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cae62ac1-30da-4173-9548-c13d86d61b97 | The comparison of the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome C different species shows many variations. Most of these variations are found | Randomly | Only in helical regions | Only in strand regions | Mainly in loop regions | 0a | single | Reference satyanarayana 4e | Biochemistry | Respiratory chain |
26b572dd-795e-4b8c-830f-8e119f2b1a94 | Interval between primary and secondary case is called as? | Generation time | Serial interval | Incubation period | Lead time | 1b | multi | The serial interval is generally estimated from the interval between clinical onsets, in which case it is the 'clinical onset serial interval' when these quantities are observable. It could, in principle, be estimated by the time interval between infection and subsequent transmission. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
7b89cf63-dcc8-4c30-bcd8-3ca15de94649 | All the following diseases are associated with peripheral blood eosinophilia except : | Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) | Loffler's syndrome. | Pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma | Chrug-Strauss syndrome | 2c | multi | Answer is C (Pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma) : All options mentioned in the question other than pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma are classified under this group of disorders termed 'pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia'. Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia: (PIE, eosinophilic pneumonias). Constituted by distin... | Medicine | null |
6c01a7ea-7c91-4842-820d-95b6dfc1aa94 | Inhalational agent with lowest blood gas coefficient is: | Isoflurane | NO | Xenon | Enflurane | 2c | single | Ans: (c) XenonRef. Stoelting's Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice, 4th edition 4.Blood gas partition coefficient (BG coefficient): It is ratio of solubility of a gas (inhalational agent) in blood and in the air (alveolar air)"Low the BG coefficient = Lesser the solubility of gas in blood = Rapid onset o... | Anaesthesia | General Anesthesia |
dde26377-13df-463e-82b7-83a908ce788c | Type of human papilloma virus associated with cacinoma cervix - | Types 6, 12, 18 | Types 16, 18, 31 | Types 6, 8, 11 | Types 3, 10, 19 | 1b | single | HPV 16&18 related to cervical cancer REF:ANATHANARAYANAN MICROBIOLOGY NINTH EDITION PAGE.553 | Microbiology | Virology |
3ddb7b5f-93fb-420b-a7d2-d7d53a38dee0 | The cell type most typically seen in the Keratic precipitates of non-granulomatous uveitis is: | Polymorphonuclear cells | Lymphocytes | Plasma cells | Epitheloid cells | 1b | multi | Ans. Lymphocytes | Ophthalmology | null |
1afe2056-678b-4871-8d40-9b0fae6cdc40 | First extensor compament of wrist have which of the following structures | Extensor pollicis brevis | Extensor carpi radialis longus | Extensor carpi radialis brevis | Extensor digiti minimi | 0a | single | Tendon of extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis pass through the second compament of extensor retinaculum.Tendon of extensor digiti minimi passes through the sixth compament.B D Chaurasia 7th edition Page no: 137 | Anatomy | Upper limb |
f4333893-cf68-4169-af3f-5764c836c82d | Which of the following Enterovirus species causes Acute Hemorrhagic Viral Conjunctivitis. | Enterovirus 68 | Enterovirus 69 | Enterovirus 70 | Enterovirus 71 | 2c | single | Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is primarily caused by enterovirus 70. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is an epidemic form of highly contagious conjnctivitis, characterized conjunctival hemorrhages. The first AHC outbreak was described in 1969 in Ghana, West Africa, and was called Apollo disease, from the Apoll... | Microbiology | Virology |
4d42eff3-9cec-4645-bd73-d46349ab68d4 | Safe water criteria include – a) Free from pathogensb) Free from harmful chemicalsc) Free from chlorined) Free from colour and odoure) Usable for agricultural purposes | acd | bcd | abc | abd | 3d | single | Safe and wholesome water
Water intended for human consumption should be both safe and wholesome.
This has been defined as :-
Free from pathogenic agents.
Free from harmful chemical substances.
Pleasant to the taste, i.e., free from colour and odour; and
Usable for domestic purposes.
Water is said to be polluted o... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
7c6d1f8a-f325-4a35-a64c-6b349b620199 | An HIV positive, 36 years old female on A councils. Which of the following 1st trimester markers of Down Syndrome would be affected by? | B-hcg | PAPP-A | NT | All of the above | 0a | multi | Triple test It is a combined biochemical test which includes MSAFP,hCG,UE3 Used in detection of down&;s syndrome In an affected pregnancy level of MSAFP AND UE3 tend to be low and hCG is high performed at 15-18weeks D.C.DUTTA&;S TEXTBOOK OF OBSTETRICS,Pg no:106,7th edition | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Diagnosis in obstetrics |
5b997f4a-c4ae-4048-a6b5-7577c04a8953 | Disposable syringes are sterilized by ? | Autoclave | Cidex (2% glutaraldehyde) | Ethylene oxide | Hot air oven | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ethylene oxide "Ethylene oxide used mainly by industry for the sterilization of plastic and other thermolabile material that can not withstand heating" -- Greenwood 16th/e p. 74. Other methods for sterilization of heat labile instruments Ionizing radiation Formaldehyde in combination with subatmospher... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
580af618-b29c-4a8a-986d-d256273343ed | False statement about Acyclovir is | Useful and efficient only for recurrent herpes infections | Inhibits thymidine kinase | Doesn't work on other viruses | Metabolized and excreted through kidneys | 2c | multi | (C) Doesn't work on other viruses # ACYCLOVIR is an antiviral drug.> Acyclovir is active only againist herpes group of viruses.> Both simplex and varicella zoster have been found to develop resistance to acyclovir during therapy the former primarily due to mutants deficiency in thymidine kinase activity.> This deoxigua... | Pharmacology | Miscellaneous (Pharmacology) |
9e585673-62ae-4921-98e4-df308f760765 | Which of the following is the most common complication of this procedure? | Shunt stenosis | Capsular hemorrhage | Metabolic encephalopathy | Recurrent variceal bleed | 2c | single | The procedure shown in the figure is TIPSS (TRANSJUGULAR INTRA -HEPATIC POO - SYSTEMIC SHUNT) - Non selective shunt A shunt is placed b/w right hepatic vein & right branch of poal vein & almost all blood is drained into IVC. Complications of TIPS 1. Encephalopathy (due to NH3) (M/C) 2. Stent stenosis 3. Stent thrombosi... | Surgery | Poal Hypeension |
7071d942-9a8c-432a-8d21-05dd67536591 | Which enzyme converts Testosterone to dihydroxytestosterone? | Aromatase | 5 a reductase | 5 a hydroxylase | 7 a hydroxylase | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 5 a reductase* 5 a reductase is the enzyme which converts testosterone to dihydroxytestosterone (DHT).* Testosterone is sufficient to support male secondary sexual characteristics* Dihydroxytestosterone (DHT) is however, essential for male type external genitalia to get established. DHT is found to ha... | Biochemistry | Enzymes |
a796c269-e73a-4df4-8c86-a165e3874e0c | Splenectomy is most useful in | Thrombocytopenia | Hereditary spherocytosis | H.S.purpura | Sickle cell anemia | 1b | single | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 652 We do not have a causal treatment for HS; i.e., no way has yet been found to correct the basic defect in the membrane-cytoskeleton structure. Given the special role of the spleen in HS ), it has long been thought that an almost obligatory therapeutic mea- sure was splenectomy. Because this ... | Anatomy | Haematology |
dee3d268-56a7-4285-ba15-ad05dc7a2f4c | Most common DRUG causing dependence? | Cannabis | Cocaine | Heroin | Amphetamine | 0a | single | ANS - A.Cannabis Cannabis- 9 million users,192 million users(Acc. To WHO Drug repo 2018)Heroin (opioid derivative) -2.5 lakh usersIt is estimated that 275 million people used illicit drugs, such as cannabis, amphetamines, opioids, and cocaine, in 2016 which translates into an annual prevalence of illicit drug use of 5.... | Psychiatry | null |
d08b4204-b330-48c1-9346-5eaa281fdbbf | In a sedentary individual, greatest propoion of heat generation is in the form of: | BMR | Maintenance of body posture | Specific dynamic action of food | Non-shivering thermogenesis | 0a | single | BMR Even when a person is at complete rest. Considerable energy is required to perform all the chemical reaction of body. This minimum level of energy required to exist is k/a - BMR, and accounts for 50 - 70 % energy expenditure in sedentary individual. Normal BMR - 1 Kcal / Kg / Hr. Per hour - 65 - 70 Kcal According t... | Physiology | Transpo Processes |
caab1d5a-8c67-42cb-b5ec-aede56fee2c0 | All of the following is true about physical properties of dentin except | Dentin has limited ability to distort and regain its shape | Inorganic component comprises of plate shaped hydroxyapatite crystals of diameter 35nm and thickness 10 nm | 90% of the organic collagenous component mainly consists of Type 1 collagenous fiber | Non collagenous protein comprises of amelogenin | 3d | multi | Non collagenous proteins of dentin are
Decorin and Biglycans ----Prevents premature mineralization
Dentin Phosphoprotein-----Acidic protein, helps in nucleation and crystal growth
Dentin Sialoprotein-----it is ameloblastin like protein containing 10% sialic acid and helps in crystal growth. | Dental | null |
b4c666dc-7ce8-4c32-8f73-34cd33238a55 | Ulcer serpens caused by: | Pneumococcus | Corynebacterium | Moorens ulcer | Herpes virus | 0a | single | Ans: a (Pneumococcus) Ref: AK khurana, 4th ed, p. 96Ulcer serpens:Hypopyon comeal ulcer by pneumococcusCreeping ulcer over cornea in serpeginous fashionUsually associated with violent iridocyclitisFormed due to iritis due to bacterial toxins causing outpouring of PMN cells; hence sterile( no invasion of bacteria)Organi... | Ophthalmology | Cornea |
55114a87-8a70-405e-a1c1-1f90bbace890 | Pelvis alone helps in - | 95% sex determination | 90% sex determination | 75% sex determination | 50% sex determination | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e. 95% sex determination According to krogman, the degree of accuracy in sexing adult skeletal remains is :-* Pelvis plus skull - 98 %Long bones alone- 80 %Entire skeleton 100%Pelvis alone 95 %Skull alone 90 % | Forensic Medicine | null |
3b694ada-ff22-455d-84a9-353b7a240a67 | Typical finding in cardiac tamponade: | Absent 'Y' descent | Prominent 'a' wave | Absent 'a' wave | Prominent 'Y' wave | 0a | single | Ans. A. Absent Y descentAbnormalities of JVPa. Raised JVP with normal waveform:a. Fluid overloadb. Right heart failureb. Raised JVP with absent pulsation: SVC obstructionc. Large a wave:a. Tricuspid stenosisb. Pulmonary stenosisc. Pulmonary artery Hypertension.d. Cannon a wave:a. Complete heart blockb. Junctional rhyth... | Medicine | C.V.S. |
ee92d7d3-8499-4831-85ff-b8218eea3a88 | True about tachyphylaxis is: | Direct sympathomimetics involved | Mechanism clearly understood | Ephedrine tachyphylaxis reversed with dopamine | Indirect sympathomimetics involved | 3d | multi | Tachyphylaxis refers to rapid development of tolerance when doses of a drug repeated in quick succession result in marked reduction in response . This is usually seen with indirectly acting drugs , such as ephedrine , Tyramine , nicotine. From medical pharmacology padmaja 4th edition page no 70 | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system |
0fd9ea6b-15ed-4a1d-a21d-97f10e8e63b2 | False statement about common bile duct: | Lies in free margin of lesser omentum | Anterior to first pa of duodenum | Right to hepatic aery | Anterior to poal vein | 1b | multi | B i.e. Anterior to first pa of duodenum- The bile duct ends by piercing the medial wall of 2nd pa of duodenumQ, 8-10 cm distal to pylorusQ usually after uniting with pancreatic duct to form hepaticopancreatic ampulla or ampulla of vater. Occasionally the pancreatic duct & bile duct open separately into the duodenum.Bil... | Anatomy | null |
b5e9c2be-1125-43b5-8cc9-04200cffa116 | National Family Health Survey is done every | 6 months | 1 year | 5 years | 10 years | 1b | single | National family health survey is conducted during every 1 year Reference: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition | Social & Preventive Medicine | Demography and family planning |
2f780380-3b03-4165-a281-b9f2d315cbab | Dilutionalhyponatremia is seen in - | Addison's disease | DI | Diuretic therapy | None | 0a | multi | In Addison's disease in more advanced stages of adrenal destruction,serum sodium, chloride and bicarbonate levels are reduced,serum potassium level is elevated. Hyponatremia is due to both loss of sodium into urine and to movement into intracellular compament.(Harrison 17 pg 2264).- | Medicine | Endocrinology |
e509aa94-d65c-4a1e-b68c-029c310f0fbe | Which of following antigen cell does not express MHC Class II - molecules - | Follicular cells thyroid | Microglia of brain | Langerhan's cells of skin | Dendritic cell of Lymphoid cells | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Follicular cells thyroid | Pathology | null |
5e4839f0-d990-4b89-bd7a-b42ecd201e18 | Restriction fragment length polymorphism uses the technique of: UP 10; NIMHANS 11 | Southern blotting | Nohern blotting | Western blotting | Eastern blotting | 0a | single | Ans. Southern blotting | Forensic Medicine | null |
c9f7e59b-def9-4800-afa0-59a6868d2cbb | Retinitis Pigmentosa is associated with all except – | Usher Syndrome | Marfan's Syndrome | Kearns – Sayre Syndrome | Bassen – Kornzweig Syndrome | 1b | multi | Systemic syndrome associated with Retinitis Pigmentosa are Usher's syndrome, Hallgren's syndrome, Cockayne's syndrome, Refsum's syndrome, Laurence- Moon- Biedl syndrome, Bussen - Kornzweig (Abetalipoproteinemia) syndrome, Kearns - sayer syndrome, Friedreish's ataxia, Bardet - Biedle syndrome, NARP (Neuropathy, ataxia, ... | Ophthalmology | null |
9c7f4b06-0bbd-448b-863e-0299f3171e78 | AFP is increased in - | Endodermal sinus tumour | Teratoma | Dysgerminoma | Choriocarcinoma | 0a | single | Ans-A | Unknown | null |
b955f7bc-bc61-4662-9cbc-daa90b60986b | Mc Ewans triangle is located on | Mastoid antrum | Inner ear | Cochlea | Saccule | 0a | single | MacEwen's triangle is bounded by temporal line,posterosuperior segment of bony external auditory canal and the line drawn as a tangent to the external canal. It is an impoant landmark to locate the mastoid antrum in mastoid surgery. Reference-Dhingra 6/e,p 6. | ENT | Ear |
e79074a5-b43b-4d7d-91a3-0d2c10f2f390 | The following are the hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome in children except | Gross hematuria | Hypoalbuminemia < 2.5 g/dL | Severe proteinuria >2 gm/m²/day | Edema | 0a | multi | NEPHROTIC SYNDROME:-
Characterised by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and oedema, hyperlipidemia is often associated.
Some patients show hematuria and hypertension.
Heavy proteinuria( more than 1g/metre square/day) is the underlying abnormality leading to hypoalbuminemia ( serum albumin below 2.5g/dl).
The resul... | Pediatrics | null |
eb7dc2e5-6728-44c9-9e2f-a28f027b9725 | Main cytokine involved in erythema nodosum leprosum reaction is | IL 2 | Interferon gamma | Tumour necrosis factor alpha | Macrophage colony stimulating factor | 2c | single | Erythema nodosum leprosum rection is type II lepra rection .In this modules over skin are seen This is a type III hypersensitivity reaction . Main cytokine involve is TNF -alpha DOC - gluco-coicoids | Microbiology | Systemic Bacteriology (Gram Positive Bacilli, Gram Negative Bacilli) |
e42a2469-a4fd-4008-b729-7f821862216f | "Hitler intended to improve German race by killing the weak and defective"- this is an example of: | Positive eugenics | Negative eugenics | Euthenics | Gene therapy | 1b | single | Negative eugenics has little application in civilized world. People suffering from serious hereditary diseases may be sterilized or otherwise debarred from producing children. Ref: Park 21st edition page: 767. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
b2699530-8315-4a18-894f-f2511f3c936e | Sequence of clinical trials is | NDA -FDA-NDA | FDA--NDA-FDA | FDA-Marketing-NDA | FDA-NDA-Post marketing surveillance | 3d | single | (FDA-NDA-Post marketing survillance) | Pharmacology | General Pharmacology |
68168fdc-1692-4673-943f-15b6ebab6f0d | All are signs of somatic death except ? | Cessation of respiration | Cessation of hea | Non-responding muscles | No response to external stimuli | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Non-responding muscles Death denotes death of human being (46 IPC). It is defined as cessation of life or cesation to exist. Death is of two types (1) somatic death (systemic death or clinical death) and (2) molecular death (cellular death). Somatic death (systemic death or clinical death) It is the c... | Forensic Medicine | null |
d1e4f345-cd9e-4a3f-8b37-3cfd44c75c43 | Nutrient aery to fibula arises from | Peroneal aery | Anterior- tibial aery | Posterior tibial aery | Popliteal aery | 0a | single | Nutrient aery to fibula:- The peroneal aery gives off nutrient aery to fibula.Enters the bone on its posterior surface.Nutrient foramen directed downwards. {Reference: BDC 6E} | Anatomy | Lower limb |
0ec8042e-973a-4d15-8fda-08cb20df17c8 | Most dangerous Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) in utero foetus | Type 1 OI | Type 2 OI | Type 3 OI | Type 4 OI | 2c | single | (C) Type 3 OI# Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI): 4 different genes responsible for collagen production, and any combination, or all, of them can be affected. These combinations produce eight types of brittle bone disease, labeled as type 1 OI through type 8 OI. The first four types are the most common. Last 4 types are ext... | Pediatrics | Miscellaneous |
eab30315-68cc-4153-930c-4aa7bb9771c2 | What is the mechanism of acute rheumatic fever ? | Cross reactivity with endogenous antigen | Innocent by slender effect | Due to toxin secretion by streptococci | Release of pyrogenic cytokines | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cross reactivity with endogenous antigeno Various streptococcal components (specially strep. pyogenes) exhibit antigenic cross reaction with different tissues of the human body. The impoant ones are :Streptococcal component Human tissueCapsular hyaluronic acid synol fluidCell wall protein myocardiumGr... | Pathology | null |
8f47b7ef-9bb9-46d9-8957-e5e89766d1ac | Iodine paicle ratio for Ionic dimer is | 6:01 | 3:02 | 6:02 | 2:06 | 2c | single | Iodine paicles ratio: I: P Ionic monomer 3: 2 High osmolar Low Osmolar Ionic dimer 6: 2 Nonionic monomer 3: 1 Low osmolar Non-ionic dimer 6: 1 Iso-osmolar to plasma(290-300mosm) | Radiology | Contrast Agents |
c2de7043-611d-4eb6-af7d-5c75cf83237a | Nullity of marriage is considered when - | Adultery in first 7 years | Infeility of husband | Assault in first 7 yrs | Age >55 years | 1b | single | Ref:The essential of forensic medicine and toxicology Dr.K.S NARAYAN REDDY 32nd edition pg no 371 Nullity of marriage (S.12 Hindhu marriage Act) that is marriage never to have existed in law. A marriage can be nullified 1. when either pay was under the age of marriage contract 2. when one pay was of unsound mind or a m... | Forensic Medicine | Miscellaneous |
4a55eda0-a818-4ea4-9d11-0650f242e2ff | All the following antimicrobial agents are used topically except – | Clotrimazole | Griseofulvin | Nystatin | Miconazole | 1b | multi | Griseofulvin is used systemically for dermatophytosis. It is ineffective topically.
Polyene
Amphotericin B → Topically as well as systemically (oral, iv intrathecally.
Nystatin, Hamycin, Natamycin (Pimaricin) → Topically.
Hetrocyclic benzofuran
Griseofulvin → Systemically (oral)
Imidazoles
Clotrimazole, econazole,... | Dental | null |
b522d272-ac51-4ce3-a8cd-ca8dc7091bd9 | All of the following are histological features of papillary carcinoma of thyroid, except: | Complex branching papillae with fibrovascular core | Orphan Annie eye nuclei and intranuclear grooves | Psammoma bodies | Amyloid deposits | 3d | multi | Histological features of Papillary thyroid carcinoma: Papillary carcinomas contain branching papillae having fibrovascular stalk covered by a single to multiple layers of cuboidal epithelial cells. Nuclei of papillary carcinoma cells contain finely dispersed chromatin, which impas an optically clear or empty appearance... | Pathology | Thyroid Tumor |
703969c2-bfc5-4498-a526-9be96d4e6f22 | The most general term for the process by which the amount of active drug in the body is reduced after absorption into the systemic circulation is: | Excretion | Elimination | First pass metabolism | Distribution | 1b | single | * If the amount of active drug reduces in the body before it enters the systemic circulation, it is called first pass metabolism, whereas if the amount of active drug reduces in body after it enters systemic circulation, it is called elimination. *Elimination is the term used for termination of action of a drug. * It i... | Pharmacology | Pharmacokinetics |
81ab6954-cbcc-4ba5-b9a5-c0eba9dbbbb7 | The following pair of drugs acts as protectors of cancer chemotherapy? | Dexrazoxane and Filgrastim | Folinic acid and folic acid | Amefostine and Acrolein | Magnesium and sargramostim | 0a | single | Dexrazoxane prevents cardiotoxicity of anticancer antibiotics like doxorubicin by increasing the action of superoxide dismutase-mediated inhibition of free radicles. Filgrastim is used for bone marrow protection and new cell line formation. Ref: HL Sharma 3rded. Pg: 878 | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
2f022b79-b260-410d-ad10-b5ab712742a4 | S shaped eyelid is seen in | Arterio venous fistula | Ulcerative blepharitis | Plexiform neurofibroma | Horner's syndrome | 2c | single | Plexiform neurofibromas - Bag of worm consistency and S shaped eyelid deformity. | Ophthalmology | null |
ea8acf0d-f59a-4095-97fb-85531a4a77b9 | Best test to detect iron deficiency in community is: | Serum transferrin | Serum ferritin | Serum iron | Hemoglobin | 1b | single | Evaluation of iron status in the body can be done by: Serum ferritin: 'Most sensitive tool for evaluation of iron status' , especially in populations with low prevalence of anemia. Hemoglobin concentration: A relatively insensitive index of nutrient depletion. Serum iron concentration: Normal range is 0.80 - 1.80 mg/L.... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Vitamins and Nutritional Deficiencies |
6de0597a-2758-4540-a98e-9d2fe4ee6a93 | Viral enterotoxin is detected as a possible of mechanism pathogeneis in - | Adenovirus | Rotavirus | Calcivirus | Astrovirus | 1b | single | Rotavirus produce pathogenicity by production of enterotoxins. REF:Textbook of microbiology, Ananthanarayan and Paniker. Page no.: 561 | Microbiology | Virology |
8cf0bad0-d4df-486c-9aff-ec21373f2d36 | A patient presents to you with the features of biliary obstruction. He gives history of the consumption of fish while on the trip. Which of the following is most probable etiology | Clonorchis sinensis | Ancylostoma | Strongyloides | Enterobius | 0a | single | Ans. a. Clonorchis sinensis | Surgery | null |
02f45a16-1b7d-4bf5-a2b5-247ed39f7c33 | According to The Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923, which of the following is considered an occupational disease? | Typhoid | Anthrax | Tetanus | Dengue | 1b | single | Ans. b. Anthrax (Ref: style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif; margin: 0 0 0 8px; text-indent: 0">According to The Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923, Anthrax is considered an occupational disease.List of Occupational Diseases as per Employee Compensation Act 1923 (Workmen Compens... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Occupational Health |
2da18416-e7fd-4079-9099-05618a8da885 | Lanatoprost used topically in glaucoma primarily acts by: | Decreasing aqueous humour formation | Increasing uveoscleral outflow | Releasing pupillary block | All | 1b | multi | B i.e. Increased uveoscleral outflow Prostaglandin analogues (e.g. latanoprost Q, unprostone, bimatoprost, travoprost) lower intraocular pressure by stimulating a prostanoid receptor in ciliary muscle. This causes the release of matrix metalloproteinases and increase the uveoscleral outflow. Q Latanoprost lower IOP by ... | Ophthalmology | null |
af4e3b0f-4651-42de-81e7-f9fac0864483 | Factors which help in descent of presenting pa during labour are all except | Uterine contraction and retraction | Straightening of the fetal axis | Bearing down effos | Resistance from the pelvic floor | 3d | multi | Factors facilitating descent are Uterine contraction and retraction Bearing down effos Straightening of the fetal ovoid specially after rupture of membranes | Anatomy | General obstetrics |
18fdba45-7ca8-4ed2-8296-07b9d2cb84e0 | Type of collagen forming basement membrane of kidney | I | II | III | IV | 3d | single | Type IV collagen is abnormal, so basement membrane of kidney glomerular apparatus is abnormal. Hence, hematuria is seen, which will eventually progress to kidney failure.Ref: DM Vasudevan, page no: 583 | Biochemistry | membrane structure and function |
a34017f1-f190-4a2f-9e52-93c1147cce2b | A 24-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with symptoms of fever, chills and rigors. On physical examination, she looks unwell; the temperature is 39.4degC, blood pressure 100/60 mm Hg, pulse 110/min, and oxygen saturation 95%. There is a 3/6 pansystolic murmur at the right sternal border, which increase... | septic emboli | cardiac failure with prerenal azotemia | a high level of circulating immune complexes | fungal disease | 2c | single | Glomerulonephritis, arthritis, and many of the mucocutaneous lesions are secondary to circulating immune complexes. The clinical manifestations of infective endocarditis are a result of three factors: (1) direct infection in the heart, (2) septic emboli, and (3) high levels of circulating immune complexes. Renal emboli... | Medicine | Infection |
0129ef28-93ff-496f-9880-2bb9289ece2f | Nasolacrimal duct runs in the nasolacrimal canal. It is made up of all the following bones except | Maxillary bone | Inferior nasal conchae | Lacrimal bone | Ethmoid | 3d | multi | Answer- D. EthmoidNasolacrimal CanalThe canal containing the nasolacrimal duct is called the nasolacrirnal canal.It is formed by indentations in the inferior nasal conchae, maxilla and lacrimal bone.It drains to-into the nasal cavity through the anterior poion of the inferior meatus which is between the inferior concha... | Ophthalmology | null |
2bed401d-132f-4010-a78d-29bc8cf7b2dc | Consider the following | Cholesterosis | Adenomyomatosis | Polyposis | Cholelithiasis | 0a | single | . | Surgery | G.I.T |
809e21d2-803b-478f-84a3-f6d741449b7c | Siltuximab is used in treatment of ? | Castlemans disease | Sezary syndrome | Ankylosing spondylitis | Non hodgkins lymphoma | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Castleman's diseaselRef: Multiple myeloma, an issue of hematology oncology clinics E boohKenneth C Anderson p. 9171Siltuximab (Anti IL-6):IL-6 is produced by the stromal cells of the bone marrow, and plays a crucial role in the proliferation and survival of multiple myeloma cells. | Pharmacology | null |
c47f08fd-68fa-4b15-a443-e70b5fdcf021 | Effect of parasympathetic stimulation on saliva production is | Causes high volume, thick viscous secretion | Causes small volume, watery secretion | Causes high volume, watery secretion | Causes small volume, thick viscous secretion | 2c | multi | Regulation of saliva production :
Parasympathetic ⇒ High volume, watery enzyme rich secretion.
Sympathetic ⇒ small volume,.thick viscous mucus secretion. | Physiology | null |
87fd5d6a-f90e-416f-8360-05325a51a889 | Collection of which of the following in anterior chamber, is known as hyphaema: March 2011, March 2013 | Pus | Blood | Fluid | None of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. B: Blood Collection of blood in anterior chamber (forming a sediment at the bottom, the surface of which is level) may occur after contusions or spontaneously is known as hyphaema Hyphema It is blood in the anterior chamber of the eye. It may appear as a reddish tinge, or it may appear as a small pool of blood at ... | Ophthalmology | null |
5dd61d80-681a-4e3e-b9ac-74ad58d8841f | Chloride responsive alkalosis causes - | Recurrent vomiting | Bater's syndrome | Milk alkali syndrome | Over dose of diuretics | 0a | single | Chloride responsive metabolic alkalosis : Causes : Cl- loss GIT : vomiting, Cl- losing diarrhea Renal : thiazides, furosimide Sweat loss: cystic fibrosis. Ref: Harrison&;s 19thE | Medicine | Fluid and electrolytes |
887c40ca-3a2b-43ba-ad61-bae6c5f06a00 | Fetal exsanguination can occur if - | Vasa previa | Placentaprevia | Polyhydramnios | Oligohydramnios | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Vasa previa Vasa previao In it a leash of blood vessels happens to traverse through the membranes overlying the internal os, in front of presenting part. Rupture of membranes involving the overlying vessels leads to vaginal bleeding. As it is entirely fetal blood, this may result in fetal exsanguinati... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Hydramnios and Oligo Hydramnios |
ad4a108c-b67f-479e-86b4-06546d408d76 | Which of the following is the usual presenting symptom of pseudocyst in pancreatitis? | Abdominal swelling | Abdominal pain | Persistent vomiting | Early satiety and postprandial fullness | 1b | single | Pseudocysts are caused by pancreatitis in 90% of cases and by trauma in 10%. Approximately 85% are located in the body or tail of the pancreas. Some patients have two or more pseudocysts. Abdominal pain is the usual presenting complaint. Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 2642 | Medicine | null |
94430101-061e-4158-8fc4-d450e24da085 | A lady with 32wks and 3 days of pregnancy presents with vaginal bleeding. A recent USG done on her mentioned a placenta pre. in which of the following situation it is possible to do a conservative management ? | Fetal hea rate of 86/min | Intra Uterine Fetal Death | Transverse lie | Significant bleeding making mother hemodynamically unstable | 2c | multi | APH in placenta pre First episode of bleeding in placenta Pre usually subsides with conservative management in 90% of cases. Thus APH prior to 34 weeks may be managed conservatively. This is the basis of the Mcaffee Jhonsons conservative management in APH due to placenta pre Conservative management is contraIndicated w... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Antepaum Haemorrhage |
991e3b31-33bd-48f7-8ce3-29243c256121 | . True about polio is all except: | Sabin vaccine is attenuated, oral vaccine | Salk is a killed formalized vaccine used | Vaccine induced polio is usually due to Type 2 virus | Most common type of virus in epidemics is Type 1 | 2c | multi | Vaccine induced polio" is usually due to Type 2 virus | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
543f8353-f75e-4026-88c7-f7493b44fdf0 | Masticatory space constitutes the following spaces except: | Pterygomandibular space | Submassetric space. | Submandibular space. | Temporal space | 2c | multi | Masticatory space consists of sub masseteric space, pterygomandibular space, superficial and deep temporal spaces/pouches. | Surgery | null |
de409c9f-a9d1-4922-8f8a-593de7d4a29e | A 22yrs old male suffer from decreased sleep, increased sexual activity, excitement and spending excessive money for 8 days. The diagnosis is | Confusion | Mania | Hyperactivity | Loss of memory | 1b | single | Symptomatic profile of the patient suggests the diagnosis, Characteristic Feature of Mania: Elation of Mood Delusion of Grandeur Increased psychomotor activity (usually goal oriented) Speech and thought: More talkative Pressure of speech, use playful language Flight of ideas Reduced sleep Over activity and poor judgmen... | Psychiatry | Mood Disorders |
16837dc7-fbb8-4b21-b10e-b3dc4090337f | Job functions of Health Assitant males are ? | ORS distribution | Collect Smear from any fever case | Collection of sputum smear from having person prolonged cough | All | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b i.e. Collect Smear from any fever case ORS distribution is function of Health Worker Mule & Female"- Park "Collection of sputum smear from having person prolonged cought is function ofHealth Worker mule" Health Assistants (Male and Female) J Under the multipurpose v orker's scheme the health assistant male a... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
411fa939-5c4d-42b1-b1c9-0882c83c5b51 | TRUE/FALSE about solitary thyroid nodule are: 1. Mostly benign in young patients 2. Hot nodule indicate malignancy 3. Diffuse hyperplasia of thyroid 4. Common in females 5. Thyroidectomy done | 1,2,3 True & 4,5 false | 1,3,5 true & 2,4 false | 1,2,3 false & 4,5 true | None is true | 2c | multi | A solitary thyroid nodule is a palpable discrete swelling within an otherwise apparently normal thyroid gland. Few impoant points about solitary thyroid nodule: STN is more common in females than males. The incidence of STN increases with age. Solitary nodules, in general are more neoplastic than the multiple nodules. ... | Surgery | null |
b522a870-86d4-4ab0-9d49-16f9faecb6b7 | A 55-year-old lady presenting to OPD with postmenopausal bleeding for 3 months has a 1x1 mm nodule on the anterior lip of cervix, the most appropriate investigation to be done subsequently is | Pap smear | Punch biopsy | Endocervical curettage. | Colposcopy | 1b | single | Ans. B. Punch biopsyPunch biopsy is required in all cases in which there is visible area of redness, an iodine negative area or an area of colposcopic abnormality.A cone biopsy and curettage should be done when cytologic examination reveals moderate or severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or perhaps invasive carcinoma. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Obs) |
ce173d45-230e-4283-9bde-9d50d3d1d3d9 | Starlings law implies | Increased VR- increased CO | Increased discharge - increased CO | Increased HR- increased CO | Increased BP- increased CO | 0a | single | This intrinsic ability of the hea to adapt to increasing volumes of inflowing blood is called the frank starling mechanism. Basically, the Frank-Starling mechanism means that the greater the hea muscle is stretched during filling, the greater is the force of contraction and the greater the quantity of blood pumped into... | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
ce92190c-5e89-4471-9808-ce1b88e62c8c | Thiopentone is contraindicated in - | Acute intermittant porphyria | Electro convulsive therapy | Sarcoidosis | Diabetic patients | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Acute intermittant porphyria o Thiopentone is contraindicated in acute intermittant porphyria.1. Thiopentoneo It is an ultrashort acting barbiturate.o It has short duration of action due to rapid redistribution.o It causes fall in BP due to vasodilatation - Cardiovascular collapse may occur if hypovol... | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous General Anesthesia |
3f282d96-3e5e-4238-a5cf-b8b4f9c817d5 | Predisposing cause for Ca. stomach is except - | Chr. gastric atrophy | Hyperplastic polyp | Metaplasia grade III intestine | Pernicious anemia | 1b | multi | Of the given options, hyperplastic polyp carries the least risk. In fact it carries a very small risk (< 2%)
Note that if we follow strictly to the terminology mentioned in Maingots & Schwartz, none of the given options are Predisposing factors; all these are premalignant condition. But I think examiners are not rigi... | Surgery | null |
7ee97280-c369-4483-91bb-d41711374953 | Most common renal condition in HIV patient is? | Mesangial proliferation | Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | Membranous glomerulonephritis | Minimal change disease | 1b | single | ANSWER: (B) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosisREF: Harrisons Internal Medicine 17til edition Chapter 182. Human Immunodeficiency VirusDisease: AIDS and Related DisordersHIV NEPHROPATHY:Diseases ofthe kidney or genitourinary tract maybe a direct con sequence of HIV infection, due to an opportunistic infection or neoplas... | Medicine | Glomerular Diseases |
f2db47da-2a9b-4244-ab72-7fb372b1fa70 | Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy are - | Amyloid | Sarcoidosis | Storage disease | All of the above | 3d | multi | Restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterised by a primary decrease in ventricular compliance , resulting in impaired ventricular filling during diastole. Restrictive cardiomyopathy can be idiopathic or associated with systemic disease that also happen to affect the myocardium for example radiation fibrosis, amyloidosis,... | Pathology | Cardiovascular system |
792409ab-b6c1-4025-9ae6-e2e5e0ee7596 | Most common presentation of adult rhinosporidiosis is- | Halitosis | Pain | Anosmia | Polypoidal mass | 3d | single | Rhinosporidiosis presents as soft leafy polypoidal mass. | ENT | null |
fb537fd4-c3e6-4bc2-b257-4ccb4a718c9d | Decreased teeth enamel is seen in all except: | Hyperparathyroidism | Cushing syndrome | Fluorosis | Ostcomalacia | 2c | multi | Ans. Fluorosis | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
392d04dd-c2ae-42e4-a7da-5ed7defdabfc | All are seen in Marasmus except – | Hepatomegaly | Muscle wasting | Voracious appetite | Weight loss | 0a | multi | Hepatomegaly is seen in kwashiorkor (not in marasmus).
Marasmus
It is characterized by gross wasting of muscle and subcutaneous tissues resulting in emaciation and marked stunting.
There is no oedema.
Body weight is less than 60% expected.
Fat in adipose tissues is severely depleted. However, the buccal pad of fat is... | Pediatrics | null |
720a745b-67ce-432c-b0bf-eb6729de065a | Which of the following is true about malaria - | Size of RBC is enlarged in Vivax infection | Size of RBC is enlarged in Falciparum infection | Schuffner's dots are seen in Malariae | Relapse is seen in Falciparum infection | 0a | multi | vivax falciparum malariae ovalae RBC Enlarged, pale, with Schuffner's dots Normal size, Maurer's clefts, sometimes basophilic stippling Normal, occasionally Ziemann's stippling Enlarged, oval Schuffner's dots fimbriated,prominent TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY,CKJ PANIKER,6TH EDITION,PAGE NO 75 | Microbiology | parasitology |
f47858de-3459-4b72-b37c-cbac17a1a463 | Common dose dependent side effects of ethambutol is: | Red-urine | Optic neuritis | Nephropathy | Peripheral neuropathy | 1b | single | Ethambutol (E): Ethambutol is selectively tuberculostatic and clinically as active as S. Fast multiplying bacilli are more susceptible as are many atypical mycobacteria. Added to the triple drug regimen of RHZ it has been found to hasten the rate of sputum conversion and to prevent development of resistance. The mechan... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
bab3570f-1813-42d5-962f-854fa8ed925c | As compared to Cow's milk, Human milk has: | More proteins | Less carbohydrates | More iron | Less of Vitamins | 2c | single | Human milk contains higher quantities of Lactose Iron water Vit- A, C Cysteine, Taurine Linoleic acid, lenolenic acid, PUFA Casein: whey ratio Cow milk contain high quantities of Energy Proteins Fats Vit-B, D Na+, K+ Methionine Casein: whey ratio Hence, Comparative contents of nutrients given: Protein : Cow > Human Lac... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Paediatric Care in RCH: BW, BL, PEM, Breast Feeding |
449bd3dd-5502-4bb6-a11e-ef7faec934a5 | Jeep disease is also known as: March 2008 | Anal incontinence | Hemorrhoids | Pilonidal sinus | Anal fissure | 2c | single | Ans. C: Pilonidal sinus | Surgery | null |
0777d993-2d4e-43ed-8d35-6dfb6ac49b64 | A child 14 years of age come to emergency depament with a history of blunt trauma abdomen. On examination Ballance's sign is found to be positive, otherwise the child is stable. Which of the following is not true statement? | A palpable tender mass can be felt in the left upper quadrant with persistent dullness | It is due to extracapsular or subcapsular hematoma ( of spleen ) | Managed with Conservative treatment | Splenectomy is required | 3d | multi | As the child is stable, conservative management should be done. " 70% to 90% of children with splenic injury are successfully treated without operation, and 40% to 50% of adult patients with splenic injury nonoperatively in large volume trauma centres". "Splenectomy may be safer option, especially in the unstable patie... | Surgery | null |
37af15ae-0908-49d1-880d-868bbd1bd623 | Bonney's test demonstrates: | Stress urinary incontinence | Urge incontinence | Overflow | All of the above | 0a | multi | Ans. is a, i.e. Stress urinary incontinenceRef: Telinde 9th/ed, pl035-37Bonney's test is performed in the clinical evaluation of SUL In the Bonney's test, two fingers are placed in the vagina at the UV junction on either side of the urethra and the bladder neck is elevated.On straining or coughing, leakage of urine ind... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Urinary Fistulas |
b8219267-f570-4d62-94c0-0a801aac7dd2 | The commonest cause of visual loss in AIDS is which one of the following | Toxoplasmosis | Herpetic retinitis | CMV retinitis | HIV retinitis | 2c | single | Ans. (c) CMV retinitisRef Kanski, p. 442; John Hopkins HIV guide p. 60CMV retinitis is the most commonQ opportunistic ocular infection amongst patients with AIDS and is the most common cause of Visual morbidityQ | Ophthalmology | Uveal Tract |
c3fd0c92-0803-449d-af25-8638bd3788bc | Most common cause of intracranial bleed is: March 2005 | Berry aneurysm | Hypeension | Coagulopathy | Diabetes | 1b | single | Ans. B: Hypeension Causes of intracranial bleed: Hypeension (Most common) Aeriovenous malformation Aneurysmal rupture Cerebral amyloid angiopathy Intracranial neoplasm Coagulopathy Hemorrhagic transformation of an ischemic infarct Cerebral venous thrombosis Sympathomimetic drug abuse Sickle cell disease Eclampsia or po... | Medicine | null |
f0fdd0e2-3f1c-4df5-bc91-200bdf824457 | Which of the following statement is true for physiological jaundice in neonate? | Occurs in the first 6 hours of delivery | Neurological sequelae are common | Best treated by phototherapy | Stas on 2nd day of life | 3d | multi | Most neonates develop visible jaundice due to elevation of unconjugated bilirubin concentration during their first week. This common condition is called Physiological jaundice. It lasts for 5 days in term infants & 7 days in preterm infants. It doesnot require any treatment & disappers spontaneously. In pathological ja... | Pediatrics | null |
fd0e8d21-86d4-4d30-bcf9-05ec2d57f6b9 | A chronic smoker taking 20 cigarettes per day developed a chronic cough. His family suggested quitting cigarettes. He is ready to quit but thinks that quitting will make him irritable. Which of the following option best describes the stage of behaviour change | Precontemplation and Preparation | Contemplation and Cost analysis | Persuasion | Belief | 2c | multi | This is called cycle of change given by Prochaska and declemente and it is called cycle of change and comprises of the following steps as listed below. Patient here want to stop and also thinks the side effects that may arise due to stopping of the substance, this is the cjarecterstic of pre contemplation stage. * Ref.... | Psychiatry | Treatment in psychiatry |
427400b4-1c6b-4148-b389-c3be2c4f2a9e | Botulism is a disease of ? | Neural transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium botulinum | Muscular transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium botulinum | Neuromuscular transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium botulinum | Non neuromuscular transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium botulinum | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Neuromuscular transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium clostridium botulinum Botulinum Toxin Cl. botulinum produces a powerful exotoxin that is responsible for its pathogenicity. The toxin differs from other exotoxins in that it is not released during the life of organism. It is produced intr... | Microbiology | null |
3bcaa526-870a-43a7-a714-f4e8a2e259ae | Most important prognostic indicator for wilms tumor | Nuclear grade | Histological type | Size | Pathological staging | 1b | single | Histology is Most important prognostic indicator for wilms tumor
Stage of tumor is Most important prognostic indicator for RCC. | Surgery | null |
77e21f23-9ab8-4636-8f70-fd420d9a66a8 | Which of the following methods is commonly employed in delivery of aftercoming head in breech presentation ? | Burn-Marshall method | Forceps delivery | Mauriceau Smellie-veit method | Pinard's manoeuvre | 0a | multi | Burn-Marshall method | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
afa48154-5d7f-4289-8ba4-97ff47f9e128 | Which of the following enzymes is believed to be deficient in Parkinsonism? | DOPA Decarboxylase | Tyrosine Hydroxylase | Phenylalanine Hydroxylase | Dopamine oxidase | 1b | single | Answer is B (Tyrosine Hydroxylase): Tyrosine Hydroxylase is the most impoant (critical) enzyme, deficiency which leads to Parkinson's disease The main biochemical charachteristic of Parkinson's Disease is the reduction of neurotransmitter and the dopamine synthesizing enzyme system including Tyrosine Hydroxylase (7'H) ... | Medicine | null |
5b98b3e9-0647-4f7c-86d9-9e7ded9abaed | "International prognostic index" for lymphoma includes the following prognostic factors except: | Stage of disease | Number of extralymphatic sites involved | LDH | Hemoglobin and Albumin | 3d | multi | Answer is D (Hemoglobin and Albumin) `International prognostic index' does not include Hemoglobin and Albumin as prognostic factors. Prognostic Factors according to International Prognostic Index for NHL 1 . AgeQ : (Age 60 years carries adverse prognosis) 2. Stages : (Ann Arbor stage III or IV carries adverse prognosis... | Medicine | null |
77ceab7b-adb6-44fb-8627-c06b7892a048 | All are radiological features of sickle cell anemia except | Veebra plana | Floating teeth | Bone infarct | Marrow hyperplasia | 1b | multi | B. i.e. Floating teeth | Radiology | null |
45d56622-3c6e-420a-b6c3-251aeb158dd8 | Gottron's papules Seen in? | SLE | MTCD | Dermatomyositis | Rheumatoid arthritis | 2c | single | ANSWER: (C) DermatomyositisREF: Harrison's 17th ed ch: 388DERM ATOM YOSITIS:DM is a distinctive entity identified by a characteristic rash accompanying, or more often preceding, muscle weakness.[?] Heliotrope rash: The rash may consist of a blue-purple discoloration on the upper eyelids with edema[?] Gottron's sign: A ... | Skin | Autoimmune Skin Disorders |
23e56972-e251-4112-963e-2d101580aa56 | Which of he following enzyme is involved in the catabolism of fructose to pyruvate in the liver? | Glucokinase | Phosphoglucomutase | Lactate-dehydrogenase | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase | 3d | single | Fructose is a ketohexose presents in fruits, honey, and sucrose. Fructose is promptly metabolized by the liver. Fructose is phosphorylated by fructokinase, an enzyme present in the liver with a high affinity for fructose to Fructose-1-phosphate. Then Fructose-1-phosphate is then cleaved to Glyceraldehyde by aldolase-B.... | Biochemistry | null |
b8d1ea5b-ef97-48b3-a714-15783fc3ad98 | Salivary amylase is inactivated by | Enteropeptidase | Low pH of stomach | High pH of intestine | None | 1b | multi | Salivary amylase is secreted by the salivary glands.The oral pH is about 7.0 and it is the optimum pH for the action of salivary amylase.The pH of stomach is about 1.2 and this inhibit the action of salivary amylase.(Ref: Ganong&;s Review of medical physiology) | Physiology | G.I.T |
1c7463ed-1970-4599-9738-b62423ede67d | Asbestos used in ? | Painting | Bakery | Cement production | Cotton industry | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cement production Asbestos is the commercial name given to ceain types of fibrous material. They are silicates of varying composition; the silica is combined with such bases as magnesium, iron, calcium, sodium and the aluminium. Asbestos is of two types-serpentine or chrysolite variety and the amphibo... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
2075f317-47fa-4632-b7c3-7dfc87f0cf87 | Which of the following is the most important bedside measurement from which volume status can be assessed | JVP | ECG | Pulse rate | None of the above | 0a | multi | JVP is the single most important bedside measurement to estimate the volume status. The internal jugular vein is preferred because the external jugular vein is valved and not directly in line with the superior vena cava and right atrium. | Medicine | null |
bb6c88e0-87f7-49da-87c0-f37c6db1ddf7 | Leptospira is a | Virus | Fungus | Spirochete | Rickettsiae | 2c | single | Ans. c (Spirochete). (Ref. Harrison, Chap. 171)LEPTOSPIROSIS# Leptospira is a spirochetal organism causing leptospirosis or Weils disease.# It is characterized by renal failure, jaundice and fever.# It disappears from blood after 1st week, blood examination is helpful only in early stages.# EMJH media can be used to cu... | Microbiology | Spirochetes |
2842822f-b1de-429b-ad47-7302e509ac74 | A 56-year-old woman has nausea due to chemotherapy for breast cancer. Droperidol is effective in reducing nausea because it blocks wof | 5-HT 2 receptors in the CTZ | Glucocoicoid receptors in the vomiting center | Dopamine receptors in the CTZ | ACh receptors in the periphery | 2c | single | NEUROLEPTICS The older neuroleptics(phenothiazines, haloperidol) are potent antiemetics; act by blocking D2 receptors in the CTZ; antagonize apomorphine induced vomiting and have additional antimuscarinic as well as H1 antihistaminic propey. They have broad spectrum antiemetic action effective in: (a) Drug induced and ... | Pharmacology | Gastrointestinal tract |
023e9c92-cf02-42ee-8723-e986e0d70cf9 | Superior orbital fissure syndrome is frequently caused by: | Carotid aneurysms | Meningioma | Arachnoiditis | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. All of the above | Ophthalmology | null |
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