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pair_29093258 | To investigate the clinic value of microsurgical shunt for the treatment of varicocele combined with asthenspermia, the clinical data and therapeutic method for 3 patients, who conducted the microscope spermatic vein high ligation combined with superficial epigastric vein flow, were retrospectively analyzed. No postope... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 为总结显微转流术治疗精索静脉曲张合并弱精症的临床经验，作者回顾性分析3例行显微镜下精索静脉高位结扎+腹壁浅静脉转流术患者的临床资料及治疗方法。患者术后均无明显并发症，原有症状及体征消失，3个月复查阴囊B超及精液常规检查，各项指标逐渐好转。显微镜下精索静脉高位结扎联合血管转流术既可阻断静脉血逆流，又能使睾丸建立新的回流通道，同时保护了睾丸动脉和淋巴管，是值得推广的治疗精索静脉曲张合并弱精症的方法。. | zh-cn |
pair_29093259 | Syncope is a clinical symptom for many kinds of diseases. The reasons for some syncope are still not clear even after a comprehensive and systematic examination, known as unexplained syncope. The clinical data of one patient with recurrent syncope, who had received the implanted loop recorder (ILR) in Xiangya Hospital,... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 晕厥是临床许多疾病的常见症状，有部分晕厥者经全面系统的检查仍未能明确晕厥病因，为不明原因性晕厥。中南大学湘雅医院收治1例反复晕厥患者，行植入式动态心电图术后704 d记录到晕厥复发时心电图为持续性室性心动过速，因此明确为心律失常性晕厥，并植入了心脏转复除颤仪治疗。植入式动态心电图仪作为一种新型检查手段，凭借其监测时间长、感染率低、安全性高等优点，在心律失常性晕厥患者的诊断中有较高的临床应用价值。. | zh-cn |
pair_29093260 | Gitelman syndrome is a rare disease. It is easy to be misdiagnosed and missed diagnosis due to the diverse clinical symptoms. A girl with long-term hypokalemia, who presented with intermittent pain of lower limb muscle and physical retardation, was treated in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Laboratory exami... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Gitelman综合征是一种少见病，临床表现多样，容易漏诊及误诊。中南大学湘雅医院儿科收治了1例长期低钾血症的女性患儿，临床表现为间断双下肢肌肉痛，存在体格发育落后；实验室检查发现重度低钾血症、代谢性碱中毒；基因检测发现SLC12A3基因突变，确诊为Gitelman综合征。临床上对慢性低钾血症合并代谢性碱中毒患儿需完善基因检查，以明确诊断及推进该疾病的研究，基因治疗有望成为该疾病的特效治疗方案。. | zh-cn |
pair_29093261 | Ichthyosis refers to a group of skin diseases characterized by abnormal keratinization of the epidermis, resulting in dryness, roughness and scale of the skin. A girl with ichthyosis, who presented with skin ulcers and infection of the right dorsal foot, was admitted to our department. An autologous razor-thin skin gra... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 鱼鳞病是一种以皮肤干燥、粗糙、伴片状鱼鳞样鳞屑为主要临床表现的角化异常性皮肤病。四川大学华西医院小儿外科2016年1月收治1例右足背溃疡伴感染且合并鱼鳞病的女性患者，经封闭式负压引流、自体刃厚皮移植等治疗，创面最终愈合。随访8个月，植皮区除遗留少量疤痕外无新发感染及溃疡。虽然鱼鳞病患者皮肤健康状况较差，但鱼鳞病累积的区域仍可作为植皮术的供体或受体。. | zh-cn |
pair_29108185 | Liver failure refers to a series of clinical syndromes manifesting as coagulation disorders, jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, and other decompensated abnormalities due to serious hepatic dysfunction or decompensation in terms of synthesis, detoxification, excretion, and biological transformation caused by a v... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 肝衰竭是由多种因素引起的严重肝脏功能损害，导致其合成、解毒、排泄和生物转化等功能发生严重障碍或失代偿，进而出现以凝血机制障碍、黄疸、肝性脑病、腹水等失代偿为主要表现的一组临床症候群。近年来,随着肝衰竭免疫学发病机制研究深入，'三重打击学说'使得肝衰竭发病机制变得更为清晰。肝衰竭主要的治疗策略包括：阻止肝细胞进一步坏死，促进肝细胞再生，为肝细胞再生创造良好的内环境，积极防治和果断处理各种并发症。掌握肝衰竭患者的免疫状态，选择合适时机早期使用糖皮质激素，可以改善预后，同时减少其不良反应。进一步在不同细胞亚群间建立数量或功能上的平衡及把握某些关键的细胞因子，可能为肝衰竭的免疫调控治疗提供新方向、新靶点。. | zh-cn |
pair_29108186 | Liver failure is a common clinical syndrome of serious liver diseases with a high mortality rate. Artificial liver support system can significantly reduce the mortality rate of patients with liver failure and is widely used in clinical practice. Due to the shortage of blood resource, the increase in blood-borne disease... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 肝衰竭是临床常见的严重肝病症候群，病死率极高。人工肝支持系统可大大降低肝衰竭患者病死率，被广泛应用于临床。我国人工肝治疗面临着诸如血源紧缺、血源性疾病增多、肝移植需求增多、治疗观念改变等新形势，单项非生物型人工肝治疗已不能满足临床需要，创新非生物型人工肝治疗模式迫在眉睫。现介绍新形势下非生物型人工肝治疗肝衰竭的变迁与展望。. | zh-cn |
pair_29108187 | Liver transplantation is the most effective salvage treatment for advanced liver failure, but its clinical application is limited by a shortage of liver donor, strict technology admittance, and complex and diverse issues in liver damage control before transplantation. We need to better understand the indications for li... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 肝移植是治疗中晚期肝功能衰竭最有效的挽救性治疗手段，但供肝来源匮乏、严格的技术准入以及移植前肝损害控制的复杂性、多样性等问题，限制其更有效地应用于临床。需要更好地把握肝衰竭患者肝移植的适应证，选择准确的手术时机，制定恰当的手术方案，以提高肝衰竭患者的救治率。另外，活体供肝肝移植、辅助性肝移植及ABO血型不相容肝移植等在肝衰竭治疗上的进展显著，值得关注和期待。. | zh-cn |
pair_29108188 | Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a common critical and severe syndrome in patients with chronic liver diseases in China and other countries in the Asia-Pacific region. In recent years, both the Eastern and Western experts have defined ACLF as a new type of liver disease manifesting as a high 28-day mortality ra... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 慢加急性肝衰竭（ACLF）是我国及亚太地区慢性肝病患者常见的危急重症，近年来，东西方学者均认为ACLF是一种新的肝病类型，显著特点表现为28 d病死率高（>30%）和高强度的全身炎症反应。ACLF已成为肝病领域的热点问题之一，现简要回顾ACLF的定义及病因变迁方面的研究进展，同时分析探讨近期新认识对未来研究的启示。. | zh-cn |
pair_29108191 | The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) updated and published the Practice Guidance for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in July 2017, which provides recommendations for the accurate diagnosis, treatment, and effective prevention of NAFLD. Related metabol... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 2017年7月美国肝病研究协会更新并发布《非酒精性脂肪性肝病诊断与管理实践指南》，该指南为非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）的精准诊断、治疗及有效预防提出相关建议：疑似NAFLD患者初次评估应考虑相关代谢性疾病；NAFLD患者应用瞬时弹性成像、磁共振弹性成像及血清生物化学模型等无创诊断技术评估肝纤维化发生及进展情况；临床肝组织病理学报告应区分非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFL）、NAFL伴有炎症和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）、是否存在肝纤维化及其严重程度；NAFLD早期药物治疗仅限于病理确诊的NASH及肝纤维化患者；不建议吡格列酮、维生素E作为未经肝活组织学检查证实或非糖尿病NASH患者的一线治疗药物；符合适应证的NAFLD/NASH肥胖患者... | zh-cn |
pair_29108197 | The differentiation between autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a difficult task in clinical practice. Some AIH patients had a medication history before disease onset, and some DILI patients may have positive serum antibody. In addition, these two groups of patients have similar clinical ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）和药物性肝损伤（DILI）的鉴别是临床工作的难点。部分AIH患者发病前有用药史，一些DILI患者可以出现血清抗体阳性，除此之外二者的临床症状、血清学检查结果和肝组织病理学改变也非常相似，这些特点导致了二者鉴别的困难，但正确的鉴别诊断对临床治疗决策、预防肝硬化的发生具有重要意义。因此，有必要探讨AIH和DILI在发病机制方面的关系，在临床特点、血清学检查结果和组织学改变方面的异同，以及新型标志物在二者鉴别方面的作用，以及激素治疗和临床随诊在鉴别诊断和治疗中的意义，以便为今后的临床决策和研究提供参考。. | zh-cn |
pair_29108213 | Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection usually causes acute hepatitis and has a self-limiting progression. The patients often recover within 6 months with good prognosis. Recent studies have found that HEV infection may become chronic in special situations, which manifests as persistent liver function abnormalities for at l... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）感染通常引起急性肝炎，疾病呈自限性发展过程，一般在6个月内临床康复，预后良好。近年来的研究发现，HEV感染在特殊情况下也可呈现出感染慢性化，表现为HEV急性感染后至少6个月仍存在肝功能的持续异常，且血清、粪便和（或）肝组织仍可检出病毒核酸。HEV感染慢性化主要发生于免疫功能不全者，临床不多见，但危害大。了解HEV感染慢性化的发生机制、临床表现、治疗及预防措施，有助于临床医师制定科学有效的管理方案，改善患者预后。现就相关问题进行介绍，以提高临床医师对该病的认识水平。. | zh-cn |
pair_29108214 | With the improvement of living standards in recent years, the incidence rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has kept increasing, with 15%-30% in general population and 50%-90% in obese population. The 'second-hit' theory has been widely recognized as the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In-depth studies have found t... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 近年来，随着生活水平的提高，非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）发病率逐渐上升，普通人群发病率为15%～30%，肥胖患者发病率达50%～90%。关于NAFLD的致病机制，'二次打击'学说已得到广泛认可。随着研究深入，人们发现肠道菌群失调可通过增加机体能量吸收、破坏肠黏膜屏障、产生大量毒性代谢产物等方式促进NAFLD的进展。这为揭示NAFLD的发病机制、探索有效治疗方法提供了新切入点。据此，就肠道菌群失调在NAFLD发生、发展过程中的作用做一简要概述。. | zh-cn |
pair_29108215 | At present, liver transplantation remains the most effective treatment for acute liver failure and advanced cirrhosis, but its use and promotion are limited by insufficient organ donors, financial consideration, and requirements for lifelong immunosuppression. In recent years, stem cell transplantation has been recomme... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目前，对急性肝功能衰竭、晚期肝硬化最有效的治疗仍是肝移植，但是由于器官供体不足、财政考虑和对终身免疫抑制的要求，其使用及推广受到限制。近年来，绕过使用整个肝脏的替代方法，如干细胞移植，已被建议作为肝脏疾病的有效替代疗法。间充质干细胞，也称为多潜能间质基质细胞，是可以在几乎所有出生后的器官和组织，包括肝脏中发现的自我更新细胞，其分化为肝细胞的潜力以及它们的免疫调节特性为其在急、慢性肝病的治疗打开了思路。现对近年来间充质干细胞的特性以及治疗急、慢性肝病的机制情况进行综述，并对相关风险进行了探讨。. | zh-cn |
pair_29108216 | The Hippo signaling pathway consists of four core components in mammals, i.e., Mst1/2, WW45, Mob1, and LATS1/2, which can inhibit the transcriptional coactivator YAP from entering the nucleus, maintain the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, control organ size, and maintain homeostasis. If the core compon... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Hippo信号通路在哺乳动物中由Mst1/2，WW45，Mob1a/1b和Lats1/2共4个核心组件组成，可以经过一系列酶联反应阻碍转录辅激活因子Yap进入细胞核，从而实现维持细胞增殖与凋亡平衡，控制器官大小及维持内环境稳定的作用。如果Hippo信号通路组件因为基因突变或表观遗传学特征改变等原因失活，Yap会在细胞核内过度表达及活化，导致细胞过度增殖，抑制细胞凋亡，这一过程已证实与包括肝癌在内的多种肿瘤的形成密切相关。对Hippo信号通路的研究可以为我们探索肝脏肿瘤的发病机制及寻找有效的治疗方法开拓新的方向。. | zh-cn |
pair_27561799 | Radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy or molecular targeted therapy remains the standard of treatment for brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study is to determine if the deferral of brain radiotherapy impacts patient outcomes. Between May 2003 and December 2015, a total of 198 p... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 背景与目的 放疗联合化疗或靶向治疗仍然是非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者的首选治疗。本研究旨在探讨脑放疗时机的选择及推迟脑放疗对于患者疗效和生存期的影响。方法 2003年5月-2015年12月，就诊于我中心确诊为非小细胞肺癌脑转移且接受过脑放疗及全身治疗（包括化疗和靶向治疗）的患者共198例入组了本研究。127例接受了同时性的全身治疗和脑放疗（早放疗组）。71例患者接受了延迟性的脑放疗：完成至少2周期全身治疗后才接受脑放疗（晚放疗组）。早放疗组和晚放疗组患者治疗前的脑转移预后评分（DS-GPA评分）均衡无偏倚。结果 早放疗组患者的中位生存时间（overall survival, OS）与晚放疗组相比明显延长（17.9个月 vs 12.6个月，... | zh-cn |
pair_27561800 | Brain metastases are frequently encountered in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Antiangiogenesis therapy plays a major role in the management of brain metastases in lung cancer. Bevacizumab have become the novel method for the treatment of lung can... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 脑部是肺癌最常见的远处器官转移部位之一，肺癌脑转移的发生率高，是脑转移性肿瘤中最常见的类型，同时也是肺癌死亡率居高不下的原因之一。抗肿瘤血管生成治疗已成为肺癌治疗的重要手段之一，抗血管生成药物贝伐珠单抗也成为继全脑放疗、立体定位放疗和化疗之后肺癌脑转移患者新的治疗选择。目前，对脑转移的非小细胞肺癌患者应用贝伐珠单抗治疗的临床研究也越来越多，其安全性和有效性是研究重点。本文就贝伐珠单抗治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移的研究进展做一综述。. | zh-cn |
pair_27561803 | Brain metastasis, a common complication of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with an incidence rate of 30%-50%, significantly affects the patients' quality of life. The prognosis of patients of NSCLC with brain metastasis is extremely poor, the average median survival is only 1 m-2 m without treatment. The targeted th... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 脑转移是非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）常见并发症，发生率为30%-50%，大大影响了患者的生存质量。NSCLC一旦发生脑转移预后极差，未经治疗者的中位生存期仅为1个月-2个月。基于肺癌驱动基因的靶向治疗为肺癌脑转移提供了新的方法。目前免疫治疗已成为肿瘤治疗的新方向，它能通过刺激机体免疫系统提高抗肿瘤免疫效应。临床上靶向治疗和免疫治疗的结合运用可使患者获益。. | zh-cn |
pair_27561805 | Intradural extramedullary spinal cord metastases in lung cancer is rare, and it leads to severe neurological damage. The aim of this study is to identify the clinical features of intradural extramedullary spinal cord metastases in primary lung cancer patients. The 8 cases of lung cancer with intradural extramedullary m... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 背景与目的 肺癌硬膜下脊髓外转移罕见，可导致严重的神经损害，本研究旨在阐明其临床特征。方法 2013年5月-2016年5月，北京协和医院8例确诊硬膜下脊髓外转移肺癌患者纳入该研究，系统回顾分析临床资料。结果 7例非小细胞肺癌及1例小细胞肺癌合并硬膜下脊髓外转移。马尾综合征是最常见的临床表现。行腰椎穿刺的5例（100%）患者脑脊液找到肿瘤细胞。脊髓增强核磁（magnetic resonance imaging, MRI）发现，3例软脊膜弥漫线样增强，4例硬膜下脊髓外多发结节，1例具有上述两种表现。4例接受靶向治疗和/或放疗患者神经系统症状改善或稳定。中位生存时间是5.8个月。结论 硬膜下脊髓外转移需依靠神经系统症状及增强MRI影像学检... | zh-cn |
pair_27561806 | Glypican-5 (GPC5) is an important tumor suppressor, while little is known about the impact of GPC5 on proliferation ability and gene expression in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Here, we stably overexpressed GPC5 in A549 cells and investigated the impact of cell proliferation ability and gene expression. A549 cells th... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 背景与目的 磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-5（glypican-5, GPC5）是一个重要的抑癌基因，然而GPC5对肺腺癌细胞增殖能力和基因表达的影响目前研究甚少。本研究拟在肺腺癌A549细胞中过表达GPC5以研究细胞增殖能力和基因表达变化情况。方法 通过慢病毒载体构建稳定过表达GPC5的A549细胞株，通过Cell Counter Kit 8 (CCK8)、平板克隆和EdU实验检测细胞增殖能力；通过高通量转录组测序研究基因表达变化。结果 相对于空白载体组，CCK8实验发现过表达GPC5可以明显抑制A549细胞的增殖速率；平板克隆实验结果显示，过表达GPC5之后A549细胞克隆形成能力下降（181±17 vs 278±23）；EdU染色结果显... | zh-cn |
pair_27561808 | Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. A low cure rate of lung cancer is not only attributed to intrinsic aggressive biological behavior, but also little attention to lung cancer screening. With lung screening methods continuous progress, peripheral pulmonary lesions detection rate grad... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 肺癌是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因，肺癌的治愈率很低，不仅因其自身攻击性，还因对肺癌筛查的忽视。随着肺部筛查手段的不断进展，肺外周病变的检出率逐渐提高，当前对外周肺病变进行诊断的最常用方法是经支气管行支气管镜检查或计算机断层扫描（computed tomography, CT）引导下经皮穿刺针吸/活检，然而对于外周肺病灶，支气管镜检查有较低的诊断率，经皮穿刺检查有较高的气胸发生率，因此，使用安全、微创的方法对外周肺病变进行组织确诊是临床工作者将面临的挑战。新型支气管镜介入诊断技术已逐渐用于临床，这些技术可有效提高外周肺病变的诊断率，缩短诊断时间，使患者获得及时有效的治疗。本文将现有的技术进行简要综述以帮助临床医生尝试应用这些微创技术。... | zh-cn |
pair_30009509 | Biodiversity declines threaten the sustainability of global economies and societies. Acknowledging this, businesses are beginning to make commitments to account for and mitigate their influence on biodiversity and report this in sustainability reports. We assessed the top 100 of the 2016 Fortune 500 Global companies' (... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 生物多样性丧失威胁着全球经济和社会的可持续性。基于此, 企业开始承诺说明并减缓它们对生物多样性的影响, 并在可持续性发展报告中对此进行报告。我们分析了2016 年财富世界 500 强中前 100 名的企业 (即财富百强) 的可持续性报告, 以评估企业生物多样性责任制度的现状。财富百强企业中近一半 (49) 的企业在报告中提及了生物多样性, 31 个企业作出了明确的生物多样性保护承诺, 但其中只有 5 个企业的承诺具体、可测量且有时限。报告中公开了各种与生物多样性有关的活动 (如影响管理、恢复生物多样性、对生物多样性投资), 但只有 9 个企业提供了量化指标来证实这些活动的规模 (如恢复栖息地的面积) 。没有一个企业报告了定量的生物多... | zh-cn |
pair_30009509 | Biodiversity declines threaten the sustainability of global economies and societies. Acknowledging this, businesses are beginning to make commitments to account for and mitigate their influence on biodiversity and report this in sustainability reports. We assessed the top 100 of the 2016 Fortune 500 Global companies' (... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Uso de la Ciencia de la Conservación para Potenciar la Responsabilidad Corporativa hacia la Biodiversidad Resumen Las declinaciones de la biodiversidad amenazan a la sustentabilidad de las sociedades y economías globales. Los negocios han reconocido esto y han comenzado a comprometerse a mitigar y a responsabilizarse p... | es |
pair_30013725 | The potential stressors associated with military deployment are related to an increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes. Perceived exposure to combat has been found to be proportional to the severity of post-deployment posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, other perceived adversities during deployment, ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 与入伍有关的潜在压力源也和不良心理健康结果风险增加有关。 主观战争暴露已被发现与入伍后的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的严重程度成正比。 然而，其他入伍期间遇到的负性环境（比如目击危险、苦恼和在战区的艰难处境）却较少被系统地研究，但这些可能对入伍后的心理健康发挥同样重要的作用。 需要开发和验证评估这些相关结构的量表来区分他们对入伍后PTSD风险的影响。 我们的目标是评估10个测量主观危险的题目的有效性，题目被分发给自1998年以来丹麦国防部队所有入伍人员。我们假设有两个量表： 暴露于危险和战争（EDC）；和目击战争的后果（WCW）。 被试包括两个分别在2009年（队列1，<i>N</i> = 276）和2013年（队列2，<i>N</i... | zh-cn |
pair_30013725 | The potential stressors associated with military deployment are related to an increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes. Perceived exposure to combat has been found to be proportional to the severity of post-deployment posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, other perceived adversities during deployment, ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | La percepción de exposición al combate ha resultado ser proporcional a la severidad del trastorno por estrés post-traumático (TEPT) posterior al despliegue militar. Sin embargo, otras adversidades percibidas durante el despliegue, tales como experimentar peligro, angustia, y dificultades en la zona de guerra, han sido ... | es |
pair_30019427 | Assessing causes of population decline is critically important to management of threatened species. Stochastic patch occupancy models (SPOMs) are popular tools for examining spatial and temporal dynamics of populations when presence-absence data in multiple habitat patches are available. We developed a Bayesian Markov ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 在濒危物种管理中, 评估种群数量下降的原因十分重要。当拥有多个斑块的物种的 “出现” 和 “缺失” 数据时, 常用随机斑块占有模型来研究种群的时空动态。我们开发了一种贝叶斯马尔可夫链的方法, 对现有的随机斑块占有模型进行了拓展, 它聚焦于在开展数据收集之前, 可能已经改变了种群占有格局的历史环境变化。利用三条溪流的加利福尼亚红腿蛙的占域数据, 我们用这个方法评估了该物种种群数量下降的两个可能原因--原地灭绝以及历史上源种群数量下降的残余影响。虽然可能导致种群数量下降的事件与首次数据收集之间的二三十年内都没有数据, 但我们还是能够区分不同的假设, 并且发现在三条溪流中有两条溪流原地灭绝的情况一度增长。由于不同的种群灭绝-定殖动态, 这... | zh-cn |
pair_30019427 | Assessing causes of population decline is critically important to management of threatened species. Stochastic patch occupancy models (SPOMs) are popular tools for examining spatial and temporal dynamics of populations when presence-absence data in multiple habitat patches are available. We developed a Bayesian Markov ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Uso de Modelos Estocásticos de Ocupación de Fragmentos de la Rana Californiana de Patas Rojas para la Inferencia Bayesiana con Respecto a Eventos Pasados y su Persistencia en el Futuro Resumen La evaluación de las causas de la declinación poblacional es de importancia crítica para el manejo de especies amenazadas. Los ... | es |
pair_30022525 | Despite repeated calls to action, proposals for urban conservation are often met with surprise or scepticism. There remains a pervasive narrative in policy, practice, and the public psyche that urban environments, although useful for engaging people with nature or providing ecosystem services, are of little conservatio... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 尽管人们一再呼吁要采取城市保护行动, 然而却常常对相关提案表示诧异或怀疑。在政策制定、实践行动和公众心理中仍存在一种普遍的认识, 即城市环境虽然有助于人们亲近自然并提供生态系统服务, 但其保护价值微乎其微。我们认为, 这种忽视城市环境保护价值的倾向来源于对本地物种在城市和乡镇间续存能力的误解, 而这反过来又阻碍了有效的保护行动。然而, 最近的科学证据表明这些种种假设并不总是成立。虽然通常情况下增加生境斑块的大小、提高其质量和连接度可以提高物种续存的可能性, 但反过来看, 并不是说退化或碎片化的小面积生境在城市环境中就毫无价值。鉴于以上发现, 我们建议更新这些指导和激励研究者、实践者和决策者采取城市环境保护行动的信息, 应考虑小尺度空... | zh-cn |
pair_30022525 | Despite repeated calls to action, proposals for urban conservation are often met with surprise or scepticism. There remains a pervasive narrative in policy, practice, and the public psyche that urban environments, although useful for engaging people with nature or providing ecosystem services, are of little conservatio... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Corrección de Ideas Erróneas para Inspirar Acciones de Conservación en Ambientes Urbanos Resumen A pesar de las repetidas llamadas a actuar, las propuestas para la conservación urbana con frecuencia se enfrentan a reacciones de sorpresa o escepticismo. Todavía existe una narrativa penetrante en la política, la práctica... | es |
pair_30022531 | Corridors are intended to increase species survival by abating landscape fragmentation resulting from the conversion of natural habitats into human-dominated matrices. Conservation scientists often rely on 1 type of corridor model, typically the least-cost model or current-flow model, to construct a linkage design, and... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 廊道的建设旨在通过减少自然生境向人造环境转变过程中所导致的景观碎片化来提高物种的生存机会。保护科学家通常依赖于一种廊道模型 (一般是最低成本模型或电流模型) 来设计廊道连接, 而他们的选择很多时候并不是根据理论或经验证据。我们开发了一个方法来实证地确认目标物种是否会在当前的景观条件下使用这两个模型设计的廊道。我们将这一方法应用于加蓬 (Gabon) 西南部两个国家公园之间甘巴城 (Gamba) 的景观。我们记录了样带上非洲丛林象 (Loxodonta cyclotis) 、森林野水牛 (Syncerus caffer nanus), 以及西部低地大猩猩 (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 和中部黑猩猩 (Pan tr... | zh-cn |
pair_30022531 | Corridors are intended to increase species survival by abating landscape fragmentation resulting from the conversion of natural habitats into human-dominated matrices. Conservation scientists often rely on 1 type of corridor model, typically the least-cost model or current-flow model, to construct a linkage design, and... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Selección Empírica entre Diseños de Menor Costo y de Flujo de Corriente para Establecer Corredores de Fauna en Gabón Resumen La intención de los corredores es incrementar la supervivencia de las especies abatiendo la fragmentación del paisaje que resulta de la conversión de los hábitats naturales en matrices dominadas ... | es |
pair_30032500 | Implantable bone-conduction devices are characterized by the fact that the vibration is transmitted through bone conduction. The technology and surgical techniques in the application of implantable bone-conduction devices have developed considerably in recent years, experiencing a transformation from percutaneous to tr... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 植入式骨导助听设备是一类通过骨传导方式来传递声音的植入式助听装置。近年来植入式骨导助听技术飞速发展，经历了由穿皮植入向经皮植入的转变。本文就植入式骨导助听设备的类型及工作原理、适应证及并发症、各类型设备的比较等方面作一综述，为其临床应用提供理论参考。. | zh-cn |
pair_30032501 | Olfactory dysfunction is defined as decrease or loss of smell perception.This review systematically summarizes classification, etiology and diagnosis progress of olfactory dysfunction, and focuses on advancement in management of olfactory dysfunction, including pharmaceutical remedy, surgical treatment as well as olfac... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 嗅觉障碍是指对气味感知能力的减退或丧失。本文系统总结嗅觉障碍的分类、病因和诊断进展，并重点阐述嗅觉治疗方面的进展，包括药物治疗、手术治疗和嗅觉训练等。糖皮质激素在嗅觉障碍的治疗中起到重要作用，柠檬酸钠、维生素A和非特异性磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(茶碱、己酮可可碱)是可能有效的治疗药物。内镜鼻窦手术对于慢性鼻-鼻窦炎引起的嗅觉障碍有不同程度的改善作用。嗅觉训练被证实对多种病因导致的嗅觉障碍有效。. | zh-cn |
pair_30032527 | Pancreatic cancer ranks the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death, while the incidence has increased in the recent years.Although available diagnosis and treatment have failed to significantly improve patients' outcome, some advances have been made along with the understanding of the new concepts from oncology ov... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 胰腺癌发病率逐年增加，位列癌症致死原因第5位。尽管胰腺癌诊治现状不容乐观，但在肿瘤学新理念的推动下其临床诊疗水平近年仍取得明显进步。中国抗癌协会胰腺癌专业委员会结合现状制定了最新版《胰腺癌综合诊治指南(2018版)》，以期规范和提高中国胰腺癌诊治水平。其内容主要包括胰腺癌的诊断和分型、分期，以外科、化疗和放疗为主的综合治疗，以及患者全程管理。本指南具有鲜明的特点，除规范了诊治策略外，还以问题导向式的章节结构对胰腺癌综合诊治中的19个热点问题予以讨论和推荐，包括：对活检和标本部位进行的选择，胰腺癌临床诊断标准的制定，肿瘤可切除性的评估，术前减黄的必要性及方式，微创手术在胰腺癌中的应用，扩大切除对手术疗效的影响，标准胰头癌根治术中是否联... | zh-cn |
pair_30032528 | Throughout the world, the related etiology, pathology, classification and typing of groin hernia, combined with the clinical practice in China, on the basis of the previous edition of the Guidelines, through the domestic more than 50 experts and scholars to discuss the consultation, completed the 'Guidelines for Diagno... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 纵观全球腹股沟疝的有关病因、病理、分类及分型，结合我的临床实际，在上一版指南的基础上，经国内50余位专家学者的共同讨论协商，完成《成人腹股沟疝诊疗指南(2018年版)》。对腹股沟疝的诊断、鉴别诊断，手术治疗等方面进行全面阐述，并指出了循证医学证据支持的观点、措施及方法。请国内有关医疗机构和同行依据临床实际参照执行。. | zh-cn |
pair_30032529 | The clinical treatment of abdominal incisional hernia is complicated, it belongs to Iatrogenic disease. It involves etiology, pathophysiology, classification and typing, surgical methods and so on. According to the clinical practice of our country in recent 4 years, on the basis of the 'Guidelines for Abdominal Wall In... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 腹壁切口疝的临床治疗是复杂的，属于医源性疾病。它涉及到病因、病理生理、分类及分型、手术方法等方面。结合我国的近4年的临床实际情况，在《腹壁切口疝诊疗指南(2014年版)》的基础上，经国内50余位专家学者的共同讨论、修订，完成了《腹壁切口疝诊断和治疗指南(2018年版)》的撰写。对定义、病因、病理生理、分类及分型、诊断、鉴别诊断，治疗等方面进行了全面更新，指出了循证医学证据支持的的观点、措施及方法。请国内有关医疗机构和同行依据临床实际参照执行。. | zh-cn |
pair_30032530 | With the rapid progress of minimally invasive spine surgery(MISS), spine surgery has entered a new historical era. The outcome of MISS technique has already been recognized. However, some problems and disputes that still exist in clinical practice are worthy of concern.Based on personal experience and literature review... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 随着脊柱外科进入新的历史时期，近年来微创脊柱外科技术获得快速发展，其疗效得到肯定。然而在临床实际中仍存在着一些值得关注的问题和争议。作者结合自身经验和认识以及相关文献，阐述了如何理解微创理念与技术、微创技术与传统技术的关系、当今微创技术的界限以及如何促进微创脊柱外科的健康发展等问题。. | zh-cn |
pair_30032538 | Undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cell(UOC) published to date, and most have been in Asia, is a rare occurrence making up 1% of all pancreatic malignancies.With the increasing number of reported cases of the disease, the degree of awareness of the disease also gradually deepened, but ther... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 合并破骨细胞样巨细胞的胰腺未分化癌(UOC)是一种罕见的胰腺肿瘤，占所有胰腺恶性肿瘤的1%，目前仍以亚洲国家发病居多。随着该疾病的报道例数逐渐增多，对此疾病的认识程度也逐渐加深，但目前很少有文献针对UOC的临床特点、影像特征、病理特点和诊疗方案及预后等多方面问题进行系统性论述。本文现就UOC的病理学特点、临床表现、辅助诊断及治疗等方面进展进行综述。. | zh-cn |
pair_30032539 | Adolescent lumbar disc herniation(ALDH) is clinically rare. Factors such as dysplasia, genetic factors, trauma, spinal sagittal aligment have been suspected as the pathogenesis of ALDH. The clinical features of ALDH are different from adult lumbar disc herniation: typical physical signs with minor complaints, higher pr... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 青少年腰椎间盘突出症(ALDH)是引起青少年腰腿痛的主要病因。发生ALDH的主要原因包括发育异常、遗传因素、外伤、脊柱矢状面状态等。ALDH与成人腰椎间盘突出症的临床特点有一定的区别，早期诊断对ALDH患者十分重要。对于不伴严重神经损伤的ALDH患者建议先行保守治疗，保守治疗无效后可考虑行手术治疗。手术方式应根据椎间盘突出的类型合理选择。. | zh-cn |
pair_30032581 | The Imperial Academy of Medicine (IAM) was the central medical administrative authority, responsible for the promulgation and implementation of national medical policies. It also was the medical educational institution that trained physicians. The imperial government isolated the physicians at the IAM from the outside ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 太医院是'掌医之政令，率其属以供医事'的中央医疗行政管理机构，也是培养人才的医学教育机构。在太医院供职的太医因与外界隔绝，故史料少有记载。经考查《爵秩全览》《大清搢绅全书》《太医院志》及清宫医药档案等资料，可勾勒出清代最后一任太医院院使张仲元的生平，包括他从最基层的医士到最高管理者院使的升迁过程，为慈禧、光绪等皇族的诊疗情况，以及他的医学主张和对太医院管理的改革等多方面的内容。通过张仲元的个案研究，可以管窥太医群体的工作生活情况。. | zh-cn |
pair_30032583 | During the early years of the People's Republic of China, sexually transmitted diseases (STD) were almost eliminated nationwide for a period. In the STDs eradication campaign, 'political correctness' became a ruling policy. During the prevention and treatment of the STDs, the choice of therapy depended on the 'politica... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 新中国成立之初，一度通过关闭妓院，建立专业队伍和发动群众等手段基本消灭了性病，取得了举世瞩目的成绩。在消灭性病运动过程中一度出现了青霉素疗法、苏联的砷铋混合疗法与中医药疗法3种疗法共存的局面。疗法之争背后的依据，除了疗效，还有政治正确。国家权力对医学实践的深入影响，医生的自主性和能动性受到了限制，医学知识与医生在强大的社会改造运动中成为政治任务的工具和执行者。. | zh-cn |
pair_30032584 | Written by Zhang Song, a physician in the Southern Song Dynasty, <i>Jiu yuan fang</i> (<i>Formulary of Exploring Cause</i>) was a lost clinical experienced formulary book. Totally 124 items of its original texts were quoted and remained in some other ancient Chinese medical books, such as <i>Fu zai wan an fang</i> (<i>... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 《究原方》是南宋医家张松撰写的一部临证集验方书，已佚。《覆载万安方》《宝庆本草折衷》《本草纲目》《普济方》等古籍文献中，引有124条该书原文。通过辑佚发现，《究原方》是目前发现最早记载玉屏风散的书籍，具有较高的文献价值和临床应用价值。. | zh-cn |
pair_30032585 | The study of the medical history of the discovery of artemisinin is divided into two stages since its achievement of international awards. Before the award, the studies were focused on historical background, discoverer, time of discovery, discovery process, methodology, key difficulties, and the disputes about artemisi... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 对青蒿素发现的医学史研究以获得国际奖项划分为2个阶段。获奖之前的研究着重于历史背景、发现者、发现时间、发现过程、方法论、关键难点，以及有关青蒿素的重要纷争及其原因。获奖之后的研究焦点有了明显的不同，除了更为翔实地研究发现过程之外，更多地是对青蒿素发现的意义、启迪、发现过程中的经验和教训、科学家群体、屠呦呦获奖的优先权、屠呦呦传记等的研究，涉及到科技传播、科技发明权、科技地理学等多个视角。在今后对青蒿素发现历史的研究中，应注意科学方法论、求异思维、直觉思维、溯因推理，以及当时特殊的社会背景、获得诺奖所引发的思考等。. | zh-cn |
pair_30034065 | Many have advocated for collaborative governance and the participation of citizens and stakeholders on the basis that it can improve the environmental outcomes of public decision making, as compared to traditional, top-down decision making. Others, however, point to the potential negative effects of participation and c... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 很多人支持合作治理和公民与利益相关方的参与, 因为与传统的自上而下地决策相比较, 它可以改善公共决策对环境的影响。然而, 另一些人指出参与和合作会对环境造成负面影响。本文通过不同文献分支识别了关于描述参与和环境结果之间因果机制的五个类群。我们将<i>（a）</i>那些描述了参与如何影响环境产出标准的机制与<i>（b）</i>那些与产出执行的机制相区别。这三个机制群聚焦于环境问题代表, 参与者的环境知识和决策过程中的对话互动。另外两个类群阐述了决策执行中接受, 冲突处理和合作网络的角色。除了这些机制, 我们将自变量与因变量相联系, 识别了何种情况下参与会导致更好的（或更坏的）环境结果。这帮助我们解决文献中的明显冲突。我们以在此研究框架... | zh-cn |
pair_30034066 | Reference to policy learning is commonplace in the public policy literature but the question of whether it qualifies as an analytical framework applicable to the policy process has yet to be systematically addressed. We therefore appraise learning as analytical framework in relation to four standards: assumptions and m... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 在公共政策文献中时常见到政策学习的参考资料, 但这样的参考资料是否能成为合格的分析框架, 应用于政策过程呢？这是还需要进行系统处理的问题。因此, 作者以四个标准评价了作为分析框架的政策学习。四个标准分别是：假设和微观基础、概念工具、可见的意义/影响, 以及规范性应用。作者发现, 政策学习达到了这四项标准, 尽管其在各项标准中的理论影响有所不同。由于本文并未发现能在任何时候都达到这些标准的政策过程理论, 结论认为, 政策学习是相当成功的, 并且值得对此领域投资智力资源。. | zh-cn |
pair_30034066 | Reference to policy learning is commonplace in the public policy literature but the question of whether it qualifies as an analytical framework applicable to the policy process has yet to be systematically addressed. We therefore appraise learning as analytical framework in relation to four standards: assumptions and m... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | La referencia al aprendizaje político es común en la literatura de la política pública, pero el interrogante de si esto califica como un marco analítico que se puede aplicar al proceso político todavía tiene que ser sistemáticamente abordado. Entonces evaluamos el aprendizaje como un marco analítico en relación con cua... | es |
pair_30037370 | Bevacizumab combined with platinum-based chemotherapy has been recommended as the first-line agent in advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without driven gene, but this regimen is not common in the second-line or later-line treatment of non-squamous NSCLC. The aim of this study is to investigate the ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 【中文题目：二线及以上应用贝伐珠单抗联合化疗治疗
晚期非鳞非小细胞肺癌的疗效及安全性观察】 【中文摘要：背景与目的 贝伐珠单抗联合含铂双药化疗被推荐为无驱动基因的晚期非鳞非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）患者的一线治疗方案，但此方案用于二线及以上非鳞NSCLC的研究并不普遍。本研究拟探讨二线及以上应用贝伐珠单抗联合化疗治疗晚期非鳞NSCLC的疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性分析郑州大学附属肿瘤医院2014年1月-2017年6月间一线治疗进展后应用贝伐珠单抗的晚期非鳞NSCLC患者的临床资料，采用Kaplan-Meier法、Log-rank检验和Cox模型进行统计分析。结果 这项研究共纳入62... | zh-cn |
pair_30037371 | So far there's no tumor maker applied in diagnosis and treatment of thymic epithelial tumors. This study is to assess the correlation between serum cytokine 19 fragment (Cyfra 21-1) and clinicopathological features and prognosis of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). The clinical data of 159 patients with TETs in Shanghai... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 【中文题目：血清细胞角蛋白19片段与胸腺肿瘤临床病理特征和预后的相关性研究】 【中文摘要：背景与目的 胸腺肿瘤中尚无肿瘤标志物的应用，本研究旨在评估血清细胞角蛋白19片段（cytokeratin 19 fragment, Cyfra 21-1）与胸腺肿瘤临床病理特征和预后的相关性。方法 回顾性分析上海市胸科医院2012年11月-2016年9月收治的159例胸腺肿瘤病例的临床资料。比较术前血清Cyfra 21-1水平在不同分期及组织学类型间的差异，研究术前及术后血清Cyfra 21-1水平与复发的关系。结果 在局部晚期（T4期）（P<0.001）、胸腺癌（P<0.001）患者中，术前血清Cyfra 21-1水平显著升高，且当术前Cyf... | zh-cn |
pair_30037373 | Due in part to remarkable advances over the past decade in our understanding of lung cancer, there is a pressing need for a revised classification. The aim of this study was to explore and verify the clinical significance of a new molecular classification of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on the basis of anatomic s... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 【中文题目：非小细胞肺癌组织起源分子病理分类
及其临床意义】 【中文摘要：背景与目的 近年来对肺癌研究的巨大发展，肺癌的病理学分类不断推陈出新。本研究旨在研究和验证非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）组织起源分子病理分类的临床价值和意义。方法 通过免疫组织化学双染法对105例肺癌标本及正常肺组织进行P63/NapsinA、TTF-1/CK7标记，结合肿瘤免疫特征、组织学特点及正常肺组织的免疫特征，提出了NSCLC组织起源分子病理分类体系，将NSCLC分为支气管上皮癌、细支气管肺泡癌、肺泡细胞癌及分泌腺癌，并分析本分类与表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor re... | zh-cn |
pair_30037374 | Lung cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of malignant diseases in China. Approximately 57% lung cancer patients harbored distant metastases at initial diagnosis which is relevant to poor outcomes. The research strategy of anti-lung cancer metastasis now has became the new treatment directions and tho... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 【中文题目：非小细胞肺癌EGFR、KRAS、ALK基因突变与不同转移器官分布的相关性研究进展】 【中文摘要：肺癌是我国恶性肿瘤的首位死亡疾病，据统计大约57%的肺癌患者就诊时已经出现了远处转移，临床预后较差。抗肺癌转移是当前治疗晚期转移性肺癌的新方向和思路。既往研究表明肿瘤的生物学改变在一定程度上能够影响肿瘤的转移行为和侵袭扩散模式，而目前的基础及临床研究尚未阐明导致肺癌相关信号转导途径中发生特异性器官转移的分子机制，有关驱动基因突变与器官转移之间相关性的研究也较为罕见。本篇综述旨在对近几年有关非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）、间变性淋巴瘤激酶（anapla... | zh-cn |
pair_30037375 | Lung cancer is one of the most important malignant tumors of human health and life in the world, and is the leading cause of death in the world. At present, it is believed that it is caused by many factors. Circular RNA (circRNA), as a class of non-coding RNA family, has covalently closed loop structure. CircRNA is abu... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 【中文题目：环状RNA与肺癌的研究进展】 【中文摘要：肺癌是目前世界上对人类健康和生命威胁最主要的恶性肿瘤之一，也是全世界目前因恶性肿瘤导致死亡的第一病因。目前认为其发生由很多因素共同作用的结果。环状RNA（circular RNA, circRNA）作为非编码RNA家族成员，具有特征性的共价闭合环结构，在各种生物中广泛表达。circRNA由于特殊的结构，具有高度的特异性、保守性和稳定性，可能在肺癌的发生发展过程中，具有潜在的临床价值。circRNA的主要功能是作为海绵吸附miRNA发挥转录调控作用，同时还具有调控可变剪接、编码蛋白等作用。目前circRNA在肺癌中的作用及机制并不是很清楚，本文就circRNA的特征、功能、作用机制... | zh-cn |
pair_30037376 | The incidence and mortality of lung cancer rank top in China. One important factor is the occurrence of metastasis. With the development of science technology, the effect of surgical treatment on lung cancer is improved. Moreover, the use of targeted therapy has achieved a new height for the treatment of lung cancer. H... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 【中文题目：非小细胞肺癌淋巴结微转移的研究进展】 【中文摘要：肺癌在我国是发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤，肿瘤发生转移是产生这种现象的重要因素。随着科学技术的发展，外科治疗对肺癌的效果有所提高。与此同时，分子靶向治疗的问世使肺癌的治疗达到了一个新的高度。但是，即使肿瘤在早期得到了完整切除，术后复发的可能性仍较高，这可能与肿瘤发生了淋巴结微转移（micrometastasis）有关。微转移逐渐成为现代医学研究的热点之一，相关的研究逐渐深入，但淋巴结微转移对肺癌手术方式的选择、病理分期及预后等方面的影响尚存在争议。本文综合论述了非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）淋巴结微转移的研究进展。
】 ... | zh-cn |
pair_30037378 | Lung cancer (LC) is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The 5-year survival rate for LC remains low at 18% and is 5% for patients with metastatic disease, while the 5-year overall survival rate of patients with stage I NSCLC can reach 77.9%, hence early diagnosis and treatmen... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 【中文题目：拉曼光谱检测技术在早期肺癌诊断方面
的研究进展】 【中文摘要：肺癌是目前世界范围内发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤，5年生存率仅18%，伴有远处转移的患者则为5%，而I期非小细胞肺癌患者5年生存率最高达77.9%，因此肺癌的早诊早治是改善预后的关键。拉曼光谱技术作为一种非侵入性的检测技术，可实现对癌变组织与正常组织之间分子水平结构差异的检测，从而可用于肺癌的早期诊断。该文综述了拉曼光谱检测技术结合不同组织或体液样本在早期肺癌诊断方面的研究进展。
】 【中文关键词：肺肿瘤；早期诊断；拉曼光谱】. | zh-cn |
pair_30037379 | Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was highly malignant and lack effective treatment after the failure of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Antiangiogenic therapy had shown a certain effect in advanced SCLC. Apatinib, a new potent oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting the intracellular domain of vascular endo... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 【中文题目：阿帕替尼用于小细胞肺癌多线治疗后的挽救治疗】 【中文摘要：小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer, SCLC）恶性程度高，在放、化疗失败后缺乏有效治疗手段，抗血管生成治疗在晚期SCLC中表现出一定的疗效。阿帕替尼是一种口服小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂，通过抑制血管内皮生长因子受体2（vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, VEGFR-2）达到抗血管生成的作用，在SCLC上的应用报道较少。本文报道了1例合并有Gilbert综合征的SCLC患者，在4线化疗失败后接受了阿帕替尼的挽救治疗，1个月后达到部分缓解（partial remission, PR），最终获... | zh-cn |
pair_34399554 | Refractory myasthenia gravis is an intractable state during treatment. The common causes of refractory treatment in most patients include: overwork, malnutrition, infections, insomnia, cognitive and emotional disorders, and so on. Only targeting the poor curative effect from the surface of the intractable state caused ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 难治性重症肌无力是治疗过程中一种难治的状态。大部分患者引起难治的常见原因有：过劳、营养不良、感染、失眠、认知和情感障碍等。仅从疗效不佳的表面看难治状态致临床决断举棋不定难胜其耦。因此甄别“难治”，既可以透过现象看本质，又可以对症下药一石二鸟。. | zh-cn |
pair_34402115 | Superficial suppurative necrolytic dermatitis (SSND) of miniature schnauzers is a rare cutaneous and visceral reaction pattern associated with shampoo. This report describes SSND in a miniature schnauzer associated with application of an imidacloprid and flumethrin collar. Histopathology was consistent with SSND. Lesio... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 迷你雪纳瑞的浅表化脓性坏死性皮炎(SSND)是一种罕见的皮肤和内脏反应模式, 与香波有关。本报告描述了一例吡虫啉和氟氯菊酯项圈用于迷你雪纳瑞引起的SSND。组织病理学与SSND一致。经甲泼尼龙和马波沙星治疗后病变消退。. | zh-cn |
pair_34402115 | Superficial suppurative necrolytic dermatitis (SSND) of miniature schnauzers is a rare cutaneous and visceral reaction pattern associated with shampoo. This report describes SSND in a miniature schnauzer associated with application of an imidacloprid and flumethrin collar. Histopathology was consistent with SSND. Lesio... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | La dermatite nécrolytique suppurative superficielle (SSND) des schnauzers miniatures est un patron réactionnel viscéral et cutané rare associé au shampooing. Cet article décrit SSND chez un schnauzer miniature associé à l’application d’un collier d’imidaclopride et de fluméthrine. L’histopathologie était compatible ave... | fr |
pair_34402115 | Superficial suppurative necrolytic dermatitis (SSND) of miniature schnauzers is a rare cutaneous and visceral reaction pattern associated with shampoo. This report describes SSND in a miniature schnauzer associated with application of an imidacloprid and flumethrin collar. Histopathology was consistent with SSND. Lesio... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Die superfizielle suppurative nekrolytische Dermatitis (SSND) des Minischnauzers stellt ein seltenes Haut- und viszerales Reaktionsmuster dar, welches mit Shampoo in Verbindung gebracht wird. Dieser Bericht beschreibt die SSND bei einem Minischnauzer in Verbindung mit einem Halsband mit den Wirkstoffen Imidacloprid und... | de |
pair_34402115 | Superficial suppurative necrolytic dermatitis (SSND) of miniature schnauzers is a rare cutaneous and visceral reaction pattern associated with shampoo. This report describes SSND in a miniature schnauzer associated with application of an imidacloprid and flumethrin collar. Histopathology was consistent with SSND. Lesio... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | A dermatite necrolítica supurativa superficial (DNSS) de schnauzers miniatura é um raro padrão reacional cutâneo e visceral associado ao uso de shampoos. Este relato descreve um caso de DNSS em um schnauzer miniatura associado à aplicação de uma coleira de imidaclorprida e flumetrina. A histopatologia foi consistente c... | pt |
pair_34402115 | Superficial suppurative necrolytic dermatitis (SSND) of miniature schnauzers is a rare cutaneous and visceral reaction pattern associated with shampoo. This report describes SSND in a miniature schnauzer associated with application of an imidacloprid and flumethrin collar. Histopathology was consistent with SSND. Lesio... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | La dermatitis necrolítica supurativa superficial (SSND) de los Schnauzer miniatura es un patrón de reacción cutánea y visceral poco común descrito en asociación con algunos champúes. Este informe describe SSND en un Schnauzer miniatura asociado con la aplicación de un collar de imidacloprid y flumetrina. La histopatolo... | es |
pair_34404122 | Just over a decade ago, it was widely accepted that intrapleural instillation of fibrinolytics was ineffective in treatment of pleural infection. Due to the accumulation of clinical study evidence, an expert team from several countries developed an international consensus and recommended that tissue plasminogen activat... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 就在十余年前，人们还普遍认为胸腔内注入纤维蛋白溶解剂（纤溶剂）治疗胸腔感染是无效的。随着临床研究证据的逐渐积累，现在国际上已经达成了共识，推荐以胸腔内同时注入纤溶剂和脱氧核糖核酸酶作为胸腔感染的初治用药，或作为外科手术后的后续治疗方案。推荐使用剂量为：组织纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂10 mg/次，2次/d；脱氧核糖核酸酶5 mg/次，2次/d。建议今后的研究重点将在于摸索出更优化的用药方案，并开发更有效的治疗药物。. | zh-cn |
pair_34404123 | Infection of pancreatic necrosis is the most frequent cause of late mortality in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Most clinical guidelines of acute pancreatitis recommended that prophylactic antibiotics should be avoided. Prophylactic antibiotics can not reduce the pancreatic infection rate or mortality in patients with... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | None | zh-cn |
pair_34404124 | Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is one of the most common acute and critical diseases. SAP is often accompanied by necrosis of the pancreas and surrounding tissues.When necrosis is co-infected, it often means high mortality. With the development of endoscopic technology, endoscopic intervention in the treatment of necr... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）是临床常见的急危重症之一，SAP常合并有胰腺及周围组织的坏死，当坏死合并感染时，往往意味着病死率明显增加。随着内镜技术的发展，通过内镜干预治疗胰腺感染性坏死取得良好疗效，具有微创、有效、安全的优势，能明显地改善SAP患者的预后。本文对于内镜治疗SAP感染性坏死的研究进展进行阐述。. | zh-cn |
pair_34404125 | Severe acute pancreatitis can induce systemic and local complications, with infectious pancreatic necrosis and sepsis leading to the second death peak. Enterogenous infection caused by intestinal failure is considered to be an important mechanism of secondary infection of pancreatic or peripancreatic necrosis. Therefor... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 重症急性胰腺炎可诱发全身和局部并发症，其中感染性胰腺坏死及脓毒症主导了第二个死亡高峰。而肠衰竭引起的肠源性感染被认为是胰腺或胰周坏死继发性感染的重要机制。因此，肠衰竭的防治是重症急性胰腺炎治疗的重要环节，对病程和预后有重要影响。应根据治疗中心的自身优势和患者的特点来选择个体化治疗方案。. | zh-cn |
pair_34404126 | Fluid resuscitation is the cornerstone in the early treatment of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). The endpoints of fluid therapy should be closely monitored early in the disease course by different methods, such as clinical status, pressure indicators, volume indicators, the maintain of microcirculation and the tissue o... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 早期液体复苏是重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）治疗的基石，液体复苏的终点需多途径、多角度评估与把握。SAP早期液体复苏需要综合临床指标、压力指标、容量指标、微循环及组织氧代谢指标等各个监测参数，动态评估容量反应性与耐受性，监测大循环及微循环的灌注状态，把握复苏的阶段性，及时调整液体的晶胶比、速度等，防止过度补液导致肺水肿、腹腔高压等并发症，以不断提高SAP早期液体复苏的有效性和安全性。. | zh-cn |
pair_34404127 | Traumatic pancreatitis(TP) is an acute non-infectious inflammation secondary to pancreatic injury.TP can be masked by analgesia or other organ damage after pancreatic injury. So it is difficult to diagnosis in the early stage, easy to missed and misdiagnosis, subsequently prone to infection of pancreatic necrosis (IPN)... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 创伤性胰腺炎（TP）是继发于胰腺损伤的一种急性非感染性炎症。TP在胰腺损伤后可因镇痛剂或其他器官损伤掩盖症状，早期诊断困难，易漏诊或误诊，后期易继发感染性胰腺坏死（IPN）。目前，TP治疗提倡阶梯式治疗策略，以微创外科为指导，兼顾多发伤救治、炎症控制、感染坏死清除等原则，贯穿胰腺损伤及IPN处理这两个重要环节。. | zh-cn |
pair_34404136 | This article discussed, in the following three aspeccts, the standing of occlusion, gnathology and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in stomatology. And meanwhile highlighted the important meanings for every stomatologists. Firstly, from the history of dentistry or stomatology, the establishment of occlusion and gnathology... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 本文从三方面论述牙合学、颌学和颞下颌关节（temporomandibular joint，TMJ）在口腔医学中的重要地位以及对口腔医师的重要性。第一，牙医学和口腔医学的发展史表明，最早正是牙合学和颌学的创建将仅为技艺活的牙匠转型为一个独立的专业和学科；第二，从牙合、颌和TMJ进化的演变过程论述牙合、颌和TMJ是现代人类之所以称为万物之灵的独特性及其在人体结构中的唯一性；第三，牙、口腔器官不仅具有咀嚼和消化功能，还具有更复杂的社会功能。因此，用口颌系统表述更有整体观念，也更有利于诊治咬合病和颞下颌关节紊乱病。本文用5个常见的医疗和医患问题说明牙合学、颌学和TMJ学的重要性，指出牙合学、颌学和TMJ学是全科及各亚专业口腔医师都必须熟练掌... | zh-cn |
pair_34404137 | Regarding the relationship between malocclusions and temporomandibular disorders (TMD), from the leading cause to one of the local biological factors, the change in the understanding of the academic community since the 1980s has affected the clinical diagnosis, treatment behavior, and the direction of scientific resear... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 关于咬合异常与颞下颌关节紊乱病（temporomandibular disorders， TMD）的关系，从主导病因到仅为局部生物学因素之一，自1980年代以来学术界的认识转变影响到临床诊治行为和研究方向。目前认为TMD致病因素为多因素，咬合因素与TMD的发生关联性较弱，但是有一些共性的咬合异常比如非工作侧牙合干扰、最大牙尖交错位和后退接触位之间过度滑动、最大牙尖交错位不稳定等可能是促进TMD发生的危险因素。行为、生物学、环境、社会认知、精神心理等因素的综合作用可以促进TMD症状的发生。在教学和临床工作中不能忽视医源性咬合创伤对促进TMD发生的风险，应重视患者的社会心理环境对疾病的影响，推荐综合治疗方法。. | zh-cn |
pair_34404138 | The plasmatrix has good biological activity, it derives from patients' themselves tissues and has no adverse reactions, thus it has been widely used in tissue regeneration. With the development of biomedicine and material science, plasmatrix have gone through different stages of development, their preparation methods, ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 血浆基质制品生物活性良好，因其来源于自身，少见不良反应，已被广泛应用于组织再生领域。随着生物医学及材料学的发展，血浆基质制品经历了不同的发展阶段，其制备方式、产物特征、生物学性能都发生了巨大变化。本文通过总结过往研究，系统介绍了血浆基质制品的发展演化历程、理论基础、产物特性及具体成分，并为其在口腔临床中的应用提供参考。. | zh-cn |
pair_34404148 | Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a unique synovial joint in mammals. There have been many reports on the structure and function of TMJ during embryonic development.Although studies on TMJ related signal molecules and transcription factors during embryonic development have been carried out since the last century, there ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 颞下颌关节（temporomandibular joint，TMJ）是哺乳动物特有的滑膜关节，在胚胎发育期的结构和功能已多有报道。尽管自20世纪就开展了胚胎发育期TMJ相关信号分子与转录因子的研究，然而与四肢滑膜关节丰富的分子调控信息相比，对TMJ的分子遗传控制信息还知之甚少。关于TMJ胚胎发育的信号分子与转录因子研究主要以啮齿类动物为主，大型哺乳动物与人类胚胎期TMJ发育相关调控分子以及它们的调控机制研究鲜有报道。为了在现代分子生物学技术的基础上发现更多、更核心的调控分子并了解其对TMJ发育的调控机制，本文对当前TMJ胚胎发育中的关键信号分子与转录因子的研究进展进行综述。. | zh-cn |
pair_34404149 | The application of bone tissue engineering regeneration technology is expected to repair maxillofacial bone tissue defects caused by tumors, trauma, etc. Surface patterning occupies an important position in bone tissue engineering. Microcontact printing is an emerging technology through which the elastic stamp contacts... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 骨组织工程再生技术有望对因肿瘤、外伤等造成的颌面部骨缺损进行修复。表面图案化在骨组织工程中占有重要地位。微接触印刷技术是一种通过弹性压模与基材接触，从而将压模上的材料转移至基材上形成图案的新兴技术，可用以转移聚合物、生物大分子等多种墨水，其最大特点在于能实现高通量、高精度的表面图案化，现已得到广泛应用。本综述归纳总结微接触印刷技术的应用及优化，并对其在骨组织工程中的应用前景进行展望。. | zh-cn |
pair_34404153 | This paper summarizes the basic principles and models of early warning for infectious disease outbreaks, introduces the early warning systems for infectious disease based on different data sources and their applications, and discusses the application potential of big data and their analysing techniques, which have been... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 本文回顾了传染病暴发或流行早期预警的基本原理和主要的预警模型，介绍了基于不同数据源的传染病预警系统及其应用；针对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间研究和应用的互联网搜索、社交媒体、人员流动等大数据及其分析方法，探讨其在传染病预警中的应用前景，以期为建立基于多源大数据的传染病智慧化预警机制和平台提供参考。. | zh-cn |
pair_34404154 | With the rapid development of Internet technology and the continuous advancement of medical informatization, big data in healthcare has gradually become an important resource to innovate health management and meet the growing health needs of people and the application of big data in healthcare has been one of the indis... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 随着互联网技术的快速发展和医疗信息化的不断推进，健康医疗大数据已逐渐成为创新健康管理、满足人民群众日益增长的健康需求的重要资源，成为国家全面实施大数据战略的重要组成部分。宁波市鄞州区通过构建健康大数据平台及大数据技术的应用，积极探索健康医疗大数据在传染病、预防接种、慢性病等疾病防控领域的防控模式创新，期望通过“互联网+健康医疗”提高区域疾病防控和健康管理水平，培育发展新业态，成为健康中国的有力支撑。本文对鄞州区的这一防控新模式的实践探索进行介绍，并对模式的初步成效进行讨论。. | zh-cn |
pair_34404155 | Domestic and foreign literatures related to the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 and the re-positive cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 were reviewed, and the characteristics and infectivity of the re-positive cases were analyzed to provide scientific evidence for the improvement of case management and the development of measures... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 针对国内外新型冠状病毒（新冠病毒）感染者排毒持久性以及复检核酸阳性者的相关研究文献进行综述，分析复检阳性者的特征与传染性，为完善病例管理与预防新冠病毒传播措施的制定提供科学依据。现有研究结果显示，新冠病毒复检阳性率范围在2.4%~19.8%之间，复检阳性时间中位数为出院后4~15 d。复检阳性后新冠病毒特异性IgM、IgG和IgA抗体血清阳性率分别为11.11%~86.08%、52.00%~100.00%、61.54%~100.00%；总抗体和中和抗体的血清阳性率分别为98.72%和88.46%。复检阳性后病毒载量低于初次感染时的病毒载量。目前，全球至少报告了3 380例复检阳性者，有3例复检阳性者（1例免疫缺陷病例和2例肺部影像学... | zh-cn |
pair_34404156 | Cervical cancer can be eliminated through primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Yet it remains one of the gravest threats to women's lives worldwide. In November 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially launched the global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer, and underlined that... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 宫颈癌是严重威胁全球女性健康的恶性肿瘤之一，也是目前唯一可通过三级预防措施予以消除的恶性肿瘤。2020年11月，“加速消除宫颈癌全球战略”正式启动，针对宫颈癌前病变的筛查和治疗是消除宫颈癌的关键举措。2021年7月，世界卫生组织（WHO）发布《预防宫颈癌：WHO宫颈癌前病变筛查和治疗指南（第二版）》，为全球各国宫颈癌消除战略的制定提供重要方向和指导。本文将从指南制定方法学、指南中关于宫颈癌筛查和治疗策略方面的推荐/良好实践声明（包括筛查起止年龄、筛查方法、筛查间隔、筛查异常人群管理及癌前病变治疗等）以及指南的国际影响等方面进行解读，为我国宫颈癌防控指南的更新和相关策略的制定提供参考。. | zh-cn |
pair_34404162 | Pathological scars cause both local physical discomforts and mental disorders for patients. With the development of research, botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been gradually used in the clinical treatment of scars. This article summarizes three potential mechanisms of BTX-A, including early tension reduction, inhibit... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 病理性瘢痕不仅会引起局部躯体不适，更会对患者的心理产生影响。随着研究的深入，目前A型肉毒毒素（BTX-A）已被逐渐应用于瘢痕的临床治疗。本文归纳了BTX-A在瘢痕治疗中早期减张、抑制结缔组织增生、减轻皮肤炎症这3种作用机制，并总结了其在不同类型瘢痕治疗中的临床应用。但目前尚未对BTX-A注射治疗瘢痕的时间、方式及配比制订统一标准，并缺乏长期随访结果，未来需更深入探讨，以明确BTX-A抑制瘢痕的机制，并制订统一的BTX-A注射治疗标准，为瘢痕提供更有效的治疗方案。. | zh-cn |
pair_34404168 | Precision medicine using computer navigation assisted technology fully demonstrates its abilities in the field of bone tumor surgery. Such techniques help surgeons improve their preoperative plans and make precision partial tumor resection more feasible. Compared with traditional surgery, it boasts lower rate of tumor ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 计算机导航辅助技术的精准治疗优势在骨肿瘤外科领域得到充分展现，可以帮助术者完善术前计划，使肿瘤局部精准切除更具可行性，与传统手术相比有效降低肿瘤复发率，同时有助于精准实施骨结构重建，使患者获得更好的肢体功能，具有重要的临床意义。本文回顾了近20年来计算机导航辅助技术在骨肿瘤外科的应用历程，并结合自身临床实践体会，探讨计算机导航辅助外科技术的优势及局限性，旨在为其进一步发展提供参考。. | zh-cn |
pair_34404169 | With the recent advances in tumor treatments,the prognosis of patients with malignancies have been greatly improved.The strategy of surgical treatments for spinal metastases has drawn wide attention.Compared with traditional open surgery,minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) results in similar outcomes,less trauma an... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 随着诊疗水平的提高，恶性肿瘤患者的生存质量及预后大大改善，脊柱转移性肿瘤患者的手术治疗策略受到广泛关注。微创脊柱手术（MISS）与传统开放手术相比，治疗效果相似，创伤更小，康复时间更短。对于脊柱转移性肿瘤患者，更短的康复时间有助于早期开展术后放疗，从而达到更满意的肿瘤控制效果。本文从MISS的概念、手术目的、适应证、术式选择等方面对其在脊柱转移性肿瘤治疗中的应用进行探讨，以为临床实践提供参考。. | zh-cn |
pair_34404179 | The mechanism of osteoarthritis is still not completely clear,the current treatment can not effectively prevent the disease from progressing.In order to study osteoarthritis,researchers have developed various models,including <i>in vitro</i> models (two-dimension and three-dimension cell culture models and bioreactor c... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | None | zh-cn |
pair_34404180 | In the past,treatment of acute ilio-femoral deep vein thrombosis (IFDVT) was mainly based on anticoagulation alone,but 30%-50% of patients will develop post-thrombotic syndrome,causing a serious medical burden.Thrombus removal technology such as catheter-directed thrombolysis and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy ca... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 急性髂股静脉血栓（IFDVT）的治疗曾以单纯抗凝为主，但有30%~50%的患者会发展为血栓后综合征，造成沉重的医疗负担。导管接触性溶栓、经皮机械血栓清除等血栓清除技术可有效清除血栓，弥补了单纯抗凝的不足，有望降低PTS的发生率，但目前相关证据仍不足。其他方法如滤器植入和压力治疗的效果亦存在一定争议。本文总结了急性IFDVT的治疗策略和最新研究进展，希望对临床治疗有所帮助。. | zh-cn |
pair_34405407 | Barriers facing effective science-to-practice translation have led scholars to conduct early-stage intervention research within community organizations. We describe our experiences developing a manualized parent-youth attachment-based group therapy intervention within a community health organization dedicated to servin... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 科学到实践的有效转化所面临的障碍牵引着学者们在社区组织内进行早期干预研究。本研究描述了我们在一个致力于为低收入拉美移民家庭服务的社区健康组织--拉丁裔健康通道（LHA）内开发基于父母-青年依恋的团体治疗手册式的干预措施的经验。在这个组织中，服务由训练有素的社区工作人员(推广人员)提供。通过对这一学术-社区合作伙伴关系的所有成员(研究[首席研究员，学生研究人员]和社区机构团队成员[行政人员，推广人员])的访谈进行定性分析，我们讨论了这一合作带来的挑战和机遇。研究结果促使研究团队和社区团队对支撑科学与实践结合的基本技能、价值观和态度的假设提出质疑。文中将分享有助于促进利益相关者之间的联系和理解的见解，以及为支持发展社区干预措施的进展和成... | zh-cn |
pair_34405407 | Barriers facing effective science-to-practice translation have led scholars to conduct early-stage intervention research within community organizations. We describe our experiences developing a manualized parent-youth attachment-based group therapy intervention within a community health organization dedicated to servin... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Los obstáculos que enfrenta el traslado eficaz de la ciencia a la práctica han conducido a los investigadores a realizar investigaciones en etapas iniciales de las intervenciones dentro de las organizaciones comunitarias. Describimos nuestras experiencias con el desarrollo de una intervención estandarizada de terapia g... | es |
pair_34405453 | Invasive non-native species are important drivers of ecosystem change, yet the driving forces of biological invasions themselves are poorly understood. Such information is essential to ensure policies focus on the most relevant drivers, and that future scenarios capture the full range of potential outcomes for invasive... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 外来入侵物种是生态系统变化的重要驱动因素, 但人们对生物入侵本身的驱动因素却知之甚少。这些信息对于确保政策聚焦于关键驱动因素, 以及确保未来情景能够将外来入侵物种的全部潜在结果纳入考虑都至关重要。本研究对 2000 年至 2020 年发表的相关文献进行了文献计量分析, 这些文章涉及外来入侵物种或生物多样性和生态系统服务, 并且提到了生态系统变化的一个或多个驱动因素。这些因素包括 5 个间接驱动因素 (人口、经济、治理、社会文化、技术) 和 6 个直接驱动因素 (气候变化、外来入侵物种、土地利用或海洋利用变化、自然灾害、污染、资源开采) 。研究者利用 Web of Science 核心引文索引集, 检索了文章标题及关键词, 并获得了 ... | zh-cn |
pair_34405453 | Invasive non-native species are important drivers of ecosystem change, yet the driving forces of biological invasions themselves are poorly understood. Such information is essential to ensure policies focus on the most relevant drivers, and that future scenarios capture the full range of potential outcomes for invasive... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Importancia de un Mayor Enfoque Geográfico e Interdisciplinario al Abordar las Causas detrás de las Invasiones Biológicas Resumen Las especies invasoras no nativas son causas importantes de los cambios en el ecosistema; sin embargo, las mismas causas de las invasiones biológicas no se entienden claramente. Dicha inform... | es |
pair_34405462 | Conservation science deals with crises and supports policy interventions devised to mitigate highly uncertain threats that pose irreversible harm. When conventional policy tools, such as quantitative risk assessments, are insufficient, the precautionary principle provides a practical framework and range of robust heuri... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 保护科学是一门处理危机的学科, 该学科支持政策干预以减轻构成不可逆转损害的高度不确定的威胁。当定量风险评估等传统政策工具存在不足时, 预防性原则可以提供实践框架和一系列稳健的启发式方法。然而, 预警机制在许多政策领域却常常遭到抵制, 特别是那些涉及强大自身利益的领域, 而科学界的特权结构和竞争性个人主义更是加剧了这种阻力。本文描述了保护科学中产生这种阻力的主要驱动力和影响, 包括在存在不确定性的情况下失去严谨性, 危机应对能力减弱, 以及保护政治中特权利益的进一步强化。我们建议公开承认科学界内部权力施加的压力; 更深入地认识不确定情况下预防性原则的价值; 制定措施来抵制竞争性个人主义; 支持盲审、开放科学和数据共享; 以及从多学科层... | zh-cn |
pair_34405462 | Conservation science deals with crises and supports policy interventions devised to mitigate highly uncertain threats that pose irreversible harm. When conventional policy tools, such as quantitative risk assessments, are insufficient, the precautionary principle provides a practical framework and range of robust heuri... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Fortalecimiento de las Ciencias de la Conservación como Disciplinas de Crisis Resumen Las ciencias de la conservación tratan con crisis y respaldan a muchas intervenciones políticas para mitigar las amenazas altamente inciertas que representan un daño irreversible. El principio de precaución proporciona un marco prácti... | es |
pair_34407224 | The current COVID-19 pandemic is a challenging time for postpartum mothers, and associated challenges may have a negative impact on their parenting and, consequently, on mother-infant bonding. This study aimed to longitudinally explore whether mothers' self-compassion was associated with mother-infant bonding and wheth... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 研究简介:当前的COVID-19大流行对产后母亲来说是一个充满挑战的时期, 相关的挑战可能会对她们的育儿方式产生负面影响, 从而影响母婴关系。研究目的:本研究旨在纵向探讨母亲的自我同情是否与母婴关系有关, 以及这种关系是否由正念育儿和育儿压力介导。研究方法:在第一波COVID-19大流行期间 (T1:2020年4月至5月;T2:2020年6月至7月) , 共有125名0至12个月婴儿的葡萄牙裔母亲在两个评估点完成了一项在线调查。这项调查包括一些评估问卷, 涉及社会人口统计、临床和COVID-19信息;自我同情;正念育儿;育儿压力;以及母婴关系。研究结果:与T1相比, 母亲在T2时表现出更高水平的自我同情、更少受损的母婴关系以及更低水... | zh-cn |
pair_34407224 | The current COVID-19 pandemic is a challenging time for postpartum mothers, and associated challenges may have a negative impact on their parenting and, consequently, on mother-infant bonding. This study aimed to longitudinally explore whether mothers' self-compassion was associated with mother-infant bonding and wheth... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | La pandémie du covid-19 actuelle est difficile pour les mères postpartum, et les défis qui y sont liées peuvent avoir un impact négatif sur leur parentage et par conséquent sur le lien mère-nourrisson. But: Cette étude s'est donné pour but d'explorer de manière longitudinale si l'auto-compassion des mères était liée au... | fr |
pair_34407224 | The current COVID-19 pandemic is a challenging time for postpartum mothers, and associated challenges may have a negative impact on their parenting and, consequently, on mother-infant bonding. This study aimed to longitudinally explore whether mothers' self-compassion was associated with mother-infant bonding and wheth... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Die Rolle von mütterlichem Selbstmitgefühl in der Mutter-Säuglings-Bindung während der COVID-19-Pandemie: Eine Längsschnittstudie zur mediierenden Rolle von achtsamer Elternschaft und elterlichem Stress in der postpartalen Phase Einleitung: Die aktuelle COVID-19-Pandemie ist eine herausfordernde Zeit für postpartale Mü... | de |
pair_34407224 | The current COVID-19 pandemic is a challenging time for postpartum mothers, and associated challenges may have a negative impact on their parenting and, consequently, on mother-infant bonding. This study aimed to longitudinally explore whether mothers' self-compassion was associated with mother-infant bonding and wheth... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Introducción: La actual pandemia de COVID-19 es época de retos para madres en el período posterior al parto, y los respectivos retos pudieran tener un impacto negativo en su acercamiento a la crianza y, consecuentemente, en la relación afectiva madre-infante. Propósito: Este estudio se propuso explorar longitudinalment... | es |
pair_34407573 | Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are relatively rare clinical diseases, accounting for about 4%-5% of all primary pancreatic tumors, and 60% of patients had had distant metastases when pNENs were diagnosed, with liver being the most frequently involved metastatic organ. Currently, treatment options for pNENs... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤（pNENs）是临床上相对少见的疾病，占全部胰腺原发肿瘤的4%~5%，而60%的患者在pNENs确诊时已出现远处转移，并且肝脏是最常累及的转移脏器。现阶段，pNENs肝转移的主要治疗手段包括手术治疗、局部栓塞与消融、化疗，以依维莫司及贝伐单抗为代表的靶向治疗，生长抑素受体治疗与免疫治疗等等；然而，如何针对所处疾病不同阶段的患者进行准确病情评估并合理选择上述治疗手段、最优化治疗效果是研究的热点与难点。多元饱和治疗理念作为最近由笔者提出的智能医学时代新的肿瘤治疗理念，利用人工智能技术整合现有肿瘤治疗手段，结合患者个体异质性，在肿瘤治疗的不同阶段利用人工智能的深度学习技术准确评估病情，预测相应治疗可能的反应性，并且借机器... | zh-cn |
pair_34407574 | The number of patients suffering from both dry eye and mental disorders (especially anxiety and depression) has risen rapidly in ophthalmic clinics. However, the mental disorders related dry eye has not received enough attention. At present, it lacks related information of basic data, and there is no standard for the c... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 眼科门诊中，同时罹患干眼和精神障碍（尤其是焦虑、抑郁）的患者逐年增加，但是精神障碍相关性干眼并未得到足够的关注，目前仍然缺乏相关的基础数据和临床诊疗标准。本文以精神障碍相关性干眼的临床诊疗和基础研究现状为背景，从目前临床上关于精神障碍相关性干眼亟待解决的主要问题入手，明确要重视精神因素在干眼发病过程中的作用，提出大力加强精神障碍相关性干眼的基础和临床研究，制定临床诊疗规范，以期提高我国精神障碍相关性干眼的临床诊疗水平。. | zh-cn |
pair_34407583 | The clinical data of 18 patients with biopsy-proven IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD) in Peking University First Hospital from Jananuary 2012 to Jananuary 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The prevalence of elevated IgG4 and hypocomplement C3 were commonly found. Acute kidney disease accounted for 9 cases. Patho... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 回顾性分析2012年1月至2017年1月北京大学第一医院18例经肾病理确诊为IgG4相关性肾病（IgG4-RKD）患者的特点和预后。患者血IgG4升高和低补体C3血症常见，其中9例符合急性肾病诊断，IgG4相关肾小管间质炎伴新月体肾炎3例，伴膜性肾病共2例。红细胞沉降率>60 mm/1 h的患者，肾小管间质急性损伤评分较高；免疫抑制治疗可使患者肾功能改善，其中3例复发。可见IgG4-RKD合并肾小球病不少见，应及时行肾病理评估。. | zh-cn |
pair_34407584 | Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) has now become one of the optimal surgical choices for early invasive breast cancer. The pathological diagnosis of margin in breast-conserving specimen is very important. There is no acknowledge on the approaches of pathological biopsy and safety margin diagnosis of breast conserving sur... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 保乳手术是早期乳腺癌治疗的重要手段之一。保乳手术标本的病理取材、安全切缘的病理诊断至关重要。目前，关于保乳手术切除标本的病理取材方法和癌阴性切缘诊断标准尚未统一。通过与美国MD Anderson癌症中心的保乳手术标本取材和诊断方法进行比较分析，总结了天津医科大学肿瘤医院乳腺病理科对早期乳腺癌保乳手术标本的病理取材和诊断方法，旨在从病理角度探讨如何准确反映保乳手术切缘的情况，为保乳手术的成功保驾护航。. | zh-cn |
pair_34408316 | Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the leading cause of blindness in patients with DM. In the pathogenesis of DR, chronic hyperglycemia leads to biochemical and structural alterations in retinal blood vessels' wall, resulting in hyperpermeability and no... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 摘要: 糖尿病视网膜病变 (DR) 是糖尿病 (DM) 最常见的微血管并发症, 也是DM患者致盲的主要原因。在DR的发病机制中, 慢性高血糖会引起视网膜血管壁的生化和结构发生改变, 并导致高渗和无灌注。由于血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF) 在DR的发病机制中起着重要作用, 本文综述了玻璃体内抗VEGF药物对DR患者视网膜非灌注区的影响。根据现有文献, 抗VEGF药物已被证明可以改善DR的严重程度, 但仍不能逆转视网膜缺血。目前已发表的研究结果存在争议, 并根据视网膜无灌注的位置以及用于评估视网膜无灌注的成像方式而有所不同。在黄斑区无灌注的病例中, 大多数研究报道了玻璃体内抗VEGF药物治疗后的DR患者, 其眼底荧光素血管造影(FFA)... | zh-cn |
pair_34409791 | Malocclusion is one of the three most common oral diseases reported by World Health Organization (WHO). In China, its incidence rate is rising. Malocclusion seriously affects the dental and maxillofacial function, facial appearance and growth development of nearly 260 million children in China, and what is more, it aff... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 错牙合畸形是世界卫生组织公布的口腔三大疾病之一，其发病率在我国有升高的趋势，严重影响我国近2.6亿儿童牙颌面功能、颜面美观及生长发育，甚至影响儿童全身及心理健康发育。错牙合畸形发生涉及遗传及环境因素，早期矫治创建良好的牙颌面生长环境，纠正异常牙颌面生长、控制异常遗传因素，能有效地降低儿童错牙合畸形的发病率，维护我国儿童身心健康，这是我国社会经济发展的迫切需要，具有重大的现实和社会意义。中国国家卫生健康委医院管理研究所“儿童早期矫治规范化诊疗项目”专家组撰写“中国儿童错牙合畸形早期矫治专家共识”，旨在引导和普及我国儿童早期矫治临床治疗，促进我国儿童早期矫治理论与临床水平的提高，加速我国儿童早期矫治专业发展。共识阐述了错牙合畸形的危害性... | zh-cn |
pair_34409792 | The tilted implantation technique is characterized by placing the implant at an angle of more than 15° and less than 45° from the horizontal plane. This technique can avoid damaging the maxillary sinus, inferior alveolar nerve, nasal base, and other anatomical structures when the height of the upper and lower jaw avail... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 倾斜植入技术是指当上、下颌可用骨高度不足时，为避让上颌窦、下牙槽神经、鼻底等解剖结构，采取与水平面呈超过15º、小于45º角度植入种植体，最大限度地利用可用骨，避免大范围骨增量的种植方法。牙列缺失患者常存在骨量不足，倾斜种植技术减小了患者的手术创伤，增加了即刻修复的可能性，缩短了患者的治疗周期，在临床中的应用日益广泛。本文对牙列缺失患者临床常用倾斜种植技术的适用范围、设计要素、设计方案及并发症作以阐述。. | zh-cn |
pair_34409793 | The correct implant site design and placement are the basic clinical techniques that must be known for implant restoration. For a long time, most implants have been placed by free hands, and the choice of site is mostly dependent on the accumulation of long-term experience of the surgeon. The selection of implant site ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 正确的种植位点设计和精准的临床实施是种植修复的基本临床技术。长期以来种植手术大多以徒手植入为主，位点的选择多依赖于术者长期经验的累积，这种经验类比逻辑引导下的种植位点选择，往往随着术者经验水平高低和偶然误差大小而发生偏差，极易产生不正确种植位点及其相关的并发症。与此不同，基于修复导向下的种植理念出现了采用数字引导和实测核查的数字化临床方案，其标志着精准的且可实测核查的引导式种植修复形成。而从数据测量的四要素构成要件看，数字化种植修复依赖的数值要求来源存疑、测量要素不全、数据真伪难辨。为了深刻理解数字化修复、引导式种植以及种植实测技术的演化，本文将对种植修复中的数值要求展开追问，并进行了初步论证，提出了针对正确位点和修复空间数值要求的... | zh-cn |
pair_34409807 | Long-term missing teeth can lead to alveolar bone loss in the edentulous area. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a bone augmentation method. It is widely used in clinical practice and broadens the indications of orthodontic treatment to a certain extent. This article reports a case of an adult patient with edentulous s... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 个别牙长期缺失会导致缺牙区牙槽骨丧失，引导骨再生术（GBR）是骨增量的一种方法，临床应用广泛，一定程度上拓宽了正畸治疗的适应证。本文报告1例正畸治疗结合GBR关闭上颌中切牙缺失间隙的成年患者病例，为今后临床工作提供参考。. | zh-cn |
pair_34409808 | Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disease with reduced systemic metabolism, but the initial diagnosis is rare in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Due to the nonspecific symptoms, it is easy to be misdiagnosed and missed diagnosis which results in serious consequences. This paper presents a case of severe hypothyroidi... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 甲状腺功能减退症是一种常见的全身代谢减低的内分泌疾病，初诊很少发生在口腔颌面外科。因其症状无特异性，临床上极易漏诊、误诊，从而造成严重后果。本文报道1例以呼吸道阻塞、颌面部肿胀、贫血和双足水肿为主要特征的正颌术后严重甲状腺功能减退症病例，并结合文献，探讨甲状腺功能减退症的危险因素、临床表现、诊断及治疗。. | zh-cn |
pair_34410047 | Viruses can be transmitted from animals to humans (and vice versa) and across animal species. As such, host-virus interactions and transmission have attracted considerable attention. Non-human primates (NHPs), our closest evolutionary relatives, are susceptible to human viruses and certain pathogens are known to circul... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 病毒可以从动物传染给人类，反之亦然；同时也可以在动物之间传播。这引起了公众对宿主与病毒的相互作用和病毒传播方式的关注。非人灵长类动物作为人类的演化近亲，易受人类病毒的影响，而且已知有多种病原体在人类和非人灵长类之间传播。我们基于文献搜索和公共数据挖掘，对全球范围已报道的非人灵长类动物的病毒感染情况进行了统计分析。数据显示，12个科的140种非人灵长类物种被186种DNA和RNA病毒感染，其中68.8%的病毒也在人类中发现，这表明病毒跨越物种边界传播的潜在风险很大。非人灵长类和病毒相互作用的网络分析表明，2种类人猿（<i>Pan troglodytes</i>和<i>Pongo pygmaeus</i>）和8种旧大陆猴（<i>Maca... | zh-cn |
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