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41f3b32f-8774-4cf4-b076-d0dca81565ad | Chandler's index is associated with: | Hook worm | Pin worm | Roundworm | Guinea worm | 0a | single | Ans. (a) HookwormRef : K. Park 23rd ed. / 243-44* CHANDLER'S INDEX is also known as Endemic index.* It is defined as average number of hookworm eggs per gram of stool for the entire community.* >300 eggs per gram of stool denotes important public health problem.Interpretation of chandler's index:Average No. of eggs/gm ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Entomology |
101db3a7-cb26-4529-b74f-77a36390d481 | Gland derived from foramen caecum is | Thyroid | Parathyroid | Parathyroid | Parathyroid | 0a | single | A. i.e. Thyroid | Anatomy | null |
08031dc2-c299-4f8f-b43e-7e18f797605e | Korsakoff's psychosis is due to deficiency of: September 2003, March 2013 (b) | Vitamin B1 | Vitamin B2 | Vitamin B3 | Vitamin B12 | 0a | single | Ans. A i.e. Vitamin B1 | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
b5a9cf5a-ed2b-4a54-af39-b15b3b624bdc | What are the EEG waves recorded for the parietooccipital region with subject awake & eye closed | Alpha waves | Beta waves | Delta waves | Theta waves | 0a | single | Alpha rhythm is most marked in parietal and occipital lobe. It is produced when the person is awake with eye closed. | Psychiatry | null |
1572e11c-2a82-4278-956d-26e9078f9081 | The awareness regarding the disease in psychiatric patient in mental status examination (MSE, not MSE was given in the question) is called: | Insight | Orientation | Judgment | Rappo | 0a | multi | Answer- A. Insight InsightKnowledge of own disease/illness in mental status examinationInsightAwareness of own disease/illness in mental status examinationQOrientationComponent of cognitionQRappoPatien's attitudeQJudgmentPatients capacity to make sound decisinsQ | Psychiatry | null |
0cfaac1e-d886-4df8-bb9f-5b5e4c4cb4f9 | Which one of the following enzymes is not a protein, but an RNA molecule | Peptidyl transferase | RNA polymerse | Restriction endonuclease | Reverse transcriptase | 0a | single | Some RNA molecules have intrinsic catalytic activity. The activity of these RNA enzymes, or ribozymes, often involves the cleavage of a nucleic acid. Two ribozymes are the peptidyl transferase that catalyzes peptide bond formation on the ribosome, and ribozymes involved in the RNA splicingRef: Harper 30th pg: 363 | Biochemistry | Metabolism of protein and amino acid |
324ed693-659a-42ed-9ab4-aec93e67cb1f | All of the following are approaches to health education, EXCEPT: | Service approach | Regulatory approach | Health education approach | Mass media | 3d | multi | Mass media is a method of health communication. According to Alma-Ata declaration (1978), "Health education is a process aimed at encouraging people to want to be healthy to know how to stay healthy to do what they can individually and collectively to maintain health and seek help when needed". There are 4 well-known a... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
433e13b5-2b35-42ed-bc25-392b50a37e44 | Indirect ophthalmoscopy is done for: | Central retina | Periphery of retina | Sclera | Angle of ant. Chamber | 1b | single | B i.e. Periphery of retina Indirect ophthalmoscopy is done for examination of periphery of retina upto ora serrata Q where as direct ophthalmoscopy can show slightly beyond equator. | Ophthalmology | null |
ddf0d559-9f75-4c46-af70-9eb9e80211b5 | Tests for detection of heavy metal: | Harrison's Gilroy test. | Atomic absorption spectroscopy | Neutron activation analysis | All | 3d | multi | A i.e. Harrison Gilroy test; B i.e. Atomic absorption Spectroscopy; C i.e. Neutron activation analysis | Forensic Medicine | null |
3d4107a8-b53c-413c-a9ea-225a15e289a0 | All of the following are contents of middle mediastinum except | Phrenic nerve | Ascending aoa | Arch of aoa | Pulmonary aery | 2c | multi | Arch of aoa occupies in the superior mediastinum B D CHAURASIA&;S HUMAN ANATOMY UPPER LIMB THORAX-VOLUME 1 SIXTH EDITION Page no:246 | Anatomy | Thorax |
682b9795-5cd5-4464-9057-04c3f03a24ac | Which of the following is not a muscular suppo of uterus ? | pelvic diaphragm | pineal body | distal urethral sphincrer mechanism | round ligament of uterus | 3d | single | Muscular or active suppos of uterus - 1. Pelvic diaphragm 2. Perinea! body 3. Urogenital diaphragm Ref : B D Chaurasia's Human Anatomy , seventh edition , volume 2 ,pg.no., 423. | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
bf0dbdb9-f0ba-4c00-960c-8f7a58d78765 | A female wanted to have an emergency contraception after an unprotected intercourse. Which of these is NOT useful as an emergency contraceptive? | LNG IUD | Oral Mifepristone | Oral Levonorgestrel | Cu-containing IUD | 0a | single | Post coital or emergency contraceptives are, Ethinyl oestradiol Conjugated estrogen Ethinyl oestradiol + Norgestrel Levonorgestrel Mifepristone Copper IUDs Ref: Textbook of Obstetrics by D.C. Dutta, 6th edition, Page 550. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
0c21cd77-685b-43fd-9df4-de60759373ef | Episcleritis is commonly associated with: March 2012 | Trachoma | Rheumatoid ahritis | Cataract extraction surgery | Usually associated with none | 1b | multi | Ans: B i.e. Rheumatoid ahritis Scleritis & associations A history of rheumatoid ahritis is commonly obtained in patients with episcleritis Cataract extraction surgeries may be associated with scleritis Posterior scleritis is usually not associated with any systemic disease | Ophthalmology | null |
e465aa8b-44b0-4aed-89b6-f1747e63adea | Hemoglobin is present in : | Hydrophilic pockets | Hydrophobic pockets | Pyrrole rings | Cationic ring | 1b | single | Hemoglobin, a tetrameric protein of erythrocytes, transpos O2 to the tissues and returns CO2 and protons to the lungs. The heme in haemoglobin is surrounded by a hydrophobic pocket, which is necessary in order for it to bind oxygen reversibly without undergoing oxidation or other undesirable reactions. Ref: Kennelly P.... | Biochemistry | null |
122e7f6d-46a9-44b4-be04-ed10f7f551c1 | Gas gangrene is caused by: | Clostridium botulium | Clostridium perfringens | Clostridium difficile | Clostridium tetani | 1b | single | Ans: B (Clostridium perfringens) Ref: Ananthnarayan R, Paniker CKJ. Textbook of Microbiology. 8th Edition. Hyderabad: Universities Press; 2(X)9. Pg. 251Explanation:Gas gangreneCaused byCl. perfringensCl. septic uniCl. odematieunsCl. sporogenesCl histolyticum (Aerotolerant anaerobe)Virulence factorsExotoxins - hemolytic... | Microbiology | Clostridium |
278d33be-6e60-4ce1-a65d-2898d1bd46ef | Immunoflorescence pattern in pemphigus vulgaris is suggestive of ? | Intercellular IgG deposition | C3 and IgG deposition at dermo-epidermal junction | IgA deposition at dermo-epidermal junction | IgA at pappilary tip | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Intercellular IgG deposition | Skin | null |
f9e4b064-b7bb-4b11-b74a-66a7782cef67 | OCP should not be used with | Rifampicin | 1NH | Streptomycin | Pyrazinamide | 0a | single | Rifatnpicin See Nov 09 Obs & Gynae | Pharmacology | null |
00241d46-b148-46e5-bc81-7a9db64bf087 | At the end of 5th week of gestation, how many numbers of somites can be seen? | 24 | 26 | 38 | 44 | 3d | single | The first pair of somites arises in the occipital region of the embryo at approximately the 20th day of development, from here new somites appear in craniocaudal sequence at a rate of approximately three pairs per day until at the end of the fifth week 42 to 44 pairs are present Ref: Gray's 39e/p-210-220 | Anatomy | General anatomy |
5d3adac4-68bb-4a6c-870d-a6ebe753ae09 | 40 yr old woman presents to your clinic with complaints of headache and dizziness. She has an infection of a cranial dural sinus; one that lies in margin of the tentorium cerebelli and runs from the posterior end of cavernous sinus to transverse sinus is infected. Which of the following sinuses is affected by inflammat... | Superior petrosal sinuses | Inferior sagittal sinus | Sphenoparietal sinus | Straight sinuses | 0a | single | Superior petrosal sinus runs from cavernous sinus to transverse sinus along attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli. This patient has meningitis (inflammation of the meninges), which causes headache and dizziness. Straight sinus runs along line of attachment of falx cerebri to tentorium cerebelli. Inferior sagittal ... | Anatomy | Brainstem lesions and blood supply of CNS |
335056bb-f185-4686-87b0-19c3d2dd7f60 | Compound microscope was invented by: September 2004 | Louis Pasteur | Hippocrates | Robe Hooke | Leeuwenhoek | 2c | single | Ans. C i.e. Robe Hook | Microbiology | null |
1c64d025-4518-4df6-b18a-50b60d02e1a7 | Radiorestistant tumor is- | Ewings sarcoma | Retinoblastoma | Osteosarcoma | Neuroblastoma | 2c | single | RADIORESISTANT RADIOSENSITIVE Osteosarcoma Wilms tumor Melanoma Ewing's sarcoma Hepatic carcinoma Lymphoma Pancreatic carcinoma Myeloma Seminoma / Dysgerminoma | Radiology | Radiotherapy Pa 2 |
86ba813b-309c-4a28-9d67-d63a0cfd267b | All of the following are true regarding Legionella except. | Legionella can be grown on complex media | L. pneumophila serogroup 1 is the most common serogroup isolated from humans | Legionella are communicable from infected patients to others | L. pneumophila is not effectively killed by polymorphonuclear leukocyte | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Legionella are communicable from infected patients to othersRef: Harrison, 19th/e, p. 1014; Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 401* No man to man transmission occurs.* Aspiration is predominant mode of transmission. Other modes include aerosolization, direct instillation into lungs.* Aerosolization by AC, nebu... | Microbiology | Bacteria |
9d0edc66-384c-4482-8eef-761691c84770 | Musculo skeletal abnormality in neurofibromatosis is | Hyperophy of limb | Scoliosis | Cafe au lait spots | All | 3d | multi | Ans. is `d' i.e., All | Surgery | null |
441dfb2d-9404-42f3-bb40-3e4df579899c | Safest treatment for hyperthyroidism in pregnant women is | Radioactive iodine | Methimazole | Carbimazole | Propylthiouracil | 3d | single | Ans. d (Propylthiouracil). (Ref. Harrison, Internal Medicine, 18th ed.,/Chapter 40., KD Tripath 5th/232)Propylthiouracil:# During pregnancy thyroidectomy and I131 are contraindicated. With anti-thyroid drugs risk of foetal hypothyroidism and goiter are there.# However, low doses of propylthiouracil are preferred as it ... | Pharmacology | Endocrinology |
f2e975a1-2a59-46ec-96cd-54b066f43dfa | Malaria predominantly cause which type of nephrotic syndrome | MPGN | Membranous | FSGS | Minimal change disease | 0a | single | MPGN > Membranous > FSGS. | Medicine | null |
41dae4a5-639a-4bb2-93c6-1b8f5fed4ad2 | Imipenem is combined with cilastatin to: | Cilastatin prevents degradation of imipenem in kidney | Cilastatin inreases intestinal absorption of imipenem | Cilastatin inhibits beta lactamase activity | Both have synergistic activity against Pseudomonas | 0a | multi | Ans. (A) Cilastatin prevents degradation of imipenem in kidney(Ref: Goodman and Gilman 13th/e p1035)Imipenem is rapidly inactivated by renal dehydropeptidase I, so it is combined with cilastatin, an inhibitor of this enzyme.Cilastatin increases the half life of imipenem and also inhibits the formation of nephrotoxic me... | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial |
d0bf5870-1e0f-4426-8cc5-32a89b112aa3 | Fibrates - false is | They increase lipoprotein lipase activity through PPAR alpha, and cause increased lipolysis of triglycerides. | They are better absorbed when taken on empty stomach, than when taken with food | Cause utricaria, rashes, alopecia, myopathy and G.I. distress. | Are first lines of drugs in severe dysbetalipoproteinemias and hypertriglyceridemias. | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e. They are better absorbed when taken on empty stomach, than when taken with food Fibric acid derivations (Fibrates)The class includes:-BezafibrateCiprofibrateFenofibrate andGemfibrozil * The original fibrate clofibrate is obsolete.Mechanism of action:These drugs act by activating lipoprotein lipase whic... | Pharmacology | Hypolipidemic |
3325652c-4e92-4eba-844f-191f45b5ff89 | Vasodilator Nitric oxide is derived from which of the following: | Proline | Histidine | Arginine | Lysine | 2c | single | Derivatives of amino acids Proline is conveed to glutamate (by a series of steps) and then transaminated to alpha-ketoglutarate Histidine on decarboxylation, gives the corresponding amine i.e. histamine Arginine is the substrate for the production of nitric oxide (NO) | Biochemistry | null |
b930aa21-451b-4705-b27e-5b4b376cd98e | A 30 year old pregnant woman presents to a physician with painful oral ulcers. Physical examination demonstrates widespread erosions of her mucous membranes. Close examination reveals a friable mucosa, but no well-defined aphthous ulcers. Biopsy of perilesional mucosa demonstrates acantholysis; direct immunofluorescenc... | Bullous pemphigoid | Dermatitis herpetiformis | Herpes simplex I | Pemphigus vulgaris | 3d | single | This is pemphigus vulgaris, in which autoantibody directed against transmembrane cadherin adhesion molecules induced acantholysis (breakdown of epithelial cell-cell connections) with resulting intraepidermal blister formation. It may develop spontaneously or following triggers such as drugs (thiols, penicillamine), phy... | Skin | null |
f2e747db-0a59-4167-a20d-98460d64da6f | Trichomoniasis is transmitted through which stage | Cyst | Oocyst | Sporozoite | Trophozoite | 3d | single | Trichomonas vaginalis exists only as a trophozoite; no cyst stage has been identified. | Pathology | All India exam |
921271cc-ca0c-4433-a911-86dade7e87b7 | Which receptors are blocked in Myasthenia Gravis? | Ach receptor | Ca++ receptors | Na+ receptors | Opioid receptors | 0a | single | Auto-antibodies destroy some of the Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and bind others to neighbouring receptors, triggering their removal by endocytosis. | Physiology | Muscle |
cc5f34cb-6a37-4dcb-907b-309673413268 | All of the following drugs are protease inhibitors EXCEPT: | Nelfinavir | Saquinavir | Abacavir | Ritonavir | 2c | multi | ANTIVIRAL DRUGS: CLASSI FICATION 1.Anti-Herpes virus Idoxuridine, Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir, Ganciclovir*, Foscarnet* 2 Anti-Retrovirus (a) Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (Nis): Zidovudine (AZT), Didanosine, Zalcitabine*, Stavudine, Lamivudine, Abacavir (b) Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase in... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
d0116f68-3482-4d3a-9895-06b001ece9b8 | In which leukemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia is most common: - | ALL | AML | CML | CLL | 3d | multi | CLL is the most common of the known cause of AIHA | Medicine | Sickle Cell Disease, G6PD deficiency and other Hemolytic Anemia |
23fee466-da90-455c-89ad-fef2b0613241 | A patient on amiodarone is diagnosed to have cornea verticillata. What should be management: (PGI Dec 2010) | Stop the drug | Penetrating keratoplasty | Lamellar keratoplasty | Observation | 0a | single | Ans: A (Stop the drug) {Ref: Parson 20th/ 206 ; American Academy of Ophthalmologist: Cornea Section 8 2009-2010/375;Cornea by Krachner 2nd/365-69; Kanski 6th/321]Cornea Verticillata Parson 20th/206This is a whorl- like opacity in the corneal epithelium seen in patients on long-term treatment with medication such ad ami... | Ophthalmology | Cornea |
6cddeb8d-1614-4658-8a07-124bb9efd1b4 | \r\nA few months after receiving an IM injection a ladypresented to you with pain in both the shoulders. On examination there is sensory loss over bilateral shoulders with mild wasting of muscles. Which of the following vaccines is the likely cause? | Tetanus | Measles | MMR | BCG | 0a | multi | This is a case of brachial neuritis following an injection of tetanus toxoid. Here there is dysfunction of the nerves supplying the arm or shoulder without involvement of the rest of the nervous system. The sensory loss is less prominent than the weakness. There may also be bilateral involvement of muscles with wasting... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
d8a8fe00-ffd0-43e3-bb5b-bd84a324d9b4 | What is the indication for surgery in asymptomatic patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm? | Transverse diameter > 3 cm | Transverse diameter > 5.5 cm | Transverse diameter > 7.5 cm | No need for surgery unless symptomatic | 1b | single | Most precise test for imaging aortic aneurysm : CT scan
5-year risk of rupture for aneurysm :<5cm – 1 to 2% and > 5 cm-20 to 40%
For asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms, operation is indicated if the diameter is > 5.5 cm
In elective surgery of AAA, the operative mortality rate is 1 to 2% whereas after acute rupture... | Unknown | null |
57d40e41-4597-4cf6-8b13-ab250caadf2f | Which of the following is a polyunsaturated fatty acid? | Palmitic acid | Stearic acid | Oleic acid | Linoleic acid | 3d | single | Three polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid are called "essential fatty acids" (EFA). They cannot be synthesised in the body and must be provided in the diet. Lack of EFA in the diet can produce growth retardation and other deficiency manifestation symptoms.Ref: Textbook of Med... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of lipid |
0fae0ed8-dc6e-401d-84fb-53461ea061cd | The child , Pretends in play at the age of __________ | 18 months | 24 months | 30 months | 36 months | 2c | single | Emerging patterns of social behaviour from 1-5years of age 15months Indicates some desires or needs by pointing Hugs parents 18months Feeds self Seeks help when in trouble May complain when wet or soiled Kisses parent with pucker 24months Handles spoon well Often tells about immediate experiences Helps to undress Liste... | Pediatrics | Growth and development |
6ad4c162-d50f-4be4-84ae-d5aa59d50507 | Chemically, oestrogens are characterised by | Absence of O2 at D-17 | Aromatic character at D-ring | Absence to methyl group at C-10 | A 21-carbon steroid skeleton | 2c | multi | One hydroxyl group attached to the D ring | Biochemistry | Endocrinology |
e4498791-b38f-49c4-b7bf-3287bdd4ab47 | A 60 yr old lady presented with mild hearing loss & pulsatile tinnitus of right ear. Otoscopy revealed following findings. Most probable diagnosis is | Acoustic neuroma | Glomus tumor | Squamous cell carcinoma | Aural Polyp | 1b | single | FINDINGS OF GLOMUS TUMOR: Otoscopy shows a red reflex through intact tympanic membrane. "Rising sun" appearance is seen when tumour arises from the floor of middle ear. Sometimes,tympanic membrane appears bluish and may be bulging. "Pulsation sign" (Brown sign) is positive, i.e. when ear canal pressure is raised with S... | ENT | Glomus |
3cded425-19e1-4c4d-9ad8-5d17c87a23c5 | which of these is a charecterstic of type A personality | competitive | dependent | suspisous | odd and excentric | 0a | single | there are two types of personality disorders TYPE A PERONALITY PEOPLE are called' BORN WARRIORS' who are workaholics end up having hea disease TYPE D PERSONALITY PEOPLE are called 'BORN WORRIERS' who ruminate and have high risk of hea disease Ref. kaplon and Sadock synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no.746 | Psychiatry | Personality disorders |
420685e6-26ed-4c31-99b9-099f1a5e6f0f | Polychromatic lustre is seen in – | Complicated cataract | Diabetes mellitus | Post radiation cataract | Congenital cataract | 0a | single | The earliest finding of complicated cataract is a polychromatic luster at the posterior pole of lens. | Ophthalmology | null |
f7636d66-0877-44f8-aa99-72c1fb13ea5f | The most common benign tumor of the lung is | Hamaoma | Alveolar adenoma | Teratoma | Fibroma | 0a | single | The most common benign lung tumor is a hamaoma,a developmental abnormality containing mesothelial & endothelial elements.Diagnosis is achieved by excision of the lesion. Reference:Bailey & Love's sho practise of surgery,25th edition,page no:891 | Surgery | Cardio thoracic surgery |
6b66ea92-4036-4287-84c9-e551c1a6ff2f | Dose limiting toxicity of amphotericin B is | Infusion related reaction | Renal tubular acidosis | Myelosuppression | Hypotension | 1b | single | Ref-KDT 6/e p759 Amphotericin B can Cause: Dose limiting nephrotoxicity (A) Infusion related reactions (not dose related) Hypokalemia Hypomagnesenia | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects |
8b861ea3-001c-4fec-b45d-b32c0ba10966 | Enzyme that produces single strand nicks in DNA: | DNA polymerase I | DNAase I | Polynucleotide kinase | l - exonuclease | 1b | single | Deoxyribonuclease I (DNAase I) Acts on single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA, and chromatin. Makes single stranded cuts in nearly any segment of DNA i.e. has low sequence specificity. Digest DNA that is not protected/not bound by protein, into its component deoxynucleotides. Used in DNA Foot Printing. E.g. (DNase I)... | Biochemistry | Replication |
3d3aa176-a815-488c-8753-cd68771eca05 | Regarding IMNCI, when should refer the clild to higher centre? | Pneumonia | Severe pneumonia | Persistent diarrhea | All of above | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Severe pneumonia Refer urgently to hospital afte giving instruction in following cases :? Possible serious bacterial infection Severe jaundice Diarrhoea with severe dehydration Severe persistent diarrhoea (not PERSISTENT DIARRHOEA) Severe dysentry Not able to feed or severe malnutritions Severe pnumon... | Pediatrics | null |
25d51302-993c-4302-92d0-4635a7433f4c | In gene cloning, largest fragment can be incorporated in: | Plasmid | Bacteriophage | Cosmid | Retrovirus | 2c | single | C i.e. Cosmid | Medicine | null |
dca4536e-8c8a-4034-b35a-e0e98d4ec806 | Injury to head of fibula may involve following except: | Anterior tibial nerve | Common peroneal nerve | Tibial nerve | Superficial peroneal nerve | 2c | multi | C i.e. Tibial nerve | Anatomy | null |
384e7abe-73b4-43cd-93d9-d37f1c958821 | Remnants of WolFion ducts in a female are in | Pouch of Douglas | Broad ligament | Utero vesical pouch | iliac fossa | 1b | single | Ganer&;s duct remnants of mesonephric duct in female Located in Broad ligament ref : BD CHAURASIA | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | All India exam |
efc0cd46-ebec-43d8-bed7-a376cfb46211 | All of the following nerves are involved in the process of erection of penis, EXCEPT: | Pudendal nerve | Sacral plexus | Hypogastric plexus | Nervi erigentes (S2,3,4) | 2c | multi | Erection is parasympathetic and emission and ejaculation are parasympathetic. The erectile response is mediated by a combination of central (psychogenic) innervation and peripheral (reflexogenic) innervation. Sensory nerves that originate from receptors in the penile skin and glans converge to form the dorsal nerve of ... | Anatomy | null |
1d884666-dad3-45dd-9868-d658737bd2ee | Rotation of a distal extension base around longitudinal axis is resisted by | Rigidity of major connector | Rigidity of minor connector | Both of the above | None of the above | 2c | multi | A second movement is rotation about a longitudinal axis as the distal extension base moves in a rotary direction about the residual ridge. This movement is resisted primarily by the rigidity of the major and minor connectors and their ability to resist torque. | Dental | null |
e1565d0f-8ed7-4b17-803f-c81c59960fc1 | Microalbuminuria is defined as- | 0.3-0.5 g of 24 hours urine protein | 0.03-0.3 g of 24 hours protein | 0.03-0.3 g of 24 hours urine albumin | > 2.5 g of 24 hours urine protein | 2c | single | Ref:Harrison 20th edition pg no. 2134 Albumin is detected by radioimmunoassay. Albumin /creatinine (mg/g) 24h urine protein (mg/24h) 24 hr albumin(mg/24h) Normal <30 <150 8-10 Microalbuminiuria 30-300 - 30-300 Proteinuria >300 >150 >300 Ref Harrison20th edition pg 267 | Medicine | Kidney |
c5d3db1f-05c4-44a8-8c2f-2c25ef28c376 | Commonest histological type of rhabdomyosarcoma of orbit is | Embryonal type | Alveolar type | Pleomorphic type | None of the above | 0a | multi | Embryonal RMS
Occurs in children < 10 years of age.
Chr IIP involved. | Ophthalmology | null |
897a1148-d962-4d5b-8926-4abe38ad5108 | All are true of Hodgkins lymphoma except ? | Bimodal age pattern | Females less common | Contiguous spread | Osteolytic metastasis | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Osteolytic metastasis | Pathology | null |
1c5eadca-e9c4-4840-9e98-ae0f539ea1d7 | Which of the following immunosuppressants is not used for the treatment of cancers? | Cyclophosphamide | Cyclosporine | Methotrexate | 6-Mercaptopurine | 1b | single | (Ref: KDT 6/e p839, 840) All antimetabolites can be used as anticancer drugs except azathioprine. Cyclosporine acts by inhibiting the transcription of IL-2 gene. It has no anti-cancer propey. | Pharmacology | Other topics and Adverse effects |
27ce39d3-c8e9-407d-8689-3569228fe50a | Carotid artery stenosis screening invivo choice is : | USG | CT | MRI | Doppler | 3d | single | Color doppler ultrasonography is the screening method of choice (not simple USG : option a is incorrect).
Carotid angiography is the investigation of choice for diagnosis. | Radiology | null |
0a39d455-53a0-4b21-8e5e-4915dda8f362 | H5N1 is strain of - | An flu | New vaccine againts AIDS | Aent for japanese encephalitis | Causes chickengunya fever | 0a | single | H5N1 is the strain of an influenza REF:<\p> MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.502 | Microbiology | Virology |
1a31abe7-fbc1-41bc-b42d-fab66edfef39 | The most important career of cholesterol in plasma is: | VLDL | LDL | HDL | Chylomicrons | 1b | single | Transport of Cholesterol between tissues:
Dietary cholesterol is incorporated into Chylomicrons.
95% of Chylomicron cholesterol is delivered to liver in Chylomicron remnant.
The cholesterol is secreted from liver in VLDL.
Most of the cholesterol secreted in VLDL is retained in IDL and ultimately LDL.
LDL cholesterol i... | Biochemistry | null |
afa2e25c-1602-4a23-8a0b-9e384e07b0a4 | Which of the following drug is effective against HIV with Y181C mutation? | Festinavir | Lersivirine | Elvitegravir | Dolutegravir | 1b | single | Festinavir is an NI shown to be effective in adefovir and tenofovir resistanceLersivirine is an NNI effective against HIV with Y181C mutationElvitegravir is an integrase inhibitor used for initial / naive treatmentDolutegravir is an integrase inhibitor approved for raltegravir-resistant infections | Microbiology | All India exam |
69131403-2d23-4a5e-a758-9168ebdbb802 | pH is 7.2; PCO2 12; PO2 55 most likely cause is - | Metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis | Metabolic alkalosis | Respiratory acidosis | Respiratory alkalosis | 0a | single | In this patient
pH → Decreased (Normal 7.4)
PCO2 → Decreased.
First step
Determine whether it is acidosis or alkalosis.
The decrease in pH suggests acidosis.
Second step
Observed HCO3-/PCO2 to determine the cause of acidosis or alkalosis
Only one value is mentioned and that too is not in sync with the pH
PCO2 value ... | Medicine | null |
e2d239bb-a31c-4a2b-8d52-2e577d0b54b4 | A 14-year-old girl is rushed to the emergency room after receiving a gunshot wound to the head and is pronounced dead on arrival. If this child died due to an immediate "blast effect" of the penetrating wound, the autopsy would likely show herniation of the tonsils of the cerebellum into which anatomic space? | Aqueduct of Sylvius | Central spinal canal | Foramen magnum | Foramen of Magendie | 2c | single | Penetrating wounds produce hemorrhage and blast effects. The "blast effect" of a high-velocity projectile causes an immediate increase in supratentorial pressure and results in death because of impaction of the cerebellum and medulla into the foramen magnum. A low-velocity projectile increases the pressure at a more gr... | Pathology | Central Nervous System |
b61f14f1-48f2-4826-aa76-3642841b325f | All are seen in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy except - | Microaneurysm | Neovascularization | Hard exudates | Macular edema | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., NeovascularizationClassification of Diabetic retinopathyNonproliferativeProliferativeBackground retinopathyo Microaneurysmo Dot and blot hemorrhage (deep hemorrhage)o Hard exudateo Macular edemaPreproliferative retinopathyo Cotton-wool spots (soft exudates)o Venous beadingo Extensive hemorrhageo Intra... | Ophthalmology | Vascular Disorders |
097d80fe-0ee8-4b11-8791-67be51722c4a | Van Nuys grading is used for | LCIS | DCIS | Medullary carcinoma breast | Inflammatory breast cancer | 1b | single | Van Nuy's prognostic index score(VNPI) is used for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ. For calculating VNPI score we consider Size in mm, Clearance margin in mm, Grade and necrosis, Age in years and each has score according to a definite criteria. All the scores are added together. 1)If points are 4-6 = % of local recurrence is ... | Surgery | Endocrinology and breast |
55fa61da-b15a-419c-a2a4-a65752ec51b8 | In which of the following conditions Berlin's edema is seen - | Open angle glaucoma | After cataract surgery | After concussional trauma | Diabetic retinopathy | 2c | single | Berlin's oedema, also called comnzotio retinae, occurs in blunt trauma to eye. It manifests as milky white cloudiness involving a considerable area of the posterior pole with a 'cherry-red' spot in the foveal region. | Ophthalmology | null |
ed99fb90-b73c-4eea-885a-aa5eab7ad188 | Genomic imprinting is seen in- | Prader willi syndrome | Marfan syndrome | EDS | Osteogenesis imperfecta | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Prader willi syndrome | Pathology | null |
d649f3a9-d472-48bd-9dae-47ed0f30327b | Punishment for Rape is under which section of IPC - | 375 | 376 | 312A | 304A | 1b | single | Ref: Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (V.V.Pillay)17th edition page no.389 The punishment for rape is prescribed in sec.376IPC with two subsection. Subsection 1:for rape described in Sec.375IPC imprisonment for at least seven years and liability to fine,unless victim is his own wife and is not less than twe... | Forensic Medicine | Sexual offences and infanticide |
179e3ce2-bcd3-4e52-a872-b6aae5d82402 | Which of the following nerve is most commonly damaged during wrist slash injury? | Ulnar nerve | Radial nerve | Median nerve - palmar cutaneous branch | Median nerve | 3d | single | The median nerve lies very superficially at the wrist, in the interval between the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor carpi radialis muscles just proximal to its entry under the flexor retinaculum in the hand. During wrist slash injuries, the other nerve which could be damaged is ulnar nerve, ... | Physiology | All India exam |
bfe880a8-c35e-4926-b0c3-fc6724d298d4 | Mastitis in infants ? | Treated with antibiotics | More common in boys | It is a congenital infection | Most common organism is E Coli | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Treated with antibioticsMastitis (infection of breast tissue) typically occurs in infants after 2 months of age. During the first 2 weeks of life, it occurs with equal frequency in males and females; thereafter, it is more common in girls, with a female:male ratio of approximately 2:1.The majority of ... | Pediatrics | null |
04011be2-ee71-4658-905f-5dcc287076cc | Multiple painful bleeding ulcers with inguinal bubo is seen with | Chancre | Granuloma inguinale | Lymphogranuloma Venerum | Chancroid | 3d | single | Ans. (D) Chancroid | Skin | S.T.D. |
8eea2fd5-ebd1-421c-a8c9-a9827cb742cd | Substrate for ATP synth ase is - | AMP | ADP | IMP | GMP | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., ADP o ATP synthesis occurs in ETC by enzyme F0F1, ATPase.o F1. component of F0F1, ATPase is ATPase synthase which catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP.ATP synthesis in ETCo Free energy of electron transport" is conserved by pumping protons from mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, so as ... | Biochemistry | Respiratory Chain |
d6c5d3cc-488d-4008-be99-9b04ff8721b2 | Laudanosine is metabolite of which of the following? | Cisatracurium | Atracurium | Pancuronium | Gallamine | 1b | multi | Laudanosine is a principal metabolite of atracurium, it has no neuromuscular blocking effects. Laudanosine freely crosses the blood brain barrier and in high concentration act as a CNS stimulant. It is primarily cleared through the liver. | Anaesthesia | null |
55b6919a-2971-461a-898a-731a40d807eb | Lateral wall of middle ear is formed by: | Tegmen tympani | Mastoid process | Promontory | Tympanic membrane | 3d | multi | Roof - Thin plate called as tegmen tympaniFloor - Jugular bulbAnterior wall - Internal carotid aeryPosterior wall - Lies close to mastoid air cellsMedial wall - labyrinthLateral wall - tympanic membrane | ENT | null |
2763442a-549e-4778-8fcb-a02dab07fcbe | The structure not passing through the aoic opening of the diaphragm is | Aoa | Azygous vein | Thoracic duct | Vagal trunk | 3d | single | The vagal trunk does not pass through the aoic opening of the diaphragm. It passes through the esophageal opening at the level of T10 veebrae. Major openings through the diaphragm Level of opening T8 T10 T12 Located in In the central tendon In the muscular pa In the crus of the diaphragm Structures passing through Infe... | Anatomy | All India exam |
f7979a38-a308-4bb3-bbc7-56463f9f5ed8 | QT prolongation is seen in all, except: | Hypothermia | Digitalis toxicity | Hypocalcemia | Romanowand syndrome | 1b | multi | Answer is B (Digitalis toxity) QT interval is shoened in digitalis toxity and not prolonged QT interval Is measured from the beginning of Q wave to the end of T wave Q It is the time taken for total ventricular events i.e. depolarization as well as repolarization 2 Normal QT interval should not exceed 42 seconds | Medicine | null |
a500f4f6-97e2-4fee-b629-665677e03a7f | All of the following are examples of traction epiphysis, EXCEPT: | Mastoid process | Condyles of tibia | Trochanter of femur | Tubercles of humerus | 1b | multi | Traction epiphysis is caused by the pull of muscles. Greater and lesser trochanter of femur, greater and lesser tubercle of humerus, medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus and mastoid process are all examples of traction epiphysis. Condyles of tibia is a type of pressure epiphysis. | Anatomy | null |
44513c21-0423-43cf-8123-6700fb3da530 | The histology of pterygium includes - | Elastotic degeneration | Epithelial inclusion bodies | Precancerous changes | d) Squamous metaplasia of the epithelium | 0a | single | Pathologically pterygium is a degenerative and hyperplastic condition of conjunctiva. The subconjunctival tissue undergoes elastotic degeneration and proliferates as vascularised granulation tissue under the epithelium, which ultimately encroaches the cornea. The corneal epithelium, Bowman&;s layer and superficial stro... | Ophthalmology | Conjunctiva |
1d47fd65-e736-4659-8b67-827cb3b1d188 | Following are radiological features of scurvy except? | Bony thickening | Metaphyseal widening | Metaphyseal calcification | Epiphyseal separation | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Metaphyseal wideningRadiological features of scurvyo The typical radiological features occur at the ends of long bones, paicularly around knee, i.e. lower end offemur and upper end of tibia. Other common site is proximal end of humerus.o Features are -Ground glass appearace of bone Pencil thin coex Wh... | Pediatrics | null |
74a0cdfc-84df-4efe-9b6e-08e7ba34805c | Position of the patient should be as described except: | Diagnostic laparoscopy - Trendelenburg with about 30° tilt | Colposcopy -Lithotomy | Transvaginal sonography in gynecology - Lithotomy with full bladder | Hysteroscopy - Lithotomy | 2c | multi | As the position described in the question are correct with respect to the surgery except for TVS.
In TVS, the position is dorsal with legs drawn up and not lithotomy Full bladder may or may not be required. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
a221e59f-7928-47a1-a4f9-dca9bef9fcbe | Granulation tissue comprises of: | Fibroblasts | Small blood vessels | Macrophages | All of the above | 3d | multi | The combination of proliferating fibroblasts, loose connective tissue, new blood vessels and scattered chronic inflammatory cells, forms a type of tissue that is unique to healing wounds and is called granulation tissue. This term derives from its pink, soft, granular gross appearance, such as that seen beneath the sca... | Pathology | null |
b53c338c-ee25-4e1e-a179-2128253d1803 | In which one of the following conditions is gas under diaphragm not seen | Perforated duodenal ulcer | Typhoid perforation | After laparotomy | Spontaneous rupture of oesophagus | 3d | single | After spontaneous rupture, the pressure in the oesophagus rapidly increases and burst at its weakest point in lower one-third, sending a stream of material into the mediastinum and often into the pleural cavity. Thus pneumomediastinum is formed Reference: Bailey and Love edition: 24 page no: 996 | Surgery | G.I.T |
f3736dea-8098-4c26-a901-bb5ff68e569c | Protein requirement in adult male - | 0-5 gm/kg/day | 1 gm/kg/day | 1-5 gm/kg/day | 2 gm/kg/day | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., I gm/kg/day Recommended protein allowancesGroupParticulars(g / kg / day)Man(60 kg)sedentaty workmoderate workheavy work1Woman(55 kg)sedentary workmoderate workheavy work1Infants0 to 3 months3 to 6 months6 to 9 months9 to 12 months1.161.161.691.69Children1 to 3 years4 to 6 years7 to 9 years1.31.121.18A... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Proteins |
7eb616c5-dcf0-4997-9599-9fed0e352c2e | Which first line antitubercular drug is bacteriostatic ? | INH | Rifampicin | Ethambutol | Pyrazinamide | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ethambutol o All first line drugs are tuberculocidal except ethambutol which is tuberculostatic.Thberculocidal -Rifampin, INH, streptomycin, pyrazinamide.Tuberculostatic - Ethambutol, PAS, cycloserine, thioacetazone. | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial |
260bf6a4-e5ff-466a-bd6a-e6c58e32ff24 | Febuxostat is indicated in the treatment of: | Hyperkalemia | Hyperuricemia | Hypernatremia | Hypercalcemia | 1b | single | Febuxostat is a non purine inhibitor of xanthine oxidase which is required for oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid. It is usually used in gout especially in patients who are intolerant to allopurinol. Other drugs used in the treatment of hyperuricemia: Uricosuric drugs Probenecid Sulfinpyrazone Uric aci... | Pharmacology | null |
2e35953c-9529-4a68-9899-e012edf857e4 | Eosinophilia in necrosed tissue is due to ? | Coagulation of proteins | Denaturation of enzymes | Denaturation of protein | Mitochondrial damage | 2c | single | Necrotic cells show increased eosinophilia in hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stains. It is mainly due to these 2 Factors Loss of cytoplasmic RNA (or ribonucleoprotein/RNP) which binds the blue dye, hematoxylin. Denatured cytoplasmic proteins which bind the red dye, eosin. | Pathology | null |
29cfb54c-33a2-4b0b-a14c-1726303dc1c3 | Irreversible cell injury | Mitochondrial densities | Cellular swelling | Blebs | None | 0a | multi | In irreversible cell injury, there are deposits of amorphous calcium salts in the mitochondrial matrix.(REF: Textbook of Pathology HARSH MOHAN 6th Edition page no.30) | Physiology | General physiology |
59b80ae5-50c6-48fc-ba45-edd6730a3f5c | Mite is a vector for - | R.typhi | R.prowazeki | R.rickettsii | R.tsutsugamushi | 3d | single | Mite transmits: Rickettsial Pox and Scrub Typhus
Agent for Rickettsial Pox: R.akari
Agent for Scrub Typhus: Orientia tsutsugamushi (old name- R. tsutsugamushi) | Microbiology | null |
c19a3356-65ca-42d3-8dd6-527adfbe3011 | Inferior angle of scapula is at what level of rib | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 2c | single | The eighth rib is just below the inferior angle of the scapula. The lower ribs can be identified on the back by counting down from the eighth rib so at the level of inferior angle of scapula is related to 7th rib. Ref : B D Chaurasia's Human Anatomy , seventh edition ,volume 1 , pg. no., 62 | Anatomy | Upper limb |
f8c8c619-30e9-45c5-95a9-5f43476ed3b6 | Which of the following is the COMMONEST cause of pyometra? | Carcinoma ovary | Carcinoma cervix | Carcinoma vagina | Uterine myoma | 1b | single | Pyometra refers to filling of the uterine cavity with pus. It occurs due to a blocked cervical canal in conditions such as cervical carcinoma or postmenopausal stenosis, it can also occur in senile endometritis, cancer of body of uterus, and puerperal endometritis.. In this condition, the cavity of distended uterus is ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
eef4462d-66fb-4571-b3a6-e18406973276 | Osiander's sign means : | Pulsation in the lateral vaginal fornix | Bluish colour change in the vagina | Softening of the cervix | On bimanual palpation the finger can be approximated as if nothing is in between | 0a | single | Pulsation in the lateral vaginal fornix | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
8b531e09-b7cd-4564-acd4-bcbed350ac0e | Sweat glands are which types of gland ? | Simple tubular | Simple coiled tubular | Compound tubular | Compound acinar | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Simple coiled tubular | Anatomy | null |
6f7492e9-c8e0-4f74-8da8-48ee013039c2 | Excitatory neurotransmitter of brain is? | GABA | Aspartate | Glutamate | Glycine | 2c | single | Ans. C Glutamate* The most prevalent transmitter is glutamate, which is excitatory at well over 90% of the synapses in the human brain.* The next most prevalent is Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, or GABA, which is inhibitory at synapses in the human brain. | Physiology | Nervous System |
fcc8c1bf-17d6-4a88-be61-3ca932c6326e | True about late onset schizophrenia: | Onset after 45 yrs | Onset between 25-30 yrs | Prognosis is poor | Olfactory hallucinations are common | 0a | multi | A i.e. Onset after 45 yrsLate onset schizophrenia is characterized by onset after age 45 years, more frequent female involvement, predominance of paranoid symptoms, ourable prognosis and patients usually do well on antipsychotic medicationQ. Late Onset Schizophrenia (LOS) & VeryLate Onset Schizophrenia (VLOS) - Accordi... | Psychiatry | null |
7a7de14d-82e6-4978-87e6-015345fc9aed | Antigen which does not appear in blood in hepatitis B: | HbcAg | HbeAg | HbsAg | None of the above | 0a | multi | Because HBcAg is intracellular and, when in the serum, sequestered within an HBsAg coat, naked core paicles do not circulate in serum and, therefore, HBcAg is not detectable routinely in the serum of patients with HBV infection. By contrast, anti-HBc is readily demonstrable in serum, beginning within the first 1-2 week... | Medicine | Hepatitis |
9c3b794c-a78d-4718-aa3b-36be1352003e | Bih rate is | Live bih X 1000\/ mid yr. Population | Bih X 1000\/ mid yr population | Live bih X 10000\/ mid yr. Population | Live bih X 10000\/Population of reproductive age group (15-45) | 0a | single | Bih rate = number of live bihs during the year X 1000/ estimated mid year population. Unsatisfactory measure of feility because the total population is not exposed to child bearing. Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no: 488 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Demography and family planning |
96c4528a-2864-48cc-8f3c-c538e931b089 | Pear-shaped trophozoite with undulating membrane is characteristic features of | Trichomonas Vaginalis | Giardia - Iambiia | African trypanosomiasis | Enteromonas hominis | 0a | single | (Trichomonas vaginalis) (37-P) (40- Paniker 6th)Trichomonas vaginalis - occurs only as the trophozoite there being no cystic form in trichomonas. The trophozoite is ovoid or pear shaped, broad with short undulating membrane reaching uptop the middle of the body. It has 4 anterior flagella and fifth running along the ou... | Microbiology | Parasitology |
e5f1f933-d2f2-41c4-84b5-2a892e57ac1e | A child suffering from asthma is to be treated with a drug that blocks the synthesis of leukotrienes. What drug would be an appropriate choice | Cromolyn sodium | Montelukast | Zileuton | Theophylline | 2c | single | zileuton mech of action:- It is a 5-LOX(lipoxygenase) inhibitor, blocks LTC4/D4 as well as LTB4 synthesis. It therefore has the potential to prevent all LT induced responses including those exeed by activation of cysLT1 receptor. Duration of action of zileuton is sho. side effects:- Hepatotoxicity | Pharmacology | Respiratory system |
cf5b8923-cb7e-4dd0-913f-ed09945ea2cd | Mobitz II hea block is seen with all except? | Hypothyroidism | Coronary aery disease | Sarcoidosis | Cushing syndrome | 3d | multi | Mobitz II | Damage to BOH at infranodal site Option A- Hypothyroidism - myxedema- Mobitz II Option B- Coronary aery disease= Ischemic - Mobitz II Option C- Sarcoidosis= Non caseating granuloma- Mobitz II | Medicine | NEET 2018 |
1c10a99b-84f4-48aa-92e3-2ba5a01f6a61 | Hot Cross Bun Sign on MRI is seen in- | Multisystem atrophy | Lewy body dementia | Progressive supranuclear palsy | Alzeihmer's disease | 0a | single | * HOT CROSS BUN SIGN - cross shaped hyperintensity in the center of pons * It is a classic feature of Multisystem atrophy type - C * Multisystem atrophy type - c has involvement of pontocerebellar pathway Figure: hot cross bun sign - MSA-C Figure showing Humming bird sign in Progressive supranuclear palsy. Figure showi... | Radiology | Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
5761272e-45b1-4155-a216-c9e7a90be357 | A drug is more likely to cause toxicity in elderly patients due to all of the following reasons EXCEPT: | decreased renal excretion of drugs | decreased hepatic metabolism | increased receptor sensitivity | decreased volume of distribution | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' ie decreased volume of distribution Volume of distribution is increased with aging. This leads to decreased elimination of the drug and hence increased toxicity.Other changes seen with aging which lead to increased toxicity of drugsincreased sensitivity of the target organs*decreased renal excretion of drug... | Pharmacology | Pharmacodynamics |
cca15142-7e16-447c-9350-0f42a15333aa | Carbamoyl phosphate is used in- | Urea | Uric acid | Pyruvic acid | Stearic acid | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Urea o Carbamoyl phosphate is used in the synthesis of urea (urea cycle).Aspartate - NH. (or NH4+) + CO, + H,0 + 3 ATP - Fumarate + Urea + 2 ADP + 2Pi + AMP + PPio Kidney and intestine contribute to most of body arginine because they posses all the urea cycle enzymes except arginase.o Brain can synthe... | Biochemistry | Urea Cycle and Disorders |
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