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pair_30420586 | Sleeve gastrectomy(SG) is a popular bariatric surgery procedure with rare but dreaded complications. Although drain amylase levels are a reliable early predictor of anastomosis leakage in oesophagectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy, for SG have not yet been studied. We aimed to monitor drain amylase levels to ascertain their applicability for early diagnosis of gastric leakage in SG. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group A: only laparotomy and abdominal drain; Group B: laparotomy, SG, and drain; Group C: laparotomy, SG with fistula,and drain. On postoperative days 0,1,2,3, and 4, drain lavage samples were collected to measure amylase. Groups were compared in pairs. Preoperative weights were not significantly different in any comparison. On postoperative days 0,1,2,3, and 4, drain amylase levels were found to be significantly lower in Group A than in Group B as well as in Group A than in Group C but were significantly higher in Group C than in Group B. For postoperative day 1, a receiver operating characteristic curve was done. Drain amylase levels over 1514 IU were statistically significant for leakage. Drain amylase levels were significantly high in sleeve gastrectomy with fistula. This indicates that drain amylase level monitoring might be an easy and cheap alternative for determining staple-line leakage for high risk patients with Body Mass Index(BMI)>50kg/m2 in whom we cannot use radiological imaging. Animal Experimental Study, Bariatric Surgery, Drain amylase, Sleeve gastrectomy, Staple-line leakage. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La sleeve gastrectomy (SG) è una procedura di chirurgia bariatrica molto diffusa, gravata con rare ma pericolore complicazioni. Sebbene i livelli di amilasi dal drenaggio rappresentano un affidabile undicatore precoce di deiscenza dell’anastomosi nell’esofagectomia e nella pancreaticoduodenectomia, ciò non è stato studiato nella SG. Ci siamo proposti di monitorare sperimentalmente il livello dell’amilasi dal drenaggio per accertare l’utilizzazione nella diagnosi precoce di deiscenza nella SG. 24 ratti sono stati divisi a random in tre gruppi. GruppoA: ratti sottoposti a semplice laparotomia e drenaggio. Gruppo B: laparotomia, SG e drenaggio. Gruppo C: laparotomia, SG con fistola e drenaggio. Nei giorni postintervento 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4 sono stati effettuati con lavaggio prelievi dai drenaggio per la misurazione dell’amilasi. I gruppi sono stati paragonati a coppia. Il peso preoperatorio dei ratti non ha presentato differenzxe significative in tutti i confronti. I livelli di amilasi dai drenaggio nei giorni postopeatori 0, 1,2,3,4 sono risultati significativamente inferiori nel Gruppo A rispetto al Gruppo B, ad analogamente nel Gruppo A rispetto al Gruppo C, ma sono risultati più elevati nel Gruppo C rispetto al Gruppo B. Nel primo giorno postoperatorio è stata eseguita una curva di caratteristica operativa (ROC). I livelli di amilasi superiori alle 1514 IU sono stati statisticamente indicatori significativi della deiscenza. In conclusionne i livelli di amilasi dai drenaggi risultano più elevati nella SG con fistola, indicando che il loro monitoraggio può rappresentare una facile ed economica alternativa per individuare una deiscenza della linea anastomotica in pazienti ad alto rischio, con BMI > 50 kg m2 in cui non è realizzabile l’imaging radiologica. | it |
pair_32208382 | We describe an unusual case of giant intramuscular abdominal endometrioma clinically misdiagnosed as desmoid tumour in a 36-year-old female patient with a one-year history of lower abdominal pain. Endometriosis is defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, associated with fibrosis and inflammatory reaction. Although the abdominal wall is one of the most frequent sites of extra pelvic endometriosis, the localization in the anterior rectus abdominis muscle is unusual and associated with previous cesarean section. In most cases, the preoperative diagnosis is erroneous because the different imaging modalities are nonspecific but only useful in determining the extent of disease and in the planning of operative resection. A better acquaintance with the imaging presentation of abdominal wall endometriosis holds the potential of positively impact disease confirmation and may play a crucial role in the face of innovation in treatment. KEY WORDS: Desmoid tumour, Endometrioma, Surgery. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Descriviamo un caso insolito di un grande endometrioma addominale intramuscolare, diagnosticato inizialmente come tumore desmoide, in una paziente di 36 anni con una storia di un anno di dolore addominale nei quadranti inferiori, parzialmente alleviato dall’assunzione di analgesici. Sebbene la parete addominale sia uno dei siti più frequenti di endometriosi, la localizzazione nel muscolo retto anteriore dell’addome è comunque insolita. Gli impianti endometriosici sono generalmente incorporati nello strato adiposo sottocutaneo ed eccezionalmente nei muscoli della parete addominale vicino al sito delle cicatrici chirurgiche (endometriosi cicatriziale). La diagnosi differenziale può includere una varietà di condizioni come ernie, lipomi, neoplasie primarie o metastatiche e tumori desmoidi che crescono attraverso l’aponeurosi muscolare. Nella maggior parte dei casi, la diagnosi preoperatoria è fuorviante perché le diverse modalità di imaging sono aspecifiche e non consentono di diagnosticare la vera natura istologica della lesione, sebbene siano utili nel determinare l’estensione del tessuto patologico e per la pianificazione della resezione da effettuare, specialmente nel caso di lesioni di grandi dimensioni. Una migliore conoscenza degli aspetti di imaging dell’endometriosi della parete addominale ha il vantaggio di consentire una più facile conferma diagnostica preoperatoria e può svolgere un ruolo cruciale di fronte alla possibilità di scelta di un trattamento chirurgico o minimamente invasivo come crioablazione percutanea e ablazione con radiofrequenza. | it |
pair_32213685 | We aimed to evaluate; (i) the accuracy of ultrasonography (US), contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) for detection of axillary lymph node metastases (ALNMs), (ii) the role of late prone imaging, and (iii) the effect of PET/CT on preoperative staging of breast cancer. From June 2015 to January 2019, 236 breast cancer patients were preoperatively exam ined using US, cMRI, and PET/CT and whom underwent pathological evaluations of axillary lymph nodes were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy (ACC) of US, cMRI, and PET/CT for ALNMs were determined. There were 235 female and one male in our study. The mean age was 55,6±11,3 years. Of 158 patients who were histopathologically evaluated, 85 patients (36%) were negative and 73 patients (30.9%) were positive for ALNMs. The remaining 78 patients who were only radiologically evaluated with US and/or cMRI, 24 patients (10.2%) were negative and 54 patients (22.9%) were positive for ALNMs. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and ACC of PET/CT were 80.0%, 92.2%, 92.0%, 80.3%, and 85.7%, re spectively. The axillary lymph node, which was suspicious in supine imaging, remained in the suspicious group again in prone imaging in PET/CT. There is no single absolute modality for de tecting ALNMs in breast cancers to replace sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection. If ALNM is suspected based on PET/CT, axillary lymph node dissection without sentinel lymph node biopsy might be a better option because it is related to high possibilities of ALNM. Axillary lymph node metastasis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Ultrasonography, 18F-FDG PET/CT. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Lo scopo di questo studio è quello di valutare: (i) l’accuratezza dell’ecografia (US), della risonanza magnetica potenziata con contrasto (cMRI) e della 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) per l’individuazione di metastasi linfonodali ascellari (ALNM); (ii) il ruolo dell’imaging tardiva in posizione prona e (iii) l’effetto della PET / TC sulla stadiazione preoperatoria del carcinoma mammario. Sono stati esaminati preoperatoriamente 236 pazienti con carcinoma mammario nell’intervallo tra giugno 2015 e gennaio 2019, utilizzando US, cMRI e PET / CT e quindi al controllo istopatologico dei linfonodi ascellari. Sono stati determinati la sensibilità, la specificità, il valore predittivo positivo (PPV), il valore predittivo negativo (NPV) e l’accuratezza (ACC) di US, cMRI e PET / CT per ALNM. Lo studio è stato effettuato su 235 donne e un uomo. L’età media era di 55,6±11,3 anni. Dei 158 pazienti valutati istopatologicamente, 85 (36%) erano negativi e 73 (30,9%) positivi per ALNM. I rimanenti 78 pazienti che sono stati valutati solo radiologicamente con US e / o cMRI: 24 pazienti (10,2%) erano negativi e 54 (22,9%) erano positivi per ALNM. La sensibilità, specificità, PPV, NPV e ACC di PET / CT erano rispettivamente 80,0%, 92,2%, 92,0%, 80,3% e 85,7%. Il linfonodo ascellare, che era sospetto nell’imaging supino, rimase di nuovo nel gruppo sospetto nell’imaging PET / CT nella stessa posizione. Possiamo concludere che non esiste un’unica modalità assoluta per l’individuazione di ALNM nei tumori al seno in sostituzione della biopsia del linfonodo sentinella o della dissezione linfonodale ascellare. Se si sospetta presenza di ALNM sulla base di PET / CT, la dissezione dei linfonodi ascellari senza biopsia del linfonodo sentinella potrebbe essere un’opzione migliore perché è correlata alle elevate possibilità dell’esistenza di ALNM. | it |
pair_32213686 | In patients with colorectal cancer an accurate diagnostic work-up is mandatory in order to perform the most specific treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the accuracy of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) for detection of regional lymph node metastases (RLNMs) and the additional value of PET/CT in the preoperative staging of colorectal cancer. From June 2015 to May 2018, 72 colorectal cancer patients were preoperatively examined using CT, MRI, and PET/CT. Histopathological examination of regional lymph nodes were performed in 53 patients who underwent colorectal surgery. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy (ACC) of CT, MRI, and PET/CT for RLNMs, and the additional value of PET/CT in distant metastases were determined. There were 44 male and 28 female in our study. The mean age was 61±11 years. Histopathologically, 27 patients (51%) were negative and 26 patients (49%) were positive for RLNMs. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and ACC of PET/CT were 88.5%, 59.3%, 67.6%, 84.2%, and 73.6%, respectively. PET/CT changed the patient management with diagnostic contribution to the suspicious lesions identified by radiological imaging modalities. PET/CT is a useful tool in the evaluation of colorectal cancer, and it allows to metabolically characterize undetermined lesions suspected for recurrence of disease, to perform a complete pre-surgical staging and to identify occult metastatic disease. PET/CT should be considered an essential diagnostic tool in the management of patients with colorectal cancer, especially in the preoperative staging. Colorectal Cancer, Computed tomography, Magnetic resonance imaging, Positron emission tomography. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Nei pazienti con carcinoma del colon-retto è necessario un accurato lavoro diagnostico per eseguire il trattamento più specifico. In questo studio, abbiamo mirato a valutare l’accuratezza della tomografia computerizzata (CT), imaging a risonanza magnetica (MRI) e 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT per il rilevamento di metastasi linfonodali regionali (RLNM) e il valore aggiuntivo di PET/CT nella stadiazione preoperatoria del carcinoma del colon-retto. Tra giugno 2015 e maggio 2018 sono stati esaminati prima dell’intervento 72 pazienti con carcinoma del colonretto mediante TC, risonanza magnetica e PET/CT. L’esame istopatologico dei linfonodi regionali è stato eseguito in 53 pazienti sottoposti a chirurgia colorettale. Sono stati determinati la sensibilità, la specificità, il valore predittivo positivo (PPV), il valore predittivo negativo (NPV) e l’accuratezza (ACC) di CT, MRI e PET/CT per RLNM e il valore aggiuntivo di PET/CT in metastasi a distanza. La casistica esaminata comprendeva 44 uomini e 28 donne, dell’età media di 61 ± 11 anni. Istopatologicamente, 27 pazienti (51%) sono risultati negativi e 26 pazienti (49%) positivi per RLNM. La sensibilità, specificità, PPV, NPV e ACC di PET / CT erano rispettivamente dell’88,5%, del 59,3%, del 67,6%, dell’84,2% e del 73,6%. La PET/TC ha cambiato la gestione del paziente con il contributo diagnostico alle lesioni sospette identificate dalle modalità di imaging radiologico. Concludiamo che PET/CT è uno strumento utile nella valutazione del carcinoma del colon-retto e consente di caratterizzare metabolicamente lesioni indeterminate sospette di recidiva della malattia, e per eseguire una stadiazione pre-chirurgica completa per identificazione delle metastasi occulte. La PET / CT deve essere considerata uno strumento diagnostico essenziale nella gestione dei pazienti con carcinoma del colon-retto, in particolare per una stadiazione preoperatoria. | it |
pair_25177389 | Penile Mondor's disease (superficial thrombophlebitis of the penis dorsal vein) is an uncommon and benign pathology that affects sexually active men. Although the diagnosis is made by physical examination in most patients, sonography may be required in some cases. Color-Doppler ultrasonography clearly visualizes dorsal vein thrombosis and the associated hemodynamic alterations. We describe the symptoms, the sonographic findings and treatment of this disease in a 26-year-old male with superficial thrombophlebitis of the penis dorsal vein. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La malattia di Mondor a livello del pene (tromboflebite della vena dorsale superficiale del pene) rappresenta una patologia non comune a carattere benigno che interessa gli uomini sessualmente attivi. Anche se la diagnosi viene fatta la maggior parte dei pazienti con l’esame obiettivo, l’ecografia viene molto spesso richiesta in aiuto in alcuni casi. L’eco Color-Doppler visualizza in maniera chiara la trombosi venosa dorsale e le alterazioni emodinamiche ad essa associate. Riportiamo la sintomatologia, i risultati ecografici e il trattamento di questa patologia in un ragazzo di 26 anni affetto da tromboflebite superficiale della vena dorsale del pene. | it |
pair_25177390 | This review will analyse some aspects of regional anaesthesia (RA) for carotid endarterectomy (CEA), a surgical procedure which requires a strict monitoring of patient's status. RA remains an important tool for the anaesthesiologist. Some debates remain about type and definition of regional anaesthesia, efficacy and safety of the different cervical block techniques, the right dose, concentration and volume of local anaesthetic, the use of adjuvants, the new perspectives: ultrasonography, the future directions. A literature search was performed for journal articles in English language in the PubMed Embase and in The Cochrane Library database, from January 2000 to December 2013. The electronic search strategy contained the following medical subject headings and free text terms: local anaesthesia versus general anaesthesia for endarterectomy, superficial and deep cervical block, complications of cervical nerve block, ultrasound guidance of superficial and deep cervical plexus block. The gold standard for RA will be achieved after overcoming a number of limitations by a more extensive use of ultrasonography, by combining general and regional anaesthesia, including conscious anaesthesia, by defining the appropriate volume, concentration and dosage of local agents and by addition of adjuvants. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La presente rewiew analizza alcune problematiche riguardanti l’anestesia regionale (AR) nella chirurgia della carotide, endoarterectomia carotidea (EAC) procedura chirurgica che richiede un attento monitoraggio dello stato neurologico e clinico del paziente. L’AR continua ad essere una metodica, alternativa all’anestesia generale (AG), importante per l’anestesista. Permangono, tuttavia, alcuni punti di discussione sul tipo e la definizione della AR, sull’efficacia e la sicurezza delle differenti tecniche di blocco del plesso cervicale, sul dosaggio, la concentrazione ed il volume di anestetico locale più appropriati, sull’uso di farmaci adiuvanti, sulle nuove prospettive: l’ultrasonografia e le sue future applicazioni in questo ambito. E’ stata eseguita una ricerca bibliografica sui principali database, Pubmed Embase e The Cochrane Library dal gennaio 2000 al dicembre 2013. Sono stati utilizzati nella ricerca elettronica le seguenti parole chiave ed associazioni di termini medici: anestesia locale versus anestesia generale nell’endoarterectomia carotidea, blocco del plesso cervicale superficiale e profondo, complicanze del blocco nervoso cervicale, blocco del plesso cervicale profondo e superficiale ecoguidato. Il <i>gold standard</i>, nell’esecuzione dell’AR, per interventi di EAC, sarà possibile solo superando alcune limitazioni legate alle tecniche anestesiologiche tradizionali. Ciò sarà ottenuto grazie ad un uso più appropriato e specifico dell’ultrasonografia, in questo ambito, ad una sempre maggiore integrazione di tecniche regionali con l’anestesia generale, includendo in quest’ultima anche la cosiddetta “<i>conscious</i> anaesthesia”, ad una precisa definizione del volume, della concentrazione e del dosaggio di AL più appropriati ed all’aggiunta di farmaci adiuvanti alla soluzione anestetica. | it |
pair_25177391 | Varicocele is defined as abnormally dilated scrotal veins. It is present in 15 % of normal males and in 40 % of males with infertility. This disorder is a challenge for the physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment, as the pathophysiology of varicocele is not yet completely understood. For this reason, accurate diagnostic criteria and clear indications for treatment in asymptomatic adolescents or adults with clinical or subclinical varicocele are still not defined. Ultrasonography (US) is considered the best method for calculating the volume of the testicles, measuring vein diameter and monitoring the growth of the testis in adolescent patients. Color-Doppler US is the method of choice for detecting spermatic vein reflux and for classifying the grade of varicocele. Various classification systems have been published with recommendations on how to perform US imaging of the scrotum. Currently, color-Doppler US and spectral analysis are the most effective, non-invasive diagnostic procedures as they allow detection of subclinical varicocele associated with infertility. Various techniques are used in the treatment of varicocele including open surgery, laparoscopic procedures and interventional radiology. However, there is no consensus among physicians on which technique is the most effective in terms of outcome and complication rates. This review shows that color-Doppler US is currently the most widely employed diagnostic method for detection and classification of varicocele caused by venous reflux, as it is reliable and easily performed. The review also highlights the role of varicocelectomy in the management of adult male infertility. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Il varicocele è una dilatazione abnorme delle vene scrotali. Esso si riscontra nel 15 % degli uomini normali e nel 40 % dei soggetti che presentano infertilità. Rappresenta ancora oggi un problema clinico per gli specialisti che sono coinvolti nella diagnosi e nel trattamento di questa affezione, in quanto i meccanismi fisiopatologici che stanno alla base di questa patologia non sono stati ancora chiariti in maniera completa. Per questi motivi non esistono ancora indicazioni condivise tra i medici sulle possibilità diagnostiche e sulle scelte terapeutiche da applicare negli adolescenti asintomatici o negli adulti con varicocele clinico o subclinico. L’esame ultrasonografico dello scroto viene considerato attualmente come la metodica migliore per calcolare il volume dei testicoli, per misurare il diametro dei vasi venosi e per seguire l’accrescimento testicolare negli adolescenti. Il Color-Doppler è il metodo più semplice e preciso per studiare e documentare l’inversione del flusso nelle vene spermatiche e serve per una precisa classificazione del varicocele. Sono state proposte numerose classificazioni cliniche ed ecografiche del varicocele e sono state pubblicare raccomandazioni su come condurre l’esame ecografico dello scroto per l’identificazione del varicocele. Attualmente il color-Doppler associato all’analisi spettrale è la procedura diagnostica più valida e non invasiva, in quanto consente di evidenziare anche i varicoceli subclinici associati ad infertilità. Per il trattamento del varicocele sono state proposte diverse procedure chirurgiche, a cielo aperto o laparoscopiche e procedure di radiologia interventistica. Non esiste però un consenso su quale è la tecnica migliore in termini di risultati e di complicanze. Questa revisione evidenzia come l’ecografia color-Doppler sia attualmente la procedura diagnostica più diffusa, semplice ed affidabile per la ricerca del varicocele refluente e come la varicocelectomia rappresenti la terapia iniziale negli adulti con infertilità. | it |
pair_25177392 | Intraoperative ultrasound (ioUS) has become increasingly widespread in brain tumor surgery but it is not yet a standard procedure in spinal surgery. We analyzed intraoperative ultrasonographic findings of different spinal tumors and their influence on the surgical strategy. We evaluated patients who underwent surgery for spinal tumor (extradural, intradural extramedullary, intradural intramedullary) removal, with ultrasound (US) guidance. Intraoperative standard B-mode images were acquired using a 3-11 MHz linear US probe. Before tumor removal the lesion was identified on the two axes and measured and defined as hyperechoic, isoechoic or hypoechoic. Other characteristics of the lesions were considered: the presence of calcifications, cystic/necrotic areas, diffuse or circumscribed appearance, and the relationships with the surrounding anatomical structures. In all 34 cases it was possible to visualize the lesion, as well as the surrounding neural structures (like dura mater, dentate ligament, arachnoid membranes) and vascular structures. In 9 out of 34 cases, ioUS showed that the surgical approach was not wide enough: therefore it was necessary to enlarge the bony approach before dural opening. In 8 intramedullary cases, ioUS was used to correctly tailor the myelotomy. We present our ioUS series findings along with some pictorial essays of different spinal tumors treated at our institution. IoUS is a valuable tool to detect spinal lesions, evaluate the surgical approach and plan the surgical strategy considering the position and relationships of the lesion with bony, neural and vascular structures. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L’ecografia intraoperatoria rappresenta una modalità sempre più utilizzata in neurochirurgia per il trattamento dei tumori cerebrali; le applicazioni nella chirurgia dei tumori spinali sono tuttavia ancora in fase di definizione. Abbiamo analizzato le caratteristiche ultrasonografiche di diversi tumori spinali sottoposti ad asportazione presso il nostro istituto, nonché l’influenza dell’ecografia intraoperatoria sulla strategia chirurgica. Abbiamo applicato l’ecografia intraoperatoria in 34 pazienti con sospetta diagnosi di tumori spinali. Dopo una laminectomia o laminotomia mirata mediante reperi radiologici, sono state acquisite immagini intraoperatorie in B-mode standard attraverso sonde lineari con frequenza di 3–11 MHz. Tutte le lesioni sono state identificate, misurate e definite come iper-, ipo- o isoecogene. Sono state considerate anche calcificazioni, aree necrotico-cistiche ed aspetto diffuso o circoscritto. In tutti i casi, è stato possibile identificare il tumore ed il midollo spinale, nonché le strutture circostanti quali dura madre, legamenti dentati, radici anteriori e posteriori, membrane aracnoidee e la presenza di eventuali aree cistiche, nonché le strutture vascolari. In 9 casi su 34, tale metodica ha determinato l’ampliamento dell’accesso chirurgico prima dell’incisione durale, in quanto non sufficiente ad esporre l’intera lesione. In 8 casi di tumori intramidollari, abbiamo utilizzato l’ecografia intraoperatoria per selezionare il sito della mielotomia. L’ecografia ultrasonografica rappresenta uno strumento dinamico, economico e sicuro durante la chirurgia dei tumori spinali. Oltre a costituire una procedura real-time, consente di acquisire informazioni riguardo la localizzazione delle lesioni ed i rapporti anatomici che intercorrono con le strutture nervose e vascolari circostanti. Consente inoltre di adattare l’estensione dell’approccio neurochirurgico alle reali dimensioni delle lesioni stesse. | it |
pair_25177393 | To study the usefulness of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) for catheter guidance in cases of early reinsertion after radical prostatectomy (RP). Since 2007, we have used TRUS for catheter guidance when early reinsertion after RP is required. A preliminary TRUS examination is done to carefully check the state of the vesicourethral anastomosis. The entire catheter insertion, from bulbar urethra to the bladder, is followed step by step by transrectal ultrasound imaging that tracks, while the probe pushes the catheter through a correct entering line. This prevents the incorrect placement of the catheter across the posterior aspect of the anastomosis in a posterior extravesical place. Between 2007 and 2011, 2,165 RPs were performed at reference hospital for prostate cancer. Early catheter reinsertion was required for 56 patients (2.6 %). All procedures were successful. The incidence of vesicourethral stricture after long-term follow-up was not different from that of patients without early recatheterization who were operated with RP in the same period of the study (4.4 vs 4.2 %, respectively; p = 0.47). If early recatheterization is required in patients recently operated with RP, we suggest catheter guidance with TRUS. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | lo studio della utilità della ecografia trans-rettale durante il posizionamento precoce del catetere vescicale nei pazienti operati di prostatectomia radicale. dal 2007 abbiamo introdotto la ecografia trans-rettale per la guida al posizionamento del catetere vescicale nei casi di cateterizzazione precoce dopo intervento di prostatectomia radicale. Il posizionamento del catetere vescicale viene monitorato durante il passaggio dalla uretra bulbare alla regione anastomotica e cervico-uretrale mentre la sonda stessa spinge il catetere verso l’alto in modo da imprimergli la progressione nella direzione della vescica. Questa azione ha lo scopo di impedire la progressione del catetere stesso, attraverso la parte posteriore dell’anastomosi ancora non consolidata, nello spazio extravescicale posteriore. tra il 2007 ed il 2011, sono state prese in considerazione 2,165 prostatectomie radicali realizzate presso un centro di riferimento per la patologia prostatica. La cateterizzazione precoce è stata necessaria in 56 pazienti (2.6 %). Tutte le procedure sono state portate a termine con successo. La incidenza della stenosi dell’anastomosi nel followup in questo gruppo di pazienti è risultata sovrapponibile a quella del gruppo di pazienti operati di prostatectomia radicale nello stesso periodo dello studio (4.4 vs 4.2 %, rispettivamente <i>p</i> = 0.47). nel caso di necessità di cateterismo precoce dopo intervento di prostatectomia radicale raccomandiamo l’impiego della ecografia trans-rettale per la guida al corretto posizionamento in vescica. | it |
pair_25177394 | The aim of this study was to evaluate the same kidney before and after transplantation to assess the ability of the allograft to restore blood flow, time required to achieve functional recovery after surgery and the possibility of differentiating normal from pathological allografts using color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) flow indices: resistive index (RI)/renal cortical ratio (RCR) and scintigraphy. 79 living donors and 79 recipients. Donors underwent renal CDUS and scintigraphy. CDUS was repeated on the allograft 24 h, 3, 15 and 30 days after transplantation, and scintigraphy 3-5 days after transplantation. Recipients were divided into two groups on the basis of clinical and biochemical values: (A) well-functioning allografts and (B) acute pathology. Results of CDUS, RI and RCI were compared to results of scintigraphy, biochemical values and biopsy. Group (A) n = 60 (76 %), group (B) n = 19 (24 %); RI sensitivity was 93 %, specificity 83 %. In group (A) positive predictive value (PPV) was 94 % and in group (B) 90 %. RCR using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded sensitivity 100 % and specificity 98.3 %. Scintigraphy mean values of glomerular filtration ratio and T max before transplantation were in group (A): 50.32 ml/min and 4.87 min; after transplantation 46.88 ml/min and 4.96 min; in group (B): 48.68 ml/min and 4.63 min, after transplantation 27.89 ml/min and 10.53 min, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient between preoperative and postoperative results of scintigraphy was significant in group (A) (glomerular filtration ratio = 0.85, T max = 0.70) and not significant in group (B) (glomerular filtration ratio = 0.40, T max = 0.08). This study shows that CDUS, RI and RCR are useful in postoperative evaluation of transplanted kidneys as these parameters can, after only 24 h, confirm the good condition of the allograft despite still excessive blood parameter values. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Scopo di questo studio è stato di valutare lo stesso rene prima e dopo il trapianto al fine di valutare la capacità dell’organo trapianto di ripristinare il flusso sanguigno, il tempo richiesto per raggiungere il recupero funzionale dopo l’intervento chirurgico e per differenziare nell’innesto il tessuto normale dal patologico con l’uso degli indici di flusso del color Doppler (CD): l’indice di resistenza (IR)/renal cortical ratio (RCR) e la scintigrafia. 79 donatori viventi e 79 riceventi. I donatori sono stati sottoposti a CD renale e a scintigrafia. Il CD è stato ripetuto sul tessuto trapiantato 24 ore, 3, 15 e 30 giorni dopo il trapianto e la scintigrafia, 3-5 giorni dopo il trapianto. I pazienti sono stati divisi in due gruppi sulla base dei dati clinici e biochimici: A) trapianto ben funzionante e B) patologia acuta. I risultati del CD, IR e RCR sono stati confrontati con i risultati della scintigrafia, i valori biochimici e la biopsia. Gruppo A) n = 60 (76 %), gruppo B) n = 19 (24 %); la sensibilità del IR è stata del 93 %, la specificità del 83 %. Nel gruppo A) il valore predittivo positivo (VPP) è stato: 94 %, gruppo B): 90 %. Utilizzando una analisi delle curve ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) lo RCR ha prodotto una sensibilità del 100 % e una specificità del 98,3 %. I valori medi della scintigrafia del rapporto di filtrazione glomerulare e <i>T</i><sub>max</sub> prima del trapianto nel gruppo A): 50.32 ml/min e 4.87 min; dopo trapianto 46.88 ml/min e 4.96 min; nel gruppo B): 48.68 ml/min e 4.63 min, dopo trapianto di 27,89 ml/min e 10.53 minuti, rispettivamente. Il coefficiente di correlazione di Pearson tra i risultati preoperatori e postoperatori della scintigrafia è stato significativo nel gruppo A) (rapporto di filtrazione glomerulare = 0,85, <i>T</i><sub>max</sub> = 0,70) e non significativa nel gruppo B) (rapporto di filtrazione glomerulare = 0.40, <i>T</i><sub>max</sub> = 0,08). Questo studio dimostra che CD, IR e RCR sono utili nella valutazione postoperatoria dei reni trapiantati in quanto tali parametri possono, dopo solo 24 ore, confermare la buona condizione del tessuto trapiantato nonostante i valori ematochimici ancora alterati. | it |
pair_25177396 | Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours affect 0.001 % of the population. The epithelioid subtype accounts for only 5 % of them. We herein present a patient with a palpable mass on the left calf, which was investigated by ultrasonography, ultrasonographically guided fine-needle biopsy and MRI. Ultrasonography estimated the size of the tumour and evaluated its echotexture. Doppler technique detected characteristic corkscrew-type blood vessel entering in the upper pole of the mass. T1-weighted, fat-suppression and gadolinium-enhanced MRI sequences confirmed ultrasonographic findings. In conclusion, although final diagnosis was established by biopsy, ultrasonography and MRI proved complementary in the characterization of the lesion and planning of surgery. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | I Tumori Maligni della Guaina del Nervo Periferico (MPNST) colpiscono il 0,001 % della popolazione generale. Il sottotipo epitelioide rappresenta solo il 5 %. Presentiamo qui un paziente con una massa palpabile sul polpaccio sinistro, che e’ stata studiata con l’ecografia seguita dalla biopsia con ago sottile ecograficamente guidata ed MRI. Con l’ecografia sono state valutate le dimensioni del tumore e l’eterogeneita della sua consistenza. Con la tecnica Doppler e’ stato rivelato un vaso sanguigno di tipo caratteristico di “cavatappi” entrare nel polo superiore della massa. MRI sequenze T1 weighted, di soppressione del grasso e dopo somministrazione di mezzo di contrasto paramagnetico hanno confirmato i risultati ecografici. In conclusione, anche se la diagnosi finale e’ stata stabilita tramite biopsia, l’ecografia e la risonanza magnetica hanno fornito dati complementari riguardo alla caratterizzazione della lesione ed alla pianificazione dell’operazione. | it |
pair_25177397 | To evaluate the feasibility and utility of serial measuring of the optic nerve sheath diameter beyond the hyperacute and acute stage of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Four patients with extensive ICH in the left basal ganglia were followed using ultrasound (US) and cerebral CT scans. Optic nerve sheath diameter values assessed beyond the acute stage of ICH showed a high correlation (ρ = 0.84, p = 0.0022) with midline shift of the third ventricle seen on CT scans. Optic nerve sonography can be useful to evaluate patients with extensive ICH beyond the acute stage and help monitoring clinical evolution in these patients, when ICP monitoring is not feasible. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Valutare l′utilità clinica della misurazione seriale del diametro del nervo ottico e dei suoi rivestimenti dopo la fase acuta dell′emorragia cerebrale. Quattro pazienti con emorragia cerebrale sono stati sottoposti ad ecografia del nervo ottico e tomografia assiale computerizzata (TAC) del cranio. I valori del diametro del nervo ottico e dei suoi rivestimenti correlavano in maniera marcata con lo shift della linea mediana del terzo ventricolo evidenziato alla TAC cerebrale. La sonografia del nervo ottico con la misurazione del diametro del nervo ottico e dei suoi rivestimenti potrebbe costituire un utile strumento nel valutare l’evoluzione clinica dei pazienti con estesa emorragia intracranica, qualora la misurazione della pressione intracranica non fosse eseguibile. | it |
pair_25177398 | Neuromas are a hyperplastic disorganised proliferation of cells that represent an attempt at nerve regeneration after trauma. They can be classified into terminal and in-continuity neuromas; the latter are observed when the nerve stumps are both connected. We present here the case of a 46-year-old male who sustained a deep cut at the volar aspect of the right elbow while repairing a glass. The injury caused partial transection of the median nerve, which was initially unrecognised. After several months, the patient presented pain at the volar aspect of the elbow, worsening with manual compression at the site of previous injury. Ultrasound showed an in-continuity neuroma with a hypoechoic and enlarged median nerve at the site of the sutured wound. The case report shows that ultrasound may be helpful in confirming the clinical diagnosis of neuroma and that it is useful to evaluate the percentage of the area affected by the lesion. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | I neuromi rappresentano una iperplastica, disorganizzata, proliferazione di cellule e costituisce un tentativo di rigenerazione del nervo dopo un trauma. Possono essere classificati in terminale e neuromi in continuità; questi ultimi si osservano quando entrambi i monconi sono collegati dal tessuto neoformato. Presentiamo il caso di un uomo di 46 anni che ha subito un taglio profondo alla faccia volare del gomito destro, durante la riparazione di una finestra. Il danno ha causato la resezione parziale del nervo mediano, inizialmente misconosciuta. Dopo diversi mesi, il paziente presentava dolore alla faccia volare del gomito, con acutizzazione alla compressione manuale nella sede della lesione. L’ecografia ha mostrato un neuroma in continuità con un nervo mediano ipoecogeno e di volume aumentato nella sede della ferita. Il caso presentato dimostra che l’ecografia può essere utile per confermare la diagnosi clinica di neuroma e per valutare la percentuale di superficie interessata dalla lesione. | it |
pair_25177399 | Segmental testicular infarction is a rare cause of acute scrotal pain. The appearances on grey-scale sonography are often indistinguishable from that of a testicular tumour, resulting in unnecessary orchiectomy. We report a case of acute bilateral testicular infarction, of unknown etiology, which was conservatively managed to resolution following a confident diagnosis achieved with the aid of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and real-time tissue elastography (RTE) along with conventional grey-scale and Doppler sonography. The evolving appearances on each of the sonographic modalities are described. We discuss the importance of complementing conventional sonography with CEUS and RTE in order to make a confident diagnosis and avoid unnecessary surgical intervention. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L’infarto testicolare segmentale è una causa rara di dolore scrotale acuto. L’aspetto ecografico, in scala di grigi, è spesso indistinguibile da quello di un tumore testicolare, con conseguenti orchiectomie inutili. Riportiamo un caso di infarto testicolare acuto bilaterale, ad eziologia sconosciuta, gestito in maniera conservativa fino a risoluzione, dopo una diagnosi realizzata con l’ausilio di ecografia con messo di contrasto (CEUS) e elastosonografia tessutale in tempo reale (RTE), ecografia convenzionale in scala di grigi e Doppler. Sono descritti gli aspetti, in ciascuna delle modalità ecografiche, dell’evoluzione delle lesioni. Discutiamo l’importanza della complementarietà dell’ecografia convenzionale con CEUS e RTE per effettuare una diagnosi di certezza ed evitare un inutile intervento chirurgico. | it |
pair_25177400 | The major shortcoming of image-guided navigation systems is the use of presurgically acquired image data, which does not account for intra-operative changes such as brain shift, tissue deformation and tissue removal occurring during the surgical procedure. Intra-operative ultrasound (iUS) is becoming widely used in neurosurgery but they lack orientation and panoramic view. In this article, we describe our procedure for US-based real-time neuro-navigation during surgery. We used fusion imaging between preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and iUS for brain lesion removal in 67 patients so far. Surgical planning is based on preoperative MRI only. iUS images obtained during surgery are fused with the preoperative MRI. Surgery is performed under intra-operative US control. Relying on US imaging, it is possible to recalibrate navigated MRI imaging, adjusting distortion due to brain shift and tissue resection, continuously updating the two modalities. Ultrasound imaging provides excellent visualization of targets, their margins and surrounding structures. The use of navigated MRI is helpful in better understanding cerebral ultrasound images, providing orientation and panoramic view. Intraoperative US-guided neuro-navigation adjustments are very accurate and helpful in the event of brain shift. The use of this integrated system allows for a true real-time feedback during surgery. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Il principale difetto della neurochirurgia guidata da immagini è il basarsi su immagini acquisite prima dell’intervento, che per ovvie ragioni non possono tenere conto di fenomeni intra-operatori come il <i>brain</i>-<i>shift,</i> la deformazione dei tessuti e l’asportazione di tessuto patologico. L’ecografia intra-operatoria (iUS) sta acquisendo sempre maggior rilevanza in ambito neurochirurgico ma è limitata dalla difficoltosa interpretazione dell’orientamento delle immagini e dalla scarsa panoramicità. In questo articolo descriviamo la nostra tecnica di neuronavigazione <i>real</i>-<i>time</i> basata sull’ecografia intra-operatoria. Fino ad ora abbiamo impiegato la fusione d’immagini tra la risonanza magnetica (MRI) pre-operatoria e l’iUS in 67 pazienti affetti da neoplasie cerebrali. La pianificazione dell’intervento e l’approccio chirurgico è basata sulla (MRI) pre-operatoria mentre l’intervento è guidato dall’iUS. Basandosi sull’iUS è possibile correggere la calibrazione delle immagini (MRI) pre-operatorie correggendo il <i>brain</i>-<i>shift,</i> aggiornando continuamente le due modalità. L’ecografia intra-operatoria permette una eccellente identificazione dei <i>target</i>, dei margini e delle strutture circostanti. L’uso del navigatore basato su (MRI) pre-operatoria è utile nella comprensione delle immagini ecografiche soprattutto per quanto riguarda l’orientazione e la visione panoramica. Le correzione del sistema di neuronavigazione basate sull’iUS sono accurate e utili nel caso di fenomeni intra-operatori come il <i>brain</i>-<i>shift,</i> la deformazione dei tessuti e l’asportazione di tessuto patologico. La neuronavigazione baasata sulla fusione d’immagini tra iUS e (MRI) pre-operatoria permette un vero <i>feeback</i> in <i>real</i>-<i>time</i> durante la chirurgia. | it |
pair_25183673 | The present article gives a survey over the current scientific knowledge of the canine neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL). NCL is a heterogenous group of lysosomal storage diseases in humans and animals. In consequence of a gene mutation, there is an accumulation of ceroid-lipofuscin in neurons, cells of the retina and the skin and other cells. The stored ceroid-lipofuscin in neurons leads to an impaired cell function and subsequently to cell death. Recently, the underlying genetic defect was discovered in several dog breeds. Genetic testing permits an ante mortem diagnosis of the disease, which up to now was only possible with a positive biopsy result. Another advantage is the identification of carrier animals to eliminate the deleterious alleles. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Questo studio fornisce una visione d'insieme e una sintesi delle attuali conoscenze della ceroidolipofuscinosi neuronale (NCL) nel cane. La NCL è un gruppo eterogeneo di malattie da accumulo lisosomiale nell'uomo e negli animali. A causa di una mutazione genetica, vi è un accumulo di ceroidolipofuscina nelle cellule nervose, nelle cellule della retina, nella pelle e in altre cellule del corpo. L'accumulo di ceroidolipofuscina nei neuroni conduce alla disfunzione progressiva e infine alla morte di queste cellule. Di recente, questo difetto genetico è stato identificato in alcune razze. I test genetici consentono di diagnosticare la malattia in animali vivi, ciò che prima era possibile solo con la biopsia. Inoltre, animali eterozigoti possono ora essere identificati ed esclusi dalla riproduzione. | it |
pair_25183673 | The present article gives a survey over the current scientific knowledge of the canine neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL). NCL is a heterogenous group of lysosomal storage diseases in humans and animals. In consequence of a gene mutation, there is an accumulation of ceroid-lipofuscin in neurons, cells of the retina and the skin and other cells. The stored ceroid-lipofuscin in neurons leads to an impaired cell function and subsequently to cell death. Recently, the underlying genetic defect was discovered in several dog breeds. Genetic testing permits an ante mortem diagnosis of the disease, which up to now was only possible with a positive biopsy result. Another advantage is the identification of carrier animals to eliminate the deleterious alleles. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Le présent travail donne un aperçu ainsi qu'un résumé des connaissances actuelles sur la Céroïde-lipofuscinose neuronale (CLN) chez le chien. La CLN constitue un groupe hétérogène de maladies lysosomales chez l'homme et les animaux. Suite à une mutation génétique, il se produit une accumulation de céroïde-lipofuscine dans les cellules nerveuses, les cellules de la rétine, dans la peau ainsi que dans d'autres cellules du corps. L'accumulation de céroïde-lipofuscine dans les neurones conduit à une détérioration progressive de leurs fonctions et, finalement, à la mort de ces cellules. Le défaut génétique à l'origine de cette affection a été récemment identifié chez le quelques races de chiens. Des tests génétiques permettent de diagnostiquer la maladie sur des animaux vivants, ce qui n'était jusqu'alors possible que par biopsie. Il est en outre possible d'identifier les porteurs hétérozygotes et de les exclure de l'élevage. | fr |
pair_25183673 | The present article gives a survey over the current scientific knowledge of the canine neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL). NCL is a heterogenous group of lysosomal storage diseases in humans and animals. In consequence of a gene mutation, there is an accumulation of ceroid-lipofuscin in neurons, cells of the retina and the skin and other cells. The stored ceroid-lipofuscin in neurons leads to an impaired cell function and subsequently to cell death. Recently, the underlying genetic defect was discovered in several dog breeds. Genetic testing permits an ante mortem diagnosis of the disease, which up to now was only possible with a positive biopsy result. Another advantage is the identification of carrier animals to eliminate the deleterious alleles. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht und Zusammenfassung über den aktuellen Wissensstand der neuronalen Ceroid-Lipofuszinose (NCL) beim Hund. Die NCL ist eine heterogene Gruppe lysosomaler Speicherkrankheiten bei Mensch und Tier. Aufgrund einer Genmutation kommt es zur Akkumulation von Ceroid-Lipofuszin in Nervenzellen, Zellen der Netzhaut, Haut und anderen Körperzellen. Die Ansammlung von Ceroid-Lipofuszin in den Neuronen führt zu einer fortschreitenden Funktionsstörung und letztlich zum Tod dieser Zellen. In neuerer Zeit wurde bei einigen Hunderassen der zugrunde liegende Gendefekt identifiziert. Gentests erlauben die Krankheit am lebenden Tier zu diagnostizieren, was bisher nur mittels Biopsie möglich war. Zusätzlich können heterozygote Anlageträger identifiziert und von der Zucht ausgeschlossen werden. | de |
pair_25183674 | This study examined eating and rumination behaviour in 13 Scottish Highland cattle for 13 days on a winter pasture and then for 13 days in a loose housing barn during winter. The cows were fed hay ad libitum and each was fitted with a pressure-sensitive transducer integrated into the noseband of the halter. The endpoints for each cow at both locations were calculated per day and included eating and rumination times, number of chewing cycles related to eating and rumination, number of regurgitated cuds and number of chewing cycles per cud. Air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, barometric pressure and precipitation were recorded. Pastured cows had significantly longer eating and rumination times, more chewing cycles related to eating and rumination, more regurgitated cuds and more chewing cycles per cud than housed cows. Meteorological conditions were very similar at both locations. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Nel presente studio, sono state esaminate l'alimentazione e la ruminazione dei bovini di razza Highlander scozzesi in condizioni invernali. Le mucche sono state tenute dapprima 13 giorni all'aperto dopo altri 13 in una stalla aperta e in entrambi i casi alimentati con fieno ad libitum. I rilevamenti dell'alimentazione e della ruminazione sono stati eseguiti con un sensore sensibile alla pressione che è stato integrato nello stringibocca della cavezza. Per ogni animali e luogo sono stati valutati la durata dell'alimentazione e della ruminazione, il numero di masticazioni durante l'alimentazione e la ruminazione, il numero di boli nella ruminazione e il numero di masticazioni per bolo nella ruminazione quotidianamente. Allo stesso modo si sono controllate la temperatura dell'aria, la velocità del vento, l'umidità relativa, la pressione atmosferica e le precipitazioni. Durante la tenuta all'aperto la durata di alimentazione e ruminazione, il numero di masticazioni durante l'alimentazione e la ruminazione, il numero di boli nella ruminazione e il numero di masticazioni per bolo nella ruminazione erano più lunghi risp. grandi che durante la tenuta in stalla aperta. Le condizioni metereologiche erano approssimativamente le stesse in entrambi i luoghi. | it |
pair_25183674 | This study examined eating and rumination behaviour in 13 Scottish Highland cattle for 13 days on a winter pasture and then for 13 days in a loose housing barn during winter. The cows were fed hay ad libitum and each was fitted with a pressure-sensitive transducer integrated into the noseband of the halter. The endpoints for each cow at both locations were calculated per day and included eating and rumination times, number of chewing cycles related to eating and rumination, number of regurgitated cuds and number of chewing cycles per cud. Air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, barometric pressure and precipitation were recorded. Pastured cows had significantly longer eating and rumination times, more chewing cycles related to eating and rumination, more regurgitated cuds and more chewing cycles per cud than housed cows. Meteorological conditions were very similar at both locations. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Dans le présent travail, on étudie l'alimentation et la rumination de vaches Highland dans des conditions hivernales. Les vaches ont tout d'abord été détenues à l'extérieur durant 13 jours puis durant 13 jours également dans une stabulation ouverte; du foin était dans les deux cas affouragé ad libitum. L'enregistrement de l'alimentation et de la rumination était effectué au moyen d'un détecteur de pression intégré à la muserole du licol. On a analysé pour chaque animal et dans les deux endroits la durée journalière d'alimentation et de rumination, le nombre de mouvement de mastication lors de l'alimentation et de la rumination, le nombre de boli ruminatoires et le nombre de mouvement de mastication par bolus. On a également enregistré la température de l'air, la vitesse du vent, l'humidité relative, la pression atmosphérique et les précipitations. Dans la garde à l'extérieur, les durées d'alimentation et de rumination, le nombre de mouvements masticatoires, le nombre de boli ruminatoires et le nombre de mouvement masticatoire par bolus étaient tous significativement plus longs respectivement plus grands que lors de la garde en écurie ouverte. Les conditions climatiques étaient très similaires aux deux endroits. | fr |
pair_25183674 | This study examined eating and rumination behaviour in 13 Scottish Highland cattle for 13 days on a winter pasture and then for 13 days in a loose housing barn during winter. The cows were fed hay ad libitum and each was fitted with a pressure-sensitive transducer integrated into the noseband of the halter. The endpoints for each cow at both locations were calculated per day and included eating and rumination times, number of chewing cycles related to eating and rumination, number of regurgitated cuds and number of chewing cycles per cud. Air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, barometric pressure and precipitation were recorded. Pastured cows had significantly longer eating and rumination times, more chewing cycles related to eating and rumination, more regurgitated cuds and more chewing cycles per cud than housed cows. Meteorological conditions were very similar at both locations. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Wiederkauen und Fressen von Schottischen Hochlandrindern unter winterlichen Verhältnissen untersucht. Die Kühe wurden zuerst 13 Tage im Freiland, danach 13 Tage in einem Offenstall gehalten und in beiden Fällen mit Heu ad libitum gefüttert. Die Aufzeichnungen von Fressen und Wiederkauen erfolgten mit einem druckempfindlichen Sensor, der im Nasenband eines Halfters integriert war. Beurteilt wurden pro Tier und Ort die pro Tag ermittelte Fress- und Wiederkaudauer, die Anzahl Kauschläge beim Fressen und Wiederkauen, die Anzahl Wiederkauboli und die Anzahl Kauschläge pro Wiederkaubolus. Ebenso festgehalten wurden Lufttemperatur, Windgeschwindigkeit, relative Luftfeuchtigkeit, Luftdruck und Niederschlag. Bei der Freilandhaltung waren die Fress- und Wiederkaudauer, die Anzahl Kauschläge beim Fressen und Wiederkauen, die Anzahl Wiederkauboli und die Anzahl Kauschläge pro Wiederkaubolus signifikant länger bzw. grösser als bei Offenstallhaltung. Die Witterungsbedingungen waren an beiden Orten annähernd gleich. | de |
pair_25183675 | The claws of pastured Scottish Highland Cattle are large and this may raise the question if regular claw trimming is necessary. Therefore, the claws of the right thoracic and pelvic limbs were measured in 22 Scottish Highland cows 4 times 8 weeks apart. The cows were kept on various alpine pastures before the first measurement, on a two-hectare low-land pasture before the second measurement, in a welfare-compliant straw-bedded free stall before the third measurement and on alpine pasture before the fourth measurement. Housing conditions significantly affected claw dimensions. The claws were composed of dry, hard horn during pasture periods, and had prominent weight-bearing hoof-wall borders and soles with a natural axial slope. Long dorsal walls and heels and a greater symmetry were common. Claw lesions were absent. In contrast, free-stall housing was associated with shorter toes and steeper toe angles, but white line deterioration, heel horn erosion, wearing of the axial slope and hoof wall edges were common. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Spesso, gli unghioni dei bovini di razza Highlander scozzese, nelle forme estensive di detenzione, sembrano troppo grandi e fanno riflettere sulla necessità di una cura regolare. In 22 mucche di razza Highlander scozzese sono stati misurati 4 volte a intervalli di 8 settimane l'una dall'altra, gli unghioni della spalla destra e degli arti posteriori. La prima volta, i bovini erano ancora tenuti sull'alpeggio, la seconda su un pascolo di ca. 2 ettari a valle, la terza in stalla aperta a lettiera profonda con un'area di movimento cementata e la quarta di nuovo sull'alpe. Le dimensioni degli unghioni variavano chiaramente in relazione al luogo di detenzione. Dopo i periodi di messa al pascolo si sono riscontrate muraglie e talloni molto allungati e una grande simmetria tra gli unghioni. Questi grandi unghioni presentavano un corno molto duro e secco, margini sporgenti e una scanalatura naturale. Segni di malattie dell'unghione non erano visibili. Dopo la stabulazione libera, le muraglie si erano accorciate e l'angolo era più marcato tuttavia si riscontravano regolarmente danni quali: linee bianche rovinate, erosio ungulae, scanalature mancanti e margini consumati. | it |
pair_25183675 | The claws of pastured Scottish Highland Cattle are large and this may raise the question if regular claw trimming is necessary. Therefore, the claws of the right thoracic and pelvic limbs were measured in 22 Scottish Highland cows 4 times 8 weeks apart. The cows were kept on various alpine pastures before the first measurement, on a two-hectare low-land pasture before the second measurement, in a welfare-compliant straw-bedded free stall before the third measurement and on alpine pasture before the fourth measurement. Housing conditions significantly affected claw dimensions. The claws were composed of dry, hard horn during pasture periods, and had prominent weight-bearing hoof-wall borders and soles with a natural axial slope. Long dorsal walls and heels and a greater symmetry were common. Claw lesions were absent. In contrast, free-stall housing was associated with shorter toes and steeper toe angles, but white line deterioration, heel horn erosion, wearing of the axial slope and hoof wall edges were common. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Les onglons des vaches Higland détenues de façon extensive semblent souvent trop grands et posent la question de la nécessité de soins réguliers. On a donc mesuré 4 fois à intervalle de 8 semaines les onglons des membres antérieur et postérieur droits de 22 Higland. Les vaches étaient détenues avant la première mesure à l'alpage, avant la deuxième sur un pâturage de plaine d'environ 2 ha, avant la troisième dans une stabulation libre ouverte à litière profonde avec des surfaces de sortie bétonnées, et avant la quatrième à nouveau à l'alpage. Le volume des onglons se modifiait significativement selon les conditions de détention. Après les périodes de pâturage, on observait de longues parois dorsales et de longs talons mais aussi une grande symétrie entre les onglons. Les onglons relativement grands présentaient une corne dure et sèche, des parois débordantes et une concavité naturelle. Il n'y avait pas de signe de pathologie des onglons. Après la détention en stabulation, les parois dorsales étaient plus courtes et leur angle plus redressé, mais on constatait régulièrement des dégâts comme une ligne blanche altérée, de la pourriture au niveau des talons, un manque de concavité ou des parois usées. | fr |
pair_25183675 | The claws of pastured Scottish Highland Cattle are large and this may raise the question if regular claw trimming is necessary. Therefore, the claws of the right thoracic and pelvic limbs were measured in 22 Scottish Highland cows 4 times 8 weeks apart. The cows were kept on various alpine pastures before the first measurement, on a two-hectare low-land pasture before the second measurement, in a welfare-compliant straw-bedded free stall before the third measurement and on alpine pasture before the fourth measurement. Housing conditions significantly affected claw dimensions. The claws were composed of dry, hard horn during pasture periods, and had prominent weight-bearing hoof-wall borders and soles with a natural axial slope. Long dorsal walls and heels and a greater symmetry were common. Claw lesions were absent. In contrast, free-stall housing was associated with shorter toes and steeper toe angles, but white line deterioration, heel horn erosion, wearing of the axial slope and hoof wall edges were common. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Die Klauen von extensiv gehaltenen schottischen Hochland-Rindern scheinen oft zu gross und werfen die Frage nach der Notwendigkeit einer regelmässigen Klauenpflege auf. Bei 22 schottischen Hochland-Kühen wurden daher die Klauen der rechten Schulter- und Beckengliedmassen an 4 Terminen im Abstand von je 8 Wochen vermessen. Vor dem ersten Messtermin wurden die Kühe auf der Alp, vor dem zweiten auf einer ca. 2 ha grossen Talweide, vor dem dritten in einem Tiefstreu-Offenstall mit betonierter Lauffläche und vor dem vierten wieder auf einer Alp gehalten. Die Klauenmasse änderten sich signifikant mit der Haltungsumgebung. Nach Weideperioden waren zwar lange Dorsalwände und lange Ballen, aber auch eine grössere Symmetrie zwischen den Klauen vorhanden. Die relativ grossen Klauen wiesen ein hartes, trockenes Horn, überstehende Tragränder und eine natürliche Hohlkehlung auf. Anzeichen für Klauenerkrankungen waren nicht sichtbar. Nach Laufstallhaltung waren die Dorsalwände kürzer und die Winkel steiler, doch waren Schädigungen wie angegriffene weisse Linien, Ballenhornfäule, fehlende Hohlkehlung und abgelaufene Trageränder die Regel. | de |
pair_25195634 | Epidemiological data show a continuous expansion of elderly population in Europe. Older individuals require more medical services relative to their younger counterparts. The aim of this review was to summarize the most recent considerations in regards to preoperative assessment, postoperative outcomes, patient satisfaction and cost-effectiveness analysis of day surgery in the elderly. This review considered studies that included older patients who were undergoing day surgery general procedures (such as inguinal hernia repair, excision of breast lump, haemorrhoidectomy). The interventions of interest to this review included selection criteria, perioperative care, management of postoperative pain. According to a large number of studies, old age does not constitute a contraindication for elderly to undergo ambulatory surgery but this population may require more careful intraoperative cardiovascular management. Hospitalization of older patients is frequently associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Management of postoperative pain in older patients may be complicated by a number of factors, including a higher risk of age- and disease-related changes in physiology and disease-drug and drug-drug interactions. Early studies evaluating approaches to facilitating the recovery process have demonstrated the benefits of multimodal analgesic techniques. A lot of studies show that even elderly patients can successfully undergo day surgery procedures by implementing evidence-based perioperative care programs, minimizing operative duration and tissue trauma and providing a comfortable setting. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | I dati epidemiologici mostrano una continua crescita della popolazione anziana in Europa. I pazienti anziani richiedono più prestazioni mediche e chirurgiche rispetto alla popolazione giovane. L’obiettivo di questa review è stato di riassumere le più recenti considerazioni riguardo alla valutazione preoperatoria, i risultati postoperatori, la soddisfazione dei pazienti e l’analisi costo-efficacia della day surgery nell’anziano. Questa review ha considerato gli studi che includevano pazienti anziani che erano stati sottoposti a procedure di chirurgia generale in day surgery (per esempio ernioplastica inguinale, asportazione di un nodulo mammario, emorroidectomia). Gli aspetti che abbiamo focalizzato in questa review sono stati i criteri di selezione, la gestione perioperatoria e la terapia del dolore postoperatorio. Nonostante la prevalenza di patologie mediche croniche concomitanti, dall’analisi delle numerose casistiche la morbilità e mortalità postoperatorie dei pazienti anziani operati in day surgery sono basse. L’ospedalizzazione dei pazienti anziani è frequentemente associata con disfunzione cognitiva postoperatoria (POCD). Il trattamento del dolore postoperatorio deve tenere in considerazione il maggior rischio nell’anziano di interazioni farmaco-farmaco e farmaco-malattia. I primi studi che valutano gli approcci per un più rapido recupero dall’atto operatorio hanno dimostrato i benefici nell’anziano delle tecniche analgesiche multimodali. Molti Autori hanno messo in evidenza che la day surgery è fattibile e sicura anche nell’anziano. Ulteriori ricerche devono essere effettuate per realizzare dei programmi evidence-based di gestione perioperatoria dell’anziano. | it |
pair_31586924 | In most cases, bovine recumbency (downer cow syndrome) is a complication of periparturient hypocalcemia, but may also be caused by other metabolic disorders, trauma, toxic mastitis or metritis. An important treatment measurement in the recumbent cattle is to bring the cow to its feet, in order to avoid quickly occurring secondary damage. Various lifting systems are on the market, such as a cow lift with a supporting harness or hip clamps. Such lifting systems are easy to use and relatively inexpensive. However, these techniques can cause secondary injuries and ischemic pressure damage. An alternative method is the use of a specially designed flotation tank. The buoyancy of the water gently lifts the cattle avoiding secondary, neuromuscular lesions. The success rate in the therapy of recumbent cattle can be significantly improved by the correct and early use of suitable lifting techniques. In this review, the most common lifting techniques for recumbent cattle are summarized. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La causa del bovino che giace immobile è di solito una carenza di calcio in prossimità del parto, ma può anche essere causato da altri disturbi metabolici, traumi, mastite tossica o metritidi. Un passo importante nel concetto terapeutico per bovini che giacciono immobili è il giusto posizionamento degli animali malati, al fine di evitare rapidi danni secondari. Sul mercato esistono diversi sistemi che possono essere utilizzati a questo scopo, come ad esempio dispositivi di sollevamento con cinghie, amache o dispositivi per i fianchi. Tali ausili sono rapidi, facili da usare e relativamente economici. Tuttavia, va ricordato che queste tecniche possono causare ulteriori lesioni e lesioni dovute alla pressione. Un metodo alternativo consiste nell’utilizzare un bagno d’acqua. La forza di galleggiamento dell’acqua solleva delicatamente il bovino, evitando lesioni neuromuscolari secondarie. Il tasso di successo nella terapia dei pazienti che giacciono immobili può essere significativamente migliorato dall’uso corretto e precoce di adeguate tecniche di sollevamento. In questo studio, vengono riassunte e brevemente presentate le tecniche di sollevamento più comuni per i bovini che giacciono immobili. | it |
pair_31586924 | In most cases, bovine recumbency (downer cow syndrome) is a complication of periparturient hypocalcemia, but may also be caused by other metabolic disorders, trauma, toxic mastitis or metritis. An important treatment measurement in the recumbent cattle is to bring the cow to its feet, in order to avoid quickly occurring secondary damage. Various lifting systems are on the market, such as a cow lift with a supporting harness or hip clamps. Such lifting systems are easy to use and relatively inexpensive. However, these techniques can cause secondary injuries and ischemic pressure damage. An alternative method is the use of a specially designed flotation tank. The buoyancy of the water gently lifts the cattle avoiding secondary, neuromuscular lesions. The success rate in the therapy of recumbent cattle can be significantly improved by the correct and early use of suitable lifting techniques. In this review, the most common lifting techniques for recumbent cattle are summarized. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La parésie chez les bovins est généralement provoquée par une carence en calcium liée à la mise-bas mais peut également être due à d’autres troubles métaboliques, à un traumatisme, à une mammite toxique ou à une métrite. Le relevage des animaux affectés est une étape importante dans le concept de thérapie pour les bovins souffrant de parésie afin d’éviter de rapides dommages secondaires. Il existe sur le marché plusieurs systèmes qui peuvent être utilisés, tels que des appareils de relevage avec des sangles, des hamacs ou des pinces de hanche. Ces aides au relevage sont rapides à mettre en œuvre, faciles à utiliser et relativement peu coûteuses. Cependant, il faut se rappeler que ces techniques peuvent causer d’autres blessures ainsi que des lésions de pression. Une autre méthode consiste à utiliser un bain d’eau. La poussée de l’eau soulève l’animal en douceur et évite ainsi les lésions neuromusculaires secondaires. Le taux de succès du traitement des patients parésiques peut être significativement amélioré par l’utilisation correcte et précoce de techniques de levage appropriées. Dans cette revue, les techniques de levage les plus courantes pour les bovins parésiques sont résumées et brièvement présentées. | fr |
pair_31586924 | In most cases, bovine recumbency (downer cow syndrome) is a complication of periparturient hypocalcemia, but may also be caused by other metabolic disorders, trauma, toxic mastitis or metritis. An important treatment measurement in the recumbent cattle is to bring the cow to its feet, in order to avoid quickly occurring secondary damage. Various lifting systems are on the market, such as a cow lift with a supporting harness or hip clamps. Such lifting systems are easy to use and relatively inexpensive. However, these techniques can cause secondary injuries and ischemic pressure damage. An alternative method is the use of a specially designed flotation tank. The buoyancy of the water gently lifts the cattle avoiding secondary, neuromuscular lesions. The success rate in the therapy of recumbent cattle can be significantly improved by the correct and early use of suitable lifting techniques. In this review, the most common lifting techniques for recumbent cattle are summarized. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Festliegen beim Rind wird meist durch geburtsnahen Kalziummangel ausgelöst, kann aber auch durch andere Stoffwechselstörungen, Traumata, toxische Mastitiden oder Metritiden bedingt sein. Ein wichtiger Schritt im Therapiekonzept für festliegende Rinder ist das Aufstellen erkrankter Tiere, um schnell eintretende sekundäre Schäden zu vermeiden. Es gibt verschiedene Systeme auf dem Markt, die dafür zu Hilfe gezogen werden können, so zum Beispiel Hebegeräte mit Gurtbändern, Hängematten oder Hüftklammern. Solche Aufstehhilfen sind rasch und einfach einsetzbar und relativ kostengünstig. Es muss aber zwingend beachtet werden, dass diese Techniken weitere Verletzungen sowie Druckläsionen verursachen können. Eine alternative Methode ist das Benutzen eines Wasserbades. Die Auftriebskraft des Wassers hebt das Rind schonend an und vermeidet dadurch sekundäre, neuromuskuläre Läsionen. Die Erfolgsrate in der Therapie festliegender Patienten kann durch den richtigen und frühzeitigen Einsatz von geeigneten Hebetechniken deutlich verbessert werden. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit sollen die häufigsten Hebetechniken bei festliegenden Rindern zusammengefasst und kurz vorgestellt werden. | de |
pair_31586925 | The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) plays an inhibitory role during folliculogenesis by regulating the number of follicles entering the growing pool. Antral follicle counts (AFC) are highly correlated with serum AMH concentrations and both appear to be related to the ovarian reserve in several species. Few data on AMH and AFC in mares exist, especially with regard to fertility. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to investigate the interrelationship between antral follicle count, serum AMH concentrations and fertility outcome in mares. One hundred and twenty-seven mares were enrolled in the study and grouped according to their reproductive status. Around time of estrus, serum AMH concentrations and AFC before and after ovulation were determined. Mares were artificially inseminated and pregnancy diagnosis was performed 14 to 18 days later. A high inter-individual variability in AFC and AMH concentration and a positive relationship between AMH and AFC for follicles ≤ 30 mm in diameter were observed, with a stronger correlation in mares older than 18 years. A high correlation between AFC measurements before and after ovulation was identified. The AFC after ovulation was higher than AFC before ovulation. AMH concentrations were neither related to the mares' reproductive status nor to age, number of cycles needed for pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. Excepted for a higher AFC in the middle-aged mares (9-18 years) compared to the younger mares (< 9 years), no associations between AFC and age, reproductive status as well as fertility of mares were found. This study confirms the relationship between AFC and AMH and a high degree of reproducibility of AFC measurements. However, based on our findings, neither AFC nor AMH are useful predictors of fertility in mares. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L’ormone antimulleriano (AMH) funge da regolatore della follicologenesi inibendo il reclutamento e lo sviluppo follicolare iniziale. La conta dei follicoli antrali («antral follicle count», AFC) è altamente correlata alla concentrazione sierica di AMH ed entrambi sembrano avere valore predittivo sulla riserva ovarica in diverse specie. Pochi dati sono disponibili sull’AMH e la AFC nelle cavalle, specialmente in relazione alla fertilità. Lo scopo di questo studio era quindi quello di indagare sull’interrelazione tra la conta dei follicoli antrali, i livelli sierici di AMH e la fertilità nelle cavalle. Centoventisette cavalle sono state arruolate nello studio e divise in gruppi in base al loro stato riproduttivo. Le concentrazioni sieriche di AMH e l’AFC sono state determinate durante l’estro prima e dopo l’ovulazione. Le cavalle sono state inseminate artificialmente e la diagnosi di gravidanza è stata effettuata 14-18 giorni più tardi. Sono state osservate un’alta variabilità interindividuale ed una correlazione positiva tra l’AMH e la AFC per i follicoli con diametro ≤ 30 mm, la quale era più forte nelle cavalle di età superiore a 18 anni. La AFC dopo l’ovulazione era più alta della AFC prima dell’ovulazione, ed è stata riscontrata un’elevata correlazione tra i due conteggi. I livelli sierici di AMH non erano in relazione con lo stato riproduttivo delle cavalle, né con la loro età, il numero di cicli estrali per gravidanza e tasso di gravidanza. Non sono state identificate associazioni tra AFC, età, stato riproduttivo e fertilità delle cavalle, ad eccezione di una AFC maggiore nelle cavalle di media età (9-18 anni) rispetto a quelle più giovani (. | it |
pair_31586925 | The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) plays an inhibitory role during folliculogenesis by regulating the number of follicles entering the growing pool. Antral follicle counts (AFC) are highly correlated with serum AMH concentrations and both appear to be related to the ovarian reserve in several species. Few data on AMH and AFC in mares exist, especially with regard to fertility. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to investigate the interrelationship between antral follicle count, serum AMH concentrations and fertility outcome in mares. One hundred and twenty-seven mares were enrolled in the study and grouped according to their reproductive status. Around time of estrus, serum AMH concentrations and AFC before and after ovulation were determined. Mares were artificially inseminated and pregnancy diagnosis was performed 14 to 18 days later. A high inter-individual variability in AFC and AMH concentration and a positive relationship between AMH and AFC for follicles ≤ 30 mm in diameter were observed, with a stronger correlation in mares older than 18 years. A high correlation between AFC measurements before and after ovulation was identified. The AFC after ovulation was higher than AFC before ovulation. AMH concentrations were neither related to the mares' reproductive status nor to age, number of cycles needed for pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. Excepted for a higher AFC in the middle-aged mares (9-18 years) compared to the younger mares (< 9 years), no associations between AFC and age, reproductive status as well as fertility of mares were found. This study confirms the relationship between AFC and AMH and a high degree of reproducibility of AFC measurements. However, based on our findings, neither AFC nor AMH are useful predictors of fertility in mares. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Il existe peu de données sur l’AMH et l’AFC chez les juments, particulièrement en rapport avec la fertilité. L’objectif de cette étude était donc d’examiner la relation entre le compte de follicules antraux, le taux sérique d’AMH et la fécondité chez les juments. Cent vingt-sept juments ont été inclues dans l’étude et groupées selon leur état reproducteur. Les taux sériques d’AMH et l’AFC ont été déterminés pendant l’oestrus avant et après l’ovulation. Les juments ont été inséminées artificiellement et le diagnostic de gestation réalisé 14 à 18 jours plus tard. Une grande variabilité interindividuelle de l’AFC et l’AMH et une corrélation positive entre l’AMH et l’AFC pour les follicules de diamètre ≤ 30 mm ont été observées, cette dernière étant plus forte chez les juments âgées de plus de 18 ans. L’AFC après ovulation était supérieur à l’AFC avant ovulation, et une forte corrélation entre les deux mesures a été constatée. Aucun lien entre les taux sériques d’AMH, l’état reproducteur, l’âge, le nombre de cycles œstraux par gestation et le taux de gestation n’a été observé. Hormis un AFC supérieur chez les juments d’âge moyen (9-18 ans) comparé aux juments plus jeunes (. | fr |
pair_31586925 | The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) plays an inhibitory role during folliculogenesis by regulating the number of follicles entering the growing pool. Antral follicle counts (AFC) are highly correlated with serum AMH concentrations and both appear to be related to the ovarian reserve in several species. Few data on AMH and AFC in mares exist, especially with regard to fertility. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to investigate the interrelationship between antral follicle count, serum AMH concentrations and fertility outcome in mares. One hundred and twenty-seven mares were enrolled in the study and grouped according to their reproductive status. Around time of estrus, serum AMH concentrations and AFC before and after ovulation were determined. Mares were artificially inseminated and pregnancy diagnosis was performed 14 to 18 days later. A high inter-individual variability in AFC and AMH concentration and a positive relationship between AMH and AFC for follicles ≤ 30 mm in diameter were observed, with a stronger correlation in mares older than 18 years. A high correlation between AFC measurements before and after ovulation was identified. The AFC after ovulation was higher than AFC before ovulation. AMH concentrations were neither related to the mares' reproductive status nor to age, number of cycles needed for pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. Excepted for a higher AFC in the middle-aged mares (9-18 years) compared to the younger mares (< 9 years), no associations between AFC and age, reproductive status as well as fertility of mares were found. This study confirms the relationship between AFC and AMH and a high degree of reproducibility of AFC measurements. However, based on our findings, neither AFC nor AMH are useful predictors of fertility in mares. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Das Anti-Müller-Hormon (AMH) hemmt während der Follikulogenese die Anzahl heranwachsender Follikel. Die Anzahl der antralen Follikel («antral follicle count», AFC) korreliert stark positiv mit der Serumkonzentration von AMH und beide sind bei mehreren Spezies ein Indikator für die ovarielle Reserve. Da bisher wenige Daten über AFC und AMH bei Stuten, insbesondere im Hinblick auf deren Auswirkungen auf die Fertilität vorliegen, sollte dies in der vorliegenden Arbeit untersucht werden. Hundertsiebenundzwanzig Stuten wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen und nach Reproduktionsstatus gruppiert. Die AFC und die AMH-Konzentration wurden während der Rosse vor und nach der Ovulation ermittelt. Die Stuten wurden künstlich besamt und die 14 bis 18 Tage später eine Trächtigkeitsunteruchung durchgeführt. Es bestanden hohe Variabilität im AFC und in der AMH-Konzentration zwischen den Stuten und ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen AMH und AFC für Follikel mit einem Durchmesser ≤ 30 mm, wobei die Korrelation bei Stuten > 18 Jahre stärker ausgeprägt war. Die AFC-Messungen vor und nach Ovulation korrelierten sehr gut miteinander, wobei der AFC nach Ovulation grösser war als vor der Ovulation. Die AMH-Konzentrationen waren unabhängig vom Alter, dem Reproduktionsstatus, der Anzahl benötigter Zyklen bis zur Erreichung einer Trächtigkeit und dem Trächtigkeitsausgang. Mit Ausnahme der Beobachtung, dass die AFC bei mittelalten Stuten (9–18 Jahre) höher als diejenige bei AFC jüngerer Stuten (< 9 Jahre) war, konnten keine Assoziationen zwischen AFC und Alter, Reproduktionsstatus oder Fertilität erkannt werden. Diese Studie bestätigt den Zusammenhang zwischen AFC und AMH und eine hohe Reproduzierbarkeit der AFC-Messungen. Allerdings können anhand der vorliegenden Ergebnisse weder AFC noch AMH als brauchbare Prädiktoren für die Fruchtbarkeit von Stuten herangezogen werden. | de |
pair_31586928 | Subclinical mastitis is a frequent and economically important disease in cattle. Since the milk appears macroscopically normal the diagnosis depends on indirect parameters. In automatic milking systems ideally the measurements have to be automatized and completed during milking process. Oxygen concentration of the milk is a parameter which has not been used widely to date. Oxygen is consumed by cells in the milk, hence an increased number of cells results in decreased oxygen concentration. The main objectives of the study were to study the association of milk oxygen concentration with the number of cells and the electric conductivity and to assess the feasibility of oxygen concentration for detection of subclinical mastitis. The study was performed on five dairy farms using 690 macroscopically normal quarter milk samples. Oxygen concentrations (OC), somatic cell count (SCC) and electric conductivity (EC) were measured. The associations between the parameters were calculated and the diagnostic value of OC for detection of subclinical mastitis was estimated. Significant correlations were found between OC and SCC (rs =-0.28) and between OC and EC (rs = -0.20). SCC of the samples varied between 1,000 and 21,602,000 cells/ml. Out of the 690 milk samples 404 had SCC 200,000 cells/ml (subclinical mastitis). OC decreased whereas EC increased significantly with increasing SCC (P < 0.001). The threshold for OC to diagnose subclinical mastitis was 5.22% (sensitivity 84%, specificity 46%). The area under the curve describing the diagnostic value of OC was 0.72 (confidence interval 0.68-0.76). In conclusion OC has potential to be used as parameter to detect subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Currently the application is not suitable for routine use. Further research is necessary to improve measurement technology and diagnostic value of the parameter. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La mastite subclinica è una malattia frequente ed economicamente importante nei bovini. Poiché il latte appare macroscopicamente normale, la diagnosi dipende da parametri indiretti. Idealmente, nei sistemi di mungitura automatica, le misurazioni devono essere automatizzate e completate durante il processo di mungitura. La concentrazione di ossigeno nel latte è un parametro finora poco utilizzato. L’ossigeno viene consumato dalle cellule del latte, quindi un numero maggiore di cellule comporta una minore concentrazione di ossigeno. Gli obiettivi principali dello studio erano di studiare l’associazione della concentrazione di ossigeno nel latte con il numero di cellule e la conduttività elettrica e valutare la fattibilità della concentrazione di ossigeno per la rilevazione della mastite subclinica. Lo studio è stato condotto in cinque aziende di produzione di latte utilizzando 690 campioni di latte proveniente da dei quarti macroscopicamente normali. Sono state misurate le concentrazioni di ossigeno (OC), il conteggio delle cellule somatiche (SCC) e la conduttività elettrica (EC). Sono state calcolate le associazioni tra i parametri ed è stato stimato il valore diagnostico della OC per la rilevazione della mastite subclinica. Sono state riscontrate correlazioni significative tra le OC, il SCC (rs = -0.28) e tra la OC e la EC (rs = -0,20). Il SCC dei campioni variava tra 1.000 e 21.602.000 cellule / ml. Dei 690 campioni di latte 404 avevano un SCC 200.000 cellule / ml (mastite subclinica). La OC è diminuita mentre la EC è aumentata significativamente con l’incremento del SCC (P. | it |
pair_31586928 | Subclinical mastitis is a frequent and economically important disease in cattle. Since the milk appears macroscopically normal the diagnosis depends on indirect parameters. In automatic milking systems ideally the measurements have to be automatized and completed during milking process. Oxygen concentration of the milk is a parameter which has not been used widely to date. Oxygen is consumed by cells in the milk, hence an increased number of cells results in decreased oxygen concentration. The main objectives of the study were to study the association of milk oxygen concentration with the number of cells and the electric conductivity and to assess the feasibility of oxygen concentration for detection of subclinical mastitis. The study was performed on five dairy farms using 690 macroscopically normal quarter milk samples. Oxygen concentrations (OC), somatic cell count (SCC) and electric conductivity (EC) were measured. The associations between the parameters were calculated and the diagnostic value of OC for detection of subclinical mastitis was estimated. Significant correlations were found between OC and SCC (rs =-0.28) and between OC and EC (rs = -0.20). SCC of the samples varied between 1,000 and 21,602,000 cells/ml. Out of the 690 milk samples 404 had SCC 200,000 cells/ml (subclinical mastitis). OC decreased whereas EC increased significantly with increasing SCC (P < 0.001). The threshold for OC to diagnose subclinical mastitis was 5.22% (sensitivity 84%, specificity 46%). The area under the curve describing the diagnostic value of OC was 0.72 (confidence interval 0.68-0.76). In conclusion OC has potential to be used as parameter to detect subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Currently the application is not suitable for routine use. Further research is necessary to improve measurement technology and diagnostic value of the parameter. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La mammite subclinique est une maladie fréquente et économiquement importante chez les bovins. Puisque le lait apparaît macroscopiquement normal, le diagnostic dépend des paramètres indirects. Dans les systèmes de traite automatique, les mesures doivent idéalement être automatisées et effectuées pendant le processus de traite. La concentration en oxygène du lait est un paramètre qui n’a pas été largement utilisé à ce jour. L’oxygène est consommé par les cellules dans le lait, un nombre accru de cellules entraînant donc une diminution de la concentration en oxygène. Les principaux objectifs de l’étude étaient d’étudier l’association de la concentration d’oxygène du lait avec le nombre de cellules et la conductivité électrique et d’évaluer la praticabilité de la mesure de la concentration en oxygène pour la détection de la mammite subclinique. L’étude a été réalisée dans cinq fermes laitières à l’aide de 690 échantillons de lait de quartier macroscopiquement normaux. Des concentrations d’oxygène (OC), le nombre de cellules somatiques (SCC) et la conductivité électrique (EC) ont été mesurés. Les associations entre les paramètres ont été calculées et la valeur diagnostique de l’OC pour la détection de la mammite subclinique a été estimée. Des corrélations significatives ont été trouvées entre OC et SCC (rs= -0,28) et entre OC et EC (rs = -0,20). Le SCC des échantillons variait entre 1’000 et 21’602’000 cellules/ml. Sur les 690 échantillons de lait, 404 avaient un SCC de 200 000 cellules/ml (mammite subclinique). L’OC a diminué alors que l’EC a augmenté de façon significative avec l’augmentation du SCC (P - 0,001). Le seuil pour que l’OC permette un diagnostic de mammite subclinique était de 5,22 % (sensibilité 84 %, spécificité 46 %). La zone sous la courbe décrivant la valeur diagnostique de CO était 0.72 (intervalle de confiance 0.68-0.76). En conclusion, l’OC pourrait être utilisée comme paramètre pour détecter la mammite subclinique chez les bovins laitiers. Actuellement, l’application n’est pas adaptée à une utilisation de routine. D’autres recherches sont nécessaires pour améliorer la technologie de mesure et la valeur diagnostique du paramètre. | fr |
pair_31586928 | Subclinical mastitis is a frequent and economically important disease in cattle. Since the milk appears macroscopically normal the diagnosis depends on indirect parameters. In automatic milking systems ideally the measurements have to be automatized and completed during milking process. Oxygen concentration of the milk is a parameter which has not been used widely to date. Oxygen is consumed by cells in the milk, hence an increased number of cells results in decreased oxygen concentration. The main objectives of the study were to study the association of milk oxygen concentration with the number of cells and the electric conductivity and to assess the feasibility of oxygen concentration for detection of subclinical mastitis. The study was performed on five dairy farms using 690 macroscopically normal quarter milk samples. Oxygen concentrations (OC), somatic cell count (SCC) and electric conductivity (EC) were measured. The associations between the parameters were calculated and the diagnostic value of OC for detection of subclinical mastitis was estimated. Significant correlations were found between OC and SCC (rs =-0.28) and between OC and EC (rs = -0.20). SCC of the samples varied between 1,000 and 21,602,000 cells/ml. Out of the 690 milk samples 404 had SCC 200,000 cells/ml (subclinical mastitis). OC decreased whereas EC increased significantly with increasing SCC (P < 0.001). The threshold for OC to diagnose subclinical mastitis was 5.22% (sensitivity 84%, specificity 46%). The area under the curve describing the diagnostic value of OC was 0.72 (confidence interval 0.68-0.76). In conclusion OC has potential to be used as parameter to detect subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Currently the application is not suitable for routine use. Further research is necessary to improve measurement technology and diagnostic value of the parameter. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Subklinische Mastitiden sind beim Rind häufig auftretende und ökonomisch bedeutende Erkrankungen. Da die Milch makroskopisch unverändert ist, muss die Diagnostik über indirekte Parameter erfolgen. Für automatische Melksysteme ist dabei eine automatisierbare Messung erforderlich. Ein bisher wenig beachteter Parameter stellt die Sauerstoffkonzentration in der Milch dar. Sauerstoff wird durch die ansteigende Anzahl an Zellen bei Mastitiden verbraucht, die Konzentration sinkt ab. Ziel der Studie war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Sauerstoffkonzentration und Zellzahlgehalt sowie Leitfähigkeit der Milch zu untersuchen und die Eignung des Parameters zur Detektion von subklinischen Mastitiden zu überprüfen. Die Untersuchungen wurden an fünf landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben an 690 klinisch unveränderten Viertelgemelksproben durchgeführt. Es wurden die Sauerstoffkonzentration (oxygen concentration, OC), die Anzahl somatischer Zellen (somatic cell count, SCC) und die elektrische Leitfähigkeit (electric conductivity, EC) gemessen. Die Assoziationen zwischen den Parametern und die diagnostische Wertigkeit der Sauerstoffkonzentration zur Diagnose von subklinischen Mastitiden wurden berechnet. Signifikante Korrelationen lagen zwischen OC und SCC (rs =-0,28) sowie OC zur EC (rs = -0,20) vor. Der SCC lag zwischen 1.000 und 21.602.000 Zellen/ml. Von den 690 Viertelgemelksproben wiesen 404 SCC < 100.000 Zellen/ml auf, 95 hatten SCC zwischen 100.000 und 200.000 Zellen pro ml, während 191 Proben SCC > 200.000 Zellen/ml hatten (subklinische Mastitis). Die OC sank mit dem Anstieg der Zellzahl signifikant ab (P < 0,001) während die EC anstieg. Der cut-off Wert für die OC beträgt 5,22 %, die Sensitivität dieses Grenzwertes beträgt 84 %, die Spezifität 46 %. Die Fläche unter der ROC Kurve zur Beschreibung des diagnostischen Wertes der OC beträgt 0,72 (Konfidenzintervall 0,68 - 0,76). Die OC kann als Parameter zur Detektion von subklinischen Mastitiden in Betracht gezogen werden. Die Anwendung ist gegenwärtig jedoch nicht praxisreif, die diagnostische Wertigkeit noch zu gering, so dass weitere Untersuchungen und Verbesserungen notwendig sind. | de |
pair_31586930 | Contracture of the flexor tendons (CFT) is very common in calves and it is usually diagnosed within the first few days after birth (congenital flexural deformity). However, CFT can appear even in older calves caused by chronic pain. The aetiology of CFT is still unknown. In this study, the distribution of sex, age, breed, the severity of flexural deformity, concurrent presence of other diseases, applied treatment methods for flexural deformity, and the outcome of calves with CFT, which were examined at the University Clinic for Ruminants in Vienna from 2001 to 2016, were evaluated retrospectively. 93 calves were admitted with CFT in the observation period. 70 (75.3%) calves were male and 78 (83.9%) of the affected animals were Simmental calves. The age of calves with CFT varied from one day to 41 days. Twenty-six calves suffered exclusively from CFT, and CFT was diagnosed as an additional finding in 67 calves. 91 animals (97.8%) showed CFT on the front limbs, 79 of them (84.9%) on both front limbs. The distribution of the severity scores was as follows: 69 calves (74.2%) had score 1, 17 calves (18.3%) had score 2, three calves (3.2%) had score 3. Three additional calves (3.2%) had a score 1 CFT on one front limb and a score 2 CFT on the other front limb, and one additional calf showed all three scores on both front limbs and one hind limb. 69 patients (74.2%) could be discharged with a significant improvement in CFT after treatment and 24 calves (25.8%) had to be euthanized due to other severe diseases. The results of the applied pedigree analysis do not show that a single gene mutation is the cause for the development of CFT, but rather a complex hereditary pattern has to be assumed. Depending on the severity of CFT and the presence of other concurrent diseases, an early and consistent therapy has to be carried out to achieve the highest possible success. Since animals with CFT are usually restricted in their movement, sufficient colostrum intake must be ensured within the first hours of life. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La contrattura tendinea flessoria (CFT) è molto comune nei vitelli e di solito concerne gli arti anteriori. La CFT è principalmente congenita anche se può comparire nei vitelli più anziani a causa di un dolore cronico. L’eziologia della CFT è ancora sconosciuta. In questo studio retrospettivo si sono valutati la distribuzione di sesso, età, razza, gravità della deformità flessoria, presenza concomitante di altre malattie, metodi di trattamento applicati per la deformità flessoria, e l’esito nei vitelli affetti da CFT esaminati dal 2001 al 2016 presso la Clinica Universitaria per Ruminanti di Vienna. Nel periodo di osservazione sono stati ammessi 93 vitelli affetti da CFT di cui 70 (75,3%) vitelli erano maschi e 78 (83,9%) degli animali colpiti erano vitelli Simmental. L’età dei vitelli con CFT variava da un giorno a 41 giorni. Ventisei vitelli soffrivano esclusivamente di CFT, e in 67 vitelli è stata diagnosticata ulteriormente la presenza di CFT. Tra gli animali esaminati 91 (97,8%) mostravano CFT sugli arti anteriori e 79 di loro (84,9%) su entrambi gli arti anteriori. La distribuzione dei gradi di gravità era la seguente: 69 vitelli (74,2%) hanno ottenuto grado 1, 17 vitelli (18,3%) hanno ottenuto grado 2, tre vitelli (3,2%) hanno ottenuto grado 3. Tre vitelli supplementari (3,2%) hanno ottenuto grado 1 CFT su un arto anteriore e un grado 2 CFT sull’altro arto anteriore, e un vitello supplementare ha mostrato tutti e tre i gradi su entrambi gli arti anteriori e un arto posteriore. 69 animali (74.2%) hanno potuto essere dimessi con un significativo miglioramento della CFT dopo il trattamento e 24 vitelli (25.8%) hanno dovuto essere eutanasia a causa di altre gravi malattie. I risultati dell’analisi del pedigree applicata non mostravano che una singola mutazione genetica era la causa dello sviluppo della CFT, ma piuttosto bisogna prendere in considerazione vari e complessi fattori ereditari. A seconda del grado di gravità della CFT e della presenza di altre malattie concomitanti, deve essere effettuata una terapia precoce e coerente per ottenere il massimo successo possibile. Poiché gli animali con CFT di grado 2 e 3 sono solitamente limitati nei loro movimenti, deve essere assicurata una sufficiente assunzione di colostro nelle prime ore di vita. | it |
pair_31586930 | Contracture of the flexor tendons (CFT) is very common in calves and it is usually diagnosed within the first few days after birth (congenital flexural deformity). However, CFT can appear even in older calves caused by chronic pain. The aetiology of CFT is still unknown. In this study, the distribution of sex, age, breed, the severity of flexural deformity, concurrent presence of other diseases, applied treatment methods for flexural deformity, and the outcome of calves with CFT, which were examined at the University Clinic for Ruminants in Vienna from 2001 to 2016, were evaluated retrospectively. 93 calves were admitted with CFT in the observation period. 70 (75.3%) calves were male and 78 (83.9%) of the affected animals were Simmental calves. The age of calves with CFT varied from one day to 41 days. Twenty-six calves suffered exclusively from CFT, and CFT was diagnosed as an additional finding in 67 calves. 91 animals (97.8%) showed CFT on the front limbs, 79 of them (84.9%) on both front limbs. The distribution of the severity scores was as follows: 69 calves (74.2%) had score 1, 17 calves (18.3%) had score 2, three calves (3.2%) had score 3. Three additional calves (3.2%) had a score 1 CFT on one front limb and a score 2 CFT on the other front limb, and one additional calf showed all three scores on both front limbs and one hind limb. 69 patients (74.2%) could be discharged with a significant improvement in CFT after treatment and 24 calves (25.8%) had to be euthanized due to other severe diseases. The results of the applied pedigree analysis do not show that a single gene mutation is the cause for the development of CFT, but rather a complex hereditary pattern has to be assumed. Depending on the severity of CFT and the presence of other concurrent diseases, an early and consistent therapy has to be carried out to achieve the highest possible success. Since animals with CFT are usually restricted in their movement, sufficient colostrum intake must be ensured within the first hours of life. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La contracture des tendons fléchisseurs (CTF) est très fréquente chez les veaux et elle est généralement diagnostiquée dans les premiers jours suivant la naissance (malformation congénitale en flexion). Cependant, la CTF peut apparaître même chez les veaux plus âgés en raison d’une douleur chronique. L’étiologie de la CTF est encore inconnue. Dans cette étude, la répartition du sexe, de l’âge, de la race, la sévérité de la déformation en flexion, la présence concomitante d’autres maladies, les méthodes de traitement appliquées pour la déformation en flexion et les résultats chez les veaux atteints de CTF, examinés à la Clinique universitaire des ruminants de Vienne de 2001 à 2016, ont été évalués rétrospectivement. 93 veaux ont été admis avec une CTF au cours de la période d’observation. 70 veaux (75,3%) étaient des mâles et 78 (83,9%) des animaux atteints étaient des veaux Simmental. L’âge des veaux atteints de CTF variait d’un jour à 41 jours. Vingt-six veaux ont souffert exclusivement de CTF et une CTF a été diagnostiquée comme une découverte supplémentaire chez 67 veaux. 91 animaux (97,8%) présentaient une CTF sur les membres antérieurs, dont 79 (84,9%) sur les deux membres antérieurs. La répartition des scores de gravité était la suivante: 69 veaux (74,2%) ont obtenu un score de 1, 17 veaux (18,3%) ont obtenu un score de 2, trois veaux (3,2%) ont obtenu un score de 3. Trois autres veaux (3,2%) ont obtenu un score 1 CTF sur un membre antérieur et un score de 2 CTF sur l’autre membre antérieur et un veau présentait les trois scores sur les deux membres antérieurs et un membre postérieur. 69 patients (74,2%) ont pu quitter l’hôpital avec une amélioration significative de la CTF après le traitement et 24 veaux (25,8%) ont dû être euthanasiés en raison d’autres maladies graves. Les résultats de l’analyse du pedigree ne montrent pas qu’une seule mutation du gène soit la cause du développement de la CTF, mais plutôt qu’un schéma héréditaire complexe doit être supposé. En fonction de la gravité de la CTF et de la présence d’autres maladies concomitantes, un traitement précoce et cohérent doit être mis en œuvre pour obtenir le meilleur succès possible. Comme les mouvements des animaux atteints de CTF sont généralement limités, un apport suffisant de colostrum doit être garanti dès les premières heures de la vie. | fr |
pair_31586930 | Contracture of the flexor tendons (CFT) is very common in calves and it is usually diagnosed within the first few days after birth (congenital flexural deformity). However, CFT can appear even in older calves caused by chronic pain. The aetiology of CFT is still unknown. In this study, the distribution of sex, age, breed, the severity of flexural deformity, concurrent presence of other diseases, applied treatment methods for flexural deformity, and the outcome of calves with CFT, which were examined at the University Clinic for Ruminants in Vienna from 2001 to 2016, were evaluated retrospectively. 93 calves were admitted with CFT in the observation period. 70 (75.3%) calves were male and 78 (83.9%) of the affected animals were Simmental calves. The age of calves with CFT varied from one day to 41 days. Twenty-six calves suffered exclusively from CFT, and CFT was diagnosed as an additional finding in 67 calves. 91 animals (97.8%) showed CFT on the front limbs, 79 of them (84.9%) on both front limbs. The distribution of the severity scores was as follows: 69 calves (74.2%) had score 1, 17 calves (18.3%) had score 2, three calves (3.2%) had score 3. Three additional calves (3.2%) had a score 1 CFT on one front limb and a score 2 CFT on the other front limb, and one additional calf showed all three scores on both front limbs and one hind limb. 69 patients (74.2%) could be discharged with a significant improvement in CFT after treatment and 24 calves (25.8%) had to be euthanized due to other severe diseases. The results of the applied pedigree analysis do not show that a single gene mutation is the cause for the development of CFT, but rather a complex hereditary pattern has to be assumed. Depending on the severity of CFT and the presence of other concurrent diseases, an early and consistent therapy has to be carried out to achieve the highest possible success. Since animals with CFT are usually restricted in their movement, sufficient colostrum intake must be ensured within the first hours of life. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Der Sehnenstelzfuß (SSF) ist eine weltweit vorkommende Erkrankung bei Kälbern, die überwiegend die Vorderextremitäten betrifft. Der SSF tritt meist kongenital auf, wobei dessen Ursache bislang nicht endgültig geklärt ist. Ein SSF kann sich aber auch bei älteren Kälbern aufgrund langdauernder Schmerzen entwickeln. In dieser retrospektiven Studie wurde die Verteilung des Geschlechts, des Alters, der Rasse, des Schweregrades, das Auftreten zusätzlicher Erkrankungen, die Behandlungsmethoden sowie die Erfolgsquote der Behandlung von Kälbern mit SSF evaluiert, die an der Wiener Universitätsklinik für Wiederkäuer von 2001–2016 untersucht worden waren. 93 Kälber wurden im Beobachtungszeitraum mit einem SSF eingeliefert. 70 (75,3%) der Patienten mit einem SSF waren männlich und 78 (83,9%) der erkrankten Tiere waren Fleckviehkälber. Das Alter der Kälber mit kongenitalem SSF schwankte von einem Tag bis zu 41 Tagen. Bei 26 Kälbern war ein SSF die Hauptdiagnose, bei weiteren 67 Kälbern war ein SSF ein Nebenbefund. Von insgesamt 93 Kälbern zeigten 91 Tiere (97,8%) den SSF an den Vordergliedmaßen, davon 79 Kälber (84,9%) vorne beidseits. Die Verteilung der Schweregrade war: Grad 1: 69 Kälber (74,2%), Grad 2: 17 Kälber (18,3%), Grad 3: 3 Kälber (3,2%). Drei weitere Kälber (3,2%) zeigten Grad 1 eines SSF an einer Vordergliedmaße und Grad 2 an der anderen, und ein weiteres Kalb zeigte alle 3 Schweregrade verteilt auf zwei Vordergliedmaßen und eine Hintergliedmaße. 69 Kälber (74,2%) konnten mit einer deutlichen Besserung des SSF entlassen werden und 24 Kälber (25,8%) mussten aufgrund einer anderen schweren Erkrankung euthanasiert werden. Die Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Pedigreeanalyse sprechen mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit gegen das Vorliegen einer Einzelgenmutation als Ursache für die Ausbildung des kongenitalen SSF, vielmehr ist von einem komplexen Vererbungsmuster mit Beteiligung von vielen Einzelgenen auszugehen. In Abhängigkeit des vorhandenen Grades eines SSF und der möglicherweise zusätzlich vorhandenen Erkrankungen muss eine frühzeitige und konsequente Therapie durchgeführt werden, um einen möglichst großen Heilungserfolg zu erreichen. Da Tiere mit SSF Grad 2 und Grad 3 in ihrer Bewegung meist deutlich eingeschränkt sind, ist auf ausreichende Kolostrumversorgung in den ersten Lebensstunden zu achten. | de |
pair_31298213 | Overbagged udders are commonly seen at dairy cow shows in Switzerland and abroad due to prolonged milking intervals. In recent years various studies documented the negative effects of prolonged milking intervals and examined the objectivity of an ultrasound-based assessment scheme for determining udder filling. In addition, risk factors were calculated which lead to udder edema outside the puerperal phase. For example, the effects of a sudden increased 24-hour milking interval were altered behavior (reduced feeding time, increased rumination time) and a significantly increased cell count in experimental cows. Edema formation was observed sonographically in the subcutaneous udder tissue at the sites of predilection known from previous studies. No evidence of edema was observed in cows milked at 12 hour intervals. Based on these results, a new scoring system was defined using ultrasound images of show cows (grade 0 = no edema, grade 1 = slight, grade 2 = moderate, grade 3 = severe edema). Results documented that experienced clinicians were able to score ultrasound images reliable (interobserver reliability κ = 0.815, three different clinicians; intraobserver reliability κ = 0.90 and κ = 0.85, two clinicians) and little variability existed between the clinicians. A prolonged milking interval was identified as the main risk factor. Modified Swiss Dairy Show Regulations were implemented by January 1st, 2018 and ultrasonographic examinations proofed to be reliable in practice. Since January 1st, 2019 visual scoring of the udder filling is evaluated as part of a pre-show inspection. The sonographic evaluation can be used as a reliable diagnostic addition. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Le vacche con mammelle troppo piene a causa dei lunghi intervalli tra una mungitura e l’altra, il cosiddetto overbagging, sono viste regolarmente nelle grandi esposizioni di vacche da latte in Svizzera e all’estero. Negli ultimi anni in Svizzera sono stati condotti diversi studi che, da un lato, hanno dimostrato gli effetti negativi di un intervallo tra mungiture prolungato e, dall’altro, hanno studiato la possibilità di un sistema di valutazione per ecografia per la determinazione dello stato di riempimento della mammella. Inoltre, sono stati calcolati I fattori di rischio che possono determinare un edema della mammella al di fuori del periodo puerperale. Per esempio, gli effetti di un improvviso prolungamento dell’intervallo tra mungiture a 24 ore, includevano alterazioni del comportamento e aumento significativo del numero di cellule. Inoltre, è stata osservata la formazione di edema nel tessuto sottocutaneo della mammella, che poteva essere visualizzato mediante ecografia nei siti di perdilezione noti da studi precedenti. L’edema della mammella non era visibile nelle vacche munte a intervallo di 12 ore. Sulla base di questo risultato, è stato definito un nuovo sistema di classificazione in diversi gradi per l’ecografia della mammella nelle vacche da esposizione (grado 0 = nessun edema, grado 1 = lieve, grado 2 = moderato, grado 3 = grave edema). I risultati hanno mostrato una buona attendibilità nella classificazione delle immagini ecografiche tra gli esperti e poca variabilità tra questi ultimi (attendibilità inter-osservatore κ = 0,815, attendibilità intra-osservatore κ = 0,90 et κ = 0,85). L’intervallo di tempo tra mungiture è stato evidenziato come il principale fattore di rischio. L’esame ecografico della mammella effettuato in alcune vacche dopo la classificazione, è stato introdotto come parte di un emendamento del regolamento sull’esposizione a partire dal 1° gennaio 2018, e si è dimostrato praticabile. Dal 1° gennaio 2019, la valutazione del riempimento della mammella viene eseguita visivamente come parte dell’ispezione pre-esposizione. L’ecografia può essere utilizzata in aggiunta. | it |
pair_31298213 | Overbagged udders are commonly seen at dairy cow shows in Switzerland and abroad due to prolonged milking intervals. In recent years various studies documented the negative effects of prolonged milking intervals and examined the objectivity of an ultrasound-based assessment scheme for determining udder filling. In addition, risk factors were calculated which lead to udder edema outside the puerperal phase. For example, the effects of a sudden increased 24-hour milking interval were altered behavior (reduced feeding time, increased rumination time) and a significantly increased cell count in experimental cows. Edema formation was observed sonographically in the subcutaneous udder tissue at the sites of predilection known from previous studies. No evidence of edema was observed in cows milked at 12 hour intervals. Based on these results, a new scoring system was defined using ultrasound images of show cows (grade 0 = no edema, grade 1 = slight, grade 2 = moderate, grade 3 = severe edema). Results documented that experienced clinicians were able to score ultrasound images reliable (interobserver reliability κ = 0.815, three different clinicians; intraobserver reliability κ = 0.90 and κ = 0.85, two clinicians) and little variability existed between the clinicians. A prolonged milking interval was identified as the main risk factor. Modified Swiss Dairy Show Regulations were implemented by January 1st, 2018 and ultrasonographic examinations proofed to be reliable in practice. Since January 1st, 2019 visual scoring of the udder filling is evaluated as part of a pre-show inspection. The sonographic evaluation can be used as a reliable diagnostic addition. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Des vaches avec des mamelles très remplies en raison d’un intervalle de traite prolongé (appelée overbaging) sont régulièrement observées dans les grandes expositions d’élevage de vaches laitières en Suisse et à l’étranger. Ces dernières années, plusieurs études ont été menées en Suisse. Elles ont montré d’une part les effets négatifs d’un intervalle de traite prolongé et d’autre part, recherché l’objectivité d’un système d’évaluation basé sur l’examen échographique pour la détermination du remplissage de la mamelle. De plus, les facteurs de risque qui conduisent à un œdème du pis en dehors de la phase puerpérale ont été calculés. Un intervalle de traite soudain, porté à 24 heures sur des vaches expérimentales, a par exemple provoqué un comportement considérablement altéré (réduction de la durée d’alimentation, période de rumination prolongée, etc.) et un nombre de cellules somatiques considérablement plus élevé. De plus, un œdème a été observé dans les tissus de la mamelle, ce qui a pu être démontré par échographie aux sites de prédilection connus dans le cadre d’études antérieures. Si les vaches étaient traites toutes les 12 heures, il n’y avait aucune trace d’œdème. Sur la base de cette constatation, l’imagerie par ultrasons des vaches de démonstration a été utilisée pour définir un nouveau système de classement permettant une classification du degré de gravité (degré 0 = pas d’œdème, degré 1 = faible degré, degré 2 = moyen, degré 3 = œdème élevé). Les évaluations ont montré que des observateurs expérimentés étaient capables de donner des notes aux images échographiques avec une forte concordance (fiabilité inter-observateur κ = 0,815 chez trois observateurs différents, fiabilité intra-observateur κ = 0,90 et κ = 0,85 chez deux observateurs différents), de sorte que le résultat de l’évaluation montrait peu de variabilité entre les examinateurs. Les calculs des facteurs de risque ont clairement montré que l’intervalle de traite était le principal facteur de risque. Les examens par échographie de certaines vaches après les classements, introduits dans le cadre d’une modification du règlement sur les expositions à compter du 1er janvier 2018, se sont révélés praticables. Depuis le 1er janvier 2019, l’évaluation du remplissage de la mamelle est effectuée visuellement dans le cadre d’une inspection avant présentation. En complément, l’échographie peut être utilisée à ce moment-là. | fr |
pair_31298213 | Overbagged udders are commonly seen at dairy cow shows in Switzerland and abroad due to prolonged milking intervals. In recent years various studies documented the negative effects of prolonged milking intervals and examined the objectivity of an ultrasound-based assessment scheme for determining udder filling. In addition, risk factors were calculated which lead to udder edema outside the puerperal phase. For example, the effects of a sudden increased 24-hour milking interval were altered behavior (reduced feeding time, increased rumination time) and a significantly increased cell count in experimental cows. Edema formation was observed sonographically in the subcutaneous udder tissue at the sites of predilection known from previous studies. No evidence of edema was observed in cows milked at 12 hour intervals. Based on these results, a new scoring system was defined using ultrasound images of show cows (grade 0 = no edema, grade 1 = slight, grade 2 = moderate, grade 3 = severe edema). Results documented that experienced clinicians were able to score ultrasound images reliable (interobserver reliability κ = 0.815, three different clinicians; intraobserver reliability κ = 0.90 and κ = 0.85, two clinicians) and little variability existed between the clinicians. A prolonged milking interval was identified as the main risk factor. Modified Swiss Dairy Show Regulations were implemented by January 1st, 2018 and ultrasonographic examinations proofed to be reliable in practice. Since January 1st, 2019 visual scoring of the udder filling is evaluated as part of a pre-show inspection. The sonographic evaluation can be used as a reliable diagnostic addition. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Kühe mit stark angefüllten Eutern aufgrund verlängerter Zwischenmelkzeiten (sog. overbagging) sind an grösseren Milchviehausstellungen im In- und Ausland regelmässig zu sehen. In den letzten Jahren wurden in der Schweiz mehrere Studien durchgeführt, die zum einen die negativen Auswirkungen einer verlängerten Zwischenmelkzeit aufgezeigt haben, und andererseits die Objektivierbarkeit eines Ultraschall-basierten Beurteilungsschemas zur Bestimmung der Euterfüllung untersucht haben. Zudem wurden Risikofaktoren berechnet, die ausserhalb der Puerperalphase zu einem Euterödem führen. Zu den Auswirkungen eines plötzlich auf 24 h ausgedehnten Melkintervalls bei Versuchskühen gehörten beispielsweise ein signifikant verändertes Verhalten (reduzierte Fressdauer, verlängerte Wiederkaudauer, u.a.) und eine signifikant erhöhte Zellzahl. Ausserdem wurde im subkutanen Eutergewebe eine Ödembildung beobachtet, die mittels Ultraschall an den aus früheren Studien bekannten Prädilektionsstellen dargestellt werden konnte. Wurden die Kühe in 12 h-Intervallen gemolken, gab es keine Hinweise auf Euterödeme. Basierend auf dieser Erkenntnis wurde mit Ultraschallbildern von Ausstellungskühen ein neues Gradierungssystem definiert, mithilfe dessen eine Einteilung in verschiedene Schweregrade (Grad 0 = kein Ödem, Grad 1 = geringgradiges, Grad 2 = mittelgradiges, Grad 3 = hochgradiges Ödem) möglich ist. Die Auswertungen zeigten, dass geübte Betrachter die Ultraschallbilder mit grosser Übereinstimmung scoren konnten (interobserver reliability κ = 0.815 bei drei verschiedenen Betrachtern; intraobserver reliability κ = 0.90 und κ = 0.85 bei zwei verschiedenen Betrachtern), das Beurteilungsresultat also wenig Variabilität zwischen den Untersuchern zeigte. Die Berechnungen der Risikofaktoren brachten deutlich die Zwischenmelkzeit als Hauptrisikofaktor zu Tage. Die ultraschallbasierten Untersuchungen bestimmter Kühe nach der Klassierung, eingeführt im Rahmen einer Änderung im Ausstellungsreglement per 1. Januar 2018, erwiesen sich als praxistauglich. Seit 1. Januar 2019 wird die Beurteilung der Euterfüllung visuell im Rahmen einer Vorringkontrolle durchgeführt. Ultraschall kann hierbei ergänzend eingesetzt werden. | de |
pair_31298214 | The calf transports of 34 veal farms were documented over a one-year period in order to describe the transport from dairy to veal farms. Veal farms were visited four to eight times, and general farm management data and information on calf purchase were collected. Thirty-five transports were accompanied and documented in detail by the project team. Whenever possible during the accompanied transports, a questionnaire on calf management prior to purchase (calving location, colostrum feeding, vaccinations, iron and selenium supplementation) was filled in with the manager of the dairy (birth) farm. Unaccompanied transports were recorded using a form completed by the veal farmers and the transporters. Information was collected on the number and origin of the calves, transport duration and distance, and stops on farms and markets. A total of 721 transports from dairy to veal farms (531 transports by veal farmers and 190 by suppliers/livestock traders) were documented in the course of the project. Six veal farmers always collected and transported their own calves, nine received their calves from cattle traders only, and 19 used both systems. Veal farmers transported a median of 2.0 (1-21 calves) and traders 3.0 calves (1-74 calves) per transport. The median number of dairy farms per 10 transported calves was 10.0 (1.2-10 dairy farms per 10 transported calves) for transports performed by veal farmers, and 10.0 (2.5-10 dairy farms per 10 transported calves) by traders. The median transport duration was 20.0 minutes (1-330 minutes) with veal farmers and 45.0 minutes (2-414 minutes) with traders. The median available surface per calf during transport was 2 m2 (0.4-6 m2) in transports by veal farmers and 0.6 m2 (0.4-2.7 m2) in those by traders. No bedding was provided on three transports performed by veal farmers although this is prescribed by law. Intranasal vaccination against respiratory disease was performed in 7% of the 88 birth farms included in the study. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Al fine di documentare il trasporto di vitelli dalle aziende di nascita a quelle da ingrasso, nel corso di un anno sono stati registrati i trasporti di vitelli in 34 aziende da ingrasso. Durante questo periodo le aziende da ingrasso sono state visitate da quattro a otto volte e sono stati raccolti dati generali sulla gestione delle aziende e sull’acquisto dei vitelli. Trentacinque trasporti sono stati accompagnati ed accuratamente documentati dal team di progetto. Quando possibile, in concomitanza di tali accompagnamenti, è stato fatto compilare al responsabile delle aziende di nascita un questionario riguardante la gestione dei vitelli prima della vendita (luogo di nascita, fornitura di colostro, vaccinazioni, somministrazione di ferro e selenio). I trasporti rimanenti (non accompagnati) sono stati registrati per mezzo di un modulo che gli allevatori hanno compilato assieme ai trasportatori. Le informazioni raccolte riguardavano il numero e l’origine dei vitelli, la durata e la distanza del trasporto, e le soste in allevamenti e mercati. Durante il progetto sono stati documentati in totale 721 trasporti dalle aziende di nascita a quelle da ingrasso (531 trasporti ad opera degli allevatori stessi e 190 da parte di fornitori/commercianti di bestiame). Dei 34 responsabili aziendali, sei si sono sempre fatti carico del trasporto dei propri vitelli, nove li hanno ricevuti da un fornitore e 19 hanno utilizzato entrambi i sistemi. Gli allevatori hanno trasportato in media 2.0 (1-21) vitelli e i fornitori 3.0 (1-74) vitelli per trasporto. Il numero medio di aziende di nascita per 10 vitelli trasportati è stato di 10.0 (1.2-10 aziende di nascita per 10 vitelli trasportati) per i trasporti operati dagli ingrassatori, e 10.0 (2.5-10 aziende di nascita per 10 vitelli trasportati) per quelli ad opera dei fornitori. La durata media di ogni trasporto è stata di 20.0 minuti (1-330 minuti) per gli ingrassatori e 45.0 minuti (2-414 minuti) per i fornitori. Per i trasporti accompagnati, la superficie media disponibile per ogni vitello era di 2 m2 (0.4-6 m2) per gli allevatori e 0.6 m2 (0.4-2.7 m2) per i fornitori. Nonostante l’obbligo di legge, tre trasporti ad opera di allevatori sono stati condotti senza lettiera. Una vaccinazione intranasale contro malattie respiratorie è stata fatta nel 7% delle 88 aziende di nascita che hanno compilato il questionario. | it |
pair_31298214 | The calf transports of 34 veal farms were documented over a one-year period in order to describe the transport from dairy to veal farms. Veal farms were visited four to eight times, and general farm management data and information on calf purchase were collected. Thirty-five transports were accompanied and documented in detail by the project team. Whenever possible during the accompanied transports, a questionnaire on calf management prior to purchase (calving location, colostrum feeding, vaccinations, iron and selenium supplementation) was filled in with the manager of the dairy (birth) farm. Unaccompanied transports were recorded using a form completed by the veal farmers and the transporters. Information was collected on the number and origin of the calves, transport duration and distance, and stops on farms and markets. A total of 721 transports from dairy to veal farms (531 transports by veal farmers and 190 by suppliers/livestock traders) were documented in the course of the project. Six veal farmers always collected and transported their own calves, nine received their calves from cattle traders only, and 19 used both systems. Veal farmers transported a median of 2.0 (1-21 calves) and traders 3.0 calves (1-74 calves) per transport. The median number of dairy farms per 10 transported calves was 10.0 (1.2-10 dairy farms per 10 transported calves) for transports performed by veal farmers, and 10.0 (2.5-10 dairy farms per 10 transported calves) by traders. The median transport duration was 20.0 minutes (1-330 minutes) with veal farmers and 45.0 minutes (2-414 minutes) with traders. The median available surface per calf during transport was 2 m2 (0.4-6 m2) in transports by veal farmers and 0.6 m2 (0.4-2.7 m2) in those by traders. No bedding was provided on three transports performed by veal farmers although this is prescribed by law. Intranasal vaccination against respiratory disease was performed in 7% of the 88 birth farms included in the study. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Afin de documenter les transports de veaux des exploitations de naissance aux exploitations d’engraissement, les transports dans 34 fermes d’engraissement ont été documentés pendant un an. Les exploitations d’engraissement ont été visitées quatre à huit fois au cours de cette période et des données générales ont été recueillies sur l’exploitation et sur l’achat des veaux. Trente-cinq transports ont été accompagnés et documentés avec précision par l’équipe du projet. Si possible, un questionnaire sur la gestion des veaux avant la vente (lieu de naissance, apport en colostrum, vaccinations, administration de fer et de sélénium) a été rempli avec les responsables de l’exploitation de naissance lors des transports accompagnés. Les autres transports (non accompagnés) ont été documentés à l’aide d’un formulaire que les agriculteurs ont rempli avec les transporteurs. Des informations ont été recueillies sur le nombre et l’origine des veaux, la durée et la distance de transport, ainsi que les arrêts dans les fermes et les marchés. Au total, 721 transports de l’exploitation de naissance à celle d’engraissement ont pu être documentés au cours du projet (531 transports par les engraisseurs eux-mêmes et 190 par des fournisseurs/marchands de bétail). Sur les 34 engraisseurs, six allaient toujours chercher leurs veaux eux-mêmes, neuf les achetaient toujours à un fournisseur, et 19 faisaient les deux. Les engraisseurs transportaient un médian de 2,0 veaux (1-21 veaux) et les fournisseurs de 3,0 veaux (1-74 veaux) par transport. Le nombre médian d’exploitations de naissance par 10 veaux transportés était 10,0 (1,2 à 10 exploitations par 10 veaux) pour les transports effectués par les engraisseurs et de 10,0 pour ceux effectués par les fournisseurs (2,5 à 10 exploitations par 10 veaux). La durée médiane des transports était de 20,0 minutes (1-330 minutes) pour les engraisseurs et de 45,0 minutes (2-414 minutes) pour les marchands de bétail. Pour les transports accompagnés, la surface médiane par veau était de 2 m2 (0,4 à 6 m2) pour les engraisseurs et de 0,6 m2 (0,4 à 2,7 m2) pour les marchands. Il n’y avait pas de litière sur trois transports d’engraisseurs, bien que cela soit exigé par la loi. Une vaccination intranasale contre les maladies respiratoires était réalisée dans 7% des 88 fermes de naissance pour lesquelles un questionnaire a été rempli. | fr |
pair_31298214 | The calf transports of 34 veal farms were documented over a one-year period in order to describe the transport from dairy to veal farms. Veal farms were visited four to eight times, and general farm management data and information on calf purchase were collected. Thirty-five transports were accompanied and documented in detail by the project team. Whenever possible during the accompanied transports, a questionnaire on calf management prior to purchase (calving location, colostrum feeding, vaccinations, iron and selenium supplementation) was filled in with the manager of the dairy (birth) farm. Unaccompanied transports were recorded using a form completed by the veal farmers and the transporters. Information was collected on the number and origin of the calves, transport duration and distance, and stops on farms and markets. A total of 721 transports from dairy to veal farms (531 transports by veal farmers and 190 by suppliers/livestock traders) were documented in the course of the project. Six veal farmers always collected and transported their own calves, nine received their calves from cattle traders only, and 19 used both systems. Veal farmers transported a median of 2.0 (1-21 calves) and traders 3.0 calves (1-74 calves) per transport. The median number of dairy farms per 10 transported calves was 10.0 (1.2-10 dairy farms per 10 transported calves) for transports performed by veal farmers, and 10.0 (2.5-10 dairy farms per 10 transported calves) by traders. The median transport duration was 20.0 minutes (1-330 minutes) with veal farmers and 45.0 minutes (2-414 minutes) with traders. The median available surface per calf during transport was 2 m2 (0.4-6 m2) in transports by veal farmers and 0.6 m2 (0.4-2.7 m2) in those by traders. No bedding was provided on three transports performed by veal farmers although this is prescribed by law. Intranasal vaccination against respiratory disease was performed in 7% of the 88 birth farms included in the study. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Um Kälbertransporte von Geburtsbetrieben auf die Mastbetriebe zu dokumentieren, wurden Kälbertransporte in 34 Mastbetrieben während eines Jahres erfasst. Die Mastbetriebe wurden während dieser Zeit vier bis acht Mal besucht und es wurden allgemeine Daten zum Betrieb und zum Kälberzukauf erhoben. Fünfunddreissig Transporte wurden vom Projektteam begleitet und genau dokumentiert. Wenn möglich wurde im Rahmen der begleiteten Transporte mit den Geburtsbetriebsleitern ein Fragebogen über das Kälbermanagement vor dem Verkauf (Ort der Geburt, Kolostrumversorgung, Impfungen, Gabe von Eisen und Selen) bearbeitet. Die anderen (unbegleiteten) Transporte wurden anhand eines Formulars erfasst, das die Landwirte mit den Transporteuren ausfüllten. Dabei wurden Informationen zu Anzahl und Herkunft der Kälber, Transportdauer und -strecke sowie Stopps auf Betrieben und Märkten erfasst. Insgesamt konnten während des Projektes 721 Transporte vom Geburts- auf den Mastbetrieb dokumentiert werden (531 Transporte durch die Mäster selbst und 190 durch Lieferanten/Viehhändler). Von den 34 Betriebsleitern holten sechs ihre Kälber immer selbst, neun bekamen alle von einem Lieferanten und 19 beides. Mäster transportierten im Median 2.0 (1-21 Kälber) und Lieferanten 3.0 Kälber (1-74 Kälber) pro Transport. Die Anzahl Geburtsbetriebe pro 10 transportierte Kälber betrug im Median bei Transporten, die Mäster durchführten, 10.0 (1.2-10 Geburtsbetriebe pro 10 transportierte Kälber) und bei Transporten, die Lieferanten durchführten, 10.0 Betriebe (2.5-10 Geburtsbetriebe pro 10 transportierte Kälber). Die Dauer aller Transporte war im Median bei Mästern 20.0 Minuten (1-330 Minuten) und bei Lieferanten 45.0 Minuten (2-414 Minuten). Bei den begleiteten Transporten war die Fläche pro Kalb im Median bei Mästern 2 m2 (0.4-6 m2) und bei Lieferanten 0.6 m2 (0.4-2.7 m2). Bei drei Transporten von Mästern war keine Einstreu vorhanden, obwohl dies gesetzlich vorgeschrieben ist. Eine intranasale Impfung gegen respiratorische Erkrankungen wurde bei 7% der 88 Geburtsbetriebe, von denen ein Fragebogen ausgefüllt wurde, durchgeführt. | de |
pair_31298215 | Ovine footrot caused by Dichelobacter nodosus is a highly contagious and painful disease representing an economic as well as an animal welfare problem. In order to get more information on the infection dynamics, 26 lambs and 4 ewes enrolled in an in-contact infection trial were monitored over two weeks for the presence of D. nodosus-specific DNA. Two D. nodosus-positive ewes were housed together with 13 confirmed negative lambs. The control group consisted of another 13 lamb siblings and two confirmed D. nodosus-negative ewes. Every foot of all sheep was sampled seven times over the two weeks experiment period and subsequently analyzed for the presence of D. nodosus by quantitative real-time PCR. The control group was negative at the beginning and the end of the experiment and showed no clinical symptoms of footrot. The two positive ewes showed a high, but hundred fold differing level of virulent D. nodosus that remained constant over time with one of the ewes being also weakly positive for benign D. nodosus. All lambs of the infection group were positive for virulent D. nodosus at 14 days post infection (dpi). The first positive animals were observed on 3 dpi. The D. nodosus load remained at a low level and only increased in a few lambs at the end of the trial. Five of the contact lambs showed suspicious clincal signs (score 1-2) at 14 dpi corroborating the PCR results and indicating that the disease starts as early as two weeks after contact with positive sheep. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La zoppina negli ovini causata dal Dichelobacter nodosus è una malattia altamente contagiosa e dolorosa che rappresenta un problema sia economico che del benessere degli animali. Per capire maggiormente la dinamica della trasmissione, in uno studio a contatto dell’infezione, 26 agnelli e 4 pecore sono stati monitorati per due settimane per la presenza di ADN specifico a D. nodosus. Due pecore positive al D. nodosus sono state messe a contatto con 13 agnelli negativi al patogeno. Il gruppo di controllo era formato da altri 13 agnelli gemelli e da due pecore negative. Sette campioni sono stati prelevati dagli zoccoli di ogni animale durante le due settimane di sperimentazione e analizzati per la presenza di D. nodosus con un’analisi quantitativa di real-time PCR. Sia all’inizio che alla fine della sperimentazione, il gruppo di controllo è risultato negativo e non presentava nessun sintomo clinico alla zoppina. Durante il periodo dello studio, le due pecore positive hanno mostrato un livello alto ma costante nel tempo di D. nodosus virulento ma con un contenuto cento volte differente e una pecora è risultata pure debolmente positiva al D. nodosus benigno. Tutti gli agnelli del gruppo infettato sono risultati positivi al D. nodosus virulento dopo 14 giorni dal contatto (dpi). I primi animali positivi sono stati osservati a 3 dpi. La carica di D. nodosus è rimasta a livelli bassi ed è aumentata solo in pochi agnelli alla fine dello studio. Cinque degli agnelli del gruppo a contatto hanno mostrato dei sintomi sospetti (punteggio 1-2) a 14 dpi. Questo ha confermato i risultati dell’analisi PCR e ha indicato che l’infezione inizia al più presto due settimane dopo il contatto con delle pecore positive. | it |
pair_31298215 | Ovine footrot caused by Dichelobacter nodosus is a highly contagious and painful disease representing an economic as well as an animal welfare problem. In order to get more information on the infection dynamics, 26 lambs and 4 ewes enrolled in an in-contact infection trial were monitored over two weeks for the presence of D. nodosus-specific DNA. Two D. nodosus-positive ewes were housed together with 13 confirmed negative lambs. The control group consisted of another 13 lamb siblings and two confirmed D. nodosus-negative ewes. Every foot of all sheep was sampled seven times over the two weeks experiment period and subsequently analyzed for the presence of D. nodosus by quantitative real-time PCR. The control group was negative at the beginning and the end of the experiment and showed no clinical symptoms of footrot. The two positive ewes showed a high, but hundred fold differing level of virulent D. nodosus that remained constant over time with one of the ewes being also weakly positive for benign D. nodosus. All lambs of the infection group were positive for virulent D. nodosus at 14 days post infection (dpi). The first positive animals were observed on 3 dpi. The D. nodosus load remained at a low level and only increased in a few lambs at the end of the trial. Five of the contact lambs showed suspicious clincal signs (score 1-2) at 14 dpi corroborating the PCR results and indicating that the disease starts as early as two weeks after contact with positive sheep. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Le piétin causé par Dichelobacter nodosus est une maladie hautement contagieuse et douloureuse qui représente à la fois un problème économique et de bien-être animal. Pour avoir plus informations sur la dynamique de l’infection, 26 agneaux et 4 brebis appartenant à un groupe d’essai d’infection par contact ont été contrôlés pendant deux semaines quant à la présence d’ADN spécifique de D. nodosus. Deux brebis positives pour D. nodosus ont été mises en contact avec 13 agneaux confirmés négatifs. Le groupe témoin était formé de 13 autres agneaux et deux brebis confirmées négatives. Sept échantillons sur écouvillon ont été prélevés sur chaque pied de chaque mouton au cours des deux semaines de la période expérimentale et analysés quant à la présence de D. nodosus par PCR quantitative en temps réel. Le groupe témoin était négatif au début et à la fin de l’expérience et n’a montré aucun symptôme clinique de piétin. Les deux brebis positives ont montré une forte présence de D. nodosus virulent, mais de cent niveaux différents, qui est restée constant dans le temps, l’une des brebis étant aussi faiblement positive pour D. nodosus bénin. Tous les agneaux du groupe infecté étaient positifs pour D. nodosus virulent 14 jours après l’infection (dpi). Les premiers animaux positifs ont été observés à 3 dpi. La charge de D. nodosus est restée faible et n’a augmenté que chez quelques agneaux à la fin de l’expérience. Cinq des agneaux en contact ont présenté des symptômes suspects (score 1-2) à 14 dpi, corroborant les résultats de la PCR et indiquant que l’infection commence dès deux semaines après le contact avec des moutons positifs. | fr |
pair_31298215 | Ovine footrot caused by Dichelobacter nodosus is a highly contagious and painful disease representing an economic as well as an animal welfare problem. In order to get more information on the infection dynamics, 26 lambs and 4 ewes enrolled in an in-contact infection trial were monitored over two weeks for the presence of D. nodosus-specific DNA. Two D. nodosus-positive ewes were housed together with 13 confirmed negative lambs. The control group consisted of another 13 lamb siblings and two confirmed D. nodosus-negative ewes. Every foot of all sheep was sampled seven times over the two weeks experiment period and subsequently analyzed for the presence of D. nodosus by quantitative real-time PCR. The control group was negative at the beginning and the end of the experiment and showed no clinical symptoms of footrot. The two positive ewes showed a high, but hundred fold differing level of virulent D. nodosus that remained constant over time with one of the ewes being also weakly positive for benign D. nodosus. All lambs of the infection group were positive for virulent D. nodosus at 14 days post infection (dpi). The first positive animals were observed on 3 dpi. The D. nodosus load remained at a low level and only increased in a few lambs at the end of the trial. Five of the contact lambs showed suspicious clincal signs (score 1-2) at 14 dpi corroborating the PCR results and indicating that the disease starts as early as two weeks after contact with positive sheep. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Moderhinke verursacht durch Dichelobacter nodosus ist eine hoch ansteckende und schmerzhafte Krankheit, die sowohl ein wirtschaftliches als auch ein Tierschutzproblem darstellt. In einer Kontaktinfektionsstudie wurden 26 Lämmer und 4 Mutterschafe über einen Zeitraum von zwei Wochen auf das Vorhandensein von D. nodosus-spezifischer Desoxyribonukleinsäure (DNS) untersucht. Zwei D. nodosus-positive Mutterschafe wurden zusammen mit 13 bestätigten negativen Lämmern gehalten. Die Kontrollgruppe bestand aus weiteren 13 Lammgeschwistern und zwei bestätigten negativen Mutterschafen. Während des zweiwöchigen Versuchszeitraums wurden von jedem Schaffuss sieben Abstrichproben entnommen und mittels einer quantitativen Echtzeit-Polymerase Kettenreaktion (PCR) auf das Vorhandensein von D. nodosus analysiert. Die Kontrollgruppe war zu Beginn und am Ende des Experiments negativ und zeigte keine klinischen Symptome von Moderhinke. Im Versuchszeitraum wurde bei beiden positiven Mutterschafen ein konstant hoher, aber hundertfach unterschiedlicher Gehalt an virulentem D. nodosus nachgewiesen. Ein Mutterschaf war auch schwach positiv für benigne D. nodosus. Alle Lämmer der Infektionsgruppe waren 14 Tage nach dem Kontakt (TnK) positiv für virulente D. nodosus. Die ersten positiven Tiere wurden 3 TnK beobachtet. Der D. nodosus Nachweis blieb auf einem niedrigen Niveau und stieg am Ende des Versuchs nur bei einigen Lämmern an. Bei 14 TnK zeigten fünf der Kontaktlämmer verdächtige klinische Symptome (Score 1-2) was die PCR-Ergebnisse bestätigte und darauf hindeutete, dass die Krankheit bereits zwei Wochen nach dem Kontakt mit positiven Schafen begann. | de |
pair_31298216 | We describe patient-specific surgical guide prototyping and surgical treatment of a complex antebrachial deformity in two skeletally mature dogs presented with chronic lameness. Computer-assisted surgery was elected to increase accuracy in the correction of the complex deformity. Radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a biplane deformity with valgus, procurvatum and external torsion of the right radius in both cases. The pre-surgical planning started from the quantification of the angular deformity, followed by computer simulated correction and to end up with a rehearsal surgery on 3D printed bone models. During the surgery, the custom-made osteotomy guides closely fitted the bone, allowing for a precise corrective osteotomy, that was stabilized with two locking plates. Postoperative radiographs showed the successful correction of the deformity. Eight and 12 weeks postoperative follow up examinations showed improved lameness, weight-bearing and progression of bone healing in both dogs. Patient-specific surgical guides allowed for a satisfactory correction of the antebrachial deformity. Additional benefits of using customized surgical devices include standardization and reduced surgical time. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | In questo studio viene descritta un’osteotomia correttiva con l’aiuto di una guida chirurgica specifica al paziente e del trattamento chirurgico di una complessa deformità antibrachiale in due cani con scheletro adulto che presentano una zoppia cronica. Per aumentare la precisione nella correzione della complessa deformità, si è scelto di utilizzare la chirurgia assistita da computer. Sia le radiografie che la tomografia (CT) hanno rivelato delle deformazioni biplanari con valgo, deformità procurvata e torsione esterna del radio destro in entrambi i casi. La pianificazione preoperatoria comprendeva la quantificazione della deformità, la simulazione della correzione al computer e infine l’esecuzione di un intervento chirurgico su modelli ossei in 3D. Durante l’intervento, la guida osteotomica specifica al paziente si adattava con precisione all’osso, permettendo una precisa osteotomia correttiva stabilizzata da due stabili piastre. Le radiografie post operative mostravano la correzione della deformità effettuata con successo. I controlli postoperatori a otto e 12 settimane mostravano un miglioramento della zoppia, un miglior carico del peso e una progressiva guarigione ossea in entrambi i cani. Le guide chirurgiche specifiche al paziente hanno permesso delle osteotomie accurate e la correzione della deformità dell’arto antibrachiale. Un ulteriore vantaggio di questo metodo è una possibile standardizzazione e una riduzione dei tempi operativi. | it |
pair_31298216 | We describe patient-specific surgical guide prototyping and surgical treatment of a complex antebrachial deformity in two skeletally mature dogs presented with chronic lameness. Computer-assisted surgery was elected to increase accuracy in the correction of the complex deformity. Radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a biplane deformity with valgus, procurvatum and external torsion of the right radius in both cases. The pre-surgical planning started from the quantification of the angular deformity, followed by computer simulated correction and to end up with a rehearsal surgery on 3D printed bone models. During the surgery, the custom-made osteotomy guides closely fitted the bone, allowing for a precise corrective osteotomy, that was stabilized with two locking plates. Postoperative radiographs showed the successful correction of the deformity. Eight and 12 weeks postoperative follow up examinations showed improved lameness, weight-bearing and progression of bone healing in both dogs. Patient-specific surgical guides allowed for a satisfactory correction of the antebrachial deformity. Additional benefits of using customized surgical devices include standardization and reduced surgical time. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Nous décrivons le prototypage d’une procédure chirurgicale spécifique au patient et le traitement chirurgical d’une déformation antébrachiale complexe chez deux chiens ayant atteint leur maturité squelettique et présentant une boiterie chronique. La chirurgie assistée par ordinateur a été choisie pour accroître la précision de la correction de la déformation complexe. Les radiographies et la tomodensitométrie (TDM) ont révélé une déformation dans deux plans avec valgus, procurvatum et torsion externe du radius droit dans les deux cas. La planification préopératoire a commencé par la quantification de la déformation angulaire, suivie par une correction simulée sur ordinateur et a abouti à une opération de répétition sur des modèles d’os imprimés en 3D. Pendant l’intervention, des guides d’ostéotomie sur mesure ont ajusté l’os de manière exacte, permettant ainsi une ostéotomie correctrice précise, stabilisée avec deux plaques de verrouillage. Les radiographies postopératoires ont montré la réussite de le correction de la déformation. Les examens de suivi postopératoires effectués à huit et douze semaines ont montré une amélioration de la boiterie et de la mise en charge ainsi que la progression de la cicatrisation des os chez les deux chiens. Les guides chirurgicaux spécifiques au patient ont permis une correction satisfaisante de la déformation antébrachiale. L’utilisation de matériel chirurgical personnalisé comporte d’autres avantages, tels que la standardisation et la réduction du temps de l’intervention chirurgicale. | fr |
pair_31298216 | We describe patient-specific surgical guide prototyping and surgical treatment of a complex antebrachial deformity in two skeletally mature dogs presented with chronic lameness. Computer-assisted surgery was elected to increase accuracy in the correction of the complex deformity. Radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a biplane deformity with valgus, procurvatum and external torsion of the right radius in both cases. The pre-surgical planning started from the quantification of the angular deformity, followed by computer simulated correction and to end up with a rehearsal surgery on 3D printed bone models. During the surgery, the custom-made osteotomy guides closely fitted the bone, allowing for a precise corrective osteotomy, that was stabilized with two locking plates. Postoperative radiographs showed the successful correction of the deformity. Eight and 12 weeks postoperative follow up examinations showed improved lameness, weight-bearing and progression of bone healing in both dogs. Patient-specific surgical guides allowed for a satisfactory correction of the antebrachial deformity. Additional benefits of using customized surgical devices include standardization and reduced surgical time. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Der vorliegende Fallbericht beschreibt eine Korrekturosteotomie mit Hilfe einer patientenspezifischen chirurgischen Schablone bei zwei ausgewachsenen Hunden mit chronischer Lahmheit. Aufgrund der Komplexität der Unterarmdeformität wurde eine computerassistierte Chirurgie gewählt. Sowohl die Röntgenbilder als auch die Computertomographie zeigten biplanare Deformitäten mit einer Valgus, Prokurvatum und Aussenrotation Fehlstellung des rechten Radius. Die präoperative Planung beinhaltete die Quantifizierung der Deformität, die Computersimulation der Korrekturosteotomie und die Durchführung der Operation an 3D gedruckten Knochenmodellen. Die spezialangefertigten Osteotomie-Schablonen wiesen intraoperativ eine akkurate Knochenanpassung auf, welche präzise Korrekturosteotomien mittels jeweils zwei winkelstabilen Platten erlaubten. Die postoperativen Röntgenbilder zeigten in beiden Fällen eine gelungene Korrektur der vorangegangenen Deformitäten. Die klinischen und röntgenologischen Kontrollen nach 8 und 12 Wochen wiesen eine abnehmende Lahmheit, bessere Gewichtsbelastung und progressive Knochenheilung bei beiden Hunden nach. Die Patientenspezifischen chirurgischen Schablonen erlaubten akkurate Osteotomien und Korrekturen der Unterarmdeformitäten. Ein zusätzlicher Nutzen dieser Methode ist eine mögliche Standardisierung und eine Verkürzung der Operationszeit. | de |
pair_31308266 | It is necessary for an effective NIV application to provide proper modality selection, sufficient minute ventilation (MV), also the amount of leakage on the circuit must be minimized and patient-ventilator adaptation must be achieved. 30 patients with acute respiratory failure as a result of either internal or postoperative reasons were included in the study. Patient comfort was analyzed with a scale ranging from 0 to 2. Firstly the patient was used for two hours in BIPAP modality, after then the AVAPS modality (Period Av) was applied by setting the required rates the same mask. During BIPAP and AVAPS, arterial blood gases analysis, comfort scale and hemodynamic parameters were recorded in the 30th minute, 1st hour and 2nd hour. According to the assessment of arterial blood gases, the pH changes of both periods were statistically significant compared to their baseline values (p=0.001). Treatment compliance of the patients was significantly better at AVAPS modality at all times (p = 0.015, p = 0.008, p = 0.008, respectively). According to the results obtained from this study, the AVAPS modality has positive effects on pH and gas variation and patient comfort; therefore, it can be confidently used in clinical practice. Average Volume Assured Pressure Support, Bilevel Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, Intensive Care Units, Noninvasive Ventilation, Patients Compliance. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Per ottenere un’efficace ventilazione non invasiva (NIV) è necessaria la scelta di un metodo adeguato per ottenere una ventilazione al minuto (MV) sufficiente, ed inoltre la perdita del circuito deve essere ridotta al minimo e deve ottenersi l’adattamento del paziente al ventilatore. Sono stati inseriti nello studio 30 pazienti con insufficienza respiratoria acuta o da cause interne oppure per ragioni del postoperatorio. Lo stato di benessere dei pazienti è stato analizzato con una scala da 0 a 2. Inizialmente il paziente è stato impegnato per due ore in modalità Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BIPAP), dopo di che è stata applicata la modalità Average Volume Assured Pressure Support (AVAPS) impostando nella stessa maschera i tassi richiesti. Durante la BIPAP e AVAPS, l’emogasanaklisi, la scala di benessere ed i parametri emodinamici sono stati registrati al 30 ° minuto, alla 1a ora e alla 2a ora. In accordo con la valutazione dei gas ematici arteriosi, i cambiamenti di pH di entrambi i periodi erano statisticamente significativi rispetto ai loro valori basali (p = 0,001). La compliance al trattamento dei pazienti è stata significativamente migliore in modalità AVAPS in ogni momento (p = 0,015, p = 0,008, p = 0,008, rispettivamente). CONCLUSIONI: In base ai risultati ottenuti da questo studio, la modalità AVAPS ha effetti positivi sulla variazione di pH e dei gas e sul comfort del paziente; pertanto, può essere tranquillamente utilizzato nella pratica clinica. | it |
pair_31315409 | Beta thalassaemia represents one of the most common autosomal recessive disorders worldwide. High prevalence is present in the Mediterranean, Middle East and Far East. The highest incidences are reported in Cyprus, South East Asia and Sardinia and are most likely related to the selective pressure from Pl. falciparum, the causative agent of malaria. In Sardinia, because of the health relevance of beta thalassaemia and haemoglobinopathies and after the publication of the first scientific research on Cooley's anaemia, important Schools of Paediatrics and Clinical Genetics have been set up, which have contributed to defining diagnostic criteria, therapeutic and preventive measures (especially, newborn screening). The aim of the present study is to examine the results of the first scientific research made by the Sardinian Schools of Paediatrics and Clinical Genetics, from 1929 to 1957. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La beta thalassemia rappresenta una delle piů comuni patologie autosomiche recessive nel mondo. I Paesi mediterranei, del Medio Oriente e del Sud Est Asiatico sono regioni ad alta prevalenza di beta thalassemia. Le piů alte incidenze sono riportate a Cipro, nel Sud Est Asiatico e in Sardegna, correlate molto probabilmente alla pressione selettiva esercitata dal Pl. falciparum, agente eziologico della malaria. In Sardegna, per la rilevanza sanitaria della patologia e in seguito alla pubblicazione dei primi studi scientifici sul morbo di Cooley, sono fiorite importanti scuole di pediatria e genetica medica, che contribuiranno alla definizione dei criteri diagnostici, della terapia e della prevenzione, anche neonatale, dell’anemia mediterranea e delle emoglobinopatie. | it |
pair_34001681 | We present a case of Boerhaave's syndrome successfully managed by open transabdominal approach 48 h after the acute event. A 55-year-old female presented with hydropneumothorax, chest pain, dyspnea, vomiting and fever. The urgent radiologic (X-ray, CT) and endoscopic study revealed the large defect of left posterolateral wall of esophagus with extrusion of fluid and gastric contents into the mediastinum and left chest. Emergency intercostal drainage insertion was performed and patient was transferred to our hospital. By open transabdominal approach after the wide sagittal diaphragmotomy the primary repair over the nasogastric tube using simple interrupted sutures (Vicryl 3/0) and partial fundoplication to cover the suture line was performed. Chest drainage tubes was then positioned near and parallel to the repaired esophagus and feeding jejunostomy was then performed for enteral nutrition. On the seventh postoperative day, a gastrografin swallow showed a small leak in the repair site without any collection, which was healed after 1,5 month of conservative treatment. We consider, that proactive surgical approach with primary surgical repair is still possible and feasible option despite the late presentation of Boerhaave's syndrome. KEY WORDS: Active drainage, Boerhaave's syndrome, Primary repair. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Presentiamo un caso di sindrome di Boerhaave gestita con successo 48 ore dopo l’evento acuto mediante approccio transaddominale aperto. Una donna di 55 anni presentava idropneumotorace, dolore toracico, dispnea, vomito e febbre. Lo studio radiologico in urgenza (raggi X, TC) ed endoscopico ha dimostrato la grande soluzione di continuo nella parete posterolaterale sinistra dell’esofago con estrusione di contenuto fluido e gastrico nel mediastino e nell’emitorace sinistro. È stato eseguito l’inserimento di un drenaggio intercostale di emergenza e la paziente è stata trasferita al nostro ospedale. Dopo ampia diaframmotomia sagittale, per via transaddominale open, è stata eseguita una riparazione primaria su sondino nasogastrico utilizzando semplici suture interrotte (Vicryl 3/0) e una fundoplicatio parziale per coprire la linea di sutura. Quindi sono stati posizionati vicino e paralleli all’esofago riparato i tubi di drenaggio toracico ed è stata eseguita una digiunostomia per proseguire con nutrizione enterale. Una esofagografia con gastrografin in settima giornata postoperatoria ha mostrato una piccola perdita nel sito di riparazione, senza alcuna raccolta, che è guarita dopo 1,5 mesi di trattamento conservativo. Secondo noi, l’approccio per una riparazione chirurgica primaria immediata – entro 48 ore – è ancora possibile e un’opzione fattibile nonostante la presentazione tardiva della sindrome di Boerhaave. | it |
pair_34028454 | Patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may present with a wide range of symptoms. In this paper, a detailed characterisation of mild-to-moderate ear, nose nd throat (ENT) symptoms is presented with the aim of recognising the disease early to help reduce further spread and progression. A total of 230 cases testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 134 negative controls were recruited for a case-control analysis. Symptoms were analysed using the Acute Respiratory Tract Infections Questionnaire, while other symptoms were investigated by <i>ad hoc</i> questions. Among the study samples (n = 364), 149 were males and 215 were females with age ranging from 20 to 89 years (mean 52.3). Four main groups of symptoms were obtained: influenza-like symptoms, ENT-symptoms, breathing issues and asthenia-related symptoms, representing 72%, 69%, 64% and 53% of overall referred clinical manifestations, respectively. ENT symptoms, breathing issues and influenza-like symptoms were associated with positivity to SARS-CoV-2, whereas asthenia-related symptoms did not show a significant association with SARS-CoV-2 infection after controlling for other symptoms, comorbidities and demographic characteristics. ENT symptoms are equally represented with influenza-like ones as presenting symptoms of COVID-19. Patients with ENT symptoms should be investigated for early identification and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 spread. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Importanza del rilevamento precoce dei sintomi ORL nella COVID-19 lieve-moderata. I pazienti con malattia da Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) causata dal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) possono presentare una vasta gamma di sintomi. In questo articolo, è mostrata una caratterizzazione dettagliata dei sintomi nei pazienti con malattia lieve-moderata, al fine di riconoscere precocemente la malattia e ridurne l’ulteriore diffusione. Un totale di 230 pazienti risultati positivi per infezione da SARS-CoV-2 e 134 soggetti risultati invece negativi sono stati reclutati per questa analisi caso-controllo. I sintomi sono stati analizzati utilizzando l’Acute Respiratory Tract Infections Questionnaire, mentre altri, sono stati indagati mediante domande ad hoc. La popolazione oggetto dello studio era composta da 364 soggetti; 149 erano maschi e 215 femmine con età compresa tra 20 e 89 anni (media 52,3). Sono stati identificati quattro gruppi di sintomi: sintomi simil-influenzali, sintomi ORL, problemi respiratori e sintomi astenia-correlati che rappresentavano rispettivamente il 72%, 69%, 64% e 53% delle manifestazioni cliniche. Sintomi ORL, problemi respiratori e sintomi simil-influenzali erano associati a positività a SARS-CoV-2, mentre i sintomi correlati all’astenia non mostravano un’associazione significativa con l’infezione da SARS-CoV-2 dopo il controllo di altri sintomi, co-morbidità, e caratteristiche demografiche. I sintomi ORL sono ugualmente rappresentati rispetto a quelli simil-influenzali nell’esordio della COVID-19. I pazienti con sintomi ORL devono essere studiati per l’identificazione precoce e la prevenzione della diffusione del SARS-CoV-2. | it |
pair_34028458 | We retrospectively investigated whether there is a relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma and studied the effect of HT on prognostic factors. 1080 patients, who underwent thyroidectomy in our hospital and received a diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma, were included in the study. In histopathological specimens, the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma was reconfirmed and non-neoplastic areas in the same specimen were evaluated in terms of HT. HT was detected in non-neoplastic areas of specimens in 36.1% (n = 390) of 1080 patients with a diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma whereas HT was not observed in 63.9% (n = 690). There was a significant positive correlation between presence of HT and multifocal location (p < 0.05, χ2 = 38.5). There was no significant relationship between extrathyroidal tissue invasion and HT (p > 0.05). We assume that patients with HT developing papillary thyroid carcinoma have an increased risk of having multifocal tumour, and thus surgical intervention should be tailored according to this risk. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Tiroidite di Hashimoto nel carcinoma papillare della tiroide: studio di 22 anni. Ci siamo proposti di indagare retrospettivamente una relazione tra tiroidite di Hashimoto e carcinoma papillare della tiroide e di studiare l’effetto della tiroidite di Hashimoto (HT) sui fattori prognostici. Sono stati inclusi nello studio 1080 pazienti, che sono stati sottoposti a tiroidectomia nel nostro ospedale e hanno ricevuto la diagnosi di carcinoma papillare della tiroide. Nei campioni istopatologici dei pazienti è stata riconfermata la diagnosi di carcinoma papillare della tiroide e sono state valutate le aree non neoplastiche dello stesso campione in termini di HT. La tiroidite di Hashimoto è stata rilevata in aree non neoplastiche dei campioni nel 36,1% (n = 390) dei pazienti con diagnosi di carcinoma papillare della tiroide mentre la tiroidite di Hashimoto non è stata osservata nel 63,9% (n = 690). L’analisi ha rivelato una correlazione statisticamente significativa tra la presenza della tiroidite di Hashimoto e la localizzazione multifocale (p < 0,05, χ2 = 38,5). Non c’era alcuna relazione statisticamente significativa tra l’invasione del tessuto extratiroideo e la tiroidite di Hashimoto (p > 0,05). Presumiamo che i pazienti con tiroidite di Hashimoto che sviluppano un carcinoma papillare della tiroide abbiano un aumentato rischio di avere un tumore multifocale, quindi, l’intervento chirurgico dovrebbe essere personalizzato in base a questo rischio. | it |
pair_34028457 | This study evaluated the effect of voice intervention in patients who received chemoradiation to the neck for non-laryngeal head and neck malignancies. Twenty individuals with non-laryngeal malignancies of the head and neck who received chemoradiation were divided by block randomisation into an intervention group that received voice rehabilitation and a control group without rehabilitation. All patients underwent acoustic analysis, perceptual and subjective analysis of voice before the commencement of chemoradiotherapy and at 1, 3 and 6 months after chemoradiotherapy. In both groups, all parameters were significantly altered at one month follow-up except for fundamental frequency (females in control group and males in intervention group). In the intervention group, all parameters returned to pretreatment levels (no statistical differences) at 6 months. In the control group, all except for a few subjective parameters (grade, breathiness and asthenia) remained significantly altered at 6 months compared to the levels before radiotherapy. In non-laryngeal head and neck malignancies, voice rehabilitation offered at 1 month after treatment ameliorates chemoradiation-induced dysphonia within 6 months. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Gli effetti della riabilitazione vocale dopo chemioradioterapia per i tumori testa e collo non laringei. Questo studio mira a valutare l’effetto della riabilitazione vocale in pazienti sottoposti a chemiradioterapia per tumori maligni della testa e del collo non laringei. Venti individui con neoplasie non laringee della testa e del collo che hanno effettuato trattamento chemioradioterapico sono stati divisi per randomizzazione in due gruppi: un gruppo ha ricevuto la riabilitazione vocale e un gruppo di controllo senza riabilitazione. Tutti i pazienti sono stati sottoposti ad analisi acustica, analisi percettiva e soggettiva della voce prima dell’inizio della chemio radioterapia e a tre e sei mesi dopo la chemio radioterapia. In entrambi i gruppi, tutti i parametri sono stati alterati in modo significativo a un mese di follow-up ad eccezione della frequenza fondamentale (femmine nel gruppo di controllo e maschi nel gruppo di intervento). Nel gruppo sottoposto a riabilitazione, tutti i parametri sono tornati ai livelli di pretrattamento (nessuna differenza statistica) a 6 mesi di follow-up. Nel gruppo di controllo, tutti tranne alcuni parametri soggettivi (grado, respiro affannoso e astenia) sono rimasti significativamente alterati a 6 mesi, rispetto ai livelli precedenti alla radioterapia. Nei tumori maligni della testa e del collo non laringei, la riabilitazione vocale offerta un mese dopo il trattamento migliora la disfonia entro sei mesi. | it |
pair_34028459 | Respiratory papillomatosis involving the trachea is a challenging problem. In this paper, we present our experience in the management of 13 cases of tracheal papillomatosis and the difficulties encountered in the procedure. The surgical technique and results are discussed. A modified transoral trans-stomal approach was employed for the removal of papillomas by using microdebrider. All patients were operated on under general anaesthesia with intermittent removal of intubation tube and apnoea. All patients required repeated surgeries. Tracheostomy removal was considered after adequate surgery and recurrence-free interval. The follow-up period was 12-24 months. The total number of surgeries per patient ranged from 3-35 (mean 10). Decannulation could be successfully achieved in 9 patients. There were no procedure-related complications. Transoral trans-stomal microdebrider assisted excision of tracheal papilloma showed excellent results without procedure-related complications. It can be used as a routine procedure for tracheal papillomas. The prognosis of tracheal involvement is fair and most patients can be decannulated. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Papillomatosi tracheale e bronchiale ricorrente: il ruolo della strumentazione avanzata nel superamento delle sfide del trattamento chirurgico. La papillomatosi respiratoria tracheale è un problema clinico impegnativo. In questo articolo, presentiamo la nostra esperienza nella gestione di 13 casi di papillomatosi tracheale e le difficoltà incontrate nel loro trattamento chirurgico. Vengono discussi la tecnica chirurgica ed i risultati. Un approccio transorale trans-stomale modificato con l’impiego di microdebrider. Tutti i pazienti sono stati operati in anestesia generale con rimozione intermittente del tubo di intubazione e transitorie brevi fasi di apnea respiratoria. Tutti i pazienti sono stati operati più di una volta. La rimozione della tracheotomia è stata presa in considerazione dopo interventi adeguati ed un lungo intervallo libero da recidive. Il periodo di follow-up è stato di 12-24 mesi. Il numero totale di interventi chirurgici per paziente variava da 3-35 (media 10). La rimozione della tracheotomia è stata ottenuta con successo in 9 pazienti. Non ci sono state complicazioni chirurgiche. L’escissione transorale trans-stomale assistita da microdebrider del papilloma tracheale ha mostrato risultati eccellenti senza complicazioni correlate alla procedura. Può essere utilizzato come procedura di routine per i papillomi tracheali. La prognosi del coinvolgimento tracheale è buona e la maggior parte dei pazienti può essere sottoposto a rimozione di cannula tracheale. | it |
pair_34028460 | The aim of the present study was to objectively and subjectively evaluate the effects of adding rhinophototherapy to intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate to treat nasal congestion in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Seventy-five seasonal allergic rhinitis patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in Group 1 received intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate for two weeks and patients in Group 2 had rhinophototherapy added to the same medical therapy as Group 1. The effectiveness of treatments was evaluated with the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale (NOSE) questionnaires and active anterior rhinomanometry. After treatment, significant improvement was observed in Group 2 <i>vs</i> Group 1 in terms of RQLQ (p = 0.011) and NOSE (p = 0.001) scores. In Group 2, significant differences were observed between before and after treatment for inspiratory total nasal resistance (p = 0.004). However, no significant differences vs. baseline were observed in Group 1. Our study shows that adding intranasal phototherapy with a combination of UVA, UVB and visible light therapy to nasal beclomethasone dipropionate treatment objectively improves nasal patency in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Effetto della rinofototerapia sulla congestione nasale nei pazienti con rinite allergica stagionale. Valutare in maniera oggettiva e soggettiva gli effetti del dipropionato beclometasone con l’aggiunta della rhinofototerapia nel trattamento della rinite allergica stagionale. Settantacinque pazienti affetti da rinire allergica stagionale sono stati randomizzati in due gruppi. Gruppo 1, trattamento con dipropionato beclometasone per due settimane. Gruppo 2, rinofototerapia in aggiunta al trattamento del gruppo 1. L’efficacia dei trattamenti è stata valutata con il Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ), il Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale (NOSE) e la rinomanometria attiva anteriore. È risultata una differenza statisticamente significativa fra il gruppo 2 e 1 in termini di RQLQ (p = 0,011) e NOSE (p = 0,001). Nel gruppo 2 sono risultate delle differenze nelle resistenze nasali (p = 0,004) prima e dopo il trattamento e nessuna differenza statisticamente significativa nel gruppo 1. L’aggiunta della fototerapia intranasale con UVA, UVB e luce bianca migliora i sintomi nei pazienti con rinite allergica stagionale. | it |
pair_34028461 | Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can be classified as eosinophilic (eCRS) or non-eosinophilic (neCRS) based on infiltration type. The SWI/SNF complex may be involved in the pathophysiology of CRS. To assess the expression of the SWI/SNF complex in both CRS groups; to correlate blood eosinophil count (BEC), and histopathology eosinophil count (HPEC) with the SWI/SNF expression level in eCRS and neCRS. The study population consisted of 96 patients (68 eCRS, 28 neCRS). Immunohistochemical staining was performed on sinonasal mucosa for assessment of SWI/SNF protein expression. Type of tissue infiltration was assessed in samples obtained from examined groups (HPEC). The diagnostic value of eCRS was 10 cells/HPF (high power field). Complete blood count was analysed in order to calculate BEC. BEC and HPEC correlated negatively with all the SWI/SNF subunits. HPEC and BEC correlated positively with clinical findings (L-M and SNOT-22), while SWI/SNF correlated negatively with clinical findings (L-M and SNOT-22). The SWI/SNF was observed in both eCRS and neCRS, with lower expression in former. The meaning of its negative correlation with BEC, HPEC and clinical findings in eCRS group remains to be understood. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Il complesso SWI/SNF nella rinosinusite cronica eosinofila e non eosinofila. La rinosinusite cronica (CRS) può essere classificata come eosinofila (eCRS) o non-eosinofila (neCRS), in base al tipo di infiltrato cellulare. Il complesso SWI/SNF potrebbe avere un ruolo nella fisiopatologia della CRS. Valutare l’espressione del complesso SWI/SNF in entrambi i gruppi di CRS; correlare la conta degli eosinofili nel sangue (BEC) e la conta degli eosinofili nel preparato istopatologico (HPEC) con il livello di espressione SWI/SNF nei gruppi eCRS e neCRS. La popolazione dello studio è composta da 96 pazienti (68-eCRS, 28-neCRS), è stata eseguita la colorazione immunoistochimica sulla mucosa rinosinusale per valutare i livelli di espressione della proteina SWI/SNF, è stato valutato il tipo di infiltrato cellulare nei campioni ottenuti (HPEC). Valore di eosinofili, diagnostico di eCRS: 10 cellule / HPF. È stato analizzato l’emocromo completo per calcolare il BEC. BEC e HPEC sono risultati inversamente correlati con tutte le subunità SWI/SNF e correlati positivamente con i dati clinici (L-M e SNOT-22), mentre SWI/SNF erano correlati negativamente con i risultati clinici (L-M e SNOT-22). Il complesso SWI/SNF è risultato presente sia in eCRS che in neCRS, con un’espressione inferiore nel primo tipo di rinosinusite cronica. Il significato della sua correlazione negativa con BEC, HPEC e risultati clinici nel gruppo eCRS resta da indagare. | it |
pair_34028462 | Smell dysfunctions are common with almost 20% percent of the population affected. There are no interventional solutions for these patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility and security of the balloon dilatation technique. This paper describes interventional steps and determines the feasibility and safety of endoscopic olfactory cleft dilatation via balloon device. We included 10 nasal cavities in the study and dilated olfactory cleft areas via balloon device. We could smoothly perform the procedure and did not observe any fractures on the skull base or olfactory cleft of the cadavers after dilatation. A combination of this intervention with medical treatments can be promising for smell dysfunctions. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Dilatazione endoscopica con balloon della fessura olfattoria – studio di fattibilità di una tecnica innovativa su cadavere. Le disfunzioni dell’olfatto sono comuni; quasi il 20 per cento della popolazione ne è colpita. Non ci sono soluzioni risolutive per questi pazienti. Lo scopo di questo studio è indagare la fattibilità e la sicurezza della tecnica di dilatazione con palloncino della fessura olfattoria. Questo paper descrive le fasi della procedura chirurgica e valuta la fattibilità e la sicurezza della dilatazione della fessura olfattiva endoscopica tramite dispositivo a palloncino. Abbiamo incluso dieci fosse nasali nello studio e dilatato le fessure olfattorie tramite dispositivo a palloncino. Abbiamo potuto eseguire la procedura senza problemi e non abbiamo osservato alcuna frattura della base del cranio o della fessura olfattiva dei cadaveri dopo la dilatazione. Una combinazione di questo intervento con trattamenti medici può essere promettente per le disfunzioni dell’olfatto. | it |
pair_34028463 | The aim of present study is to evaluate the impact of prognostic factors on the outcome in a group of prelingually hearing-impaired patients submitted to cochlear implantation (CI) at an adult age. This is a retrospective study on a cohort of prelingually severe-to-profound hearing-impaired patients cochlear implanted in adulthood and followed by a single audiology centre. We correlated post-CI results in term of speech perception with patients' speech perception with hearing aids before implantation, history of progression of hearing loss (HL), and levels of education and cognition. The study group was composed of 49 patients. Post-CI open-set recognition score in silence and noise was significantly correlated with pre-CI open-set recognition score in silence and with background noise. Patients with a history of progression of HL gained significantly better results. Furthermore, we found higher improvements in patients with a higher level of education. Prelingually deafened patients implanted in adulthood achieved satisfactory results. Significantly better results were achieved by patients with better pre-operative speech perception scores, progressive HL and higher level of education. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L’impianto cocleare nei pazienti adulti con sordità prelinguale: fattori prognostici e risultati. L’obiettivo di questo studio è valutare l’impatto di alcuni fattori prognostici sui risultati post impianto cocleare in un gruppo di pazienti affetti da sordità prelinguale sottoposti ad impianto cocleare (IC) in età adulta. È stato fatto uno studio retrospettivo su una coorte di pazienti con sordità prelinguale sottoposti a IC e seguiti da un unico centro impianti cocleari, andando ad analizzare i risultati post-impianto in termini di percezione verbale e correlando questi risultati alle capacità di discriminazione verbale pre-impianto, la presenza di una sordità prelinguale ma ad andamento progressivo, i livelli cognitivi e di istruzione. I risultati percettivi post-IC sono stati significativamente correlati con le capacità di percezione verbale pre-IC; inoltre, migliori risultati sono stati ottenuti dai pazienti con una storia di sordità progressiva. Infine, un miglioramento significativamente più cospicuo si è verificato nei pazienti più scolarizzati. I pazienti con sordità prelinguale impiantati in età adulta possono raggiungere buoni risultati in termine di percezione verbale. Migliori risultati sono ottenibili nei pazienti con storia di progressione della sordità, buone abilità percettive pre-IC, buon livello di scolarizzazione. | it |
pair_34028465 | Despite the increasing incidence rate of vestibular schwannomas (VS), controversies in their management are still present. A 35-item multiple-choice survey investigating the current practice patterns of VS care was sent to the members of the Italian Society of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (SIO) and of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery (SINCH). Among 66 respondents, 37 (56.0%) claimed to be actively involved in VS management. Most interviewees (35.1%) declared > 20 years of experience and 59.5% claimed to work in an academic practice. The number of cases evaluated in each centre per year varied widely, with 54.0% evaluating > 25 cases/year and only 13.6% > 100 cases/year. Multidisciplinary care for VS evaluation was confirmed by 50.0% of respondents, and multidisciplinary surgical care by 62.2%. Observation and surgery were the most common management options proposed. Further details regarding VS care are presented. The present study provides the first overview on the current practice patterns of VS care in Italy. Although integrated in most centres, a multidisciplinary model of care needs to be encouraged. Wide heterogeneity in experience and practices is mostly influenced by the surgeon's different specialties and by the lack of shared guidelines. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L’attuale gestione dello schwannoma vestibolare in Italia: risultati di una survey nazionale. Nonostante il costante incremento di incidenza dello schwannoma vestibolare (VS), non vi è ancora uniformità nella gestione di tale patologia. Un questionario di 35 domande sulle strategie di trattamento del VS è stato sottoposto ai membri della SIO e della SINCH. Tra i 66 intervistati che hanno risposto al questionario, il 56,0% ha confermato di prendere parte attivamente nel trattamento dello VS. La maggioranza dei partecipanti (35,1%) dichiarava > 20 anni di esperienza nel settore, e il 59,5% di lavorare in un contesto accademico. Il 54,0% degli intervistati ha affermato di valutare > 25 casi/anno, mentre solo il 13,6% > 100 casi/anno. Il 50,0% ha dichiarato di valutare lo VS nell’ambito di un gruppo multidisciplinare, mentre il 62,2% di operare in un contesto multidisciplinare. L’approccio conservativo e la chirurgia si confermavano le strategie terapeutiche più frequentemente proposte. Lo studio presenta una prima panoramica sulle strategie di trattamento dello VS in Italia. Nonostante un modello multidisciplinare di gestione dello VS sia già diffuso in molti centri, è necessario incrementarne ulteriormente lo sviluppo. Le diverse specializzazioni del chirurgo e la mancanza di linee guida condivise contribuiscono a determinare la vasta eterogeneità osservata nella gestione del VS nel nostro Paese. | it |
pair_34028464 | Migraine vertigo (MV) and Ménière's disease (MD) share several signs and symptoms such as tinnitus, fullness, photophobia, phonophobia, headache and vertigo spells lasting hours. The aim of the present study was to prospectively observe patients with MV with a sporadic audiological symptom evaluated with clinical examination, Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs), ECochG and v-HIT. The finding of VEMP asymmetry, according to our cut-off of 33% of difference between sides, resulted in 20 cases, of which 6 had asymmetry of both c-VEMPs and o-VEMPS, all with development of fluctuating hearing during follow-up. ECochG was positive for endolymphatic hydrops in 12 patients. The evolution of MV may have a variable course in which some patients may develop symptoms typical of MD. The two diseases may be contextually present at the same time configuring an overlapping syndrome, and asymmetric VEMPs might predict development of fluctuating hearing. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Evoluzione dell’emicrania vestibolare in sindrome da sovrapposizione con la malattia di Ménière: ruolo prognostico degli esami strumentali. La vertigine emicranica e la malattia di Ménière condividono diversi segni e sintomi come acufeni, ovattamento auricolare, fonofobia, cefalea e crisi di vertigine della durata di ore. Lo scopo dello studio è stato quello di valutare prospetticamente i pazienti con vertigine emicranica e manifestazioni audiologiche sporadiche, mediante esame clinico, VEMPs, ECOchG, v-HIT. Il riscontro di asimmetria dei VEMPs, secondo il limite del 33% di differenza tra i due lati, si è avuto in 20 casi dei quali: 6 con asimmetria di ocular e cervical VEMPs e sviluppo di fluttuazione uditiva nel corso del follow-up. L’ECochG ha riscontrato un’idrope endolinfatica in 12 pazienti. L’evoluzione della vertigine emicranica durante la vita del paziente può avere un decorso variabile nel quale alcuni di essi possono sviluppare sintomi tipici della malattia di Meniere. Le due malattie possono essere contestualmente presenti configurando la sindrome da sovrapposizione e l’asimmetria di entrambi i VEMPs potrebbe predire lo sviluppo della fluttuazione uditiva. | it |
pair_32897551 | Using Ignacio Matte Blanco's approach to the unconscious, this paper attempts to explain why the experience of the Self or the unconscious, for example in dreams, is difficult for the ego to understand. Matte Blanco believes that the logic of the unconscious is radically different from the logic of consciousness. The unconscious uses processes that Matte Blanco refers to as symmetry and generalization. Symmetry means that the converse of any relationship is identical to it, so that asymmetrical relationships are treated as if they were symmetrical. Generalization means that the unconscious treats any object as belonging to a larger class of objects that is a subset of an even larger class which is in turn a subset of a wider class ad infinitum. Hence Matte Blanco's idea of the unconscious as infinite sets. These unconscious mechanisms, combined with the possibility that the unconscious has more dimensions than consciousness, contribute to the difficulty of understanding dreams, and help to explain why the Self is experienced as other to the ego. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Usando l'approccio di Ignacio Matte Blanco all'inconscio, questo articolo cerca di spiegare perchè l'esperienza del Sè o dell'inconscio, ad esempio nei sogni, è difficile da comprendere per l'Io. Matte Blanco crede che la logica dell'inconscio sia radicalmente diversa dalla logica della coscienza. L'inconscio utilizza processi che Matte Blanco definisce simmetria e generalizzazione. Simmetria significa che la convergenza di qualsiasi relazione è identica ad essa, in modo che le relazioni asimmetriche siano trattate come se fossero simmetriche. Generalizzazione significa che l'inconscio tratta qualsiasi oggetto come appartenente ad una classe più grande di oggetti che è un sottoinsieme di una classe ancora più grande che è a sua volta un sottoinsieme di una classe più ampia ad infinitum. Da qui l'idea di Matt Blanco dell'inconscio come insiemi infiniti. Questi meccanismi inconsci, combinati con la possibilità che l'inconscio abbia più dimensioni della coscienza, contribuiscono alla difficoltà di comprendere i sogni, e aiutano a spiegare perché il Sè è vissuto come altro rispetto all'Io. | it |
pair_32897551 | Using Ignacio Matte Blanco's approach to the unconscious, this paper attempts to explain why the experience of the Self or the unconscious, for example in dreams, is difficult for the ego to understand. Matte Blanco believes that the logic of the unconscious is radically different from the logic of consciousness. The unconscious uses processes that Matte Blanco refers to as symmetry and generalization. Symmetry means that the converse of any relationship is identical to it, so that asymmetrical relationships are treated as if they were symmetrical. Generalization means that the unconscious treats any object as belonging to a larger class of objects that is a subset of an even larger class which is in turn a subset of a wider class ad infinitum. Hence Matte Blanco's idea of the unconscious as infinite sets. These unconscious mechanisms, combined with the possibility that the unconscious has more dimensions than consciousness, contribute to the difficulty of understanding dreams, and help to explain why the Self is experienced as other to the ego. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | 自性与自己不同吗?为什么神性总感觉来自他者?马特-布兰科与我们对无意识理解对关联 文章借助伊格纳西奥-马特-布兰科对无意识的理解, 来解释为什么我们对自性或对无意识的经验, 比如对梦的经验, 总是让自我难以理解。马特-布兰科相信无意识的逻辑与意识的逻辑完全不同。无意识所使用的过程被马特-布兰科认为是对称和归纳。对称的意思是, 任何关系反过来和正过去看都是完全一样的, 于是不对称的关系也被当作对称的来看待。归纳的意思是指, 无意识把所有的事物都看作是从属于更大类别的事物, 而这些更大类别的事物又是从属于更更大类别事物的子集, 以此类推, 它们从属于无限的子集。于是马特-布兰科把无意识看作是无限的集合。这些无意识的机制, 以及无意识比意识有更多维度的可能性, 可以用来解释为什么梦难以理解, 以及为什么自性被体验为与自我不同。. | zh-cn |
pair_32897551 | Using Ignacio Matte Blanco's approach to the unconscious, this paper attempts to explain why the experience of the Self or the unconscious, for example in dreams, is difficult for the ego to understand. Matte Blanco believes that the logic of the unconscious is radically different from the logic of consciousness. The unconscious uses processes that Matte Blanco refers to as symmetry and generalization. Symmetry means that the converse of any relationship is identical to it, so that asymmetrical relationships are treated as if they were symmetrical. Generalization means that the unconscious treats any object as belonging to a larger class of objects that is a subset of an even larger class which is in turn a subset of a wider class ad infinitum. Hence Matte Blanco's idea of the unconscious as infinite sets. These unconscious mechanisms, combined with the possibility that the unconscious has more dimensions than consciousness, contribute to the difficulty of understanding dreams, and help to explain why the Self is experienced as other to the ego. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Utilisant la conception d’Ignacio Matte Blanco sur l’inconscient, cet article vise à expliquer pourquoi l’expérience du Soi ou de l’inconscient, par exemple dans les rêves, est difficile à comprendre par le moi. Matte Blanco estime que la logique de l’inconscient est radicalement différente de la logique de la conscience. L’inconscient utilise des processus que Matte Blanco nomme symétrie et généralisation. La symétrie signifie que le contraire de toute relation est identique à cette relation, ainsi les relations asymétriques sont traitées comme si elles étaient symétriques. La généralisation signifie que l’inconscient traite tout objet comme appartenant à une classe plus large d’objets, elle-même un sous-ensemble d’une classe encore plus large qui est à son tour un sous-ensemble d’une classe plus large, ceci ad infinitum. C’est de là que vient l’idée de Matte Blanco de l’inconscient en tant qu’ensembles infinis. Ces mécanismes inconscients, combinés avec la possibilité que l’inconscient ait plus de dimensions que la conscience, contribue à la difficulté de comprendre les rêves. Ceci aide à explique pourquoi le Soi est ressenti comme autre que le moi. | fr |
pair_32897551 | Using Ignacio Matte Blanco's approach to the unconscious, this paper attempts to explain why the experience of the Self or the unconscious, for example in dreams, is difficult for the ego to understand. Matte Blanco believes that the logic of the unconscious is radically different from the logic of consciousness. The unconscious uses processes that Matte Blanco refers to as symmetry and generalization. Symmetry means that the converse of any relationship is identical to it, so that asymmetrical relationships are treated as if they were symmetrical. Generalization means that the unconscious treats any object as belonging to a larger class of objects that is a subset of an even larger class which is in turn a subset of a wider class ad infinitum. Hence Matte Blanco's idea of the unconscious as infinite sets. These unconscious mechanisms, combined with the possibility that the unconscious has more dimensions than consciousness, contribute to the difficulty of understanding dreams, and help to explain why the Self is experienced as other to the ego. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Mit Hilfe von Ignacio Matte Blancos Annäherungsweise an das Unbewußte versucht dieser Beitrag zu erklären, warum die Erfahrung des Selbst oder des Unbewußten, zum Beispiel in Träumen, für das Ich schwer zu verstehen ist. Matte Blanco geht davon aus, daß sich die Logik des Unbewußten radikal von der Logik des Bewußtseins unterscheidet. Das Unbewußte verwendet Prozesse, die Matte Blanco als Symmetrie und Generalisation bezeichnet. Symmetrie bedeutet, daß die Umkehrung einer jeden Beziehung mit dieser identisch ist, sodaß asymmetrische Beziehungen so behandelt werden, als wären sie symmetrisch. Generalisation bedeutet, daß das Unbewußte jedes Objekt als zu einer größeren Klasse von Objekten gehörend behandelt, die eine Teilmenge einer noch größeren Klasse ist, die wiederum eine Teilmenge einer weiteren Klasse ist ad infinitum. Daher Matte Blancos Vorstellung vom Unbewußten als unendlichen Mengen. Diese unbewußten Mechanismen, kombiniert mit der Möglichkeit, daß das Unbewußte mehr Dimensionen als das Bewußtsein hat, tragen zu der Schwierigkeit bei, Träume zu verstehen und helfen zu erklären, warum das Selbst für das Ich als ein Anderes erlebt wird. | de |
pair_32897551 | Using Ignacio Matte Blanco's approach to the unconscious, this paper attempts to explain why the experience of the Self or the unconscious, for example in dreams, is difficult for the ego to understand. Matte Blanco believes that the logic of the unconscious is radically different from the logic of consciousness. The unconscious uses processes that Matte Blanco refers to as symmetry and generalization. Symmetry means that the converse of any relationship is identical to it, so that asymmetrical relationships are treated as if they were symmetrical. Generalization means that the unconscious treats any object as belonging to a larger class of objects that is a subset of an even larger class which is in turn a subset of a wider class ad infinitum. Hence Matte Blanco's idea of the unconscious as infinite sets. These unconscious mechanisms, combined with the possibility that the unconscious has more dimensions than consciousness, contribute to the difficulty of understanding dreams, and help to explain why the Self is experienced as other to the ego. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | A través del abordaje al inconsciente propuesto por Ignacio Matte Blanco, este trabajo busca explicar por qué la experiencia del Sí Mismo o del inconsciente, por ejemplo en sueños, resulta para el ego difícil de comprender. Matte Blanco cree que la lógica del inconsciente es radicalmente diferente de la lógica de la consciencia. El inconsciente utiliza procesos a los que Matte Blanco se refiere como simetría y generalización. Simetría significa que la conversión de toda relación es idéntica a sí misma, entonces relaciones asimétricas son tratadas como si fueran simétricas. La generalización significa que el inconsciente trata todo objeto como si perteneciera a una clase más amplia de objetos, que es parte de otra clase aún más amplia, la cual, a su vez es también parte de una clase más amplia y así add infinitum. Por lo tanto, la idea del inconsciente como infinitos conjuntos según Matte Blanco. Estos mecanismos inconscientes, combinado con la posibilidad de que el inconsciente posee más dimensiones que la consciencia, contribuye a la dificultad de comprender los sueños, y ayuda a explicar por qué el Sí Mismo es experimentado por el ego como otredad. | es |
pair_32897551 | Using Ignacio Matte Blanco's approach to the unconscious, this paper attempts to explain why the experience of the Self or the unconscious, for example in dreams, is difficult for the ego to understand. Matte Blanco believes that the logic of the unconscious is radically different from the logic of consciousness. The unconscious uses processes that Matte Blanco refers to as symmetry and generalization. Symmetry means that the converse of any relationship is identical to it, so that asymmetrical relationships are treated as if they were symmetrical. Generalization means that the unconscious treats any object as belonging to a larger class of objects that is a subset of an even larger class which is in turn a subset of a wider class ad infinitum. Hence Matte Blanco's idea of the unconscious as infinite sets. These unconscious mechanisms, combined with the possibility that the unconscious has more dimensions than consciousness, contribute to the difficulty of understanding dreams, and help to explain why the Self is experienced as other to the ego. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Использованный в статье подход Игнасио Матте Бланко к бессознательному применяется для объяснения, почему эго трудно понять переживание Самости или бессознательного, случающееся, например, во сне. Матте Бланко считает, что логика бессознательного радикально отличается от логики сознания. Бессознательное использует процессы, которые Матте Бланко называет симметрией и обобщением. Симметрия означает, что обращение любого отношения идентично ему, поэтому асимметричные отношения рассматриваются так как будто они симметричные. Обобщение означает, что подсознание рассматривает любой объект как принадлежащий к большему классу объектов, который является подмножеством еще большего класса, который, в свою очередь, является подмножеством более широкого класса, и так до бесконечности. Отсюда идея Матте Бланко о бессознательном как о бесконечных множествах. Эти бессознательные механизмы в сочетании с тем, что бессознательное имеет больше измерений, чем сознание, приводят к затруднению понимания сновидений и помогают объяснить, почему Самость переживается так же, как и другое для эго. | ru |
pair_32897553 | This personal account charts the changing relationship to a Jungian identity arising from the interrelated processes of understanding the roots of the colonial and racial ideologies that underpin Jung's thinking, and a developing awareness of what it means to be a white person in a system of racism that maintains white supremacy. This is illustrated with reference to the image of a black man appearing in the dream of the white author and with use of post-Jungian thinking to critique the notion of an objective, non-racial psyche. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Questo resoconto personale descrive il cambiamento nella relazione con un'identità junghiana derivante dalla comprensione delle radici delle ideologie coloniali e razziali che sostengono il pensiero di Jung, ed una consapevolezza ancora in via di sviluppo di cosa significhi essere un “bianco” in un sistema di razzismo che mantiene la supremazia bianca. Questo processo è illustrato a partire dall'immagine di un uomo “di colore” che appare nel sogno dell'autore “bianco” ed attraverso l'uso del pensiero post-junghiano viene criticata la nozione di una psiche oggettiva e non razziale. | it |
pair_32897553 | This personal account charts the changing relationship to a Jungian identity arising from the interrelated processes of understanding the roots of the colonial and racial ideologies that underpin Jung's thinking, and a developing awareness of what it means to be a white person in a system of racism that maintains white supremacy. This is illustrated with reference to the image of a black man appearing in the dream of the white author and with use of post-Jungian thinking to critique the notion of an objective, non-racial psyche. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | 作为白人、作为荣格学者:荣格与非欧洲他者的相遇所了带来的启示 文中通过个人化的描述, 展现了与荣格学者身份关系的改变, 这一改变来源于对殖民与种族意识形态之根基的认识过程。这一意识形态根植于荣格的思想, 并由此发展出于白人至上的种族主义系统中, 作为白人意味着什么的认识。文章用一位在白人作者的梦中出现的黑人男性的意象来说明这一点, 并用后荣格思想来批判关于客观的、无种族的心灵的观点。. | zh-cn |
pair_32897553 | This personal account charts the changing relationship to a Jungian identity arising from the interrelated processes of understanding the roots of the colonial and racial ideologies that underpin Jung's thinking, and a developing awareness of what it means to be a white person in a system of racism that maintains white supremacy. This is illustrated with reference to the image of a black man appearing in the dream of the white author and with use of post-Jungian thinking to critique the notion of an objective, non-racial psyche. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Ce rapport personnel retrace l’évolution de la relation à une identité Jungienne, évolution qui découle de processus entremêlés: celui de comprendre les racines des idéologies coloniales et raciales qui sous-tendent la pensée de Jung, et celui de devenir plus conscient de ce que cela veut dire d’être une personne blanche dans un système de racisme qui entretient la suprématie blanche. Ceci est illustré en référence avec l’image d’un homme noir qui apparait dans le rêve de l’auteur, qui est blanche, ainsi qu’en utilisant la pensée post-Jungienne pour faire la critique de la notion d’une psyché objective, non-raciale. | fr |
pair_32897553 | This personal account charts the changing relationship to a Jungian identity arising from the interrelated processes of understanding the roots of the colonial and racial ideologies that underpin Jung's thinking, and a developing awareness of what it means to be a white person in a system of racism that maintains white supremacy. This is illustrated with reference to the image of a black man appearing in the dream of the white author and with use of post-Jungian thinking to critique the notion of an objective, non-racial psyche. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Dieser persönliche Bericht skizziert die sich ändernde Beziehung zu einer Jungianischen Identität, die sich aus den miteinander verbundenen Prozessen des Verstehens der Wurzeln der kolonialen und rassistischen Ideologien ergibt, die Jungs Denken zugrunde liegen, und eines sich entwickelnden Bewußtseins dafür, was es bedeutet, ein weißer Mensch in einem System von Rassismus zu sein, welches die weiße Vormachtstellung aufrechthält. Dies wird anhand des Bildes eines schwarzen Mannes veranschaulicht, der im Traum des weißen Autors erscheint, und unter Verwendung des post-Jungianischen Denkens, um die Vorstellung einer objektiven, nichtrassischen Psyche zu kritisieren. | de |
pair_32897553 | This personal account charts the changing relationship to a Jungian identity arising from the interrelated processes of understanding the roots of the colonial and racial ideologies that underpin Jung's thinking, and a developing awareness of what it means to be a white person in a system of racism that maintains white supremacy. This is illustrated with reference to the image of a black man appearing in the dream of the white author and with use of post-Jungian thinking to critique the notion of an objective, non-racial psyche. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Esta narrativa personal describe la relación cambiante hacia una identidad Junguiana que fue emergiendo a partir de procesos interrelacionados entre la comprensión de las raíces de las ideologías colonialistas y raciales que subyacen al pensamiento Junguiano, y el desarrollo de una concientización de lo que significa ser una persona blanca en un sistema racista que mantiene la supremacía del blanco. Esto es ilustrado en referencia a la imagen del hombre negro que aparece en el sueño de un autor blanco, y a partir del pensamiento post-Junguiano se critica la noción de una psique objetiva, no-racial. | es |
pair_32897553 | This personal account charts the changing relationship to a Jungian identity arising from the interrelated processes of understanding the roots of the colonial and racial ideologies that underpin Jung's thinking, and a developing awareness of what it means to be a white person in a system of racism that maintains white supremacy. This is illustrated with reference to the image of a black man appearing in the dream of the white author and with use of post-Jungian thinking to critique the notion of an objective, non-racial psyche. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Это личное описание изменения отношения к юнгианской идентичности, которое возникло в результате взаимосвязанных процессов понимания корней колониальной и расовой идеологий, лежащих в основе мышления Юнга, а также нарастающего осознания того, что значит быть белым человеком в системе расизма, которая поддерживает превосходство белых. В качестве пояснения рассмотрен образ черного человека, появляющегося во сне белого автора. Использовано постъюнгианское мышление для критики понятия объективной, нерасовой психики. | ru |
pair_32897558 | While psychotherapy is related to both science and art, it is primarily a craft activity requiring the development of skilful practice, epitomized by the discipline of the analytic attitude. In terms of the forms of knowledge outlined by Aristotle, this places psychotherapy in the realm of 'technê' (arts and craft) rather than epistêmê (science). In particular, the technê of psychotherapy is concerned with the development of phronesis (practical wisdom) in both patient and analyst and its ultimate aim is concerned with the promotion of eudaimonia, a state of well-being considered by Aristotle to be definitive of 'the good life'. It is therefore fundamentally an ethical endeavour. The nature of psychotherapeutic skill is illustrated by analogy with three other forms of technê - music, meditation and pottery. Clinical examples illustrate the crafting of interpretations and the art of patient holding. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Sebbene la psicoterapia sia legata sia alla scienza che all'arte, è principalmente un'attività artigianale che richiede lo sviluppo di una pratica abile, esemplificata dalla disciplina dell'atteggiamento analitico. Nei termini delle forme di conoscenza delineate da Aristotele, questo pone la psicoterapia nell'ambito della 'technê' (arte e artigianato) piuttosto che dell'epistêmê (scienza). In particolare, la technê della psicoterapia riguarda lo sviluppo della phronesis (saggezza pratica) sia nel paziente che nell'analista e il suo obiettivo finale riguarda la promozione di eudaimonia, uno stato di benessere considerato da Aristotele come definitivo della 'buona vita'. E' quindi fondamentalmente un impegno etico. La natura dell'abilità psicoterapeutica è illustrata per analogia con altre tre forme di technê - musica, meditazione e ceramica. Esempi clinici illustrano la creazione di interpretazioni e l'arte dell’accogliere il paziente. | it |
pair_32897558 | While psychotherapy is related to both science and art, it is primarily a craft activity requiring the development of skilful practice, epitomized by the discipline of the analytic attitude. In terms of the forms of knowledge outlined by Aristotle, this places psychotherapy in the realm of 'technê' (arts and craft) rather than epistêmê (science). In particular, the technê of psychotherapy is concerned with the development of phronesis (practical wisdom) in both patient and analyst and its ultimate aim is concerned with the promotion of eudaimonia, a state of well-being considered by Aristotle to be definitive of 'the good life'. It is therefore fundamentally an ethical endeavour. The nature of psychotherapeutic skill is illustrated by analogy with three other forms of technê - music, meditation and pottery. Clinical examples illustrate the crafting of interpretations and the art of patient holding. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | 心理治疗关联科学与艺术, 但它首先是一门手艺活, 需要专业技能的发展, 文章以心理分析学的态度为代表对此进行了概述。根据亚里士多德所概述的知识的形式, 心理治疗从属于“技艺”(艺术与手工)领域, 而非科学。心理治疗的技艺对于病人和分析师来说, 特别关系到实践的智慧, 其最根本的目标是提升美好生活, 被亚里士多德定义的一种幸福。因此其根本是一种伦理的努力。心理治疗技术的本质可以与三种形式的技艺对比:音乐、冥想、诗歌。文章呈现了一些案例, 用以描述诠释的技艺, 以及对病人抱持的艺术。. | zh-cn |
pair_32897558 | While psychotherapy is related to both science and art, it is primarily a craft activity requiring the development of skilful practice, epitomized by the discipline of the analytic attitude. In terms of the forms of knowledge outlined by Aristotle, this places psychotherapy in the realm of 'technê' (arts and craft) rather than epistêmê (science). In particular, the technê of psychotherapy is concerned with the development of phronesis (practical wisdom) in both patient and analyst and its ultimate aim is concerned with the promotion of eudaimonia, a state of well-being considered by Aristotle to be definitive of 'the good life'. It is therefore fundamentally an ethical endeavour. The nature of psychotherapeutic skill is illustrated by analogy with three other forms of technê - music, meditation and pottery. Clinical examples illustrate the crafting of interpretations and the art of patient holding. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Alors que la psychothérapie est rattachée à la fois à la science et à l’art, il s’agit en premier lieu d’une activité artisanale qui requiert l’acquisition d’une aptitude pointue, incarnée par la discipline de l’attitude analytique. Se référant aux formes de savoir énoncées par Aristote, la psychothérapie se situe dans le domaine de « technê » (les arts et l’artisanat) plutôt que celui d’ « epistêmê » (la science). Notamment, le technê de la psychothérapie concerne le développement de phronesis (la sagesse pratique) à la fois chez le patient et l’analyste. Son but ultime est de promouvoir l’eudaimonia, un état de bienêtre qu’Aristote considère comme le signe de «la vie bonne». De ce fait il s’agit d’une œuvre fondamentalement éthique. La nature du savoir-faire de la psychothérapie est illustrée par une analogie avec trois autres formes de technê - la musique, la méditation, et la poterie. Des exemples cliniques illustrent le façonnement des interprétations et l’art de « bien tenir » le patient. | fr |
pair_32897558 | While psychotherapy is related to both science and art, it is primarily a craft activity requiring the development of skilful practice, epitomized by the discipline of the analytic attitude. In terms of the forms of knowledge outlined by Aristotle, this places psychotherapy in the realm of 'technê' (arts and craft) rather than epistêmê (science). In particular, the technê of psychotherapy is concerned with the development of phronesis (practical wisdom) in both patient and analyst and its ultimate aim is concerned with the promotion of eudaimonia, a state of well-being considered by Aristotle to be definitive of 'the good life'. It is therefore fundamentally an ethical endeavour. The nature of psychotherapeutic skill is illustrated by analogy with three other forms of technê - music, meditation and pottery. Clinical examples illustrate the crafting of interpretations and the art of patient holding. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Während Psychotherapie sowohl mit Wissenschaft als auch mit Kunst verbunden ist, handelt es sich in erster Linie um eine handwerkliche Tätigkeit, die die Entwicklung einer gekonnten Praxis erfordert, die durch die Disziplin der analytischen Haltung versinnbildlicht wird. In Bezug auf die von Aristoteles skizzierten Wissensformen stellt dies die Psychotherapie eher in den Bereich 'technê' (Kunst und Handwerk) als in den Bereich epistêmê (Wissenschaft). Insbesondere befaßt sich die technê der Psychotherapie mit der Entwicklung der phronesis (praktische Weisheit) sowohl bei Patienten als auch bei Analytikern und ihr letztendliches Ziel befaßt sich mit der Förderung der eudaimonie, einem Zustand des Wohlbefindens, der von Aristoteles als definitiv für 'das gute Leben' angesehen wird. Es ist daher grundsätzlich ein ethisches Bemühen. Die Natur der psychotherapeutischen Fähigkeiten wird in Analogie zu drei anderen Formen der technê veranschaulicht - Musik, Meditation und Töpferei. Klinische Beispiele veranschaulichen die Erstellung von Interpretationen und die Kunst des Patientenhaltens. | de |
pair_32897558 | While psychotherapy is related to both science and art, it is primarily a craft activity requiring the development of skilful practice, epitomized by the discipline of the analytic attitude. In terms of the forms of knowledge outlined by Aristotle, this places psychotherapy in the realm of 'technê' (arts and craft) rather than epistêmê (science). In particular, the technê of psychotherapy is concerned with the development of phronesis (practical wisdom) in both patient and analyst and its ultimate aim is concerned with the promotion of eudaimonia, a state of well-being considered by Aristotle to be definitive of 'the good life'. It is therefore fundamentally an ethical endeavour. The nature of psychotherapeutic skill is illustrated by analogy with three other forms of technê - music, meditation and pottery. Clinical examples illustrate the crafting of interpretations and the art of patient holding. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Si bien la psicoterapia se relaciona tanto a la ciencia como al arte, se trata principalmente de una actividad artesanal que requiere el desarrollo de una práctica calificada, encarnada en la disciplina de la actitud analítica. En los términos de las formas de conocimiento descriptas por Aristóteles, esto ubica a la psicoterapia en la dimensión de la ‘technê’ (artes y oficios) en lugar de la ‘epistêmê’ (ciencia). En particular, la technê de la psicoterapia concierne al desarrollo de la phronesis (sabiduría práctica) en ambos paciente y analista, y su meta principal atañe a la promoción de la eudaimonia, estado de bienestar considerado por Aristóteles como característico de ‘la buena vida’. Es por lo tanto, fundamentalmente, una labor ética. La naturaleza de la habilidad psicoterapéutica es ilustrada en analogía con otras tres formas de technê - música, meditación y cerámica. Ejemplos clínicos ilustran el oficio artesanal de la interpretación y el arte de contener al paciente. | es |
pair_32897558 | While psychotherapy is related to both science and art, it is primarily a craft activity requiring the development of skilful practice, epitomized by the discipline of the analytic attitude. In terms of the forms of knowledge outlined by Aristotle, this places psychotherapy in the realm of 'technê' (arts and craft) rather than epistêmê (science). In particular, the technê of psychotherapy is concerned with the development of phronesis (practical wisdom) in both patient and analyst and its ultimate aim is concerned with the promotion of eudaimonia, a state of well-being considered by Aristotle to be definitive of 'the good life'. It is therefore fundamentally an ethical endeavour. The nature of psychotherapeutic skill is illustrated by analogy with three other forms of technê - music, meditation and pottery. Clinical examples illustrate the crafting of interpretations and the art of patient holding. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Хотя психотерапия связана с наукой и искусством, это прежде всего ремесленная деятельность, требующая развития навыков и отточенной практики, и воплощенная в аналитической установки. С точки зрения форм знания, сформулированных Аристотелем, психотерапия оказывается в области ‘technê’ (искусство и ремесло), а не в epistêmê (наука). В частности, техне психотерапии связано с развитием фронезиса (практической мудрости) как у пациента, так и у аналитика, а его конечная цель связана с поощрением эвдемонии, состояния благополучия, которое Аристотель считал определяющим для “хорошей жизни”. Поэтому это в основном этическое начинание. Природа психотерапевтического ремесла показывается по аналогии с тремя другими формами техне - музыкой, медитацией и гончарным делом. Клинические примеры иллюстрируют мастерство создания интерпретаций и искусство холдинга. | ru |
pair_32897557 | This paper details Von Lüttichau's relationship with Carl Jung and Bill Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), and her role as intermediary in the relationship between the two men. Her contribution within this mediator role has not been previously recognized but is an important factor in explaining how Jung became introduced to the AA 12-step format and validated the effectiveness of group work. After the Second World War, Von Lüttichau travelled between America and Switzerland and introduced the writings and ideas of Wilson and Jung to each other and acted as an intermediary between both titans. Jung gave Von Lüttichau extraordinarily detailed instructions on how the 12-step programme of AA could be applied to 'general neurotics'. Von Lüttichau's private papers provide a bridge between Jung and Wilson's correspondence and help to piece together gaps in both Jungian and AA history. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Questo articolo parla del rapporto tra Von Lüttichau e Carl Jung e Bill Wilson, co-fondatori della Alcolisti Anonimi (AA), ed i suo ruolo di intermediario nella relazione tra i due uomini. Il suo contributo in questo ruolo di mediatore non è mai stato riconosciuto prima, ma è importante per spiegare come Jung fu introdotto al programma dei 12 passi della AA e come validò l’efficacia del gruppo. Dopo la Seconda Guerra Mondiale, Von Lüttichau viaggiò tra l’Ameria e la Svizzera e fece conoscere gli scritti di Wilson e Jung reciprocamente ai due autori, come un intermediario tra due Titani. Jung diede alla Von Lüttichau istruzioni straordinariamente dettagliate su come il programma dei 12 passi della AA potesse applicarsi ai comuni “nevrotici”. Gli scritti privati della Von Lüttichau offrono un ponte nella corrispondenza tra Jung e Wilson, e ci aiutano a colmare le lacune nella storia junghiana, così in quella degli AA. | it |
pair_32897557 | This paper details Von Lüttichau's relationship with Carl Jung and Bill Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), and her role as intermediary in the relationship between the two men. Her contribution within this mediator role has not been previously recognized but is an important factor in explaining how Jung became introduced to the AA 12-step format and validated the effectiveness of group work. After the Second World War, Von Lüttichau travelled between America and Switzerland and introduced the writings and ideas of Wilson and Jung to each other and acted as an intermediary between both titans. Jung gave Von Lüttichau extraordinarily detailed instructions on how the 12-step programme of AA could be applied to 'general neurotics'. Von Lüttichau's private papers provide a bridge between Jung and Wilson's correspondence and help to piece together gaps in both Jungian and AA history. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Margarita Von Lüttichau:卡尔-荣格与比尔-威尔逊的中间人 文章详细描述了Von Lüttichau与卡尔-荣格和比尔-威尔逊之间的关系 (威尔逊是戒酒无名会AA的联合创办人), 以及她在两人之间所扮演的中间人的角色。作为这一中间人的角色, 她的贡献之前没有被看到, 但她的角色很好地解释了, 为什么荣格会被知道戒酒无名会的12步骤法, 以及验证了小组工作的有效性。二战后, Von Lüttichau在美国和瑞士之间旅行, 她把威尔逊和荣格的文章和观点在两人之间传递, 并成为了两位巨人的中间人。荣格给了Von Lüttichau非常详尽的指引, 用以说明如何把AA12步骤法的过程应用于“一般性的神经症”。Von Lüttichau自己的文章为荣格和威尔逊的通信架起了桥梁, 并填补了荣格学和AA历史中的缺口。. | zh-cn |
pair_32897557 | This paper details Von Lüttichau's relationship with Carl Jung and Bill Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), and her role as intermediary in the relationship between the two men. Her contribution within this mediator role has not been previously recognized but is an important factor in explaining how Jung became introduced to the AA 12-step format and validated the effectiveness of group work. After the Second World War, Von Lüttichau travelled between America and Switzerland and introduced the writings and ideas of Wilson and Jung to each other and acted as an intermediary between both titans. Jung gave Von Lüttichau extraordinarily detailed instructions on how the 12-step programme of AA could be applied to 'general neurotics'. Von Lüttichau's private papers provide a bridge between Jung and Wilson's correspondence and help to piece together gaps in both Jungian and AA history. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Cet article précise la relation entre Carl Jung et Bill Wilson, le co-fondateur d’Alcooliques anonymes (AA), et son rôle en tant qu’intermédiaire dans la relation entre les deux hommes. Sa contribution dans un rôle de médiatrice n’a pas été reconnue jusqu’ici. C’est pourtant un facteur important pour expliquer comment Jung a été introduit au programme en 12 étapes d’AA, et a validé l’efficacité du travail de groupe. Après la deuxième guerre mondiale, Von Lüttichau a voyagé entre l’Amérique et la Suisse et a permis à chacun des deux hommes de découvrir les idées et les écrits de l’autre, agissant en tant qu’intermédiaire entre les deux Titans. Jung a donné à Von Lüttichau des instructions extraordinairement détaillées sur comment le programme en 12 étapes d’AA pouvait être appliqué aux « simples névrosés ». Les écrits personnels de Von Lüttichau offrent une passerelle pour éclairer la correspondance entre Jung et Wilson, et aident à remplir les blancs dans l’histoire commune entre la psychologie analytique et AA. | fr |
pair_32897557 | This paper details Von Lüttichau's relationship with Carl Jung and Bill Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), and her role as intermediary in the relationship between the two men. Her contribution within this mediator role has not been previously recognized but is an important factor in explaining how Jung became introduced to the AA 12-step format and validated the effectiveness of group work. After the Second World War, Von Lüttichau travelled between America and Switzerland and introduced the writings and ideas of Wilson and Jung to each other and acted as an intermediary between both titans. Jung gave Von Lüttichau extraordinarily detailed instructions on how the 12-step programme of AA could be applied to 'general neurotics'. Von Lüttichau's private papers provide a bridge between Jung and Wilson's correspondence and help to piece together gaps in both Jungian and AA history. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Dieser Artikel beschreibt von Lüttichaus Beziehung zu Carl Jung und Bill Wilson, dem Mitbegründer der Anonymen Alkoholiker (AA), und ihre Rolle als Vermittlerin in der Beziehung zwischen den beiden Männern. Ihr Beitrag innerhalb dieser Vermittlerrolle wurde bisher nicht gewürdigt, ist jedoch ein wichtiger Faktor für die Klärung, wie Jung mit dem 12-Stufen-Programm der AA bekannt wurde und die Wirksamkeit von Gruppenarbeit validierte. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg reiste von Lüttichau zwischen Amerika und der Schweiz, stellte die Schriften und Ideen von Wilson und Jung beiden wechselseitig vor und fungierte als Vermittler zwischen den beiden Titanen. Jung gab von Lüttichau außerordentlich detaillierte Anweisungen, wie das 12-Stufen-Programm der AA auf 'allgemeine Neurotiker' angewendet werden könnte. Von Lüttichaus private Aufzeichnungen bilden eine Brücke zwischen Jung und Wilsons Korrespondenz und helfen, Lücken in der Jungianischen und der Geschichte der AA zu schließen. | de |
pair_32897557 | This paper details Von Lüttichau's relationship with Carl Jung and Bill Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), and her role as intermediary in the relationship between the two men. Her contribution within this mediator role has not been previously recognized but is an important factor in explaining how Jung became introduced to the AA 12-step format and validated the effectiveness of group work. After the Second World War, Von Lüttichau travelled between America and Switzerland and introduced the writings and ideas of Wilson and Jung to each other and acted as an intermediary between both titans. Jung gave Von Lüttichau extraordinarily detailed instructions on how the 12-step programme of AA could be applied to 'general neurotics'. Von Lüttichau's private papers provide a bridge between Jung and Wilson's correspondence and help to piece together gaps in both Jungian and AA history. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | El presente artículo detalla la relación de Von Lüttichau con Carl Jung and Bill Wilson, co-fundador de Alcohólicos Anónimos (AA), y su rol como intermediaria en la relación entre los dos hombres. Su contribución como mediadora no ha sido previamente reconocido pero es un factor importante para explicar cómo Jung fue introducido al formato de los 12-pasos de AA y validó la efectividad del trabajo grupal. Luego de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Von Lüttichau viajó entre América y Suiza, e introdujo los escritos e ideas de Wilson y Jung, mutuamente, y actuó como intermediaria entre ambos Titanes. Jung le dio a Von Lüttichau instrucciones extraordinariamente detalladas sobre cómo el programa de 12-pasos de AA podría ser aplicado al ‘neurótico general’. Los escritos privados de Von Lüttichau ofrecen un puente entre la correspondencia de Jung y Wilson, y ayudó a llenar vacíos en ambas historias, la Junguiana, y la de AA. | es |
pair_32897557 | This paper details Von Lüttichau's relationship with Carl Jung and Bill Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), and her role as intermediary in the relationship between the two men. Her contribution within this mediator role has not been previously recognized but is an important factor in explaining how Jung became introduced to the AA 12-step format and validated the effectiveness of group work. After the Second World War, Von Lüttichau travelled between America and Switzerland and introduced the writings and ideas of Wilson and Jung to each other and acted as an intermediary between both titans. Jung gave Von Lüttichau extraordinarily detailed instructions on how the 12-step programme of AA could be applied to 'general neurotics'. Von Lüttichau's private papers provide a bridge between Jung and Wilson's correspondence and help to piece together gaps in both Jungian and AA history. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | В статье подробно описаны отношения Маргариты фон Люттихау с Карлом Юнгом и Биллом Уилсоном, соучредителем организации «Анонимные алкоголики» (АА), а также ее роль посредника в отношениях между двумя мужчинами. Ее вклад как посредника ранее не признавался, однако является важным фактором в объяснении знакомства Юнга форматов 12 шагов в АА и его подтверждением эффективности групповой работы. После Второй мировой войны фон Люттихау, путешествуя между Америкой и Швейцарией, познакомила Уилсона и Юнга с трудами друг с друга и выступила в качестве посредника между двумя Титанами. Юнг дал фон Люттихау необычайно подробные инструкции о том, как программа 12 шагов АА может применяться к «обычным невротикам». Личные бумаги фон Люттихау служат связующим звеном в переписке Юнга и Уилсона, а также помогают устранить пробелы в истории Юнга и АА. | ru |
pair_32897563 | This paper explores the issue of cultural trauma, which is an area of concern in psychology generally and has emerged as one within the International Association for Analytical Psychology's Router training programme. A summary of responses to the issues of cultural trauma and complexes (alongside cultural differences) within analytical psychology are presented, followed by an overview of findings from the IAAP's evaluation of the Router training programme. These findings are then aligned with contemporary sociological research. The significant issues involved in healing cultural trauma seem to be 'working through', as well as the place of imagination, dreamwork, symbolism and metaphor. Research in Poland has specifically highlighted the importance of good governance, economic vitality, personal and social capital (as in education and social participation), a meaning system, certain external contingencies, channels of mobility and ritualism. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Questo paper esplora la questione del trauma culturale, che è un'area di interesse in generale nella psicologia, e che è emersa come tale all'interno del programma di formazione Routers per la IAAP. Viene presentata una sintesi delle risposte ai problemi del trauma culturale e dei complessi (insieme alle differenze culturali) all'interno della psicologia analitica, seguita da una panoramica dei risultati della valutazione IAAP del programma di formazione dei Routers. Questi risultati sono poi confrontati con la ricerca sociologica contemporanea. Le questioni significative inerenti la guarigione dal trauma culturale sembrano riferirsi all”elaborare', così come ad un luogo per l’immaginazione, al lavoro sui sogni, al simbolismo ed alla metafora. Una ricerca in Polonia ha evidenziato in modo specifico l'importanza di un buon governo, della vitalità economica, del capitale personale e sociale (nei termini di educazione e partecipazione sociale), di un sistema di significati, di alcune contingenze esterne, di canali di mobilità e ritualità. | it |
pair_32897563 | This paper explores the issue of cultural trauma, which is an area of concern in psychology generally and has emerged as one within the International Association for Analytical Psychology's Router training programme. A summary of responses to the issues of cultural trauma and complexes (alongside cultural differences) within analytical psychology are presented, followed by an overview of findings from the IAAP's evaluation of the Router training programme. These findings are then aligned with contemporary sociological research. The significant issues involved in healing cultural trauma seem to be 'working through', as well as the place of imagination, dreamwork, symbolism and metaphor. Research in Poland has specifically highlighted the importance of good governance, economic vitality, personal and social capital (as in education and social participation), a meaning system, certain external contingencies, channels of mobility and ritualism. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | 文章探讨文化创伤的主题, 这一心理学普遍关注的领域, 在IAAP候选分析师训练计划中也有所呈现。文章综述了心理分析中关于文化创伤和情结的话题 (以及文化差异), 之后概述了对IAAP候选分析师训练计划的评估中所获得的发现。文章将现代社会学研究与这些发现结合起来。文化创伤治愈中的重要话题是“修通”, 以及想象、梦的工作、象征与隐喻的场域。在波兰的研究特别显示出以下方面的重要性:政治、经济活力、个人和社会资本 (在教育和社会参与)、意义系统、一定的外在变化、移动性和仪式性的渠道。. | zh-cn |
pair_32897563 | This paper explores the issue of cultural trauma, which is an area of concern in psychology generally and has emerged as one within the International Association for Analytical Psychology's Router training programme. A summary of responses to the issues of cultural trauma and complexes (alongside cultural differences) within analytical psychology are presented, followed by an overview of findings from the IAAP's evaluation of the Router training programme. These findings are then aligned with contemporary sociological research. The significant issues involved in healing cultural trauma seem to be 'working through', as well as the place of imagination, dreamwork, symbolism and metaphor. Research in Poland has specifically highlighted the importance of good governance, economic vitality, personal and social capital (as in education and social participation), a meaning system, certain external contingencies, channels of mobility and ritualism. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Cet article explore la question du traumatisme culturel, un domaine d’intérêt pour la psychologie en général, et qui est apparu comme particulièrement important dans le programme de formation Router de l’AIPA. L’article présente un résumé des réactions aux questions concernant le traumatisme et les complexes culturels (aux côtés des différences culturelles) dans la psychologie analytique. Vient ensuite un aperçu des conclusions de l’évaluation du programme de formation Router de l’AIPA. Ces conclusions sont alors mises en relation avec la recherche sociologique actuelle. Les aspects importants qui participent à la guérison du traumatisme culturel semblent être la perlaboration, la place de l’imagination, le travail avec les rêves, le symbolisme et la métaphore. En Pologne, la recherche a particulièrement souligné l’importance de la bonne gouvernance, de la vitalité économique, du capital personnel et social (comme dans l’éducation et la participation sociale), d’un système de signification, de certains imprévus externes, et de canaux de mobilité et de ritualisme. | fr |
pair_32897563 | This paper explores the issue of cultural trauma, which is an area of concern in psychology generally and has emerged as one within the International Association for Analytical Psychology's Router training programme. A summary of responses to the issues of cultural trauma and complexes (alongside cultural differences) within analytical psychology are presented, followed by an overview of findings from the IAAP's evaluation of the Router training programme. These findings are then aligned with contemporary sociological research. The significant issues involved in healing cultural trauma seem to be 'working through', as well as the place of imagination, dreamwork, symbolism and metaphor. Research in Poland has specifically highlighted the importance of good governance, economic vitality, personal and social capital (as in education and social participation), a meaning system, certain external contingencies, channels of mobility and ritualism. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | In diesem Artikel wird das Thema des kulturellen Traumas untersucht, das in der Psychologie allgemein als Problem aufgefaßt wird und welches sich im Rahmen des Router-Ausbildungsprogramms der IAAP als ein solches erwiesen hat. Es wird eine Zusammenfassung der Antworten auf die Fragen des kulturellen Traumas und der Komplexe (neben kulturellen Unterschieden) in der Analytischen Psychologie gegeben, gefolgt von einem Überblick über die Ergebnisse der IAAP-Bewertung des Router-Ausbildungsprogramms. Diese Ergebnisse werden dann mit der zeitgenössischen soziologischen Forschung abgeglichen. Die wesentlichen Probleme, die bei der Heilung kultureller Traumata auftauchen, scheinen 'durchzuschlagen', ebenso wie der Ort der Imagination, der Traumarbeit, der Symbolik und der Metapher. Die Forschung in Polen hat insbesondere die Bedeutung von verantwortungsvoller Regierungsführung, wirtschaftlicher Vitalität, persönlichem und sozialem Kapital (wie bei Bildung und sozialer Teilhabe), einem Bedeutungssystem, bestimmten externen Eventualitäten, Mobilitätskanälen und Ritualen aufgezeigt. | de |
pair_32897563 | This paper explores the issue of cultural trauma, which is an area of concern in psychology generally and has emerged as one within the International Association for Analytical Psychology's Router training programme. A summary of responses to the issues of cultural trauma and complexes (alongside cultural differences) within analytical psychology are presented, followed by an overview of findings from the IAAP's evaluation of the Router training programme. These findings are then aligned with contemporary sociological research. The significant issues involved in healing cultural trauma seem to be 'working through', as well as the place of imagination, dreamwork, symbolism and metaphor. Research in Poland has specifically highlighted the importance of good governance, economic vitality, personal and social capital (as in education and social participation), a meaning system, certain external contingencies, channels of mobility and ritualism. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | El presente artículo explora la noción de trauma cultural, la cual es un área de interés en psicología y ha surgido como tal al interior del programa de Router de la IAAP. Se presenta un resumen de las respuestas al tema del trauma cultural y los complejos (junto a las diferencias culturales) en la psicología analítica, seguido de una descripción de los resultados de la evaluación del programa de Router de la IAAP. Estos resultados se ubican en consonancia con investigaciones sociológicas contemporáneas. Los temas significativos implicados en la sanación del trauma cultural parecen ser “confrontados”, al igual que el lugar de la imaginación, el trabajo con sueños, el trabajo simbólico y la metáfora. La investigación en Polonia ha destacado específicamente la importancia de un buen gobierno, vitalidad económica, capital personal y social (tanto en educación como en participación social), un sistema de significados, ciertas contingencias externas, canales de movilidad y ritualismo. | es |
pair_32897563 | This paper explores the issue of cultural trauma, which is an area of concern in psychology generally and has emerged as one within the International Association for Analytical Psychology's Router training programme. A summary of responses to the issues of cultural trauma and complexes (alongside cultural differences) within analytical psychology are presented, followed by an overview of findings from the IAAP's evaluation of the Router training programme. These findings are then aligned with contemporary sociological research. The significant issues involved in healing cultural trauma seem to be 'working through', as well as the place of imagination, dreamwork, symbolism and metaphor. Research in Poland has specifically highlighted the importance of good governance, economic vitality, personal and social capital (as in education and social participation), a meaning system, certain external contingencies, channels of mobility and ritualism. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | В статье исследуется проблема культурной травмы, которая является предметом изучения в психологии в целом и стала одной из важных тем в рамках учебной программы рутеров IAAP. Представлено краткое изложение отликов на проблемы, связанные с культурной травмой и комплексами (наряду с культурными различиями) в аналитической психологии, а затем приведен обзор результатов, полученных в ходе оценки IAAP рутерской программы. Эти результаты сопоставлены с современными социологическими исследованиями. Важные вопросы, связанные с исцелением культурной травмы, похоже, находятся в процессе “проработки”. Отведено важное место воображению, работе сновидений, символике и метафоре. Исследования в Польше особенно подчеркнули значимость хорошего государственного управления, экономической жизнеспособности, личного и социального капитала (в образовании и социальной жизни), системы смысла, определенных внешних непредвиденных обстоятельств, каналов мобильности и ритуализма. | ru |
pair_32913144 | This study aimed to compare the hem-o-lok polymeric clip (HC) and tri-staple (TS) methods used in dividing the splenic hilum in terms of results, and to reveal their superiority to each other. Medical records of patients undergoing elective laparoscopic splenectomy at the Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine General Surgery Clinic between March 2011 and March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Forty-two laparoscopic splenectomy cases performed using hem-o-lok polymeric clip (HC) or tri-staple (TS) were included in this study. Demographic features, primary diagnoses, splenic size, intraoperative data and postoperative complications, as well as the clip and stapler prices used in the surgery were analyzed. The mean operative time was significantly longer for HC group than TS group (116.7 min vs. 87.6 min, p<0.05). The mean cost of surgical instruments used to divide the splenic hilum was significantly lower for HC group than TS group (34.1 usd vs. 165.4 usd, p<0.05). There was no postoperative mortality, with a morbidity rate 6 (26.1%) for TS group and 4 (21.1%) for HC group (p>0.05). No significant difference existed in the complication rates. In the HC group, the operation time was longer, but the surgical cost was significantly lower. There was no significant difference when comparing other perioperative results. Although both techniques can be applied safely, we would like to emphasize that hemostasis is the most important factor for good results. Hem-o-lok polymeric clip, Laparoscopic splenectomy, Tri-staple. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Studio finalizzato a confrontare l’impiego di clip polimerica hem-o-lok (HC) con il tri-stapler (TS) utilizzati nella sezione-emostasi dell’ilo splenico in termini di risultati e di valutare la loro eventuale reciproca superiorità. Sono state analizzate retrospettivamente le cartelle cliniche dei pazienti sottoposti di elezione a splenectomia laparoscopica presso la Clinica di Chirurgia Generale della Facoltà di Medicina dell’Università di Ondokuz Mayis tra marzo 2011 e marzo 2020. Sono stati inclusi in questo studio quarantadue casi di splenectomia laparoscopica eseguiti con clip polimerica hem-o-lok (HC) o tri-stapler (TS), analizzando le caratteristiche demografiche, le diagnosi preoperatore, le dimensioni spleniche, i dati intraoperatori e le complicanze postoperatorie, nonché i prezzi di clip e pinzatrice utilizzati nella chirurgia. RISULTATI: il tempo operativo medio è stato significativamente più lungo per il gruppo HC rispetto al gruppo TS (116,7 min vs. 87,6 min, p <0,05). Il costo medio degli strumenti chirurgici utilizzati per dividere l’ilo splenico risulta significativamente inferiore per il gruppo HC rispetto al gruppo TS (34,1 usd vs. 165,4 usd, p <0,05). Non si è riscontrata mortalità postoperatoria, con un tasso di morbilità 6 (26,1%) per il gruppo TS e 4 (21,1%) per il gruppo HC (p> 0,05). Nessuna differenza significativa è stata rilevata nel tasso delle complicanze. CONCLUSIONI: Nel gruppo HC, il tempo di operazione è stato più lungo, ma il costo chirurgico è stato significativamente più basso. Non ci sono state differenze significative nel confronto con altri risultati perioperatori. Sebbene entrambe le tecniche possano essere applicate in modo sicuro, vorremmo sottolineare che l’emostasi è il fattore più importante per ottenere buoni risultati. | it |
pair_32913145 | Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare tumours. Tumour rupture is an additional adverse prognostic factor and should be recorded, regardless of whether it took place before or during surgery. A case report of hemoperitoneum from spontaneous rupture of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the jejunum is presented. The patient underwent an urgent laparotomy. An 'en bloc' resection was performed. The information in the literature is examined. Spontaneous rupture of the tumor with concomitant hemoperitoneum is an important prognostic factor in these patients. The hemoperitoneum contributes to a worse prognosis because of its ability to produce peritoneal seeding KEY WORDS: Gist. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Descriviamo il caso clinico di un tumore stromale del digiuno, giunto alla nostra osservazione in emergenza per un quadro di emoperitoneo. L’emoperitoneo era secondario alla rottura spontanea del tumore. Il caso è stato trattato chirurgicamente. Riteniamo che la chirurgia R0 rappresenti la terapia ottimale nei pazienti affetti da queste rare neoplasie. Riteniamo che la laparoscopia debba essere riservata al trattamento delle neoplasie di dimensioni contenute. | it |
pair_31869310 | Actinomycosis is a chronic infection caused by actinomyces species characterized by an abscess formation, tissue fibrosis, and draining sinuses. Primary actinomycosis of the breast is rare. In this paper we present a 64-year-old postmenopausal woman. For the diagnosis of primary actinomycosis of the breast, mammography, ultrasonography, MRI, and histopathologic examinations are required. Microbiological culture and histopathology are of the most importance during the process of diagnosis. In our case, at the intersection of the sternum and the lower inner quadrant of the right breast, there was a 1 cm wide fistula opening, and an abscess. A. israelii has been isolated from the microbiological culture taken from the lesion RESULTS: An optimal surgical resection of infected tissues has been performed as the treatment with the wound left open for tertiary healing The patient was given sulbactam 4*1 gr/day intravenously for 4 weeks post-op.. Recurrence was not detected during the yearly follow up procedures CONCLUSIONS: Actinomycosis should be considered when differentially diagnosing clinical instances of suppurative or granulomatous infections of the breast and mass regions that can't be ruled out as malignancies. Early diagnosis will save the patient from unnecessary surgical operations and ineffective antibiotic treatments. Actinomycosis, Breast abscess, Breast diseases. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L’actinomicosi è un’infezione cronica causata da specie di actinomyces caratterizzata da formazione di ascessi, fibrosi tissutale e fistolizzazionr, di rara localizzazione al seno. Viene qui presentato il caso di una donna di 64 anni in postmenopausa. La diagnosi di actinomicosi primaria del seno sono ha richiesto esami mammografici, ecografici e con RM e controlli istopatologici. La coltura microbiologica e l’istopatologia sono della massima importanza durante il processo di diagnosi. Nel nostro caso, all’intersezione dello sterno e del quadrante interno inferiore del seno destro, c’era una fistola larga 1 cm e un ascesso. Dalla coltura microbiologica dall’essudato fistoloso è stato isolato Actinomyces israelii. È stata eseguita una resezione chirurgica ottimale dei tessuti infetti, lasciando la ferita aperta per una guarigione per terza intenzione. Per 4 settimane dopo l’intervento è stato somministrato Sulbactam per via endovenosa (1 gr x 4/die). Ad un anno non si riscontrata alcuna recidiva. In conclusione l’actinomicosi deve essere presa in considerazione nella diagnosi differenziata anche in caso di infezioni suppurative o granulomatose del seno e delle masse di tessuti che non possono essere esclusi per natura neoplastica. La diagnosi precoce salverà il paziente da interventi chirurgici inutilmente demolitivi e da trattamenti antibiotici inefficaci. | it |
pair_31883568 | Comparison of the state of nursing in Italy with other countries has shown that theory development in Italian nursing remains quite undeveloped. Theory development in Italian nursing will need to consider local cultural and professional aspects, specific to the Italian practice context, by drawing on known health needs, experiences and nursing approa- ches. The aim of this investigation was to map current knowledge related to nursing in Italy, based on the experiences of patients, families and communities, to provide a basis on which nursing theories could be developed. Scoping Review was selected as the best method for this knowledge mapping. Fawcett's nursing metaparadigm was chosen as a broad guide and means by which the litera- ture analysis could be structured. Twenty-two studies were retained and examined in this analysis, including contexts relating to acute care, chronic conditions, as well as emergency and home care services. We defined themes in line with the nursing metaparadigm. Although these definitions are partial, referring only to certain contexts specific to some aspects of nursing care, the original contributions of this investigation provides an important starting point for theory development in Italian nursing, based on the Italian context. Strong and credible theory development, that can be readily adapted to practice, requires a rigorous analysis of the points of view of all actors involved in the nursing care process. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Il confronto con le realtà infermieristiche di altri paesi ha messo in luce che in Italia è ancora poco sviluppata la fase di teorizzazione, in particolare per quanto concerne la ricerca e lo sviluppo di aspetti teorici dell’infermieristica. I bisogni e le esperienze di salute della popolazione e gli approcci infermieristici in risposta a questi debbono necessariamente considerare gli aspetti culturali e professionali legati al contesto. Da qui la necessità di valutare la possibilità di sviluppare teorie fortemente radicate nel contesto dell’infermieristica italiana. Scopo dello studio è stato di mappare le conoscenze relative all’infermieristica in Italia, attra- verso le esperienze di pazienti, famiglie e comunità, per fornire una base su cui sviluppare teorie infermieristiche. La Scoping Review è stata selezionata come metodologia ottimale per la mappatura. Il metaparadigma infermieristico di Fawcett è stato scelto come guida e mezzo tramite il quale realizzare l’analisi della letteratura. Sono stati inclusi 22 studi comprendenti contesti relativi ai pazienti acuti, con cronicità, all’area emergenza urgenza e ai servizi domiciliari. L’analisi ha consentito di definire i concetti ed i temi del Metaparadigma Infermieristico. Sebbene queste definizioni siano parziali, riferite soltanto ad alcuni contesti specifici ad alcune funzioni dell’assistenza infermie- ristica, l’originalità dello studio può stabilire il punto di partenza per la creazione di un modello. Solo attraverso un’attenta valutazione del punto di vista di tutti gli attori coinvolti nel processo di assistenza è possibile rendere concreto e credibile un modello per il trasferimento nella pratica di concetti e temi finora spesso relegati ad una forma di intento. | it |
pair_31883573 | In the first part of this article, we introduced methodological issues associated with study design, research questions, contexts, sampling, and recruiting for qualitative health research studies. Here, in this second part of the article, we continue providing health researchers with information on how to design a qualitative health research study and we aim to prepare novice researchers for entering the field. Specifically, by providing considerations for selecting data gathering strategies, differentiation of types of qualitative data and practical tips on how to go into the field. Then, we will briefly discuss data management, analysis and dissemination. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Nella prima parte di questo articolo, abbiamo introdotto questioni metodologiche associate alla progettazione dello studio, domande di ricerca, contesto, campionamento e reclutamento per studi di ricerca qualitativa sanitaria. In questa seconda parte dell'articolo, continuiamo a fornire ai ricercatori della salute informazioni su come progettare uno studio di ricerca qualitativa sanitaria e ci proponiamo di preparare i ricercatori alle prime armi per andare sul campo. In particolare, fornendo considerazioni per la selezione della strategia di raccolta dati, differenziazione dei tipi di dati qualitativi e consigli pratici su come andare sul campo. Dopodiché, discuteremo brevemente la gestione, l'analisi e la diffusione dei dati. | it |
pair_31883570 | The lack of verbal communication due to the tracheostomy is a great challenge for nurses because communication is an essential aspect for caring, which also involves parental figures in pediatric patients. Qualitative synthesis of the evidence to support learning and use of sign language in tracheostomised children in order to enhance the therapeutic relationship as well as communication between nurse and pediatric patient. We conducted a narrative review, the following databases were interrogated: PubMed (Medline), Cinahl, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Studies related to the research question were included, without temporal limitation. 43 articles were selected and were subsequently grouped in relation to the type of study, description of specific teaching programs and recommendations. The use of alternative communication techniques is a priority for nurses who take care of tracheostomised children. Among these, undoubtedly, the sign language reveals its efficiency. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La mancanza di una comunicazione verbale a causa della tracheostomia rappresenta una grande sfida per l’infermiere perché è̀ un aspetto imprescindibile all’interno di un piano di cura assistenziale che, nei pazienti pediatrici, coinvolge anche le figure genitoriali. Sintesi qualitativa delle evidenze a supporto dell’apprendimento e dell’utilizzo della lingua dei segni nei bambini tracheostomizzati al fine di favorire la relazione terapeutica e la comunicazione tra infermiere e paziente pediatrico. Revisione della letteratura. Consultazione delle banche dati PubMed (Medline), Cinahl, Scopus, Cochrane e Google Scholar. Sono stati inclusi gli studi inerenti al quesito di ricerca senza limitazioni temporali. 43 articoli sono stati selezionati dagli autori e successivamente raggruppati in relazione alla tipologia di studio, descrizione di specifici programmi di insegnamento e raccomandazioni. L’utilizzo di tecniche di comunicazione alternative risulta essere una priorità per gli infermieri che si prendono cura di bambini tracheostomizzati. Tra queste, senza dubbio, la lingua dei segni rivela la sua efficacia. | it |
pair_31899447 | The work of veterinarians is continuously undergoing structural changes. A shift from purely curative individual animal care towards herd-health management is observed worldwide in the livestock sector. To illustrate the practical implementation with all its advantages and disadvantages, an online survey was conducted among all practicing livestock veterinarians in the Canton of Fribourg. A link to the survey was sent by email, it was voluntary and possible to complete the questionnaire anonymously. The survey focused on four topics: Demographic data, herd-health management, billing of counselling and use of antimicrobial drugs. Forty veterinarians from at least 79.2% (n = 19) of all veterinary practices located in the canton of Fribourg (n = 24) responded. Of these, 67.5% were practice owners or partner (n = 27) and 32.5% were employed veterinarians (n = 13). In Fribourg, only herd fertility management is included in the herd-health management on a regular basis. The quality and quantity of advanced trainings in herd-health management for veterinarians was assessed as moderate to poor. There are various options for charging herd-health management services. The amount charged was variable. The most frequently used options were hourly rates (100-300 CHF/h), 'rate per cow per year excl. visit rate' (22-75 CHF/cow/year) or 'rate per cow per year incl. visit rate' (85-98 CHF/ cow/year). Only one veterinarian (2.5%) charges for advisory activities not included in the the herd-health management service, which was asked for separately. However, the time required for counselling (excluding herd-health management) was estimated to be between 5.0-70.0% of the total working time (median 15.0%, interquartile range = 10.0-32.5%). Veterinarians in Fribourg are reHauptluctant to follow the international trend towards a regular, integrated herd-health management. The majority of them do not charge for consultancy outside the herdhealth management service. A nationwide survey should be considered to better assess the situation all over Switzerland. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | I veterinari sono soggetti a cambiamenti strutturali continui nel loro lavoro e questa evoluzione punta verso una gestione della salute delle mandrie nel settore degli animali da reddito. Alfine di delineare i vantaggi e gli svantaggi è stato effettuato un sondaggio online tra tutti i veterinari stabiliti in zone rurali nel canton Friburgo e nelle regioni limitrofe. Un link per il sondaggio è stato inviato via e-mail. La partecipazione era su base volontaria e i dati potevano essere anonimizzati se desiderato. Il sondaggio portava su quattro temi principali: dati demografici, gestione della salute della mandria, fatturazione delle prestazioni di consulenza e somministrazione di antibiotici. Hanno risposto quaranta veterinari cioè il 79.2% (n = 19) fra tutte le pratiche veterinarie rurali friburghesi (n = 24). Tra questi il 67.5% erano proprietari o associati (n = 27) e il 32.5 % impiegati (n = 13). Nel canton Friburgo la gestione della fertilità viene effettuata solo su base generale ed è integrata nella gestione della mandria (100%). L’offerta di formazione continua proposta ai veterinari sui temi della gestione della salute della mandria viene valutata da media a scarsa. La fatturazione delle prestazioni per la gestione della salute della mandria si svolge secondo le risposte dei partecipanti in modo diverso con differenze che possono essere molto grandi: più spesso su base oraria (100-300 CHF/h), quindi “per vacca e anno senza la tariffa per la visita” (22-75 CHF/vacca/anno) e infine “per vacca e anno con la tariffa per la visita inclusa“ (85-98 CHF/ vacca/anno). Solo un veterinario (2.5%) ha dichiarato di fatturare delle prestazioni di consulenza al di fuori della gestione della salute della mandria. Tuttavia, il dispendio in tempo per la consulenza (senza la gestione della mandria) è stimato tra il 5.0 e il 70% del tempo di lavoro totale (media: 15.0%, intervallo interquartile = 10.0 – 32.5%). L’associazione dei veterinari friburghesi è riluttante a seguire la tendenza internazionale di una gestione regolare e integrata della mandria. Un sondaggio a livello svizzero permetterebbe una valutazione della situazione a livello nazionale. | it |
pair_31899447 | The work of veterinarians is continuously undergoing structural changes. A shift from purely curative individual animal care towards herd-health management is observed worldwide in the livestock sector. To illustrate the practical implementation with all its advantages and disadvantages, an online survey was conducted among all practicing livestock veterinarians in the Canton of Fribourg. A link to the survey was sent by email, it was voluntary and possible to complete the questionnaire anonymously. The survey focused on four topics: Demographic data, herd-health management, billing of counselling and use of antimicrobial drugs. Forty veterinarians from at least 79.2% (n = 19) of all veterinary practices located in the canton of Fribourg (n = 24) responded. Of these, 67.5% were practice owners or partner (n = 27) and 32.5% were employed veterinarians (n = 13). In Fribourg, only herd fertility management is included in the herd-health management on a regular basis. The quality and quantity of advanced trainings in herd-health management for veterinarians was assessed as moderate to poor. There are various options for charging herd-health management services. The amount charged was variable. The most frequently used options were hourly rates (100-300 CHF/h), 'rate per cow per year excl. visit rate' (22-75 CHF/cow/year) or 'rate per cow per year incl. visit rate' (85-98 CHF/ cow/year). Only one veterinarian (2.5%) charges for advisory activities not included in the the herd-health management service, which was asked for separately. However, the time required for counselling (excluding herd-health management) was estimated to be between 5.0-70.0% of the total working time (median 15.0%, interquartile range = 10.0-32.5%). Veterinarians in Fribourg are reHauptluctant to follow the international trend towards a regular, integrated herd-health management. The majority of them do not charge for consultancy outside the herdhealth management service. A nationwide survey should be considered to better assess the situation all over Switzerland. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Les vétérinaires sont soumis à un changement structurel permanent dans leur travail et cette évolution va dans la direction de la médecine de troupeau pour le secteur des animaux de rente. Pour pouvoir décrire les avantages et les inconvénients, une enquête en ligne a été effectuée auprès de tous les vétérinaires praticiens ruraux du canton de Fribourg et des régions limitrophes. Un lien vers l’enquête a été envoyé par courriel. La participation était sur une base volontaire et les données pouvaient être anonymisées, si souhaité. L’enquête portait sur les quatre thématiques principales suivantes: données démographiques, médecine de troupeau, facturation des prestations de conseil et administration d’antibiotiques. Quarante vétérinaires, soit 79.2% (n = 19) de toutes les pratiques vétérinaires rurales fribourgeoises (n = 24), ont répondu. De ceux-ci, 67.5% étaient propriétaires ou associés ( n= 27) et 32.5 % employés (n = 13). Dans le canton de Fribourg, le suivi de fertilité est effectué seulement de manière généralisée et intégré régulièrement dans le suivi de troupeau (100%). L’offre en formation continue aux vétérinaires sur la thématique médecine de troupeau est évaluée de moyenne à médiocre. La facturation des prestations de médecine de troupeau se déroule auprès des participants à l’étude de manière différenciée, avec même de très grandes différences: le plus souvent un barème horaire (100-300 CHF/h), à la seconde place «par vache et année sans le tarif de la visite» (22-75 CHF/vache/an) et en troisième position «par vache et année avec le tarif de la visite inclus» (85-98 CHF/Vache/an). Seul un vétérinaire (2.5%) a indiqué facturer des prestations de conseil en dehors du suivi de troupeau. Cependant, l’investissement en temps pour le conseil (sans le suivi de troupeau) est estimé de 5.0 à 70% du temps total de travail (moyenne: 15.0%, écart interquartile = 10.0–32.5%). La corporation vétérinaire fribourgeoise suit la tendance internationale à l’introduction d’un suivi de troupeau intégré et régulier, avec un peu de retard. Une enquête au niveau suisse devrait permettre d’évaluer la situation au niveau national. | fr |
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