (Ref: Milier's 7/e p1180-1189, Lee 13/e p352-354, Morgan 4/e p945-950)Suxamethonium is the drug most commonly responsible for causing malignant hyperthermia. | Anaesthesia | Complications Of Anaesthesia |
5951c8e6-c7e7-4104-b20d-66732a26532a | True about Trendelenburg operation is | Stripping of superficial varicose vein | Ligation of perforators | Flush ligation of superficial varicose veins | Ligation of sho saphenous vein | 2c | multi | Tredelenburg Operation Consists of saphenofemoral junction flush ligation & Greater saphenous vein (GSV) stripping All four tributaries (superficial Inferior epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac, deep & superficial external pudendal veins) is divided Ligate the GSV deep to all tributaries flush with the common femo... | Surgery | Vascular surgery |
5343e485-d50e-4dbf-9e61-3080fa6c57a5 | Klumpke's palsy is due to injury to the following nerves? | Inferior trunk of the brachial plexus | Superior trunk of the brachial plexus | Subscapular nerve | Ulnar nerve | 0a | single | The upper trunk (C5 and C6) is the most common area injured and results in the classic Erb palsy. Injury to the lower trunk (C7-T1) produces a Klumpke palsy. Klumpke palsy is characterized by good shoulder function but decreased or absent hand function. Brachial plexus injuries may also cause a Horner syndrome (unilate... | Anatomy | null |
fb8fc6d1-f658-49b2-a358-6f93c5537491 | Cause of chronic tropical pancreatitis is ? | Parasitic infection | Cassava ingestion | Indiopathic | Generic | 1b | single | .Chronic pancreatitis is more common in males, common in Kerala (induced by diet, rich in Tapioca). Aetiology * Alcohol - 80% * Stones in biliary tree - rare cause * Malnutrition, diet * Hyperparathyroidism * Hereditary (familial hereditary pancreatitis) * Idiopathic - 20% - as mutation * Trauma * Congenital anomaly (P... | Surgery | G.I.T |
77f2de26-ea38-42db-a774-11189668357f | The SI unit of radiation absorbed dose is | Rad | Becquerel | Gray | Sieve | 2c | single | Ref Robbins 9/e p428 Gray is a unit that expresses the energy absorbed by the target tissue per unit mass Radiation UNITS Roentgen: Is the measurement of energy produced by Gamma or X-Ray radiation in a cubic centimeter of air. It is abbreted with the capital "R". One milliroentgen, abbreted "mR" is one-thousandth of a... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
bfc166ab-500e-43f6-99b1-509356d54f80 | Local anaesthetic with prolonged action - | Procaine | Cocaine | Lidocaine | Dibucaine | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Dibucaineo Dibucaine is the longest acting local anaesthetico Chlorprocaine is the shortest acting local anaesthetico Decreasing order of duration : - Dibucaine > Bupivacine = Tetracaine = Ropivacaine =Etidocaine > Prilocaine = Lignocaine = Mepivacaine = Cocaine > Procaine > Chlorprocaine. | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous (Local and Regional Anesthesia) |
ca0062a9-d5c1-4f4a-b1a0-6ddd66c303fc | A 18-month old baby presents with recurrent episodes of excessive crying followed by cyanosis, unconsciousness and occassional seizures since 9 months of age. The most likely diagnosis is - | Epilepsy | Anoxic spells | Breath holding spells | Vasovagal attack | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Breath holding spells | Pediatrics | null |
9e659639-b8e0-4395-879d-0d3be6c0a992 | In Bing test, on alternately compressing and releasing the external acoustic meatus, the sound increases and decreases. This indicates | Otosclerosis | Sensorineural deafness | Adhesive otitis media | Chronic suppurative otitis media | 1b | single | Tests for bone conduction TestPrincipleMethodImpressionBing test Examines the effect of occlusion of ear canal on hearing Tuning fork placed on mastoid while examiner alternatively closes & opens the ear canal by pressing on the tragus inwards Patient hears louder when the ear canal is occluded & softer when the ear ca... | Pathology | All India exam |
7473af85-8ec9-48fc-903c-fe8c9f7e1c09 | Differentiation of hysterical fits from epileptic fit - | Occurs in sleep | Injuries to person | Incontinence | Occurs when people are watching | 3d | single | Hysterical fits (conversion seizure) never occur in sleep (epileptic fit can occur during sleep).
Injury, tongue biting and urinary incontinence are rare in conversion seizure (these can occur in epileptic fit).
Hysterical fits (conversion seizure) usually occur when people are observing (epileptic fit has no relation ... | Psychiatry | null |
ca75935b-977b-4641-b50f-4d73817e6cd5 | AML transformation common in | Aplastic anemia | MDS | Megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia | CLL | 0a | single | Aplastic anemia to AML Aplastic anemia (AA) is a clinical syndrome of peripheral blood pancytopenia and a hypocellular bone marrow. Immunosuppressive therapy is a key treatment strategy for AA. Genomic instability in AA does not appear to be a rare event. AA evolves into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in 5-15% of all cas... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
a555434e-7057-4325-bcf4-c43f212cefa4 | Which of the following does NOT stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors: | Hypoxia | Hypocapnia | Acidosis | Low perfusion pressure | 1b | single | B i.e. Hypocapnia | Physiology | null |
3aeca513-11a5-43d8-829e-0334b3803a3b | After a brawl, a young male presented with inability to extend his distal interphalangeal joint. An X-ray was taken and was shown to be normal. What should he the next step in managing the patient? | Splint | Surgery | Wax bath | Ignore | 0a | multi | Ans. a. Splint (Ref. Apley's 8/e p339)Mallet finger is avulsion fracture of distal phalanx due to sudden flexion.Matlet finger (Baseball finger)Avulsion of extensor tendon of the distal interphalangeal joint from its insertion at the base of distal phalanxQ.It results from sudden passive flexionQ of the distal interpha... | Orthopaedics | Fractures of Metacarpals, Phalanges, Metacarpo-Phalangeal Joints |
598be909-e181-40bd-9a51-b84e1393b089 | Denver shunt used in? | Ascites | Dialysis | Raised ICP | Raised IOP | 0a | single | Denver shunt is a one way valve peritoneo-venous shunt done in order to drain ascitic fluid from peritoneal cavity to internal jugular vein with additional facility of having a chamber to evacuate the debris by digital pressure. Reference : page 626 SRB's manual of surgery 5th edition | Surgery | Urology |
5274da57-a250-4306-a772-0660670b7b37 | Which test is used to measure nasal mucociliary clearance? | Saccharin test | SISI test | handkerchief test | Endoscopy | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Saccharin test Nasal mucociliary clearance testso Nasal nitric oxide measuremento Saccharin testo Tests using radioisotope labeled particlesNasal myiasis (Maggots in nose)o It results from the presence of ova of flies particularly chrysomia species in the nose which produce ulceration and destruction ... | ENT | Nose and PNS |
0df9317a-4ad3-4cdd-95aa-206293432564 | Intermediate syndrome with loss of muscle power is associated with poisoning due to ? | Barbiturates | Carbon monoxide | Cyanide | Organophosphorous compounds | 3d | single | Intermediate syndrome with muscle weakness is characteristic of organophosphates poisoning. | Forensic Medicine | null |
5f8f3662-d5c4-4e3d-a0db-f89f3e21d16c | Vaccum extraction is done when : | Cervix dilated more than 8 cm | Persistent occipito posterior | Deep transverse arrest | All | 3d | multi | All | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
d8a17f54-bda0-4a58-8c8a-11cd41e54e50 | Most common site of hypeensive intraparenchymal hemorrhage in brain: March 2013 | Pons | Thalamus | Putamen | Cerebellum | 2c | single | Ans. C i.e. Putamen Sites of intracerebral hemorrhage includes putamen (55%), thalamus (20-3-%), cerebrllum (10%), pons (5-7%) and subcoical white matter (10-15%) | Pathology | null |
72bf1284-8d18-4e9a-88f7-3f29d50bd2a1 | Fluorescin angiography is used to examine- | Ciliary vasculature | Retinal vasculature | Corneal vasculature | Conjuctival vasculature | 1b | single | Fluorescin angiography used to examine: Retinal vasculature in DM retinopathy patients for neovascularization. Normal retinal vasculature on flouroscein angiography. | Radiology | Angiography |
36a4af3e-0109-48e5-a234-74ef5962df3e | All of the following immunohistochemical markers are positive in the neoplastic cells of granulocytic sarcoma, except - | CD45RO | CD43 | Myeloperoxidase | Lysozyme | 0a | multi | Granulocytic sarcoma (Chloroma or myeloblastoma)
Granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma is a solid tumor composed of myeloblasts.
A chloroma is an extramedullary manifestation of AML, i.e., it is a solid collection of leukemic cells occurring outside of the bone marrow.
These tumor often have a green tint due to the presenc... | Pathology | null |
02f63f07-f870-4107-bafc-455eafb12ca6 | Cyclops play an impoant role in the transmission of: | Typhoid | Yellow fever | Dracunculiasis | Ancylostomiasis | 2c | single | Guinea Worm Causative agent: Dracunculus medinensis. Mode of transmission: consumption of water containing Cyclops harbouring infective stage of parasite - Hence option-3 is the answer. Type of disease: water-based disease. Type of biological transmission: Cyclo development transmission. India ceified for elimination o... | Social & Preventive Medicine | VBDs, Arboviral & Viral Infections, Surface Infections |
53eb8813-c7a2-4a2a-b3fd-05e008136f31 | Nicotinic receptors are seen in all except:September 2007 | Neuromuscular junction | Autonomic ganglia of autonomic nervous system | Bronchial smooth muscle | Brain | 2c | multi | Ans. C: Bronchial Smooth MuscleThe nicotinic cholinergic receptors are found in the neuromuscular junctions of somatic muscles; stimulation of these receptors causes muscular contraction. They are also found in the autonomic ganglia of autonomic nervous system andcentral nervous systemMuscarinic receptors are found in:... | Physiology | null |
d34cfa5a-9a5f-49a7-87bc-6ace3abd80ba | Gas gangrene is/are caused by- | C. novyi | C. septicum | C. histolyticum | All | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., C.novyi 'b' C.septicum; 'c' i.e., C. histolyticum | Microbiology | null |
de65581d-705e-4e7b-8ce7-bc82d387f1bb | True regarding myocardial O2 demand? | Inversely related to heart rate | Has constant relation to external cardiac work | Directly proportional to duration of systole | Is negligible at rest | 2c | multi | Oxygen demand depends on the work being done. The work done is to pump the blood which is in the ventricles (preload) against the resistance in the aorta (afterload).
So, myocardial oxygen demand depends on
Rate - Directly proportional
Contractility - Directly proportional
Intramyocardial tension - Directly proportio... | Physiology | null |
fde26c35-3be4-4a68-a053-8178c2bb5d3b | A case of acute cholecystitis now presents with acute pain sharp going to the back diagnosis | Acute pancreatitis | Cholecystitis | Appendicitis | Aortic aneurysm | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Acute pancreatitisRef: Sabiston 20th edition Page 1496 Gall stone pancreatitis:* As GB stone passes the common channel it irritates the Pancreatic system and causes pancreatitis.* Patient's will have continued back pain even after stone passes.* Most cases of gall stone pancreatitis settles by conservative man... | Surgery | Gall Bladder & Bile Ducts |
10ec3a61-6774-4ebe-bebc-1c30f2f4987d | Levels of sex hormone binding globulin in PCOD | Increased | Decreased | Unchanged | Variable | 1b | single | In PCOD, SHBG Levels are decreased. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
888fce1e-4d1a-423b-ae08-7509d4014a55 | Best time for hearing assessment in an infant ? | 1st month of life | 3-6 months | 6-9 months | 9-12 months | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1st month of life The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Joint Committee on Infant hearing (2007), has recommended that all newborn infants be screened for hearing impairment either as neonate or before 1 month of age and that those infants who fail newborn screening have an audiologic examination ... | ENT | null |
8b3b32bc-ad55-4966-96fa-fe04c95ca7b0 | Persistent belief in something which is not a fact is : | Illusion | Hallucination | Delusion | Delirium | 2c | multi | C. i.e. Delusion | Psychiatry | null |
e36ad533-afaa-4e26-b69e-3557e14d131f | A 24-year-old female with long standing history of sinusitis present with fevers, headache (recent origin) and personality changes; Fundus examination revealed papilledema. Most likely diagnosis is: | Frontal lobe abscess | Meningitis | Encephalitis | Frontal bone osteomyelitis | 0a | single | Patient is presenting with fever, headache and personality changes which is typical of frontal lobe abscess (which is a complication of chronics sinusitis). In meningitis and encephalitis although patient presents with fever and headache, but personality changes are not seen. Frontal bone osteomyelitis (Pott's puffy tu... | ENT | null |
b637cd13-9746-4e76-8e62-94ec70664892 | Nerve entrapped in pyriformis syndrome is | Superior gluteal nerve | Inferior gluteal nerve | Pudendal nerve | Sciatic nerve | 3d | single | Entrapment of Sciatic nerve by inflamed pyriformis muscle is called as pyriformis syndrome. | Anatomy | null |
df632e5f-6d93-4871-be09-9ea9bd0f9ff0 | Which of the following is an anti apoptotic gene | C_myc | P53 | Bcl_2 | Bax | 2c | single | Ref : Harrison 17/e p506 ; Robbins 9/e p19 synthesize anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, the two main ones of which are Bcl-2 itself and Bcl-xL. These proteins antagonize Bax and Bak, and thus limit the escape of the mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins. Cells deprived of growth factors not only activate the p... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
cb8f42c1-ec33-4f89-844e-752762b6ee71 | Not self retaining hand held retractor (s) is/are: | Mollison's mastoid retractor | Jansen's mastoid retractor | Lempe's endaural retractor | Davis Retractor | 3d | single | Answer- D. Davis RetractorThese retractors do not need an assistant to hold them in place.It hold tissue apa and lock it in place.Hand held retractor-Hohmann RetractorLahey RetractorSenn RetractorBlair (Rollet) RetractorRigid RakeFlexible RakeRagnell RetractorLinde-Ragnell RetractorDavis Retractor | ENT | null |
f748ceb2-26f6-42d8-b766-702123b64c8a | Which pattern on abdominal radiograph is suggestive of intestinal obstruction? | Step ladder pattern | String of beads pattern | Diffuse ground glass opacity | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. D. All of the aboveThere are 4 patterns that may be seen on abdomen radiograph which suggest intestinal obstruction. The classical is multiple air fluid levels which is also known as step ladder pattern. However, if most of the dilated bowels are filled with fluid then residual air bubbles get trapped between the ... | Radiology | G.I.T. |
c637dfb8-75c0-4c00-af51-8071ff42a992 | A lady has B/L hearing loss since 4 years which worsened during pregnancy. Type of impedance audiometry graph will be: | Ad | As | B | C | 1b | single | (b) As(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 2213)Lady with B/L hearing loss with history of worsening during pregnancy is suggestive of otosclerosis.Impedance audiometry shows As type curve (normal middle ear pressure with reduced compliance). This is diagnostic of otosclerosis.Ad type curve is seen in ossicular discontinuity.B typ... | ENT | Otosclerosis |
a73b56db-a712-42b9-a8ef-037ef08423e1 | Sweaty feet odor is seen in | Maple syrup urine disease | Gauchers disease | Isovaleric acidemia | Phenylketonuria | 2c | single | Sweaty feat odor - Isovaleric AcidemiaSmoky sweat - MSUDMousy or Musty - PhenylketonuriaBoiled cabbage - TyrosinemiaIn alkaptonuria - urine becomes darkish brown when exposed to air while purplish brown in porphyria(Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, SAE, 1st edition, pg no. 651) | Pediatrics | All India exam |
17b8471f-d82c-4236-a843-66e19ce561b0 | Which of the following statement is false about hydrocele? | Arises due to patent processus vaginalis | Wait for 5 years for spontaneous closure of congenital hydrocele | Lord's plication of sac for small hydrocele | Jaboulay's eversion of sac for medium hydrocele | 1b | multi | Treatment of Hydrocele Congenital Hydrocele: Usually spontaneous obliteration by 2 years age. If persists then Herniotomy. Treatment of Vaginal Hydrocele 1. Small hydrocele: Lord's procedure (Plication of sac)Q 2. Medium hydrocele: Jaboulay's procedure (Eversion of sac)Q 3. Large hydrocele: Excision of sacQ | Surgery | Testis and scrotum |
fd575e69-9635-49e4-b492-ea1421c69b27 | Asha scheme is associated with - | ICDS | Rural health mission | 20 points programme | Minimum needs programme | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Rural health mission | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
7e13f63b-98aa-4207-8227-45e3ae6aaabf | Quality control agent for Sterilization in Autoclave | Bacillus subtilis | Bacillus pumilus | Bacillus stearothermophilus | Bacillus globigi | 2c | single | Autoclaving Geobacillus stearothermophilus(GBS) Hydroclaving Bacillus subtilis Microwaving Bacillus atrophaeus Dry heat GBS or Bacillus atrophaeus | Social & Preventive Medicine | Biomedical Waste Management |
080139cb-a495-44a8-908e-26689b910af6 | After a leisure trip, a patient comes with gritty pain in eye, and joint pain following an episode of urinary infection. What is the most probable diagnosis? | Reiter's syndrome | Bachet's syndrome | Sarcoidosis | SLE | 0a | single | Reiter 's syndrome now referred to as reactive ahritis (ReA), is a classic triad of ahritis, nongonococcal urethritis and conjunctivitis. Reactive ahritis is triggered following enteric or urogenital infections. Reactive ahritis is associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27. Bacteria associated with reactive ahr... | Medicine | null |
46820a45-6cc1-4b20-a974-91603b7cda04 | Blood stained nipple discharge is seen in: | Breast abscess | Fibro adenoma | Ductal papilloma | Fat necrosis of breast | 2c | single | Ans. (c) Ductal papilloma(Ref: Schwartz 10/e p554)MC Cause of Blood Stained Nipple Discharge in* Young age - Duct Papilloma* Old Age - Carcinoma Breast. | Surgery | Breast |
fe0ae1c6-da95-45ec-b9bd-9233054b5388 | Acidification of urine occur in? | Collecting ducts | PCT | Ascending limb of loop of henle | Descending limb of loop of henle | 1b | single | Acidification of urine occur in PCTRef: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th edition; page no; 712 | Physiology | Renal physiology |
c876ff25-28cf-4dd5-b695-a9f9e008e910 | Not a Radiological feature of achalasia cardia | Megaesophagus | Bird beak appearance | Rat tailed appearance | Antral nipple sign | 3d | single | Antral nipple sign - Feature of Congenital hypertrophic pyloric Stenosis. | Radiology | null |
f7dc1cd6-0f1b-4557-be86-aeb257a64b94 | Keratinising metaplasia of salivary glands results due to deficiency of | Vitamin A | Thiamine | Riboflavin | Vitamin E | 0a | single | Vitamin A deficiency produces keratinizing metaplasia of the normally columnar ductal epithelium in the major and minor salivary glands.
Ref : Handbook of Experimental Stomatology,edited by Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy. | Biochemistry | null |
02686e88-16b5-431a-b436-7c4c783b0f9e | PPV does not depend on | Sensitivity | Specificity | Prevalence of disease | Incidence of disease | 3d | single | Positive Predictive Value(PPV) depends on
Sensitivity
Specificity
Prevalence of disease
PPV ∝ Prevalence of disease.
PPV is directly proportional to prevalence of disease. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
2af893a6-93a8-4b81-9830-099040317a98 | Adult scabies is characterized by – a) Involve palm & solesb) Involve facec) Involve anterior abdomend) Involve web spacee) Involve genitalia | cde | acd | bde | ade | 0a | single | Adult scabies involves web of fingers, flexor surfaces of wrist, ulnar border of forearm, anterior axillary fold, umblicus & periumblical regions (anterior abdomen), Genitals, upper thigh, lower part of Buttocks.
Scalp, face, Palm and soles are characteristically spared. | Dental | null |
cba217e1-c5e9-41c6-a2e2-b2d7d6f80133 | All except one is true regarding minimum alveolar concentration | Lower the MAC, higher the potency | Rate of induction depends on MAC | Nitrous oxide has MAC value of 104 and thus is least potent | Methoxy flurane has lowest MAC value | 1b | multi | Rate of induction depends on Blood gas partition coefficient. | Anaesthesia | null |
2a5b8341-eae8-498b-93ca-a3dbfda7cd21 | Mikulicz cells and Russell bodies are seen in? | Rhinoscleroma | Rhinosporidiosis | Scleroderma | Lupus vulgaris | 0a | single | ANSWER: (A) RhinosderomaREF: P L Dhingra 4th edition page 149Also See APPENDIX-25 for "FEW IMPORTANT BODIES IN MEDICAL SCIENCE"DIAGNOSIS OF RHINOSCLEROMA:Biopsy shows infiltration of submucosa with plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, Mikulicz cells and Russell bodies. The latter two are diagnostic features of the d... | ENT | Granulomatous Disorders of Nose Nasal Polyp And Foreign Body |
a37fe42f-bf5e-4088-b8d0-3223c8657c93 | Unique histological feature of Leydig cell tumor of testis? | Reinke's crystals | Psammomma bodies | Michaelis-Guttman bodies | None | 0a | multi | Ans. a (Reinke's crystals) (Ref. Shaw's Textbook of Gynecology, 14th ed., 341)HILUS CELL TUMOR (LEYDIG CELL TUMOR)# It arises from cells in the ovarian hilum.# It has Reinke crystals in cells, a distinguishing feature of the Leydig or interstitial cells of the testis.# Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors should be suspected in ... | Pathology | Male Genital Tract |
eb889425-4b94-4f7f-a8bb-a85a39cc2701 | In a child who is allergic to egg, which vaccine should be avoided ? | Measles | MMR | Influenza | DPT | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Influenza | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
40155ffb-07a2-4d8b-ba0e-df0ea34d4205 | Light radiographic film is due to: | Overdeveloping | Overfixing | Directly putting in fixer | Exposure to sunlight | 1b | single | LIGHT RADIOGRAPHS
Processing Errors
Underdevelopment (temperature too low; time too short; thermometer inaccurate) Depleted developer solution
Diluted or contaminated developer
Excessive fixation
Underexposure
Insufficient mA
Insufficient kVp
Insufficient time
Film-source distance too great
Film packet revers... | Radiology | null |
851bcc52-cd81-4aae-a405-1bf847f25275 | Clostridium difficile can be spread through all EXCEPT- | Oral - fecal route | Direct | Hand to hand contact | Needles | 3d | multi | Ans. (d) NeedlesRef: Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Paniker 8th ed. /251, 263, 634* The organism is carried by about 3% of the general population and about 30% of the hospitalised patients in their gastrointestinal tract.* It is usually transmitted by the feco-oral route and direct contact and hand to hand transmis... | Microbiology | Clostridium |
2286ed4c-3bd9-4b4e-b15d-06780c19f470 | The chracteristic symptom of organic psychosis is | Hallucination | Depression | Transient Delusion | Anxiety | 2c | multi | C i.e. Transient delusions | Psychiatry | null |
2dac9898-4a0f-4e4a-b960-5afad0b338c2 | Hemophilia A has increased: | PT | PTT | PT & PTT | None | 1b | multi | PTT (Ref: Robbin's 7th Ed/Pg 656) "Patients with hemophilia, typically have a normal BT, platelet count & PT & a prolonged PTT." Remember these, BT is prolonged in: 1.Thrombocytopenic purpura 2. Von willebrand's disease CT is prolonged in Hemophilia PT: normal =10-14 sec Prolonged in deficiency of: 1. Factors I, II, V,... | Surgery | null |
a19caa75-b939-4c67-a42c-841cfcc1d800 | Wedged hepatic venous pressure represents pressure in : | Main poal vein | Main hepatic vein | Sinusoids | Central vein radicles | 2c | single | C i.e. SinusoidsWedged Hepatic Venous Pressure - It is the pressure recorded by a catheter wedged in a hepatic vein.- It reflects the contribution of hepatic sinusoids to poal venous pressure.Q- It is elevated in sinusoidal & presinusoidal poal hypeension,- Poal venous pressure: Wedged hepatic venous pressure - free he... | Physiology | null |
5395d03e-2cbb-4577-9fae-727914b68c26 | Skin grafting done on wound following major skin taken from twin brother - | Isograft | Allograft | Autograft | Xenograft | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e.,Isograft | Surgery | Reconstructive Techniques |
896e648e-4757-4ad8-bee7-696a7cd89eba | Drug that does not causes cardiac depression:- | Propofol | Ketamine | Etomidate | Thiopentone | 2c | single | Drug Action Thiopentone Decreases systemic vascular resistance, |BP,|HR,myocardial depression Propofol Decreases systemic vascular resistance,|BP, |HR, myocardial depression Etomidate CVS stable, adrenal insufficiency Ketamine In the presence of catecholamines it |HR, |BP | Anaesthesia | NEET 2019 |
b9c87350-3fc8-49c9-a706-f7c61d350a6f | Fetal bradycardia is defined as : | Less than 100 beat/min | Between 100 and 200 beat/min | Less than 120 beat/min | Less than 120 beat/min for a period of 15 min of continuous monitoring | 3d | single | Less than 120 beat/min for a period of 15 min of continuous monitoring | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
9527e949-2885-4a5d-af7d-a365b859aa43 | 10 babies were born in a hospital 5 were less than 2.5 kg. And 5 were greater than 2.5 kg the average is -a) Arithmetic averageb) Geometric averagec) Median disposal d) Mode average | ac | bc | ad | b | 0a | single | From the given data it can be mean or it can be median. Lets see :-
Suppose the weight of 10 newborn are :1.8, 2.7, 2.9, 2.1, 1.8, 3.0, 3.2, 2.3, 3.2, 2.0
5 values are less than 2.5 and 5 values are more than 2.5
Mean
mean = 1.8 + 2.7 + 2.9 + 2.1 + 1.8 + 3.0 + 3.2 + 2.0 / 10 = 25/10 = 2.5
Median
Arrange the data in a... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
405b6b0f-65c1-4e95-b004-b96ca2cfd294 | Roth's spots are found in | Acute rheumatic fever | Congestive cardiac failure | Infective endocarditis | Restrictive cardiomyopathy | 2c | single | White-centered retinal hemorrhages (Roth's spots) are considered pathognomonic for subacute bacterial endocarditis, but they also appear in leukemia, diabetes, and many other conditions. Endophthalmitis also occurs as a complication of ocular surgery, occasionally months or even years after the operation. ( Harrison&;s... | Pathology | Cardiovascular system |
4f51c413-224b-4c5f-9929-2a6d04ddea89 | Peliosis hepatis is caused by all except | Analgesics | Anabolic steroids | OC pills | Danazol | 0a | multi | Peliosis Hepatis Although sinusoidal dilatation can occur secondary to many liver diseases, peliosis hepatis is an uncommon condition of primary sinusoidal dilatation that results in blockage of blood outflow and may result in massive intraperitoneal haemorrhage. Although exact etiology is not known, peliosis hepatis a... | Pathology | G.I.T |
8f627049-cc27-486c-bf83-0343c7d56063 | Which of the following is an example of heterophile antibody test ? | Widal test | Weil-Felix reaction | Rose-waler test | Blood grouping & cross matching | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Weil-Felix reaction Heterophilic agglutination reaction Some organisms of different class or species share closely related antigens. When serum containing agglutinin (antibody) of one organism gives agglutination reaction with antigen of other organism, it is called heterophilic agglutination test. Ex... | Microbiology | null |
215a54ec-ede2-47da-a6fc-bdd10bb55df2 | Criteria to diagnose PID include all of the following except: | Uterine tenderness | Cervical motion tenderness | Nausea and Vomiting | Adnexal tenderness | 2c | multi | Criteria for the diagnosis of PID: - Minimum Criteria 1) Lower abdominal tenderness 2) Adnexal tenderness 3) Cervical motion tenderness. Additional criteria 1. Culture and senstivity of Endometrial biopsy Vaginal swab Cervical swab Culture media for Gonorrhea: Thayer Main media Chlamydia: Mc Coy cell lines (PCR preferr... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Genital Tract Infections (Too hot to handle!) |
dbeabbf3-02fe-4d9f-a734-9faae32e67af | A 15-year-old boy presented with one day history of bleeding gum, subconjunctival bleed and purpuric rash. Investigations revealed following results: Hb- 6.4 gm/dL; TLC-1,00,000/microlitre, platelet 35,000/cubic millimetre; prothrombin time-20 sec with a control of 13 sec; paial thromboplastin time-50sec; and Fibrinoge... | myeloblastic leukemia without maturation | Myeloblastic leukemia with maturation | Promyelocytic leukema | Myelomonocytic leukemia | 2c | single | Acute promyelocytix leukemia is associated with serious coagulation abnormality ,disseminated intravascular coagulation. The platelet count is moderately to severly reduced( below 50,000/microlitre).Bleeding tendencies manifest as spontaneous bruising ,petechiae,bleeding from gums, & other bleeding tendencies . Referen... | Medicine | Haematology |
986fb210-ba34-4852-b41c-09282cef3f9b | 1 to 2 mm haemorrhages in skin are known as: | Micro bleed | Petechiae | Purpura | None of the above | 1b | multi | Minute 1- to 2-mm hemorrhages into skin, mucous membranes, or serosal surfaces are called petechiae. These are most commonly associated with locally increased intravascular pressure, low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia), or defective platelet function (as in uremia). Ref: Robbins 8th edition Chapter 4. | Pathology | null |
31e4b89a-2134-4643-ad21-2e35db11a5ff | Intralobar sequestration of lung takes its blood supply from - | Internal mammary artery' | Descending abdominal aorta | Pulmonary artery | None of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Descending abdominal aorta o A sequestration consists of normally developed bronchioles and alveoli supplied by systemic rather than pulmonary arteries.o This blood supply is from the Aorta either above or below the diaphragm.o Mostly fapprox 95%) this is from the descending thoracic aorta.o Other cha... | Surgery | Miscellaneous (Lung) |
cc4db430-144c-4d1e-80e8-5ddc18bec26c | Central nervous system manifestion in chronic renal failure are a result of all of the following except - | Hyperosmolarity | Hyperparathyroidisn | Acidosis | Hyponatremia | 0a | multi | Chronic renal failure results in- Sodium and water retention leading to hyponatremia(not common and responds to water restriction). Decreased ca absorption -Hypocalcemia-increase in PTH -Hyperphosphatemia,increased bone resorption resulting in hypercalcemia-deposition of calcium in extraosseous sites such as vascular b... | Medicine | Kidney |
793e77d8-2a03-4f1f-8218-758ae58f9fb2 | One of the following disease will show urinary bladder calcification radiologically which resembles fetal head in pelvis: | Tuberculosis | Schistosomiasis | Chronic cystitis | Malignancy | 1b | multi | A plain film of the abdomen may show areas of grayness in the flank (enlarged hydronephrotic kidney) or in the bladder area (large tumor). Opacifications (stones) may be noted in the kidney, ureter, or bladder. Linear calcification may be seen in the ureteral and bladder walls. Punctate calcification of the ureter (ure... | Surgery | null |
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