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pair_29429302 | Ocular drug delivery by conventional routes of administration cannot reach or maintain therapeutic drug concentrations in the target tissues for a long duration due to the presence of various anatomical and physiological barriers. Treatment of chronic ocular diseases especially posterior segment of ocular diseases requ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 由于各种眼内屏障的存在，传统的眼部给药途径很少可以在靶组织内达到或有效保持药物的治疗浓度。多种慢性眼部疾病尤其眼后部疾病需要更为有效的药物递送系统，以克服传统给药途径的缺陷。眼内药物缓释系统作为新兴的给药方式，由于可以有效提高局部药物浓度、延长药物作用时间、减少注射频次而受到临床关注。研究者致力于开发更为有效的眼内药物缓释系统，以期提高相关眼病的治疗效果。本文对眼部糖皮质激素缓释系统的研究进展进行总结和分析，以期为相关研究提供资料和参考。<i>（中华眼科杂志，2018，54：154-160）</i>. | zh-cn |
pair_29435198 | Exposure to trauma is pervasive in societies worldwide and is associated with substantial costs to the individual and society, making it a significant global public health concern. We present evidence for trauma as a public health issue by highlighting the role of characteristics operating at multiple levels of influen... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 摘要：创伤暴露在世界范围的社会中都普遍存在，且对个人和社会造成了重大的损失。这使得创伤暴露成为了一个显著的世界公共健康问题。我们强调有特色的应对（characteristics operating）在多重水平上（个人、关系、社区和社会）的影响是创伤的发生及其后果的解释因素，从而提出创伤是公共健康问题的证据。在这一多水平框架的背景下，我们强调了预防创伤的目标和随之带来的后果，并举出利用公共健康方法成功预防创伤的例子。最终，我们描述了公共卫生政策在解决作为全球公共健康问题的创伤时扮演的重要角色，全球精神健康面临的关键挑战，以及发展和实施针对创伤的公共健康政策日程的未来步骤。不论是理解创伤的危险和保护因素以及创伤后应对方式在多重水平上的影... | zh-cn |
pair_29435198 | Exposure to trauma is pervasive in societies worldwide and is associated with substantial costs to the individual and society, making it a significant global public health concern. We present evidence for trauma as a public health issue by highlighting the role of characteristics operating at multiple levels of influen... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | La exposición al trauma es general en las sociedades de todo el mundo y está asociada con costos sustanciales para el individuo y la sociedad, lo que la convierte en un importante problema mundial de salud pública. Presentamos evidencia del trauma como problema de salud pública al destacar el papel de las característic... | es |
pair_29435201 | Trauma is a global issue. The great majority of the global burden of disease arising from mental health conditions occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), among populations in political, economic, and/or cultural transition and those struck by forced migration. These mental health problems frequently arise ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 创伤是一个全球问题。全球的疾病负担大部分来自于中低收入国家（LMICs）的精神健康问题，集中在处于政治、经济和/或文化过渡期和被迫移民的群体中。创伤事件负面影响着成人、儿童和整个家庭，而这些精神健康问题经常作为这些创伤事件的结果出现。正因为如此，国际创伤应激研究协会（ISTSS）发起了全球倡议，以期对创伤相关问题产生全球化的影响。 作为这项倡议的一部分，全球合作组由八个在创伤应激领域活跃的专业机构组成，决定将第一次合作内容集中在童年虐待和忽视。他们从全世界收集指南，以此为基础提出针对预防和治疗综合的核心指导，并对不同文化内容进行修改。《关于童年虐待和忽视的网络信息（iCAN）》是一个提供给经历过童年虐待和忽视的成人以其重要他人使用的... | zh-cn |
pair_29435201 | Trauma is a global issue. The great majority of the global burden of disease arising from mental health conditions occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), among populations in political, economic, and/or cultural transition and those struck by forced migration. These mental health problems frequently arise ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | El trauma es un problema global. La gran mayoría de la carga mundial de enfermedades derivadas de las enfermedades de salud mental se produce en los países de ingresos medios y bajos (PIMB), entre las poblaciones en transición política, económica y/o cultural y las afectadas por la migración forzada. Estos problemas de... | es |
pair_29441156 | A vast number of people annually are affected by natural disasters. Children are at risk of losing their lives and suffer mentally or physically after such events. The fostering of resilience and preparedness ahead of disasters can reduce untoward effects of disastrous events. Risk communication and disaster education ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 每年有大量受害者被自然灾害影响。这给儿童带来丧生风险和身心问题。在灾害发生前就培育韧性和做好准备工作，可以减少灾难事件的不幸影响。风险沟通和灾害教育是灾害准备中的重要一环，但还不清楚这些策略是否可以在自然灾害实际发生时实际影响儿童的行为，以及事后儿童的应对。本文呈现并讨论可以增进准备行为的多种策略，以挽救更多生命。也包括了一小部分在灾害后可以促进应对的一些策略。文中还提到了如知识性宣讲、教育性活动、心理教育和父母指导一类的策略。前人文献指出学校是风险交流的合适场所，而且青少年本身也应该参与到交流的策略中来。但是还不清楚关于准备工作的知识和实际准备行为之间的相关性，以及意识和态度上的改变是否会转变成最终的行为改变。在基于信息的方式以外... | zh-cn |
pair_29441156 | A vast number of people annually are affected by natural disasters. Children are at risk of losing their lives and suffer mentally or physically after such events. The fostering of resilience and preparedness ahead of disasters can reduce untoward effects of disastrous events. Risk communication and disaster education ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Un gran número de personas se ven afectadas anualmente por desastres naturales. Los niños corren el riesgo de perder la vida o sufrir mental o físicamente después de dichos eventos. Promover la resiliencia y la preparación ante los desastres puede reducir los efectos desfavorables de los sucesos desastrosos. La comunic... | es |
pair_29445248 | The city is not just a context for friendships or a problem to be solved through them; it can be a catalyst for these relationships, sparking and strengthening connections between individuals and groups. Shared experiences of and curiosity in cities - expressed through practices that include revisiting familiar places ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 城市不仅是友谊的场域，也不仅是要通过友谊解决的一个问题；城市也是友谊关系的催化剂，引发和强化个人间和群体间的联系。共同的城市体验和对城市的共同好奇，能以有益的方式将人们牵在一起。它们通过各种行为来表达，包括重访熟悉之地和探索陌生之地。这些原则是利物浦率先开展的一项身心健康计划背后的支撑。该计划鼓励人们“关注”和“联系”，这是通过“利物浦身心健康十年”工程推动的五大“身心健康之道”中的两种方式。本文重点关注聚集所有这一切的一组特殊的机制和关系：旨在支持痴呆患者的交友机制，通过接触物件和地方来推动相互联系。本文的这些观察在广义上表明了友谊的意义和用途，尤其是在城市语境中。. | zh-cn |
pair_33415751 | Wet grassland populations of wading birds in the United Kingdom have declined severely since 1990. To help mitigate these declines, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds has restored and managed lowland wet grassland nature reserves to benefit these and other species. However, the impact of these reserves on bi... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 自1990 年以来, 英国湿草地涉禽的数量急剧下降。为了缓解这些鸟类种群丧失, 英国皇家鸟类保护协会通过恢复和管理低地湿草地自然保护区来帮助保护这些鸟类及其它物种。然而, 由于缺乏对照种群, 保护区对鸟类种群动态的影响还没有得到实验评估。本研究将在这些保护区繁殖的五种受保护鸟类 1994-2018 年的种群动态与配对的鸟类繁殖调查获得的反事实动态进行了比较。我们比较了保护区鸟类种群动态与三种反事实动态, 这些反事实动态是基于保护区种群在没有保护的情况下如何发展的不同情景假设。结果表明, 研究关注的四种涉禽:凤头麦鸡 (Vanellus vanellus) 、红脚鹬 (Tringa totanus) 、白腰杓鹬 (Numenius a... | zh-cn |
pair_33415751 | Wet grassland populations of wading birds in the United Kingdom have declined severely since 1990. To help mitigate these declines, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds has restored and managed lowland wet grassland nature reserves to benefit these and other species. However, the impact of these reserves on bi... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Un Enfoque Hipotético para Medir el Impacto de la Conservación de Pastizales Húmedos sobre Poblaciones Reproductoras de Aves en el Reino Unido Resumen Las poblaciones de aves zancudas en los pastizales húmedos del Reino Unido han declinado gravemente desde 1990. Para ayudar con la mitigación de estas declinaciones, la ... | es |
pair_33415851 | Scalp acupuncture is widely used in clinical practice, and there is still a lack of systematic studies on its nerve pathways and mechanism of action. Scalp acupoints are innervated by the trigeminal nerve which is also involved in the regulation of the leptomeninges and related arterioles nourishing the cerebral cortex... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 头针疗法临床应用广泛，其神经通路及作用机制尚缺乏系统性研究。头针穴位主要由三叉神经支配，而颅内感觉传入特别是供应脑皮层营养的软脑膜及血管也由三叉神经支配和参与调节。头针刺激可通过三叉神经节初级神经元轴突反射(其轴突分支可分别支配头部穴位和软脑膜)及三叉神经脊束核二级神经元(头面部穴位和脑内组织的传入通过突触前背根反射和突触后神经源性反应及会聚性相互作用)的反射性“捷径”通路发挥效应，对颅内组织可能存在着天然优势的调控和治疗作用。. | zh-cn |
pair_33415864 | In recent years, a new technique of elastic quantization imaging, the ultrasound-based shear wave elastography (SWE) is arising, which has advantages of real-time, non-invasion, rapid imaging and strong repeatability, and quantifying the elastic properties of soft tissues including thyroid gland, breast, prostate, musc... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 近些年兴起的剪切波弹性成像技术具有实时、无创、成像快速、可重复性强的优势，还可进行组织弹性定量，逐渐被用于针刺的临床及实验研究，应用前景广阔。本文就剪切波弹性成像技术在穴位精准定位、穴位得气、针刺手法研究、针刺治疗肌肉筋膜疾病的疗效评估等方面应用进行简要概述。. | zh-cn |
pair_33415865 | Through collecting the relative records about 'Nishun' (contradiction and consistency between pulse conditions and severity of illness) in pulse taking for acupuncture treatment in ancient literature of traditional Chinese medicine, and combining with the understanding about pulse taking in Lingshujing (Miraculous Pivo... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 通过搜集古代文献中针刺诊脉“逆顺”相关记载，比较不同条文中“逆顺”的含义，结合《灵枢》及后世沿用对针刺诊脉的认识进行分析。针刺诊脉在《灵枢》时期被作为针刺基本大纲，且“无刺病与脉相逆”是基本要求。后世医家亦强调针刺诊脉需明确“逆顺”后方可施针，并对针刺诊脉“逆顺”的内容加以拓展。这对进一步研究针刺诊脉都有积极意义。. | zh-cn |
pair_33415875 | The pivot effect of Tianshu (ST 25) was analyzed, which was explored from 5 aspects, named the ascending and descending of spleen and stomach <i>qi</i>, the smooth flowing of liver and gallbladder, the transmission of intestine, the passage regulation of three <i>jiao</i> (triple energizer) and conducting <i>yang</i> f... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 对天枢穴枢机作用进行分析，从脾胃之升降、肝胆之疏泄、肠腑之传道、三焦水道通调及从阴引阳5个方面探讨其枢机之理。天枢穴总司气之升降出入，欲明其用必先知其源，从气机的升降出入去剖析天枢穴的枢机作用对临床治疗具有指导作用。. | zh-cn |
pair_33415881 | The development process of acupuncture and moxibustion diagnosis and treatment institutions since the founding of the People's Republic of China is summarized and analyzed. The main forms of acupuncture and moxibustion diagnosis and treatment institutions have shifted from the individual, joint clinic and outpatient de... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 就建国以来我国针灸诊疗机构的发展历程进行梳理和分析。针灸诊疗机构由建国初期的以个体、联合诊所及中医针灸门诊部为主，逐渐转为现今的以中医医院和综合性医院针灸科为主。公立及民营针灸专科医院、针灸重点专科的建设与发展，充分扩大了针灸疗法的临床应用范围。未来针灸诊疗机构的发展应突出自身特色，力求满足社会不同层次的需求。. | zh-cn |
pair_33415883 | Based on the literature regarding auricular acupuncture in recent 60 years, the theoretical basis, acupuncturemethods and dominant diseases are analyzed and compared, and three major auricular acupuncture schools are proposed. The first school is the sinicized auricular acupuncture school derived from French Nogier aur... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 整理近60年的耳针相关文献，将其理论基础、针刺方法及优势病种等进行归纳比较，提出了3大耳针流派，即法国诺吉尔耳针派的中国化耳针流派，分为黄氏耳针派、管氏耳针派及陈、许氏耳针派3个支流；由中国古典耳针继承与发展而来的轩辕耳针派；中西医理论相结合且异于诺吉尔耳针派胚胎倒置理论的尉迟氏耳针派。并进一步分析了不同耳针流派的理论来源、耳穴分布特点及其临床应用特色等的异同，以期对今后耳针的临床应用、基础研究及国家标准的完善提供有益借鉴。. | zh-cn |
pair_33415884 | To sort out and summarize the evaluationmethods on the efficacy by acupuncture and moxibustion in ancient literature. The evaluation methods by ancient medical experts could be divided into two categories: one is according to the change of patient's conditions before and after treatment, including the subjective sympto... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 梳理与归纳古籍文献中关于针灸疗效的评价方法。古代医家对针灸疗效评价的方法主要可分为两个方面：一是根据治疗前后患者自身状况改变来评价，包括通过患者自觉症状的前后对比、中医特殊的四诊信息变化来判断；二是针对不同干预手段的操作特点有特定方法来评价，包括针刺时多根据“气至”“得气”判断、刺络放血时根据出血颜色变化判断、艾灸时根据灸疮愈合处皮肤颜色与灸处痛觉变化来判断。本文就这些方法所体现的中医针灸特殊性及其历史技术原因展开分析与讨论，继而进一步阐述其对现代针灸临床评价研究的启迪意义。. | zh-cn |
pair_33415886 | The application progress of machine learning in research of acupuncture and moxibustion was reviewed from three aspects: mining of acupuncture and moxibustion prescription and indications, acupuncture efficacy prediction and its influencing factors, acupoint specificity and acupuncture manipulation research, and the ex... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 从针灸处方及适应证挖掘、针刺疗效预测及其影响因素评价、穴位特异性及针刺手法研究3个方面对机器学习在针灸研究领域的应用现状进行梳理，并对当前研究存在的问题以及未来研究趋势进行讨论与展望。认为今后的研究应当根据研究目的及数据特征，选择合适的机器学习算法构建模型；重视特征设计和特征选择，并做好特征清洗工作；重视样本数据采集，通过建立针灸数据共享平台和规范数据采集流程，以提高数据质量。. | zh-cn |
pair_33417735 | Intradermal testing (IDT) most often requires sedation. Topical lidocaine offers an adjunct or alternative to sedation. We hypothesized that topical lidocaine would significantly reduce reactions to intradermal injections and that atopic dogs treated with topical lidocaine would have similar results with IDT to atopic ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 背景: 皮内过敏试验(IDT)通常需要镇静。外用利多卡因可作为镇静的辅助或替代药物。 假设/目的: 我们假设外用利多卡因可显著减轻皮内注射时的疼痛反应, 并且, 与未外涂利多卡因的特应性犬相比, 涂抹利多卡因的IDT结果相似。 动物: 15只私家特应性患犬。 方法: 第I部分, 比较5%利多卡因贴剂、5%利多卡因乳膏和无活性成分的对照。给出6只特应性犬皮内注射时的最低疼痛评分。第II部分入选了15只特应性犬, 并将利多卡因乳膏 (在第1部分中发现最有效) 随机涂抹于胸部单侧。在胸部两侧进行IDT。比较注射后15 min和30 min对照侧和利多卡因涂抹侧的主观和客观评分。 结果: 涂抹5%利多卡因乳膏可最大幅度降低皮内注射引起的疼痛... | zh-cn |
pair_33417735 | Intradermal testing (IDT) most often requires sedation. Topical lidocaine offers an adjunct or alternative to sedation. We hypothesized that topical lidocaine would significantly reduce reactions to intradermal injections and that atopic dogs treated with topical lidocaine would have similar results with IDT to atopic ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Les tests intradermiques (IDR) nécessitent souvent une sédation. La lidocaïne topique offre une alternative ou un complément à la sédation. HYPOTHÈSES/OBJECTIFS: Nous supposons que la lidocaïne topique pourrait significativement diminuer les réactions aux injections intradermiques et que les chiens atopiques traités av... | fr |
pair_33417735 | Intradermal testing (IDT) most often requires sedation. Topical lidocaine offers an adjunct or alternative to sedation. We hypothesized that topical lidocaine would significantly reduce reactions to intradermal injections and that atopic dogs treated with topical lidocaine would have similar results with IDT to atopic ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Für die Durchführung eines Intradermaltests (IDT) ist häufig eine Sedierung nötig. Topisch verabreichtes Lidocain bietet einen Zusatz oder eine Alternative zur Sedierung. Wir hypothetisierten, dass topisch verabreichtes Lidocain die Reaktionen auf die intradermalen Injektionen signifikant reduzieren würde und dass atop... | de |
pair_33417735 | Intradermal testing (IDT) most often requires sedation. Topical lidocaine offers an adjunct or alternative to sedation. We hypothesized that topical lidocaine would significantly reduce reactions to intradermal injections and that atopic dogs treated with topical lidocaine would have similar results with IDT to atopic ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | O teste alérgico intradérmico (IDT) geralmente requer sedação. A lidocaína tópica pode ser utilizada de forma adjunta ou alternativa à sedação. HIPÓTESE/OBJETIVOS: A nossa hipótese foi de que a aplicação de lidocaína tópica poderia reduzir significativamente as reações às injeções intradérmicas e que cães atópicos trat... | pt |
pair_33417735 | Intradermal testing (IDT) most often requires sedation. Topical lidocaine offers an adjunct or alternative to sedation. We hypothesized that topical lidocaine would significantly reduce reactions to intradermal injections and that atopic dogs treated with topical lidocaine would have similar results with IDT to atopic ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | las pruebas de alergia intradérmica (IDT) suelen requerir sedación. La lidocaína tópica ofrece un complemento o una alternativa a la sedación. HIPÓTESIS/OBJETIVOS: planteamos la hipótesis de que la lidocaína tópica reduciría significativamente las reacciones a las inyecciones intradérmicas y que los perros atópicos tra... | es |
pair_33417744 | Equine pastern dermatitis (EPD) is a common dermatological problem in horses, yet its aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of lesion severity and topical antimicrobial treatment on bacterial flora of EPD-affected skin. Sixteen horses with EPD were investigated. A... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 背景: 马骹皮炎(EPD)是马常见的皮肤病, 但对其病因和发病机制知之甚少。 目的: 本研究旨在探讨病变严重程度和抗生素治疗对EPD发病皮肤的菌群影响。 动物: 研究16匹EPD马。 方法: 通过指定范围为0 (无肉眼可见病变) 至21 (重度) 的临床严重程度评分进行观察性研究, 并对16匹马 (32条肢体) 最严重和最不严重的发病肢体采样, 进行细菌学培养和16S rRNA测序。记录采样前1个月抗生素治疗情况。将肢体分为非病变或轻度发病组 (a组, 评分0-3) 和中度至重度发病组 (B组, 评分4-21) 。 结果: 最常培养的细菌种类是金黄色葡萄球菌 (A组15种中的1种与B组17种中的9种) 。B组内, 用抗生素治疗的6个... | zh-cn |
pair_33417744 | Equine pastern dermatitis (EPD) is a common dermatological problem in horses, yet its aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of lesion severity and topical antimicrobial treatment on bacterial flora of EPD-affected skin. Sixteen horses with EPD were investigated. A... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | La dermatite des paturons équine (EPD) est un problème dermatologique fréquent chez le cheval bien que son étiologie et sa pathogénie soient peu connues. Cette étude a pour but d’étudier les effets de la sévérité des lésions et un traitement antibiotique sur la flore bactérienne de la peau atteinte d’EPD. Seize chevaux... | fr |
pair_33417744 | Equine pastern dermatitis (EPD) is a common dermatological problem in horses, yet its aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of lesion severity and topical antimicrobial treatment on bacterial flora of EPD-affected skin. Sixteen horses with EPD were investigated. A... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Die Equine Pastern Dermatitis (EPD; Hautentzündung der distalen Gliedmaßen beim Pferd) ist ein häufiges dermatologisches Problem bei Pferden, wobei allerdings die Ätiologie und Pathogenese schlecht abgeklärt sind. Diese Studie zielte darauf ab, die Auswirkungen der Schwere der Läsionen und einer antibiotischen Behandlu... | de |
pair_33417744 | Equine pastern dermatitis (EPD) is a common dermatological problem in horses, yet its aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of lesion severity and topical antimicrobial treatment on bacterial flora of EPD-affected skin. Sixteen horses with EPD were investigated. A... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | A dermatite de quartela em equinos (DQ) é um problema dermatológico comum em cavalos, embora sua etiologia e patogênese sejam mal compreendidas. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos da gravidade da lesão e do tratamento com antibióticos na flora bacteriana da pele afetada por DQ. Dezesseis cavalos com D... | pt |
pair_33417744 | Equine pastern dermatitis (EPD) is a common dermatological problem in horses, yet its aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of lesion severity and topical antimicrobial treatment on bacterial flora of EPD-affected skin. Sixteen horses with EPD were investigated. A... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | la dermatitis de la cuartilla equina (EPD) es un problema dermatológico común en los caballos, sin embargo, su etiología y patogenia son poco conocidas. OBJETIVOS: este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos de la gravedad de la lesión y el tratamiento con antibióticos en la flora bacteriana de la piel afect... | es |
pair_24052676 | To explore the extent to which national policies guaranteeing breastfeeding breaks to working women may facilitate breastfeeding. An analysis was conducted of the number of countries that guarantee breastfeeding breaks, the daily number of hours guaranteed, and the duration of guarantees. To obtain current, detailed in... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 探索保证工作妇女哺乳时间的国家政策可以在何种程度上促进母乳喂养。 对保证哺乳时间的国家的数量、每天保证的小时数、保证期限进行分析。为了获得国家政策当前的详细信息，对原始立法以及联合国193 个会员国中182 个国家的第二手资料进行检查。执行回归分析，以对照国家收入水平、城镇化水平、劳动力女性比例和女性识字率检测国家政策和纯母乳喂养率之间的关联。 有130 个国家（71%）可保证有薪哺乳时间，有7 个国家可保证无薪哺乳时间（4%）。有45 个国家（25%）没有哺乳时间政策。在多变量模型中，至少6 个月有薪哺乳时间的保证与纯母乳喂养率增长8.86 个百分点（P <0.05）相关。 在有法律保证提供工作妇女哺乳时间的国家中，妇女进行纯母乳... | zh-cn |
pair_24052676 | To explore the extent to which national policies guaranteeing breastfeeding breaks to working women may facilitate breastfeeding. An analysis was conducted of the number of countries that guarantee breastfeeding breaks, the daily number of hours guaranteed, and the duration of guarantees. To obtain current, detailed in... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Découvrir dans quelle mesure les politiques nationales garantissant les «pauses allaitement» pour les femmes qui travaillent peuvent faciliter l'allaitement. Une étude a été menée sur le nombre de pays qui mettent en place des «pauses allaitement», le nombre d'heures octroyées par jour et la durée de vie de ces disposi... | fr |
pair_24052676 | To explore the extent to which national policies guaranteeing breastfeeding breaks to working women may facilitate breastfeeding. An analysis was conducted of the number of countries that guarantee breastfeeding breaks, the daily number of hours guaranteed, and the duration of guarantees. To obtain current, detailed in... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Investigar en qué medida podrían facilitar la lactancia las estrategias nacionales que garantizan permisos de lactancia para mujeres trabajadoras. Se realizó un análisis del número de países que garantizan los permisos de lactancia, el número diario de horas garantizado y la duración de esos permisos. A fin de obtener ... | es |
pair_24052676 | To explore the extent to which national policies guaranteeing breastfeeding breaks to working women may facilitate breastfeeding. An analysis was conducted of the number of countries that guarantee breastfeeding breaks, the daily number of hours guaranteed, and the duration of guarantees. To obtain current, detailed in... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Изучить, в какой степени национальная политика, гарантирующая для работающих женщин перерывы в работе для кормления ребенка, может способствовать грудному вскармливанию. Для ряда стран, гарантирующих для женщин перерывы для грудного вскармливания детей, был проведен анализ, включающий сравнение ежедневного количества г... | ru |
pair_24052677 | To assess the costs associated with the provision of services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus in two African countries. In 2009, the costs to health-care providers of providing comprehensive PMTCT services were assessed in 20 public health facilities in Namibia... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 评估两?非洲国家提供预防母婴艾滋病毒传播（PMTCT）服务的相关成本。 2009 年，对纳米比亚和卢旺达20 个公共卫生设施中卫生保健提供者提供全面PMTCT服务的成本进行评估。在国家层面上收集所提供每项服务的价格信息和合计金额。孕产妇检测和咨询、男性伴侣检测、CD4+T淋巴细胞（CD4+细胞）计数、抗逆转?病毒预防和治疗、社区活动、产后2 年避孕和婴儿早期诊?的成本以美元估计。 纳米比亚每对母婴PMTCT的提供者的估计成本在是202.75-1029.55 美元，卢旺达是94.14-342.35 美元。这些成本因采用的用药方案而异。在2009 年的覆盖率水平下，PMTCT的最高估计成本在纳米比亚是315 万美元，在卢旺达是704 万... | zh-cn |
pair_24052677 | To assess the costs associated with the provision of services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus in two African countries. In 2009, the costs to health-care providers of providing comprehensive PMTCT services were assessed in 20 public health facilities in Namibia... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Évaluer les coûts associés à la prestation de services pour la prévention de la transmission mère-enfant (PTME) du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine dans deux pays africains. En 2009, les coûts pour les prestataires de soins liés à l'offre de services complets de PTME ont été évalués dans 20 établissements de santé p... | fr |
pair_24052677 | To assess the costs associated with the provision of services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus in two African countries. In 2009, the costs to health-care providers of providing comprehensive PMTCT services were assessed in 20 public health facilities in Namibia... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Evaluar los costes asociados con la prestación de servicios para la prevención de la transmisión maternofilial del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en dos países africanos. En el año 2009 se evaluaron los costes de los proveedores de atención sanitaria que prestaban servicios completos de prevención de la transmisi... | es |
pair_24052677 | To assess the costs associated with the provision of services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus in two African countries. In 2009, the costs to health-care providers of providing comprehensive PMTCT services were assessed in 20 public health facilities in Namibia... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Оценить расходы, связанные с предоставлением услуги по профилактике передачи ВИЧ инфекции от матери к ребенку (ППВМР) в двух африканских странах. В 2009 году проведена оценка расходов медицинских учреждений, предоставляющих комплексные услуги по ППВМР, в 20 учреждениях общественного здравоохранения Намибии и Руанды. Сб... | ru |
pair_24052678 | To explore what can be learnt about the current composition of the 'global landscape' of health research and development (R&D) from data on the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). A random 5% sample of the records of clinical trials that were registered as interventional... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 根据世界卫生组织的国际临床试验注册平台（ICTRP）的数据，探索卫生研发（R&D）“全球景观”的当前组成能够带来哪些讯息。 在ICTRP数据库以介入式和主动招募方式注册的临床试验记录中随机抽取5%的样本。 总计调查了2381 个试验记录。对这些记录的分析表明：对于因传染性、母体遗传、围产期和营养条件、因非传染性疾病或者因受伤造成的每百万残疾调整生命年（DALY），ICTRP数据库估计分别包含有7.4、52.4 和6.0 项正在其中调查这些疾病负担原因的试验。在高收入、中高收入、中低收入和低收入国家中，每百万DALY中分别估计招募有292.7、13.4、3.0 和0.8 项注册试验。 ICTRP是评估全球临床试验分布以及制订翔实卫生研... | zh-cn |
pair_24052678 | To explore what can be learnt about the current composition of the 'global landscape' of health research and development (R&D) from data on the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). A random 5% sample of the records of clinical trials that were registered as interventional... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Étudier et, dans la mesure du possible, connaître la composition actuelle du «paysage mondial» en termes de recherche et de développement (R&D) dans le domaine de la santé à partir de données provenant du système d’enregistrement international des essais cliniques de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (ICTRP). Un écha... | fr |
pair_24052678 | To explore what can be learnt about the current composition of the 'global landscape' of health research and development (R&D) from data on the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). A random 5% sample of the records of clinical trials that were registered as interventional... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Analizar qué se puede aprender acerca de la composición actual del «paisaje global» de la investigación y desarrollo sanitarios (I+D) a partir de datos de la plataforma de registros internacionales de ensayos clínicos (ICTRP, por sus siglas en inglés) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Por medio de un alistamiento... | es |
pair_24052678 | To explore what can be learnt about the current composition of the 'global landscape' of health research and development (R&D) from data on the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). A random 5% sample of the records of clinical trials that were registered as interventional... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Изучить доступную информацию о текущем глобальном распределении научных исследований и разработок в области здравоохранения на основе данных Международной платформы для регистрации клинических испытаний (МПРКИ) Всемирной организации здравоохранения. Проведена случайная пятипроцентная выборка протоколов клинических испы... | ru |
pair_24052679 | To determine whether a women's group intervention involving participatory learning and action has a sustainable and replicable effect on neonatal survival in rural, eastern India. From 2004 to 2011, births and neonatal deaths in 36 geographical clusters in Jharkhand and Odisha were monitored. Between 2005 and 2008, the... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 确定涉及参与式学习和行动的妇女团体干预是否对印度东部的新生儿生存率有可持续和可重复的影响。 从2004 年到2011 年，对贾坎德邦和奥里萨邦的36 个地理集群的分娩和新生儿死亡进行监测。在2005 年至2008 年之间，这些集群是随机对照试验的组成部分，这些试验研究涉及参与式学习和行动的妇女团体集会如何影响孕产妇和新生儿健康。在2008 年至2011 年间，原始干预集群的团体（区域1）继续集会，以讨论新生儿后期的问题；原始对照集群的新团体（区域2）集会，以讨论新生儿保健问题。使用逻辑回归查看在2008 年之后两个区域中新生儿的死亡率。 分析了41191 例出生的数据。在区域1，干预效果保持：集群平均新生儿死亡率在2008 年至20... | zh-cn |
pair_24052679 | To determine whether a women's group intervention involving participatory learning and action has a sustainable and replicable effect on neonatal survival in rural, eastern India. From 2004 to 2011, births and neonatal deaths in 36 geographical clusters in Jharkhand and Odisha were monitored. Between 2005 and 2008, the... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Déterminer si un groupe féminin menant des activités d’apprentissage et des actions participatives a un effet durable et reproductible sur la survie néonatale dans l’Inde de l’Est rurale. De 2004 à 2011, les naissances et la mortalité néonatale ont été suivies dans 36 zones géographiques des États du Jharkhand et de l'... | fr |
pair_24052679 | To determine whether a women's group intervention involving participatory learning and action has a sustainable and replicable effect on neonatal survival in rural, eastern India. From 2004 to 2011, births and neonatal deaths in 36 geographical clusters in Jharkhand and Odisha were monitored. Between 2005 and 2008, the... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Determinar si las intervenciones con aprendizaje y acción participativos con grupos de mujeres tienen un efecto sostenible y reproducible en la supervivencia neonatal en las zonas rurales del este de India. Desde 2004 hasta 2011 se controlaron los nacimientos y muertes neonatales en 36 agrupaciones geográficas en Jhark... | es |
pair_24052679 | To determine whether a women's group intervention involving participatory learning and action has a sustainable and replicable effect on neonatal survival in rural, eastern India. From 2004 to 2011, births and neonatal deaths in 36 geographical clusters in Jharkhand and Odisha were monitored. Between 2005 and 2008, the... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Установить, оказывают ли мероприятия по проведению коллективного обучения и занятий в женской группе продолжительное и воспроизводимое влияние на неонатальную выживаемость в сельских районах восточной Индии. В 2004-2011 гг. проводился мониторинг рождаемости и неонатальной смертности в 36 географических кластерах в штат... | ru |
pair_24052680 | To determine the direct medical costs of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to the National Brazilian Health-Care System (NBHCS) and quantify the contribution of each individual component to the total cost. A retrospective, cross-sectional, nationwide multicentre study was conducted between 2008 and 2010 in 28 public clin... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 确定巴西国家医疗保健系统（NBHCS）1 型糖尿病（T1DM）的直接医疗成本并量化每个组成部分对总成本的贡献。 2008 至2010 年间，在巴西20 个城市中的28 个公立诊所执行全国范围内多中心的回顾式横断面研究。研究纳入3180 名1 型糖尿病（平均年龄22 ± 11.8 岁）患者，他们在接受NBHCS的医疗保健过程中接受调查。糖尿病患者的平均患病期为10.3 年（± 8.0）。从国家和地方卫生系统来源收集2010-2011 年的检测和医疗流程、胰岛素泵和用药、以及自我血糖检测（SMBG）的耗材、注射器和针头的成本。通过增加调查前一年的药物、耗材、检测、诊疗、流程和住院的成本，推导年度直接医疗费用。 人均平均年度直接医疗成本... | zh-cn |
pair_24052680 | To determine the direct medical costs of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to the National Brazilian Health-Care System (NBHCS) and quantify the contribution of each individual component to the total cost. A retrospective, cross-sectional, nationwide multicentre study was conducted between 2008 and 2010 in 28 public clin... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Déterminer les coûts médicaux directs du diabète gras de type 1 (DT1) pour le système de santé national brésilien (SSNB) et quantifier la contribution de chaque composante individuelle au coût total. Une étude rétrospective, transversale, multicentrique et à l’échelle nationale a été menée entre 2008 et 2010 dans 28 cl... | fr |
pair_24052680 | To determine the direct medical costs of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to the National Brazilian Health-Care System (NBHCS) and quantify the contribution of each individual component to the total cost. A retrospective, cross-sectional, nationwide multicentre study was conducted between 2008 and 2010 in 28 public clin... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Determinar los costes médicos directos de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 1 (DMT1) para el sistema nacional brasileño de atención sanitaria (NBHCS, según sus siglas en inglés) y cuantificar la contribución de cada componente individual al coste total. Se llevó a cabo un estudio multicéntrico retrospectivo transversal a ni... | es |
pair_24052680 | To determine the direct medical costs of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to the National Brazilian Health-Care System (NBHCS) and quantify the contribution of each individual component to the total cost. A retrospective, cross-sectional, nationwide multicentre study was conducted between 2008 and 2010 in 28 public clin... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Определить уровень прямых медицинских расходов, связанных с сахарным диабетом 1-го типа (T1DM), в Национальной системе здравоохранения Бразилии (NBHCS) и количественно определить долю каждого отдельного компонента в общей сумме расходов. В 2008-2010 гг. было проведено ретроспективное, перекрестное, национальное многоце... | ru |
pair_24052681 | To report the findings of a second external quality assessment of Giemsa-stained blood film microscopy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, performed one year after the first. A panel of four slides was delivered to diagnostic laboratories in all provinces of the country. The slides contained: (i) Plasmodium falcip... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 报告刚果民主共和国吉氏液染色血片镜检第二次外部质量评估报告的结果（在首次评估的一年后执行）。 将四张载片组交给该国所有省份的诊断实验室。载片包含：(i) <i>恶性疟原虫</i>的配子体；(ii) <i>恶性疟原虫</i>滋养体（参考密度：113530/微升）；(iii) <i>布氏锥虫</i>亚种；(iv) 无寄生虫。 在联系的356 家实验室中，有277（77.8%）家响应。整体而言，35.0%的实验室正确报告所有四个载片，但是14.1%的实验室正确报告1 个或0 个载片结果。主要错误包括：未诊断出锥虫病（50.4%），未识别出<i>恶性疟原虫</i>配子体（17.5%）以及从无寄生虫的载片上诊断疟疾（19.0%）。评估寄生虫密... | zh-cn |
pair_24052681 | To report the findings of a second external quality assessment of Giemsa-stained blood film microscopy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, performed one year after the first. A panel of four slides was delivered to diagnostic laboratories in all provinces of the country. The slides contained: (i) Plasmodium falcip... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Présenter les résultats d'une deuxième évaluation externe de la qualité de la microscopie de frottis sanguins colorés au Giemsa en République démocratique du Congo, réalisée un an après la première. Un ensemble de quatre lames a été livré aux laboratoires de diagnostic dans toutes les provinces du pays. Les lames conte... | fr |
pair_24052681 | To report the findings of a second external quality assessment of Giemsa-stained blood film microscopy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, performed one year after the first. A panel of four slides was delivered to diagnostic laboratories in all provinces of the country. The slides contained: (i) Plasmodium falcip... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Informar de los resultados de una segunda evaluación de calidad externa de la microscopía en frotis de sangre con tinción de Giemsa en la República Democrática del Congo, llevada a cabo un año después de la primera. Se entregó un panel de cuatro muestras a laboratorios de diagnóstico de todas las provincias del país. L... | es |
pair_24052681 | To report the findings of a second external quality assessment of Giemsa-stained blood film microscopy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, performed one year after the first. A panel of four slides was delivered to diagnostic laboratories in all provinces of the country. The slides contained: (i) Plasmodium falcip... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Представить отчет о результатах второй внешней оценки качества микроскопии мазков крови с окрашиванием по Гимзе в Демократической Республике Конго, проведенной через год после первой. Набор из четырех микроскопических препаратов был доставлен в диагностические лаборатории во всех провинциях страны. В число микроскопиче... | ru |
pair_24052682 | To investigate self-reported illness and household strategies for coping with payments for health care in a city in Bangladesh. A cluster-sampled probability survey of 1593 households in the city of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, was conducted in 2011. Multilevel logistic regression - with adjustment for any clustering within h... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 探讨孟加拉国城市应对卫生保健支出的自我报告的疾病和家庭战略。 2011 年在孟加拉国拉杰沙希市的1593 户家庭中执行群集抽样概率调查。使用多水平逻辑回归（调整家庭范围内的任何群集）来研究在过去30 天内自我报告疾病的风险。使用多水平的泊松回归模型（调整家庭和个人范围内的群集），探索与卫生保健相关的“砸锅卖铁”筹钱的风险（例如，通过借钱、变卖、减少食品支出、让孩子退学或者参加额外的有偿工作等方式支付卫生保健费用）潜在关联的因素。 在受访者中，约45%的受访个人在过去30 天中至少得过一次病。未满5 岁的儿童和成人最常报告的疾病分别是常见的热带感染和非传染性疾病。年龄超过44 岁的成人、女性和最贫穷地区家庭的成员在过去30 天的自我报... | zh-cn |
pair_24052682 | To investigate self-reported illness and household strategies for coping with payments for health care in a city in Bangladesh. A cluster-sampled probability survey of 1593 households in the city of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, was conducted in 2011. Multilevel logistic regression - with adjustment for any clustering within h... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Étudier les maladies auto-déclarées et les stratégies des ménages pour faire face aux paiements des soins de santé dans une ville du Bangladesh. Une étude de probabilité menée sur un échantillon de 1593 ménages de la ville de Rajshahi, au Bangladesh, a été réalisée en 2011. Une régression logistique multi-niveaux, avec... | fr |
pair_24052682 | To investigate self-reported illness and household strategies for coping with payments for health care in a city in Bangladesh. A cluster-sampled probability survey of 1593 households in the city of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, was conducted in 2011. Multilevel logistic regression - with adjustment for any clustering within h... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Investigar las enfermedades declaradas por los propios pacientes y las estrategias de los hogares para hacer frente a los pagos sanitarios en una ciudad de Bangladesh. En el año 2011 se llevó a cabo un estudio de probabilidades sobre muestras en grupos de 1593 hogares. Se empleó una regresión logística multinivel con u... | es |
pair_24052682 | To investigate self-reported illness and household strategies for coping with payments for health care in a city in Bangladesh. A cluster-sampled probability survey of 1593 households in the city of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, was conducted in 2011. Multilevel logistic regression - with adjustment for any clustering within h... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Исследовать частоту самостоятельных сообщений населением о заболевании и стратегии домохозяйств, помогающие им справиться с расходами на медицинскую помощь в одном из городов Бангладеш. В 2011 г. было проведено кластерное вероятностное обследование 1593 домашних хозяйств в г. Раджшахи, Бангладеш. Для изучения уровня со... | ru |
pair_24052683 | Birth registration remains far from complete in many developing countries. This was true of Ghana before a major registration campaign was undertaken. This study, based on survey data, assesses the results of a registration campaign initiated in 2004-2005 in Ghana. Key strategies included: extending the legal period fo... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 在许多发展中国家，出生登记工作还远未完成。加纳在执行一项重要登记活动之前的情况正是如此。 本研究基于调查数据评估加纳2004-2005 年启动的登记活动的结果。主要战略包括：延长婴儿免费登记的法定期限；将登记纳入儿童健康宣传周；培训社区卫生工作者进行出生登记；使用社区登记志愿者；在庆祝活动期间进行儿童登记；进行社区人口登记试点。本文讨论了这些战略在提高登记率方面的贡献，表明出生登记和各种就医指标和家庭特征之间的关联度。 加纳出生和死亡登记处与国际组织（主要是国际计划和联合国儿童基金）合作实行出生登记活动。 与其他许多撒哈拉以南非洲国家不同，加纳在活动期间登记率大幅上升。活动战略改善了就医条件，缩短了与登记中心的距离。调查数据显示，5... | zh-cn |
pair_24052683 | Birth registration remains far from complete in many developing countries. This was true of Ghana before a major registration campaign was undertaken. This study, based on survey data, assesses the results of a registration campaign initiated in 2004-2005 in Ghana. Key strategies included: extending the legal period fo... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | L'enregistrement des naissances est encore loin d'être systématique dans de nombreux pays en développement. C'était d'ailleurs le cas au Ghana, avant qu'une campagne d'enregistrement ne soit lancée. Cette étude, basée sur les données d'une enquête, évalue les résultats d'une campagne d'enregistrement des naissances ini... | fr |
pair_24052683 | Birth registration remains far from complete in many developing countries. This was true of Ghana before a major registration campaign was undertaken. This study, based on survey data, assesses the results of a registration campaign initiated in 2004-2005 in Ghana. Key strategies included: extending the legal period fo... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | El registro de los nacimientos sigue presentando carencias en muchos países en vías de desarrollo. Dicha afirmación era cierta en Ghana antes de acometer una importante campaña de registros. Este estudio, basado en datos de una encuesta, evalúa los resultados de una campaña de inscripciones iniciada en Ghana en 2004–20... | es |
pair_24052683 | Birth registration remains far from complete in many developing countries. This was true of Ghana before a major registration campaign was undertaken. This study, based on survey data, assesses the results of a registration campaign initiated in 2004-2005 in Ghana. Key strategies included: extending the legal period fo... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Проблема регистрации рождений еще далека от своего решения во многих развивающихся странах. Такая же ситуация существовала и в Гане до проведения там крупной регистрационной кампании. В этом исследовании, основанном на данных обследований, оцениваются результаты регистрационной кампании, проведенной в Гане в 2004-2005 ... | ru |
pair_32386011 | The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a huge threat to global public health because it develops rapidly. There is no specific treatment so far. Chest imaging examination is an important auxiliary examination method in diagnosis of COVID-19. To further standardize the imaging examination and diagnosis o... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 自新型冠状病毒疫情暴发以来，该病毒传播迅速、传染性强且尚无特异性治疗方法，对全球公共卫生形成了巨大威胁。胸部影像学检查是新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19)诊疗过程中的重要诊断方法。为进一步规范COVID-19的影像学检查与诊断工作，湖南省医学会放射学专业委员会和湖南省医学会影像技术专业委员会联合制定了湖南省COVID-19影像学检查、诊断及医院内感染预防与控制专家共识。本共识阐述了COVID-19的流行病学特征、临床特征、影像学检查流程、影像学表现和CT分期、影像学检查的价值，以及影像学检查医院内感染预防与控制方法，同时总结了儿童COVID-19的临床特点和影像学表现。. | zh-cn |
pair_32386019 | Although continuous outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, it has been widely reported, there were few reports regarding family cases. We reported a group of family cluster outbreak cases confirmed in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China, and their clinical and image characteristics have been analyzed in or... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 随着2019冠状病毒病疫情的持续，已有多篇文献对该病进行了报道，但对家族暴发的2019冠状病毒病的报道较少。现报告一组中南大学湘雅医院确诊的2019冠状病毒病家族聚集暴发病例，分析其临床及影像学特点，以期为该病的防控及诊断提供参考。患者共5例，皆来自同一家族，均有与湖北武汉人员接触史，其中4例为成人，1例为儿童。4例成人患者症状不一，表现为咳嗽、发热、咽痛、呼吸困难，儿童患者无症状。实验室检查除2例患者CRP稍增高，1例患者肝功能指标轻度异常外，其他患者均未见异常。患者胸部CT检查结果均有异常，但影像学表现及严重程度不一。患者最终均行核酸检测确诊。. | zh-cn |
pair_32386018 | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has attracted extensive attention all around the world recently. Early screening, early diagnosis, early isolation, and early treatment remain the most effective prevention and control measures. Computed tomography (CT) plays a vital role in the screening, diagnosis, treatment, a... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 2019冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19)的暴发引起了全球的持续关注。早筛查、早诊断、早隔离及早治疗是目前最有效的防控手段。临床上，计算机体层摄影(computed tomography，CT)在对COVID-19患者的筛查、诊断、治疗和随访过程中均发挥着重要作用，特别是在筛查方面，其检测敏感性高于实时荧光RT-PCR检测。CT结合人工智能有望帮助临床医师提高诊断准确率和工作效率。. | zh-cn |
pair_32386027 | The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, has posed significant threats to international health. By Feb. 20, 2020, 74 576 cases have been confirmed and over 2 118 deaths have reported in the Chinese mainland. Chinese administrations have carried out immediate and prompt measures to st... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 2019年12月下旬在中国武汉暴发的2019冠状病毒病给中国人民，乃至全球人类的健康带来严重威胁。目前感染病例数仍在不断上升，截至2020年2月20日，确诊病例已经达到74 576人，死亡病例达到2 118人。面对这一严重疫情，中国采取了史无前例的举措来控制疾病流行，如对武汉采取“封城”措施，调派全国多支医疗队，超过3万余名医务工作者支援湖北，临时建立两家医院治疗重症患者，建设15家方舱医院收治轻症患者。在病原体鉴定、流行病学、临床诊疗等多个领域进行研究，取得显著成绩，有效控制了疫情蔓延。. | zh-cn |
pair_32386029 | We report a case of myeloid neoplasm with the abnormality of PDGFRB gene secondary interstitial pneumonia. A 66-year-old male complained dry cough and shortness of breath after regular activities. Two years ago, high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) showed interstitial lung diseases, and no clear etiology was ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 1例伴PDGFRB重排髓系肿瘤继发性间质性肺炎的66岁男性患者以干咳、活动后气促起病；2年前肺部高分辨率CT(high-resolution computed tomography，HRCT)示肺间质性病变，未查找到明确病因，诊断为特发性肺纤维化。此次住院期间HRCT提示肺间质性病变较前明显进展，且外周血嗜酸性粒细胞显著增高，骨髓融合基因检测ETV6-PDGFRB阳性，确诊为PDGFRB重排髓系肿瘤继发性间质性肺炎。PDGFRB重排髓系肿瘤是一种较罕见的血液系统肿瘤，以髓系增生异常、嗜酸性粒细胞增多、PDGFRB基因重排为主要特征，多为男性，常有脾肿大，少数有肝、皮肤、心以及其他器官组织损害。对本病的治疗目前首选酪氨酸激酶抑制药伊马... | zh-cn |
pair_32386030 | Treatment-induced neuropathy is an distinct, acute form of neuropathic pain which often occur shortly after initiation of intensive glycemic control and is characterized by excruciating neuropathic pain. It is a rare form of diabetic neuropathy and easy to be misdiagnosed. Clinical characteristics were analyzed based o... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 糖尿病治疗诱导的神经病变是一种独特的、急性神经性疼痛，多在强化控制血糖不久后发生，以难以忍受的疼痛为主要特点，是一种临床少见的糖尿病神经病变，易被误诊。中南大学湘雅三医院收治2例糖尿病治疗诱导的神经病变患者，现结合病例特点及相关文献报道，提出严格的血糖控制可能促使本病的发生，该病的发病机制尚不明确，其发病率远高于预想，临床医生应提高对该病的认识，通过谨慎的血糖管理来避免疾病的发生。. | zh-cn |
pair_32386031 | The performance of the second-generation cryoballoon has been greatly improved compared to the first-generation.But it has not reduced the incidence of phrenic nerve injury, and even increased the incidence of this complication during ablation of the right inferior pulmonary vein. Two cases of phrenic nerve injury occu... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 冷冻球囊从第1代发展到第2代，虽然在冷冻性能上有较大的改善，但并没有降低膈神经损伤的发生率，尤其在消融右下肺静脉时，膈神经损伤的发生率还有所增加。中南大学湘雅二医院心血管内科使用第2代冷冻球囊消融阵发性心房颤动，出现了2例膈神经损伤，均发生在消融右下肺静脉时。回顾相关文献，分析本组2例膈神经损伤的可能原因，以期为减少该并发症的发生提供一定的经验。. | zh-cn |
pair_32386032 | The marginal zone lymphoma is a common indolent malignant tumor in the blood system, but the patients with myocardial amyloidosis is rare. In January 2018,a marginal zone lymphoma associated with myocardial amyloidosis was accepted by the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, main complaining of shortness o... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 边缘区淋巴瘤是血液系统中比较常见的惰性恶性肿瘤，而合并淀粉样变性罕见。中南大学湘雅三医院于2018年1月收治1例边缘区淋巴瘤合并心肌淀粉样变性的患者，其以气促半年为主要表现，检查结果提示多浆膜腔积液、IgM κ型M蛋白阳性、心肌淀粉样变性，骨穿考虑成熟小淋巴增殖性疾病，最后骨髓活体组织检查诊断为边缘区淋巴瘤累及骨髓。本疾病的治疗方案包括利妥珠单抗单药治疗，联合放射、化学药物治疗和造血干细胞移植等，由于临床表现缺乏特异性，容易漏诊、误诊，须依靠组织病理及免疫组织化学确诊，预后不良。. | zh-cn |
pair_32386043 | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly, accounting for about 75% of all dementia patients. The pathological feature of AD is the deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) with strong neurotoxicity in brain tissue, while the hyperphosphorylation of tau in many neuronal cells forms neurofibrillary... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease，AD)为最常见的老年痴呆性疾病之一，约占所有痴呆患者的75%。其病理特征为具有很强神经毒性作用的β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid，Aβ)沉积在脑组织，并且许多神经元内tau蛋白的过度磷酸化形成神经纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangles，NFT)，导致大量神经元坏死，大脑功能调控紊乱，从而出现严重的认知功能障碍。间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells，MSCs)是一种成体干细胞，能产生大量多囊泡体分泌至胞外形成胞外体。胞外体大小不等，直径为30~150 nm，可跨越血脑屏障，携带大量小分子miRNA和蛋白质分子到达脑组织内发挥作用。MSCs来... | zh-cn |
pair_32386044 | GABAergic interneurons are neurons that mainly release the neurotransmitter of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), accounting for approximately 20% of the total number of neurons in the cerebral cortex. They form wide synaptic connections with the pyramidal cells and regulate the pyramidal activity, playing an important role i... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid，GABA)能中间神经元是指主要以GABA为递质的神经细胞，约占大脑皮层神经元总数的20%。GABA能中间神经元与锥体细胞形成广泛的突触联系，在调节锥体细胞的活动及维持大脑皮层回路的兴奋/抑制平衡中发挥重要作用。最新研究表明GABA能中间神经元功能异常是精神分裂症、抑郁症及孤独症等精神疾病的关键发病机制。N-甲基-<i>D</i>-天冬氨酸(N-methyl-<i>D</i>-aspartic acid，NMDA)受体是GABA能中间神经元上的主要受体，其功能障碍及不同亚基缺失可介导GABA能中间神经元功能异常。. | zh-cn |
pair_32386045 | The pathogenesis of neuromyelitisoptica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including infectious agents. Several viral and bacterial infectious diseases are related to the onset and the relapse of NMOSD.The cases of NMOSD with bacterial meningitis have also be... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders，NMOSD)发病机制受遗传和环境因素(包括感染性因素)的共同影响，多种病毒和细菌与NMOSD的发生和发展有关，NMOSD合并细菌性脑膜炎的案例也有报道。不同感染源作用于NMOSD的方式不同，影响和结局也不尽相同，其致病机制包括旁路激活、分子模拟、系统性感染诱发中枢神经系统疾病等。病毒和细菌感染与NMOSD关系密切，建议对NMOSD和精神状态改变的患者行包括腰锥穿刺在内的完整的感染方面的检查。. | zh-cn |
pair_32386046 | Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy tumor among men in developed countries. The incidence rate in recent years is also increasing in China. With the development of technology, the application of PET/CT examination has been augmented in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. In order to detect prostate cancer more ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 前列腺癌是发达国家男性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤，近年来发病率在我国也呈逐年上升趋势。随着诊疗技术的发展，PET/CT检查在诊断前列腺癌中的应用日益增加。为了更加安全、有效地达到精准检测前列腺癌的目的，新型的前列腺癌PET/CT检查靶向示踪剂应运而生，<sup>18</sup>F-fluciclovine便是其中之一。<sup>18</sup>F-fluciclovine具有摄取快、显影快、代谢快的特点，对前列腺癌的复发、转移具有良好的诊断率，但是目前该方面的研究还相对较少，在其安全性、诊断效能、应用价值等方面，仍需要深入的研究。. | zh-cn |
pair_32386047 | Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can result in alteration of intestinal flora and damage of intestinal barrier function. Intestinal dysbios is contributes to the generation of colon-derived uremic solutes and the translocation of bacteria and endotoxins from gut lumen into the bloodstream, subsequently increasing uremic to... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 慢性肾病(chronic kidney disease，CKD)可引起肠道菌群失调及肠道屏障功能受损，而肠道稳态的破坏有利于肠源性毒素的产生及肠腔细菌、内毒素的易位，加重CKD的尿毒症毒性及全身性炎症。膳食纤维可靶向作用于“肠-肾轴”，从而降低CKD的尿毒症毒素水平及减轻全身性炎症。膳食纤维有望成为治疗CKD的新策略。. | zh-cn |
pair_32386049 | Giant fibroma of the breast in adolescence is a benign tumor of the breast that occurs in a special period in women, often in adolescent women aged 18-25 years old. These tumors are characterized by short course and large size. They are rare in clinic and easy to be misdiagnosed. We report a case of 22 cm-pubertal brea... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 青春期乳腺巨大纤维腺瘤为发生在女性特殊时期的一种乳腺良性肿瘤，18~25岁的青春期女性相对易发。这类肿瘤具有病程短、肿瘤大的特点，临床上较少见，易被误诊。笔者报告1例22 cm青春期乳腺巨大纤维腺瘤患者行倒“T”型切口切除肿瘤及乳房整形术的临床资料，并结合文献对青春期乳腺巨大纤维腺瘤的诊断、病理特征及治疗进行探讨。. | zh-cn |
pair_32386050 | Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TBO) is a rare disease with unknown etiology characterized by ossifying nodules in the trachea and bronchial walls without involvement of the posterior wall of trachea. A 35-year-old woman admitted to Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, in August 2018 was diagno... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 骨化性气管支气管病(tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica，TBO)是一种罕见、病因未明的疾病，以气管和支气管管壁出现骨化结节而不累及后壁为特点。2018年8月中南大学湘雅二医院收治了1例35岁的女性TBO患者，其主诉为呼吸困难2年余，秋冬更甚，支气管镜检及活检病理检查可见气管骨化。患者未接受特殊治疗，随访3个月，症状无好转或恶化。回顾已有发表的60例TBO病例报道发现：TBO患者60%为女性，年龄20~80(53.62±15.97)岁，病变累及范围从声带至段支气管，主要在气管和双侧主气管，气管下部更常见。以组合性呼吸道症状多见。诊断主要依靠支气管镜检及病理活检。治疗上，对于有症状的TBO... | zh-cn |
pair_32386051 | Glucocorticoid is a commonly used anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drug in clinic. Allergic reactions caused by glucocorticoids are rare in clinic. Glucocorticoid allergy is a type of allergic reaction caused by glucocorticoid as an allergen, and its clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity are not specific. Here... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 糖皮质激素是临床上常用的抗炎、抗过敏药物。糖皮质激素过敏是一类由糖皮质激素作为变应原引起的过敏反应，在临床上并不多见，其超敏反应的临床表现无特异性。现报道1例湖南中南大学湘雅口腔医院收治的口腔扁平苔藓患者，在接受舌部局部注射醋酸曲安奈德后出现迟发性过敏反应。患者表现为舌部黏膜局部糜烂、出血、疼痛，予以双氯芬酸钠缓释片口服、碳酸氢钠注射液漱口、康复新液含服后过敏症状缓解。临床上需进一步加深对此类药物的认识，对考虑糖皮质激素过敏的患者需要尽快切断过敏原，并根据超敏反应类型进行相应的处理，从而改善治疗效果。. | zh-cn |
pair_32388938 | In order to combat against COVID-19 pandemic, China has adopted a series of prevention and control measures such as case isolation, close contact tracking management, environmental health improvements, disinfection, and personal protection. At present, China has achieved remarkable results in the control of COVID-19. T... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 为了应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情，中国采取了病例隔离、密切接触者追踪管理、环境卫生整治、消毒和个人防护等一系列防控措施，目前国内疫情控制取得显著成效。笔者对环境卫生和消毒在此次新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控中发挥的作用进行了概述，对此次疫情防控中形成的环境卫生和消毒领域值得广泛实施的政策和措施进行了分析，并对其下一步的发展提出建议。. | zh-cn |
pair_32388945 | Based on the new mission of public health set in the Healthy China strategy and the insufficient response to COVID-19, this article pointed out the problems of the current public health and preventive medicine system from the macro-system level, meso-organization level, and micro-individual level, including insufficien... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 本文基于健康中国战略赋予公共卫生的新使命以及本次新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情应对的不足，从宏观系统层面、中观组织层面和微观个人层面提出当前公共卫生与预防医学体系存在的问题：包括战略规划不足、资源投入、机构协调、人才培养与队伍建设等。提出在国家卫生健康委之外设立疾病预防控制局，实行国家-省（自治区、直辖市）-市-区（县）四级自上而下的垂直管理。疾病预防控制局内设战略研究院、疾病预防控制中心、人才培养与培训基地和科学研究所，各司其职，互相依托。提升原有体系战略规划、统筹协调、循证决策的功能；强调科学研究的前瞻性和延续性；让疾病预防控制中心更专注于健康管理和突发事件应对。从而保障公众健康，提高全民健康水平与生命质量，确保社会稳定与发展。. | zh-cn |
pair_32388946 | At present, the prevention and control of COVID-19 in China has entered a critical period. Recently, various areas outside Hubei Province have gradually begun to resume work and production, but the development of the epidemic situation is still uncertain and complex. A few days ago, researchers gradually began to pay a... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 目前我国疫情防控已进入关键时期。近期湖北省外各地区逐渐开始复工、复产，疫情发展还具有不确定性和复杂性。日前，研究者逐渐开始关注新型冠状病毒隐性感染，描述隐性感染者的疾病进程及作为传染源的可能。这对进一步优化和完善疫情防控措施提供了科学依据。注重重点人群的筛查与自我防护、强化检测水平有助于隐性感染者的发现与管理。. | zh-cn |
pair_32388947 | The epidemiological history and clinical characteristics of 7 cases of COVID-19 and 1 case of close contact in the first family aggregation epidemic of COVID-19 in Gansu Province were analyzed. The first patient A developed on January 22, 2020, with a history of residence in Wuhan, and confirmed severe cases of NCP on ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 分析甘肃省首起新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）家族聚集性疫情中7例COVID-19患者及1例密切接触者的流行病学史及临床特征。首例患者A于2020年1月22日发病，有武汉居留史，1月24日确诊COVID-19重症病例；患者B，2020年1月23日发病，1月31日确诊，重症病例；患者C无症状，1月27日确诊；患者D无症状，1月27日确诊；患者E，1月24日发病，1月28日确诊；患者F无症状，1月31日确诊；患者G无症状，1月31日确诊；密切接触者H无症状，PCR连续检测阴性，无症状，提前出院。7例患者中，1例（B）加重死亡，其他患者经过积极救治，病情均得到有效控制。除了出院病例外，有5例COVID-19特异IgM抗体检测阳性，1例... | zh-cn |
pair_32388948 | A total of 245 cases of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province reported in the China information system for disease control and prevention as of February 24, 2020 were selected as the research objects, the cases are divided into imported cases (116 cases, 47.3%) and local cases (129 cases, 52.7%), their basic characteristics, ti... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 选取截至2020年2月24日中国疾病预防控制信息系统中上报的所有陕西省新型冠状病毒肺炎病例为研究对象，共245例，将其分为输入型（116例，47.3%）和本地型（129例，52.7%）病例，分析其基本特征、时间分布、传播方式、代际间隔及潜伏期传播等。本地型病例的年龄（51.74±15.67）岁，以及女性（69例，53.5%）、家务待业及离退人员（40例，31.0%）、发病时隔离患者（50例，38.8%）比例均高于输入型病例［分别为（40.66±15.41）岁、（45例，38.8%）、（21例，18.1%）、（17例，14.6%）］（<i>P</i>值均<0.05）；密切接触者感染率0.8%（31/3 666）低于输入型病例2.0%（... | zh-cn |
pair_32388949 | Newborn death accounts for half of under 5 child death in China. Decreasing neonatal mortality and improving health status of children at early stage of life have great significance on public health. This is also a solution to accomplish the goal of 'ending preventable newborn deaths' of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 我国新生儿死亡占5岁以下儿童死亡的半数。降低新生儿死亡率、改善儿童生命早期的健康状况，对提升国民健康水平、实现2030全球可持续发展议程中'终结可预防新生儿死亡'的目标具有重要意义。世界卫生组织认为，许多导致新生儿死亡和疾病的原因都是可以通过操作简单的适宜技术进行预防和避免的'新生儿早期基本保健'的核心技术包括出生后母婴持续皮肤接触、延迟断脐、母乳喂养、早产儿袋鼠式护理、新生儿复苏、感染的识别与处理等。这些具有循证依据的优先干预措施可以提升新生儿保健服务的内涵和服务质量，势必将在全国推广实施。未来需要开展更多应用性研究，探索解决实施'新生儿早期基本保健'技术过程中面临的困难和挑战。. | zh-cn |
pair_32388959 | A survey was conducted on the application status of 'Internet plus' technology in maternal and child health management in 31 provincial maternal and child health care institutions through the national comprehensive information platform for maternal and child health. 19 provincial institutions had realized one or more m... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 通过国家妇幼卫生综合信息平台对30个省份的31所省级妇幼保健机构'互联网+'技术在辖区妇幼卫生管理中的应用现状进行问卷调查。19个省级机构通过区域卫生信息平台实现了一种以上辖区妇幼卫生管理和服务功能，占61%。省级妇幼保健机构通过区域卫生信息平台实现的13种辖区管理功能中，排在前4位的是孕产妇系统管理（39%）、高危孕产妇管理（29%）、高危新生儿管理（26%）和儿童系统管理（26%），东部地区好于中西部地区。15个省级建立了辖区妇幼卫生信息平台。52%的省级妇幼保健机构开展了远程医疗服务，以远程会诊为主。远程医疗服务的合作机构以下级医疗保健机构为主（39%）。. | zh-cn |
pair_32388960 | The evaluation of female fertility at first diagnosis is an important premise and basis for determining the treatment scheme of assisted reproduction. In this study, a survey was conducted among 13 assisted reproductive institutions in China to understand the evaluation indicators and detection methods of female fertil... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 首诊女性生育力评价是确定辅助生殖治疗方案的重要前提和基础，本研究对中国13家辅助生殖机构进行问卷调查，了解各机构首诊女性生育力评价指标及检测方法，为合理选用指标提供依据。调查显示辅助生殖机构首诊女性生育力评价指标包括一般健康指标、卵巢储备指标和子宫情况等，指标选择一致性较高，但检测方法差异较大，建议选择检测真实性更好，创伤性更小的检测方法。. | zh-cn |
pair_32388961 | Descriptive epidemiological methods were adopted to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Hubei Province from 2009 to 2018. During this study, the epidemiological data was obtained from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The results showed that there were... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 采用描述性流行病学方法分析中国疾病预防控制信息系统中湖北省2009—2018年猩红热流行病学特征。2009—2018年湖北省猩红热报告病例数共计7 329例，呈上升趋势，年平均发病率1.25/10万，2018年达到最高峰，发病数为1 758例，发病率为2.98/10万，占10年总发病数的24.0%；男女发病例数分别为4 473和2 856例，发病率均呈上升趋势；0～60岁均有发病，以<15岁人群为主（98.4%，7 214例）；冬春季为发病高峰；各地市州均有发病，其中，武汉市（2 105例）、宜昌市（1 390例）、荆州市（954例）和恩施州（1 090例）报告病例数较多。因此，需要警惕猩红热的暴发，并且需要加强<15岁年龄组人群的... | zh-cn |
pair_32388962 | Data of physical measurement of children aged 7-17 years old in China was from National Nutrition and Health Survey in 1982, 1992, 2002 and 2010-2012. From 1982 to 2012, the height and weight of children aged 7-17 years old continued to increase. The height of urban boys, urban girls, rural boys and rural girls ranged ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 根据1982、1992、2002和2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况调查7~17岁儿童的体格测量数据，1982—2012年7~17岁儿童身高和体重持续增长。城市男生、城市女生、农村男生、农村女生的身高分别为118.8~171.1、117.8~159.9、113.3~168.2、111.7~158.1 cm，体重分别为21.3~61.4、20.2~53.1、19.4~57.9、19.0~51.5 kg；城市儿童的身高和体重高于农村，除青春期外，男生的身高和体重均高于女生。与1982年相比，2012年城市男生、城市女生、农村男生、农村女生的身高平均增幅分别为8.8、6.2、12.9、10.8 cm，体重平均增幅分别为9.9、6.... | zh-cn |
pair_32388963 | As a way of female fertility preservation, oocyte cryopreservation technology(OCT) has attracted more attention from the society. The health technology assessment (HTA) research progresses on OCT are important evidence basis for OCT clinical application promotion. Literatures on the maternal and offspring safety, effic... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 卵母细胞冷冻技术作为女性生育力保存的一种方式，越来越受到社会的关注。卵母细胞冷冻技术评估研究进展是推进卵母细胞冷冻技术临床应用的重要科学依据。本文通过文献回顾，从卫生技术评估的视角，围绕卵母细胞冷冻技术母体安全性、子代安全性，技术有效性以及社会伦理性等方面的评估研究进展进行了阐述。基于现有研究证据证实了卵母细胞冷冻技术的近期安全性和有效性，然而远期的母体和子代安全性仍然需要长期的随访观察数据证实。关于人类辅助生殖技术的社会伦理学评估方法的研究尚处于探索阶段，需要建立关于卵母细胞冷冻技术在内的人类辅助生殖技术社会伦理学评估方法和体系。. | zh-cn |
pair_32388964 | Early life adversity is a risk factor for many diseases, but the related mechanism is not clear. Some research clues suggest that early life adversity is related to biological aging, and at present, the more recognized biological aging index is telomere length. Therefore, exploring the relationship between early life a... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 早期成长逆境是多种疾病的危险因素，但相关机制尚未明确。有研究线索提示早期成长逆境与生物学老化相关，而目前较为公认的生物学老化指标是端粒长度，故探究早期逆境与端粒长度的关联对揭示逆境的相关作用机制具有重要意义。本文通过对既往文献进行综述，探讨不同逆境类型、暴露时间及研究设计对早期逆境与端粒长度关联的可能影响，为早期成长逆境的干预提供一定依据。. | zh-cn |
pair_32388965 | As an important method to study the phenotype and function of organisms, transcriptome has become one of hot topics in current research. The transcriptomics research usually accompanies with massive data. With the increase of the amount of data, the rules and features hidden in it are not easy to be found. Transforming... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 转录组学作为生物表型和功能研究的重要手段，已经成为目前的热点之一。转录组学研究伴随着海量数据的产生，数据量的增加使得隐藏在其中的规律和特征不易被发现，将大数据转换为可视化图形无疑是展示数据中隐藏信息的最直观的方法。本文将对转录组学研究中韦恩图、热图、火山图、主成分分析散点图、富集分析图、时间序列分析图等常用图形进行介绍解读，以帮助读者在研究中合理运用。. | zh-cn |
pair_32390253 | Approaches to assess the impacts of landscape disturbance scenarios on species range from metrics based on patterns of occurrence or habitat to comprehensive models that explicitly include ecological processes. The choice of metrics and models affects how impacts are interpreted and conservation decisions. We explored ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 评估景观干扰情景对物种影响的方法包括基于物种出现格局或栖息地格局的指标和纳入生态过程的综合模型等。对指标和模型的选择会影响对物种所受影响的解读和保护决策。本研究探索了三种真实干扰情景对四种不同生态学特征和类群的物种的影响。我们使用了逐渐复杂化的模型和指标评估了干扰情景对物种的相对影响和影响等级。本研究涉及的模型包括依赖于环境因素和物种出现的隐式假设的物种分布模型, 以及明确包含生态过程和随机性的高度参数化的空间显式种群模型。当影响的变化是由栖息地数量驱动时, 各种指标对不同情景的影响严重程度排序的结果一致。然而, 当扩散动态对集合种群续存有重要影响时, 不同指标的排序结果不同。使用明确考虑了扩散过程的模型可以更好地描述干扰情景对扩散... | zh-cn |
pair_32390253 | Approaches to assess the impacts of landscape disturbance scenarios on species range from metrics based on patterns of occurrence or habitat to comprehensive models that explicitly include ecological processes. The choice of metrics and models affects how impacts are interpreted and conservation decisions. We explored ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Medición de los Impactos sobre las Especies con Modelos y Medidas de Complejidad Ecológica y Computacional Variante Resumen Las estrategias para evaluar el impacto de los escenarios de perturbación de paisaje sobre la distribución de las especies van desde las medidas basadas en patrones de presencia o hábitat hasta lo... | es |
pair_32390269 | The key to the conservation of harvested species is the maintenance of reproductive success. Yet for many marine species large, old, individuals are targeted despite their disproportionate contribution to reproduction. We hypothesized that a combination of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) and harvest slot limits (... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 保护被捕捞物种的关键是保障其成功繁殖。然而, 对于许多海洋物种来说, 体型大的老龄个体尽管对繁殖贡献的比例更大, 但仍是捕捞的目标。我们假设, 将禁止捕捞的海洋保护区和捕捞箱限制 (最大和最小尺寸限制) 相结合, 可以在捕捞量较大的情况下保护产卵的大型物种。我们用加勒比海的眼斑龙虾 (Panulirus argus) 两种性别、有年龄结构的复合种群模型检验了这一方法。眼斑龙虾在加勒比海地区被广泛捕捞, 许多地点已不存在大型成熟个体。结果显示, 结合禁止捕捞的海洋保护区和捕捞箱限制, 即使在高捕捞压力下也能重建和维持成熟个体数量。最保守的模型 (30% 海洋保护区和75-105毫米的捕捞箱限制) 相比于继续维持现状, 在30年后产卵雌... | zh-cn |
pair_32390269 | The key to the conservation of harvested species is the maintenance of reproductive success. Yet for many marine species large, old, individuals are targeted despite their disproportionate contribution to reproduction. We hypothesized that a combination of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) and harvest slot limits (... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Conservación de Stocks Reproductivos por medio de Límites de Espacios de Producción y Áreas Protegidas de Cero Captura Resumen La clave para la conservación de las especies en criaderos es la manutención del éxito reproductivo. Aún así, para muchas especies marinas los individuos grandes y viejos son seleccionados a pe... | es |
pair_32391608 | Migratory animals are declining worldwide and coordinated conservation efforts are needed to reverse current trends. We devised a novel genoscape-network model that combines genetic analyses with species distribution modeling and demographic data to overcome challenges with conceptualizing alternative risk factors in m... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 世界范围内迁徙动物的数量正在减少, 需要采取协调一致的保护措施来扭转目前的趋势。我们设计了一种新的遗传谱网络模型, 通过整合遗传分析与物种分布模型和种群统计数据, 来应对确定迁移物种在完整年周期中面临风险因素的挑战。我们将这一方法应用于一种长距离迁徙的新热带候鸟--黑头威森莺 (Cardellina pusilla)。尽管缺乏部分越冬地点数据, 我们仍展示了如何利用这些结果来确定优先保护的繁殖地和越冬地。例如, 当同时考虑遗传、种群统计和网络模型结果时, 可以明显发现, 针对不同的保护目标--保护独特的遗传谱系或确保单位面积内得到保护的鸟类数量最大化, 所得出的保护建议也不同。具体来说, 如果以保护遗传谱系为目标, 那么有限的资源应... | zh-cn |
pair_32391608 | Migratory animals are declining worldwide and coordinated conservation efforts are needed to reverse current trends. We devised a novel genoscape-network model that combines genetic analyses with species distribution modeling and demographic data to overcome challenges with conceptualizing alternative risk factors in m... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | Un Modelo de Redes de Panorama Poblacional para la Priorización de la Conservación de un Ave Migratoria Resumen Los animales migratorios están pasando por una declinación mundial y se requieren esfuerzos coordinados de conservación para revertir las tendencias actuales. Diseñamos un modelo novedoso de redes de panorama... | es |
pair_32392969 | Dental erosion is a progressive loss and damage of tooth hard tissues caused by contacting acidic substances. It is an occupational disease for workers who make acidic products such as acids, vinegar, etc. In the past decades, a rising of prevalence rate of dental erosion, especially in the youth groups, along with the... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 酸蚀症是牙齿长期受到酸的侵蚀造成的牙体硬组织进行性损害，也是制酸、制醋等从业者的一种职业病。随着饮食习惯的改变，食用甜类、酸类食物增加，酸蚀症呈逐年上升趋势，尤其是儿童及青少年群体。本文从酸蚀症的流行情况、病因和临床防治等方面进行阐述，以期为酸蚀症的早诊断、早治疗提供指导，为职业病防护策略提供支持。. | zh-cn |
pair_32392970 | Dental fluorosis is the most common and prominent symptom in the early stage of chronic fluorosis, which is caused by excessive fluorine intake during tooth development. In severe cases, it may be accompanied by skeletal fluorosis. There are also systemic damages to the nervous system, cardiovascular system, endocrine ... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 氟牙症是在牙发育形成期间，由于机体摄氟过多导致牙釉质发育缺陷而引起的牙体硬组织改变，是慢性氟中毒早期最常见且突出的症状，严重者可同时伴有氟骨症，并引起心血管、中枢神经和内分泌等多系统损伤。氟牙症涉及的发病机制尚未完全明确，可能是基因与环境共同作用的复杂病理过程。鉴于氟牙症的发病率在全球呈上升趋势，本文重点对氟牙症的流行情况、病因研究进展、诊断与评分体系以及公共防治策略进行阐述，为氟牙症的研究与公共卫生策略制定提供参考。. | zh-cn |
pair_32392971 | Dens invaginatus (DI) is a developmental dental anomaly with complicated anatomical features and a broad spectrum of morphologic variations posing challenges of diagnosis and treatment to dental clinicians. Cone-beam CT (CBCT) can provide a more detailed 3D view of the complex anatomical variations in DI and help denta... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 牙内陷病变部位隐蔽、解剖结构复杂多变，给诊断和治疗带来困难。锥形束CT可以了解牙内陷复杂的三维结构，有助于明确分类，提高诊断准确性；根据牙内陷的类型、牙髓感染及牙周破坏程度、根尖孔是否闭合选择不同的治疗方案；新技术和新材料的应用有望提高牙内陷治疗的成功率。本文从牙内陷的病因到临床疗效等方面进行系统的文献回顾和分析，以期为牙内陷的临床诊断和治疗提供指导。. | zh-cn |
pair_32392972 | Traumatic dental injury (TDI), one of the common dental diseases, is defined as acute injuries to tooth hard tissues, dental pulp and/or periodontal tissues caused by sudden forces. Based on the Guidelines for the Management of TDI by International Association of Dental Traumatology (2012) and the Recommended Guideline... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 牙外伤是一种常见的口腔疾病，是指在突然的外力作用下，牙体硬组织、牙髓和（或）牙周组织发生急性损伤的一类疾病。本文以国际牙外伤协会恒牙牙外伤诊疗指南（2012年版）和美国牙髓病医师协会牙外伤诊疗指南（2013年版）为指导，结合临床实际，就口腔医师应掌握的牙外伤诊治指南及进展进行阐述，包括正确诊断、合理的治疗计划、规范的治疗并定期随访，更好地提高临床疗效。. | zh-cn |
pair_32392973 | Developmental disorders of dental hard tissues are important components of non-carious diseases, which mainly include amelogenesis imperfecta and hereditary dentin disorders with various subtypes. In the absence of effective intervention, these disorders would lead to tooth sensitivity, defects of tooth structure or ev... | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_zh-cn | train | text | 牙体硬组织发育异常是非龋性疾病的重要内容，主要包括釉质发育不全和牙本质发育异常。这些疾病如果得不到及时有效的干预和治疗，往往会造成牙体组织敏感、缺损，甚至牙缺失，影响咀嚼功能和面部美观。目前很多口腔医师对此类疾病认识不足，亟需全面关注和重视此类疾病和患病人群。本文在总结目前研究进展的基础上，重点对此类疾病的临床分类、疾病表型及突变基因和致病机制等进行阐述和分析，以期为广大口腔医师和患病人群提供帮助。. | zh-cn |
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