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pair_34814459
Cost-effectiveness analysis of screening in epidemiology is essential for public health decision-making. This paper describes the general principles, basic steps involved in implementation, analytic methods and other related issues of Markov model. Based on a practical research case of evaluating the cost-effectiveness...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
流行病学筛查的成本效果分析是进行公共卫生决策的重要依据。本文介绍了马尔可夫模型(Markov model)的基本原理、构建步骤、分析方法和相关注意事项。通过中国社区人群中开展的原发性开角型青光眼筛查成本效果分析的实例,从模型构建、参数设置、软件应用、基础分析、敏感性分析和结果解读等方面,详细讨论了马尔可夫模型用于筛查成本效果分析的要点。后续研究应注意马尔可夫模型参数的准确性和研究结果的透明度,并且需要按照相应的报告规范开展流行病学筛查的成本效果分析,以便更好地为公共卫生决策提供科学证据。.
zh-cn
pair_34814460
There are usually unknown or unmeasured confounders in the observational study, which is a significant challenge in epidemiological causal association research. This paper presents a tool for identification and effect assessment of unknown/unmeasured confounders in observational studies: probe variables. It can be divi...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
观察性研究中往往存在未知或未测量的混杂因素,是流行病学因果关联研究中的重大挑战。本文介绍一种可以应用在观察性研究中的一种对未知/未测量混杂因素进行识别和效应评估的工具——“探针变量”。其主要可以分为暴露探针变量、结局探针变量以及中介探针3种形式,前2种不仅可以对未知/未测量混杂因素进行识别,也可以对其效应量进行估计,从而揭示真实的暴露与结局之间的关联。而中介探针则是针对“中介因子”进行控制,从而识别暴露和结局之间是否存在未测量混杂因素。该理论实践过程中最大的困难在于“探针变量”的选择和确定,不恰当的“探针变量”可能引入新的混杂,导致未测量混杂因素识别不准确。“探针变量”可以推荐作为观察性研究报告中的一项敏感性分析内容,有助于读者真实...
zh-cn
pair_34814461
Matching is a standard method for selecting research objects regarding the observational research, which controls confounding factors and improves statistical efficiency. However, its role in controlling confounding is not consistent in different observational studies. Matching can eliminate the confounding bias of mat...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
匹配是观察性研究中选择研究对象的一种常用方法,具有控制混杂因素、提高统计效率等作用,但其控制混杂因素的作用在不同观察性研究中并不一致,匹配在队列研究中能够消除匹配变量的混杂偏倚,但在病例对照研究中匹配本身并不能消除混杂偏倚。在匹配性病例对照研究选择匹配变量时,研究者可能并不能准确判断该变量是否为混杂变量,若误将真实情况为非混杂因素的变量进行匹配,则会形成过度匹配,造成统计效率下降或引入难以避免的偏倚或增加工作量等;若将真实情况为混杂因素的变量遗漏不予匹配,则会造成混杂偏倚。有向无环图是一种直观的展示不同流行病学研究设计、变量间复杂因果关系的可视化图形语言。本文从有向无环图视角分析匹配在不同观察性研究设计中的作用、匹配性病例对照研究中...
zh-cn
pair_34814462
Risk assessment plays an essential role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. A sound index system is critical to obtain accurate risk assessment results. The spread of different types of infectious diseases in various situations has complex influencing factors. Thus, the results of different risk asses...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
风险评估在传染病防控工作中占有重要地位。科学而健全的指标体系是获得准确风险评估结果的关键。不同类型传染病在不同情境下的传播、影响因素复杂,由此而形成的传染病传播风险评估指标体系差异较大。本文对国内外已经建立的、根据传播途径和发生的特定情境分类的传染病传播风险评估指标体系进行综述,为我国制定传染病传播风险评估指标体系提供参考。.
zh-cn
pair_34814463
From 1951 to 1980, stroke was the main cause of disability and death among middle-aged and elderly residents in Japan. Its mortality once stood in the first place among all the developed countries, with the mortality of hemorrhagic stroke significantly higher than that of the western countries. In 1965, the mortality o...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
1951-1980年脑卒中曾是日本中老年居民致残、致死的主要原因,其死亡率曾一度居发达国家首位,出血性脑卒中的死亡率显著高于西方国家。1965年日本脑卒中死亡率达到峰值(175.8/10万),此后以5%~7%幅度下降,到1980年下降至139.5/10万,其死因顺位成为第三位,到2010年下降至97.7/10万。日本脑卒中发病率、死亡率的大幅下降,主要归于重要危险因素的控制和公共卫生服务体系的完善,以及政策和法规予以保障综合干预措施的实施并可利用现有监测系统和调查评估干预措施的效果。鉴于日本脑卒中的流行病学特征和危险因素与我国具有相似之处,其在脑卒中防控中采取的策略和措施对我国有效防控脑卒中具有一定的借鉴意义。.
zh-cn
pair_34814489
In medical research, the quality of data is the key to success. Thus, data quality control becomes an important part of ensuring the research's high quality. REDCap system is an emerging data acquisition system in medical research, which is gradually applied in research at home and abroad. It is a hot issue to realize ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
医学研究中数据质量是决定研究成败的关键,因此做好数据的质量控制工作是确保研究成功的重要一环。REDCap系统是医学研究领域中一种新兴的数据采集系统,在国内外研究中逐渐得到应用。如何应用REDCap系统实现医学研究数据的双录入及质量控制,是研究者们在研究中应用该系统时关心的热点问题。本文将从研究项目的创建、数据采集工具的设计、数据的双录入、数据核查和导出等方面,系统全面地介绍如何利用REDCap系统进行数据双录入及质量控制。.
zh-cn
pair_34814490
Three healthcare revolutions and four medical paradigm shifts have had a profound impact on the development of healthcare system, which has greatly improved human health, however, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed hidden dangers and problems in the construction of the healthcare system. In this paper, we made a brief i...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
三次医疗卫生革命的兴起和四次医学思维方式的转变均对医疗卫生行业产生深远影响,极大改善了人类健康状况,但新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的发生,暴露出医疗卫生体系建设中仍存在的隐患和问题。本文拟浅述群医学与价值医疗,为弥合临床医学和公共卫生与预防医学之间的裂痕以及医疗行业未来的发展路线提供新的思路和方向。.
zh-cn
pair_34814493
Infectious diseases are still one of the leading causes of morbidity and death globally, affecting public health and life, social and economic development, and even national security. Early detection focuses on detecting the abnormal information of infectious disease outbreaks or epidemics in a timely and sensitive way...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
传染病继续成为全球发病死亡主要原因之一,影响公众健康生命、社会经济发展甚至国家安全。早期探测重点是及时、敏感地发现传染病暴发流行异常信息,并进行现场调查和核实,也是有效监测、预警系统的前期;有效监测、预警系统能够全面准确地认识特定传染病暴发流行可能发生的事实条件、驱动因素和传播链,并提出科学有效预防控制策略措施;因衡量收集具体数据的资源支撑和价值大小,难以及时、完整、准确地获得流行病学、病原学等数据信息。本文综述传染病早期探测、有效监测、有效预警理论技术,整合利用中国有效传染病监测预警体系和多时空节点触发与多学科渠道监测暴发流行情况、病因、风险、过程和驱动因素的多源数据,构建运行敏感特异、分期度量的中国(急性)传染病监测、预警和响应...
zh-cn
pair_34814494
Combined vaccines contain two or more antigens. Research suggested that combined vaccines could prevent multi diseases and reduce the frequency of vaccination. This article focus on combined vaccines for children used both at home and abroad, such as diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine (DTaP), measles-rubella-mumps va...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
联合疫苗含有两种或多种抗原,研究认为接种联合疫苗后能预防多种疾病,同时可减少接种次数。本文对国内外儿童用联合疫苗,如无细胞百白破疫苗(DTaP)、麻疹-风疹-腮腺炎疫苗(MMR)等免疫原性和安全性进行综述,并从儿童家长、预防接种工作者和卫生服务方面进行社会价值探究,为我国推动联合疫苗研发和使用提供决策证据。研究发现,联合疫苗对儿童、家长、预防接种工作者和卫生服务方面均产生较好的收益,能够保证其良好的免疫原性和安全性,增强家长的接种便利和经济性,提高预防接种工作者的工作效率,同时能弥补新发疫情对免疫服务造成的影响,提高接种覆盖率和及时率,增加社会收益。目前我国联合疫苗的推广受到技术瓶颈多,人群接种认知水平低等限制。建议加强联合疫苗安全...
zh-cn
pair_34814517
Colorectal cancer is a significant public health issue all over the world. Screening has been shown effective in improving the survival rate and decreasing the deaths of colorectal cancer. Several organizations have released guidelines for colorectal cancer screening. However, detailed recommendations like the age to b...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
结直肠癌已成为严重威胁人类健康的重要公共卫生问题之一,筛查可以提升结直肠癌生存率并降低人群死亡率。多个国家相继发布适合本国人群的结直肠癌筛查指南,但不同指南在筛查年龄等问题上尚存争议。本文针对结直肠癌适宜筛查开始年龄进行汇总,分析其产生差异的原因,为我国人群结直肠癌筛查指南的制定提供思路借鉴。.
zh-cn
pair_34814521
One of the most common birth defects is cleft palate only (CPO) of which non-syndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) accounts for 50%. NSCPO is a complex disease where multiple genes and environmental factors contribute to its risk. Unlike non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), previous genome-wide ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
单纯腭裂是一种较为常见的出生缺陷,其中非综合征型单纯腭裂(NSCPO)占50%。NSCPO是受遗传和环境共同作用的复杂疾病,与非综合征型唇裂伴或不伴腭裂(NSCL/P)不同,通过全基因组关联研究发现的与NSCPO相关的常见遗传变异相对较少。本文对NSCPO的遗传流行病学研究进展进行综述。根据现有研究证据将已发现的NSCPO候选基因分为研究证据比较充分的候选基因、具备一定研究证据的候选基因和现有研究证据较少的候选基因三类,展望了表观遗传学研究、新一代测序技术、交互作用分析在NSCPO病因探索中的应用,为进一步开展病因学研究提供线索。.
zh-cn
pair_34814522
COVID-19 spreads with strong infectivity and triggered a public health crisis, home and abroad. SARS-CoV-2 has high pathogenic homology with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and the three coronaviruses all belong to the Betacoronavirus family. Due to pregnant women's physical and psychological vulnerability, they are the suscept...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
目前全球范围内正流行新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19),而其强烈的传播性已引发重大公共卫生危机。新型冠状病毒与严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)冠状病毒、中东呼吸综合征(MERS)冠状病毒存在高度病原同源性,同为β属冠状病毒。由于孕妇群体在生理和心理上存在一定脆弱性,为疫情流行期间的易感人群和高危人群,本文将对目前所报道的孕产妇罹患SARS、MERS、COVID-19对母婴健康影响进行文献综述,旨在为COVID-19流行中孕妇健康管理与防控提供依据。.
zh-cn
pair_34814523
In recent years, with the rapid development of metabonomic technology and analytic methods, metabolomics epidemiology, as an important branch of systems epidemiology, attracts more attention. Metabolomics epidemiology can better describe the characteristics of exposure, reflect the interaction between environmental fac...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
近年来,基于代谢组学技术平台和数据分析方法的快速发展,作为系统流行病学的重要分支——代谢组流行病学正获得越来越多的关注。代谢组流行病学有助于更好地描述暴露特征,反映环境-基因相互作用的效应,阐明暴露与疾病的“黑箱”机制,并发现新的生物标志物。本文简要介绍代谢组流行病学研究的定义、方法、研究进展及展望。.
zh-cn
pair_34814524
To study and establish a set technology systems of sampling, investigation, quality control, and data analysis of complex sampling for chronic diseases and risk factor surveillance in China based on the requirements of the WHO and China's national conditions, and provide evidence for the policy making and prevention an...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
研究构建一套满足WHO要求、符合中国国情的中国慢性病及危险因素监测的抽样、调查、质量控制、复杂抽样数据分析技术体系,并推广应用,为慢性病防治政策制定和防控效果评估提供依据,为慢性病科学研究提供技术平台支撑是本研究的目的。通过研究复杂抽样技术、监测系统调整及代表性的论证方法,建立了国家和省级代表性的慢性病及危险因素监测系统和复杂加权的数据分析方法。根据国内外相关规划、行动和政策,研究构建了符合我国国情“1+X”阶梯式、涵盖问卷、体测和实验室检测等监测内容和指标体系。基于现代信息技术,研究构建了集抽样、信息采集、生物样本管理、质量控制、结果展示于一体的三级构架的信息收集与管理平台和多中心实验室质控技术体系。应用上述研究技术,在我国开展了...
zh-cn
pair_34814527
The cohort study of lung cancer in high-risk population in communities in China was a part of Lung Cancer Cohort Study initiated in 2017 and funded by Precision Medicine Research of National Key Research and Development Program. Around 50 000 participants from the communities were enrolled from 7 cities in 7 regions in...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
肺癌社区高危人群队列是2017年启动的国家重点研发计划精准医学专项“肺癌专病队列研究”的一部分,其主要目标是在全国7个大区的7个城市,收集5万例以上社区人群肺癌危险因素暴露信息,识别肺癌高危人群,开展低剂量螺旋CT筛查,并进一步追踪肺癌确诊和死亡信息;同时采集生物样本,建立以社区人群为基础、涵盖危险因素暴露、人群危险评估、低剂量螺旋CT筛查、生物样本以及结局随访信息的肺癌社区高危人群队列,为后续开展肺癌精准医学研究提供数据和样本支持。.
zh-cn
pair_34814545
To summarize the development and application of tree-based scan statistic (TreeScan), explain the methodology and provide a reference for future use of this method by reviewing the original pharmacoepidemiological and vaccine studies using the TreeScan. Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases were used for the ret...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
本综述系统梳理了国内外使用树状扫描统计量(TreeScan)方法开展的药物流行病学原始研究,总结TreeScan方法的发展与应用现状,阐述其方法学原理,为我国开展同类研究提供参考。通过系统检索英文文献数据库(Medline、Embase与Web of Science),最终纳入15项研究,其中9项为药物安全性监测研究,6项为疫苗安全性监测研究。研究中采用的TreeScan方法有3类:泊松概率模型、伯努利概率模型及树状时空扫描统计量模型。3类模型的差别主要体现在:在研究设计时是否预先设定了对照、是否考虑了暴露至出现不良事件间的风险期时长。部分研究比较了TreeScan方法与其他不良反应信号发掘方法的检出结果,或使用已知存在的不良反应,...
zh-cn
pair_34814546
Epidemiological analysis describes and compares the characteristics of a certain number of people to make causal inferences. The formation of the study population is always the first step. In this paper, we first define the concepts of cross-sections at both individual level and population level and introduce the three...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
流行病学是对一定数量的人群进行特征描述和比较,并在此基础上进行因果推断。研究人群的形成是其第一步。本研究以观察性研究为例,首先定义个体截面和人群截面,并阐明其测量需满足的3个假设:属性真实值随时间保持不变,属性变量间互不干扰,个体间互不干扰;接着指出因果推断研究应以待定因(或暴露)的发生或状态开始的时间为标准进行统一;最后,基于人群截面的双重角色,提出人群的因果推断研究可分为2类:历史重建研究和探索未来研究,并初步梳理了研究设计框架、估计的效应及设计间的关系。从因果思维角度探讨研究人群的形成过程,可为明确因果推断研究设计类型奠定基础,选取合适的效应估计进行因果推断,值得深入研究。.
zh-cn
pair_34814547
Data standard plays an important role in the process of data collection, Integration and sharing in clinical cohort studies, and more attention have been paid to it. This paper summarizes the 5 international proven data standard model, analyze their characteristics and development status, and match their data modules w...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
数据标准在临床队列研究的数据收集、整合及共享过程中发挥着重要作用,并逐渐受到重视。本研究通过对5项国际成熟的数据标准模型进行综述,总结其特点和发展现状,并将各模型的数据模块与临床队列通用数据集进行匹配,以探究国际数据标准模型的适用性,为我国临床队列研究数据标准模型的制定与完善提供参考。.
zh-cn
pair_34814548
Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Area is the only administrative area in China where the pilot application of real-world data is performed. Based on the special healthcare policy in Boao Lecheng, conducting real-world data study to provide real-world evidence for the clinical evaluations and approvals o...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
博鳌乐城国际医疗旅游先行区是全国唯一的真实世界数据应用试点地区,基于博鳌乐城特许医疗政策,开展真实世界数据研究,形成支持创新药械临床评价和审评审批的真实世界证据,已成为我国药品审评审批制度改革的重要领域,真实世界证据的产生不仅依靠高质量的真实世界数据,还需要合理可靠的研究设计。本文在国内外相关学术研究和监管部门所发布的真实世界数据研究指导原则或规范的基础上,结合博鳌乐城特殊政策环境和前期实践经验,总结了博鳌乐城真实世界数据研究的设计类型,并探讨了各设计类型在博鳌乐城特殊医疗政策环境中的关键考虑,旨在为进一步实施和开展真实世界数据研究提供借鉴。.
zh-cn
pair_34814549
High-quality clinical practice guidelines are of great significance for standardizing the clinical diagnosis and treatment process and improving the overall quality of health care. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation InstrumentⅡ (AGREEⅡ) is one of the recognized tools for the evaluation of the quality...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
高质量的临床实践指南对规范临床诊疗过程、提高卫生保健总体质量意义重大。指南研究和评估工具Ⅱ(AGREEⅡ)是公认的用以评估临床实践指南质量的工具之一,目前已被国内学者翻译成中文版本并广泛应用于指南制定和质量评价。本研究拟以中国食管癌筛查领域质量相对较高的临床实践指南《中国早期食管癌及癌前病变筛查专家共识意见(2019年,新乡)》为范例,对AGREEⅡ的使用进行逐条解读,以期为医疗卫生工作者更好地理解和使用该工具提供参考。.
zh-cn
pair_34814556
Human challenge trial (HCT) is a test in which human volunteers are intentionally infected with pathogens in order to evaluate the efficacy of candidate preventive or therapeutic drugs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the HCT of vaccines has aroused people's attention due to its significant advantages over clinical trial...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
人体挑战试验是指让人类志愿者有意感染病原体的试验,作为测试候选预防或治疗药物效果的方法。在新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)大流行期间,疫苗人体挑战试验因其较临床试验显著的优势而引起人们的关注。本文介绍了人体挑战试验的概念、发展、应用,人体挑战试验进行疫苗评估的优势和局限性,以及在中国未来开展新型冠状病毒疫苗人体挑战试验的考虑。.
zh-cn
pair_34814557
Injury is a threat to children globally and appears as the leading cause of death among children aged 1 to 17 years in China. Child injury prevention is a public health measure with a high cost-benefit ratio. Many years of research and practices have proved the effectiveness of specific child injury interventions. It i...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
伤害是全球儿童面临的健康威胁,也是中国1~17岁儿童的首位死因。儿童伤害预防是非常具有投入产出效益的一项公共卫生措施,国内外多年的研究和实践也证明相关儿童伤害干预措施的有效性。建议加强伤害防控工作的部门分工与协调机制,确保必要的财政经费支持,以广泛实施各项有效的干预措施,保障儿童健康成长。.
zh-cn
pair_34814573
Cohort study has emerged as an essential tool for gaining knowledge about risk factors and prevention of diseases. The studies related to cohort population have been progressing more than 60 years in our country, while different types and numbers in cohort studies have increased dramatically with the key programs speci...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
队列研究是探索病因和疾病防治知识发现的最有效工具之一。队列研究在我国已有60余年的工作基础,尤其自2016年科技部首次对队列研究专门立项以来,我国队列研究的种类和数量急剧增加。现代队列研究需要在经典的队列研究设计原则基础上,充分应用现代多学科资源和技术方法,以使暴露与结局关联分析和病因推断更加系统和精准。本文介绍了京津冀自然人群队列研究设计的理念、研究进展和挑战,以及在实施中应对的关键问题,可为国内队列研究及其随访机制建设提供参考。.
zh-cn
pair_34814575
One of the most cost-effective measures in cancer prevention on cancer is to advocate to be aware of the disease, consciously changing negative behaviors, and taking the initiative to participate in regular physical checkup programs. Esophageal cancer is one of the malignant tumors accompanied by a heavy disease burden...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
癌症防治工作的重点在于一级预防和二级预防,通过健康教育引起人们对疾病的重视、自觉改变不良行为习惯、主动参加定期体检是防治癌症性价比最高的措施之一。食管癌作为我国疾病负担较重的恶性肿瘤之一,定期筛查和早诊早治是该病防治工作的重点。而队列研究有助于了解食管癌的自然史和危险因素、识别食管癌高危人群。本研究拟从危险因素调查、疾病监测、生物样本信息搜集等方面对食管癌多维动态随访共享队列的建设规范进行探讨,为今后建立规范统一的食管癌筛查队列研究操作流程和建设标准提供参考。.
zh-cn
pair_34814576
With the development of society, the dietary pattern of Chinese residents gradually tends to be Westernized, and the disease spectrum has also been progressively changed into chronic non-communicable diseases like ischemic heart disease and stroke. Diet has been recognized as a common and modifiable factor for many chr...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
随着社会的发展,中国居民膳食模式逐渐趋向西式化,同时疾病谱也逐渐转变为慢性非传染性疾病,如缺血性心脏病和脑卒中。饮食已被视为许多慢性疾病共同且可改变的影响因素。本研究通过检索中、英文数据库2015-2020年的文献,从系统的角度梳理并整合了近年来膳食模式与心血管系统、代谢性疾病、消化系统、运动系统和精神系统的研究结局指标、可能机制和研究结论等。本研究发现以红肉及其加工肉类、快餐食品、含糖饮料等为特征的膳食模式是大多数疾病的危险因素,而以蔬菜、水果、全谷物、鱼等为特征的膳食模式是大多数疾病的保护因素。本文提出了膳食模式研究中应注意的问题,为后续的研究以及疾病的预防和干预提供科学依据。.
zh-cn
pair_34814577
HIV infection among foreign personnel is one of the nonnegligible issues to control the epidemic of HIV/AIDS in China. It is necessary for HIV infection among foreign personnel to be taken effective measures in China. This paper consists of information about epidemic characteristics among foreign personnel with HIV in ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
外籍HIV感染者的流行问题是我国控制艾滋病流行不可忽视的问题之一,须针对外籍HIV感染者采取有效服务措施。本研究通过梳理国内外籍HIV感染者总体感染情况、地域分布情况等流行特征以及防治现状,为今后向该群体开展更有效的艾滋病知识健康教育与行为干预提供参考。.
zh-cn
pair_34814578
Viral hepatitis has been causing big threat to public health globally. The number of annual deaths caused by hepatitis surpassed the deaths caused by AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. World Health Organization (WHO) issued the global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016-2020 (GHSS) to control its epidemic. It ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
病毒性肝炎对全球公共卫生造成严重威胁,其每年造成的相关死亡人数超过了艾滋病、结核病和疟疾导致的死亡人数。为控制全球病毒性肝炎的流行,WHO提出了《2016-2021全球卫生部门病毒性肝炎战略》(GHSS),并成立了艾滋病病毒、病毒性肝炎和性传播疾病策略技术咨询委员会(STAC)。本文总结了GHSS目标和2020年STAC会议主旨,分析了我国消除病毒性肝炎面临的挑战和机遇,并结合本期刊发的论文进行评论,为进一步推动实现消除病毒性肝炎目标提供技术指导。.
zh-cn
pair_34814600
Health indicators of life expectancy are widely used to evaluate the overall health level of population or the disease burden in population. With the increase of the cohorts to which long-term follow-ups were made, more studies have explored the influencing factors of such indicators. This paper summarizes the commonly...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
期望寿命相关指标是目前应用最为广泛的衡量人群总体健康水平或疾病负担的指标之一。随着长期随访的人群队列的增加,越来越多的研究开始探索此类指标的影响因素。本文将就期望寿命相关研究中较常采用的指标及其定义、计算的基本原理和在慢性病流行病学研究中的应用实例进行综述。.
zh-cn
pair_34814601
Biological age (BA) can be used to measure the aging process of individuals and make up for the deficiency that chronological age cannot explain the discrepancy of health status among individuals at same chronological age. In recent years, multiple measurements of BA based on clinical or phenotypic, molecular biologica...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
利用生物学年龄衡量个体的衰老进程,可以弥补实足年龄难以解释同龄个体间健康水平差异的缺陷。近年来,涌现出多种基于临床或表型、分子生物学指标或复合型指标的生物学年龄测量方法。本文对一些常见的生物学年龄评价指标进行概述,并比较这些评价指标的效度。.
zh-cn
pair_34814602
As an important branch of artificial intelligence, machine learning is widely used in various fields. Machine learning has similarity to classical statistical methods, but can solve many problems which are difficult for traditional statistics, so it is one of the important tools in epidemiological research. This paper ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
机器学习作为人工智能的重要分支之一,广泛运用于各个领域。机器学习与经典统计学方法有相似之处,同时又能解决许多传统统计学难以处理的难题,因此是流行病学研究的重要工具之一。本文介绍了几种机器学习的常用算法,并对其特点和在流行病学研究中的应用进行了总结。读者可根据研究目的选择适当的机器学习方法,让机器学习技术更好地为流行病学研究服务。.
zh-cn
pair_34814603
Stroke has high disability rate and high mortality rate, resulting in huge disease burden to society and individuals. In the context of highly informationization of global health system, countries have built and improved various public health information platform to provide support for health decision-making through pu...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
脑卒中发病具有致残率高、死亡率高的特点,给社会和个人带来巨大的疾病负担。在全球卫生系统高度信息化的今天,各国纷纷搭建与完善公共卫生信息平台,通过平台中的公共卫生信息实现收集、整理、挖掘、分析、共享一体化,研究脑卒中的疾病负担,为卫生决策提供支撑。本研究通过对国内外文献资料进行检索复习,概述了我国脑卒中疾病负担的研究方法及其公共卫生信息来源,评价了各个疾病负担研究方法的公共卫生学意义以及局限性,描述了全球以及我国脑卒中疾病负担大数据平台的应用及发展情况,并通过总结我国现有的脑卒中疾病负担评价系统的局限性,对我国建立更加现代化以及信息化的脑卒中疾病负担评价系统提供建议。.
zh-cn
pair_34814604
Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a kind of zoonotic virus which can cause acute respiratory infectious diseases. Since the report of the world's first human infection case of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in China in 2013, close attention has been paid to the virus. AIV spreads widely around the world, and human infecti...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)是一种可引起急性呼吸道传染病的人畜共患病毒。自2013年我国出现了全球首例人感染H7N9型AIV病例以来,人们对该病毒产生了担忧与恐慌。AIV在全球广泛传播,人感染不同型别AIV事件也持续发生,造成了巨大的经济损失。目前尚无针对该病的特异性治疗措施与药物,疫苗成为最有可能预防控制病毒传播的手段。现有针对H7N9型AIV的兽用与人用疫苗种类繁多,其中,4类人用H7N9型AIV疫苗已经率先进入了临床试验阶段,主要包括了病毒样颗粒疫苗、减毒活疫苗、灭活疫苗及DNA疫苗,并显示出了良好的安全性和免疫原性。因为暂无上市的人用AIV疫苗,所以其真实效力不得而知。此外,现有的流感疫苗...
zh-cn
pair_34814605
Non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP), a biological means to block the transmission of HIV, is recommended by European countries, USA and WHO to use in HIV high-risk groups, but its utilization rate is still very low. The information-motivation-behavioral skills model (IMB) can accurately explain the preval...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
非职业暴露后预防(nPEP)是阻断HIV传播的一种生物学手段,欧美等国家及WHO均推荐在HIV高危人群中推广使用nPEP,但至今其使用率依然很低。信息-动机-行为技巧模型(IMB模型)可以准确的解释健康行为的发生和改变,本文以该模型为理论框架对nPEP药物使用的影响因素研究进行综述,为更深入研究如何促进nPEP的使用提供基础。.
zh-cn
pair_34814606
Geriatric epidemiology deals with the application of epidemiological techniques to study the distribution and prevention of health status, diseases, and risk factors among the elderly, to develop intervention measures for promoting healthy ageing. The ageing of the population is a gradually developed phenomenon that is...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
老年流行病学是运用流行病学原理和方法,研究老年人群健康状态、疾病及其危险因素的分布和预防,并采取干预措施促进老年人群健康的学科。我国人口老龄化和高龄化进程逐渐加深,老年流行病学作为流行病学的重要分支和老年预防医学的骨干学科之一,为实现预防疾病、促进健康的目标发挥着重要作用。本文总结了近年来我国老年流行病学研究的进展,梳理我国老年人的健康分布规律和危险因素等,并对老年流行病学学科发展的趋势进行了展望。.
zh-cn
pair_34814607
Influenza is a respiratory infectious disease that can seriously affect human health. Influenza virus has frequent antigenic drifts that can facilitate escape from pre-existing population immunity and lead to rapid and widespread transmission. Seasonal influenza is characterized by annual epidemics and outbreaks in pla...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
流感是由流感病毒引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病,严重危害人群健康。流感病毒其抗原性易变,传播迅速,每年可引起季节性流行,在学校、托幼机构和养老院等人群聚集的场所可发生暴发疫情。每年流感季节性流行在全球可导致300万~500万重症病例,29万~65万呼吸道疾病相关死亡。孕妇、婴幼儿、老年人和慢性基础疾病患者等高危人群,罹患流感后出现严重疾病和死亡的风险较高。尤其是2021年全球新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠)疫情严重流行态势仍将持续,今冬明春可能会出现新冠疫情与流感等呼吸道传染病叠加流行的风险。而接种流感疫苗是预防流感的最有效手段,可以减少流感相关疾病带来的危害及对医疗资源的占用。我国现已批准上市的流感疫苗有三价灭活流感疫苗(IIV3)、四价灭活...
zh-cn
pair_34814611
SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has the characteristics of stronger infectivity, higher viral load, and shorter incubation period, posing new challenges to the prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was first discovered in India, then quickly spread in many countries and has gradually become one...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Delta变异株具有传染力强、病毒载量高、潜伏期缩短等特点,给疫情防控带来新的挑战。该变异株在印度被发现后,迅速在多个国家流行并逐渐成为全球主要流行株之一,我国多个省份也发生了Delta变异株所致的局部聚集性疫情。本文就Delta变异株的病原学特征、传播特征及可能的机制、流行现状、疫苗对其保护效果、防控措施等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为科学防控Delta变异株所致疫情提供参考。.
zh-cn
pair_34814625
Observation and experiment and their related connotations and concepts remain vague, which affects the correct understanding of research design and the judgment of the validity of causal inference. This article borrows the concept of phase transition in physics, combines causal thinking and causal diagrams, firstly est...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
观察和实验及其设计、相关的概念和内涵仍然模糊,影响着研究设计的正确认识及因果推断有效性的判断。本文借用物理学的相变概念,结合因果思维与因果图,首先建立了事物的属性及其状态、事件与现象之间的关系;接着识别了两种现象获取方式——人为观察和人为实验之间相反的因果结构,及其与暴露的干预、分配在因果推断研究中受各自的因果机制影响;最后,识别了干预系因果概念,是自然因果律基础上联系已知的现象和/或需经测量而获得的现象之间的核心纽带;基于此分析了研究设计二分类的策略,以干预法和非干预法的分类更为清晰。观察和实验提供了所有科学知识的基础,应是内涵统一的概念。基于因果律及其测量过程可能是实现研究设计精准分类的最佳选项之一,值得深入研究。.
zh-cn
pair_34814626
The conventional analytical methods cannot effectively adjust for time-varying confounding that occur in a longitudinal study and thus cannot correctly estimate the causal effects. This study explains the necessity of precisely controlling time-varying confounding and outlines G methods, including parametric g-formula,...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
传统分析方法不能有效地控制纵向研究中的时依混杂以得到无偏因果效应估计值。本研究解释了纵向研究中正确控制时依混杂的必要性,概述了现有控制时依混杂的G方法——参数g-formula、逆概率加权和G估计,并通过比较它们的优缺点和适用情况,为研究者在纵向研究中估计因果效应提供参考。.
zh-cn
pair_34814628
Suboptimal diet is one of the most important controllable risk factors for non-communicable diseases. However, randomized controlled trials make it difficult to quantify the causal association between specific dietary factors and health outcomes. In recent years, the rapid development of causal inference has provided a...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
不良饮食是慢性非传染性疾病最重要的可控危险因素之一,但通过随机对照试验定量阐明具体饮食因素与健康结局的因果关联面临很多困难。近年来,因果推断的迅速发展为充分利用和发掘观察性研究数据,产生高质量的营养流行病学研究证据提供了有力的理论和方法工具。其中,因果图模型通过整合大量先验知识将复杂的因果关系系统可视化,提供了识别混杂和确定因果效应估计策略的基础框架,基于不同的因果图,可选择调整混杂、工具变量或中介分析等不同的分析策略。本文对因果图模型的思想和各种分析策略的特点及其在营养流行病学研究中的应用进行介绍,旨在促进因果图模型在营养领域的应用,为后续研究提供参考和建议。.
zh-cn
pair_34814630
Under the background that the national health has become the national priority development strategy, it is essential to speed up public health ability among talents. Based on the consulting project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, 'Research on the training strategy of medical and health personnel in China', this ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
在全民健康上升为国家优先发展战略地位背景下,加快公共卫生人才能力建设显得尤为重要。本文立足中国工程院咨询项目“我国医药卫生人才培养战略研究”,从公共卫生3个阶段教育基础上,分析了疾病预防控制机构公共卫生人才培养的现状、存在的问题,提出了公共卫生人才培养首先要解决公共卫生人员队伍建设问题,要构建院校教育-毕业后教育-继续教育贯通的人才培养体系,针对不同人群,设计不同的培养模式,全方位提高公共卫生人员能力。.
zh-cn
pair_34815206
With the release of high-quality reference genomes assembled by long reads from the third-generation sequencing technology, as well as extensive re-sequencing and population genetic analysis, researchers found that a single reference genome does not represent the diversity within a species. The missing sequences on the...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
随着三代测序组装的高质量参考基因组的陆续发布,以及大规模重测序和群体遗传学分析的广泛进行,研究人员发现来自单一个体的参考基因组远不能涵盖整个物种的所有遗传序列,大量缺失序列导致群体遗传变异图谱不完整,而构建来自多个个体的泛基因组能很好地解决这一缺陷,其研究内容包括负责基本生物学功能及该物种主要表型特征的核心基因组以及与物种的遗传多样性和个体独特性相关的可变基因组。根据核心和可变基因组所占比例的不同,泛基因组存在开放型和闭合型两种类型。本文主要综述了细菌、真菌和动植物的泛基因组学研究进展,讨论了其在各生物类群中的特征,其中哺乳动物泛基因组是相对闭合的,而目前已知的微生物、被子植物和部分低等动物的泛基因组倾向于开放,通过泛基因组的构建可...
zh-cn
pair_34815207
Eukaryotic cilia and flagella are evolutionarily conserved organelles that protrude from the cell surface. The unique location and properties of cilia allow them to function in vital processes such as motility and signaling. Ciliary assembly and maintenance rely on intraflagellar transport (IFT). Bidirectional movement...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
纤毛/鞭毛是真核生物细胞表面伸出的进化保守的细胞器,独特的位置和特性使它们在细胞运动和信号传递等生命过程发挥重要作用。哺乳动物纤毛/鞭毛的组装和维持都依赖纤毛/鞭毛内运输(intraflagellar transport, IFT)。IFT是由IFT复合体A和复合体B在驱动蛋白或马达蛋白驱动下的双向运输系统。该过程可将货物蛋白在胞体的合成位点与纤毛/鞭毛尖端的装配位点之间进行运输。鞭毛是哺乳动物精子产生动力的特异性细胞器,其完整性对精子正常功能至关重要。近年来研究表明,IFT在哺乳动物精子鞭毛形成和雄性生殖能力方面必不可少。本文对参与IFT的蛋白在精子鞭毛形成中的作用和机制进行了综述,以探讨其在男性不育症中的发病机制,为不育症的诊断...
zh-cn
pair_34815211
The interactions between Emiliania huxleyi and E. huxleyi virus (EhV) regulate marine carbon and sulfur biogeochemical cycle and play a prominent role in global climate change. As a large DNA virus, EhVs have developed a novel 'virocell metabolism' model to meet their higher metabolic needs. However, the regulatory mec...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
海洋颗石藻病毒-宿主互作是影响海洋碳、硫生物地化循环及全球气候变化的重要环节。作为大的双链DNA病毒,颗石藻病毒进化出一种“病毒细胞代谢”模式,通过重编程宿主代谢途径以满足其代谢需求,但对这一代谢模式的调控机制尚缺乏足够的认识。MicroRNA (miRNA)作为一种基因表达调控的重要因子,能够通过调控代谢过程中的靶基因表达,从而调节相关代谢通路。本研究采用small RNA测序技术分析病毒感染颗石藻差异表达的miRNA及其靶基因功能,鉴定出26条成熟miRNA (包括2条病毒来源的miRNA),均来自23条新的miRNA前体序列,其中5条miRNA显著差异表达,包括4条上调,1条下调。实时荧光定量PCR (quantitative...
zh-cn
pair_34817103
This report describes the clinical presentation and diagnosis of a deep cutaneous Amycolatopsis spp. infection in a cat. Diagnosis was based on a combination of methods including culture, 16s rRNA sequencing and histopathological evaluation. Histopathological findings demonstrated unique melanin production. This report...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
本报告描述了一只猫的皮肤深部拟无枝杆菌感染的临床表现和诊断。诊断基于培养、16s rRNA测序和组织病理学评估等方法。组织病理学检查结果显示了独特的黑素生成。本报告强调了诺卡氏菌和放线菌以外的放线菌目感染的可能性。.
zh-cn
pair_34817103
This report describes the clinical presentation and diagnosis of a deep cutaneous Amycolatopsis spp. infection in a cat. Diagnosis was based on a combination of methods including culture, 16s rRNA sequencing and histopathological evaluation. Histopathological findings demonstrated unique melanin production. This report...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Ce rapport décrit la présentation clinique et le diagnostic d'une infection cutanée profonde à Amycolatopsis spp. chez un chat. Le diagnostic était basé sur une combinaison de méthodes comprenant la culture, le séquençage de l'ARNr 16s et l'évaluation histopathologique. Les résultats histopathologiques ont démontré une...
fr
pair_34817103
This report describes the clinical presentation and diagnosis of a deep cutaneous Amycolatopsis spp. infection in a cat. Diagnosis was based on a combination of methods including culture, 16s rRNA sequencing and histopathological evaluation. Histopathological findings demonstrated unique melanin production. This report...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Dieser Bericht beschreibt die klinische Präsentation und Diagnose einer tiefen kutanen Amycolatopsis spp. Infektion bei einer Katze. Die Diagnose basierte auf einer Kombination von Methoden wie Kultur, 16s rRNA Sequenzierung und histopathologischer Evaluierung. Die histopathologischen Befunde zeigten eine einzigartige ...
de
pair_34817103
This report describes the clinical presentation and diagnosis of a deep cutaneous Amycolatopsis spp. infection in a cat. Diagnosis was based on a combination of methods including culture, 16s rRNA sequencing and histopathological evaluation. Histopathological findings demonstrated unique melanin production. This report...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Este relato descreve a apresentação clínica e o diagnóstico de uma infecção cutânea profunda por Amycolatopsis spp. em um gato. O diagnóstico foi baseado em uma combinação de métodos incluindo cultura, sequenciamento de 16S rRNA e avaliação histopatológica. Os achados histopatológicos demonstraram distinta produção de ...
pt
pair_34817103
This report describes the clinical presentation and diagnosis of a deep cutaneous Amycolatopsis spp. infection in a cat. Diagnosis was based on a combination of methods including culture, 16s rRNA sequencing and histopathological evaluation. Histopathological findings demonstrated unique melanin production. This report...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Este artículo describe la presentación clínica y el diagnóstico de una infección cutánea profunda con Amycolatopsis spp. en un gato. El diagnóstico se basó en una combinación de métodos que incluían cultivo, secuenciación del RNAr 16s y evaluación histopatológica. Los hallazgos histopatológicos demostraron una producci...
es
pair_34817106
Canine (Canis lupus familiaris) atopic dermatitis (AD) shares similar clinical signs to human AD. The abnormal immune response of AD is orchestrated by T lymphocytes, and may include variable involvement of cytokines, regulatory T (Treg) cells, eosinophils, mast cells and other immune components. Helper T (Th)2 cytokin...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
None
zh-cn
pair_34817106
Canine (Canis lupus familiaris) atopic dermatitis (AD) shares similar clinical signs to human AD. The abnormal immune response of AD is orchestrated by T lymphocytes, and may include variable involvement of cytokines, regulatory T (Treg) cells, eosinophils, mast cells and other immune components. Helper T (Th)2 cytokin...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
La dermatite atopique (DA) canine (Canis lupus familiaris) partage des signes cliniques similaires à la DA humaine. La réponse immunitaire anormale de la DA est orchestrée par les lymphocytes T et peut inclure une implication variable des cytokines, des cellules T régulatrices (Treg), des éosinophiles, des mastocytes e...
fr
pair_34817106
Canine (Canis lupus familiaris) atopic dermatitis (AD) shares similar clinical signs to human AD. The abnormal immune response of AD is orchestrated by T lymphocytes, and may include variable involvement of cytokines, regulatory T (Treg) cells, eosinophils, mast cells and other immune components. Helper T (Th)2 cytokin...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Die atopische Dermatitis (AD) des Hundes (Canis lupus familiaris) zeigt ähnliche klinische Zeichen wie die AD des Menschen. Die abnormale Immunantwort der AD wird durch die T Lymphozyten verursacht und kann eine unterschiedliche Beteiligung von Zytokinen, regulatorischen T (Treg) Zellen, Eosinophilen, Mastzellen und an...
de
pair_34817106
Canine (Canis lupus familiaris) atopic dermatitis (AD) shares similar clinical signs to human AD. The abnormal immune response of AD is orchestrated by T lymphocytes, and may include variable involvement of cytokines, regulatory T (Treg) cells, eosinophils, mast cells and other immune components. Helper T (Th)2 cytokin...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
A dermatite atópica (DA) canina (Canis lupus familiaris) apresenta sinais clínicos similares à DA humana. A resposta imune anormal da DA é orquestrada por linfócitos T, e pode incluir o envolvimento variável de citocinas, células T regulatórias (Treg), eosinófilos, mastócitos e outros componentes imunes. As citocinas d...
pt
pair_34817106
Canine (Canis lupus familiaris) atopic dermatitis (AD) shares similar clinical signs to human AD. The abnormal immune response of AD is orchestrated by T lymphocytes, and may include variable involvement of cytokines, regulatory T (Treg) cells, eosinophils, mast cells and other immune components. Helper T (Th)2 cytokin...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
la dermatitis atópica (AD) canina (Canis lupus familiaris) comparte signos clínicos similares a la AD humana. La respuesta inmune anormal de la AD está orquestada por linfocitos T y puede incluir una participación variable de citoquinas, células T reguladoras (Treg), eosinófilos, mastocitos y otros componentes inmunita...
es
pair_24940013
To determine whether the health performance of Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--has kept in step with their economic development. Reductions in age- and sex-specific mortality seen in each BRICS country between 1990 and 2011 were measured. These results were c...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
确定被称为称为金砖五国(BRICS)的巴西、俄罗斯联邦、印度、中国和南非等国卫生绩效是否与其经济发展保持一致。 衡量每个金砖国家在1990年到2011年间具体年龄和性别死亡率的减少情况。将这些结果与世界上绩效最好的国家以及同等收入水平绩效最好的国家进行比较。我们估计每个国家在降低死亡率方面的进步,并将这些国家的死亡率变化与其他同等平均收入国家进行比较,来估算可避免死亡率的变化。 五个研究国在研究期间相对卫生绩效明显不同。在我们评估的各个年龄和性别子组中,巴西的相对卫生绩效有相当提高。印度的提高更缓和,在各子组间差异性更大。南非和俄联邦出现卫生绩效的大幅下滑,并显示出性别上明显的健康不平等。虽然中国可避免死亡率绝对水平下降,在中国经济...
zh-cn
pair_24940013
To determine whether the health performance of Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--has kept in step with their economic development. Reductions in age- and sex-specific mortality seen in each BRICS country between 1990 and 2011 were measured. These results were c...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Déterminer si la performance en matière de santé du Brésil, de la Fédération de Russie, de l'Inde, de la Chine et de l'Afrique du Sud – les pays connus sous le nom de BRICS – est restée en phase avec leur développement économique. On a mesuré les baisses de mortalité par âge et par sexe, qui ont été observées dans chaq...
fr
pair_24940013
To determine whether the health performance of Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--has kept in step with their economic development. Reductions in age- and sex-specific mortality seen in each BRICS country between 1990 and 2011 were measured. These results were c...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Determinar si el rendimiento sanitario de Brasil, la Federación de Rusia, India, China y Sudáfrica, los países conocidos como BRICS, ha avanzado a la par que su desarrollo económico. Se midieron las disminuciones de la mortalidad por sexo y edad observadas en cada uno de los países BRICS entre 1990 y 2011. Estos result...
es
pair_24940013
To determine whether the health performance of Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--has kept in step with their economic development. Reductions in age- and sex-specific mortality seen in each BRICS country between 1990 and 2011 were measured. These results were c...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Определить, соответствуют ли показатели здоровья населения таких стран, как Бразилия, Российская Федерация, Индия, Китай и Южная Африка (страны, входящие в группу БРИКС) их уровню экономического развития. Были измерены темпы снижения смертности по половому и возрастному признакам в каждой стране БРИКС за период 1990-20...
ru
pair_24940014
To explore the presence and magnitude of--and change in--socioeconomic and health inequalities between and within Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--between 1990 and 2010. Comparable data on socioeconomic and health indicators, at both country and primary subnat...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
探讨 1990 年至 2010 年巴西、俄罗斯联邦、印度、中国和南非(又称BRICS)等金砖国家之间和内部的社会经济和卫生不均衡的存在和量级以及变化。 从公开来源获取国家和主要地方级别上社会经济和健康指标方面的可比数据。使用标准差距和梯度指标识别和总结国家之间和内部的卫生不均衡情况。 金砖五国中有四国在 1990 和 2010 年之间收入水平和收入不均衡情况都有所加剧。只有巴西例外,在同一时期收入不均衡情况减缓。国家之间教育水平和医疗环境可获得性不均衡情况基本上保持不变,但是国家之间平均预期寿命最大差别增加,从 1990 年的 9 年提高到 2010 年的 20 年。在整个研究期间,金砖五国之间的疾病负担比例失调。但是,在研究期间所...
zh-cn
pair_24940014
To explore the presence and magnitude of--and change in--socioeconomic and health inequalities between and within Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--between 1990 and 2010. Comparable data on socioeconomic and health indicators, at both country and primary subnat...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Étudier la présence et l'importance – et les variations – des inégalités socioéconomiques et sanitaires entre et à l'intérieur du Brésil, de la Fédération de Russie, de l'Inde, de la Chine et de l'Afrique du Sud – les pays connus sous le nom de BRICS – entre 1990 et 2010. Des données comparables sur les indicateurs soc...
fr
pair_24940014
To explore the presence and magnitude of--and change in--socioeconomic and health inequalities between and within Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--between 1990 and 2010. Comparable data on socioeconomic and health indicators, at both country and primary subnat...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Explorar la presencia y magnitud, así como los cambios en las desigualdades socioeconómicas y sanitarias entre y dentro de Brasil, la Federación de Rusia, India, China y Sudáfrica, los países conocidos como BRICS, entre 1990 y 2010. Se analizaron fuentes accesibles al público para obtener datos comparables sobre los in...
es
pair_24940014
To explore the presence and magnitude of--and change in--socioeconomic and health inequalities between and within Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--between 1990 and 2010. Comparable data on socioeconomic and health indicators, at both country and primary subnat...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Исследовать наличие, размеры и изменения в социально-экономическом неравенстве и неравенстве в оказании услуг здравоохранения в Бразилии, Российской Федерации, Индии, Китае и Южной Африке (странах БРИКС), как внутри стран, так и между ними, за период 1990-2010 гг. Сопоставимые данные по показателям социально-экономичес...
ru
pair_24940015
To determine the impact of tobacco control policies and mass media campaigns on smoking prevalence in Australian adults. Data for calculating the average monthly prevalence of smoking between January 2001 and June 2011 were obtained via structured interviews of randomly sampled adults aged 18 years or older from Austra...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
确定烟草控制政策和大众媒体宣传运动对澳大利亚成年人吸烟率的影响。 通过澳大利亚最大的五个首府城市18岁及以上随机采样成年人结构化面访获取数据,用来计算2001年1月至2011年6月平均每月吸烟率(每月面访的平均成年人数:2375)。针对增加烟草税、加强禁烟立法、扩大每月电视烟草控制大众媒体宣传运动以及尼古丁替代疗法(NRT)制药公司广告受众范围(使用总收视率计算)、每月NRT、安非他酮和伐伦克林销量以及在烟盒上印制图形健康警语等方面评估对吸烟率的影响。使用自回归求积移动平均(ARIMA)模型考查这些吸烟率干预措施的影响。 研究期间平均吸烟率为19.9%(标准偏差:2.0%),从23.6%(2001年1月)降低至17.3%(2011年...
zh-cn
pair_24940015
To determine the impact of tobacco control policies and mass media campaigns on smoking prevalence in Australian adults. Data for calculating the average monthly prevalence of smoking between January 2001 and June 2011 were obtained via structured interviews of randomly sampled adults aged 18 years or older from Austra...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Déterminer l'impact des politiques de lutte contre le tabagisme et des campagnes médiatiques sur la prévalence du tabagisme chez les adultes en Australie. Les données de calcul de la prévalence mensuelle moyenne du tabagisme entre janvier 2001 et juin 2011 ont été obtenues par le biais d'entretiens structurés avec des ...
fr
pair_24940015
To determine the impact of tobacco control policies and mass media campaigns on smoking prevalence in Australian adults. Data for calculating the average monthly prevalence of smoking between January 2001 and June 2011 were obtained via structured interviews of randomly sampled adults aged 18 years or older from Austra...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Determinar el impacto de las estrategias de control del tabaco y de las campañas en los medios de comunicación sobre la prevalencia del tabaquismo en los adultos australianos. Entre enero de 2001 y junio de 2011 se recopilaron datos para calcular la prevalencia mensual media del tabaquismo a través de entrevistas estru...
es
pair_24940015
To determine the impact of tobacco control policies and mass media campaigns on smoking prevalence in Australian adults. Data for calculating the average monthly prevalence of smoking between January 2001 and June 2011 were obtained via structured interviews of randomly sampled adults aged 18 years or older from Austra...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Определить влияние стратегий по борьбе против табака и кампаний в средствах массовой информации на распространенность курения среди взрослого населения Австралии. Данные для расчета среднемесячных уровней распространенности курения в период с января 2001 года по июнь 2011 года были получены с помощью структурированных ...
ru
pair_24940016
Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--are currently undergoing a deep epidemiological transition that is mainly driven by rapid economic growth and technological change. The changes being observed in the distribution of the burden of diseases and injuries--such as ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
巴西、俄罗斯联邦、印度、中国和南非被称为金砖五国(BRICS),这些国家正在经历一场深刻的流行病学转变,这种转变主要由经济快速增长和技术变革驱动。目前紧要的问题是观察到的疾病和伤害负担分布的变化,比如最近道路交通伤害发生率的增加。金砖国家可能需要更强的机构能力来及时解决这些变化。在本文中,我们介绍金砖国家道路交通伤害的数据并说明这些国家目前在减少此类伤害发生率方面所面临的巨大挑战。每个金砖国家的道路安全指标都亟待提高。对于金砖国家来说,当务之急是在整个系统上加大对道路安全干预的投入,降低道路交通伤害死亡率和致残率。
zh-cn
pair_24940016
Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--are currently undergoing a deep epidemiological transition that is mainly driven by rapid economic growth and technological change. The changes being observed in the distribution of the burden of diseases and injuries--such as ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Le Brésil, la Fédération de Russie, l'Inde, la Chine et l'Afrique du Sud – les pays connus sous le nom de BRICS – connaissent actuellement une transition épidémiologique profonde qui s'explique principalement par la rapidité de la croissance économique et de l'évolution technologique. Les changements qui sont observés ...
fr
pair_24940016
Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--are currently undergoing a deep epidemiological transition that is mainly driven by rapid economic growth and technological change. The changes being observed in the distribution of the burden of diseases and injuries--such as ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Brasil, la Federación de Rusia, India, China y Sudáfrica, los países conocidos como BRICS, se encuentran en la actualidad en una transición epidemiológica profunda impulsada principalmente por el rápido crecimiento económico y el cambio tecnológico. Los cambios que se observan en la distribución de la carga de enfermed...
es
pair_24940016
Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--are currently undergoing a deep epidemiological transition that is mainly driven by rapid economic growth and technological change. The changes being observed in the distribution of the burden of diseases and injuries--such as ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Бразилия, Российская Федерация, Индия, Китай и Южная Африка — страны, известные как БРИКС, — в настоящее время переживают глубокое изменение эпидемиологической ситуации, вызванное в основном быстрым экономическим ростом и развитием технологий. Изменения, наблюдаемые в распределении бремени болезней и травм, как наприме...
ru
pair_24940017
Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--represent some of the world's fastest growing large economies and nearly 40% of the world's population. Over the last two decades, BRICS have undertaken health-system reforms to make progress towards universal health coverage. ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
巴西、俄罗斯联邦、印度、中国和南非被称为金砖五国(BRICS),是全球发展最快的经济体,占将近40%的世界人口。在过去二十年中,金砖国家着手卫生体系改革,迈向全民医疗覆盖。本文讨论了这些改革的三个主要方面:政府在卫生融资方面扮演的角色;改革背后的潜在动机;以及所取得的经验教训对非金砖国家的价值。尽管各国政府在改革中起到重要的作用,但是民间融资构成金砖国家医疗支出的主要份额。中国和印度存在对直接财政支出的依赖,私人保险在巴西和南非大量存在。巴西医疗改革源自一场让医疗成为宪法权利的政治运动,而中国、印度、俄联邦和南非的改革则试图提高公共系统的绩效并减少可达性的不平等。全民医疗覆盖之路推进缓慢。在中国和印度,改革尚未充分解决现金支付的问题...
zh-cn
pair_24940017
Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--represent some of the world's fastest growing large economies and nearly 40% of the world's population. Over the last two decades, BRICS have undertaken health-system reforms to make progress towards universal health coverage. ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Le Brésil, la Fédération de Russie, l'Inde, la Chine et l'Afrique du Sud – les pays connus sous le nom de BRICS – représentent quelques-unes des grandes économies ayant connu la croissance la plus rapide dans le monde et près de 40% de la population mondiale. Au cours des 2 dernières décennies, le groupe BRICS a engagé...
fr
pair_24940017
Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--represent some of the world's fastest growing large economies and nearly 40% of the world's population. Over the last two decades, BRICS have undertaken health-system reforms to make progress towards universal health coverage. ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Brasil, la Federación de Rusia, India, China y Sudáfrica, los países conocidos como BRICS, son algunas de las grandes economías que más rápidamente están creciendo y representan casi el 40% de la población mundial. A lo largo de las últimas dos décadas, los BRICS han emprendido reformas en los sistemas sanitarios para ...
es
pair_24940017
Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--represent some of the world's fastest growing large economies and nearly 40% of the world's population. Over the last two decades, BRICS have undertaken health-system reforms to make progress towards universal health coverage. ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Бразилия, Российская Федерация, Индия, Китай и Южная Африка — страны, известные как БРИКС, — являются одними из самых быстрорастущих крупных экономик мира и составляют почти 40% населения земного шара. За последние два десятилетия страны БРИКС предприняли реформы систем здравоохранения для улучшения всеобщего медицинск...
ru
pair_24940018
Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--have made considerable progress in vaccine production, regulation and development over the past 20 years. In 1993, all five countries were producing vaccines but the processes used were outdated and non-standardized, there was ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
在过去20多年中,被称为金砖五国(BRICS)的巴西、俄罗斯联邦、印度、中国和南非在疫苗生产、管制和开发方面取得相当大的发展。1993年,五国都在生产疫苗,但使用的是过时和非标准化的流程,几乎没有相关的研究,产品的国际认可也微乎其微。到2014年,所有五个国家都有开发疫苗技术的强有力行动方案出台,并极大地提高其国家监管能力。这样就只有南非一个不完整生产疫苗的金砖国家。南非正在重建自身的疫苗生产,已经不再止步于仅仅是散装疫苗进口、配苗和分装的阶段。本文分析了公共部门每剂选定疫苗的价格、以具体厂商产品为代表的全球市场份额、金砖国家公司合作和投资机会对跨国公司的吸引力等所有方面的变化。结果表明,金砖国家已经对疫苗价格和可用来源产生重大影响...
zh-cn
pair_24940018
Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--have made considerable progress in vaccine production, regulation and development over the past 20 years. In 1993, all five countries were producing vaccines but the processes used were outdated and non-standardized, there was ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Le Brésil, la Fédération de Russie, l'Inde, la Chine et l'Afrique du Sud – les pays connus sous le nom de BRICS – ont fait des progrès considérables dans la production, la régulation et le développement des vaccins au cours des 20 dernières années. En 1993, les cinq pays fabriquaient des vaccins, mais les procédés util...
fr
pair_24940018
Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--have made considerable progress in vaccine production, regulation and development over the past 20 years. In 1993, all five countries were producing vaccines but the processes used were outdated and non-standardized, there was ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Brasil, la Federación de Rusia, India, China y Sudáfrica, los países conocidos como BRICS, han hecho progresos considerables en la producción, regulación y desarrollo de vacunas en los últimos 20 años. En 1993, los cinco países ya producían vacunas, pero los procesos empleados para ello estaban anticuados y sin normali...
es
pair_24940018
Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--have made considerable progress in vaccine production, regulation and development over the past 20 years. In 1993, all five countries were producing vaccines but the processes used were outdated and non-standardized, there was ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Бразилия, Российская Федерация, Индия, Китай и Южная Африка — страны, известные как БРИКС, — добились значительных успехов в производстве, регулировании качества и разработке вакцин за последние 20 лет. В 1993 году все пять стран занимались производством вакцин, однако используемые процессы были устаревшими и нестандар...
ru
pair_24940019
During China's transition to a market economy in the 1980s and 1990s, the rural population faced substantial barriers to accessing health care and encountered heavier financial burdens than urban residents in paying for necessary health services. In 2003, China started to implement a rural cooperative medical scheme (R...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
中国在二十世纪八十年代和九十年代向市场经济转型期间,农村人口面临获得医疗保健服务的巨大障碍,在花钱看病方面肩负着比城市居民更重的经济负担。 2003年,中国开始实施主要通过政府补贴的农村合作医疗计划(RCMS)。该计划在县一级开展,提供适度的服务包。 尽管自二十世纪八十年代初期以来中国经济快速增长,但是中国的收入差距加剧,城乡人口之间尤其如此。对此,政府更加重视社会发展,其中包括卫生系统的发展。这方面的例子有提高卫生服务可及性以及降低必要服务费用负担的优先地位。 经过10年的实施,“新农合”现在覆盖了整个农村人口,大大改善卫生保健的可及性。然而,尽管现金支付占医疗总开支的比例在减少,必要服务的费用依然导致许多农村居民陷入经济困难。 ...
zh-cn
pair_24940019
During China's transition to a market economy in the 1980s and 1990s, the rural population faced substantial barriers to accessing health care and encountered heavier financial burdens than urban residents in paying for necessary health services. In 2003, China started to implement a rural cooperative medical scheme (R...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Au cours de la transition de la Chine vers une économie de marché dans les années 1980 et 1990, la population rurale a été confrontée à d'importants obstacles à l'accès aux soins de santé et a supporté des charges financières plus lourdes que les habitants des zones urbaines pour le paiement des soins de santé indispen...
fr
pair_24940019
During China's transition to a market economy in the 1980s and 1990s, the rural population faced substantial barriers to accessing health care and encountered heavier financial burdens than urban residents in paying for necessary health services. In 2003, China started to implement a rural cooperative medical scheme (R...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
Durante la transición de China hacia una economía de mercado en las décadas de 1980 y 1990, la población rural se enfrentó a importantes barreras para acceder a la atención sanitaria y tuvo que hacer frente a cargas financieras mayores que los residentes urbanos para pagar los servicios de salud necesarios. En 2003, Ch...
es
pair_24940019
During China's transition to a market economy in the 1980s and 1990s, the rural population faced substantial barriers to accessing health care and encountered heavier financial burdens than urban residents in paying for necessary health services. In 2003, China started to implement a rural cooperative medical scheme (R...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
В период перехода Китая к рыночной экономике в 1980-90-х гг. сельское население столкнулось с существенными трудностями доступа к медицинской помощи и, по сравнению с городскими жителями, несло более тяжелое финансовое бремя оплаты необходимых услуг здравоохранения. В 2003 году Китай приступил к реализации схемы сельск...
ru
pair_29055983
Chronic hepatitis B is a serious public health issue in China. The clinical management of hepatitis B is effective with the emergence of antiviral agents. The outcome of long-term therapy and nucleos(t)ide analogues stopping rules are currently unresolved issues and unmet needs. Thus, we need to pay more attention to c...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
乙型肝炎病毒感染在我国是一个重要的公共卫生问题。由于抗病毒药物的出现,乙型肝炎的临床管理已经卓有成效。乙型肝炎长期治疗结局和抗病毒药物的停药指标等相关问题是当前临床实践中面临的亟待解决的问题。为此,必须扎扎实实进一步回归临床研究,以终为始,建立大型长期临床研究队列。相信,通过几代人坚持不懈的努力,这些难题终将找到答案。.
zh-cn
pair_29055984
Chronic hepatitis B is a progressive disease that can develop into cirrhosis, liver cancer or even liver failure if it is not treated in time. Antiviral therapy is an important means to delay the progression of chronic hepatitis B disease, through long-term inhibition of HBV DNA replication can reduce liver cell inflam...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
慢性乙型肝炎是一种进展性疾病,治疗不及时就有可能发展为肝硬化、肝癌甚至肝功能衰竭。抗病毒治疗是延缓慢性乙型肝炎的疾病进展的重要手段,通过长期抑制HBV DNA复制,可减轻肝细胞炎性坏死及肝纤维化,延缓和减少肝功能衰竭、肝硬化失代偿、肝细胞癌及其他并发症的发生,从而改善生活质量和延长生存时间。本文从目前全球正在使用的恩替卡韦、替诺福韦酯等一线抗病毒药物的临床研究数据出发,阐述了抗病毒治疗对于慢性乙型肝炎患者治疗结局的影响。.
zh-cn
pair_29055985
Recurrence rate after cessation of nucleos(t)ide analogues remains high in clinical practice. According to current evidences, age, HBsAg level, HB VRNA level, time of consolidation therapy and HBV DNA load were considered to be associated with off-treatment responses after cessation of nucleos(t)ide analogues. Combinat...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
在临床实践中,很多研究结果显示核苷(酸)类似物停药复发率较高,根据已有的循证医学证据,患者年龄、HBsAg水平、HBV RNA水平、巩固治疗时间以及HBV DNA载量可能是核苷(酸)类似物停药复发的相关预测因素。随着HBV相关标志物的不断深入研究,多因素联合预测方式将会有助于做出更加合理的判断。.
zh-cn
pair_29055986
The clinical outcomes of chronic HBV infection are influenced by the interaction between virus, host and environmental factors. Several factors of host include age, sex, individual behavior, host genetic polymorphism and intestinal microflora, directly or indirectly affect the clinical outcome of chronic HBV infection....
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染者不同的临床结局是病毒、宿主及环境因素之间相互作用所致,是多种因素综合作用的结果。宿主方面的因素包括感染病毒时的年龄、性别、个人行为、宿主遗传因素(基因多态性)及肠道微生态等。这些因素通过多种机制,直接或间接地影响慢性HBV感染者的临床结局。因此在慢性HBV感染者的管理中,不仅要重视病毒的控制,同时要关注宿主因素的影响,以便最大限度地改善患者的临床结局。.
zh-cn
pair_29055987
The optimal clinical outcomes are the original intention and base to form the short-term, long-term and special goals of antiviral treatment in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The immediate indicators for assessment of antiviral clinical outcomes, which usually need prolonged follow-up, include the liv...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
理想的临床转归是制定HBV抗病毒治疗短期、长期和特需目标的出发点及归宿,可采用直接指标和替代指标进行评估。直接指标多需长期随访才能评估,包括肝组织学的改善程度、肝硬化和肝细胞癌的发生发展、病死率和生存率、生存时间和生活质量、母婴传播阻断率、肝移植后HBV再感染阻断率等。替代指标是指评估治疗应答、治疗终点以及判断'临床治愈(功能性治愈)'、'准临床治愈(准功能治愈)'、'免疫学治愈'和'病毒学治愈'等'条件性治愈'的各种病毒学、生物化学及无创性肝纤维化指标等。PAGE-B等评分系统对预测肝细胞癌的发生风险有一定价值。'HBsAg转阴'应当以线性HBsAg而不是普通HBsAg检测结果为准。血清HBV前基因组RNA和乙型肝炎核心相关抗原与...
zh-cn
pair_29055999
Malnutrition can reduce the body's immune function, and significantly increased higher incidence of infection, related complications, leading to higher hospitalization days, hospitalization expenses and mortality. At present, the nutrition assessment not only has been widely used in tumor disease; kidney disease; geria...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
营养不良易导致机体的免疫功能降低,从而使感染、相关并发症发生率明显增高,最终导致患者住院天数、住院费用及病死率增加。目前,营养评估已经在广泛的应用于肿瘤、肾病、老年病等学科,并起到很好的临床效果,在肝病方面也有应用,但大多集中在慢性肝病、肝硬化患者,在肝衰竭方面的应用相对较少。而在临床实践工作中,肝衰竭的患者往往合并营养不良,且需要进行营养干预。因此,对于肝衰竭患者,早期对其营养状况进行判断、干预,并遵循个体化的营养状况特点,已逐渐成为治疗肝衰竭患者的重要环节。.
zh-cn
pair_29056000
Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) are liver diseases which are strongly associated with obesity. The incidence of NAFLD has been gradually increased in recent years. According to different pathology of the liver, NAFLD include three disease states: simple fatty liver, hepatitis (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, N...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是一类与肥胖相关的代谢性疾病,其发病率有逐年升高的趋势。根据肝脏病理学形态的不同,目前包括单纯性脂肪肝,脂肪性肝炎和脂肪性肝硬化3个疾病状态。肥胖导致脂肪组织在内脏器官周围堆积,脂肪细胞分泌脂肪因子的增加(如白细胞介素6)与NAFLD的发生、发展密切相关。另外,肝脏也被认为是一个重要的免疫器官,含有肝脏内固有的巨噬细胞(枯否细胞),自然杀伤细胞,T淋巴细胞,调节性T淋巴细胞,髓源抑制性细胞及树突状细胞等免疫细胞。这些免疫细胞通过分泌一些重要的细胞因子,如肿瘤坏死因子和单核细胞趋化蛋白等参与了NAFLD及非酒精性脂肪性肝炎发生、发展过程中的炎症反应。肝脏局部微环境中高水平的脂肪酸通过抑制肝脏组织中CD4...
zh-cn
pair_29056001
For patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction or failure, although parenteral nutrition can maintain nutrition and save their lives, lack of food stimulus during the fasting period can cause abnormal secretion of gastrointestinal fluid, bile, and pancreatic juice, which may result in the abnormal secretion of a series...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
对于胃肠道功能障碍或衰竭者来说,胃肠外营养虽可以维持患者营养、挽救患者生命,但是禁食期间缺乏食物的刺激可使胃肠液、胆汁、胰液分泌异常,从而导致一系列酶的分泌异常,进而导致各种肝病的发生,近年的研究主要集中在对其的预防与治疗方面,现对近年来这方面的研究进展进行综述。.
zh-cn
pair_29056002
In recent years, many studies have been conducted on liver fibrosis. This article introduces the latest advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of liver fibrosis. There is still a long way to go for the research on anti-fibrosis therapy, and this difficult problem will finally be solved with the help of ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
近年来,肝纤维化相关的研究蓬勃开展。本期通过对肝纤维化的发病机制、诊断与治疗方面进行了系统阐述,介绍了各领域的最新进展。抗肝纤维化的研究任重而道远,随着研究的不断深入,这一科学难题最终将会被攻克。.
zh-cn
pair_29056003
Various chronic liver diseases may progress to liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis. Assessment of the degree of liver fibrosis helps with clinical decision-making, prognosis prediction, and evaluation of therapeutic effect, and therefore, accurate diagnosis and evaluation of the degree of liver fibrosis is a research hot...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
多种慢性肝脏疾病可发展为肝纤维化及肝硬化。明确肝纤维化严重程度有助于指导临床决策、判断预后、评估疗效,因此如何准确地诊断及评价肝纤维化程度成为目前肝脏病学的研究热点。近年来,肝纤维化诊断的进展包括多个国际共识指南颁布、抗病毒治疗后肝纤维化转归评价、非病毒性肝炎肝纤维化诊断的发展、无创诊断新技术的日益更新等。.
zh-cn
pair_29056005
Epigenetic modification refers to a variety of regulating processes that may induce the changes in gene expression without altering DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modification, and regulatory non-coding RNAs are involved in hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrogenesis....
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
表观遗传修饰是指一系列不改变DNA序列但可引起基因表达改变的调节过程。表观遗传机制包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和调节性非编码RNAs参与调节肝星状细胞活化和肝纤维化发生。深入了解肝纤维化的表观遗传调节机制有助于发现新的诊断标志物以及抗纤维化治疗方法。.
zh-cn
pair_29056017
Recent studies have found that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has great impact on the development of biliary tract diseases. Here in this review, we summarized the relationship between NAFLD and the occurrence and development, risk factors and severity of cholestasis, gallstones, intrahepatic cholangiocarcino...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
近年的研究发现非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)与胆道疾病的发生和发展具有相关性。现对NAFLD与胆汁淤积、胆结石、胆管细胞癌、原发性胆汁性胆管炎以及胆道微生态的发生和发展,危险因素及严重程度之间的相互关系和可能的联系进行综述,以便进一步探究NAFLD和胆道疾病的发病机制,更好地预防和治疗NAFLD和胆道相关疾病。.
zh-cn
pair_29060968
Modern epidemiology is the art and science of investigating quantitatively regularities or general laws regarding applied healthcare issues. The validity of epidemiological studies is primarily determined by the study design and the precision by the sample size. Large randomized controlled trial (RCT) is thus the most ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
现代流行病学是医学应用型研究的方法论,是在人群中定量地研究有关健康、疾病和医疗服务实践问题一般规律的科学和艺术。流行病学研究结果的准确度主要取决于研究的设计类型,精确度主要取决于样本量大小。大型随机对照试验是最精、最准的流行病学研究设计类型,但是由于伦理的限制,只能用于评估医学干预效果。一项研究需要的设计严谨性和样本量与预期效果的大小成反比:效果越小,所需的研究设计就越严谨,需要的样本量就越大。因此,只有当疗效比较小时,才需要大型随机对照试验,当疗效十分明显时,中小型随机对照试验甚至观察性研究就足以证明其有效性。从研究阶段上看,它是确认性、终结性研究,而不是提出假设的原创性研究。然而,研究的价值最终取决于研究问题的意义和原创性,而不...
zh-cn
pair_29060969
With rapid social and economic development in this country, injury has become one of the three major health issues with public concern. To reduce the burden of diseases as disability and medical treatment that caused by injury also became important in public health. Programs related to comprehensive evaluation on disea...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
随着我国社会经济的快速发展,伤害已成为危害人群健康的公共卫生问题,减少伤害导致的死亡、伤残和就医等疾病负担,是我国公共卫生领域的重要使命。全面评价我国人群伤害疾病负担,建立和完善伤害预防的证据体系,为制定伤害预防控制政策、策略和措施提供重要依据。本期'伤害疾病负担评价'栏目的系列论著,通过不同来源的数据全面系统地分析和描述了我国不同人群伤害的现状及变化情况,为今后开展伤害预防控制工作提供了科学依据和关键线索。.
zh-cn
pair_29060995
This paper introduces the revised Cochrane bias risk assessment tool for individual randomized, cross-over trials (RoB2.0), comparing RoB2.0 of cross-over design with RoB2.0 of parallel design, and illustrating the application of RoB2.0 for cross-over trials in a published clinical trial. As a comprehensive tool specia...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
针对交叉设计随机对照试验Cochrane偏倚评估工具2.0版本(RoB2.0)的主要内容进行详细介绍,主要阐述了与平行设计RoB2.0的不同之处,并举例说明交叉设计RoB2.0的使用方法和注意事项。交叉设计RoB2.0针对交叉设计的自身特点,设置了相应的信号问题,为交叉设计试验纳入系统综述进行证据整合提供偏倚风险信息。.
zh-cn
pair_29061013
With the extensive application in clinical practice, biological medicine plays a significant role in both treatment and supportive care in oncology. With the expiration of original drug patents, biosimilars emerge. The biosimilars are defined as biological drugs that are be highly similar but not identical to the biolo...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
生物制药在全球范围内的应用日益广泛,在肿瘤治疗及肿瘤支持治疗领域占重要地位,随着原研药物专利到期,应运而生的便是生物类似药。生物类似药被定义为与原研药物高度相似、但不完全相同的生物药品,其研发及审评过程均不同于小分子化学仿制药。生物类似药有望降低全球范围内医疗保健系统的支出,在肿瘤治疗领域,正迎来利妥昔单抗、曲妥珠单抗和贝伐珠单抗生物类似药的研发热潮,有望在未来的几年中优化临床决策及患者治疗选择,降低政府医药费用支出。文章介绍了生物类似药的研发现状,重点介绍了肿瘤领域生物类似药研发所面临的机遇及挑战。.
zh-cn
pair_29061212
The purpose of this study was to explore the status of prevention and nursing on venous thromboembolism (VTE) among perioperative patients with lung cancer in Chinese hospital. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 108 head nurses from tertiary hospitals during the first West China Forum on Chest Enhanc...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
背景与目的 了解我国医院肺癌围术期患者静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism, VTE)的预防与护理现状。方法 采用自行设计的调查问卷,在第一届胸科加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)华西论坛上,对全国108名胸外科护士长进行调查。结果 ①评估工具与预防规范:97.22%的医院已采用不同评估工具对肺癌围术期患者进行VTE风险分级,其中67.59%的医院已形成VTE预防护理规范。②筛查、预防与随访:56.48%的医院对肺癌患者进行了VTE术前筛查,90.74%的医院对住院患者进行了VTE预防,52.78%的医院对出院患者继续进行了VTE预防,仅有17.59%医...
zh-cn
pair_29061213
Multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) represents a rare variety of pulmonary malignant tumor while mainly consist of double primary lung cancer (DPLC), but the development of diagnostic techniques promotes the rate diagnosis of it in recent years. Here we summarize and anylasis the data of 30 cases with DPLC in expectati...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
背景与目的 多原发肺癌(multiple primary lung cancer, MPLC)是一种临床中较为少见的肺癌类型,双原发肺癌(double primary lung cancer, DPLC)是其中最常见的一种,近年来由于诊疗手段的进步检出率逐渐升高。本研究总结分析了30例DPLC患者的临床资料,以期为DPLC的诊疗提供理论依据。方法 回顾郑州大学附属肿瘤医院2010年1月-2015年12月收治的30例DPLC患者的临床资料,对临床特征及预后相关因素进行分析。结果 30例中,同时性双原发癌(synchronous DPLC, sDPLC)占3例(3/30, 10%),异时性双原发癌(metachronous DPLC, ...
zh-cn
pair_29061214
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with chemotherapy has a certain short-term therapeutic effect for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but whether it can improve the long-term survival rate of patients is still controversy. This study retrospectively analyzed the difference of long-term ...
en
lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn
train
text
背景与目的 肺癌射频消融术(radiofrequency ablation, RFA)联合化疗对于晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)近期疗效的改善具有一定的意义,但其是否可以改善晚期NSCLC患者的远期生存仍然存在争议。本研究回顾性分析了射频消融术联合化疗治疗与单纯化疗对于晚期NSCLC患者的远期疗效的差异。方法 选择2012年9月-2015年12月在首都医科大学宣武医院胸外科进行肺癌射频消融术并进行化疗的IIIb期与IV期NSCLC患者77例作为实验组,选择同期只进行化疗未进行射频消融术的IIIb期与IV期NSCLC患者56例作为对照组。对两组患者进行电话随访,询问患者目前的生存...
zh-cn