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pair_26600609 | To assess whether new pharmaceutical products approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2011 and 2012 were registered, commercialized and sold at affordable prices in the Latin American countries where they were tested. We obtained a list of new molecular entities (new pharmaceutical products)... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Evaluar si los nuevos productos farmacéuticos aprobados por la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA) de los Estados Unidos en 2011 y 2012 fueron registrados, comercializados y vendidos a precios asequibles en los países de América Latina en los que se probaron. Se obtuvo una lista de las nuevas entidades mol... | es |
pair_26600609 | To assess whether new pharmaceutical products approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2011 and 2012 were registered, commercialized and sold at affordable prices in the Latin American countries where they were tested. We obtained a list of new molecular entities (new pharmaceutical products)... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Оценка того, были ли зарегистрированы, выпущены в продажу и доступны по приемлемым ценам новые виды фармацевтической продукции, одобренные Управлением США по контролю качества пищевых продуктов и лекарственных средств (FDA) в 2011 и 2012 гг., в тех странах Латинской Америки, в которых проводились их испытания. Мы получ... | ru |
pair_26600610 | To evaluate the potential effects of betel quid chewing on mortality. (A quid consists of betel nut, wrapped in betel leaves; tobacco is added to the quid by some users). Prospective data were available on 20 033 individuals aged 18-75 years, living in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Demographic and exposure data were collected... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 旨在评估嚼食槟榔对死亡率的潜在影响。 （槟榔嚼块由槟榔子组成，包裹在槟榔叶中，某些食用者会在槟榔嚼块中添加烟叶。）. 分析居住在孟加拉国 Araihazar 18 岁到 75 岁的 20 033 个人的前瞻性数据。 使用标准化的调查问卷收集基线人口和接触数据。 通过向近亲进行死因推断问卷调查来确定死亡原因。 我们使用考克斯比例风险模型，评估食用槟榔与各种原因和特殊原因导致死亡率之间的危害比 (HR)，并且置信区间 (CI) 为 95%。 我们根据年龄、性别、身体质量指数、受教育程度和吸烟史调整群组。. 在平均十年的随访病例中，有 1072 例死亡。 食用过槟榔嚼块的参与者明显更有可能死于各种原因 (HR: 1.26; 95% CI:... | zh-cn |
pair_26600610 | To evaluate the potential effects of betel quid chewing on mortality. (A quid consists of betel nut, wrapped in betel leaves; tobacco is added to the quid by some users). Prospective data were available on 20 033 individuals aged 18-75 years, living in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Demographic and exposure data were collected... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Évaluer les effets potentiels de la consommation de chiques de bétel sur la mortalité. (Une chique se compose d'une noix de bétel enveloppée dans des feuilles de bétel; certains consommateurs lui ajoutent du tabac.). Des données prospectives étaient disponibles au sujet de 20 033 personnes âgées de 18 à 75 ans et vivan... | fr |
pair_26600610 | To evaluate the potential effects of betel quid chewing on mortality. (A quid consists of betel nut, wrapped in betel leaves; tobacco is added to the quid by some users). Prospective data were available on 20 033 individuals aged 18-75 years, living in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Demographic and exposure data were collected... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Evaluar los posibles efectos de mascar mascada de betel en la mortalidad. (Una mascada consiste de una nuez de betel envuelta en hojas de betel; algunos usuarios le añaden tabaco). Se disponía de datos prospectivos de 20.033 individuos de entre 18 y 75 años que habitaban en Araihazar, Bangladesh. Se recogieron datos de... | es |
pair_26600610 | To evaluate the potential effects of betel quid chewing on mortality. (A quid consists of betel nut, wrapped in betel leaves; tobacco is added to the quid by some users). Prospective data were available on 20 033 individuals aged 18-75 years, living in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Demographic and exposure data were collected... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Оценить потенциальное воздействие жевания бетеля на смертность. Бетелевая жвачка состоит из ядра семени пальмы арека, завернутого в листья бетеля. Также к нему может добавляться табак. Были изучены проспективные данные 20 033 лиц в возрасте от 18 до 75 лет, проживающих в г. Араихазар, Бангладеш. Базовые демографические... | ru |
pair_26600611 | To evaluate the quality of economic data provided in applications to the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines and to evaluate the role of these data in decision-making by the expert committee that considers the applications. We analysed applications submitted to the WHO Expert Committee on ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的 评估向世界卫生组织 (WHO) 申请的基本药物标准清单中所提供的经济数据的特性。同时也评估专家委员会审议申请时，这些数据在他们制定决策中所起的作用。方法 我们分析了在 2002 年至 2013 年间提交给 WHO 专家委员会的关于选择和使用基本药物的申请。药物价格和成本效益的数据完整性从申请文件中提取，并且用四点量表编码。 我们记录了专家委员会是否讨论了经济信息以及每份申请的结果。 我们用 <i>χ<sup>2</sup></i> 检验对经济数据的完整性和申请结果之间的关联性进行了评估。结果 专家委员会共收到 134 份申请。 只有8 份申请 (6%) 包含完整的价格数据和经济评估数据。 许多申请都遗漏或曲解了申请表的经济评估... | zh-cn |
pair_26600611 | To evaluate the quality of economic data provided in applications to the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines and to evaluate the role of these data in decision-making by the expert committee that considers the applications. We analysed applications submitted to the WHO Expert Committee on ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Évaluer la qualité des données économiques fournies dans les candidatures à la Liste Modèle des Médicaments Essentiels de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) et évaluer le rôle de ces données dans la prise de décision du comité d'experts chargé d'examiner les candidatures. Nous avons analysé les candidatures soum... | fr |
pair_26600611 | To evaluate the quality of economic data provided in applications to the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines and to evaluate the role of these data in decision-making by the expert committee that considers the applications. We analysed applications submitted to the WHO Expert Committee on ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Evaluar la calidad de los datos económicos proporcionados en las solicitudes para la Lista Modelo de Medicamentos Esenciales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y valorar el papel que desempeña dicha información en el proceso de toma de decisiones del Comité de Expertos que tiene en cuenta las solicitudes. Se ... | es |
pair_26600611 | To evaluate the quality of economic data provided in applications to the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines and to evaluate the role of these data in decision-making by the expert committee that considers the applications. We analysed applications submitted to the WHO Expert Committee on ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Оценить качество экономических данных, предоставленных в заявках на примерный список основных лекарств, составленный Всемирной организацией здравоохранения (ВОЗ), и оценить роль этих данных при принятии комитетом экспертов решений по этим заявкам. Мы проанализировали заявки, подаваемые в комитет экспертов ВОЗ по отбору... | ru |
pair_26600612 | To assess the design, delivery and outcomes of interventions to improve adherence to treatment for paediatric tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries and develop a contextual framework for such interventions. We searched PubMed and Cochrane databases for reports published between 1 January 2003 and 1 December ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 针对在中低收入国家提高儿科结核病的治疗依从性，评估干预措施的设计、完成和效果，并为该种干预措施制定一个关联性框架。. 我们在 PubMed 和 Cochrane 数据库中搜索了于 2003 年 1 月 1 日至 2013 年 12 月 1 日之间发表的报告，这些报告与提高结核病治疗依从性的干预措施有关，其中包括居住在中低收入国家且年龄不满 20 岁的患者。 相关文章可能缺少关于儿科的结果，为此，我们联系了研究的作者。 我们对异质性和偏倚风险进行了评估。 为了评估治疗成功率——即，完治率与治愈率相结合——我们采用随机效应开展了元分析。 我们确认了有必要对干预实践作出改善的领域。. 我们将 11 个国家的 15 项研究纳入定向分析，其中... | zh-cn |
pair_26600612 | To assess the design, delivery and outcomes of interventions to improve adherence to treatment for paediatric tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries and develop a contextual framework for such interventions. We searched PubMed and Cochrane databases for reports published between 1 January 2003 and 1 December ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Évaluer la conception, la mise en œuvre et les résultats des interventions visant à améliorer l'observance thérapeutique dans le traitement de la tuberculose chez l'enfant dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire et élaborer un cadre contextuel pour ce type d'interventions. Nous avons fait des recherches dans les... | fr |
pair_26600612 | To assess the design, delivery and outcomes of interventions to improve adherence to treatment for paediatric tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries and develop a contextual framework for such interventions. We searched PubMed and Cochrane databases for reports published between 1 January 2003 and 1 December ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Evaluar el diseño, la prestación y los resultados de las intervenciones para mejorar el cumplimiento del tratamiento de la tuberculosis pediátrica en países de ingresos bajos y medios y desarrollar un marco contextual para tales intervenciones. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed y Cochrane para encont... | es |
pair_26600612 | To assess the design, delivery and outcomes of interventions to improve adherence to treatment for paediatric tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries and develop a contextual framework for such interventions. We searched PubMed and Cochrane databases for reports published between 1 January 2003 and 1 December ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Оценить структуру, реализацию и результаты медицинских вмешательств, способствующих соблюдению режима лечения детского туберкулеза в странах с низким и средним уровнем доходов населения, и разработать контекстуальную схему таких вмешательств. Был проведен поиск отчетов по медицинским вмешательствам, способствующим собл... | ru |
pair_26600613 | Podoconiosis is an inflammatory disease caused by prolonged contact with irritant minerals in soil. Major symptoms include swelling of the lower limb (lymphoedema) and acute pain. The disease has major social and economic consequences through stigma and loss of productivity. In the last five years there has been good p... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 象皮病是一种由于长时间接触土壤中的刺激性矿物质而引发的炎症性疾病。 主要症状包括下肢肿胀（淋巴水肿）和剧烈疼痛。 由于患者受到歧视和降低生产力，该疾病造成重大的社会和经济影响。 过去 5 年中，象皮病研究和控制已取得很大进展。 消除贫困家庭和发展基础设施，例如道路、供水和城市化，都可以帮助降低象皮病的发病率。 具体的控制方法包括穿鞋穿袜、注意常规的脚部卫生和添加地板覆盖物。 二级和三级预防基于对淋巴水肿相关疾病发病率的管理，包括脚部卫生、脚部护理、伤口护理、加压疗法、运动、抬腿和急性感染治疗。 某些象皮病盛行的国家主动将象皮病纳入他们的国家规划，以控制这种被忽视的热带疾病，增强对疾病的干预措施。 作为一项卫生干预措施，还需要提倡鞋类... | zh-cn |
pair_26600613 | Podoconiosis is an inflammatory disease caused by prolonged contact with irritant minerals in soil. Major symptoms include swelling of the lower limb (lymphoedema) and acute pain. The disease has major social and economic consequences through stigma and loss of productivity. In the last five years there has been good p... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | La podoconiose est une maladie inflammatoire provoquée par un contact prolongé avec des minéraux irritants présents dans le sol. Les principaux symptômes incluent un gonflement des membres inférieurs (lymphœdème) et une douleur aiguë. Cette maladie a d'importantes conséquences sociales et économiques, car elle entraîne... | fr |
pair_26600613 | Podoconiosis is an inflammatory disease caused by prolonged contact with irritant minerals in soil. Major symptoms include swelling of the lower limb (lymphoedema) and acute pain. The disease has major social and economic consequences through stigma and loss of productivity. In the last five years there has been good p... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | La podoconiosis es una enfermedad inflamatoria causada por un contacto prolongado con sustancias minerales irritantes del suelo. Los síntomas principales incluyen la hinchazón de las extremidades inferiores (linfedema) y un dolor agudo. Dicha enfermedad comporta graves consecuencias tanto en el entorno social como econ... | es |
pair_26600613 | Podoconiosis is an inflammatory disease caused by prolonged contact with irritant minerals in soil. Major symptoms include swelling of the lower limb (lymphoedema) and acute pain. The disease has major social and economic consequences through stigma and loss of productivity. In the last five years there has been good p... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Подокониоз — это воспалительное заболевание, вызванное длительным контактом с раздражающими минеральными частицами в почве. Основные симптомы включают отек нижних конечностей (лимфостаз) и острую боль. Заболевание имеет серьезные социальные и экономические последствия из-за стигматизации больных и потери ими трудоспосо... | ru |
pair_26600614 | Many countries struggle to develop and implement strategies to monitor hospitals nationally. The challenge is particularly acute in low-income countries where resources for measurement and reporting are scarce. We examined the experience of developing and implementing a national system for monitoring the performance of... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 许多国家正在尽力制定和实施监测全国医院的战略。 这一挑战在测量和报告资源稀缺的低收入国家尤为严峻。 我们研究了埃塞俄比亚建立和实施监测 130 个政府医院绩效的国家体系的经验。 通过参与观察，我们发现，监测体系不仅能够提高医院向地区卫生局和联邦政府报告的绩效数据的一致性和医院绩效的透明度，而且能够促进多个质量改进项目的开发。 监测体系需要技术和政治上的投资与支持，该体系的建立和实施离不开强大的医院管理能力。 因此，全面评估卫生部门和重点改进医院质量的期望在设计和实施的早期阶段有所帮助。 这项评估可能包括采访关键的知情人、收集与卫生设施和人力资源相关的数据，以及与学术合作伙伴展开讨论。 协调合作伙伴、捐赠者和政府对于质量改进的愿景能够... | zh-cn |
pair_26600614 | Many countries struggle to develop and implement strategies to monitor hospitals nationally. The challenge is particularly acute in low-income countries where resources for measurement and reporting are scarce. We examined the experience of developing and implementing a national system for monitoring the performance of... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | De nombreux pays s'efforcent d'élaborer et de mettre en œuvre des stratégies pour contrôler les hôpitaux à l'échelle nationale. C'est un défi de taille, en particulier pour les pays à faible revenu, qui disposent de peu de ressources pour effectuer des mesures et des comptes-rendus. Nous avons analysé l'expérience qui ... | fr |
pair_26600614 | Many countries struggle to develop and implement strategies to monitor hospitals nationally. The challenge is particularly acute in low-income countries where resources for measurement and reporting are scarce. We examined the experience of developing and implementing a national system for monitoring the performance of... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Muchos países tienen dificultades para desarrollar e implementar estrategias a nivel nacional para monitorizar los hospitales. El reto es especialmente complicado en países de ingresos bajos donde los recursos para la medición y la notificación son escasos. Se examinó la experiencia a la hora de desarrollar e implement... | es |
pair_26600614 | Many countries struggle to develop and implement strategies to monitor hospitals nationally. The challenge is particularly acute in low-income countries where resources for measurement and reporting are scarce. We examined the experience of developing and implementing a national system for monitoring the performance of... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Ряд стран предпринимают значительные усилия для разработки и внедрения стратегии мониторинга работы больниц в национальном масштабе. Проблема стоит особенно остро в странах с низким уровнем дохода, где недостаточно ресурсов для проведения замеров и составления отчетности. Мы исследовали опыт разработки и внедрения наци... | ru |
pair_26600615 | Before 2003 there was substantial underreporting of deaths in Jordan. The death notification form did not comply with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and information on the cause of death was often missing, incomplete or inaccurate. A new mortality surveillance system to determine the causes of death was imp... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 在 2003 年之前，约旦漏报了大量死亡人数。 死亡通知表单不符合世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的标准，死亡原因信息经常缺失、不完整或不准确。. 一个能判定死亡原因的新型死亡率监测系统在 2003 年得以应用，卫生部还成立了一个给死亡原因编码的单位。. 约旦是一个有着 640 万人口的中等收入国家。 在 2005 年至 2011 年间，每年登记死亡人数大约有 2 万人。. 在 2001 年，卫生部组织了关于约旦死亡率监测系统的第一次会议，会议提出了五点计划来提升死亡统计质量。 根据会议提出的建议， 2003 年卫生部与国际伙伴合作发起了提升死亡率统计质量的项目。 约旦不断改进他们的死亡率报告系统，自 2004 年起每年提交一份报告。报告... | zh-cn |
pair_26600615 | Before 2003 there was substantial underreporting of deaths in Jordan. The death notification form did not comply with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and information on the cause of death was often missing, incomplete or inaccurate. A new mortality surveillance system to determine the causes of death was imp... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Avant 2003, le nombre de décès était considérablement sous-déclaré en Jordanie. Le formulaire de déclaration de décès n'était pas conforme aux directives de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) et les informations relatives aux causes des décès étaient généralement manquantes, incomplètes ou imprécises. Un nouveau... | fr |
pair_26600615 | Before 2003 there was substantial underreporting of deaths in Jordan. The death notification form did not comply with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and information on the cause of death was often missing, incomplete or inaccurate. A new mortality surveillance system to determine the causes of death was imp... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Antes de 2003, existía una infradeclaración sustancial de las muertes en Jordania. El formulario de notificación de defunciones no cumplía con las directrices de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), ya que en repetidas ocasiones la información referente a la causa del fallecimiento no se proveía, o bien estaba in... | es |
pair_26600615 | Before 2003 there was substantial underreporting of deaths in Jordan. The death notification form did not comply with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and information on the cause of death was often missing, incomplete or inaccurate. A new mortality surveillance system to determine the causes of death was imp... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | До 2003 года в Иордании имели место значительные проблемы с отчетностью о смертности. Форма извещения о смерти не соответствовала нормам Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ), и часто информация о причине смерти отсутствовала, была неполной или неточной. В 2003 году была внедрена новая система контроля смертности... | ru |
pair_26600616 | In 2008, the prevalence of paediatric asthma in Zambia was unknown and the national treatment guideline was outdated. We created an international partnership between Zambian clinicians, the Zambian Government and a pharmaceutical company to address shortcomings in asthma treatment. We did two studies, one to estimate p... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 在 2008 年，儿童哮喘在赞比亚的盛行原因不明，当时全国的治疗指南不合时宜。. 我们与赞比亚的临床医生、赞比亚政府和一家制药公司建立了合作关系，共同找出哮喘治疗中的不足之处。 我们进行了两项研究，一项是估量首都卢萨卡的患病率，另一项是评估患者的态度和做法。 我们以获得的信息为基础，对医务工作者和公众进行教育。 在儿童哮喘管理方面，还采用了研究所得的信息，以适应政府政策的现代化需求。. 赞比亚的医疗系统主要力量集中在急性医疗服务，重点在传染性疾病。 对非传染性疾病的综合服务较缺乏。 哮喘管理依赖于急性发作治疗，而不是疾病控制治疗。. 被调查的儿童中，有 7% (255/3911) 的人患有哮喘。 在采访的 120 名患者中，大多数 ... | zh-cn |
pair_26600616 | In 2008, the prevalence of paediatric asthma in Zambia was unknown and the national treatment guideline was outdated. We created an international partnership between Zambian clinicians, the Zambian Government and a pharmaceutical company to address shortcomings in asthma treatment. We did two studies, one to estimate p... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | En 2008, la prévalence de l'asthme chez les enfants en Zambie était inconnue et les recommandations nationales en matière de traitement étaient obsolètes. Nous avons mis en place un partenariat international entre des médecins zambiens, le gouvernement du pays et une société pharmaceutique afin de remédier aux manques ... | fr |
pair_26600616 | In 2008, the prevalence of paediatric asthma in Zambia was unknown and the national treatment guideline was outdated. We created an international partnership between Zambian clinicians, the Zambian Government and a pharmaceutical company to address shortcomings in asthma treatment. We did two studies, one to estimate p... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | En 2008, se desconocía la prevalencia del asma infantil en Zambia y las directrices nacionales sobre el tratamiento estaban obsoletas. Con el objetivo de poner remedio a las deficiencias en el tratamiento del asma, se creó una alianza internacional entre los médicos zambianos, el Gobierno de Zambia y una compañía farma... | es |
pair_26600616 | In 2008, the prevalence of paediatric asthma in Zambia was unknown and the national treatment guideline was outdated. We created an international partnership between Zambian clinicians, the Zambian Government and a pharmaceutical company to address shortcomings in asthma treatment. We did two studies, one to estimate p... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | По состоянию на 2008 год данные по распространенности заболеваний астмой у детей в Замбии отсутствовали. Национальные рекомендации по ее лечению устарели. Мы сформировали международную группу, в которую привлекли замбийских врачей, правительство Замбии и одну фармацевтическую компанию, для устранения недостатков, связа... | ru |
pair_25767299 | Chile, a middle-income country, recently joined Israel and Singapore as the world's only countries to require reciprocity as a precondition for organ transplantation. The Chilean reform includes opt-out provisions designed to foster donation and priority for organ transplantation for registered people. Although the ref... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 智利这个中等收入国家最近与以色列和新加坡走到了一起，成为世界上仅有的几个要求以互惠原则作为器官移植先决条件的国家。智利的改革包括旨在促进为登记人士提供器官移植的捐献和优先级的选择退出条款。虽然实现改革的使命困难重重，但其他寻求解决器官严重短缺问题的国家可以从中得到借鉴评估。因为器官捐赠增加可以大大提高更多人的生命质量，拯救更多的生命，因此不应低估由于偏好规则带来的激励对器官来源的影响。. | zh-cn |
pair_25767299 | Chile, a middle-income country, recently joined Israel and Singapore as the world's only countries to require reciprocity as a precondition for organ transplantation. The Chilean reform includes opt-out provisions designed to foster donation and priority for organ transplantation for registered people. Although the ref... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Le Chili, pays à revenu intermédiaire, a récemment rejoint Israël et Singapour dans le groupe des pays du monde à exiger la réciprocité comme condition préalable à la transplantation d'organes. La réforme chilienne contient des dispositions de retrait conçues pour favoriser les dons et donner la priorité des dons d'org... | fr |
pair_25767299 | Chile, a middle-income country, recently joined Israel and Singapore as the world's only countries to require reciprocity as a precondition for organ transplantation. The Chilean reform includes opt-out provisions designed to foster donation and priority for organ transplantation for registered people. Although the ref... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Chile, un país de ingresos medios, se ha sumado recientemente a Israel y Singapur como los únicos países del mundo que exigen reciprocidad como condición previa para el trasplante de órganos. La reforma de Chile incluye disposiciones de exclusión voluntaria diseñadas para fomentar la donación y la prioridad del traspla... | es |
pair_25767299 | Chile, a middle-income country, recently joined Israel and Singapore as the world's only countries to require reciprocity as a precondition for organ transplantation. The Chilean reform includes opt-out provisions designed to foster donation and priority for organ transplantation for registered people. Although the ref... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Чили, страна со средним уровнем доходов, недавно присоединились к Израилю и Сингапуру, которые являются единственными странами мира, требующими взаимности в качестве предварительного условия для трансплантации органов. Чилийская реформа предусматривает принятие положений об отказе, которые призваны способствовать донор... | ru |
pair_25767300 | Over the last decade, a massive increase in data collection and analysis has occurred in many fields. In the health sector, however, there has been relatively little progress in data analysis and application despite a rapid rise in data production. Given adequate governance, improvements in the quality, quantity, stora... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 过去十年，许多领域的数据收集和分析已大量增加。然而，在卫生部门，尽管数据生产快速增长，数据分析和应用的发展却相对较缓。适当管理健康数据、改善其质量、数量、存储和分析可能有助于明显改善许多健康状况。特别在中低收入国家，建立信息反馈机制可以将医疗交付转变为基于成果的实践，提高稀缺资源的有效利用。我们回顾了不断演进的大数据定义，以及使用这些数据来改进中低收入国家的医疗保健可能的优点和问题。随着基于手机服务的改善，大数据收集可能意味着可以跳过其他地方所需的发展阶段。然而，落后的基础设施可能妨碍病人数据的互操作性和安全使用。应发展并实施适当的治理框架，以便为保护个人提供保护，并确保提供完全符合目标社区特征和价值观的医疗保健。. | zh-cn |
pair_25767300 | Over the last decade, a massive increase in data collection and analysis has occurred in many fields. In the health sector, however, there has been relatively little progress in data analysis and application despite a rapid rise in data production. Given adequate governance, improvements in the quality, quantity, stora... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Au cours de la dernière décennie, une augmentation massive de la collecte et de l'analyse des données s'est produite dans de nombreux domaines. Dans le secteur de la santé, cependant, il y a eu relativement peu de progrès en matière d'analyse et d’application des données malgré une hausse rapide de la production des do... | fr |
pair_25767300 | Over the last decade, a massive increase in data collection and analysis has occurred in many fields. In the health sector, however, there has been relatively little progress in data analysis and application despite a rapid rise in data production. Given adequate governance, improvements in the quality, quantity, stora... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | En la última década, la recolección y análisis de datos ha aumentado enormemente en muchos campos. Sin embargo, en el sector de la sanidad ha habido relativamente pocos avances en el análisis y la aplicación de datos, a pesar de un aumento rápido en la generación de datos. Con una gestión adecuada, las mejoras en la ca... | es |
pair_25767300 | Over the last decade, a massive increase in data collection and analysis has occurred in many fields. In the health sector, however, there has been relatively little progress in data analysis and application despite a rapid rise in data production. Given adequate governance, improvements in the quality, quantity, stora... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | В последнее десятилетие во многих областях отмечался резкий рост сбора данных и их анализа. Однако в секторе здравоохранения наблюдался относительно небольшой прогресс в анализе и применении данных, несмотря на быстрое увеличение объема генерируемых данных. При наличии соответствующего управления, улучшение качества, к... | ru |
pair_28651387 | After WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control coming into force for 11 years, the tobacco control has made progress in the world and China. Development and implementation of tobacco control policy are fundamental for tobacco control. This paper introduces the effects of different tobacco control policies in differe... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | WHO《烟草控制框架公约》生效11年后，在全球和中国都取得了进展，控烟政策的制定和实施是控烟取得进步的保障。本文介绍不同控烟政策在不同国家的效果以及中国公共场所禁烟的进展和面临的挑战。在中国只有全面无烟才能实现全民健康。. | zh-cn |
pair_28651410 | To use a visualized method, tipping-point analysis to address missing data in clinical study and discuss related problems. All the possible outcomes caused by missing data were listed and the tipping points where <i>P</i>-values of hypothesis test changed at 0.05 significant level were found out, then the ratio of <i>P... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 为应用可视化的临界点分析法处理临床研究缺失数据并探讨相关问题。枚举因缺失值导致的'所有'可能结局，并找出组间比较<i>P</i>值发生变化（<i>P</i>=0.05为差异有统计学意义）的临界点，进一步计算<i>P</i><0.05的组合所占比例，判定研究结论的可靠性。临界点分析法可用于连续型或二分类结局的临床研究数据，并找到对应的临界点。在连续型结局实例中<i>P</i><0.05区域的比例为93.6<i>%</i>，否定零假设即试验成功的可靠性较高；二分类结局实例<i>P</i><0.05区域的比例为29.7<i>%</i>，否定零假设即试验成功的可靠性较低。临界点分析法可用于含缺失数据的临床研究，为结果判定提供可视化的判定依据... | zh-cn |
pair_28651411 | With the rapid development of genome sequencing technology and bioinformatics in recent years, it has become possible to measure thousands of omics data which might be associated with the progress of diseases, i.e.'high-dimensional data' . This type of omics data have a common feature that the number of variable <i>p</... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 随着基因组测序技术和生物信息学的迅猛发展，近几年涌现了大量与疾病相关的组学数据即所谓高维数据。对于这类组学数据，共同特点是自变量个数<i>p</i>通常远大于观察例数<i>n</i>，且自变量间往往高度相关，从成千上万个组学数据中识别出真正有意义的自变量带来一些统计学挑战。本文对高维数据中的贝叶斯变量选择方法做论述。. | zh-cn |
pair_28651412 | We described the time trend of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from 1999 to 2013 in Tianjin incidence rate with Cochran-Armitage trend (CAT) test and linear regression analysis, and the results were compared. Based on actual population, CAT test had much stronger statistical power than linear regression analysis for ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 采用Cochran-Armitage趋势（CAT）检验和线性回归（LR）两种统计学方法，分析天津市居民1999－2013年急性心肌梗死（AMI）发病率的时间趋势，比较两种方法结果的差别。结果显示，以实际人口为基础，无论是总的发病率时间趋势，还是按年龄分亚组后的时间趋势，CAT检验的统计效能均大于LR（CAT <i>P</i>值<LR <i>P</i>值）。将实际人口缩小100倍，AMI发病率保持不变，CAT检验的<i>P</i>值呈明显升高，LR的<i>P</i>值保持不变。两种统计学方法在流行病学率的趋势分析中都有其各自的优势和缺点，研究者可以根据资料选择拟合度较好的模型，或者两种方法结合来分析，全面地描述统计结果。. | zh-cn |
pair_28651413 | Occult hepatitis B virus infection is a worldwide public health problem, which seriously affects the clinical diagnosis of hepatitis B and threatens the safety of blood transfusion. The concept of occult hepatitis B virus infection, the pathogenesis of occult hepatitis B virus infection, the prevalence of occult hepati... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 隐匿性HBV感染（OBI）已成为世界性公共卫生问题之一，严重影响乙型肝炎的临床诊断并威胁到输血安全。本文分析近年来关于OBI的概念、致病机制、在健康人群和不同患者中的流行率以及传播可能性方面的研究数据，结果显示OBI在健康人群及不同患者中均存在一定的流行率，并可能通过输血等途径传播，应引起重视。. | zh-cn |
pair_28655074 | For further maximizing the minimally invasive benefits for colorectal cancer patients, laparoscopic surgeons have been dedicating to improve the surgery through single-port (SILES) or natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), which is supported by amount of single-port devices and flexible laparoscopic i... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 为了让结直肠癌患者得到更大的微创获益，外科医师一直在尝试单孔腹腔镜和经自然腔道内镜等手术方式，大量单孔手术操作平台和单孔可弯曲器械的问世也让该项技术的临床应用成为可能。虽然现在已经有许多单中心小样本的研究结果证明单孔腹腔镜在结直肠癌治疗方面可以获得与传统腹腔镜相似的短期肿瘤学效果，并且有望得到更小的创伤和更好的美容效果，但到目前为止仅有4项相关的前瞻性临床研究很难让其优势获得强有力的循证医学证据支持。究其原因主要是经自然腔道内镜和纯单孔腹腔镜手术操作难度大、学习曲线时间长，很多外科医师难以坚持或望而却步。因此，现今多数腹腔镜外科医师在追求腹腔镜微创技术极致的同时，也在逐渐关注技术的可学习性及易推广性。在纯单孔手术的基础上增加一个操作... | zh-cn |
pair_28655075 | Surgical resection of the metastases offers the only opportunity for long-term survival in colorectal liver metastases. However, only 10% to 20% of patients present with resectable disease, and so how to increase surgical patients has been a clinical hotspot. In addition to expanding surgical indications, two-stage hep... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 手术切除为结直肠癌肝转移患者长期生存提供了唯一的机会。然而，只有10%～20%的肿瘤在患者初次就诊时可切除，如何增加结直肠癌肝转移患者的手术切除机会一直是临床研究热点。除扩大肝转移灶手术适应证外，还可选择二步肝切除术、转化治疗等策略。在行转化治疗时，一线治疗方案的选择尤为重要。在应用抗表皮生长因子受体单抗时，除检测Ras基因外，还应进一步精确选择合适的患者。随着微创技术的普及，已有研究结果证实应用微创技术进行肝切除或肠肝同步切除是安全可行的。对于转移灶不可切除的同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者是否切除无症状的原发灶，尚缺乏明确的前瞻性研究证据。总而言之，结直肠癌肝转移患者诊治过程中，多学科团队对患者进行评估至关重要。. | zh-cn |
pair_28655076 | Neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) combined with total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery is the main treatment for locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer, and NACRT significantly improves the local control rate of rectal cancer. According to the current guidelines, patients who receive clinical complete response... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 根据目前的指南，新辅助放化疗后获得临床完全缓解的局部进展期中低位直肠癌患者，推荐的治疗方法仍是全直肠系膜切除术。少数研究结果显示，对新辅助放化疗后达到临床完全缓解的患者采用'观察等待'策略，从肿瘤学角度而言具有安全性，而且可以为患者保留更好的肛门直肠功能和生活质量。当然，如果采用'观察等待'策略，患者必须接受严密的观察和随访。由于尚无足够证据证明'观察等待'策略的肿瘤学效果，因此不能在临床实践中对其进行广泛推广，未来还需要进一步的前瞻性研究来评估患者的风险与获益。. | zh-cn |
pair_28655077 | Radiation proctopathy represents the feared injury of rectum resulting from radiotherapy to pelvic malignancy. Interstitial fibrosis is the major histopathologic feature of chronic radiation proctopathy, whose symptoms may improve over time without any management. Treatment decisions should be based on the pattern and ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 放射性直肠病指因盆腔恶性肿瘤接受放疗而发生的直肠损伤。慢性放射性直肠病以组织纤维化为特征，整体病程表现出一定的自限性。治疗决策应综合临床症状与内镜表现，尽可能通过非手术治疗缓解主要症状，避免严重并发症的发生。转流性肠造口术及直肠低位前切除术是主要的外科治疗手段，合理应用有助于病程的良性转归。改善患者的长期生活质量是慢性放射性直肠病治疗的最终目标。. | zh-cn |
pair_28655078 | In 2017, following many thorough discussions, considering Chinese actual situation, more than 20 distinguished pancreatic surgeons brought about an update of the previous 2010 Chinese experts' consensus on the prevention and treatment of common complications after pancreatic surgery. Referred to the latest update of th... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 2017年，国内20余名胰腺外科专家经过多次讨论，结合我国实际情况对2010版《胰腺术后外科常见并发症的预防及治疗的专家共识》进行了更新和发布，其中胰瘘章节参考了国际胰瘘研究小组2016版的术后胰瘘定义和分级系统，根据是否混有其他消化液，将胰瘘分为单纯瘘和混合瘘，并提出了胰瘘的预防要点和手术治疗策略。本文主要对2017版共识更新的必要性、更新的要点与存在的争议进行解读。. | zh-cn |
pair_28670014 | To evaluate the impact of a performance-based financing scheme on maternal and neonatal health service quality in Malawi. We conducted a non-randomized controlled before and after study to evaluate the effects of district- and facility-level performance incentives for health workers and management teams. We assessed ch... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 旨在评估基于绩效的资助计划对马拉维孕产妇及新生儿卫生服务质量的影响。. 我们采用非随机、前后对照的研究方法就地区及机构级的绩效激励对卫生工作者及管理团队的影响进行了评估。我们对机构基本药物库存、设备维护及产科临床护理流程中的变化进行了评估。我们采用回归模型双重差分析法分析了该计划对遵照产科护理治疗方案和基本药物供给、用品及设备的影响。. 我们在四个地区观察 33 家卫生机构、23 家干预机构、10 家对照机构以及 401 名孕妇。该计划改善了干预机构中功能性设备及基本药物库存的供应情况。我们观察到在非干预机构的药物采购及临床护理活动方面产生了积极的影响，这可能是由地区管理绩效提高造成的。地区卫生管理者对临床工作者的的监督及积极指导提... | zh-cn |
pair_28670014 | To evaluate the impact of a performance-based financing scheme on maternal and neonatal health service quality in Malawi. We conducted a non-randomized controlled before and after study to evaluate the effects of district- and facility-level performance incentives for health workers and management teams. We assessed ch... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Évaluer l'impact, sur la qualité des services de santé maternelle et néonatale au Malawi, d'un schéma de financement fondé sur les résultats. Nous avons réalisé une étude contrôlée non randomisée avant/après afin d'évaluer les effets de mesures incitatives fondées sur les résultats, mises en œuvre à l'échelle des distr... | fr |
pair_28670014 | To evaluate the impact of a performance-based financing scheme on maternal and neonatal health service quality in Malawi. We conducted a non-randomized controlled before and after study to evaluate the effects of district- and facility-level performance incentives for health workers and management teams. We assessed ch... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Evaluar el impacto de un plan de financiación basado en el rendimiento en la calidad del servicio sanitario materno y neonatal en Malawi. Se realizó un estudio controlado no aleatorizado del antes y el después para evaluar los efectos de los incentivos de rendimiento a nivel de distritos y de centros para trabajadores ... | es |
pair_28670014 | To evaluate the impact of a performance-based financing scheme on maternal and neonatal health service quality in Malawi. We conducted a non-randomized controlled before and after study to evaluate the effects of district- and facility-level performance incentives for health workers and management teams. We assessed ch... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Оценить влияние ориентированной на результат программы финансирования на качество услуг, оказываемых материнской и неонатальной службой здравоохранения в Малави. Мы провели нерандомизированное контролируемое исследование до начала и после завершения программы, чтобы оценить влияние стимулирования медицинских работников... | ru |
pair_28670015 | To assess compliance with infection prevention and control practices in primary health care in Kenya. We used an observational, patient-tracking tool to assess compliance with infection prevention and control practices by 1680 health-care workers during outpatient interactions with 14 328 patients at 935 health-care fa... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 旨在评估肯尼亚初级卫生护理中感染防控做法的合规性。. 2015 年，我们采用观察性患者追踪工具对 935 家卫生护理机构 1680 名卫生保健工作人员在 14 328 名患者门诊会谈中的感染防控做法的合规性进行了评估。我们对五个领域的合规性进行了评估： 手卫生；防护手套的使用；注射和血液样本；可重复使用设备的消毒以及废弃物隔离。 我们通过正确行为数目除以指标数目计算了合规性，同时评估了合规性与卫生护理工作人员和机构特点之间的关联。. 在一项感染防控做法的 106 464 个观察指标中，合规率为 0.318（95% 置信区间，CI： 0.315 至 0.321）。 合规率范围包括从手卫生的 0.023（95% CI： 0.021 至 ... | zh-cn |
pair_28670015 | To assess compliance with infection prevention and control practices in primary health care in Kenya. We used an observational, patient-tracking tool to assess compliance with infection prevention and control practices by 1680 health-care workers during outpatient interactions with 14 328 patients at 935 health-care fa... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Évaluer le respect des pratiques de prévention et de lutte contre les infections lors d’activités de soins primaires au Kenya. Grâce à un outil observationnel de suivi des patients, nous avons évalué le respect des pratiques de prévention et de lutte contre les infections par 1 680 agents de santé, lors de leurs intera... | fr |
pair_28670015 | To assess compliance with infection prevention and control practices in primary health care in Kenya. We used an observational, patient-tracking tool to assess compliance with infection prevention and control practices by 1680 health-care workers during outpatient interactions with 14 328 patients at 935 health-care fa... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Evaluar el cumplimiento de las prácticas de prevención y control de infecciones en la atención sanitaria primaria en Kenya. Se utilizó una herramienta de observación para el seguimiento de los pacientes con el fin de evaluar el cumplimiento de las prácticas de prevención y control de infecciones por parte de 1 680 trab... | es |
pair_28670015 | To assess compliance with infection prevention and control practices in primary health care in Kenya. We used an observational, patient-tracking tool to assess compliance with infection prevention and control practices by 1680 health-care workers during outpatient interactions with 14 328 patients at 935 health-care fa... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Провести оценку степени соблюдения мероприятий по профилактике и контролю инфекций в первичной медико-санитарной помощи в Кении. Мы использовали инструмент для отслеживания пациентов для оценки степени соблюдения мероприятий по профилактике и контролю инфекций 1680 работниками здравоохранения во время амбулаторного при... | ru |
pair_28670016 | To analyse the proportions of protein identity between Zika virus and dengue, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, West Nile and chikungunya viruses as well as polymorphism between different Zika virus strains. We used published protein sequences for the Zika virus and obtained protein sequences for the other viruses f... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 旨在分析寨卡病毒、登革热、流行性乙型脑炎、黄热病、西尼罗河以及基孔肯雅热病毒之间的蛋白质识别率以及不同寨卡病毒株之间的多态性。. 我们使用已公布的寨卡病毒蛋白质序列，并从国家生物技术信息中心 (NCBI) 蛋白质数据库或国家生物技术信息中心 (NCBI) 病毒变异资源中获取了其他病毒的蛋白质序列。 我们使用 BLASTP 来找出病毒之间的识别区域。 我们量化了寨卡病毒和其他各种病毒之间的蛋白质识别以及寨卡病毒内部多态性，以识别蛋白质组中的所有氨基酸 <i>k</i>-mer，其中 <i>k</i> 的变化范围为 6 到 100。通过计算外膜蛋白和非结构蛋白 1 (NS1) 的溶剂可及表面，我们对蛋白质片段的可及性进行了评估。. 我们... | zh-cn |
pair_28670016 | To analyse the proportions of protein identity between Zika virus and dengue, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, West Nile and chikungunya viruses as well as polymorphism between different Zika virus strains. We used published protein sequences for the Zika virus and obtained protein sequences for the other viruses f... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Analyser les pourcentages de similarité protéique entre le virus Zika et les virus de la dengue, de l'encéphalite japonaise, de la fièvre jaune, du Nil occidental et du chikungunya, ainsi que le polymorphisme entre différentes souches du virus Zika. Nous avons utilisé les séquences protéiques publiées du virus Zika et ... | fr |
pair_28670016 | To analyse the proportions of protein identity between Zika virus and dengue, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, West Nile and chikungunya viruses as well as polymorphism between different Zika virus strains. We used published protein sequences for the Zika virus and obtained protein sequences for the other viruses f... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Analizar las proporciones de identidad proteica entre el virus de Zika y los virus del dengue, la encefalitis japonesa, la fiebre amarilla, el Nilo Occidental y el chikungunya, así como el polimorfismo entre las distintas cepas del virus de Zika. Se utilizaron secuencias de proteínas publicadas para el virus de Zika y ... | es |
pair_28670016 | To analyse the proportions of protein identity between Zika virus and dengue, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, West Nile and chikungunya viruses as well as polymorphism between different Zika virus strains. We used published protein sequences for the Zika virus and obtained protein sequences for the other viruses f... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Проанализировать пропорции белковой идентичности между вирусом Зика и вирусами лихорадки денге, японского энцефалита, желтой лихорадки, лихорадки Западного Нила и лихорадки чикунгунья, а также полиморфизм между различными штаммами вируса Зика. Мы использовали опубликованные последовательности белка для вируса Зика и по... | ru |
pair_28670017 | The lack of proper water and sanitation infrastructures and poor hygiene practices in health-care facilities reduces facilities' preparedness and response to disease outbreaks and decreases the communities' trust in the health services provided. To improve water and sanitation infrastructures and hygiene practices, the... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 医护机构缺乏适当的供水与卫生基础设施且卫生实践较差，这降低了其防范和应对疾病爆发的能力以及公众对所提供的医疗服务的信任。. 为改善供水与卫生基础设施以及卫生实践，利比里亚卫生部举行了数次多利益相关方会议，以制定一项全国性供水、卫生设施、卫生及环境健康的一揽子计划。 并面向县级环境卫生技术人员开设了全国性培训师培训课程，包括感染预防、控制焦点人物以及充当变革推动者的焦点人物。. 在利比里亚，参与调查的 701 家医护机构中仅有 45% 的医护机构在 2015 年对水源进行了改善，27% 的医护机构对感染性废物进行了适当的废物处理。. 通过当地卫生工作者的参与引入当地所有权，以确保该一揽子计划的制定与完善。 医护机构之间的县级协作以及多... | zh-cn |
pair_28670017 | The lack of proper water and sanitation infrastructures and poor hygiene practices in health-care facilities reduces facilities' preparedness and response to disease outbreaks and decreases the communities' trust in the health services provided. To improve water and sanitation infrastructures and hygiene practices, the... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | L'absence d'infrastructures d'approvisionnement en eau et d'assainissement adaptées et des pratiques d'hygiène déficientes dans les centres de santé font obstacle à la préparation et à la réponse des centres de santé face à une flambée de maladie et limitent la confiance des communautés envers les services de santé. Po... | fr |
pair_28670017 | The lack of proper water and sanitation infrastructures and poor hygiene practices in health-care facilities reduces facilities' preparedness and response to disease outbreaks and decreases the communities' trust in the health services provided. To improve water and sanitation infrastructures and hygiene practices, the... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | La ausencia de infraestructuras adecuadas de agua y saneamiento y unas prácticas higiénicas pobres en centros sanitarios reducen la preparación y respuesta de los centros a brotes de enfermedades y reducen la confianza de las comunidades en los servicios sanitarios ofrecidos. Para mejorar las infraestructuras de agua y... | es |
pair_28670017 | The lack of proper water and sanitation infrastructures and poor hygiene practices in health-care facilities reduces facilities' preparedness and response to disease outbreaks and decreases the communities' trust in the health services provided. To improve water and sanitation infrastructures and hygiene practices, the... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Отсутствие надлежащих объектов инфраструктуры водоснабжения и санитарии, а также плохие санитарно-гигиенические условия в медицинских учреждениях снижают подготовленность учреждений и их реагирование на вспышки заболеваний, а также снижается доверие населения к предоставляемому медицинскому обслуживанию. Для усовершенс... | ru |
pair_28670018 | Underutilization of mental health services is a major barrier to reducing the burden of disease attributable to mental, neurological and substance-use disorders. Primary care-based screening to detect people with mental disorders misses people not frequently visiting health-care facilities or who lack access to service... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 对精神卫生服务利用不足是减少精神、神经和物质使用障碍引起的疾病负担的主要障碍。 以初级医疗为基础的筛查在检测精神障碍患者时会遗漏不经常前往医疗保健机构就诊的人员或无法获得服务的人员。. 在尼泊尔的两个地区，我们培训了没有经验的社区信息提供人员，以便在日常社区服务中使用工具来检测精神、神经和物质使用障碍患者。 社区信息检测工具包括对背景敏感的片段，以及对于识字率低的人群来说容易理解的图片。 信息提供人员将其使用工具确定的患者转介到医护机构。 检测后三周内，受过培训的研究助理人员对患者进行了访问，以评估他们的求助行为以及他们是否接受了任何治疗。. 尼泊尔分散化的精神卫生服务很稀少并且很少有精神障碍患者求医。. 在通过社区信息检测工具确定... | zh-cn |
pair_28670018 | Underutilization of mental health services is a major barrier to reducing the burden of disease attributable to mental, neurological and substance-use disorders. Primary care-based screening to detect people with mental disorders misses people not frequently visiting health-care facilities or who lack access to service... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | La sous-utilisation des services de santé mentale est un obstacle majeur à la réduction de la charge de morbidité attribuable aux troubles mentaux, neurologiques et associés à la toxicomanie. Le dépistage des troubles mentaux lors des soins primaires ne permet pas de les détecter chez les personnes qui viennent raremen... | fr |
pair_28670018 | Underutilization of mental health services is a major barrier to reducing the burden of disease attributable to mental, neurological and substance-use disorders. Primary care-based screening to detect people with mental disorders misses people not frequently visiting health-care facilities or who lack access to service... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | La infrautilización de servicios de salud mental es un gran impedimento para reducir la carga de enfermedades atribuibles a trastornos mentales, neurológicos y por consumo de sustancias. Los exámenes basados en atención primaria para detectar personas con trastornos mentales no incluyen a las personas que no visitan ce... | es |
pair_28670018 | Underutilization of mental health services is a major barrier to reducing the burden of disease attributable to mental, neurological and substance-use disorders. Primary care-based screening to detect people with mental disorders misses people not frequently visiting health-care facilities or who lack access to service... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Недостаточно широкое использование служб охраны психического здоровья является одним из основных препятствий для снижения уровня заболеваемости психическими, неврологическими расстройствами, а также расстройствами, связанными с употреблением психоактивных веществ. Первичное скрининговое обследование с целью выявления л... | ru |
pair_28675004 | Dental pulp tissue plays a role in forming dentin, providing nutrition, conducting pain, and generating protective responses to environmental stimuli. Bacterial infection is the main cause of pulp disease, where histopathological changes are the histological basis for determining the choice of treatment and the evaluat... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 牙髓组织具有形成牙本质、提供营养、传导痛觉和对外界刺激产生保护性反应的功能。牙髓组织病理学改变性质是决定牙齿治疗方案的选择和治疗效果评估的组织学基础。当牙髓病变可逆或局限时，应消除感染，保存活髓，维护牙髓的功能。长久以来，活髓保存治疗的临床诊治，特别是其适应证和预后因素，一直是临床医生争论的热点话题，且常常给很多医生造成困惑。本文从适应证、牙髓状态评估、感染消除、盖髓材料选择等方面对活髓保存治疗中存在的困惑以及解决方法进行介绍，同时提出了活髓保存治疗的临床路径和操作规范，以便临床上更好地开展活髓保存治疗。. | zh-cn |
pair_28675005 | Root canal filling is performed as the final and most important procedure of root canal treatment. The superior 3D filling is the key determinant of endodontic success. However, such procedure remains a challenge because of the complexity of the root canal system and the limitation of root canal filling materials and m... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 根管充填是根管治疗最后也是最重要的步骤，对根管系统进行严密的三维封闭是根管治疗成功的关键。根管系统的复杂性及根管充填材料方法的局限性影响根管系统严密的封闭，为尽可能地做到严密封闭根管系统，完善根管充填质量进而提高根管治疗疗效，本文将针对不同根管充填方法的优缺点、适应证、技术要点、临床注意事项及操作过程中容易出现的失误及对策等进行详细深入的阐述，以其为临床应用提供指导和帮助。. | zh-cn |
pair_28675006 | To construct a low-pH-sensing system in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and to visually detect the pH in situ. Promoter of ureaseⅠ(PureⅠ) and green fluorescence protein (gfp) DNA fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the genome of Streptococcus salivarius 57.I and S. mutans containing the gf... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的 构建变异链球菌低pH感应系统，原位可视地检测其所处环境的pH。方法 通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）和基因重组技术，克隆得到唾液链球菌57.I的ureⅠ基因启动子片段（pureⅠ）及绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的编码基因gfp，经过酶切后将两个基因片段连接融合，然后再经双酶切将融合片段与大肠杆菌-变异链球菌穿梭载体pDL278连接，构建出重组质粒pDL278-pureⅠ-gfp。将重组质粒转化到变异链球菌UA159中，使用荧光显微镜观察其在不同pH条件和不同处理时间的单位面积荧光强度。结果 目的基因pureⅠ和gfp扩增片段大小分别为450 bp和717 bp，与预期大小相符。构建的重组质粒pDL278-pureⅠ-gfp测序结果与数据库... | zh-cn |
pair_28675007 | This study aimed to investigate the effects of hypoxia on the characteristics of human dental follicle cells (hDFCs). The tissue explant collagenase method was used to isolate hDFCs from young permanent teeth. The immunofluorescence technique was used to detect cell surface markers, and the multi-differentiation potent... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的 研究低氧对人牙囊细胞（hDFCs）生物学特性的影响。方法 利用组织块酶消化法从年轻恒牙中分离培养hDFCs；采用免疫荧光技术检测细胞表面标志物，多向诱导实验检测细胞多向分化潜能；模拟体外低氧微环境，将细胞分为常氧组（20%O₂）和低氧组（2%O₂），分别对两组细胞行Transwell小室试验检测低氧对细胞迁移的影响，采用CCK-8法检测低氧对细胞增殖的影响。通过实时定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）和Western blot分别从基因和蛋白水平检测hDFCs多能性相关标志物于不同氧体积分数下的表达；分别对两组细胞进行成骨诱导，qRT-PCR检测成骨相关基因，茜素红染色评估矿化结节的形成。结果 hDFCs具有较强的干细胞特征，具... | zh-cn |
pair_28675008 | This study aims to establish a stable animal model with altered anterior guidance and investigate histological changes on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) synovium in rats. Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups, namely, control group, anterior-guidance-deficient group (T1), and anterior guidance inclined up to 15 ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的 建立稳定的前导斜度改变的大鼠模型，探索其对大鼠颞下颌关节（TMJ）滑膜的组织病理学影响。方法 将32只大鼠随机分为4组，分别是对照组（C）、前导缺失组（T1）、前导斜度增大15°组（T2）、前导斜度增大30°组（T3）。在大鼠上前牙粘接舌侧增大15°、30°金属冠改变相应前导斜度。采用低速金刚砂轮打磨大鼠上下前牙，使下颌在各个方向运动时上下牙切缘不接触，造成前导缺失。3、7、14、28 d各处死2只。实验结束后取大鼠一侧TMJ作石蜡切片苏木精-伊红（HE）染色，通过组织病理学诊断鉴定大鼠TMJ滑膜的改变。结果 T1组体重短暂下降后缓慢增加（P<0.05），T3组体重明显下降后略回升，但始终低于初始体重（P<0.05），T3组滑... | zh-cn |
pair_28675009 | This study aims to determine the influence of unilateral chewing on metabolic characteristics of masseter muscle fibers in rats and the regulatory effect of an adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) signal pathway on metabolism. Rats were submitted to exodontia of all the right maxillary molars and div... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的 探讨偏侧咀嚼对大鼠咬肌肌纤维代谢特征的影响及腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）对肌纤维代谢特征变化的调控作用。方法 拔除大鼠右上颌磨牙建立偏侧咀嚼大鼠模型，实验组分为2、4、6、8周组，设同期对照组。应用辅酶Ⅰ-四氮唑还原酶（NADH-TRase）染色法检测咬肌肌纤维有氧代谢类型以及各型肌纤维的分布密度和构成比；用Western blot技术检测p-AMPK（Thr172）/AMPKα1表达水平。结果 与同期对照组比较，建模2周实验组拔牙侧深染型肌纤维比例增多，非拔牙侧中染型纤维比例增加，浅染型肌纤维比例减少（P<0.05）；建模4、6、8周组双侧深染型肌纤维比例持续增加，拔牙侧显著高于非拔牙侧；第6、8周组双侧中染型肌纤维比例下... | zh-cn |
pair_28675010 | To explore the therapeutic effect of enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor GSK343 on periodontitis by regulating microphage differentiation. Macrophage RAW264.7 cells were divided into the blank (A group), control (B group), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation (C group), and LPS+GSK343 (D group) groups. Phenoty... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的 研究Zeste基因增强子人类同源物2（EZH2）抑制剂GSK343调节巨噬细胞亚群的分化，探讨EZH2在牙周炎中潜在的治疗作用。方法 将巨噬细胞RAW264.7分为4组：空白组（A组）、对照组（B组）、内毒素（LPS）刺激组（C组）、LPS+GSK343组（D组）。细胞经培养及相应处理后，利用免疫印迹和酶联免疫吸附试验检测其表型生物学标志变化，包括肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）和精氨酸酶-1（Arg-1）。利用大肠杆菌吞噬试验检测巨噬细胞RAW264.7在不同条件下对大肠杆菌的吞噬作用。结果 LPS可以诱导RAW264.7产生M1表型生物标志（TNF-α和iNOS... | zh-cn |
pair_28675011 | To compare characterization of microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profiles of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogrammed from human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) and screen-specific microRNA. Human DPSCs and SCAP were reprogrammed into iPSCs using a Sendai virus vector. To... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的 对比研究两种人牙源性多能干细胞重编程前后微小RNAs（miRNAs）差异表达，交集分析、筛选特异性miRNAs。方法 利用仙台病毒将人牙髓干细胞（DPSCs）和根尖乳头干细胞（SCAP）重编程为诱导性多潜能干细胞（iPSCs），提取总RNA，miRNAs标记、杂交，扫描芯片、读取图像，筛选差异表达miRNAs，交集分析。结果 人DPSCs和SCAP均可重编程为iPSCs。miRNAs芯片分析结果显示人DPSCs重编程后有68个差异表达miRNAs（倍数>10），其中37个表达上调，31个表达下调；人SCAP重编程后有107个差异表达miRNAs（倍数>10），其中68个表达上调，39个表达下调。二者取交集，均上调的有miR-3... | zh-cn |
pair_28675012 | This study evaluates the biological effects of naringin (NAR) joint bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 on the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and expression of osteoblastogenic genes, such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), collagen Ⅰ (ColⅠ), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) of pre-osteoblast... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的 研究柚皮苷（NAR）联合骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）-2对体外培养的成骨前体细胞MC3T3-E1增殖、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性及成骨相关基因ALP、骨钙素（OCN）、成骨特异性转录因子（Runx2）、Ⅰ型胶原（ColⅠ）表达的影响。方法 以成骨细胞株MC3T3-E1为体外药效的试验模型，通过Alamar blue法检测第1、4和7天3种不同浓度NAR（10、100和1 000 μmol·L⁻¹）单独作用以及分别与50 ng·mL⁻¹ BMP-2联合诱导对MC3T3-E1细胞增殖能力的影响。同时在第4天和7天测定成骨细胞内ALP活性，采用实时定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测成骨相关基因ALP、OCN、Runx2、ColⅠ的表达... | zh-cn |
pair_28675014 | This study aims to investigate the possible role and significance of soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) /soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) in the immune pathogeneses of recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU). A total of 30 RAU cases (18 cases of minor RAU, 5 cases of major RAU, and 7 cases of herpetiform ulcers) were... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的 了解复发性阿弗他溃疡（RAU）患者血清中可溶性程序性死亡受体-1（sPD-1）、可溶性程序性死亡配体-1（sPD-L1）蛋白表达与患者免疫功能状态的相关性，探讨sPD-1/sPD-L1在RAU免疫发病机制中的作用及意义。方法 研究对象为30例RAU患者（轻型18例，重型5例，疱疹型7例）及18例健康人（对照组）。采用流式细胞术检测RAU患者外周血细胞免疫指标（CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺、CD19⁺、CD16⁺+56⁺），散射比浊法检测RAU患者体液免疫指标（IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C4），酶联免疫吸附测定RAU患者及健康人血清中sPD-1、sPD-L1蛋白表达，并对sPD-1、sPD-L1表达水平与RAU患者免疫功能状... | zh-cn |
pair_28675015 | To investigate the association between non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) and environmental factors in Ningxia population. This case-control study involved 453 NSCL/P patients and 452 normal newborns from Ningxia. A questionnaire focusing on various factors, including family history, pregnanc... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的 探讨宁夏地区非综合征型唇腭裂（NSCL/P）发病相关环境因素。方法 采用病例对照研究方法纳入NSCL/P患者453例，正常新生儿452例。对研究对象进行问卷调查，利用SPSS 16.0统计软件对数据进行卡方检验和Logistic回归分析。结果 NSCL/P患病类型构成比为唇裂︰唇裂合并腭裂︰腭裂=1︰2.02︰1.51。Logistic回归分析显示妊娠期发生异常、妊娠期感染、流产史、孕前孕中服用药物、饮茶、吸烟、饮酒、居住地附近工厂为危险因素（P<0.05）。单胎、早孕反应、食用豆制品食物、水果为保护因素（P<0.05）。结论 加强母亲孕期饮食均衡，避免感染、流产、服用药物以及不良生活习惯对降低NSCL/P的发生具有重要意义。... | zh-cn |
pair_28675016 | To characterize the velopharyngeal closure patterns and speech performance among submucous cleft palate patients. Patients with submucous cleft palate visiting the Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University between 2008 and 2016 were reviewed. Outcomes of subjecti... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的 通过分析黏膜下腭裂患者腭咽闭合模式、腭咽口各部分的收缩运动状况和语音表现，进一步探究黏膜下腭裂的病理特征规律。方法 回顾2008—2016年于四川大学华西口腔医院唇腭裂外科就诊的黏膜下腭裂患者的病历资料，分析其术前腭咽功能、辅音构音表现，采用鼻咽内镜观察腭咽闭合模式以及软腭、咽侧壁和咽后壁的运动情况。结果 共纳入353例黏膜下腭裂患者，其中术前腭咽闭合完全（VPC）者138例（39.09%），腭咽闭合不全（VPI）者176例（49.86%），边缘性腭咽闭合不全（MVPI）者39例（11.05%）； 268例患者接受了鼻咽内镜检查，167例（62.31%）为环状闭合，89例（33.21%）为冠状闭合，12例（4.48%）为矢状闭... | zh-cn |
pair_28675017 | To analyze the current status of research on human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancers in China using national and international references. We searched for bibliographies in the electronic databases of Sichuan University, including Chinese Biological and Medical Database (CBM), China Science and Tech... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的 基于目前国内人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）相关的头颈肿瘤的文献，结合国外文献研究，分析目前我国在此领域的研究现状。方法 计算机检索四川大学图书馆电子期刊数据库，包括中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）和万方期刊全文数据库，筛选并提取数据，分析国内与HPV相关的头颈肿瘤研究的基本特征、HPV总检出率以及不同临床病理指标对HPV感染的影响。结果 国内头颈肿瘤患者中，HPV总检出率为34.05%。在分析不同临床病理指标对口腔鳞癌患者HPV感染的影响时，不吸烟组、不饮酒组的HPV感染率高于吸烟组（P=0.002）、饮酒组（P<0.005）；N2~N3期的HPV检出率高于N0~N1期（P=0.027）。结论 HPV... | zh-cn |
pair_28675018 | This study aims to investigate the expression and relationship of CD44 and CD133 in normal oral mucosa, oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This work also analyzes the relationship between such expression and clinical factors. This study intends to evaluate the clinical ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的 探究肿瘤干细胞标记物CD44和CD133在口腔正常黏膜、口腔潜在恶性病变（OPMD）及口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）中的表达情况及相互关系，评估其作为OPMD恶性转化早期诊断指标的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析60例OPMD患者、60例OSCC患者及10例口腔黏膜正常者的临床资料，采用免疫组织化学双重染色技术检测各组病理组织中CD44与CD133的表达，分析CD44和CD133表达之间的关系及其与各临床因素之间的关系。结果 口腔正常黏膜、OPMD、OSCC三组中，CD44的阳性表达率分别为100.00%、96.67%、71.67%（P<0.05），CD133的阳性表达率分别为0.00%、35.00%、63.33%（P<0.05）。CD... | zh-cn |
pair_28675020 | Oral cavity and gut are important parts of the human digestive tract. The structure and pathogenesis of oral and gut microbial communities have been extensively investigated. The interaction and pathogenic effects of oral and gut microbiota have also been widely explored. This review aimed to integrate data from litera... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 口腔和肠道是人体消化道的重要组成部分。口腔微生物和肠道微生物的相互关系和致病共性已成为近年来人体微生物组研究的热点。本文结合近期研究进展，对口腔微生物和肠道微生物群落结构和功能，相互定植和致病作用，以及两者与系统性疾病的相关性进行综述。. | zh-cn |
pair_28675019 | To investigate the inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of total saponins from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis on the proliferation of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma ACC-83 cells. In vitro cell culture was performed. The proliferation of ACC-83 cells treated with different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40, 60, ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的 探讨滇重楼总皂苷对涎腺腺样囊性癌ACC-83细胞的增殖抑制作用及其相关机制，为滇重楼治疗涎腺腺样囊性癌提供理论依据。方法 通过体外细胞培养，采用CCK-8法检测不同药物质量浓度（5、10、20、40、60、80、100 μg·mL⁻¹）的滇重楼总皂苷对ACC-83细胞的增殖抑制效应，采用流式细胞仪检测不同药物质量浓度（25、50、100 μg·mL⁻¹）的滇重楼总皂苷对ACC-83细胞的凋亡率，Western blot及逆转录聚合酶链反应法检测巨噬细胞游走抑制因子（MIF）和CD74的表达。结果 滇重楼总皂苷可促进ACC-83细胞凋亡，并呈剂量-效应关系。ACC-83细胞中存在MIF和CD74的表达，滇重楼总皂苷可抑制MIF和... | zh-cn |
pair_28675021 | microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short, noncoding RNAs that can negatively regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miRNAs are involved in multiple developmental events in various tissues and organs, including dental enamel development. Any disruption during enamel development may result in inherited enamel ma... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 微小RNAs（microRNAs）是一类内源性的短链非编码RNA，在转录后水平调控基因的表达，在各项生物发生过程中发挥重要的调控作用。牙釉质发育过程中任何信号的干扰和突变都可能导致牙釉质形成障碍。本文对miRNAs在牙釉质发育过程中的表达和作用机制进行综述。. | zh-cn |
pair_28675022 | Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and ideal adult stem cells for alveolar bone regeneration considerably help restore the structure and function of the periodontium and promote the healing of periodontal disease. Thus, BMSC features, especially the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation, has recently become a... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）在重构牙周组织结构和功能、促进牙周炎好转乃至愈合方面发挥重要作用，因此BMSCs的特性尤其是其成骨分化的调控机制是目前的研究热点。肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）是牙周组织炎症微环境中的主要促炎因子，与BMSCs的成骨分化密切相关。探究TNF-α调控BMSCs成骨分化的机制有助于明确牙周炎的发病机制，寻找牙周疾病新的治疗靶点，改善牙周炎的治疗效果。本文将针对TNF-α在牙周炎发生发展过程中发挥的重要作用尤其是调控BMSCs成骨分化的可能机制作一综述。. | zh-cn |
pair_31025463 | The diagnosis of otoacariasis due to Otodectes cynotis is based on the visualization of the parasite, either directly by otoscopy or indirectly after microscopic examination of cerumen collected by several methods. To compare the sensitivity of three techniques: conventional handheld otoscopy, Volkmann's curette sampli... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 背景: 由犬耳螨引起的耳螨病,其诊断是基于看到寄生虫,不论是耳镜直接检查,还是几种方法采集耳垢,用显微镜间接检查。 目的: 比较三种技术的敏感性:常规手持式耳镜、Volkmann刮匙采样和棉签擦拭采样。 动物: 五只犬和12只猫(30个自然感染的耳道)。: 方法和材料: 每个病例在耳镜检查后,随机选择检查顺序(棉签擦拭或刮匙),载玻片上混合乳酚并覆上盖玻片观察样本。寄生虫检测标注为阳性或阴性,不同寄生阶段分别计数。 结果: 单独使用耳镜检查的诊断敏感性为67%(30例中有20例为阳性),使用刮匙取样和棉签采样,敏感性分别为93%(28/30)和57%(17/30)。刮匙技术具有比传统耳道棉签擦拭(P = 0.001)或单独耳镜(P ... | zh-cn |
pair_31025463 | The diagnosis of otoacariasis due to Otodectes cynotis is based on the visualization of the parasite, either directly by otoscopy or indirectly after microscopic examination of cerumen collected by several methods. To compare the sensitivity of three techniques: conventional handheld otoscopy, Volkmann's curette sampli... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Le diagnostic d'otacariose due à Otodectes cynotis est basé sur la visualisation du parasite, soit directement par otoscopie ou indirectement par examen microscopique du cérumen collecté par plusieurs méthodes. Comparer la sensibilité des trois techniques: otoscope manuel conventionnel, curetage par la curette de Volkm... | fr |
pair_31025463 | The diagnosis of otoacariasis due to Otodectes cynotis is based on the visualization of the parasite, either directly by otoscopy or indirectly after microscopic examination of cerumen collected by several methods. To compare the sensitivity of three techniques: conventional handheld otoscopy, Volkmann's curette sampli... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Die Diagnose einer Otoacariasis aufgrund einer Otodectes cynotis Infestation basiert auf der Sichtbarmachung der Parasiten, entweder direkt mittels Otoskopie oder indirekt nach einer otoskopischen Untersuchung des Cerumens, welches auf unterschiedliche Weise gesammelt werden kann. Ein Vergleich der Sensibilität dreier ... | de |
pair_31025463 | The diagnosis of otoacariasis due to Otodectes cynotis is based on the visualization of the parasite, either directly by otoscopy or indirectly after microscopic examination of cerumen collected by several methods. To compare the sensitivity of three techniques: conventional handheld otoscopy, Volkmann's curette sampli... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | O diagnóstico de otoacaríase por Otodectes cynotis é baseado na visualização do parasita, tanto diretamente por otoscopia quanto indiretamente após avaliação microscópica do cerúmen coletado por diversos métodos. Comparar a sensibilidade de três técnicas: otoscopia convencional, amostragem por cureta de Volkmann e swab... | pt |
pair_31025463 | The diagnosis of otoacariasis due to Otodectes cynotis is based on the visualization of the parasite, either directly by otoscopy or indirectly after microscopic examination of cerumen collected by several methods. To compare the sensitivity of three techniques: conventional handheld otoscopy, Volkmann's curette sampli... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | el diagnóstico de otoacariasis debida a Otodectes cynotis se basa en la visualización del parásito, ya sea directamente mediante otoscopia o indirectamente después del examen microscópico del cerumen recogido por varios métodos. OBJETIVOS: comparar la sensibilidad de tres técnicas: la otoscopia portátil convencional, e... | es |
pair_31037742 | With increasing age and chronicity in populations, the need to reduce the costs of care while enhancing quality and hospital avoidance, is important. Nurse-led co-ordination is one such model of care that supports this approach. The aim of this research was to assess the impact that newly appointed Navigators have on s... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的: 随着人口年龄和慢性化的增加,在提高质量和避免住院的同时降低护理成本的需求显得非常重要。护士引导型协调就是支持这种方法的护理模式之一。这项研究目的在于评估新任导航员对服务提供的影响;社会和经济影响;护士职业生活质量与同情心疲乏;以及对护理和服务提供模式所发生变化的分析。 设计: 选择了并行混合方法来解决研究目标。 方法: 研究项目于2018年7月获得资助,将于2020年12月结束。将研究几个队列,包括:分配给导航员的患者、未分配给导航员的患者、分配给导航员的患者家属;和估计为140个航海家的样本量。 讨论: 本研究为评估护士导航员对慢性病患者护理结果质量的影响提供了一个全面型国际纵向和混合方法框架。 影响--研究将解决什么问题... | zh-cn |
pair_31037755 | To describe a protocol that examines the feasibility and effectiveness of a face-to-face guided self-disclosure intervention for facilitating benefit finding and other related psychological outcomes for breast cancer patients. Benefit finding can promote a positive attitude among patients facing disease. However, limit... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目的: 在于描述一个方案,该方案探讨面对面指导型自我披露干预的可行性和有效性,以便于促进乳腺癌患者的意义发现和其他相关的心理结果。 背景: 意义发现可以有助于患者积极面对疾病。然而,有限研究着重于改善乳腺癌患者的意义发现。以前的研究是基于团体干预,这可能并不适用于所有的病人。自我披露被公认为是意义发现的有力预测指标。该方案基于简短型面对面披露干预,以便于改善乳腺癌患者的意义发现。 设计: 一项非盲随机对照试验。 方法: 将154例接受根治性乳房切除术的乳腺癌患者随机分为实验组和对照组,其中实验组将参加6次面对面的个别干预,或者对照组的比例为1:1。将在乳腺癌诊断后进行基线评估,而将在基线评估后3、6和9个月进行随访评估。主要结果是意... | zh-cn |
pair_31037780 | Dermatological conditions are common in English bulldogs (EBs). This cross-sectional study describes the dermatological health status of a group of EBs and compares the results with owner perceptions and its possible impact on quality of life (QoL). Computed tomographic (CT) findings of the ear canals were compared bet... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 背景: 皮肤病在英国斗牛犬(EBS)中很常见。 假设/目标: 该横向研究描述了一组EBSs的皮肤健康状况,并将结果与主人的感受及其对生活质量(QoL)的可能影响进行比较。比较EBSs和中型头犬耳道的计算机断层扫描(CT)结果。 动物: 27只参与芬兰健康研究的EBSs。 方法和材料: 完成针对EBSs的QoL问卷调查,其中主人报告的临床症状指的是皮肤或耳道。临床评估包括记录犬异位性皮炎严重程度指数、中耳炎指数评分,假爪垫分级和趾间疖病的存在,将它们相加得出总临床评分(TCS)。用CT图像测量水平耳道的横截面面积,并与从病患数据库收集14只中型头犬的相应图像进行比较。 结果: 所有27只EBSs的皮肤检查均有异常,但37%的主人未发现... | zh-cn |
pair_31037780 | Dermatological conditions are common in English bulldogs (EBs). This cross-sectional study describes the dermatological health status of a group of EBs and compares the results with owner perceptions and its possible impact on quality of life (QoL). Computed tomographic (CT) findings of the ear canals were compared bet... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Les dermatoses sont fréquentes chez le bouledogue anglais (EB). HYPOTHÈSES/OBJECTIFS: Cette étude croisée décrit le statut dermatologique d'un groupe d’EBs et compare les résultats avec les perceptions des propriétaires et de leur impact possible sur la qualité de vie (QoL). Les données tomodensitométries (CT) des cond... | fr |
pair_31037780 | Dermatological conditions are common in English bulldogs (EBs). This cross-sectional study describes the dermatological health status of a group of EBs and compares the results with owner perceptions and its possible impact on quality of life (QoL). Computed tomographic (CT) findings of the ear canals were compared bet... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Dermatologische Probleme sind bei englischen Bulldoggen (EBs) häufig. Diese Querschnittsstudie beschreibt den dermatologischen Gesundheitsstatus einer Gruppe von EBs und vergleicht die Ergebnisse mit den Erwartungen der BesitzerInnen und den möglichen Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität (QoL). Ergebnisse der Computertomogr... | de |
pair_31037780 | Dermatological conditions are common in English bulldogs (EBs). This cross-sectional study describes the dermatological health status of a group of EBs and compares the results with owner perceptions and its possible impact on quality of life (QoL). Computed tomographic (CT) findings of the ear canals were compared bet... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | As dermatopatias são comuns nos buldogues ingleses (BIs). HIPÓTESE/OBJETIVOS: Este estudo transversal descreve o status de saúde dermatológica de um grupo de BIs e compara os resultados com as percepções dos proprietários e o seu possível impacto na qualidade de vida (QoL). Os achados de tomografia computadorizada (TC)... | pt |
pair_31037780 | Dermatological conditions are common in English bulldogs (EBs). This cross-sectional study describes the dermatological health status of a group of EBs and compares the results with owner perceptions and its possible impact on quality of life (QoL). Computed tomographic (CT) findings of the ear canals were compared bet... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | las enfermedades dermatológicas son comunes en los perros de raza Bulldog Inglés (EB). HIPÓTESIS/OBJETIVOS: este estudio transversal describe el estado de salud dermatológica de un grupo de EBs y compara los resultados con las percepciones de los propietarios y su posible impacto en la calidad de vida (QoL). Los hallaz... | es |
pair_31038257 | Otitis is common in alpacas. Suppurative otitis media/interna can be an extension from the external ear canal or from a respiratory infection. Cytological evaluation provides rapid and inexpensive information to assist in therapeutic decision; to date, there is no published information regarding the normal cytological ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 背景: 羊驼很容易患耳炎,化脓性中耳炎/内耳炎可由外耳道或呼吸道感染引起。细胞学评估可快速而廉价地提供信息,以协助制定治疗方案; 到目前为止,还没有关于羊驼外耳道正常细胞学结果和菌群的信息报道。 假设/目标: 为了描述正常的常驻细胞学结果,以及可能随时间变化的菌群,我们在两个不同季节对临床正常的羊驼进行外耳道采样。 动物: 美国东北部两群、50只不同年龄和性别的私家健康羊驼。 方法和材料: 分别于2017年8月和2018年1月,对每只羊驼的一只耳道进行棉签细胞学检查(外寄生虫,炎性和上皮细胞,细菌和酵母)和无菌棉签(细菌和真菌培养物)采样。 结果: 细胞学显示2-4%的样本中有酵母菌;8月和1月的总酵母菌患病率分别为6%和30%。细... | zh-cn |
pair_31038257 | Otitis is common in alpacas. Suppurative otitis media/interna can be an extension from the external ear canal or from a respiratory infection. Cytological evaluation provides rapid and inexpensive information to assist in therapeutic decision; to date, there is no published information regarding the normal cytological ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | L'otite est fréquente chez l'alpaga. L'otite suppurée moyenne/interne peut être une extension d'une infection respiratoire ou du conduit auriculaire externe. L’évaluation cytologique fournit des informations rapides et peu couteuses pour le traitement; à ce jour, il n'y a pas d'information publiée sur la flore et les r... | fr |
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