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135
9bd99cd9-09ef-4d7a-87a0-1452ca92a745
A 20-year-old primigravida at 12 weeks of gestation complains of spotting per vaginum. On examination uterine size corresponds to gestational age and cervical os appears closed. What is your diagnosis?
Inevitable aboion
Threatened aboion
Complete aboion
Incomplete aboion
1b
single
The clinical diagnosis of threatened aboion is presumed when bloody vaginal discharge or bleeding appears through a closed cervical os during the first 20 weeks. Uterus corresponds to the gestational age. Transvaginal sonography is used to locate the pregnancy and determine if the fetus is alive.Reference: William's Ob...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
General obstetrics
df6cb8f2-27d5-41be-a8b1-32cdda520ca6
After the death of the 78 years old male patient in a hospital , who was suffering from COPD. His relatives entered the hospital with heavy sharp weapons and damaged the hospital propey and stared abusing and beating the doctor as well as his staff, Violence against a medical practitioner is considered as:
Non-cognizable and non-bailable offense
Non-cognizable and bailable offense
Cognizable and bailable offense
Cognizable and non-bailable offense
3d
single
Medical protection act: The Act, covering doctors affiliated to institutions as well as independent practitioners, outlaws attacks against physicians and damage to their propey. Offenders can get a jail term of up to 3 years and a fine of Rs 50,000. As per the medicare service persons and damage to propey in medicare s...
Forensic Medicine
Medical Jurisprudence
635ed4bd-28c3-4589-8c3a-a1a79d72d0b2
Commonest type of seizure in newborn/neonates
Clonic
Tonic
Subtle
Tonic-clonic
2c
single
*Subtle seizures are the commonest type of seizures in newborns especially they can occur within 72 hours of bih .. *They may result from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in preterm infants Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2034
Medicine
C.N.S
8fa514ea-736d-4300-b059-a518a0eb967a
Specific reason to disallow the sample for culture?
Sample brought within 2 hr of collection
Sample brought in sterile plastic container
Sample brought in formalin
Sample obtained after cleaning the collection site
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Sample brought in formalin Guidelines for proper specimen collection Collect specimen before administering antibiotics or antivirals when possible. Collect specimen with as little skin contamination as possible to ensure that the sample collected represents the infected site. Utilize appropriate colle...
Microbiology
null
dace72b9-1a3d-4564-999f-85825d39921e
HDL is increased by
Exercise
400 mg Vit. E daily
Aspirin
DHEA
0a
single
Exercise Aerobic exercise increases the level of HDL cholesterol.
Biochemistry
null
a7a2564e-199b-4808-8390-fadbbb59aab4
Which of the following protein inhibits heme loss from plasma?
Ferritin
Hemopexin
Ceruloplasmin
Hemosiderin
1b
single
Hemopexin Binds to porphyrins, paicularly heme for heme recycling which prevent heme loss from plasmaFerritin is an intracellular protein that stores and releases iron Ferritin molecules in lysosomal membranes may aggregate in deposits that contain as much as 50% iron. These deposits are called hemosiderin. Ceruloplasm...
Physiology
Cardiovascular system
f33608c6-fd5b-4d28-a4a3-07f11f563d22
A 42 year old male with a past history of a manic episode presents with an illness of 1 month duration characterized by depressed mood, anhedonia and profound psychomotor retardation. The most appropriate management strategy is prescribing a combination of:
Antipsychotics and antidepressants
Antidepressants and mood stabilizers
Antipsychotics and mood stabilizers
Antidepressants and benzodiazepines
1b
single
B i.e. Antidepressant & mood stabilizersThe patient is suffering from bipolar mood disorder as there is past history of manic episode & currently is suffering from depressive episode (as shown by depressed mood, anhedonia i.e. not attaining pleasure & nihilism, psycho-motor retardation). Treatment strategy Antidepressa...
Psychiatry
null
e11e3785-2732-4d53-a5d1-fe8fd665b15d
Allergic salute is seen in -
Allergic rhinitis
Chronic sinusitis
NasalMyiasis
Chronic onjunctivitis
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Allergic rhinitis Clinical presentation of allergic rhinitiso There is no sex predilection, o The symptoms include : -y Itching of eyes and nose u Sneezingy Profuse watery dischargey Post nasal dripy Concomittant coughing and wheezingy Nasal obstructiono On examination, following findings are seen : -...
ENT
Nose and PNS
f1f7b5b5-1446-4c3b-b863-6f933689cb95
Which of the following increases callus formation:
Rigid immobilization
Movement at fracture site
Compression plating
Intraosseous nailing
1b
multi
Ans: B. Movement at fracture site (Ref Apley 9/e p689)Micro movements at fracture site encourages vascular proliferation -Increases callus formation.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
d9f18d3f-ecb8-4887-963c-2cfde7fc9109
An elderly male presents with T3N0 laryngeal carcinoma. What would be the management?(AIIMS Nov 2014, May 2014)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Radical radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy
Radical radiotherapy without chemotherapy
1b
single
Ans. b. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (Ref: Harrison 19/e p504-505, 18/e p 734-735; com/ article/ 2047862-overview style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif">)An elderly male presents with T3N0 laryngeal carcinoma. Treatment is concurrent chemoradiotherapy.'Advanced laryngeal cance...
ENT
Tumors
1f5a2a36-65af-4e00-862d-d95958a301bd
Best prognosis in infeile women is seen in / most reversible form of infeility is :
Tubal block
Anovulation
Oligospermia
Endometritis
1b
single
Ans. is b i.e. Anovulation "Disorders of ovulation account for about 30 - 40 % of all cases of female infeility. These disorders are generally among the most easily diagnosed and most treatable causes of infeility." In couples with infeility ovulatory disorder have the best prognosis. Relatively poor prognosis is obser...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
8be76eb0-d17f-4ee1-91c3-5ba32a6a5b85
Triad of pelvic lipomatosis includes all except?
Pelvic radiolucency
Elevation of an intact recto sigmoid
Pear shaped bladder
Thickening of colon
3d
multi
Ans DPlain film examinations reveal an unusual radiolucencv in the pelvis which allows visualization of the muscular planes and better definition of the bony detail of the sacrum. The appearance of the opacified rectum and urinary bladder are characteristic. The rectum is narrowed, stretched and elongated. The sigmoid ...
Radiology
G.I.T.
84999142-fb6d-42e2-8bf4-05f68e79cf30
Kerion is caused by:
Candida
Streptococcus
Dermatophytes
Herpes
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Dermatophytes(Ref: Harrison, 18th/e, p. 401 and 17th/e, p. 318; Jawetz, 23rd/e, p. 631)* Kerion is a hypersensitivity and inflammation reaction in Tinea capitis caused by zoophilic species of dermatophytes (T. verrucosum and T. mentagrophytes).
Microbiology
Mycology
94b4e879-d028-4ab9-8712-5506cd8b2c16
Protein efficiency ratio is -
Gain weight per unit of protein consumed
Product of digestibility coefficient and biological value divided by 100
Percentage of nitrogen retained out of the nitrogen absorbed
Percentage of protein absorbed after digestion
0a
single
Protein efficiency ratio (PER) is based on the weight gain of a test subject divided by its intake of a paicular food protein during the test period. From 1919, until very recently, the PET has been a widely used method for evaluating the quality of protein in food Ref: Dictionary of public Health, Dr. Jugal Kishore Pg...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Nutrition and health
ca7def59-a25b-434e-afe3-c035074bbf91
Following traumatic peripheral nerve transection, re-growth usually occurs at which of the following rates?
0.1 mm per day
1 mm per day
5 mm per day
1 cm per day
1b
multi
Transection of a peripheral nerve results in hemorrhage and in retraction of the severed nerve ends. Almost immediately, degeneration of the axon distal to the injury begins. Degeneration also occurs in the proximal fragment back to Surgery the fist node of Ranvier. Phagocytosis of the degenerated axonal fragments leav...
Surgery
null
c819f06a-614f-48eb-ab00-c87085d29fb7
A patient is said to have chronic diarrhea if it is occurring for more than ...... weeks?
3
4
5
6
1b
single
Ans. B. 4DiarrheaDefinition-It is defined according to symptoms as increase in liquidity, frequency and volume of stools; and according to sign as increase in stool weight of more than 200gm/day.Pseudo diarrhea-it is the frequent passage of small volume of stools. It is seen in irritable bowel syndrome and proctitis.Cl...
Medicine
Miscellaneous
b46a2f4d-9b95-4919-aec3-ea27ae6596ec
Population genetics principle was given by?
Hardy Weinberg
Sewall Wright
J. B. S. Haldane
R. A. Fisher
0a
multi
ANSWER: (A) Hardy WeinbergREF: Park 20th ed p. 730The Hardy-Weinberg principle provides the solution to how variation is maintained in a population with Mendelian inheritance. According to this principle, the frequencies of alleles (variations in a gene) will remain constant in the absence of selection, mutation, migra...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Demography
6118ffe4-3a33-4f72-ba8a-b8dafc227006
Force generating proteins are:
Myosin and myoglobin
Dynein and kinesin
Calmodulin and G protein
Troponin
1b
single
Ans. (b) Dynein and kinesin(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.39)The force-generating apparatus of microtubules are dynein and kinesinDynein and kinesin are also called as molecular motors that aids in axonal transport in neurons
Physiology
General
bde85040-9be4-4f87-a499-ff9f3d734ad1
Molluscum contagiosu m virus belongs to -
Poxviruses
Herpesviruses
Picornaviruses
Adenovirus
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Poxviruses o Among the given options, smallpox (variola) virus and molluscum contagiosum affect human as their primary host.o Small pox has been eradicated,o Molluscum contagiosum is a common skin infection.Poxviruses causing disease in humansGenusVirusPrimary HostDisease VariolaHumanSmallpox (new eli...
Microbiology
Virology
d3ecba56-aa38-48d6-8ffb-b030988e309d
Chronic recurrent synovitis with history of pustules in multiple sites diagnostic of ?
Werner’s syndrome
Wartenberg’s syndrome
SAPHO syndrome
Wermer syndrome
2c
single
Ref. Textbook of Orthopedics, Ebnezar. Page. 688   SAPHO Syndrome SAPHO syndrome is a chronic disorder that involves the skin, bone, and joints. SAPHO is an acronym for the combination of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis. Genetic predisposition is suggested by the higher prevalence of HLA-B27 Th...
Unknown
null
bfd7dff3-2eec-4343-a98e-338c6094bdc5
Treatment of paner is required in all infections Except
Candida
Herpes
Trichomonas
Gardnerella
3d
multi
Treatment of male paners with metronidazole does not prevent recurrence of bacterial vaginosis/gardenella associated with vaginal discharge."Treatment of sexual paners is required in :CandidiasisHerpes genitalisTrichomoniasis
Microbiology
All India exam
320bef24-8b47-4ad9-839b-43eeeeb2a5e7
True statement regarding use of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy
valproate is associated with NTD
Multiple drug should be given
carbamazepine is used as monotherapy
phenytoin can produce foetal hydantoin syndrome
0a
multi
Neural tube defects are associated with valproate. fetal anticonvulsant syndrome or fetal hydantoin syndrome :risk is increased with the number of drugs.the cause is thought to be folate defeciency as these drugs interfere with folate metabolism monotherapy is associated with lower risk TEXTBOOK OF GYNECOLOGY,SHEILA BA...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Medical, surgical and gynaecological illness complicating pregnancy
4e738800-a3a2-45ad-ac87-4c152e27d59d
Primary amenorrhoea with anosmia is seen in :
Kallman syndrome
Laurence moon Biedl syndrome
Foster - kennedy syndrome
Sheehan's syndrome
0a
multi
Ans. is a i.e. Kallman Syndrome Friends, you know the answer to this question quite well. Here I would like to point out that in solving PGMEE Questions of previous years, it is not only impoant to know the correct answer with its details, it is equally impoant to know the details of incorrect options (as Questions mig...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
cd74bd07-7195-47a5-8898-095e1dd8fd0c
Amyloid deposits stain positively with all of the following except
Congo Red
Crystal violet
Methenamine silver
Thioflavin ?
2c
multi
. Methenamine silver
Pathology
null
4563ffb0-89ed-4917-953b-60dbd06b3ca8
All are features of Marfan's syndrome, EXCEPT:
Lens dislocation
Aortic regurgitation
Mousy odor urine
Pneumothorax
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' Mousy odour urine Mousy odour urine is a feature of homocystinuriaMarfan's syndrome:It is characterized by a triad of:Long thin extremities* frequently associated with other skeletal changes such as loose joints* and arachnodactyly *Reduced vision as a result of dislocation of lens*Aortic aneurysm*
Medicine
Disorder of Metabolism & Connective Tissue
b420e433-2234-41e1-8c8f-533064837095
Double bubble appearance is seen in:
Jejunal atresia
Duodenal atresia
Obstructive jaundice
Pyloric stenosis
1b
single
Ans. B. Duodenal atresiaThe double bubble sign is seen in infants and represents dilatation of the proximal duodenum and stomach. It is seen in both radiographs and ultrasound, and can be identified antenatally The finding is typically pathologic, and implies either duodenal atresia, duodenal web, annular pancreas, and...
Pediatrics
Stomach and Intestines
fd6c4231-a3f8-4267-8715-fe400bbbc936
Unilateral high stepping gait is seen in
L5 radiculopathy
Distal radiculopathy
Cauda equina syndrome
None
0a
multi
Steppage gait (High stepping, Neuropathic gait) is a form of gait abnormality characterised by foot drop or ankle equinus due to loss of dorsiflexion. The foot hangs with the toes pointing down, causing the toes to scrape the ground while walking, requiring someone to lift the leg higher than normal when walking Condit...
Medicine
C.N.S
af628401-afe5-4055-aef3-cae380bb269f
Euryblepharon is?
Full-thickness triangular gap in tissue of the lids
Unilateral or bilateral horizontal widening of palpebral fissure
Small eyelids
Failure of lid to develop
1b
multi
Euryblepharon : Unilateral or bilateral horizontal widening of palpebral fissure. Usually a/w lateral canthal malposition and lateral ectropion
Ophthalmology
Lacrimal Apparatus and Eyelid Disorders
fb7788f1-39e5-4a7f-a76d-6acbba8efc5d
Bajaj committee in 1986 proposed
Multipurpose health worker
Manpower and planning
Rural health service
Integrated health services
1b
single
Bajaj Committee, 1986An "Expe Committee for Health Manpower Planning, Production and Management" was constituted in 1985 under Dr J.S. Bajaj, the then professor at AIIMS. Major recommendations are :Formulation of National Medical & Health Education Policy.Formulation of National Health Manpower Policy.Establishment of ...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Health education & planning
65516a54-185e-4cd5-b3fc-192566ecb891
The enzyme deficient in erythropoietic porphyria is:
PBG deaminase
Uroporphyrin II cosynthetase
Coprophyrin
Ferrochelatase
3d
single
- Erythropoietic protoporphyria is due to deficiency of enzyme ferrochelataseQ.- All porphyrias are autosomal dominant (AD) except congenital erythropoietic porphyria (autosomal recessive, AR), ALA dehydratase (porphobilinogen) deficiency (AR) and X-linked protoporphyria (X-linked).
Biochemistry
null
244adc66-622f-47c1-9f4d-4f328199edb5
Women undergoing infertility treatment are advised to avoid NSAIDs in preovulatory period because
Prostaglandins contribute to ovulation
NSAIDs inhibit LH surge
NSAIDs cause premature rupture of follicle
NSAIDs like aspirin cause endometrial shedding.
0a
single
Prostaglandin stimulates smooth muscle contraction in ovary, contributing to ovulation.  prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors if taken in pre ovulatory period can cause luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome (LUFS).
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
fb2233fe-d181-4709-9867-421cb911dfdc
A patient with mitral stenosis had to undergo surgery. A pre-anaesthetic checkup revealed the increased liver enzymes. Which of the following inhalational agent should be preferred in this patient?
Xenon
Enflurane
Halothane
Sevoflurane
0a
single
Halothane is hepatotoxic and all fluorinated anesthetic agents can cause a dose-dependent decrease in arterial BP and de­pression of heart. Xenon has minimal effect on CVS function.
Pharmacology
null
f25caa8b-6391-45ca-98ac-9351345f0aab
Acute emphysematous cholecystitis is caused by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus
Clostridium perfringens
Streptococcus pyogenes
2c
single
Emphysematous cholecystitis It is thought to begin with acute cholecystitis (calculous or acalculous), followed by ischaemia or gangrene of GB wall and infection by gas producing organisms. Causative organisms of Emphysematous Cholecystitis Anaerobes : Clostridium welchi or Cl. Perfringens Aerobes : E.coli Ref: Sabisto...
Anatomy
G.I.T
64cbdbe6-572d-4e77-8ed5-cd14a076011e
A 69-year-old man has numbness in the middle three digits of his right hand and finds it difficult to grasp objects with that hand. He states that he retired 9 years earlier, after working as a carpenter for 50 years. He has atrophy of the thenar eminence ( Fig ). Which of the following conditions is the most likely ca...
Compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel
Repeated trauma to the ulnar nerve
Osteoahritis of the cervical spine
Formation of the osteophytes that compress the ulnar nerve at the medial epicondyle
0a
single
It is due to repeat stress injury - leading to carpal tunnel syndrome compression of median nerve with inflammation of flexor tendons tingling sensation in 31/2 fingers including nail bed loss of motor innervation to muscles of the thenar eminence atrophy ofthenar eminence Osteoahritis of the cervical spine would also ...
Orthopaedics
Peripheral Nerve Injury
8a90fd46-ccaf-4d3b-8a0c-3d670fed562f
Adequate steroidogenesis in corpus luteum depends on serum levels of
GnRH
FSH
LH
Oestrogen
2c
single
LH levels in serum, determine adequate steroidogenesis in corpus Luteum.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
72e57a54-decf-41b9-9230-08b097ad3637
Monoclonal antibody used in cancer is
Rituximab
Cisplatin
5-fluorouracil
Methotrexate.
0a
single
Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody against CD20. It is used for treatment of: - Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Chronic lymphoid leukemia Rheumatoid ahritis SLE Auto-immune hemolytic anemia Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura OTHER OPTION: Cisplatin is most emetogenic anticancer drug - DOC- esophageal or gastric cancer 5-fluorour...
Pharmacology
FMGE 2019
e0a36d91-11cf-4b05-a8e1-33eea89d1412
Shakir's tape is an example of:
Community paicipation
Intersectoral coordination
Equitable distribution
Appropriate technology
3d
single
Norms under Appropriate technology: Technology that is scientifically sound. adaptable to local needs. acceptable to those who apply it and those for whom it is used. can be maintained using the locally available resources. - Shakir's tape used to measure mid-arm circumference of child accept all the above norms.
Social & Preventive Medicine
PH Care, Elements & Principles
8e31ce90-cfb7-4059-bafe-e7aaa1ed08b6
In post-term pregnancy, there is increased risk of all except
Postpaum hemorrhage
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Intracranial hemorrhage
Placental insufficiency leading to fetal hypoxia
0a
multi
Post maturity DOES NOT put mother at risk.Increased morbidity may occur due to hazards of induction. Post term pregnancy causes an increased risk of placental insufficiency due to placental ageing,meconium aspiration and intracranial hemorrhage. (TB of obstetrics DC DUTTA 8th edition pg 374)
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Abnormal labor
e15a582d-d402-41ee-bc32-35658212e0dc
Most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage IS
AV malformation
Cavernous angioma
Aneurysm
Hypeension
2c
single
*Commonly result from rupture of congenital berry aneurysms in the interpeduncular cistern Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2344
Medicine
C.N.S
22108973-c532-4831-9d70-458e3eed507b
Post mortem caloricity is seen with -
Arsenic
Lead
Datura
Strychnine
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Stry chnine Post mortem caloricity:o The temperature of body remains raised for first two hours or so after death.o It is seen with:WTten the regulation of heat production has been severely disturbed before death as in sunstroke & some nervous disordersWhen there has been a great increase in heat prod...
Forensic Medicine
Injuries
e73848fa-8f45-4725-be6c-60b1d28f059d
A 25-year-old woman sustains a deep, open laceration over her right forearm in a motorcycle accident. The wound is cleaned and sutured. During the next 3 months, the wound heals with formation of a linear scar. Which of the following nutritional factors is required for proper collagen assembly in the scar tissue of the...
Folic acid
Thiamine
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
3d
single
Vitamin C. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a powerful, biologic reducing agent that is necessary for the hydroxylation of proline residues in collagen. Most of the clinical features associated with vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) are caused by the formation of an abnormal collagen that lacks tensile strength. Patients with ...
Pathology
Inflammation & Repair
907a602b-3d7a-49df-9bb5-89e2a42c0d60
XDR-TB is defined as: March 2012
Resistance to at least INH and rifampicin +/- other drugs
Resistance to any of the 3 first line drugs
Resistance to all 1st line drugs and any 3 second line injectable drugs
Resistance to at least INH and rifampicin + any quinolones + at least 1 injectable 2nd line drug
3d
multi
Ans: D i.e. Resistance to atleast INH and rifampicin + any quinolones + atleast 1 injectable 2nd line drug Terminology related to drug therapy of TB MDR/ Multi Drug Resistant TB is defined by resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid, with or without other drug resistance Drug resistant TB is defined by the prese...
Medicine
null
d216bd01-27e4-47e4-a710-2d52ebb52328
Gene cassette is:
Circular, autonomously replicating element
Integrated elements that can excise to form a non-replicating circular transfer intermediate
Circular, non-replicating DNA segments containing only open reading frames
Integrated DNA segment that contains an integrase, a promoter, and an integration site
2c
single
Element Characteristic Role in spread of resistance genes Self transmissible plasmid Circular, autonomously replicating element; carries genes needed for conjugal DNA transfer Transfer of resistance genes; mobilization of other elements that carry resistance genes Conjugative transposon Integrated elements that can exc...
Microbiology
null
562a3053-ec2a-43ea-807b-abd16a4c0bce
All of the following structures pass through Sinus of Morgagni except
Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Ascending pharyngeal aery
Eustachian tube
2c
multi
SINUS OF MORGAGNI It is a space between the base of the skull and upper free border of superior constrictor muscle. Through it enters (i) the eustachian tube, (ii) the levator veli palatini, (iii) tensor veli palatini and (iv) ascending palatine aery--branch of the facial aery. Ref:- Dhingra; pg num:- 240
ENT
Pharynx
0bf54c0d-ae43-40f6-9b1b-ce138918f19a
Which of the following is not used topically for ophthalmic use ?
Hydrocoisone
Prednisolone
Methylprednisolone
Dexamethasone
2c
multi
Answer- C. MethylprednisoloneTopical coicosteroids for ophthalmologic use are :-Hydrocoisone ointmentPrednisolone acetate suspensionPrednisolone sodium phosphate solutionDexamethasone sodium phosphate suspensionMedrysone suspensionFluorometholone suspensionRimexalone suspension
Ophthalmology
null
c37179be-4daf-47cc-a464-1e0d051ca4c9
Oudin procedure is a immunodiffusion by
Single diffusion in one dimension
Double diffusions in one dimention
Single diffusion in two dimensions
Double diffusions in two dimensions.
0a
single
Single diffusion in one dimension (Oudin Procedure).
Microbiology
null
3040fde4-1642-42c3-b8b4-8c881e276b02
False about celiac disease
Villous atrophy
Crypt hyperplasia
Infiltration of lymphocytes
Villous hyperplasia
3d
multi
It is a malabsorption syndrome characterised by significant loss of villi in the small intestine and thence diminished absorptive surface area. The condition occurs in 2 forms- childhood and adult type. Childhood form referred to as coeliac disease. Adult form called idiopathic steatorrhea. Both forms are histologicall...
Pathology
G.I.T
e620d0cd-846d-45fd-8d0b-d2cdb62916ad
A characteristic feature of nephrotic syndrome in children –
Lipid casts in urine
WBC casts in urine
RBC casts in urine
Albumin in urine
2c
single
Acute nephritic syndrome Nephritic syndrome is a collection of signs associated with disorders affecting the kidneys, more specifically glomerular disorders and is characterized by haematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, oedema and oliguria. 1. Haematuria The haematuria is slight giving the urine smoke appearance. E...
Pediatrics
null
f3848d77-d11a-4af1-83fd-4acc80669df0
A patient having glaucoma develops blepharoconjunctivitis after instilling some anti-glaucoma drug. Which of the following drug can be responsible for it :
Timolol
Latanosprost
Dipiverine
Pilocarpine
0a
single
A i.e.Timolol
Ophthalmology
null
95df91aa-7645-4372-85af-eb5196f21b50
Renal replacement therapy replaces all except -
Endocrine function
Urine output
Blood biochemistry
Ultrafiltration
0a
multi
Renal replacement therapy does not replace the endocrine and metabolic functions of the kidney . It maintains plasma biochemistry (uraemic toxins, electrolytes acid base) It also removes fluid from the circulation (ultrafiltration) to maintain the plasma volume. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 290
Anatomy
Kidney
0d862ac0-b5bc-4fad-8904-72fd83a461d7
Azygos lobe is found in -
Heart
Spleen
Lung
Pancreas
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lung Lobes of lungso Lobes of lungs may be;Left lung- It has two lobes separated by oblique fissure :Superior (upper) lobe ; It is the part above and in front of oblique fissure. Ligula is a small part of superior lobe projecting from the lower part of cardiac notch at the anterior border of the left ...
Anatomy
Lungs & Pleura
3047aba7-d159-4fa5-a25f-ac17d72ece44
Some fungi have two different morphological forms, yeast and molds. If they do, it is likely that:
The yeast form appears in the environment, the mold form in tissue
The mold form appears in the environment, the yeast form in tissue
Both forms appear in tissue
Neither form appears in tissue since these are nonpathogenic organisms
1b
multi
Dimorphic fungi Shows typical thermal dimorphism. They are hyaline septate molds at 25degC-28deg C (in environment) and yeast at 37degC (tissues). Always endemic Eg : Sporothrix scheinckii Penicillium marneffi Histoplasma capsulatum Blastomyces Coccidomyces Paracoccidiomyces
Microbiology
Mycology
9fce951e-4e15-45f0-b633-f109a20c5b37
Oniomania is a disorder of compulsive:
Stealing
Gambling
Buying
Hair pulling
2c
single
Oniomania is a compulsive disorder that drives people to buy in a repetitive and uncontrolled manner regardless of consequences. Oniomania is an example of a reactive impulse or impulsive insanity. Although DSM IV-TR does not mention CBD, the disorder can be placed in the category 'impulse control disorder not otherwis...
Psychiatry
null
5d8b4b3d-dd81-4110-b2da-e87843cdaad6
Emesis receptor is
5HT1
5HT2
5HT3
5HT4
2c
single
ANSWER: (C) 5HT3REF: Goodman Gillman manual of pharmacology and therapeutics 2008 edition, page 646Iheprocessofnauseaandvomiting appears to be coordinated by a central emesis center in the lateral reticular formation of the mid-brainstem adjacent to both the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the area postrema (AP) at...
Pharmacology
G.I.T
58cbadc2-9264-437b-ba13-21de87f2c9c2
The recommended concentration of fluoride in a community water supply is:
0.1 ppm
0.5 ppm
1.0 ppm
2.0 ppm
2c
single
Fluoridation is the adjustment of water supply to a fluoride content such that reduction of 50 to 70% in dental caries would occur without damage to teeth or other structures. In 1958, WHO produced the first report by an expert committee on water fluoridation (TRS 146) and concluded that drinking water containing about...
Dental
null
75a74cc3-2b42-4974-9c1a-1a6d8ad34fb7
SA-14-14-2-
Deploid cell inactivated
Killed vaccine
Life long immunity
Primary immunization 2 doses
2c
single
SA 14-14-2 strain is live attenuated vaccine whuch offers life ling immunity.Ref.PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE 21st edition page no 261
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable diseases
cff7416e-a248-4eba-97fd-209813eb6273
All are features of RPGN except?
Rapid recovery
Crescent formation
High blood pressure
Non - selective proteinuria
0a
multi
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN)- characterized by a rapid loss of renal function, with glomerular crescent formation If left untreated, it rapidly progresses into acute renal failure and death within months. C/F- hematuria, red blood cell casts in the urine and non selective proteinuria Hypeension and ede...
Medicine
Nephrotic and Nephritic syndrome
2d84abbf-b8ef-4f97-a471-a1dccc08986b
4 yrs old child presents with lethargy, delayed development of epiphysis, and and retarded dental eruption. He also seemed to have growth retardation and mental retardation. He also shows slow relaxation component of deep tendon reflexes. Diagnosis is:
Rickets
Hypothyroidism
Scurvy
Hypoparathyroidism
1b
single
Juvenile hypothyroidism often presents with sho stature and abnormal weight gain. Other findings include delayed epiphyseal development, delayed closure of fontanels, and retarded dental eruption. The skin may be dry, thick, scaly, coarse, pale, cool, or mottled, or have a yellowish tinge. The hair may be dry, coarse, ...
Pediatrics
null
b7aaf10a-ad27-4385-b61b-5d22418c1ef7
Small cystic lesions in the lenticular nucleus, thalamus, and internal capsule are most closely associated with
Hypeension
Embolism
A demyelinating disease
A genetic disease
0a
multi
Small cystic lesions in the lenticular nucleus, thalamus, and internal capsule are most closely associated with lacunar infarctions, which are most commonly secondary to hypeension. They account for 20% of all strokes. The small aerioles supplying these areas are branches of the middle cerebral aery. They exhibit aerio...
Radiology
Nervous system
7a7ccab5-981f-4d9d-996d-c37f80aacbcb
Main support of the uterus is formed by:
Mackendrot's ligament
Broad ligament
Fallopian tubes
Round ligament
0a
multi
Ref: Slum 's Textbook of Gynaecology 15th Edition Pg 18.Explanation:Supports of uterus are triradiate condensation of endo pelvic fascia:Anterior spoke - Pubocervical ligamentEateral spoke - Mackenrodt ligamentPosterior spoke - Uterosacral ligamentSUPPORTS OF THE GENITAL TRACTDeLancey's three level systems of support* ...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Miscellaneous (Obs)
092dc8d0-e4b5-4237-9afc-09c540fc1f10
The first change in precancerous lesion on colposcopy is
Mosaics
Puntation
Acetowhite lesions
Cork-screw vessels
1b
single
The first change in precancerous lesion is punctuation
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
239d4a2e-d88d-4663-82a4-c0ba101d213b
The blood supply of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is primarily derived from -
Superior medial genicular artery
Descending genicular artery
Middle genicular artery
Circumflex fibular artery
2c
single
Middle genicular artery and inferior genicular artery supplies anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments.
Anatomy
null
eef181ab-3852-4ff3-8a6c-a8e8a240b16f
Hypoglossal nerve supplies all of these muscle except:-
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
0a
multi
Tongue Ant 2/3rd Post 1/3rd Posterior most pa Taste Chorda tympani CN IX CN X Sensory Lingual of V3 CN IX CN X Motor Both intrinsic & extrinsic muscles supplied by XII CN except palatoglossus which is supplied by the pharyngeal plexus.
ENT
FMGE 2018
8bbf843f-a30e-4fe2-a269-2faed571ad63
Which of the following is the commonest etiological agent of Bronchiolitis ?
HCV
HSV
RSVH
Influenza virus
2c
single
Description: Bronchiolitis refers to inflammation of the bronchioles. It is commonly found in infants and children and is caused by respiratory syncitial virus or adenovirus. Children presents with insidious onset of cough and dyspnea. PFT shows irreversible airflow obstruction.
Pediatrics
null
f33de764-6aec-4e8f-9354-73ab5962424a
Which not true regarding coeliac disease ?
Total and sub-total villous atrophy
Increased chance of lymphoma
Anti-gliadin antibody persists even after gluten free diet
Tdi sacharidases
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., T disacharidasesIn coeliac sprue : Total or subtotal villous atrophy Increased chance of lymphoma q Association with dermatitis herpetiformis Antigliadin antibody Secondary lactase deficiency No mucosal atrophy Lymphocytes in lamina propria
Pathology
null
c0b7d31f-3313-45ca-9701-06e80596db0d
Talking off ones clothes and running naked in a public race is called -
Mooning
Exhibihitionism
Voveyrism
Undinism
1b
multi
Ref: Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (V.V.Pillay) 17th edition, page no.416 Exhibitionism refer to sexual gratification obtained by repeated acts of exposing one&;s genitals one&;s genitals to a stranger or unsuspecting person. Mooning is the display of one&;s bare buttocks by pulling down trousers and und...
Forensic Medicine
Sexual offences and infanticide
0e9645f1-2cc2-4a9a-a408-36fabe74e99a
All except one can cross blood brain barrier
Neostigmine
Atropine
Lignocaine
Physostigmine
0a
multi
Neostigmine being quaternary amine , is highly ionised and does not cross blood brain barrier.
Anaesthesia
null
5046e719-7d12-44a2-9f11-e83de9a5a201
A 67 yr male with history of chronic smoking hemoptysis with cough. Bronchoscopic biopsy from centrally located mass shows undifferentiated tumor histopathologically. Most useful I.H.C. (immunohistochemical) marker to make a proper diagnosis would be
Cytokeratin
Parvalbumin
HMB-45
Hep-par1
0a
multi
• The presence of chronic smoking, cough and hemoptysis in old man is a pointer towards a diagnosis of bronchogenic cancer. The central location suggests the possibility of a squamous cell cancer. • Robbins writes “Histologically, this tumor is characterized by the presence of keratinization and/or intercellular bridge...
Pathology
null
ecef7a98-d23c-4870-9e3b-ea64a7bb31d0
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell anemia is due to DELETE
Salmonella
Streptococcus
Hemophilus
Neisseria
0a
single
Most common cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell anemia is salmonella Refer Maheshwari 6tg/e p 168
Anatomy
null
5330e575-4962-4d45-8b9e-b479572f1c67
'Twenty-nail syndrome' is seen in
Darier's disease
Lupus vulgaris
Lichen planus
Psoriasis
2c
single
Nail involvement occurs in 10% of individuals with disseminated lichen planus, and nail lesions may be the only manifestation and can destroy the nails. One, several, or all 20 nails may be involved ("twenty-nail syndrome," where there is loss of all 20 nails without any other evidence of lichen planus elsewhere on the...
Dental
Papulosquamous disorders
1cbee15a-cd0a-4bf6-8181-4d9f5179ad78
Most common site of lymphangioma is -
Axilla
Head and Neck
Groin
Heart
1b
single
• ANCA or antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies are formed against certain proteins in the cytoplasm of neutrophils. Out of the given options, Wegener’s granulomatosis is most strongly associated with ANCA.
Pathology
null
659e8c02-b3db-4b98-b2c7-0b8d8d6da462
The effect of zinc oxide-eugenol on the pulp:
Is irritating
Encourages pulpal fibrosis
Is sedating
Has no effect
2c
single
Temporary ZOE cements, including eugenol-free cement, are excellent for luting provisional acrylic crowns and fixed partial dentures. Temporary ZOE restorations are expected to last a few weeks at most. They seal the dentinal tubules surprisingly well against the ingress of oral fluids and have a sedative effect on the...
Dental
null
3aacb4e3-3e0f-4024-8742-ca05600165df
A 16-year-old girl has not yet reached menarche. She has normal secondary sex characteristics, and vi¬sual inspection of her external genitalia is unremark¬able. The patient is given progesterone and has with¬drawal bleeding a few days later. This patient most likely has
Primary ovarian disease
Turner syndrome
A destructive hypothalamic disorder
A constitutional delay in puberty
3d
single
The patient most likely has a delayed onset of puberty rather than a destructive lesion in the hypothalamic/pituitary axis, a primary disease involving the ovaries or a problem involving the end-organs (e.g., imperfo­rate hymen). Note that she has normal secondary sex characteristics indicating the presence of estrogen...
Unknown
null
0a66221b-f516-4032-a45d-6ea8c4a90c8f
Which of the following is spread from animals to man -
T. rubrum
T. tonsurans
T. floccosum
T. verrucosum
3d
single
T. verrucosum is a zoophilic species . The dermatophytes on the basis of their natural habitat and host preferences can be classified into following groups: (i) Anthropophilic species: These dermatophytes are typically adapted to live on human host. They are transmitted from human to human through fallen hairs, desquam...
Microbiology
Mycology
053f8e77-4e86-4ce4-a273-b83e6bece175
Drug not used in CMV retinitis:
Acyclovir
Foscarnet
Ganciclovir
Cidofovir
0a
single
Ref: Goodman & Gillman's 13th ed. P 1106-7* Acyclovir's clinical use is limited to herpes viruses. Acyclovir is most active against HSV-1.* Approximately half as active against HSV-2, and a tenth as potent against VZV and EBV.* Book states: "Acyclovir is ineffective therapeutically in established CMV infections, but ga...
Pharmacology
Anti Microbial
947d39ae-322d-4c49-aed2-688ec74b1d06
Hemolysis in G6PD may be caused by all, expect:
Primaquine
Chloroquine
Pyrimethamine
Quinine
2c
multi
Pyrimethamine does not causes hemolysis in G6PD deficiency. Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition, Page 611; Principles and Practice of Hematology By Robe I. Handin, Samuel E. Lux. Thomas P. Stossel, Page 1936
Medicine
null
ffbbf62c-c095-4679-9f9d-f901119f3c6a
Pudendal nerve block involves
Ll, L2, L3
L3, L4,L5
Sl, S2, S3
S2, S3, S4
3d
single
S2, S3, S4
Anaesthesia
null
946cad03-5bbf-4388-91b3-07287e7ce56c
Newborn babies are able to breathe and suck at the same time due to:
Wide short tongue
Short soft palate
High larynx
Short pharynx
2c
single
c. High larynx(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p, Ghai 8/e p 134-136)Differences between the airway of a young infant, child and adult include:Oral cavity is small in a newborn & totally filled by tongue due to slightly retracted lower jawThe soft palate & epiglottis are in contact at rest, providing an additional valve at the back...
Pediatrics
New Born Infants
50dceefa-bdee-40b3-b734-cd6ab70ce4c1
Which of the following is seen on electron microscopy of medullary thyroid carcinoma specimens?
Presence of electron-dense granules in the nucleus
Presence of electron-dense granules in the mitochondria
Presence of electron-dense granules in the endoplasmic reticulum
Presence of electron-dense granules in the cytoplasm
3d
single
Medullary carcinoma on electron microscopy reveals variable numbers of membrane-bound electron-dense granules within cytoplasm of neoplastic cells.
Pathology
Thyroid Tumor
3bb43ea7-ef60-41de-b328-aefbe2b8e907
Lithium levels -+ Normal therapeutic
0.5 to 0.7 mEq/lit
0.7 to 1.1 mEq/lit
0.1 to 0.3 mEq/lit
1.5 to 2mEq/lit
1b
single
B i.e. 0.7 - 1.1 meg/Lit
Psychiatry
null
576613a8-7dd6-475b-902d-688b2594b344
Investigation of choice for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
X-ray
MRI
Plane-CT
CT-contrast
3d
single
Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head with contrast enhancement is now the investigation of choice. It has replaced conventional radiographs. It shows the extent of a tumour, bony destruction or displacements. Anterior bowing of the posterior wall of maxillary sinus often called antral sign or Holman-Miller sign is...
ENT
Pharynx
34f9c939-9d82-4e48-8c9e-6da6930f4b58
Positron emission tomographic (PET) scanning is useful in evaluation of the following except NOT RELATED-RADIOLOGY
Mycotic aoic aneurysm
Solitary pulmonary nodules
Staging lung cancer
Lymph node involvement by malignancy
0a
multi
.
Pharmacology
All India exam
a0e107c2-c095-4937-ab70-6de11186f1d0
The following muscles are attached to the coracoid process of the scapula except -
Coracobrachialis
Short head of biceps
Pectoralis minor
Long head of triceps
3d
multi
Attachments on Coracoid process -        Tip of coracoid process Medial- Corachobrachialis (origin) Lateral- Short head of biceps (origin) Upper surface- Pectoralis minor (insertion)
Anatomy
null
6889e455-c56b-45ec-9bec-91b806f6e31a
When should folic acid supplementation start in order to be effective in preventing neural tube defects?
As soon as pregnancy is diagnosed
Before the beginning of 2nd trimester
At least one month before conception
At least 1 week before conception
2c
single
Ans. C. At least one month before conception* To be effective, folic acid supplementation should be started at least 1 month before conception, and continued through the first 2-3 months of pregnancy.* All women desirous of becoming pregnant should consume 400-800mg folic acid daily; the dose is 4mg/day in those having...
Pediatrics
Miscellaneous
72876b0b-9d20-442a-8c02-924c06267331
Body temperature regulation centre is located at
Pituitary
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Basal ganglia
2c
single
Anterior hypothalamus, responds to heat;Posterior hypothalamus, responds to cold. Ref: Ganongs Review of medical physiology;25 th edition ; pg :309; table 17-1.
Physiology
Nervous system
c8bc45c0-64a3-464a-ae73-5a81cc8574e5
Normal pregnancy can be continued in :
Primary pulmonary hypeension
Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome
Eisenmenger syndrome
Marfan syndfome with dilated aoic root
1b
single
Ans. is b i.e. Wolf Parkinson white syndrome
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
7909d253-f1f9-42dc-8481-6ad520a867f2
Madelung's deformity involves WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ?
Humerus head
Proximal ulna
Distal radius
Carpal bones
2c
single
madelung deformity- abnormality of the palmar ulnar pa of the distal radial epiphysis in which progressive ulnar & volar tilt develops at distal radial aicular surface, resulting in dorsal subluxation of distal ulna *cause - autosomal dominant ,dysplasic, genetic or idiopathic *clinical features- volar subluxation of h...
Orthopaedics
Pediatric orthopedics
3724bb10-56e5-4b67-8e4a-29bfaed6725f
The major purpose of Randomization in clinical trials is to -
Facilitate double blinding
Help ensure that the study subjects are representative of general population
Ensure that the groups are comparable on baseline characteristics
Reduce selection bias in allocation of treatment
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Reduce selection bias in allocation of treatment
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
7c4654fa-7b9d-4776-a979-005979ade0e5
TOC for penicillin resistant gonorrhoea –
Ciprofloxacin
Ceftriaxone
Streptomycin
Erythromycin
1b
single
Ceftriaxone is the DOC for gonococcal infections
Dental
null
0aa8cecc-cd71-4421-874a-4acb4e938ebc
A 30 year old unmarried woman from a low socioeconomic status family believes that a rich boy staying in her neighbourhood is in deep love with her. The boy clearly denies his love towards this lady. Still the lady insists that his denial is a secret affirmation off his love towards her. She makes desperate attempts to...
Delusional disorder
Depression
Mania
Schizophrenia
0a
single
This patient has :- Delusion of love/erotomanic delusion (an erotic conviction that a person with higher status in love with her). Social and occupational activities are unaffected (she is able to maintain her daily routine). Diagnosis is delusional disorder with content of love → De - clerambault's syndrome.
Psychiatry
null
46aa35b2-45a9-4ae0-980f-5394d3a660d6
Which of the following carcinoma most frequently metastasizes to brain
Small cell carcinoma lung
Prostate cancer
Rectal carcinom
Endometrial cancer
0a
multi
METASTATIC TUMOURS Approximately a quaer of intracranial tumors are metastatic tumors. Most common primary tumors metastasizing to the brain are:- carcinomas of the lung, breast, skin (malignant melanoma), kidney and the gastrointestinal tract and choriocarcinoma. Infiltration from lymphoma and leukemias may also occur...
Pathology
Nervous system
0cf9207a-9c41-4134-9926-3666e261a886
ECT is mainly indicated in:
Severe depression
Schizophrenia
Somatization disorder
Hysteria
0a
single
Ans: a (Severe depression)Indications for Use of Electroconvulsive TherapyDiagnoses for which ECT may be indicatedMajor diagnostic indications- Major depression, unipolar and bipolarPsychotic depression, in particular-Mania, including mixed episodes-Schizophrenia with acute exacerbationCatatonic subtype, particularlySc...
Psychiatry
Treatment
7f493cce-32bd-4e31-8c0d-b45b8823d4b1
68-year-old male with hypeension presents for annual examination. On review of systems he repos urinary hesitancy and nocturia. Your examination reveals a nontender but enlarged prostate without nodules. On review of his blood pressure logs and clinic readings he is averaging values of 150/80 mm Hg. Wof medication offe...
Aliskiren
Propranolol
Furosemide
Terazosin
3d
single
a-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS Terazosin, Doxazosin These are long-acting congeners of prazosin with similar propeies but suitable for once daily dosing. advantages include * Does not impair carbohydrate metabolism; suitable for diabetics, but not if neuropathy is present, because postural hypotension is accentuated. * Has a sm...
Pharmacology
Cardiovascular system
3e825b15-b79b-4130-ba5f-d4ab6f60f383
The vertebral artery traverses all of the following except -
Foramen magnum
Subarachnoid space
Intervertebral foramen
Foramen transversarium
2c
multi
Vertebral artery traverses through vertebral triangle, foramina transversaria of upper 6 cervical vertebrae, suboccipital triangle, posterior atlantooccipital membrane, vertebral canal, pierce duramater and arachnoid (subarachnoid) and passes through foramen magnum to enter posterior cranial fossa (skull).
Anatomy
null
c572e395-2d55-4042-b4e2-fd4697d5d589
V/Q ratio at the base of lung-
1
3
0.6
1.8
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 0.6 o Overall V/Q ratio of lung-0.8o V/Q ratio at apex-3.0 (maximum)o V/Q ratio at base-0.6 (Least)
Physiology
Mechanics of Respiration
9ea46a69-a1ee-44d3-9450-1b4d6da6de49
A patient was found to have pink coloured skin and mucosa, bitter almond smell from breath and frothy discharge. Cause of death in this patient;
Cyanide poisoning
CO poisoning
H2S poisoning
Datura poisoning
0a
single
The above findings are suggestive of Cyanide poisoning Cyanide poisoning - Ideal suicidal poison (most rapid when inhaled) Cyanide is a rapidly acting, potentially deadly chemical that can exist in various forms. Cyanide can be a colourless gas, such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) or cyanogen chloride (CNCl), or a crystal f...
Forensic Medicine
FMGE 2019
91d98e52-345a-496f-adca-ba24350457d3
Aseptate hyphae are seen in
Phycomycetes
Ascomycetes
Basidiomycetes
Deuteromycetes
0a
single
They are lower fungi that have non-septate hyphae Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Anathanarayan and paniker&;s; 9th edition
Microbiology
mycology
fb4bbf87-ae3c-4628-b302-2cd07d05b57d
Patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma can present with the following except ?
Homer's syndrome
Epistaxis and proptosis
Trismus
Sensineuronal hearing loss
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Sensineuronal hearing loss
ENT
null
131cc1da-c6e1-4641-bd19-334ba8ef5f43
Acid fast staining can be positive with?
Tubercle bacilli
Nocardia
Lipofuschin
All
3d
multi
Ans. d (All).(Ref. Microbiology by Ananthnarayan, 7th/357; Harsh Mohan, Pathology, 4th ed., 32)ACID FAST STAINING IS POSITIVE with {Mnemonic = MMC BLINC) :- Mycobacterium tuberculosis, - Mycobacterium leprae, - Cyclospora, - Bacterial spores, - Lipofuschin pigment,- Isospora, - Nocardia, - Cryptosporidium.Educational p...
Microbiology
Bacteria
793bef1c-96fb-47f4-856b-1c07a23eef73
A 60-year-old farmer presents with multiple patches of discoloration on his face. Biopsy of lesional skin reveals actinic keratosis. Which of the following terms best describes this response of the skin to chronic sunlight exposure?
Atrophy
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy
1b
single
Dysplasia. Actinic keratosis is a form of dysplasia in sun-exposed skin. Histologically, such lesions are composed of atypical squamous cells, which vary in size and shape. They show no signs of regular maturation as the cells move from the basal layer of the epidermis to the surface. Dysplasia is a preneoplastic lesio...
Pathology
Cellular Pathology