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pair_29790325 | To assess pathological gambling and Internet addiction among nursing students. A monocentric, observational study was carried out from November 2013 to January 2014 at an Italian Nursing Degree Course using the Italian version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) to assess the risk to develop gambling, and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) to assess the risk to develop Internet addiction. A total of 420 nursing students were enrolled. Two hundred eighty-three students (67.4%) participated; 11.3 % of participants were identified as ''at-risk'' of pathological gambling (SOGS scores of 1 to 4), whereas the 0.7 % of students were identified as probable pathological gamblers (SOGS scores ≥5). The prevalence of Internet addiction in the sample was 8.8% (IAT scores ≥50). Also, findings showed that students with Internet addiction had a higher risk of developing pathological gambling (B = 0,16; p = 0.005). The prevalence of pathological gambling and Internet addiction in our sample is relatively small. However, the percentage of students who could be at-risk for gambling and Internet addiction related problems is noteworthy. Further multicenter studies are needed to better understand the association between gambling and Internet addiction among nursing students. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | SCOPO. Analizzare il fenomeno del gioco d’azzardo patologico e della dipendenza da Internet negli studenti infermieri. METODI. Lo studio, osservazionale monocentrico, è stato condotto presso un corso di laurea in Infermieristica del centro Italia utilizzando la versione italiana del South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) per valutare il rischio di sviluppare gioco d’azzardo e la Internet Addiction Test (IAT) per il rischio di sviluppare dipendenza da Internet. In totale, sono stati reclutati 420 studenti infermieri. RISULTATI. Hanno partecipato 283 studenti (67.4%). L’11.3 % dei partecipanti è stato identificato come “a rischio” di sviluppare gioco d’azzardo patologico (punteggi SOGS 1- 4), mentre lo 0.7 % degli studenti è stato identificato come probabile giocatore d’azzardo (punteggi SOGS≥5). La prevalenza di dipendenza da Internet nel campione è stata dell’8.8% (punteggio IAT≥50). Inoltre, i risultati hanno evidenziato che un utilizzo pato- logico di Internet è associato ad un più alto rischio di sviluppare gioco d’azzardo patolo- gico (B=0.16; p=0.005). CONCLUSIONI. La prevalenza di gioco d’azzardo e dipendenza da Internet è relativamente bassa nel campione di studio. Tuttavia, la percentuale di studenti che potrebbero essere a rischio di sviluppare problemi correlati alle dipendenze da gioco d’azzardo e Internet è degna di nota. Sono necessari ulteriori studi multicentrici per comprendere meglio l’asso- ciazione tra dipendenza da Internet e gioco d’azzardo patologico tra gli studenti infermieri. | it |
pair_29790326 | Elderly Quality of life (QoL) is vulnerable because of the decline in physical and mental capacity, discharge from work, rupture of the family and isolation. Many QoL Scales are made for adults: there is little research investigating how older people perceive QOL. This study aims to explore and understand the perceptions that older people have about their QOL. A qualitative research hermeneutics-phenomenological was done. Narratives were analyzed by mixed method phenomenological-grounded (Mortari, 2007). 16 elderly were interviewed (aged between 80 and 93 years), residents in their home. The analysis of the interviews confirm that QoL is a multidimensional concept that encompasses several components of life. There were 7 shared themes, reflecting the experience of well-being in older people living at home. The dimensions are: living relationships that drive away loneliness, fill the time with activities that follow their own interests, accept themselves as elderly person, choose how and where to live, think about death. The results of the study show that older people perceive QOL as made of multiple components and variables. Elderly are focused on the remaining capacities, on the acceptance of the positive aspects of their lives rather than on what they can no longer do. This study help to identify some social and health strategies to guarantee the best way to live the last part of life. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | INTRODUZIONE. La qualità di vita (QoL) degli anziani è vulnerabile a causa del declino delle capacità fisiche e mentali, dell’uscita dal lavoro, della frantumazione della famiglia e dell’isola- mento. Molti strumenti che la rilevano sono costruiti per adulti: poche ricerche indagano come le persone anziane intendono la propria QOL. SCOPO. Questo studio ha l’obiettivo di esplorare e comprendere le percezioni delle persone anziane riguardo la QOL. METODO. È stata condotta una ricerca qualitativa, fenomenologico-ermeneutica. Le narra- zioni sono state analizzate attraverso il metodo fenomenologico-grounded (Mortari, 2007). RISULTATI. Sono stati intervistati 16 anziani (età compresa tra 80 e 93 anni), residenti a domicilio. L’analisi conferma che la QOL è un concetto multifattoriale e multidimensionale, che racchiude in sé diverse componenti della vita. Dalle interviste, sono emersi 7 temi condivisi e ricorrenti, che riflettono l’esperienza di benessere nelle persone anziane che vivono a domicilio. Le dimensioni emerse sono: vivere relazioni che allontanino la solitudine, occupare il tempo con attività che assecondano i propri interessi, accettarsi come persona anziana, poter scegliere come e dove vivere, riflettere sulla propria morte. CONCLUSIONI. I risultati dello studio mostrano che gli anziani percepiscono la QOL formata da più componenti e variabili. Gli anziani si focalizzano sulle capacità residue, sull’accettazione degli aspetti positivi della propria vita piuttosto che su quello che non riescono più a fare o che manca. Questo studio può aiutare ad individuare alcune strategie sociali e sanitarie da applicare per garantire agli anziani il modo migliore di vivere l’ultima parte della vita. | it |
pair_29790327 | Self-care in people with heart failure is subject of recent middle-range and short-range nursing theories and its promotion is recognized as a sensitive nursing outcome, achievable through various strategies including education. To identify educational interventions that are effective in the promotion of self-care in adults and elderly people with heart failure, evaluating educational methods and tools used and their effectiveness in the medium-long term period. We conducted a literature review, beginning with a search of secondary studies consulting Cochrane Library and than searching for the most recent primary studies in these scientific databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycINFO. The information meeting, focused on cognitive learning method, is the most frequently used and it shows a good and heterogeneous effectiveness in the promotion of self- care. The best statically significant results were obtained from the integration of this method with patients' training and counseling, relating respectively to the psycho-motor and psycho- affective learning. In support of the hetero-directed interventions were useful informational tools, self-monitoring tools and facilitating tools. The education was effective in promoting self-care until 12 months in most of the studies. The selected literature shows that is difficult to identify the best method or educational tool and that a single intervention is often not enough to promote self-care. Heal- thcare providers need to think about education as a continuous and dynamic process that includes multiple sessions and encourages the participation of the patient, turning the meeting into a discussion time where any provided is useful to answer to specific situations through activities and relationships. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Il self-care nelle persone con scompenso cardiaco è oggetto di studio di recenti teorie infermieristiche a medio e breve raggio e la sua promozione è oggi riconosciuta quale esito sensibile dell’assistenza infermieristica, realizzabile attraverso diverse strategie tra le quali l’educazione. SCOPO. Identificare gli interventi educativi che risultano efficaci nella promozione del self- care in adulti e anziani con scompenso cardiaco, valutando metodi e strumenti educativi utiliz- zati e l’efficacia a medio-lungo termine degli stessi. METODO. È stata condotta una revisione della letteratura partendo da studi secondari consul- tando Cochrane Library e proseguendo con la ricerca dei più recenti studi primari anche nelle banche dati scientifiche: Pubmed, Cinhal, Scopus, PsycINFO. RISULTATI. L’incontro informativo, metodo focalizzato sull’apprendimento di tipo cognitivo, è il più utilizzato e ha mostrato una buona ed eterogenea efficacia nella promozione del self- care. I risultati staticamente migliori si sono ottenuti dall’integrazione di questo metodo con l’addestramento e il counselling afferenti rispettivamente all’area di apprendimento psico-motoria e psico-affettiva. A supporto degli interventi etero-diretti risultano utili strumenti di tipo informativo, di automonitoraggio e facilitanti. L’educazione risulta efficace nella promo- zione del self-care fino a 12 mesi. CONCLUSIONI. Dalla letteratura selezionata si evince che non esiste un metodo o uno strumento educativo migliore, inoltre un singolo intervento non è sufficiente a promuovere il self- care. È necessario pensare all’educazione come a un processo continuo e dinamico che preveda sessioni multiple che stimolino la partecipazione dell’assistito, trasformando l’incontro in tempo di discussione in cui ogni informazione fornita sia utile a rispondere a situazioni speci- fiche, vissute, in attività e relazione. | it |
pair_29790328 | Knowledge of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is important for the disease self-management. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge in Italian patients with COPD and their caregivers and to determine factors influencing their knowledge. We used a descriptive-correlational design. Knowledge was assessed with the Bristol COPD knowledge questionnaire (BCKQ) that was translated in Italian through the forward-backward translation method. BCKQ was administered to a convenience sample of 142 patients with COPD and 51 caregivers. The mean age for patients and caregivers was respectively 77 years (range 45-93) and 62 years (range 28-85). Patients were mostly men, had a low education level and 30% had severe or very severe COPD, while caregivers were mostly female and with higher education level. The patients answered correctly to 48% of the BCKQ whereas caregivers to 59%. In patient-caregiver dyads, a good level of agreement on the knowledge was found in 35 items out of 65. In patients, the knowledge was not correlated with age, gender, education, years or severity of disease whereas in caregivers it was fairly correlated with the education level. Our study showed that patients and caregivers possess limited knowledge of COPD, especially on chest infections, and exacerbations. Factors that limit or promote the acquisition of knowledge in people with COPD and their caregivers should be investigated. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | INTRODUZIONE. Le conoscenze sulla bronchite cronica ostruttiva (BPCO) sono importanti per la gestione della malattia. OBIETTIVO. Lo studio ha avuto l’obiettivo di misurare il livello delle conoscenze sulla BPCO tra i pazienti e i loro famigliari e individuare i fattori che hanno influenzato tali conoscenze. E’ stato effettuato uno studio descrittivo-correlazionale. Le conoscenze sono state misurate attraverso il Bristol COPD knowledge questionnaire (BCKQ) che è stato tradotto e validato in lingua italiana seguendo il metodo forward-backward translation. Il questionario, che indaga 13 aree di conoscenze, è stato somministrato ad un campione di convenienza di 142 pazienti e 51 caregiver reclutati presso una struttura sanitaria italiana. RISULTATI. L’età media dei pazienti e dei caregiver era rispettivamente di 77 anni (range 45– 93) e 62 anni (range 28–85). La maggior parte dei pazienti era di sesso maschile, con un basso livello di scolarità e il 30% soffriva di stadio severo o molto severo di BPCO. I caregiver, invece, erano per la maggior parte donne con un livello di istruzione più alto dei pazienti. I pazienti hanno risposto correttamente al 48% delle domande del BCKQ, mentre i caregiver hanno risposto al 59%. Nelle 51 diadi patiente-caregiver, è stato individuato un buon livello di concordanza per 35 domande su 65 del questionario. Nella popolazione dei pazienti, il livello di conoscenze non è risultato correlato a età, scolarità, genere, severità e durata della malattia, mentre nei caregiver si è riscontrata una correlazione tra il livello di conoscenze e la scolarità. CONCLUSIONI. Lo studio ha dimostrato che il livello di conoscenze sulla BPCO dei pazienti e dei loro caregiver è scarso, soprattutto per quanto riguarda le infezioni e le riacutizzazioni. Non sono ancora chiari quali siano i fattori che limitano o promuovono l’acquisizione delle conoscenze tra i pazienti con BPCO e i loro caregiver, per cui ulteriori studi in questo campo sono necessari. | it |
pair_26191097 | Improvements in the care of kidney transplant recipients and advances in immunosuppressive therapy have reduced the incidence of graft rejection. As a result, other types of kidney transplant complications, such as surgical, urologic, parenchymal, and vascular complications, have become more common. Although vascular complications account for only 5-10 % of all post-transplant complications, they are a frequent cause of graft loss. Ultrasonography, both in B-mode and with Doppler ultrasound, is a fundamental tool in the differential diagnosis of renal allograft dysfunction. Doppler ultrasound is highly specific in cases of transplanted renal artery stenosis, pseudoaneurysms, arteriovenous fistulas, and thrombosis with complete or partial artery or vein occlusion. A single measurements of color Doppler indexes display high diagnostic accuracy and in particular cases are more useful during the post-transplantation follow-up period. More recent techniques, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound, undoubtedly increase the accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of vascular complications involving the transplanted kidney. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La progressiva riduzione dell’incidenza del rigetto ha reso più frequenti le complicanze urologiche, chirurgiche, parenchimali e vascolari. Queste ultime, pur rappresentando soltanto il 5–10 % di tutte le complicanze post-trapianto, sono frequente causa di perdita del graft. L’esame ultrasonografico, sia in B-mode che con l’ausilio del color Doppler, è fondamentale nella diagnosi differenziale delle cause che possono innescare una disfunzione del graft. Sebbene sia ormai indiscussa la sua utilità nella diagnosi di complicanze parenchimali, chirurgiche e urologiche, non è ancora consolidato il suo ruolo in caso di complicanze a carico dell’asse vascolare renale. L’ecocolor-Doppler, in particolare, possiede una specificità tale da poter essere considerato uno strumento diagnostico nella maggior parte delle complicanze vascolari del rene trapiantato, sia acute (occlusione parziale o totale dei vasi renali) che croniche (stenosi dell’arteria renale, pseudo aneurisma e fistola artero-venosa) Gli indici color-Doppler possiedono, infatti, una alta accuratezza diagnostica nella loro singola determinazione, risultando in casi particolari più utili nel follow-up. L’utilizzo di tecniche più moderne, come il mezzo di contrasto ecografico, consente indubbiamente di aumentare l’accuratezza diagnostica dell’esame ultrasonografico nel caso delle complicanze vascolari del rene trapiantato. | it |
pair_26191098 | Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice in end-stage renal disease, given the better quality of life of transplanted patients when compared with patients on maintenance dialysis. In spite of surgical improvements and new immunosuppressive regimens, parts of transplanted grafts still develop chronic dysfunction. Ultrasonography, both in B-mode and with Doppler ultrasound, is an important diagnostic tool in case of clinical conditions which might impair kidney function. Even though ultrasonography is considered fundamental in the diagnosis of vascular and surgical complications of the transplanted kidney, its role is not fully understood in case of parenchymal complications of the graft. The specificity of Doppler is low both in case of acute complications, such as acute tubular necrosis, drugs toxicity and acute rejection, and in case of chronic conditions, such as chronic allograft nephropathy. Single determinations of resistance indices present low diagnostic accuracy, which is higher in case of successive measurements performed during the follow-up of the graft. Modern techniques such as tissue pulsatility index, maximal fractional area and contrast-enhanced ultrasound increase ultrasonography diagnostic power in case of parenchymal complications of the transplanted kidney. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Il trapianto di rene è il trattamento di scelta nella malattia renale allo stadio terminale, data la migliore qualità di vita dei pazienti trapiantati rispetto a quelli che continuano il trattamento dialitico. Nonostante i miglioramenti chirurgici e nuovi regimi immunosoppressivi, parte dei pazienti trapiantati sviluppano ancora disfunzioni croniche. L’ecografia, sia in B-mode che Doppler, è un importante strumento diagnostico in caso di condizioni cliniche che possono alterare la funzione renale. Anche se l’ecografia è considerata fondamentale nella diagnosi di complicanze chirurgiche e vascolari del rene trapiantato, il suo ruolo non è pienamente conosciuto in caso di complicanze parenchimali. La specificità del Doppler è bassa, sia in caso complicanze acute, quali la necrosi tubulare acuta, la tossicità acuta da farmaci, il rigetto, sia in caso di complicanze croniche, come la nefropatia cronica del trapianto. Singole determinazioni di indici di resistenza presentano bassa accuratezza diagnostica, che è più elevata in caso di misure effettuate successivamente durante il follow-up del trapianto. Tecniche moderne, come l’indice di pulsatilità tissutale, massima frazione di zona ed ecografia con mdc aumentano le potenzialità diagnostiche dell’ecografia in caso di complicanze parenchimali del rene trapiantato. | it |
pair_26191100 | Cardiac output (CO) measurement in the intensive care unit (ICU) requires invasive devices such as the pulmonary artery (PA) catheter or arterial waveform pulse contour analysis (PCA). This study tests the accuracy and feasibility of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) of the common carotid artery to estimate the CO non-invasively and compare it to existing invasive CO measurement modalities. Patients admitted to the surgical and cardiothoracic ICU in a tertiary university-affiliated academic center during a 4-month period, with invasive hemodynamic monitoring devices for management, were included in this cohort study. Common carotid artery POCUS was performed to measure the CO and the results were compared to an invasive device. Intensivists and ICU fellows, using ultrasound of the common carotid artery, obtained the CO measurements. Images of the Doppler flow and volume were obtained at the level of the thyroid gland. Concurrent CO measured via invasive devices was recorded. The patient cohort comprised 36 patients; 52 % were females. The average age was 59 ± 13 years, and 66 % were monitored via PCA device and 33 % via PA catheter. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis demonstrated almost perfect correlation (0.8152) between measurements of CO via ultrasound vs. invasive modalities. The ICC between POCUS and the invasive measurement via PCA was 0.84 and via PA catheter 0.74, showing substantial agreement between the ultrasound and both invasive modalities. Common carotid artery POCUS offers a non-invasive method of measuring the CO in the critically ill population. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La misurazione della gittata cardiaca (CO) in Unità di Terapia Intensiva (ICU) richiede dispositivi invasivi come il cateterismo dell’arteria polmonare (PA) o l’analisi dell’onda dell’impulso arterioso (PCA). Questo studio si propone di valutare l’accuratezza e la fattibilità dell’ecografia (POCUS) della carotide comune per stimare la CO in modo non invasivo e confrontarla con le modalità esistenti di misurazione della CO effettuate in maniera invasiva. I pazienti ricoverati in terapia intensiva chirurgica e cardiotoracica in un centro accademico, affiliato con l’università, nel corso di un periodo di quattro mesi, sottoposti a dispositivi di monitoraggio emodinamico invasivo sono stati inclusi in questo studio. E’ stata eseguita l’ecografia dell’arteria carotide comune per misurare la CO ed i risultati sono stati confrontati con una tecnica invasiva. Medici di terapia intensiva e borsisti, utilizzando l’ecografia della carotide comune, hanno ottenuto le misurazioni della CO. Immagini del flusso Doppler e di volume sono state ottenute a livello della ghiandola tiroidea. Contemporaneamente è è stata registrata la CO mediante dispositivi invasivi. Il gruppo era costituito da 36 pazienti; Il 52 % erano femmine. L’età media era di 59 ± 13 anni, e il 66 % sono stati monitorati tramite dispositivo PCA e il 33 % tramite catetere PA. L’analisi del coefficiente di correlazione (ICC) ha dimostrato la correlazione quasi perfetta (0,8152) tra le misurazioni della CO con gli ultrasuoni e quelle con modalità invasive. Il ICC tra POCUS e la misurazione invasiva tramite PCA era 0,84 e catetere della PA era 0,74 mostrando sostanziale accordo tra l’ecografia e entrambe le modalità invasive. La POCUS dell’arteria carotide comune offre un metodo non invasivo per misurare la CO nel paziente critico. | it |
pair_26191099 | Despite advances in urologic imaging, the paucity of an optimal technique that accurately clarifies obstructive and nonobstructive hydroureter exists. This study was conducted to introduce a novel and modified ultrasonographic technique, known as drainage-related ultrasonography (DRUS), discriminating obstructive and nonobstructive, nonrefluxing hydroureter. A total of 358 children (mean age, 3.7 years) with 418 nonrefluxing hydroureter were included. These children were composed of two groups of obstructive nonrefluxing (141 children with 157 dilated ureters) and nonobstructive, nonrefluxing (217 children with 261 hydroureter). The definite diagnosis regarding the subtype of hydroureter was derived from appropriate investigation. The maximum diameter of the dilated ureter, which was observed on ultrasonography, was recorded before and after 3 h of catheterization, as D1 and D2, respectively. To assess the D ratio, a formula was developed, that is, [(|D1 - D2|)/D1] × 100. Values were recorded and cutoff points were set to discriminate between subtypes. Obstructive versus nonobstructive subtypes of nonrefluxing hydroureter were clarified with 78.5 % sensitivity and 83.4 % specificity, by setting a cutoff point of 22 % for the D ratio. Regardless of the cutoff point assigned to the reduction in D (D2 compared with D1), DRUS revealed 93.9 % sensitivity, 80.6 % specificity, 63.2 % positive predictive value, and 97.4 % negative predictive value in discriminating upper from lower obstruction. DRUS affords favorable results in terms of differentiating between obstructive and nonobstructive, nonrefluxing hydroureter, as well as between upper and lower obstruction in obstructive cases. It has the potential to become an efficient imaging modality in the diagnostic algorithm of hydroureter. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Nonostante i progressi nella diagnostica per immagini urologica, vi è la mancanza di una tecnica ottimale che definisca con precisione l’idrouretere ostruttivo e non-ostruttivo. Questo studio è stato condotto per introdurre una nuova e modificata tecnica ecografica (US), conosciuta come drenaggio correlato all’ecografia (DRUS), per discriminare l’idrourete ostruttivo da quello non-ostruttivo. Un totale di 358 bambini (età media: 3,7 anni) con 418 idroureteri senza reflussi sono stati inclusi nello studio. Questi bambini sono stati divisi in due gruppi, con forme ostruttive, senza reflusso (141 bambini con 157 ureteri dilatati) e con forme non-ostruttive, senza reflusso (217 bambini con 261 idroureteri). La diagnosi definitiva riguardo il sottotipo di idrouretere è stata fatta con indagini appropriate. Il diametro massimo dell’uretere dilatato misurato con ecografia, è stato registrato prima e tre ore dopo la cateterizzazione, rispettivamente come <i>D</i>1 e <i>D</i>2. Per valutare il rapporto D, è stata sviluppata una formula [(|<i>D</i>1 − <i>D</i>2|)/<i>D</i>1] × 100. I valori sono stati registrati e sono stati fissati punti di cut-off per discriminare tra i sottotipi. Le forme ostruttive vs non-ostruttive di idrouretere, senza reflussi, presentavano il 78,5 % di sensibilità e il 83,4 % di specificità, con punto di cut-off del 22 % per il rapporto D. Indipendentemente dal punto di cut-off assegnata al rapporto <i>D</i> (<i>D</i>2 rispetto a <i>D</i>1), il DRUS ha rivelato 93,9 % di sensibilità, 80.6 % di specificità, 63.2 % e 97.4 % PPV NPV nel differenziare ostruzioni alte da quelle basse. Il DRUS comporta risultati favorevoli nella diagnosi differenziale tra forme ostruttive e non-ostruttive senza reflusso. Ha le potenzialità per diventare una modalità di imaging efficace negli algoritmi diagnostici dell’idrouretere. | it |
pair_26191101 | Four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound scanning (3D real-time mode) can improve the orientation of the anatomy of the area of interest and navigation by controlling the needle position. The objectives of this study were to identify the optimal technique for navigation and to assess clinically the efficacy of 4D ultrasound navigation for epidural anaesthesia at lower thoracic and lumbar levels. Single-centre case series study was performed. Sixteen patients were included. First, conventional 2D scanning was performed, followed by 4D reconstruction, and the basic tissues with high acoustic impedance (bone structures) and available acoustic windows were determined. Movement of the needle was controlled on the sagittal plane in 2D mode and at the same time in 4D mode (3D real-time mode). To improve the visibility of the needle, the 3D reconstruction was rotated during manipulation. The 4D scanning mode provided 100 % visibility of compact bone tissues and 93 % visibility of the posterior complex. Needle visualisation strongly depended on the rotation of the reconstructed image with the sensor remaining motionless. The needle was redirected in one patient (7 %) because it was in contact with the vertebral lamina. Dilation of the epidural space during saline injection was observed in five patients (36 %). A change in the puncture level was not required any patients; no complications associated with epidural puncture were observed. Ultrasound navigation in 4D could improve epidural anaesthesia due to the enhanced spatial orientation of the operator. The technique of 'position contrast' should be used for reliable needle visualisation. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L’ecografia in quattro dimensioni (4D) (modalità 3D in tempo reale) può migliorare l’orientamento anatomico nella zona d’interesse e la navigazione, controllando la posizione dell’ago. Gli obiettivi di questo studio sono stati di identificare la tecnica ottimale per la navigazione e valutare l’efficacia clinica della navigazione ecografica 4D per l’anestesia epidurale a livello toracico e lombare inferiore. Sono stati studiati una serie di casi di un singolo centro. Sedici pazienti sono stati inclusi nello studio. Inizialmente, è stato eseguito un esame convenzionale 2D, seguito da ricostruzione 4D e sono stati individuati tessuti con alta impedenza acustica di base (strutture ossee) e finestre acustiche disponibili. Il movimento dell’ago era controllato sul piano sagittale in modalità 2D e allo stesso tempo in modalità 4D (modalità 3D in tempo reale). Per migliorare la visibilità dell’ago, la ricostruzione 3D è stata ruotata durante la manipolazione. La modalità di scansione 4D ha permesso il 100 % di visibilità dei tessuti ossei compatti e il 93 % del complesso posteriore. La visualizzazione dell’ago dipendeva fortemente dalla rotazione delle ricostruzioni, con il sensore immobile. L’ago è stato reindirizzato in un paziente (7 %) perché era a contatto con la lamina vertebrale. La dilatazione dello spazio epidurale durante l’iniezione di soluzione salina è stata osservata in cinque pazienti (36 %). In nessun paziente è stato necessario un cambiamento nel livello della puntura; non sono state osservate complicanze associate alla puntura epidurale. La navigazione ecografia in 4D potrebbe migliorare l’anestesia epidurale per il miglioramento della risoluzione spaziale offerta all’operatore. La tecnica opera di “contrasto di posizione” deve essere utilizzato per la visualizzazione affidabile dell’ago. | it |
pair_26191102 | Sonoelastography (SE) is a new technique that can assess differences in tissue stiffness. This study investigated the performance of SE for the differentiation of supraspinatus (SSP) tendon alterations of tendinopathy compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and conventional ultrasonography (US). One hundred and eighteen consecutively registered patients with symptoms and MRI findings of SSP tendinopathy were assessed with US and SE. Coronal images of the SSP tendon were obtained using US and SE. Increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images in the coronal planes were graded according to the extent of the signal changes from ventral to dorsal. SE images were evaluated by reviewers using an experimentally proven color grading system. Using SE, 7.6 % of the SSP tendons were categorized as grade 0, 30.5 % as grade 1, 19.5 % as grade 2, and 42.4 % as grade 3. Evaluation of the interobserver reliability of the SE findings showed 'almost perfect agreement', with a weighted kappa coefficient of 0.83. By comparing the MRI findings with the SE findings, grades of MRI and SE had a positive correlation (r = 0.829, p = <0.001). Furthermore, grades of US and SE also had a positive correlation (r = 0.723, p = <0.001). SE is valuable in the detection of the intratendinous and peritendinous alterations of the SSP tendon and has excellent interobserver reliability and excellent correlation with MRI findings and conventional ultrasonography findings. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La sonoelastografia (SE) è una nuova tecnica in grado di valutare le differenze di rigidità dei tessuti. Questo studio ha valutato le capacità della SE nella differenziazione delle alterazioni tendinee da tendinopatia del sovraspinato (SSP) rispetto a risonanza magnetica (MRI) ed ecografia convenzionale (US). Centoventuno pazienti con sintomi e reperti MRI di tendinopatia del SSP sono stati valutati con US e SE. Si sono realizzate immagini coronali del tendine SSP utilizzando US e SE. Sono state valutate immagini T2-pesate, per la maggiore intensità del segnale, nei piani coronali, da ventrale a dorsale. Immagini di SE sono state valutate da revisori che utilizzavano un sistema di grading di colore sperimentale. Utilizzando la SE, 7,4 % dei tendini SSP sono stati classificati come di grado 0, 29,8 % di grado 1, 19,8 % di grado 2, e 43,0 % di grado 3. La valutazione inter-osservatori dei risultati SE ha mostrato “accordo quasi perfetto”, con un coefficiente kappa pesato di 0,83. Confrontando i risultati della risonanza magnetica con i risultati della SE, risonanza magnetica e SE hanno avuto una correlazione positiva (r = 0,849, p = < 0.001). Inoltre, anche US e SE hanno avuto una correlazione positiva (r = 0,706, p = < 0,001). La SE è valida nella rilevazione delle alterazioni intra-tendinee e peri-tendinee del tendine SSP e ha un’ottima affidabilità inter-osservatori e un’eccellente correlazione con RM e reperti di ecografia convenzionale. | it |
pair_26191104 | Because the cytotoxic potential of hydrophilic drugs like bleomycin (BLM) is restricted by its low membrane permeability, the application of low-intensity ultrasound (US) on growing tumor cells enhances intracellular delivery of BLM after intratumoral administration, thereby potentiating its cytotoxicity. In the present study, the in vivo cell membrane permeability enhancement with US (1 MHz, 2, 5, and 10 min, ISPTA = 2 W/cm(2)) is compared with the murine model of breast adenocarcinoma in BALB/c mice. Tumor induction was performed through a homograft surgery procedure. Mice were anesthetized before putting them in sonication situations. Sonications were done in an aquarium. Seven groups of the tumor-bearing mice, each consisting of eight mice, were sonicated without or after intratumoral injection of 0.1 ml BLM at different exposure times. The tumor volume was evaluated to assess the growth process by use of a digital caliper. The results show that the BLM control group has a significant difference with BLM plus 10 min US on day 2 (p < 0.05). There is a significant difference between 2- and 10-min sonication on days 8 and 10 also. The difference between the Only US group and the other groups except Sham US was significant too (p < 0.05). Significant differences were seen only between the BLM plus US groups with Sham US and Only US control groups. It has been concluded that for significant permeabilization of the cell membrane, sonication time for more than 10 min is required. Significant difference between the Only US and other groups indicates that US has a promoting effect on cell division procedure, in spite of the no-carcinogen effect of the US. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Poiché il potenziale citotossico di farmaci idrofili come la bleomicina (BLM) è limitato dalla scarsa permeabilità della membrana cellulare, l’applicazione di ultrasuoni a bassa intensità (US) sulle cellule tumorali in crescita aumenta la diffusione intracellulare di BLM, dopo somministrazione intratumorale, potenziandone così la citotossicità. Nel presente studio, il miglioramento in vivo della permeabilità delle membrane trattate con gli US (1 MHz, 2, 5, and 10 min, I<sub>SPTA</sub> = 2 W/cm<sup>2</sup>) è stato confrontato con il modello di adenocarcinoma mammario in topi BALB/c. L’ induzione del tumore è stata effettuata attraverso una procedura di chirurgia omografa. I topi sono stati anestetizzati prima di essere sottoposti ad ecografia, effettuata in acqua. Sette gruppi di topi portatori di tumore, ciascuno composto da otto topi, dopo o in assenza di iniezione intratumorale di 0.1 ml BLM, sono stati sottoposti ad ultrasuoni con diversi tempi di esposizione. Il volume di crescita del tumore è stato valutato mediante l’uso di un calibro digitale. I risultati mostrano che il gruppo di controllo BLM ha una differenza significativa con il gruppo BLM dopo 10 min US al secondo giorno (<i>p</i> < 0,05). Vi è una differenza significativa tra 2 e 10 minuti di esposizione agli ultrasuoni anche all’ottavo e decimo giorno. La differenza tra il gruppo sottoposto agli utrasuoni e gli altri gruppi è molto significativa (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Differenze significative sono state osservate solo tra i gruppi BLM sottoposti ad ultrasuoni, non sottoposti ad ultrasuoni e solo ad ultrasuoni. Si è concluso che per una significativa permeabilizzazione della membrana cellulare, questa debba essere sottoposta agli ultrasuoni per più di 10 minuti. Differenza significativa tra i soli gruppi statunitensi e di altri indica che gli Stati Uniti ha un effetto sulla promozione procedura di divisione cellulare, nonostante l’effetto no-cancerogeno degli Stati Uniti. | it |
pair_26191105 | The objective of this study was to evaluate whether scar thickness measured by transvaginal sonography and the sequential change in scar thickness from second to third trimester has any association with mode of delivery in patients with previous cesarean. Pregnant women with previous one cesarean section underwent transvaginal sonography between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation and then a repeat scan beyond 36 weeks of gestation to measure scar thickness. These scar thickness measurements were then correlated with the mode of delivery. The scar was measured at multiple sites (3-4) of the lower uterine segment and its thinnest portion was considered to be the scar. Scar thickness was thinner in those patients having cesarean delivery than those having vaginal delivery and this difference was statistically significant at both the gestational ages. Mean scar thickness at 24-28 weeks of gestation in patients who delivered vaginally is 4.8 ± 1.1 mm and in those who had repeat cesarean section is 4.4 ± 1.1 mm (p value = 0.043). Mean scar thickness beyond 36 weeks of gestation in patients who delivered vaginally is 3.3 ± 0.7 mm and in those who had repeat cesarean section is 2.9 ± 0.9 mm (p value = 0.003). The mean decrease in scar thickness was not significantly different between those who delivered vaginally (mean decrease = 1.73 ± 0.95 mm) and those who had a repeat cesarean (mean decrease = 1.91 ± 0.96 mm). Our study concluded that thicker scars are associated with better chances of successful vaginal birth after cesarean. Measurement at both late second trimester and third trimester can be done but latter has better correlation with mode of delivery. This association may be explained by the fact that thinner scars have more chances of fetal bradycardia, meconium staining of liquor and previous cesarean for feto-pelvic disproportion. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | obiettivo dello studio è valutare se lo spessore della cicatrice, misurata con ecografia transvaginale e il cambio di spessore della cicatrice dal secondo al terzo trimestre, sono correlati con la modalità del parto, in pazienti con pregresso parto cesareo. donne incinta, con pregresso parto cesareo, sono state sottoposte ad ecografia transvaginale tra la 24 a la 28 settimana di gestazione, poi ad un ulteriore esame oltre la 36 settimana di gestazione, per misurare lo spessore della cicatrice. Le misurazioni degli spessori della cicatrice sono state correlate con la modalità del parto. La cicatrice è stata misurata in più punti (3-4) della parte inferiore dell’utero e la sua parte più sottile è stata considerata come la cicatrice. lo spessore della cicatrice era più sottile nelle pazienti che avrebbero avuto un parto cesareo rispetto a quelle con parto vaginale e questa differenza era statisticamente significativa, in entrambe le età gestazionali. Lo spessore medio della cicatrice a 24 a 28 settimane di gestazione in pazienti con parto per via vaginale era 4,8 + 1,1 millimetri e in quelle con taglio cesareo 4,4 + 1,1 millimetri (valore p = 0.043). Lo spessore medio della cicatrice oltre la 36 settimane di gestazione in pazienti con parto per via vaginale era 3.3 + 0,7 millimetri e in quelle con taglio cesareo 2,9 + 0,9 millimetri (valore p = 0,003). La diminuzione di spessore media della cicatrice non era significativamente differente tra quelle con parto vaginale (decremento medio = 1,73 + 0,95 millimetri) e quelle con parto cesareo (riduzione media = 1.91 + 0,96 millimetri). Il nostro studio ha evidenziato che cicatrici più spesse, dopo un parto cesareo, sono associate a maggiori probabilità di parto vaginale. Può essere fatta una misurazione sia a fine del secondo trimestre che del terzo trimestre, ma quest’ultima ha maggiore correlazione con la modalità del paro. Questa associazione può essere spiegata con il fatto che le cicatrici più sottili sono più spesso associate a bradicardia fetale, ileo da meconio e precedente cesareo per sproporzione feto-pelvica. | it |
pair_26191103 | To assess pattern of articular disc displacement in patients with internal derangement (ID) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with ultrasound. Prospective study was conducted upon 40 TMJ of 20 patients (3 male, 17 female with mean age of 26.1 years) with ID of TMJ. They underwent high-resolution ultrasound and MR imaging of TMJ. The MR images were used as the gold standard for calculating sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) of ultrasound for diagnosis of anterior or sideway displacement of the disc. The anterior displaced disc was seen in 26 joints at MR and 22 joints at ultrasound. The diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound for anterior displacement has sensitivity of 79.3 %, specificity of 72.7 %, accuracy of 77.5 %, PPV of 88.5 %, NPV of 57.1 %, PLR of 2.9 and NLR of 0.34. The sideway displacement of disc was seen in four joints at MR and three joints at ultrasound. The diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound for sideway displacement has a sensitivity of 75 %, specificity of 63.6 %, accuracy of 66.7 %, PPV of 42.8, NPV of 87.5 %, PLR of 2.06, and NLR of 0.39. We concluded that ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging modality used for assessment of anterior and sideway displacement of the articular disc in patients with ID of TMJ. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Valutare i pattern della dislocazione del disco articolare nei pazienti con squilibrio interno (ID) dell’articolazione temporo-mandibolare (ATM) con l’ecografia. E’ stato condotto uno studio prospettico su 40 ATM di 20 pazienti (3 maschi, 17 femmine, con età media di 26,1 anni) con ID della TMJ. Tutti sono stati sottoposti ad ecografia ad alta risoluzione e RM della TMJ. La RM è stati utilizzata come il gold standard per il calcolo di sensibilità, specificità, accuratezza, valore predittivo positivo (PPV), valore predittivo negativo (NPV), rapporto di probabilità positivo (PLR) e rapporto di probabilità negativo (NLR) dell’ecografia nella la diagnosi di dislocazione anteriore o lateralmente del disco. Il disco appariva dislocato anteriormente in 26 ATM con la MR e in 22 con l’ecografia. L’efficacia diagnostica dell’ecografia nella diagnosi di dislocazione anteriore aveva sensibilità del 79,3 %, specificità del 72,7 %, accuratezza del 77,5 %, valore predittivo positivo del 88,5 %, NPV di 57,1 %, PLR di 2,9 e NLR di 0,34. Il dislocamento laterale del disco è stata osservato in 4 casi con MR e 3 con ecografia. L’efficacia diagnostica dell’ecografia per lo spostamento laterale aveva sensibilità del 75 %, specificità del 63,6 %, accuratezza del 66,7 %, PPV di 42,8, NPV di 87,5 %, PLR di 2.06 e NLR di 0,39. Abbiamo concluso che l’ecografia è una metodica di imaging non invasiva che può essere utilizzata per la valutazione delle dislocazioni anteriori e laterali del disco articolare nei pazienti con ID di TMJ. | it |
pair_26191106 | Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is a useful diagnostic tool in medicine. POCUS provides an easy and reproducible method of diagnosis where conventional radiologic studies are unavailable. Telemedicine is also a great means of communication between educators and students throughout the world. Implementing POCUS with didactics and hands-on training, using portable ultrasound devices followed by telecommunication training, will impact the differential diagnosis and patient management in a rural community outside the United States. This is an observational prospective study implementing POCUS in Las Salinas, a small village in rural western Nicaragua. Ultrasound was used to confirm a diagnosis based on clinical exam, or uncover a new, previously unknown diagnosis. The primary endpoint was a change in patient management. International sonographic instructors conducted didactic and practical training of local practitioners in POCUS, subsequently followed by remote guidance and telecommunication for 3 months. A total of 132 patients underwent ultrasound examination. The most common presentation was for a prenatal exam (23.5 %), followed by abdominal pain (17 %). Of the 132 patients, 69 (52 %) were found to have a new diagnosis. Excluding pregnancy, 67 patients of 101 (66 %) were found to have a new diagnosis. A change in management occurred in a total of 64 (48 %) patients, and 62 (61 %) after excluding pregnancy. Implementing POCUS in rural Nicaragua led to a change in management in about half of the patients examined. With the appropriate training of clinicians, POCUS combined with telemedicine can positively impact patient care. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La diagnostica ecografica (POCUS) é un utile strumento diagnostico in medicina. Fornisce un metodo semplice e riproducibile di diagnosi, dove studi radiologici convenzionali non siano disponibili. Anche la telemedicina é un grande mezzo di comunicazione tra docenti e studenti di tutto il mondo. L’implementazione della POCUS con formazione didattica diretta, utilizzando ecografi portatili, seguita da una formazione attraverso la telecomunicazione, avrà un impatto nella diagnosi differenziale e nella gestione del paziente in una comunità rurale fuori degli Stati Uniti. Presentiamo uno studio prospettico sull’implementazione della POCUS a Las Salinas, un piccolo villaggio rurale del Nicaragua occidentale. L’ecografia è stata utilizzata per confermare la diagnosi clinica, o per nuove diagnosi. Il punto primario era un cambiamento nella gestione del paziente. Istruttori internazionali hanno condotto una formazione didattica pratica locale, poi seguita da una guida a distanza con telecomunicazione, per tre mesi. Un totale di 132 pazienti sono stati sottoposti ad esame ecografico. L’esame più comune era per la diagnostica prenatale (23,5 %), seguito dal dolore addominale (17 %). Dei 132 pazienti, 69 (52 %) hanno avuto una nuova diagnosi. Nella diagnosi di esclusione di gravidanza 67 pazienti su 101 (66 %) hanno avuto una nuova diagnosi. Un cambiamento nella gestione si è verificato in un totale di 64 (48 %) pazienti, e in 62 (61 %) dopo aver escluso la gravidanza. L’implementazione della POCUS nelle zone rurali del Nicaragua ha portato ad un cambiamento di gestione in circa la metà dei pazienti esaminati. Con la formazione adeguata dei medici, la POCUS, combinata con la telemedicina, può avere un impatto positivo nella cura del paziente. | it |
pair_26191108 | A vein of Galen arteriovenous malformation (VGAM) is a rare intracranial shunt lacking a capillary bed and resulting in subsequent aneurysmal enlargement. VGAM has been previously reported to present as cardiovascular abnormalities, including increased right-sided cardiac load and pressure, cardiac dilatation, pulmonary hypertension and retrograde flow into the aortic arch. We report the first case of VGAM presenting as a gross right-sided neck swelling in a 39-week-old immediately at birth. Transthoracic echocardiography detected dilatation of the superior vena cava and innominate vein, increased right ventricular and pulmonary arterial pressure, and retrograde flow into the aortic arch. Follow-up neck ultrasound revealed tortuous carotid artery and bilateral dilatation of neck veins. Transcranial ultrasound revealed abnormally dilated vessels posterior to the third ventricle, confirming VGAM. Our case demonstrates that while the differential diagnoses of neck swelling are extensive, such a presentation upon Doppler and echocardiographic investigation, may be suggestive of extracardiac causes such as VGAM. The management of such a condition remains critical due to risk of hemorrhage and extensive cerebral involvement. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La vena di Galeno (VGAM) é una malformazione arterovenosa rara a livello intracranico, caratterizzata da shunt senza un letto capillare e conseguente, successivo, allargamento aneurismatico. La VGAM è stata segnalata in precedenza come anomalia cardiovascolare, con sovraccarico del cuore destro, dilatazione cardiaca, ipertensione polmonare e flusso retrogrado nell’arco aortico. Riportiamo il primo caso di VGAM caratterizzata da gonfiore e tumefazione del lato destro del collo in neonato nato alla 39 settimana di gestazione. L’ecocardiografia transtoracica ha rilevato dilatazione della vena cava superiore e della vena anonima, aumentato di volume del ventricolo destro e della pressione arteriosa polmonare e flusso retrogrado aortico. Il follow-up ecografico del collo ha rivelato tortuosità della carotide e dilatazione bilaterale delle vene del collo. L’ecografia transcranica ha rivelato un’anomala dilatazione dei vasi posteriori al terzo ventricolo, confermando la presenza di VGAM. Il nostro caso dimostra che, anche se le diagnosi differenziali delle tumefazioni del collo sono numerose, una presentazione Doppler ed ecocardiografica come quella riportata, può essere indicativo di causa extracardiaca come la VGAM. La gestione di tale condizione é critica per il rischio di emorragia e di ampio coinvolgimento cerebrale. | it |
pair_26191107 | Many variants of the long head of the biceps tendon exist but their appearance has not been documented with ultrasonography (US). We describe a case of variant LHB anatomy that was visualized by magnetic resonance imaging and confirmed with US. Additionally, US was useful to exclude instability of the LHBT. To the best of our knowledge, this variant appearance of the LHBT has not been previously described with US. Considering that shoulder US is routinely performed clinically, knowledge of the appearance of variant LHBT anatomy may be useful. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Esistono molte varianti del tendine del capo lungo del bicipite, ma il loro aspetto non è stato documentato con ecografia (US). Descriviamo un caso di variante anatomica del LHBT visualizzata con risonanza magnetica e confermata con gli US. Inoltre, gli US sono stati utili per escludere l’instabilità del LHBT. Per quanto a nostra conoscenza, questa variante del LHBT non è stata descritta in precedenza con gli US. Considerando che l’ecografia della spalla viene eseguita di routine nella pratica clinica, la conoscenza della variante anatomica del LHBT può essere utile. | it |
pair_26191109 | The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to computed tomography angiography (CTA) for the detection of endoleaks within EVAR surveillance program. A systematic review in Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane database was performed. Articles assessing diagnostic accuracy and comparative modality (CTA vs. CEUS) for endoleaks in adult patients within surveillance programs were retrieved. Methodological assessment was performed, using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tools. The sensitivity and specificity of data were extracted and statistical analysis was performed using MetaDiSc version 1.4. Eight articles were found eligible (n = 454 patients). The pooled sensitivity of CEUS at detecting endoleak is 0.914 (CI 0.866-0.949) and pooled specificity is 0.782 (CI 0.741-0.820). The CEUS with its dynamic nature and longer scanning window demonstrated to be a highly sensitive modality for endoleak detection in comparison to CTA in delayed endoleaks type II. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Scopo di questa revisione è stato valutare l'accuratezza dell'ecografia con mezzo di contrasto (CEUS) rispetto all'Agio Tomografia Computerizzata (CTA) per il rilevamento di endoleak, nell'ambito del programma di sorveglianza EVAR. E' stata eseguita una revisione sistematica nei database Pubmed, Embase e Cochrane. Sono stati valutati gli articoli che prendevano in considerazione l'accuratezza diagnostica e il confronto (CTA Vs CEUS) per endoleak, in pazienti adulti nell'ambito di programmi di sorveglianza. La valutazione metodologica è stata effettuata utilizzando come strumento il Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studiesla (QUADAS). Sono state estratte sensibilità e specificità ed è stata effettuata l'analisi statistica utilizzando MetaDiSc version 1.4. Sono stati trovati otto articoli adatti allo studio (n = 454 pazienti). La sensibilità della CEUS nell'individuare endoleak è 0,914 (CI 0,866-0,949) e la specificità 0,782 (CI 0,741-0,820). La CEUS, per la sua natura dinamica e la possibilità di scansione più lunga, ha dimostrato di essere una modalità altamente sensibile per la rilevazione di endoleak rispetto alla CTA negli endoleak di tipo II. | it |
pair_26191110 | The presence of the subacromial-subdeltoid (SASD) bursa inflammation has recently been proposed as a primary radiologic factor predicting persistent limitation and pain in operated patients. The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that pain, or increased shoulder pain, could be associated with SASD bursitis not only in operated patients but also in general population. A consecutive series of 1940 shoulder ultrasound examinations were performed by our Department over a 5-year period using linear multi-frequency probes. All reports of examination executed for shoulder pain were reviewed. The video clips were independently reviewed by two radiologists: effusion in the SASD bursa and the presence of other pathological conditions were evaluated and confirmed. A total of 1147 shoulder video clips were re-evaluated, and 1587 pathologies were detected; 65.5 % of patients had only one pathology, 30.4 % had two and 4.1 % presented three pathologies. The difference between the group with and without effusion is statistically significant for acromioclavicular joint arthritis, supraspinatus tendon calcific tendinopathy, full-thickness and superficial tear of the supraspinatus, traumas and rheumatoid arthritis with a p value <0.01. Our study shows that the effusion in the SASD bursa is frequently associated with shoulder pain often independently from the underlying pathology; further studies are needed to confirm the statistical significance of this relationship by clarifying possible confounding factors. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La presenza di alterazioni flogistiche a livello della borsa subacromiondeltoidea (BSAD) è stata recentemente proposta come fattore principale per predire la comparsa di dolore e limitazione funzionale nei Pazienti operati a livello della spalla. Lo scopo del nostro studio è di verificare l’ipotesi che il dolore, o l’incremento dello stesso, sia associato con la flogosi della BSAD non solo nei Pazienti operati ma anche nella popolazione generale. In 5 anni nel nostro dipartimento sono state eseguite, utilizzando esclusivamente sonde lineari multifrequenza, 1940 ecografie della spalla. Tutti gli esami aventi come indicazione il dolore sono stati selezionati. I videoclip degli esami selezionati sono stati rivalutati da due radiologi indipendentemente: è stata in tal modo confermata la presenza di versamento nella BSAD e di altri reperti patologici. Sono stati rivalutati i videoclip di 1147 ecografie di spalla. Sono state individuate 1587 alterazioni patologiche; il 65.5 % dei Pazienti presentava unicamente un riscontro patologico, il 30.4 % ne presentava due e il 4.1 % ne presentava 3. La differenza tra gruppo con e senza versamento è statisticamente significativa (<i>p</i> value <0.01) in caso di artrosi acromionclaveare, tendinopatia calcifica del sovraspinato, lesioni a tutto spessore e del versante bursale del tendine del sovraspinato, nei traumi e nell’artrite reumatoide. Il nostro studio mostra come il versamento nella BSAD sia frequentemente associato con il dolore di spalla spesso indipendentemente dalla patologia sottostante; ulteriori studi sono necessari per confermare tale relazione e chiarire l’influenza di possibili fattori confondenti. | it |
pair_26191111 | Cesarean scar implantation represents a rare, though growing subset of potentially life-threatening ectopic pregnancy. Because of the global increase in cesarean sections as well as the improved diagnostic abilities of transvaginal ultrasound, incidence rates have continued to rise since the first reported case in 1978. Uterine rupture and catastrophic hemorrhage can ensue when diagnosis is delayed. Additionally, a higher rate of concurrent trophoblastic myometrial invasion may increase the incidence of retained products of conception or post procedural bleeding. Endovaginal ultrasound has a reported sensitivity of 85 % for detection. In difficult cases, magnetic resonance imaging is often useful as a problem solving exam in confirming diagnostic suspicions and guiding therapeutic decisions. We present a series of five illustrative cases illustrating the range of clinical and imaging findings. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La cicatrice da taglio cesareo rappresenta nella gravidanza ectopica una rara seppur crescente concausa potenzialmente pericolosa per la vita. L’aumento su scala globale della pratica del taglio cesareo, nonostante il supporto dell’applicazione dell’ecografia trans-vaginale sempre più precisa, ha visto crescere i tassi di incidenza a partire dal primo caso riportato nel 1978. Quando la diagnosi è tardiva ne può derivare la rottura dell’utero con conseguente grave emorragia. Inoltre, il verificarsi concomitante di invasione trofoblastica a livello del miometrio potrebbe aumentare l’incidenza dei residui da concepimento o delle emorragie post intervento. L’ecografia trans vaginale ha una capacità diagnostica dell’85 %. Nei casi più difficili, la RM è spesso utile come esame risolutore nel confermare i sospetti diagnostici e guidare quindi verso la terapia appropriata. Vi presentiamo 5 casi esemplificativi che illustrano la varietà di dati clinici ed imaging. | it |
pair_34879155 | It is time to reclaim C.G. Jung's vision of psychology as the foundational science upon which all sciences and institutions would be based, and as the discipline, theory, and practice necessary for fostering humanity's overall psychocultural development. Jung identified eight distinct 'types' of consciousness through which humankind engages its emerging psychological attitude. Jung's view of psychological development as hingeing on the differentiation of function-attitudes provides the means for understanding not only ourselves and each other, but our society as well. This paper offers an example of such an analysis by focusing on the current conflict within American political culture. The goal is as lofty as it is necessary: the operationalization of Jung's vision of psychology as the powerful influencer of human cultural evolution that it has the potential to be. The immediate goal is to instigate the first step toward this vision of Jung's 'complex psychology' by stimulating conversations among Jungians about how they can foster that vision, leading them towards taking up roles as 'citizen therapists', actively involved in their communities in cultivating greater empathy and the withdrawal of projections in the interest of furthering 'collective consciousness'. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | È tempo di recuperare la visione di C. G. Jung della psicologia come la scienza fondamentale su cui si sarebbero basate tutte le scienze e le istituzioni, e come la disciplina, la teoria e la pratica necessarie per promuovere lo sviluppo psicoculturale generale dell’umanità. Jung identificò otto distinti ‘tipi’ di coscienza con i quali l’umanità utilizza il suo atteggiamento psicologico emergente. La visione di Jung dello sviluppo psicologico come imperniato sulla differenziazione degli atteggiamenti funzionali fornisce i mezzi per comprendere non solo noi stessi e gli altri, ma anche la nostra società. Questo articolo offre un esempio di tale analisi concentrandosi sull’attuale conflitto all’interno della cultura politica americana. L'obiettivo è tanto alto quanto necessario: l'operazionalizzazione della visione di Jung della psicologia come quel potente fattore di influenza dell’evoluzione culturale umana che potenzialmente può essere. L’obiettivo immediato è quello di fare il primo passo verso questa visione della 'psicologia complessa' di Jung, stimolando il dialogo tra gli junghiani su come quella visione può essere promossa, portandoli ad assumere ruoli di “terapisti cittadini”, attivamente coinvolti nelle loro comunità nel coltivare una maggiore empatia e stimolare il ritiro delle proiezioni al fine di promuovere la “coscienza collettiva”. | it |
pair_34879155 | It is time to reclaim C.G. Jung's vision of psychology as the foundational science upon which all sciences and institutions would be based, and as the discipline, theory, and practice necessary for fostering humanity's overall psychocultural development. Jung identified eight distinct 'types' of consciousness through which humankind engages its emerging psychological attitude. Jung's view of psychological development as hingeing on the differentiation of function-attitudes provides the means for understanding not only ourselves and each other, but our society as well. This paper offers an example of such an analysis by focusing on the current conflict within American political culture. The goal is as lofty as it is necessary: the operationalization of Jung's vision of psychology as the powerful influencer of human cultural evolution that it has the potential to be. The immediate goal is to instigate the first step toward this vision of Jung's 'complex psychology' by stimulating conversations among Jungians about how they can foster that vision, leading them towards taking up roles as 'citizen therapists', actively involved in their communities in cultivating greater empathy and the withdrawal of projections in the interest of furthering 'collective consciousness'. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | 具体化心理态度:文化转化中的意识类型 是时候重申荣格关于心理的认识是一种基础科学, 是所有的科学和机构的基础, 是一门可以助长人性整体的心理文化发展的学科、理论、及实践。荣格区分出八种独特的意识“类型”, 通过这些类型的使用, 人类呈现出不同的心理态度。荣格依据功能态度的区别而形成的心理发展的观点, 提供了一种方法, 用以理解我们自身、他人, 以及社会。这篇文章提出了这样一个例子, 这个例子聚焦于当下美国政治文化中的冲突。其目标要多崇高就有多崇高:荣格的心理观点, 作为一种潜在的, 对人类文化进化有力的影响因素, 的操作化。即刻的目标是鼓动人们迈出走向荣格的“情结心理学”远见的第一步, 这第一步需要刺激荣格学者间的对话, 对话的内容涉及他们如何助长这一远见, 引领他们肩负起“公民的治疗师”的角色, 积极参与他们的社区, 并在其中促成更大的共情以及撤回投射, 并把兴趣转向更广的“集体意识”。. | zh-cn |
pair_34879155 | It is time to reclaim C.G. Jung's vision of psychology as the foundational science upon which all sciences and institutions would be based, and as the discipline, theory, and practice necessary for fostering humanity's overall psychocultural development. Jung identified eight distinct 'types' of consciousness through which humankind engages its emerging psychological attitude. Jung's view of psychological development as hingeing on the differentiation of function-attitudes provides the means for understanding not only ourselves and each other, but our society as well. This paper offers an example of such an analysis by focusing on the current conflict within American political culture. The goal is as lofty as it is necessary: the operationalization of Jung's vision of psychology as the powerful influencer of human cultural evolution that it has the potential to be. The immediate goal is to instigate the first step toward this vision of Jung's 'complex psychology' by stimulating conversations among Jungians about how they can foster that vision, leading them towards taking up roles as 'citizen therapists', actively involved in their communities in cultivating greater empathy and the withdrawal of projections in the interest of furthering 'collective consciousness'. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Le moment est venu d’assumer la vision de C.G. Jung de la psychologie en tant que science de base sur laquelle toutes les sciences et institutions seraient fondées, et en tant que la discipline, théorie et pratique nécessaires pour encourager le développement psychoculturel de l’humanité. Jung a identifié huit ‘types’ distincts de conscience à travers lesquels l’humanité éveille son attitude psychologique émergeante. Jung envisageait le développement psychologique comme articulé avec la différentiation de fonction-attitudes. Ceci fournit les moyens de comprendre non seulement soi-même et les autres mais encore notre société. Cet article offre l’exemple d’une telle analyse en se concentrant sur un conflit actuel au sein de la culture politique américaine. Le but est aussi ambitieux qu’il est nécessaire: rendre opérationnelle et donner tout son potentiel à la vision de Jung sur la psychologie comme influence puissante de l’évolution culturelle humaine. Le but immédiat est d’inciter au premier pas vers la vision de Jung d’une ‘psychologie des complexes’ en stimulant des conversations parmi les Jungiens sur comment ils peuvent encourager cette vision, les invitant à s’impliquer en tant que ‘thérapeutes citoyens’, actifs dans leurs communautés, cultivant une plus grande empathie et le retrait des projections, dans l’intérêt de l’avancement d’une ‘conscience collective’. | fr |
pair_34879155 | It is time to reclaim C.G. Jung's vision of psychology as the foundational science upon which all sciences and institutions would be based, and as the discipline, theory, and practice necessary for fostering humanity's overall psychocultural development. Jung identified eight distinct 'types' of consciousness through which humankind engages its emerging psychological attitude. Jung's view of psychological development as hingeing on the differentiation of function-attitudes provides the means for understanding not only ourselves and each other, but our society as well. This paper offers an example of such an analysis by focusing on the current conflict within American political culture. The goal is as lofty as it is necessary: the operationalization of Jung's vision of psychology as the powerful influencer of human cultural evolution that it has the potential to be. The immediate goal is to instigate the first step toward this vision of Jung's 'complex psychology' by stimulating conversations among Jungians about how they can foster that vision, leading them towards taking up roles as 'citizen therapists', actively involved in their communities in cultivating greater empathy and the withdrawal of projections in the interest of furthering 'collective consciousness'. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Es ist an der Zeit, C.G. Jungs Vision der Psychologie als der grundlegenden Wissenschaft, auf der alle Wissenschaften und Institutionen basieren würden, und als die Disziplin, Theorie und Praxis, die zur Förderung der gesamten psychokulturellen Entwicklung der Menschheit erforderlich sind, zurückzugewinnen. Jung identifizierte acht verschiedene 'Typen' von Bewußtsein, durch die die Menschheit ihre aufkommende psychologische Haltung in Angriff nimmt. Jungs Auffassung von der psychologischen Entwicklung, die von der Differenzierung von Funktionseinstellungen abhängt, bietet die Möglichkeit, nicht nur uns selbst und einander, sondern auch unsere Gesellschaft zu verstehen. Dieser Beitrag bietet ein Beispiel für eine solche Analyse, indem er sich auf den aktuellen Konflikt innerhalb der amerikanischen politischen Kultur konzentriert. Das Ziel ist so hoch wie nötig gesteckt: die Operationalisierung von Jungs Vision von Psychologie als dem mächtigen Einflußfaktor der menschlichen kulturellen Evolution, zu dem sie das Potential hat. Unmittelbares Ziel ist es, den ersten Schritt in Richtung dieser Vision von Jungs 'Komplexer Psychologie' einzuleiten, indem Gespräche zwischen Jungianern darüber angeregt werden, wie sie diese Vision fördern können und sie dazu zu bringen, Rollen als 'Bürgertherapeuten' einzunehmen, die sich aktiv in ihren Gemeinschaften bei der Kultivierung von größerer Empathie und der Rücknahme von Projektionen im Interesse der Förderung des 'kollektiven Bewußtseins' beteiligen. | de |
pair_34879155 | It is time to reclaim C.G. Jung's vision of psychology as the foundational science upon which all sciences and institutions would be based, and as the discipline, theory, and practice necessary for fostering humanity's overall psychocultural development. Jung identified eight distinct 'types' of consciousness through which humankind engages its emerging psychological attitude. Jung's view of psychological development as hingeing on the differentiation of function-attitudes provides the means for understanding not only ourselves and each other, but our society as well. This paper offers an example of such an analysis by focusing on the current conflict within American political culture. The goal is as lofty as it is necessary: the operationalization of Jung's vision of psychology as the powerful influencer of human cultural evolution that it has the potential to be. The immediate goal is to instigate the first step toward this vision of Jung's 'complex psychology' by stimulating conversations among Jungians about how they can foster that vision, leading them towards taking up roles as 'citizen therapists', actively involved in their communities in cultivating greater empathy and the withdrawal of projections in the interest of furthering 'collective consciousness'. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Es tiempo de reclamar la visión de Jung de la psicología como la ciencia fundacional sobre la cual todas las ciencias e instituciones pudieran basarse, y como la disciplina, teoría y práctica necesarias para promover el desarrollo psico-cultural de la humanidad. Jung identificó ocho ‘tipos’ diferentes de consciencia a través de los cuales la humanidad desarrolla su emergente actitud psicológica. La perspectiva de Jung acerca del desarrollo psicológico como dependiendo de la diferenciación de funciones - actitudes brinda un medio para la comprensión no solo de nosotros mismos y de los demás, sino también de nuestra sociedad. Este trabajo ofrece un ejemplo de dicho análisis al focalizarse en el conflicto actual al interior de la cultura política americana. El objetivo es tan ambicioso como necesario: la operacionalización de la visión psicológica de Jung como una influencia poderosa de la evolución de la cultura humana, la cual tiene el potencial de ser. El objetivo inmediato es instigar el primer paso hacia esta visión de la ‘psicología compleja’ de Jung, estimulando conversaciones entre Junguianos sobre cómo pueden promover esta visión, conduciéndolos hacia la toma de roles como ‘terapeutas ciudadanos’, involucrados activamente en sus comunidades, cultivando una mayor empatía y el retiro de las proyecciones con el interés de fomentar ‘la consciencia colectiva’. | es |
pair_34879155 | It is time to reclaim C.G. Jung's vision of psychology as the foundational science upon which all sciences and institutions would be based, and as the discipline, theory, and practice necessary for fostering humanity's overall psychocultural development. Jung identified eight distinct 'types' of consciousness through which humankind engages its emerging psychological attitude. Jung's view of psychological development as hingeing on the differentiation of function-attitudes provides the means for understanding not only ourselves and each other, but our society as well. This paper offers an example of such an analysis by focusing on the current conflict within American political culture. The goal is as lofty as it is necessary: the operationalization of Jung's vision of psychology as the powerful influencer of human cultural evolution that it has the potential to be. The immediate goal is to instigate the first step toward this vision of Jung's 'complex psychology' by stimulating conversations among Jungians about how they can foster that vision, leading them towards taking up roles as 'citizen therapists', actively involved in their communities in cultivating greater empathy and the withdrawal of projections in the interest of furthering 'collective consciousness'. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Пришла пора обратиться к отношению К.Г. Юнга к психологии как к фундаментальной науке, которая станет основанием всех наук и институтов. Психология - это дисциплину, теория и практика, необходимые для содействия общему психокультурному развитию человечества. Юнг выделил восемь различных «типов» сознания, с помощью которых человечество реализует свою психологическую установку. Взгляды Юнга на психологическое развитие, зависящее от дифференциации функциональных установок, помогают понять не только самих себя и друг друга, но и нашего общества. В данной статье приводится пример анализа, в котором основное внимание уделяется текущему конфликту в американской политической культуре. Грандиозность цели оправдана необходимостью: операционализация юнговского видения психологии как мощного фактора влияния на культурную эволюцию человека. Ближайшая цель - сделать первый шаг к этому видению «сложной психологии» путем стимулирования дискуссий среди юнгианцев о том, как они могут способствовать этому видению. Их необходимо подвести к роли «гражданских терапевтов», которые активно участвуют в жизни своих сообществ, культивируют эмпатию и отказ от проекций в интересах развития «коллективного сознания». | ru |
pair_34879156 | This clinical presentation shows what insights a typology-conscious analysis of clients and their families may lead to and points out what is added by applying John Beebe's eight-function, eight-archetype model. To reflect on the inner balance between archetypal complexes in the eight-function structure that holds our psyche, the author invites clients to do a typological analysis, including an analysis of their archetypal patterns, which may, itself, provoke anxiety. This article includes a presentation of ideas and experiences sparked when confronting these complexes in clinical work. Clients are introduced to six stages of coping with stress that may allow them to be more conscious of their complexes when triggered. These stages are Faint, Freeze, Flight, Fidget, Fight, and Flow. To identify whether the stress is physiological, emotional, or intellectual, the idea of the Triune Brain is introduced. The therapeutic work may lead to redemption from opposites, which is an ethical task. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Questa presentazione clinica mostra quali insight può portare un’analisi attenta alla tipologia dei pazienti e delle loro famiglie e sottolinea ciò che viene aggiunto applicando il modello otto-funzioni otto-archetipi di John Beebe. Per riflettere sull’equilibrio interiore tra complessi archetipici nella struttura a otto funzioni che contiene la nostra psiche, l’Autore invita i pazienti a fare un’analisi tipologica, compresa un’analisi dei loro pattern archetipici che possono, di per sé, provocare ansia. Questo articolo include una presentazione di idee ed esperienze emerse quando ci si confronta con i complessi nel lavoro clinico. Ai pazienti vengono presentate sei fasi di gestione dello stress che possono consentire loro di essere più consapevoli dei loro complessi, quando questi vengono attivati. Queste fasi sono Stremato, Congelato, Fuga, Irrequieto, Combattivo, e Fluire. Per identificare se lo stress è fisiologico, emotivo o intellettuale, l’idea del Cervello Trino viene introdotta. Il lavoro terapeutico può portare alla redenzione dagli opposti, che è un compito etico. | it |
pair_34879156 | This clinical presentation shows what insights a typology-conscious analysis of clients and their families may lead to and points out what is added by applying John Beebe's eight-function, eight-archetype model. To reflect on the inner balance between archetypal complexes in the eight-function structure that holds our psyche, the author invites clients to do a typological analysis, including an analysis of their archetypal patterns, which may, itself, provoke anxiety. This article includes a presentation of ideas and experiences sparked when confronting these complexes in clinical work. Clients are introduced to six stages of coping with stress that may allow them to be more conscious of their complexes when triggered. These stages are Faint, Freeze, Flight, Fidget, Fight, and Flow. To identify whether the stress is physiological, emotional, or intellectual, the idea of the Triune Brain is introduced. The therapeutic work may lead to redemption from opposites, which is an ethical task. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | 类型, 八功能模型, 原型情结 这一临床论文展现了, 通过使用约翰·毕比八功能八原型模型, 对于病人及其家庭类型意识的分析, 可以带来怎样更多的洞察。为了觉察那些支撑我们心灵的八功能结构中的原型情结, 及其内在平衡, 作者邀请来访者做一个类型学的分析, 这包括对他们原型模式的分析, 而这本身会激发焦虑。这篇论文呈现了在临床中面质这些情结时的一些观点和经验的火花。来访者被引领着进行应付压力的四个步骤, 这让他们对于被激发的情结有更加清晰的意识。这些阶段是:模糊、冷冻、逃跑、烦躁、战斗、流动。为了识别压力是生理的、情绪或或是认知的, 作者引入了三位一体大脑的观念。治疗过程可能带来对立的救赎, 而这是一个伦理的任务。. | zh-cn |
pair_34879156 | This clinical presentation shows what insights a typology-conscious analysis of clients and their families may lead to and points out what is added by applying John Beebe's eight-function, eight-archetype model. To reflect on the inner balance between archetypal complexes in the eight-function structure that holds our psyche, the author invites clients to do a typological analysis, including an analysis of their archetypal patterns, which may, itself, provoke anxiety. This article includes a presentation of ideas and experiences sparked when confronting these complexes in clinical work. Clients are introduced to six stages of coping with stress that may allow them to be more conscious of their complexes when triggered. These stages are Faint, Freeze, Flight, Fidget, Fight, and Flow. To identify whether the stress is physiological, emotional, or intellectual, the idea of the Triune Brain is introduced. The therapeutic work may lead to redemption from opposites, which is an ethical task. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Cette présentation clinique montre comment une analyse consciente de la typologie peut aider les clients et leurs familles, ainsi que l’apport supplémentaire avec l’utilisation du modèle « huit fonction huit archétype » de John Beebe. Pour réfléchir à l’équilibre intérieur entre les complexes archétypaux dans la structure « huit-fonction » qui soutient notre psyché, l’auteur invite ses clients à faire une analyse typologique, incluant une analyse des schémas archétypaux, ce qui en soi peut provoquer de l’anxiété. Cet article comprend une présentation d’idées et d’expériences suscitées par la confrontation avec ces complexes dans le travail clinique. Les six étapes pour gérer le stress sont exposées aux clients pour les aider à devenir plus conscients de leurs complexes quand ceux-ci sont activés. Ces étapes sont: s’évanouir, se geler, fuir, s’agiter, se battre, se laisser aller dans le sens du courant. Afin d’identifier si le stress est physiologique, émotionnel, ou intellectuel, l’auteur introduit la notion de cerveau triunique. Le travail thérapeutique peut conduire à la rédemption des opposés, ce qui est une tâche éthique. | fr |
pair_34879156 | This clinical presentation shows what insights a typology-conscious analysis of clients and their families may lead to and points out what is added by applying John Beebe's eight-function, eight-archetype model. To reflect on the inner balance between archetypal complexes in the eight-function structure that holds our psyche, the author invites clients to do a typological analysis, including an analysis of their archetypal patterns, which may, itself, provoke anxiety. This article includes a presentation of ideas and experiences sparked when confronting these complexes in clinical work. Clients are introduced to six stages of coping with stress that may allow them to be more conscious of their complexes when triggered. These stages are Faint, Freeze, Flight, Fidget, Fight, and Flow. To identify whether the stress is physiological, emotional, or intellectual, the idea of the Triune Brain is introduced. The therapeutic work may lead to redemption from opposites, which is an ethical task. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Diese klinische Präsentation zeigt, zu welchen Erkenntnissen eine typologiebewußte Analyse von Klienten und ihren Familien führen kann und zeigt auf, was durch die Anwendung des Acht-Funktionen-acht-Archetypen-Modells von John Beebe hierzu beigesteuert wird. Um über das innere Gleichgewicht zwischen archetypischen Komplexen in der Acht-Funktionen-Struktur, die in unserer Psyche enthalten ist, nachzudenken, lädt der Autor Klienten zu einer typologische Analyse ein, einschließlich einer Analyse ihrer archetypischen Muster, die selbst Angst auslösen können. In diesem Artikel werden Ideen und Erfahrungen vorgestellt, die bei der Auseinandersetzung mit diesen Komplexen in der klinischen Arbeit entstanden sind. Die Klienten werden in sechs Stufen der Streßbewältigung eingeführt die es ihnen ermöglichen, sich ihrer Komplexe bewußter zu werden, wenn diese ausgelöst werden. Diese Phasen sind Ohnmacht, Einfrieren, Flucht, Unruhe, Kampf und Fließen. Um zu erkennen, ob der Streß physiologischer, emotionaler oder intellektueller Art ist, wird die Idee des Dreieinigen Gehirns eingeführt. Die therapeutische Arbeit kann zur Erlösung von Gegensätzen führen, was eine ethische Aufgabe ist. | de |
pair_34879156 | This clinical presentation shows what insights a typology-conscious analysis of clients and their families may lead to and points out what is added by applying John Beebe's eight-function, eight-archetype model. To reflect on the inner balance between archetypal complexes in the eight-function structure that holds our psyche, the author invites clients to do a typological analysis, including an analysis of their archetypal patterns, which may, itself, provoke anxiety. This article includes a presentation of ideas and experiences sparked when confronting these complexes in clinical work. Clients are introduced to six stages of coping with stress that may allow them to be more conscious of their complexes when triggered. These stages are Faint, Freeze, Flight, Fidget, Fight, and Flow. To identify whether the stress is physiological, emotional, or intellectual, the idea of the Triune Brain is introduced. The therapeutic work may lead to redemption from opposites, which is an ethical task. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Esta presentación clínica muestra a qué comprensiones puede conducir un análisis, de clientes y sus familias, basado en el uso consciente de la tipología; y señala aquello que aporta al aplicar el modelo de John Beebe de las ocho funciones, y ocho arquetipos. Para reflexionar acerca del balance interno entre complejos arquetipales en la estructura de las ocho funciones que sostiene nuestra psique, la autora invita a los clientes a hacer un análisis tipológico, incluyendo un análisis de los patrones arquetipales, el cual, puede en sí mismo, provocar ansiedad. El artículo incluye una presentación de las ideas y experiencias suscitadas a partir de la confrontación con estos complejos en el trabajo clínico. Los clientes son introducidos a seis etapas de trabajo para superar el stress que les posibilita devenir más conscientes de sus complejos cuando éstos son activados. Estas etapas son Desmayo, Congelamiento, Huida, Inquietud, Lucha y Fluir. Se introduce la idea del cerebro Triuno con el objetivo de identificar si el estrés es fisiológico, emocional o intelectual. El trabajo terapéutico puede conducir a la redención de la polarización, lo cual es una tarea ética. | es |
pair_34879156 | This clinical presentation shows what insights a typology-conscious analysis of clients and their families may lead to and points out what is added by applying John Beebe's eight-function, eight-archetype model. To reflect on the inner balance between archetypal complexes in the eight-function structure that holds our psyche, the author invites clients to do a typological analysis, including an analysis of their archetypal patterns, which may, itself, provoke anxiety. This article includes a presentation of ideas and experiences sparked when confronting these complexes in clinical work. Clients are introduced to six stages of coping with stress that may allow them to be more conscious of their complexes when triggered. These stages are Faint, Freeze, Flight, Fidget, Fight, and Flow. To identify whether the stress is physiological, emotional, or intellectual, the idea of the Triune Brain is introduced. The therapeutic work may lead to redemption from opposites, which is an ethical task. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | В этой клинической презентации показано, к каким открытиям может привести учитывающий типологию анализ клиентов и их семей. Указана роль модели Джона Биби: восемь функций, восемь архетипов. Чтобы поразмышлять о внутреннем балансе между архетипическими комплексами в восьмифункциональной структуре, которая образует нашу психику, автор предлагает клиентам провести типологический анализ, включая анализ их архетипических паттернов, которые сами по себе могут вызывать тревогу. В этой статье представлены идеи и опыт, возникшие при столкновении с комплексами в клинической работе. Клиентов знакомят с шестью этапами преодоления стресса, которые могут позволить им лучше осознавать свои комплексы при срабатывании триггера. Эти этапы: обморок, замирание, бегство, непоседливость, борьба и состояние потока. Чтобы определить, является ли стресс физиологическим, эмоциональным или интеллектуальным, вводится идея Триединого мозга. Терапевтическая работа может привести к изменению противоположностей, что является этической задачей. | ru |
pair_34879158 | In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung's writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler's epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung's book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described - the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Nell’agosto 2020, John Beebe e Steve Myers si sono incontrati via Zoom per discutere le loro diverse interpretazioni della tipologia psicologica e le diverse fonti all’interno degli scritti di Jung che hanno influenzato i loro libri: 'Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type' (Beebe), e 'Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation' (Myers). La discussione si è incentrata sul poema epico di Spitteler Prometeo ed Epimeteo, che costituisce la base del capitolo V di Tipi psicologici. Questo è sia il capitolo più grande che uno dei due capitoli che Jung ha evidenziato nella prefazione argentina come contenente l’essenza del libro. Il libro di Jung riguarda principalmente la trasformazione della personalità piuttosto che la categorizzazione delle persone. Sebbene contenga una psicologia critica che decostruisce la natura della coscienza, questa è solo una metà del libro e un trampolino di lancio per l’altra metà, che è la riconciliazione degli opposti con particolare enfasi sulla riconciliazione tra coscienza e inconscio. Jung presumeva che i lettori avessero già familiarità con Prometeo ed Epimeteo, la cui comprensione getta luce sulla natura della trasformazione descritta da Jung - lo sviluppo di un nuovo atteggiamento nei confronti dell’atteggiamento stesso. | it |
pair_34879158 | In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung's writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler's epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung's book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described - the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | 2020年八月份, 约翰·毕比 和Steve Myers通过Zoom会面, 讨论他们关于心理类型理解的差异, 以及在他们的著作如何来源于不同的荣格作品的影响:《深度整合:心理类型中的能量与模式》(约翰·毕比), 和《Myers-Briggs 类型学和荣格的自性化》(Myers)。讨论聚焦于Spitteler关于普罗米修斯和厄庇墨透斯的史诗, 它构成了《心理类型》一书第五章的基础。这是最大的一章, 荣格在阿根廷版的序言中也曾强调, 这一章是本书精华内容的两章中的其中一章。荣格的书主要涉及人格的转化, 而不是人的类别。虽然它包含了鉴别性的心理学, 用以拆解意识的本质, 但这只是书的一半, 并且只是另外一半内容的踏脚石, 而这另一半的内容是, 对意识与无意识的关系采取特别的关注, 从而进行对立的调和。荣格假定读者已经熟悉普罗米修斯和厄庇墨透斯, 这一理解可以帮助我们理解荣格所说的转化的本质:对于态度本身发展出新的态度。. | zh-cn |
pair_34879158 | In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung's writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler's epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung's book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described - the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | En août 2020, John Beebe et Steve Myers se sont rencontrés par Zoom pour échanger sur leurs interprétations différentes de la typologie jungienne et les différentes sources dans les écrits de Jung qui ont influencé leurs livres: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe) et Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). Leur discussion a porté sur le poème épique de Spitteler Prométhée et Epiméthée, qui constitue la base du chapitre V de Types Psychologiques. C’est à la fois le chapitre le plus long et l’un des deux chapitres à propos duquel Jung a souligné, dans sa préface argentine, qu’il contient l’essence du livre. Le livre de Jung concerne principalement la transformation de la personnalité plutôt que la catégorisation des individus. Bien qu’il contienne une psychologie critique qui déconstruit la nature de la conscience, cela ne constitue qu’une moitié du livre et un tremplin vers l’autre moitié, qui est la réconciliation des opposés avec un accent particulier sur la relation entre la conscience et l’inconscient. Jung supposait que les lecteurs connaissent déjà Prométhée et Epiméthée, dont la compréhension éclaire la nature de la transformation que Jung décrit: l’élaboration d’une nouvelle attitude envers l’attitude elle-même. | fr |
pair_34879158 | In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung's writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler's epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung's book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described - the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Im August 2020 trafen sich John Beebe und Steve Myers über Zoom, um ihre unterschiedlichen Interpretationen der psychologischen Typologie sowie die verschiedenen Quellen in Jungs Schriften zu diskutieren, die ihre Bücher beeinflußten: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe) und Myers-Briggs Typologie vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). Im Zentrum der Diskussion stand Spittelers Epos Prometheus und Epimetheus, das die Grundlage des Kapitels V von Psychologische Typen bildet. Dies ist sowohl das größte Kapitel als auch eines von zwei Kapiteln, die Jung im argentinischen Vorwort als die Essenz des Buches hervorhob. Jungs Buch handelt in erster Linie von der Transformation der Persönlichkeit und nicht von der Kategorisierung von Menschen. Obwohl es eine kritische Psychologie enthält, die das Wesen des Bewußtseins dekonstruiert, ist dies nur eine Hälfte des Buches und ein Sprungbrett zur anderen Hälfte, der Aussöhnung von Gegensätzen mit besonderer Betonung der Beziehung von Bewußtem und Unbewußtem. Jung ging davon aus, daß die Leser mit Prometheus und Epimetheus bereits vertraut waren, eine Kenntnis, die Licht auf das Wesen der von Jung beschriebenen Transformation - die Entwicklung einer neuen Einstellung zur Einstellung selbst - wirft. | de |
pair_34879158 | In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung's writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler's epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung's book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described - the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | En agosto 2020, John Beebe y Steve Myers se encontraron vía zoom a discutir acerca de sus diferentes interpretaciones de la tipología psicológica y de las diversas fuentes en los escritos de Jung que han influenciado sus libros: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), y Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). La discusión se centró en el poema épico de Spitteler: Prometheus und Epimetheus, el cual forma la base del capítulo V de Tipos Psicológicos. Este es el capítulo más extenso, y uno de los dos capítulos que Jung destaca en el prólogo argentina, como conteniendo la esencia del libro. El libro de Jung es principalmente sobre la transformación de la personalidad, más que sobre la categorización de las personas. Si bien contiene una psicología crítica que deconstruye la naturaleza de la consciencia, esto es solamente la mitad del libro y un paso intermedio a la otra mitad, la cual trata sobre la reconciliación de los opuestos con énfasis particular en la relación entre la consciencia y el inconsciente. Jung asume que los lectores estarían familiarizados con Prometheus und Epimetheus, cuya comprensión ilumina la naturaleza de la transformación que Jung describió - el desarrollo de una nueva actitud hacia la actitud misma. | es |
pair_34879158 | In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung's writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler's epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung's book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described - the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | В августе 2020 года Джон Биби и Стив Майерс встретились в Zoom, чтобы обсудить свои различное понимание психологической типологии и различные источники в трудах Юнга, которые повлияли на их книги «Глубинная целостность: энергии и закономерности в психологическом типе» (Биби) и «Типология Майерс-Бриггс VS индивидуация» (Майерс). В центре обсуждения оказалась эпическая поэма Шпиттелера «Прометей и Эпиметей», которая легла в основу пятой главы «Психологических типов». Это одновременно и самая большая глава, и одна из двух глав, которые Юнг в предисловии к аргентинскому изданию назвал содержащими суть книги. Труд Юнга в первую очередь посвящен трансформации личности, а не категоризации людей. Хотя он содержит критическую психологию, которая деконструирует природу сознания, это только одна половина книги и переход к другой половине, которая представляет собой примирение противоположностей с особым упором на отношения сознания и бессознательного. Юнг предполагал, что читатели уже были знакомы с «Прометеем и Эпиметеем», понимание которых проливает свет на природу трансформации, описанной Юнгом, - развития новой установки по отношению к самой установке. | ru |
pair_34879161 | For Jung, the discovery of type differences represented the beginning of his individuation journey, and his experiential discovery can model the path of learning about psychological type. A course on psychological type can enable individuals to discover empirically Jung's revelations about the psyche if it is structured like the individuation journey itself: beginning with differentiation of the preferred functions, proceeding to the inferior function at the midpoint of the journey, and concluding with an exploration of the unconscious functions. Such a pedagogical method mandates a non-prescriptive approach that empowers students to lead their own learning, an approach expressed by the Taoist concept of wu wei. Psychological Types references wu wei as a means of balancing consciousness and the unconscious. Sometimes Jung's typology is thought to deal only with consciousness, but in fact it represented Jung's own eightfold way into the unconscious. To illustrate the dynamic interaction of conscious and unconscious functions, John Beebe's eight-function eight-archetype model is an indispensable tool, because it illuminates the unconscious opposites inherent in each type and connects them with archetypal complexes. With the aid of Beebe's model, students can plot a typological trajectory of development for their journey to the Self. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Per Jung, la scoperta delle differenze di tipo ha rappresentato l’inizio del suo percorso di individuazione, e la sua scoperta esperienziale può modellare il percorso di apprendimento del tipo psicologico. Un corso sul tipo psicologico può consentire agli individui di scoprire empiricamente le intuizioni di Jung sulla psiche, se esso è strutturato come un proprio percorso di individuazione: iniziando con la differenziazione delle funzioni preferite, procedendo verso la funzione inferiore a metà del viaggio e concludendo con un’esplorazione delle funzioni inconsce. Tale metodo pedagogico impone un approccio non-prescrittivo che consente agli allievi di condurre il proprio apprendimento, un approccio espresso dal concetto taoista di wu wei. Tipi Psicologici fa riferimento al wu wei come strumento per bilanciare la coscienza e l’inconscio. A volte si pensa che la tipologia di Jung si occupi solo della coscienza, ma in realtà rappresentava l’ottuplice via di Jung verso l’inconscio. Per illustrare l’interazione dinamica delle funzioni consce e inconsce, il modello otto-funzioni otto-archetipi di John Beebe è uno strumento indispensabile, perché illumina gli opposti inconsci inerenti a ciascun tipo e li collega con complessi archetipici. Con l’aiuto del modello di Beebe, gli allievi possono tracciare una traiettoria tipologica di sviluppo per il loro viaggio verso il Sé. | it |
pair_34879161 | For Jung, the discovery of type differences represented the beginning of his individuation journey, and his experiential discovery can model the path of learning about psychological type. A course on psychological type can enable individuals to discover empirically Jung's revelations about the psyche if it is structured like the individuation journey itself: beginning with differentiation of the preferred functions, proceeding to the inferior function at the midpoint of the journey, and concluding with an exploration of the unconscious functions. Such a pedagogical method mandates a non-prescriptive approach that empowers students to lead their own learning, an approach expressed by the Taoist concept of wu wei. Psychological Types references wu wei as a means of balancing consciousness and the unconscious. Sometimes Jung's typology is thought to deal only with consciousness, but in fact it represented Jung's own eightfold way into the unconscious. To illustrate the dynamic interaction of conscious and unconscious functions, John Beebe's eight-function eight-archetype model is an indispensable tool, because it illuminates the unconscious opposites inherent in each type and connects them with archetypal complexes. With the aid of Beebe's model, students can plot a typological trajectory of development for their journey to the Self. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | 教授心理类型的八重法 对荣格来说, 发现类型的差别, 标志了他个人自性化旅程的开始, 而他实验性的发现可以为学习心理类型提供一个道路的模版。如果一个关于心理类型的课程, 具有和自性化历程一样的结构, 那么它就可以帮助个体切实经历荣格关于心灵的启示:这一过程开始于与偏爱的功能分化, 在旅程中间点走向劣势功能, 以对无意识功能的探索作为结束。这是一个非规范化的教学方法, 它可以让学生领导自己的学习过程, 这是道家无为的方法。心理类型把无为作为一种平衡意识与无意识的方法。有时, 荣格的类型学被认为只关系到意识, 但其实, 它代表了荣格自己进入无意识的八重方法。若要说明意识与无意识方法的动力性交互, 约翰·毕比八功能八原型模型是不可或缺的工具。因为它呈现了每种类型的无意识内在对立面, 并用原型情结与之对应。在约翰·毕比的工具的帮助下, 学生可以为自己面向自性之旅的发展画出类型的轨道。. | zh-cn |
pair_34879161 | For Jung, the discovery of type differences represented the beginning of his individuation journey, and his experiential discovery can model the path of learning about psychological type. A course on psychological type can enable individuals to discover empirically Jung's revelations about the psyche if it is structured like the individuation journey itself: beginning with differentiation of the preferred functions, proceeding to the inferior function at the midpoint of the journey, and concluding with an exploration of the unconscious functions. Such a pedagogical method mandates a non-prescriptive approach that empowers students to lead their own learning, an approach expressed by the Taoist concept of wu wei. Psychological Types references wu wei as a means of balancing consciousness and the unconscious. Sometimes Jung's typology is thought to deal only with consciousness, but in fact it represented Jung's own eightfold way into the unconscious. To illustrate the dynamic interaction of conscious and unconscious functions, John Beebe's eight-function eight-archetype model is an indispensable tool, because it illuminates the unconscious opposites inherent in each type and connects them with archetypal complexes. With the aid of Beebe's model, students can plot a typological trajectory of development for their journey to the Self. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Pour Jung, la découverte des différences de types a représenté le début de son voyage d’individuation. Sa découverte expérimentale peut être un modèle pour le chemin d’apprentissage concernant la typologie psychologique. Si une formation sur les types psychologiques est structurée comme le voyage d’individuation lui-même, elle peut permettre aux personnes de découvrir empiriquement les révélations de Jung sur la psyché: commençant par la différentiation des fonctions préférées, passant par la fonction inférieure à mi-parcours, et concluant par une investigation des fonctions inconscientes. Une telle méthode pédagogique requiert une approche non-normative qui autorise les étudiants à diriger leur propre apprentissage, une approche bien représentée par le concept taoïste de wu wei. Types Psychologiques fait référence à wu wei en tant que moyen pour équilibrer la conscience et l’inconscient. Parfois la typologie de Jung est comprise comme s’occupant seulement du conscient, mais elle représente en fait le mouvement en huit volets de Jung vers l’inconscient. Afin d’illustrer l’interaction dynamique des fonctions conscientes et inconscientes, le modèle « huit-fonction huit-archétype » de John Beebe est un outil indispensable, parce qu’il éclaire les opposés inconscients inhérents dans chaque type et les relie aux complexes archétypaux. A l’aide du modèle de Beebe, les étudiants peuvent concevoir une trajectoire typologique du développement pour leur voyage vers le Soi. | fr |
pair_34879161 | For Jung, the discovery of type differences represented the beginning of his individuation journey, and his experiential discovery can model the path of learning about psychological type. A course on psychological type can enable individuals to discover empirically Jung's revelations about the psyche if it is structured like the individuation journey itself: beginning with differentiation of the preferred functions, proceeding to the inferior function at the midpoint of the journey, and concluding with an exploration of the unconscious functions. Such a pedagogical method mandates a non-prescriptive approach that empowers students to lead their own learning, an approach expressed by the Taoist concept of wu wei. Psychological Types references wu wei as a means of balancing consciousness and the unconscious. Sometimes Jung's typology is thought to deal only with consciousness, but in fact it represented Jung's own eightfold way into the unconscious. To illustrate the dynamic interaction of conscious and unconscious functions, John Beebe's eight-function eight-archetype model is an indispensable tool, because it illuminates the unconscious opposites inherent in each type and connects them with archetypal complexes. With the aid of Beebe's model, students can plot a typological trajectory of development for their journey to the Self. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Für Jung bedeutete die Entdeckung der typologischen Unterschiede den Beginn seiner Individuationsreise. Seine experimentelle Entdeckung kann den Weg zu Erfahrungsgewinnen bezüglich des psychologischen Typs weisen. Ein Kursus über psychologische Typen kann es Einzelpersonen ermöglichen, Jungs Enthüllungen über die Psyche empirisch zu entdecken, wenn dieser Kursus wie die Individuationsreise selbst strukturiert ist: beginnend mit der Differenzierung der bevorzugten Funktionen, fortschreitend zur inferioren Funktion in der Mitte der Reise und abschließend mit einer Erforschung der unbewußten Funktionen. Eine solche pädagogische Methode erfordert einen nicht-präskriptiven Ansatz, der es den Lernenden ermöglicht, ihr eigenes Lernen zu bestimmen, ein Ansatz, der im taoistischen Konzept des wu wei Ausdruck findet. Psychologische Typen bezieht sich auf wu wei als ein Mittel zum Ausgleich von Bewußtsein und Unbewußtem. Manchmal wird angenommen, daß sich Jungs Typologie nur mit Bewußtsein befaßt aber tatsächlich repräsentiert sie Jungs eigenen achtfachen Weg in das Unbewußte. Um das dynamische Zusammenspiel von bewußten und unbewußten Funktionen zu veranschaulichen ist das Acht-Funktionen Acht-Archetypen-Modell von John Beebe ein unverzichtbares Werkzeug, denn es beleuchtet die unbewußten Gegensätze, die jedem Typ innewohnen und verbindet sie mit archetypischen Komplexen. Mit Hilfe von Beebes Modell können die Lernenden einen typologischen Entwicklungspfad für ihre Reise zum Selbst entwerfen. | de |
pair_34879161 | For Jung, the discovery of type differences represented the beginning of his individuation journey, and his experiential discovery can model the path of learning about psychological type. A course on psychological type can enable individuals to discover empirically Jung's revelations about the psyche if it is structured like the individuation journey itself: beginning with differentiation of the preferred functions, proceeding to the inferior function at the midpoint of the journey, and concluding with an exploration of the unconscious functions. Such a pedagogical method mandates a non-prescriptive approach that empowers students to lead their own learning, an approach expressed by the Taoist concept of wu wei. Psychological Types references wu wei as a means of balancing consciousness and the unconscious. Sometimes Jung's typology is thought to deal only with consciousness, but in fact it represented Jung's own eightfold way into the unconscious. To illustrate the dynamic interaction of conscious and unconscious functions, John Beebe's eight-function eight-archetype model is an indispensable tool, because it illuminates the unconscious opposites inherent in each type and connects them with archetypal complexes. With the aid of Beebe's model, students can plot a typological trajectory of development for their journey to the Self. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Para Jung, el descubrimiento de las diferencias tipológicas representó el comienzo de su viaje de individuación, y su descubrimiento empírico puede modelar la vía de enseñar tipología. Un curso sobre tipología posibilita a los individuos descubrir empíricamente las revelaciones de Jung sobre la psique, si se estructura como el viaje de individuación, comenzando con la diferenciación de las funciones preferidas, continuando con la función inferior en el punto medio de la travesía, y concluyendo con la exploración de las funciones inconscientes. Semejante método pedagógico exige un abordaje no prescriptivo que empodera a los estudiantes a conducir su propio aprendizaje, un abordaje que se expresa a través del concepto taoísta de wu wei. Tipos Psicológicos hace referencia al wu wei como una vía de balancear procesos conscientes e inconscientes. A veces, se considera que la tipología Junguiana trata solamente con la consciencia, pero de hecho representa las ocho vías de acceso al inconsciente de acuerdo con Jung. Para ilustrar la interacción dinámica de las funciones conscientes e inconscientes, el modelo de ocho funciones, ocho arquetipos de John Beebe, es un instrumento indispensable, porque ilumina los opuestos inconscientes inherentes a cada tipo y los conecta con los complejos arquetipales. Con la ayuda del modelo de Beebe, las/los estudiantes pueden diagramar una trayectoria tipológica de desarrollo para su viaje hacia el Sí Mismo. | es |
pair_34879161 | For Jung, the discovery of type differences represented the beginning of his individuation journey, and his experiential discovery can model the path of learning about psychological type. A course on psychological type can enable individuals to discover empirically Jung's revelations about the psyche if it is structured like the individuation journey itself: beginning with differentiation of the preferred functions, proceeding to the inferior function at the midpoint of the journey, and concluding with an exploration of the unconscious functions. Such a pedagogical method mandates a non-prescriptive approach that empowers students to lead their own learning, an approach expressed by the Taoist concept of wu wei. Psychological Types references wu wei as a means of balancing consciousness and the unconscious. Sometimes Jung's typology is thought to deal only with consciousness, but in fact it represented Jung's own eightfold way into the unconscious. To illustrate the dynamic interaction of conscious and unconscious functions, John Beebe's eight-function eight-archetype model is an indispensable tool, because it illuminates the unconscious opposites inherent in each type and connects them with archetypal complexes. With the aid of Beebe's model, students can plot a typological trajectory of development for their journey to the Self. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Для Юнга открытие типологических различий ознаменовало начало индивидуации, его находки на этом пути могут сформировать модель изучения психологических типов. Учебный курс по психологическим типам может помочь людям эмпирически познакомиться с идеями Юнга, если этот курс структурировать как само путешествие индивидуации: начиная с дифференциации высших функций, переходя к низшей в середине пути, и завершая исследованием бессознательных функций. Такой педагогический метод требует недогматического подхода, который позволяет студентам самим руководить своим обучением. Этот подход выражен даосской концепцией У-вэй. В «Психологических типах» есть ссылка на У-вэй как на средство уравновешивания сознания и бессознательного. Иногда типологию Юнга понимают как только относящуюся к сознанию, в действительности это восьмеричный путь Юнга к бессознательному. Чтобы показать динамическое взаимодействие сознательных и бессознательных функций, модель Джона Биби с восемью функциями и восемью архетипами является незаменимым инструментом, поскольку она освещает бессознательные противоположности, присущие каждому типу и связывает их с архетипическими комплексами. С помощью модели Биби студенты могут выстроить типологическую траекторию развития своего пути к Самости. | ru |
pair_34879162 | Expanding on Jung's use of the role of the superior and inferior functions, Angelo Spoto advances a new typological model based on 'whole type' that utilizes a typological perspective on the archetypal Self. In this new model four cognitive modes taking superior positions are developed in the first half of life and four cognitive modes taking inferior positions are encountered in the second half of life. This model indicates that type development and type dynamics take place through the holding of the tension of opposites between superior and inferior functions, helped by the transcendent function operating differently in the first and second halves of life. Specifically, in the first half of life, the transcendent function produces a tertium that moves typological development along to consolidate an ego-pattern. In the second half of life, the transcendent function takes the individual into encounters having to do with an appreciation of sacrifice, transformation, and symbol-making, as the personality advances towards a greater awareness of wholeness, by way of the inferiors. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Espandendo l’uso di Jung del ruolo delle funzioni superiori e inferiori, Angelo Spoto avanza un nuovo modello tipologico basato sul ‘tipo intero’ che utilizza una prospettiva tipologica sul Sé archetipico. In questo nuovo modello sono sviluppate quattro modalità cognitive che assumono posizioni superiori nella prima metà della vita e quattro modalità cognitive che assumono posizioni inferiori si riscontrano nella seconda metà della vita. Questo modello indica che lo sviluppo e la dinamica del tipo avvengono attraverso il mantenimento della tensione degli opposti tra funzioni superiori e inferiori, aiutate dalla funzione trascendente che opera diversamente nella prima e nella seconda metà della vita. Nello specifico, nella prima metà della vita, la funzione trascendente produce un tertium che muove lo sviluppo tipologico per consolidare un pattern dell'Io. Nella seconda metà della vita, la funzione trascendente porta l’individuo verso incontri che hanno a che fare con la possibilità di apprezzare il sacrificio, con la trasformazione e con la creazione di simboli, mentre la personalità avanza verso una maggiore consapevolezza della totalità attraverso ciò che è inferiore. | it |
pair_34879162 | Expanding on Jung's use of the role of the superior and inferior functions, Angelo Spoto advances a new typological model based on 'whole type' that utilizes a typological perspective on the archetypal Self. In this new model four cognitive modes taking superior positions are developed in the first half of life and four cognitive modes taking inferior positions are encountered in the second half of life. This model indicates that type development and type dynamics take place through the holding of the tension of opposites between superior and inferior functions, helped by the transcendent function operating differently in the first and second halves of life. Specifically, in the first half of life, the transcendent function produces a tertium that moves typological development along to consolidate an ego-pattern. In the second half of life, the transcendent function takes the individual into encounters having to do with an appreciation of sacrifice, transformation, and symbol-making, as the personality advances towards a greater awareness of wholeness, by way of the inferiors. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | 体验完整类型:生活在原型的自性里 Angelo Spoto 在荣格关于优势和劣势功能角色的使用的基础上有进行了扩展, 提出新的类型模型, 这一模型基于“完整类型”, 这一模型是从原型性的自性角度出发的类型视角。这个新模型中, 在前半生中, 人们会发展四个处于优势位置的认知模式, 而在人生后半生则会邂逅四个处于劣势位置的认知模式。这一模式显示, 类型发展和类型动力的发生, 是通过优势和劣势功能间对立的压力来实现的, 超越功能可以助长这一过程, 它在前半生和后半生以不同的方式运作。在前半生, 超越功能促成了第三物的形成, 从而推动类型的发展, 并顺着这个方向构筑出稳固的自我模式。在后半生, 超越功能带领个体所邂逅的, 是那些与牺牲、转化、制作象征有关的偏好, 从而让个体透过劣势功能, 进阶到更大的完整的意识。. | zh-cn |
pair_34879162 | Expanding on Jung's use of the role of the superior and inferior functions, Angelo Spoto advances a new typological model based on 'whole type' that utilizes a typological perspective on the archetypal Self. In this new model four cognitive modes taking superior positions are developed in the first half of life and four cognitive modes taking inferior positions are encountered in the second half of life. This model indicates that type development and type dynamics take place through the holding of the tension of opposites between superior and inferior functions, helped by the transcendent function operating differently in the first and second halves of life. Specifically, in the first half of life, the transcendent function produces a tertium that moves typological development along to consolidate an ego-pattern. In the second half of life, the transcendent function takes the individual into encounters having to do with an appreciation of sacrifice, transformation, and symbol-making, as the personality advances towards a greater awareness of wholeness, by way of the inferiors. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Elargissant l’utilisation que fait Jung du rôle des fonctions supérieures et inférieures, Angelo Spoto propose un nouveau modèle typologique basé sur la totalité du type, qui utilise une perspective typologique du Soi archétypal. Dans ce nouveau modèle quatre modes cognitifs prenant des positions supérieures sont développés dans la première moitié de la vie et quatre modes cognitifs prenant des positions inférieures sont rencontrés dans la deuxième moitié de la vie. Ce modèle montre que le développement et les dynamiques de la typologie se font en soutenant la tension des opposés entre les fonctions supérieures et inférieures. Ceci est aidé par la fonction transcendante qui fonctionne différemment dans la première moitié de la vie et dans la seconde. Précisément, dans la première moitié de la vie, la fonction transcendante produit un tertium qui fait avancer le développement typologique afin de consolider un schéma de l’égo. Dans la seconde moitié de la vie, la fonction transcendante amène l’individu à des confrontions en rapport avec la valeur du sacrifice, la transformation, et l’élaboration de symboles, tandis que la personnalité chemine vers une conscience plus grande de la totalité, par le soutien des inférieures. | fr |
pair_34879162 | Expanding on Jung's use of the role of the superior and inferior functions, Angelo Spoto advances a new typological model based on 'whole type' that utilizes a typological perspective on the archetypal Self. In this new model four cognitive modes taking superior positions are developed in the first half of life and four cognitive modes taking inferior positions are encountered in the second half of life. This model indicates that type development and type dynamics take place through the holding of the tension of opposites between superior and inferior functions, helped by the transcendent function operating differently in the first and second halves of life. Specifically, in the first half of life, the transcendent function produces a tertium that moves typological development along to consolidate an ego-pattern. In the second half of life, the transcendent function takes the individual into encounters having to do with an appreciation of sacrifice, transformation, and symbol-making, as the personality advances towards a greater awareness of wholeness, by way of the inferiors. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | In Erweiterung von Jungs Verwendung der Rolle der superioren und inferioren Funktionen entwickelt Angelo Spoto ein neues typologisches Modell, das auf dem ‘ganzheitlichen Typus’ basiert und eine typologische Perspektive auf das archetypische Selbst nutzbar macht. In diesem neuen Modell werden vier kognitive Modi entwickelt, die superiore Positionen in der ersten Lebenshälfte einnehmen und vier kognitive Modi, die inferiore Positionen einnehmen, werden in der zweiten Lebenshälfte erfahrbar. Dieses Modell weist darauf hin, daß Typentwicklung und Typendynamik durch das Halten der Spannung der Gegensätze zwischen superioren und inferioren Funktionen stattfinden, unterstützt durch die transzendente Funktion, die in der ersten und zweiten Lebenshälfte unterschiedlich funktioniert. Insbesondere in der ersten Lebenshälfte erzeugt die transzendente Funktion ein tertium, das die typologische Entwicklung vorantreibt, um ein Ego-Muster zu festigen. In der zweiten Lebenshälfte führt die transzendente Funktion das Individuum über die Inferiorien zu Erfahrungen, die mit der Wertschätzung von Opfer, Transformation und Symbolbildung zu tun haben, während die Persönlichkeit zu einem größeren Bewußtsein der Ganzheit vordringt. | de |
pair_34879162 | Expanding on Jung's use of the role of the superior and inferior functions, Angelo Spoto advances a new typological model based on 'whole type' that utilizes a typological perspective on the archetypal Self. In this new model four cognitive modes taking superior positions are developed in the first half of life and four cognitive modes taking inferior positions are encountered in the second half of life. This model indicates that type development and type dynamics take place through the holding of the tension of opposites between superior and inferior functions, helped by the transcendent function operating differently in the first and second halves of life. Specifically, in the first half of life, the transcendent function produces a tertium that moves typological development along to consolidate an ego-pattern. In the second half of life, the transcendent function takes the individual into encounters having to do with an appreciation of sacrifice, transformation, and symbol-making, as the personality advances towards a greater awareness of wholeness, by way of the inferiors. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Expandiendo sobre la base del uso de la función superior e inferior propuesta por Jung, Angelo Spoto ofrece un nuevo modelo tipológico basado en el ‘tipo de la totalidad’ utilizando una perspectiva tipológica en el Self arquetipal. En este nuevo modelo, cuatro modalidades cognitivas que adquieren una posición superior se desarrollan en la primera mitad de la vida, y cuatro modalidades cognitivas que adquieren posiciones inferiores son encontradas en la segunda mitad de la vida. Este modelo indica que el desarrollo y las dinámicas tipológicas tienen lugar a través del sostener la tensión entre opuestos entre las funciones superiores e inferiores, con la ayuda de la función trascendente operando de manera diferente en la primera y segunda mitad de la vida. Específicamente, en la primera mitad, la función trascendente produce un tertium que moviliza el desarrollo tipológico hacia la consolidación de un patrón egoico. En la segunda mitad de la vida, la función trascendente, conduce al individuo al encuentro con la apreciación del sacrificio, la transformación y la creación de símbolos, a medida que la personalidad se acerca a una percepción mayor de la totalidad, por medio de las funciones inferiores. | es |
pair_34879162 | Expanding on Jung's use of the role of the superior and inferior functions, Angelo Spoto advances a new typological model based on 'whole type' that utilizes a typological perspective on the archetypal Self. In this new model four cognitive modes taking superior positions are developed in the first half of life and four cognitive modes taking inferior positions are encountered in the second half of life. This model indicates that type development and type dynamics take place through the holding of the tension of opposites between superior and inferior functions, helped by the transcendent function operating differently in the first and second halves of life. Specifically, in the first half of life, the transcendent function produces a tertium that moves typological development along to consolidate an ego-pattern. In the second half of life, the transcendent function takes the individual into encounters having to do with an appreciation of sacrifice, transformation, and symbol-making, as the personality advances towards a greater awareness of wholeness, by way of the inferiors. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Расширяя представления Юнга о роли высшей и низшей функции, Анхело Спото продвигает новую типологическую модель, основанную на «целостном типе», которая использует типологическую перспективу архетипической Самости. В этой новой модели 4 когнитивных модуса, занимающих ведущее положение, развиваются в первой половине жизни, а 4 когнитивных модуса, занимающих подчиненное положение, - во второй. Модель показывает, что типологическое развитие и динамика происходят через удержание напряжения противоположностей, возникающего между высшими и низшими функциями, чему способствует трансцендентная функция, действующая по-разному в первой и второй половинах жизни. В частности, в первой половине жизни производит tertium, которая продвигает развитие по пути консолидации эго. Во второй половине жизни трансцендентная функция вовлекает человека во встречи, связанные с признанием жертвенности, трансформации и создания символов по мере того, как низшие функции продвигают личность к большему осознанию целостности. | ru |
pair_34879163 | This article defines and explains type development across the lifespan and summarizes what other researchers have presented as a reference. A timeline for development is identified, and ways to differentiate development of a function from the development of other personality characteristics are described. Type development is about the dispersion of energy from an unconscious level to a managed conscious level. This development occurs in a spiral pattern, so development of each function occurs repeatedly but at higher levels of use and understanding each time. Although the dominant function develops most because of its innate drive to be the lead, each function can develop throughout the lifespan. The relative energy associated with each function always exists. When the energy is in the unconscious, it drives behavioural responses, but these are not within the individual's control. The ideal is to develop the conscious awareness of each of the functions so each can be consciously used as needed to match a situation. Because development of the functions is essential, this article examines potential interferences with development and then offers some suggestions for ways to promote developmental opportunities. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Questo articolo definisce e spiega lo sviluppo del tipo nel corso della vita e riassume ciò che altri ricercatori hanno presentato come riferimento. Viene identificata una linea temporale per lo sviluppo, e vengono descritti i modi per differenziare lo sviluppo di una funzione dallo sviluppo di altre caratteristiche della personalità. Lo sviluppo del tipo riguarda la dispersione di energia da un livello inconscio a un livello conscio. Questo sviluppo si realizza secondo un modello a spirale, quindi lo sviluppo di ogni funzione si verifica ripetutamente ma ogni volta a livelli più elevati di utilizzo e comprensione. Sebbene la funzione dominante si sviluppi maggiormente a causa della sua innata spinta ad essere la protagonista, ogni funzione può svilupparsi nel corso della vita. L’energia relativa associata a ciascuna funzione esiste sempre. Quando l’energia è nell’inconscio, guida le risposte comportamentali, ma queste non sono sotto il controllo dell’individuo. L’ideale è sviluppare la consapevolezza di ciascuna delle funzioni in modo che ognuna possa essere utilizzata consapevolmente all’occorrenza per adattarsi ad una situazione. Poiché lo sviluppo delle funzioni è essenziale, questo articolo esamina le potenziali interferenze con lo sviluppo e successivamente offre alcuni suggerimenti su come promuovere le opportunità di sviluppo. | it |
pair_34879163 | This article defines and explains type development across the lifespan and summarizes what other researchers have presented as a reference. A timeline for development is identified, and ways to differentiate development of a function from the development of other personality characteristics are described. Type development is about the dispersion of energy from an unconscious level to a managed conscious level. This development occurs in a spiral pattern, so development of each function occurs repeatedly but at higher levels of use and understanding each time. Although the dominant function develops most because of its innate drive to be the lead, each function can develop throughout the lifespan. The relative energy associated with each function always exists. When the energy is in the unconscious, it drives behavioural responses, but these are not within the individual's control. The ideal is to develop the conscious awareness of each of the functions so each can be consciously used as needed to match a situation. Because development of the functions is essential, this article examines potential interferences with development and then offers some suggestions for ways to promote developmental opportunities. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | 本文对类型的人生发展进行了定义和解释, 并对其他研究者的论述进行了总结, 以作为参考。文章明确了发展的时间线, 并描述了某个功能的发展与其它人格特征发展的区别。类型的发展是能量从无意识水平散布到可控的意识水平的过程。这一发展呈螺旋模式, 所以每个功能的发展都是往复的, 但每一次的重复都呈现更高水平的运用和理解。虽然主导的功能的发展最好, 而这获益于先天的成为主导的驱力, 但每个功能都可以在人生历程中得到发展。与每个功能相关联的能量总是存在的。当这一能量是在无意识中的时, 它会驱动行为上的反应, 但它们不受个人的控制。理想的情况是发展对每个功能的意识化觉察, 于是, 每个功能都可以被有意识地按照情境的需求来被使用。由于发展功能是重要的, 所以文章探讨了可以促进其发展的可能性干预, 并建议了一些方法来提高发展的机会。. | zh-cn |
pair_34879163 | This article defines and explains type development across the lifespan and summarizes what other researchers have presented as a reference. A timeline for development is identified, and ways to differentiate development of a function from the development of other personality characteristics are described. Type development is about the dispersion of energy from an unconscious level to a managed conscious level. This development occurs in a spiral pattern, so development of each function occurs repeatedly but at higher levels of use and understanding each time. Although the dominant function develops most because of its innate drive to be the lead, each function can develop throughout the lifespan. The relative energy associated with each function always exists. When the energy is in the unconscious, it drives behavioural responses, but these are not within the individual's control. The ideal is to develop the conscious awareness of each of the functions so each can be consciously used as needed to match a situation. Because development of the functions is essential, this article examines potential interferences with development and then offers some suggestions for ways to promote developmental opportunities. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Cet article définit et explique le développement de la typologie au cours de la vie et résume ce que les autres chercheurs ont présenté sur ce sujet. Une chronologie du développement est identifiée, et des manières de différencier le développement d’une fonction du développement d’autres caractéristiques de la personnalité sont décrites. Le développement du type concerne la dispersion d’énergie à partir d’un niveau inconscient vers un niveau conscient et dirigé. Ce développement se produit dans un mouvement en spirale. Ainsi, le développement de chaque fonction se produit à plusieurs reprises mais à chaque fois à des niveaux plus élevés d’utilisation et de compréhension. Bien que la fonction dominante se développe plus du fait de sa pulsion innée d’être en première position, chaque fonction peut se développer tout au long de la vie. L’énergie relative associée à chaque fonction existe toujours. Quand l’énergie est dans l’inconscient, cela conduit à des réponses comportementales, mais celles-ci ne sont pas sous le contrôle de la personne. L’idéal est de développer la prise de conscience concernant chaque fonction afin que chacune puisse être utilisée consciemment selon les besoins de telle ou telle situation. Parce que le développement des fonctions est essentiel, cet article s’intéresse aux blocages potentiels dans le développement et offre ensuite quelques suggestions concernant les manières de soutenir les opportunités développementales. | fr |
pair_34879163 | This article defines and explains type development across the lifespan and summarizes what other researchers have presented as a reference. A timeline for development is identified, and ways to differentiate development of a function from the development of other personality characteristics are described. Type development is about the dispersion of energy from an unconscious level to a managed conscious level. This development occurs in a spiral pattern, so development of each function occurs repeatedly but at higher levels of use and understanding each time. Although the dominant function develops most because of its innate drive to be the lead, each function can develop throughout the lifespan. The relative energy associated with each function always exists. When the energy is in the unconscious, it drives behavioural responses, but these are not within the individual's control. The ideal is to develop the conscious awareness of each of the functions so each can be consciously used as needed to match a situation. Because development of the functions is essential, this article examines potential interferences with development and then offers some suggestions for ways to promote developmental opportunities. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Dieser Artikel definiert und erklärt die Typenentwicklung während des Lebens und faßt zusammen, was andere Forscher als Bezugspunkte vorgestellt haben. Es wird ein Zeitplan für die Entwicklung identifiziert und es werden Möglichkeiten beschrieben, die Entwicklung einer Funktion von der Entwicklung anderer Persönlichkeitsmerkmale zu unterscheiden. Bei der Typenentwicklung geht es um die Verteilung von Energie von einer unbewußten Ebene auf eine kontrollierte bewußte Ebene. Diese Entwicklung erfolgt in einem spiralförmigen Muster, sodaß die Entwicklung jeder Funktion wiederholt erfolgt, jedoch jedes Mal auf einer höheren Ebene des Gebrauchs und des Verständnisses. Obgleich sich die dominante Funktion aufgrund ihres ihr innewohnenden Dranges am stärksten dahin entwickelt, die Führung zu übernehmen, kann sich jede Funktion während der gesamten Lebenszeit entwickeln. Die mit jeder Funktion verbundene relative Energie existiert immer. Wenn sich die Energie im Unbewußten befindet, treibt sie Verhaltensreaktionen an, die jedoch nicht der Kontrolle des Individuums unterliegen. Das Ideal besteht darin, ein bewußtes Gewahrsein jeder der Funktionen zu entwickeln, damit jede, je nach Bedarf, bewußt verwendet werden kann, um einer Situation gerecht zu werden. Da die Weiterentwicklung der Funktionen unabdingbar ist, untersucht dieser Artikel mögliche Entwicklungsstörungen und bietet anschließend einige Vorschläge zur Förderung von Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten. | de |
pair_34879163 | This article defines and explains type development across the lifespan and summarizes what other researchers have presented as a reference. A timeline for development is identified, and ways to differentiate development of a function from the development of other personality characteristics are described. Type development is about the dispersion of energy from an unconscious level to a managed conscious level. This development occurs in a spiral pattern, so development of each function occurs repeatedly but at higher levels of use and understanding each time. Although the dominant function develops most because of its innate drive to be the lead, each function can develop throughout the lifespan. The relative energy associated with each function always exists. When the energy is in the unconscious, it drives behavioural responses, but these are not within the individual's control. The ideal is to develop the conscious awareness of each of the functions so each can be consciously used as needed to match a situation. Because development of the functions is essential, this article examines potential interferences with development and then offers some suggestions for ways to promote developmental opportunities. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | El presente artículo define y explica el desarrollo de la tipología a lo largo de la vida y presenta una síntesis de lo expuesto por otras investigaciones. Se identifica una línea de tiempo para el desarrollo, y se describen modos de diferenciar el desarrollo de una función, del desarrollo de otras características de la personalidad. El desarrollo de la tipología da cuenta de la dispersión de energía desde un nivel inconsciente a un logrado nivel consciente. Este desarrollo ocurre en un patrón espiralado, de este modo el desarrollo de cada función sucede repetidamente, pero a niveles superiores de uso y comprensión cada vez. Si bien la función dominante tiene un mayor desarrollo debido a su tendencia innata a ser la que lidera, cada función puede desarrollarse a lo largo de la vida. La energía relativa asociada con cada función siempre existe. Cuando la energía está en el inconsciente, genera respuestas conductuales, que no están bajo el control del individuo. Lo ideal es desarrollar una percepción consciente de cada función, así cada una puede ser conscientemente utilizada a medida que es necesaria para responder a una situación. El desarrollo de las funciones es esencial, por lo cual, este artículo examina las interferencias potenciales en el desarrollo y luego ofrece algunas sugerencias para promover oportunidades para su desarrollo. | es |
pair_34879163 | This article defines and explains type development across the lifespan and summarizes what other researchers have presented as a reference. A timeline for development is identified, and ways to differentiate development of a function from the development of other personality characteristics are described. Type development is about the dispersion of energy from an unconscious level to a managed conscious level. This development occurs in a spiral pattern, so development of each function occurs repeatedly but at higher levels of use and understanding each time. Although the dominant function develops most because of its innate drive to be the lead, each function can develop throughout the lifespan. The relative energy associated with each function always exists. When the energy is in the unconscious, it drives behavioural responses, but these are not within the individual's control. The ideal is to develop the conscious awareness of each of the functions so each can be consciously used as needed to match a situation. Because development of the functions is essential, this article examines potential interferences with development and then offers some suggestions for ways to promote developmental opportunities. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | В статье определяется и объясняется развитие типа в течение жизни. Представлен обзор других исследований. Обозначена временная линия развития, описаны способы дифференциации развития функции от развития других характеристик личности. Развитие типа можно охарактеризовать как переход энергии с бессознательного уровня на управляемый сознательный уровень. Это развитие происходит по спирали, поэтому развитие каждой функции происходит многократно, но каждый раз на более высоких уровнях использования и понимания. Хотя доминирующая функция развивается больше всего из-за врожденной склонности быть ведущей, каждая функция может развиваться на протяжении всей жизни. Всегда существует относительная энергия, связанная с каждой функцией. Когда энергия находится в бессознательном, она определяет поведенческие реакции, которые оказываются вне контроля человека. В идеале необходимо развивать осознанное понимание каждой функции, чтобы каждую из них можно было использовать сознательно по мере необходимости и в соответствии с ситуацией. Поскольку развитие функцией имеет основополагающее значение, в статье исследуются возможные препятствия на пути этого развития, а также предлагаются некоторые пути и методы, способствующие развитию. | ru |
pair_34879164 | As analytical psychology in China develops, especially with the China Society for Analytical Psychology approved for membership in the International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP), many Chinese, who are already familiar with MBTI®-based personality testing in corporations, are interested in learning more about Jungian theory and practice with regard to psychological types. The author, a Chinese psychologist, emphasizes current problems standing in the way of this development, such as the common opinion that MBTI is equal to psychological types. He reports his recent research that highlights the present understanding of psychological types within China. Noting that Jung combined two attitudes with four functions to form eight function-attitudes of consciousness, the author explores the possible connection between Jung's eightfold system and the eight trigrams that organize the wisdom that the I Ching brings to emergent situations requiring exceptionally conscious decision-making. He compares I Ching translator Richard Wilhelm's naming and description of these eight Gua with Jungian analyst John Beebe's descriptions of the eight function-attitudes and finds striking parallels. This amplification sheds light on the archetypal nature of psychological consciousness as well upon the typology of it that Jung advanced. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Con lo sviluppo della psicologia analitica in Cina, in particolare con la China Society of Jungian Analysts approvata per l'ingresso nell'International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP), molti cinesi, che hanno già familiarità con i test della personalità basati sul MBTI® nelle aziende, sono interessati a saperne di più sulla teoria e sulla pratica junghiana per quanto riguarda i tipi psicologici. L'Autore, uno psicologo cinese, sottolinea i problemi attuali che ostacolano questo sviluppo, come l'opinione comune che il MBTI sia uguale ai tipi psicologici. Egli riporta la sua recente ricerca che mette in evidenza l'attuale comprensione dei tipi psicologici all'interno della Cina. Osservando che Jung ha combinato due tipi con quattro funzioni per formare otto funzioni-tipi della coscienza, l’Autore esplora la possibile connessione tra l’ottuplice sistema di Jung e gli otto trigrammi che organizzano la saggezza che I Ching indica rispetto a situazioni emergenti che richiedono un processo decisionale particolarmente consapevole. L’Autore confronta la denominazione e la descrizione di questi otto Gua del traduttore di I Ching Richard Wilhelm, con le descrizioni delle otto funzioni-tipi dell’analista junghiano John Beebe e trova sorprendenti paralleli. Questa amplificazione getta luce sulla natura archetipica della coscienza psicologica e sulla tipologia sua come proposta da Jung. | it |
pair_34879164 | As analytical psychology in China develops, especially with the China Society for Analytical Psychology approved for membership in the International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP), many Chinese, who are already familiar with MBTI®-based personality testing in corporations, are interested in learning more about Jungian theory and practice with regard to psychological types. The author, a Chinese psychologist, emphasizes current problems standing in the way of this development, such as the common opinion that MBTI is equal to psychological types. He reports his recent research that highlights the present understanding of psychological types within China. Noting that Jung combined two attitudes with four functions to form eight function-attitudes of consciousness, the author explores the possible connection between Jung's eightfold system and the eight trigrams that organize the wisdom that the I Ching brings to emergent situations requiring exceptionally conscious decision-making. He compares I Ching translator Richard Wilhelm's naming and description of these eight Gua with Jungian analyst John Beebe's descriptions of the eight function-attitudes and finds striking parallels. This amplification sheds light on the archetypal nature of psychological consciousness as well upon the typology of it that Jung advanced. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | 心理类型理论在中国的现状及文化背景探索 随着分析心理学在中国的发展, 特别是国际分析心理学会中国学会的成立, 许多已经熟悉企业中基于MBTI性格测试的中国人, 有兴趣学习更多关于心理学类型的荣格理论和实践。作者是一位中国心理学家, 他强调了目前阻碍这一发展的问题, 比如人们普遍认为MBTI等同于心理类型。他报告了他最近的研究, 尤其是目前在中国对心理类型的理解。注意到荣格将两种态度类型与四种功能类型组合形成意识的八种功能态度类型, 作者探讨了荣格的八种意识类型与易经八卦 (在紧急情况需要特别的意识决策, 八卦即此种智慧的呈现)之间的可能关联。他将《易经》翻译家威廉·维尔海姆对八卦的命名和描述与荣格分析家约翰·毕比对意识八种功能态度的描述进行了比较, 发现了惊人的相似之处。这种扩充揭示了心理意识的原型本质以及荣格提出的意识类型理论。. | zh-cn |
pair_34879164 | As analytical psychology in China develops, especially with the China Society for Analytical Psychology approved for membership in the International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP), many Chinese, who are already familiar with MBTI®-based personality testing in corporations, are interested in learning more about Jungian theory and practice with regard to psychological types. The author, a Chinese psychologist, emphasizes current problems standing in the way of this development, such as the common opinion that MBTI is equal to psychological types. He reports his recent research that highlights the present understanding of psychological types within China. Noting that Jung combined two attitudes with four functions to form eight function-attitudes of consciousness, the author explores the possible connection between Jung's eightfold system and the eight trigrams that organize the wisdom that the I Ching brings to emergent situations requiring exceptionally conscious decision-making. He compares I Ching translator Richard Wilhelm's naming and description of these eight Gua with Jungian analyst John Beebe's descriptions of the eight function-attitudes and finds striking parallels. This amplification sheds light on the archetypal nature of psychological consciousness as well upon the typology of it that Jung advanced. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Maintenant que la psychologie analytique se développe en Chine, particulièrement avec la Société Chinoise des Analystes Jungiens, reconnue par l’Association Internationale de Psychologie Analytique (AIPA), beaucoup de Chinois - étant déjà familiarisés avec l’évaluation de la personnalité dans les entreprises par le test MBTI - cherchent à en savoir plus sur les types psychologiques en théorie et en pratique. L’auteur, un psychologue chinois, évoque les problèmes actuels qui rendent ce développement difficile, par exemple l’opinion répandue que le MBTI est équivalent aux types psychologiques de Jung. L’auteur rend compte de ses recherches récentes en Chine sur la compréhension actuelle des types psychologiques. Soulignant que Jung a combiné deux attitudes avec quatre fonctions formant huit fonction-attitudes de la conscience, il explore le lien possible entre le système à huit parties de Jung et les huit trigrammes qui ordonnent la sagesse que le Yi King apporte à des situations naissantes et qui requièrent un processus de décision particulièrement conscient. Il compare la manière dont le traducteur du Yi King Richard Wilhelm nomme et décrit les huit Gua avec les descriptions par l’analyste Jungien John Beebe des huit fonction-attitudes et il trouve des parallèles frappants. Cette amplification éclaire la nature archétypale de la conscience psychologique et de sa typologie telle que Jung l’a conçue. | fr |
pair_34879164 | As analytical psychology in China develops, especially with the China Society for Analytical Psychology approved for membership in the International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP), many Chinese, who are already familiar with MBTI®-based personality testing in corporations, are interested in learning more about Jungian theory and practice with regard to psychological types. The author, a Chinese psychologist, emphasizes current problems standing in the way of this development, such as the common opinion that MBTI is equal to psychological types. He reports his recent research that highlights the present understanding of psychological types within China. Noting that Jung combined two attitudes with four functions to form eight function-attitudes of consciousness, the author explores the possible connection between Jung's eightfold system and the eight trigrams that organize the wisdom that the I Ching brings to emergent situations requiring exceptionally conscious decision-making. He compares I Ching translator Richard Wilhelm's naming and description of these eight Gua with Jungian analyst John Beebe's descriptions of the eight function-attitudes and finds striking parallels. This amplification sheds light on the archetypal nature of psychological consciousness as well upon the typology of it that Jung advanced. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Mit der Entwicklung der Analytischen Psychologie in China, insbesondere durch die Anerkennung der China Society of Jungian Analysts als Mitglied der International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP), sind viele Chinesen, die bereits mit MBTI®-basierten Persönlichkeitstests in Unternehmen vertraut sind, daran interessiert, mehr über Jungianische Theorie und Praxis in Bezug auf psychologische Typen zu lernen. Der Autor, ein chinesischer Psychologe, hebt aktuelle Probleme hervor, die dieser Entwicklung im Wege stehen, wie die verbreitete Meinung, daß MBTI psychologischen Typen gleichgestellt ist. Er berichtet über seine jüngsten Forschungen, die das gegenwärtige Verständnis von psychologischen Typen in China beleuchten. Anmerkend, daß Jung zwei Einstellungen mit vier Funktionen kombinierte, um acht Funktions-Einstellungen des Bewußtseins zu bilden, untersucht der Autor die mögliche Verbindung zwischen Jungs achtfachem System und den acht Trigrammen, die die Weisheit organisieren, die das I Ging in entstehende Situationen bringt, die außergewöhnliches bewußtes Entscheiden erfordern. Er vergleicht die Benennung und Beschreibung dieser acht Gua durch den I Ging-Übersetzer Richard Wilhelm mit den Beschreibungen der acht Funktionseinstellungen durch den Jungianischen Analytiker John Beebe und findet auffallende Parallelen. Diese Amplifikation wirft ein Licht auf die archetypische Natur des psychologischen Bewußtseins sowie auf die von Jung entwickelte Typologie. | de |
pair_34879164 | As analytical psychology in China develops, especially with the China Society for Analytical Psychology approved for membership in the International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP), many Chinese, who are already familiar with MBTI®-based personality testing in corporations, are interested in learning more about Jungian theory and practice with regard to psychological types. The author, a Chinese psychologist, emphasizes current problems standing in the way of this development, such as the common opinion that MBTI is equal to psychological types. He reports his recent research that highlights the present understanding of psychological types within China. Noting that Jung combined two attitudes with four functions to form eight function-attitudes of consciousness, the author explores the possible connection between Jung's eightfold system and the eight trigrams that organize the wisdom that the I Ching brings to emergent situations requiring exceptionally conscious decision-making. He compares I Ching translator Richard Wilhelm's naming and description of these eight Gua with Jungian analyst John Beebe's descriptions of the eight function-attitudes and finds striking parallels. This amplification sheds light on the archetypal nature of psychological consciousness as well upon the typology of it that Jung advanced. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | A medida que la psicología analítica se ha desarrollado en China, especialmente con la Sociedad China de Analistas Junguianos aprobada por la Asociación Internacional de Psicología Analítica (IAAP), muchas personas de China, quienes ya estaban familiarizadas con el test de personalidad MBTI® aplicado en corporaciones, se interesaron en aprender más sobre la teoría y práctica Junguiana con relación a los tipos psicológicos. El autor, psicólogo chino, enfatiza los problemas actuales que se interponen en este desarrollo, como la opinión común que sostiene que MBTI es lo mismo que los tipos psicológicos. El autor presenta su investigación reciente, la cual destaca la comprensión actual sobre tipos psicológicos en China. Observando que Jung combinó dos actitudes con cuatro funciones para formar ocho funciones-actitudes de la consciencia, el autor explora la posible conexión entre el sistema óctuple de Jung y los ocho trigramas que organizan la sabiduría que el I Ching brinda a las situaciones emergentes que requieren excepcionalmente una toma de decisión consciente. El autor compara las denominaciones y descripciones de los ocho Gua de Richard Wilhelm, traductor del I Ching, con las descripciones de las ocho funciones-actitudes descriptas por John Beebe, y encuentra notables paralelismos. Esta amplificación ilumina la naturaleza arquetipal de la consciencia psicológica, así como la de su tipología, que Jung desarrolló. | es |
pair_34879164 | As analytical psychology in China develops, especially with the China Society for Analytical Psychology approved for membership in the International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP), many Chinese, who are already familiar with MBTI®-based personality testing in corporations, are interested in learning more about Jungian theory and practice with regard to psychological types. The author, a Chinese psychologist, emphasizes current problems standing in the way of this development, such as the common opinion that MBTI is equal to psychological types. He reports his recent research that highlights the present understanding of psychological types within China. Noting that Jung combined two attitudes with four functions to form eight function-attitudes of consciousness, the author explores the possible connection between Jung's eightfold system and the eight trigrams that organize the wisdom that the I Ching brings to emergent situations requiring exceptionally conscious decision-making. He compares I Ching translator Richard Wilhelm's naming and description of these eight Gua with Jungian analyst John Beebe's descriptions of the eight function-attitudes and finds striking parallels. This amplification sheds light on the archetypal nature of psychological consciousness as well upon the typology of it that Jung advanced. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | По мере развития аналитической психологии в Китае, особенно после получения Китайским обществом юнгианских аналитиков статуса члена IAAP, многие китайцы, в частности те, кто уже знаком с опросником Майерс-Бриггс в корпорациях, заинтересовались теорией Юнга и практикой использования психологических типов. Автор, будучи китайским психологом, подчеркивает текущие проблемы, стоящие на пути этого развития, например, распространенное мнение, что опросник Майерс-Бриггс (MBTI) приравнивается к психологическим типам. Он приводит данные своего недавнего исследования, в котором выделено современное понимание психологических типов в Китае. Принимая во внимание, что Юнг сочетал две установки с четырьмя функциями, чтобы сформировать восемь функций-установок сознания, автор исследует возможную связь между восьмеричной системой Юнга и восьмью триграммами, образующими мудрость, которую И Цзин привносит в возникающие ситуации, требующие исключительно осознанного принятия решений. Он сравнивает название и описание этих восьми гуа переводчиком И Цзин Ричардом Вильгельмом с описанием восьми типов, предложенным юнгианским аналитиком Джоном Биби, и находит поразительные параллели. Такая амплификация проливает свет на архетипическую природу психологического сознания, а также на выдвинутую Юнгом типологию. | ru |
pair_34881715 | The pandemic with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has led to infections and deaths worldwide. Apart from humans, certain animal species are susceptible to the viral infection. Spillover between humans and animals is favored by close contact; thus, surveillance of animals is an important component to fight the pandemic from a One Health perspective. The Clinical Laboratory of the Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich has been investigating SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals since the beginning of the pandemic. In November 2020, the first SARS-CoV-2 positive Swiss cat was reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE-WAHIS). The cat showed respiratory signs and lived in a COVID-19 affected household. By now, over 500 natural SARS-CoV-2 infections have been recorded in animals worldwide. A prevalence study on SARS-CoV-2 infections in dogs and cats was carried out together with clinics from Germany and Italy during the first wave of the pandemic (March-July 2020). Among the tested 1137 animals, only one cat and one dog were positive. The prevalence of infection in dogs and cats presented to veterinary clinics was low, even in pandemic hotspot regions. However, recent studies that focused on animals in COVID-19 households found a higher prevalence of infection. A study is currently underway that specifically collects samples from pets from Swiss COVID-19 affected household and collects data on human-animal interaction. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La pandemia con il nuovo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causa milioni di infezioni e morti in tutto il mondo. Oltre all‘uomo, varie specie di animali sono suscettibili all‘infezione virale. Lo stretto contatto tra gli esseri umani e gli animali favorisce la trasmissione dell‘infezione; la sorveglianza degli animali è quindi una componente importante della risposta alla pandemia dal punto di vista di One Health. Dall‘inizio della pandemia, il laboratorio di medicina veterinaria dell‘Università di Zurigo ha studiato le infezioni da SARS-CoV-2 negli animali. Nel novembre 2020, il primo gatto positivo alla SARS-CoV-2 in Svizzera è stato segnalato all‘Organizzazione mondiale della sanità animale (OIE-WAHIS). Il gatto presentava sintomi respiratori e viveva in una famiglia COVID-19. Più di 500 infezioni naturali di SARS-CoV-2 sono state registrate negli animali in tutto il mondo. Uno studio sulla prevalenza delle infezioni da SARS-CoV-2 in cani e gatti durante la prima ondata pandemica (marzo - luglio 2020) è stato condotto insieme a cliniche in Germania e in Italia. Tra i 1137 animali testati, solo un gatto e un cane sono risultati positivi. La prevalenza dell‘infezione nei cani e nei gatti presentati negli studi veterinari era quindi bassa anche nelle regioni più toccate dalla pandemia. Tuttavia, studi recenti che hanno testato specificamente gli animali nelle famiglie COVID-19 hanno rilevato una maggiore prevalenza di infezioni. Attualmente è in corso uno studio per raccogliere i dati specifici di animali domestici viventi in famiglie svizzere COVID-19 e i dati sulle interazioni uomo-animale. | it |
pair_34881715 | The pandemic with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has led to infections and deaths worldwide. Apart from humans, certain animal species are susceptible to the viral infection. Spillover between humans and animals is favored by close contact; thus, surveillance of animals is an important component to fight the pandemic from a One Health perspective. The Clinical Laboratory of the Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich has been investigating SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals since the beginning of the pandemic. In November 2020, the first SARS-CoV-2 positive Swiss cat was reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE-WAHIS). The cat showed respiratory signs and lived in a COVID-19 affected household. By now, over 500 natural SARS-CoV-2 infections have been recorded in animals worldwide. A prevalence study on SARS-CoV-2 infections in dogs and cats was carried out together with clinics from Germany and Italy during the first wave of the pandemic (March-July 2020). Among the tested 1137 animals, only one cat and one dog were positive. The prevalence of infection in dogs and cats presented to veterinary clinics was low, even in pandemic hotspot regions. However, recent studies that focused on animals in COVID-19 households found a higher prevalence of infection. A study is currently underway that specifically collects samples from pets from Swiss COVID-19 affected household and collects data on human-animal interaction. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La pandémie à nouveau coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) a entraîné des infections et des décès dans le monde entier. En dehors de l’homme, certaines espèces animales sont sensibles à cette infection virale. Le passage entre les humains et les animaux est favorisé par un contact étroit, la surveillance des animaux est donc un élément important pour lutter contre la pandémie dans une perspective One Health. Depuis le début de la pandémie, le laboratoire clinique de la faculté Vetsuisse de Zurich étudie les infections par le SRAS-CoV-2 chez les animaux. En novembre 2020, le premier chat suisse positif au SARS-CoV-2 a été signalé à l’Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (OIE-WAHIS). Le chat a montré des signes respiratoires et vivait dans un ménage touché par le COVID-19. À l’heure actuelle, plus de 500 infections naturelles au SRAS-CoV-2 ont été enregistrées chez des animaux dans le monde. Une étude de prévalence sur les infections par le SRAS-CoV-2 chez les chiens et les chats a été réalisée avec des cliniques d’Allemagne et d’Italie pendant la première vague de la pandémie (mars-juillet 2020). Parmi les 1137 animaux testés, seuls un chat et un chien étaient positifs. La prévalence de l’infection chez les chiens et les chats présentés aux cliniques vétérinaires était faible, même dans les régions fortement touchées par la pandémie. Cependant des études récentes, qui se sont concentrées sur les animaux dans les ménages COVID-19, ont révélé une prévalence d’infection plus élevée. Une étude est actuellement en cours qui collecte spécifiquement des échantillons d’animaux de compagnie des ménages suisses touchés par le COVID-19 et enregistre des données sur l’interaction homme-animal. | fr |
pair_34881715 | The pandemic with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has led to infections and deaths worldwide. Apart from humans, certain animal species are susceptible to the viral infection. Spillover between humans and animals is favored by close contact; thus, surveillance of animals is an important component to fight the pandemic from a One Health perspective. The Clinical Laboratory of the Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich has been investigating SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals since the beginning of the pandemic. In November 2020, the first SARS-CoV-2 positive Swiss cat was reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE-WAHIS). The cat showed respiratory signs and lived in a COVID-19 affected household. By now, over 500 natural SARS-CoV-2 infections have been recorded in animals worldwide. A prevalence study on SARS-CoV-2 infections in dogs and cats was carried out together with clinics from Germany and Italy during the first wave of the pandemic (March-July 2020). Among the tested 1137 animals, only one cat and one dog were positive. The prevalence of infection in dogs and cats presented to veterinary clinics was low, even in pandemic hotspot regions. However, recent studies that focused on animals in COVID-19 households found a higher prevalence of infection. A study is currently underway that specifically collects samples from pets from Swiss COVID-19 affected household and collects data on human-animal interaction. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Die Pandemie mit dem neuartigen Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) führt weltweit zu Millionen von Infektionen und Todesfällen. Neben Menschen sind auch verschiedene Tierspezies empfänglich für die Virusinfektion. Enger Kontakt zwischen Mensch und Tier begünstigt eine Übertragung der Infektion; die Überwachung von Tieren ist daher ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Pandemiebekämpfung unter einem One Health Aspekt. Seit Pandemiebeginn untersucht das Veterinärmedizinische Labor der Universität Zürich SARS-CoV-2 Infektionen bei Tieren. Im November 2020 wurde die erste SARS-CoV-2 positive Katze der Schweiz an die Weltorganisation für Tiergesundheit (OIE-WAHIS) gemeldet. Die Katze zeigte respiratorische Symptome und lebte in einem COVID-19 Haushalt. Mittlerweile wurden über 500 natürliche SARS-CoV-2 Infektionen bei Tieren weltweit verzeichnet. Gemeinsam mit Kliniken in Deutschland und Italien wurde eine Prävalenzstudie zu SARS-CoV-2 Infektionen bei Hunden und Katzen während der ersten Pandemiewelle (März–Juli 2020) durchgeführt. Unter den 1137 untersuchten Tieren, testeten nur eine Katze und ein Hund positiv. Die Infektionsprävalenz bei Hunden und Katzen, die in tierärztlichen Praxen vorgestellt werden, war damit sogar in Hotspotregionen der Pandemie niedrig. Neuere Untersuchungen, die gezielt Tiere in COVID-19 Haushalten testeten, finden aber eine höhere Infektionsprävalenz. Derzeit läuft eine Studie, die gezielt Proben von Haustieren aus Schweizer COVID-19 Haushalten sammelt und Daten zur Mensch-Tier-Interaktion erhebt. | de |
pair_34881716 | Hot-iron disbudding of calves is a stressful and painful procedure and leaves a burn wound. Pain management procedures and the effects of hot-iron disbudding on biochemical markers of pain perception and stress response have been widely investigated in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of pain management and age of the calf on the healing of burn wounds caused by disbudding. 327 healthy female German Holstein calves were included in this randomised, triple-blinded, prospective study. Calves were either disbudded at the age of four to 10 or 15 to 28 days using a gas-powered hot iron. Each calf was randomly allocated to one of nine possible treatment groups (BG). All calves received either the active ingredients to be tested (xylazine hydrochloride with 0.2 or 0.05 mg / kg body mass (BM) intramuscular for sedation, procaine hydrochloride (2 %) each 8 ml locally on both sides subcutaneously (SC) to the cornual nerves, meloxicam with 0,5 mg / kg BM SC for anti-inflammatory purposes) or an identical amount of saline solution (placebo). Calves in the group `thermE` and `ScheinE` received only placebo. In group `ScheinE` disbudding was simulated and in `thermE` it was carried out. The calves were clinically monitored starting one day before and ending 28 days after the procedure and the burn wounds were assessed. Both the rectal temperature and parameters of wound healing changed significantly during the study period and had characteristic profiles over time. Wound healing was not influenced by the different analgesic protocols, indicating that a multimodal analgesia does not pose a risk for wound healing after thermal disbudding. There were no observed differences between the age groups. The results of this study show, that disbudding of young calves and a multimodal pain management protocol does not affect wound healing in calves. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La decornazione termica dei vitelli è una procedura che è associata a dolore e stress e lascia una ferita da ustione. Diversi metodi di analgesia e l’influenza della decornazione termica sui marcatori del dolore e della risposta allo stress sono già stati valutati. Lo scopo del presente studio era quello di esaminare la misura in cui, la gestione del dolore stesso o l’età dei vitelli, influenzi la guarigione delle ferite provocate dopo la decornazione termica. Lo studio randomizzato, in triplo cieco e prospettico ha incluso 327 vitelli sani di razza Holstein tedesca. La decornazione è stata eseguita tra il quarto e il decimo o il quindicesimo e il ventottesimo giorno di vita utilizzando un dispositivo di decornazione a gas. Ogni vitello è stato assegnato a uno dei nove gruppi di trattamento (GT). A tutti i vitelli sono stati iniettati o gli agenti da testare (xilazina cloridrato a 0,2 o 0,05 mg/kg di massa corporea (MC) per via intramuscolare per la sedazione, procaina cloridrato (2 %) 8 ml ciascuno per via locale bilaterale sottocutanea (SC) ai rr. cornuales, meloxicam a 0,5 mg/kg KM SC per antinfiammatorio/analgesia) o una quantità identica di soluzione salina isotonica (placebo). I vitelli nei gruppi `thermE` e `ScheinE` hanno ricevuto solo placebo; la decornazione è stata simulata in `ScheinE` ed eseguita in `thermE`. Il gruppo `Melo` ha ricevuto solo meloxicam, `LA` solo procaina cloridrato, `Melo-LA` meloxicam + procaina cloridrato, `Seda 0,2` solo xilazina cloridrato, `Seda 0,05-Melo` e `Seda 0,2-Melo` (xilazina cloridrato + meloxicam), e `Seda 0,2-Melo-LA` tutti gli agenti da testare. I vitelli sono stati monitorati clinicamente da un giorno prima a 28 giorni dopo la procedura e sono state valutate le ferite. Sia la temperatura corporea interna (TCI) che le caratteristiche di guarigione della ferita differivano significativamente tra i giorni di studio e mostravano un andamento temporale. La guarigione della ferita non è stata influenzata dai diversi analgesici o dalle loro combinazioni; l’analgesia multimodale non rappresenta quindi un rischio per la guarigione della ferita dopo la decornazione in condizioni reali. Non sono state osservate differenze nella guarigione delle ferite tra i gruppi di età. Pertanto, la decornazione dei vitelli in condizioni reali può essere eseguita presto e con l’esaurimento di tutte le possibilità analgesiche. | it |
pair_34881716 | Hot-iron disbudding of calves is a stressful and painful procedure and leaves a burn wound. Pain management procedures and the effects of hot-iron disbudding on biochemical markers of pain perception and stress response have been widely investigated in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of pain management and age of the calf on the healing of burn wounds caused by disbudding. 327 healthy female German Holstein calves were included in this randomised, triple-blinded, prospective study. Calves were either disbudded at the age of four to 10 or 15 to 28 days using a gas-powered hot iron. Each calf was randomly allocated to one of nine possible treatment groups (BG). All calves received either the active ingredients to be tested (xylazine hydrochloride with 0.2 or 0.05 mg / kg body mass (BM) intramuscular for sedation, procaine hydrochloride (2 %) each 8 ml locally on both sides subcutaneously (SC) to the cornual nerves, meloxicam with 0,5 mg / kg BM SC for anti-inflammatory purposes) or an identical amount of saline solution (placebo). Calves in the group `thermE` and `ScheinE` received only placebo. In group `ScheinE` disbudding was simulated and in `thermE` it was carried out. The calves were clinically monitored starting one day before and ending 28 days after the procedure and the burn wounds were assessed. Both the rectal temperature and parameters of wound healing changed significantly during the study period and had characteristic profiles over time. Wound healing was not influenced by the different analgesic protocols, indicating that a multimodal analgesia does not pose a risk for wound healing after thermal disbudding. There were no observed differences between the age groups. The results of this study show, that disbudding of young calves and a multimodal pain management protocol does not affect wound healing in calves. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L’ébourgeonnage thermique des veaux est une procédure stressante et douloureuse qui laisse une brûlure. Les procédures de gestion de la douleur et les effets de l’ébourgeonnage thermique sur les marqueurs biochimiques de la perception de la douleur et de la réponse au stress ont été largement étudiés ces dernières années. Le but de cette étude était d’étudier les effets potentiels de la gestion de la douleur et de l’âge du veau sur la cicatrisation des brûlures causées par l’ébourgeonnage. 327 veaux Holstein allemands femelles en bonne santé ont été inclus dans cette étude prospective randomisée en triple aveugle. Les veaux ont été soit ébourgeonnés à l’âge de 4 à 10 jours ou de 15 à 28 jours à l’aide d’un thermocautère à gaz. Chaque veau a été réparti au hasard dans l’un des neuf groupes de traitement possibles (BG). Tous les veaux ont reçu soit les principes actifs à tester (chlorhydrate de xylazine à 0,2 ou 0,05 mg/kg de masse corporelle (BM) par voie intramusculaire pour sédation, chlorhydrate de procaïne (2 %) 8 ml localement des deux côtés par voie sous-cutanée (SC) jusqu’aux nerfs cornuaux , méloxicam à 0,5 mg/kg de masse corporelle SC à visée anti-inflammatoire) ou une quantité identique de solution saline (placebo). Les veaux du groupe « thermE » et « ScheinE » ont reçu uniquement un placebo. Dans le groupe ‹ScheinE’ l’ébourgeonnage a été simulé et dans ‘thermE’ il a été réalisé. Le groupe « Melo » n’a reçu que du méloxicam, le groupe « LA » uniquement du chlorhydrate de procaïne, le grpoupe « Melo-LA » du méloxicam + chlorhydrate de procaïne, le groupe « Seda 0,2 » uniquement du chlorhydrate de xylazine, les groupes « Seda 0,05-Melo » et« Seda 0,2 -Melo » duchlorhydrate de xylazine et du méloxicam), et le groupe « Seda 0,2-Melo-LA » toutes les substances actives à tester. Les veaux ont été suivis cliniquement en commençant un jour avant et en terminant 28 jours après la procédure et les brûlures ont été évaluées. La température rectale et les paramètres de cicatrisation des plaies ont changé de manière significative au cours de la période d’étude et ont eu des profils caractéristiques au fil du temps. La cicatrisation n’a pas été influencée par les différents protocoles analgésiques, ce qui indique qu’une analgésie multimodale ne présente pas de risque quant à la cicatrisation après ébourgeonnage thermique. Aucune différence n’a été observée entre les groupes d’âge. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que l’ébourgeonnage des jeunes veaux et un protocole multimodal de gestion de la douleur n’affectent pas la cicatrisation des veaux. | fr |
pair_34881716 | Hot-iron disbudding of calves is a stressful and painful procedure and leaves a burn wound. Pain management procedures and the effects of hot-iron disbudding on biochemical markers of pain perception and stress response have been widely investigated in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of pain management and age of the calf on the healing of burn wounds caused by disbudding. 327 healthy female German Holstein calves were included in this randomised, triple-blinded, prospective study. Calves were either disbudded at the age of four to 10 or 15 to 28 days using a gas-powered hot iron. Each calf was randomly allocated to one of nine possible treatment groups (BG). All calves received either the active ingredients to be tested (xylazine hydrochloride with 0.2 or 0.05 mg / kg body mass (BM) intramuscular for sedation, procaine hydrochloride (2 %) each 8 ml locally on both sides subcutaneously (SC) to the cornual nerves, meloxicam with 0,5 mg / kg BM SC for anti-inflammatory purposes) or an identical amount of saline solution (placebo). Calves in the group `thermE` and `ScheinE` received only placebo. In group `ScheinE` disbudding was simulated and in `thermE` it was carried out. The calves were clinically monitored starting one day before and ending 28 days after the procedure and the burn wounds were assessed. Both the rectal temperature and parameters of wound healing changed significantly during the study period and had characteristic profiles over time. Wound healing was not influenced by the different analgesic protocols, indicating that a multimodal analgesia does not pose a risk for wound healing after thermal disbudding. There were no observed differences between the age groups. The results of this study show, that disbudding of young calves and a multimodal pain management protocol does not affect wound healing in calves. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Die thermische Zerstörung der Hornanlage (ZHA) von Kälbern stellt einen Eingriff dar, welcher mit Schmerz und Stress verbunden ist und eine Verbrennungswunde hinterlässt. Verschiedene Verfahren der Schmerzausschaltung sowie der Einfluss der thermischen ZHA auf Marker der Schmerz- und Stressreaktion wurden bereits evaluiert. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es zu prüfen, inwieweit das Schmerzmanagement selbst oder das Alter der Kälber die Wundheilung thermisch bedingter Wunden nach ZHA beeinflusst. In die randomisierte, dreifach verblindete, prospektive Studie wurden 327 gesunde, weibliche Deutsch-Holstein-Kälber einbezogen. Die ZHA erfolgte entweder zwischen dem vierten und 10. oder dem 15. und 28. Lebenstag mit einem gasbetriebenen Enthornungsgerät. Jedes Kalb wurde einer von neun Behandlungsgruppen (BG) zugelost. Alle Kälber bekamen entweder die zu testenden Wirkstoffe (Xylazinhydrochlorid mit 0,2 oder 0,05 mg/kg Körpermasse (KM) zur Sedation intramuskulär, Procainhydrochlorid (2 %) je 8 ml lokal beidseitig subkutan (SC) an die Rr. cornuales, Meloxicam mit 0,5 mg/kg KM SC zur Entzündungshemmung/Analgesie) oder eine identische Menge an isotoner Kochsalzlösung (Placebo) injiziert. Kälber der Gruppe `thermE` und `ScheinE` erhielten nur Placebo, bei `ScheinE` wurde die ZHA simuliert, bei `thermE` durchgeführt. Die Gruppe `Melo` erhielt nur Meloxicam, `LA` nur Procainhydrochlorid, `Melo-LA` Meloxicam + Procainhydrochlorid, `Seda 0,2` nur Xylazinhydrochlorid, `Seda 0,05-Melo` und `Seda 0,2-Melo ` (Xylazinhydrochlorid + Meloxicam), und `Seda 0,2-Melo-LA` alle zu testenden Wirkstoffe. Die Kälber wurden von einem Tag vor bis 28 Tage nach dem Eingriff klinisch überwacht und die Wunden befundet. Sowohl die inneren Körpertemperatur (IKT) als auch die Merkmale der Wundheilung unterschieden sich signifikant zwischen den einzelnen Untersuchungstagen und zeigten einen zeitlichen Verlauf. Die Wundheilung wurde durch die verschiedenen Analgetika oder deren Kombinationen nicht beeinflusst, eine multimodale Analgesie stellt demnach kein Risiko für die Wundheilung nach ZHA unter Praxisbedingungen dar. Zwischen den Altersgruppen wurden keine Unterschiede in der Wundheilung beobachtet. Die ZHA von Kälbern kann unter Praxisbedingungen demnach bereits früh und unter Ausschöpfung aller analgetischen Möglichkeiten erfolgen. | de |
pair_34881717 | The sonographic findings of the udder parenchyma and udder lymph nodes in 30 lactating sheep after experimental infection with Mycoplasma agalactiae are described. The objective of the study was to describe infection related changes in the udder parenchyma and udder lymph nodes using physical, sonographic, and histological examination and to detect associations between sonographic and histological changes of the tissues. Animals were intramammarily infected with different mutant cocktails and the wild type PG2. One group served as a negative control. A 15 MHz linear transducer (Esaote MyLab 30 CV, Esaote, Florence, Italy) was used for sonographic examinations. Compared with the uninfected control group with homogeneously granular parenchyma, the udder lymph nodes were larger and the udder parenchyma was more inhomogeneous and partially hyperechoic. The corresponding histological findings in infected mammary glands comprised proliferation of interstitial connective tissue, non-purulent interstitial mastitis, and purulent galactophoritis. The infected udder lymph nodes showed reactive hyperplasia. The findings obtained in this study may improve the diagnosis of Mycoplasma mastitis in sheep. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | In questo studio sono descritti i risultati ecografici del parenchima e dei linfonodi della mammella in 30 pecore in lattazione dopo l’infezione sperimentale con Mycoplasma agalactiae. L’obiettivo dello studio era di descrivere i cambiamenti legati all’infezione nel parenchima della mammella e nei linfonodi attraverso l’esame clinico, ecografico e istologico e di rilevare le associazioni tra i cambiamenti sonografici e istologici dei tessuti. Gli animali sono state infettati per via intramammaria con diversi cocktail mutanti e un controllo positivo (PG2 di tipo selvatico). Un gruppo è servito da controllo negativo. Un trasduttore lineare da 15 MHz (Esaote MyLab 30 CV, Esaote, Firenze, Italia) è stato utilizzato per gli esami ecografici. Rispetto al gruppo di controllo non infetto con parenchima granulare omogeneo, i linfonodi della mammella risultavano più grandi e il parenchima della mammella era più disomogeneo e parzialmente più iperecoico. I risultati istologici corrispondenti alle ghiandole mammarie infette hanno mostrato proliferazione del tessuto connettivo interstiziale, mastite interstiziale non purulenta e galattoforite purulenta. I linfonodi infetti hanno mostrato un’iperplasia reattiva. Le conoscenze acquisite in questo studio possono migliorare la diagnosi della mastite nelle infezioni da Micoplasma nelle pecore. | it |
pair_34881717 | The sonographic findings of the udder parenchyma and udder lymph nodes in 30 lactating sheep after experimental infection with Mycoplasma agalactiae are described. The objective of the study was to describe infection related changes in the udder parenchyma and udder lymph nodes using physical, sonographic, and histological examination and to detect associations between sonographic and histological changes of the tissues. Animals were intramammarily infected with different mutant cocktails and the wild type PG2. One group served as a negative control. A 15 MHz linear transducer (Esaote MyLab 30 CV, Esaote, Florence, Italy) was used for sonographic examinations. Compared with the uninfected control group with homogeneously granular parenchyma, the udder lymph nodes were larger and the udder parenchyma was more inhomogeneous and partially hyperechoic. The corresponding histological findings in infected mammary glands comprised proliferation of interstitial connective tissue, non-purulent interstitial mastitis, and purulent galactophoritis. The infected udder lymph nodes showed reactive hyperplasia. The findings obtained in this study may improve the diagnosis of Mycoplasma mastitis in sheep. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Les constatations échographiques sur le parenchyme de la mamelle et des ganglions lymphatiques de la mamelle chez 30 brebis en lactation après une infection expérimentale avec Mycoplasma agalactiae sont décrits. L’objectif de l’étude était de décrire les modifications liées à l’infection dans le parenchyme mammaire et les ganglions lymphatiques de la mamelle à l’aide d’un examen physique, échographique et histologique et de détecter les associations entre les altérations échographiques et histologiques des tissus. Les animaux ont été infectés par voie intramammaire avec différents cocktails de mutants et le type sauvage PG2. Un groupe a servi de contrôle négatif. Une sonde linéaire de 15 MHz (Esaote MyLab 30 CV, Esaote, Florence, Italie) a été utilisé pour les examens échographiques. Comparativement au groupe témoin non infecté avec un parenchyme granulaire homogène, les ganglions lymphatiques de la mamelle étaient plus gros et le parenchyme de la mamelle était plus inhomogène et partiellement hyperéchogène. Les résultats histologiques correspondants dans les glandes mammaires infectées comprenaient une prolifération de tissu conjonctif interstitiel, une mammite interstitielle non purulente et une galactophorite purulente. Les ganglions lymphatiques de la mamelle infectée présentaient une hyperplasie réactive. Les résultats obtenus dans cette étude peuvent améliorer le diagnostic de la mammite à Mycoplasma chez le mouton. | fr |
pair_34881717 | The sonographic findings of the udder parenchyma and udder lymph nodes in 30 lactating sheep after experimental infection with Mycoplasma agalactiae are described. The objective of the study was to describe infection related changes in the udder parenchyma and udder lymph nodes using physical, sonographic, and histological examination and to detect associations between sonographic and histological changes of the tissues. Animals were intramammarily infected with different mutant cocktails and the wild type PG2. One group served as a negative control. A 15 MHz linear transducer (Esaote MyLab 30 CV, Esaote, Florence, Italy) was used for sonographic examinations. Compared with the uninfected control group with homogeneously granular parenchyma, the udder lymph nodes were larger and the udder parenchyma was more inhomogeneous and partially hyperechoic. The corresponding histological findings in infected mammary glands comprised proliferation of interstitial connective tissue, non-purulent interstitial mastitis, and purulent galactophoritis. The infected udder lymph nodes showed reactive hyperplasia. The findings obtained in this study may improve the diagnosis of Mycoplasma mastitis in sheep. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Die sonographischen Befunde des Euterparenchyms und der Euterlymphknoten bei 30 laktierenden Schafen nach experimenteller Infektion mit Mycoplasma agalactiae werden beschrieben. Zielsetzung der Studie war die Beschreibung der infektionsbedingten Veränderungen in Euterparenchym und Lymphknoten mit Hilfe von klinischer, sonographischer und histologischer Untersuchung und der Vergleich von sonographischen und histologischen Veränderungen. Die Schafe wurden mit verschiedenen Mutanten-Cocktails und einer Positivkontrolle (Wildtyp PG2) intramammär infiziert. Eine Gruppe diente als Negativkontrolle. Für die Ultraschalluntersuchungen kam ein 15 MHz-Linear-Schallkopf (Esaote MyLab 30 CV, Esaote, Florenz) zum Einsatz. Im Vergleich zur nicht infizierten Kontrollgruppe mit homogen granulärem Parenchym waren die Euterlymphknoten grösser und das Euterparenchym inhomogener und teilweise echoreicher. Histologisch zeigten die infizierten Euterhälften neben einer Proliferation des interstitiellen Bindegewebes, eine nicht eitrige interstitielle Mastitis sowie eitrige Galaktophoritis. Die infizierten Lymphknoten wiesen eine reaktive Hyperplasie auf. Die in dieser Studie gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können die Mastitisdiagnostik bei Mykoplasmeninfektionen beim Schaf verbessern. | de |
pair_34881718 | It was the objective of this study to evaluate morbidity, mortality, use of veterinary drugs and production output on seven representative Swiss beef fatteners, who bought on a regular basis batches of calves from traders (mean age and weight: 31 day, 75 kg) and practised an all in-all out system. From March 2015 until May 2016, 51 batches with a total of 1307 calves were included. The use of drugs during the first eight weeks following delivery of calves from the trader, casualty rate and carcass performance of 837 bulls. The administration of antimicrobials was calculated per calf as the number of days with effective therapeutic concentrations (daily doses per animal; DD/A). The average weight of the calves at arrival on the fattening unit was 75 kg and the age 31 days. The group size was between 13 to 47 calves (median 22, Q1 = 21, Q2 = 30). In 36 batches (70,6 %), a veterinary entry examination was performed which demonstrated that at admission 20 % of the calves suffered from a relevant disease. The median for the number of DD/A was 16 for the first 56 days on the farm (Q1 = 11, Q3 = 21); 68 % of these DD/A were attributed to metaphylactic medications after delivery. Thereafter, pneumonia (54 %), diarrhea (33 %) and otitis (10 %) were the most frequent indications for subsequent therapeutic interventions. Over all batches, a median of 71 % (Q1 = 47, Q3 = 85) of all DD/A were due to critically important antimicrobials (CIM) and drugs containing several antibiotics including a CIM. The losses due to death or euthanasia averaged 3,7 % of all calves. The median for daily weight gain for the total fattening period (median 354 days; Q1 = 328, Q3 = 379) accounted for 1325 g (Q1 = 1216, Q3 = 1425). The profound variation between the farms in respect to the results of drug use and production output reveals evidence for the strong impact of farm-specific factors (such as pen space per calf, barn climate, vaccination protocol, supervision). Concurrently, the remarkable differences between the results of different batches on one farm depict that there are further important risk factors which are beyond the control of the farmer (in particular season of the year, transport). It is concluded that a systematic minimization of risk factors as part of a continuous veterinary consultation is useful two improve herd health and to reduce the input of drugs in the production of beef. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Lo scopo di questo studio era di quantificare nell’allevamento di vitello da ingrasso la morbilità, la mortalità e i risultati di produzione. Da marzo 2015 a maggio 2016, sono state registrati 51 passaggi con un totale di 1307 vitelli in sette aziende con un sistema di pulizia tutto pieno-tutto vuoto. Sono stati valutati l’uso di medicinali, di 837 tori macellati, durante le prime otto settimane dopo la stabulazione, i tassi di mortalità e i dati sulle prestazioni. L’utilizzo di prodotti antimicrobici è stato calcolato individualmente per ogni animale in termini di numero di giorni sotto effetto terapeutico (dosi giornaliere per animale; DD/A). I vitelli sono stati stabulati in gruppi da 13 a 47 animali (mediana 22, Q1 = 21, Q3 = 30) con un peso medio di 75 kg a 31 giorni di età. Nel 70,6 % dei passaggi è stata effettuata una visita veterinaria, in cui in media il 20 % dei vitelli ha mostrato una malattia necessitosa di trattamento. Mediamente in tutti gli allevamenti e i passaggi, i vitelli sono stati sotto l’effetto di concentrazioni terapeutiche di antibiotici per 16 giorni nei primi 56 giorni (Q1 = 11, Q3 = 21). La metafilassi di stallaggio comprendeva il 68 % delle DD/A. La polmonite (54 %), la diarrea (33 %) e l’otite (10 %) erano le ragioni più comuni per un’ulteriore terapia. Per tutti i passaggi, una mediana del 71 % (Q1 = 47, Q3 = 85) di DD/A era dovuta ad antibiotici critici o a preparazioni combinate con un antibiotico critico. L’interruzione dello studio a causa di morte o eutanasia è stata in media del 3,7 %. L’aumento di peso giornaliero mediano durante l’intero periodo d’ingrasso (mediana 354 giorni; Q1 = 328, Q3 = 379) era di 1325 g (Q1 = 1216, Q3 = 1425). La notevole varianza nell’uso di medicinali e nei risultati di produzione tra le aziende è dovuta all’influenza di fattori specifici relativi all’azienda (ad esempio la superficie della stalla per animale, il clima della stalla, l’intensità delle cure, lo schema di vaccinazione). Allo stesso tempo, anche i risultati dei singoli passaggi in ogni azienda variavano notevolmente; di conseguenza, ci sono altri importanti fattori di rischio che si trovano al di fuori della sfera di influenza dell’allevatore (soprattutto la stagione e il trasporto). Si può quindi concludere che una riduzione sistematica dei fattori di rischio specifici dell’azienda nel quadro della gestione della mandria ha senso per ottenere un miglioramento sostenibile della salute degli animali nell’allevamento di vitelli (vitellini da latte) per l’ingrasso su larga scala. | it |
pair_34881718 | It was the objective of this study to evaluate morbidity, mortality, use of veterinary drugs and production output on seven representative Swiss beef fatteners, who bought on a regular basis batches of calves from traders (mean age and weight: 31 day, 75 kg) and practised an all in-all out system. From March 2015 until May 2016, 51 batches with a total of 1307 calves were included. The use of drugs during the first eight weeks following delivery of calves from the trader, casualty rate and carcass performance of 837 bulls. The administration of antimicrobials was calculated per calf as the number of days with effective therapeutic concentrations (daily doses per animal; DD/A). The average weight of the calves at arrival on the fattening unit was 75 kg and the age 31 days. The group size was between 13 to 47 calves (median 22, Q1 = 21, Q2 = 30). In 36 batches (70,6 %), a veterinary entry examination was performed which demonstrated that at admission 20 % of the calves suffered from a relevant disease. The median for the number of DD/A was 16 for the first 56 days on the farm (Q1 = 11, Q3 = 21); 68 % of these DD/A were attributed to metaphylactic medications after delivery. Thereafter, pneumonia (54 %), diarrhea (33 %) and otitis (10 %) were the most frequent indications for subsequent therapeutic interventions. Over all batches, a median of 71 % (Q1 = 47, Q3 = 85) of all DD/A were due to critically important antimicrobials (CIM) and drugs containing several antibiotics including a CIM. The losses due to death or euthanasia averaged 3,7 % of all calves. The median for daily weight gain for the total fattening period (median 354 days; Q1 = 328, Q3 = 379) accounted for 1325 g (Q1 = 1216, Q3 = 1425). The profound variation between the farms in respect to the results of drug use and production output reveals evidence for the strong impact of farm-specific factors (such as pen space per calf, barn climate, vaccination protocol, supervision). Concurrently, the remarkable differences between the results of different batches on one farm depict that there are further important risk factors which are beyond the control of the farmer (in particular season of the year, transport). It is concluded that a systematic minimization of risk factors as part of a continuous veterinary consultation is useful two improve herd health and to reduce the input of drugs in the production of beef. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la morbidité, la mortalité, l’utilisation de médicaments vétérinaires et la production de sept engraisseurs suisses représentatifs, qui achetaient régulièrement des lots de veaux à des commerçants (âge et poids moyens : 31 jours, 75 kg). et pratiquant le système « all in-all out ». De mars 2015 à mai 2016, 51 lots avec un total de 1307 veaux ont été inclus. On a étudié l’utilisation de médicaments pendant les huit premières semaines suivant la livraison des veaux, le taux de mortalité et la performance carcasse de 837 taureaux. L’administration d’antimicrobiens par veau a été calculée individuellement en nombre de jours avec des concentrations thérapeutiques efficaces (doses quotidiennes par animal ; JJ/A). Le poids moyen des veaux à l’arrivée sur l’unité d’engraissement était de 75 kg et l’âge de 31 jours. La taille du groupe était comprise entre 13 et 47 veaux (médiane 22, Q1 = 21, Q2 = 30). Dans 36 lots (70,6 %), un examen vétérinaire d’entrée a été réalisé qui a démontré qu’à l’admission 20 % des veaux souffraient d’une maladie nécessitant un traitement. La médiane du nombre de DD/A était de 16 pour les 56 premiers jours à la ferme (Q1 = 11, Q3 = 21) ; 68 % de ces DD/A ont été constitués par des médicaments métaphylactiques après la livraison. Par la suite, la pneumonie (54 %), la diarrhée (33 %) et l’otite (10 %) étaient les indications les plus fréquentes des interventions thérapeutiques ultérieures. Sur l’ensemble des lots, une médiane de 71 % (Q1 = 47, Q3 = 85) de tous les DD/A étaient dus à des antimicrobiens d’importance critique (CIM) et à des médicaments contenant plusieurs antibiotiques, dont un CIM. Les pertes dues à la mort ou à l’euthanasie représentaient en moyenne 3,7 % de tous les veaux. La médiane du gain de poids quotidien pour la période d’engraissement totale (médiane 354 jours ; Q1 = 328, Q3 = 379) représentait 1325 g (Q1 = 1216, Q3 = 1425). La variation importante entre les exploitations en ce qui concerne les résultats de l’utilisation de médicaments et la production est la preuve du fort impact des facteurs spécifiques à l’exploitation (tels que l’espace en enclos par veau, le climat de l’étable, le protocole de vaccination, la supervision). Parallèlement, les différences remarquables entre les résultats de différents lots sur une exploitation montrent qu’il existe d’autres facteurs de risque importants qui échappent au contrôle de l’agriculteur (en particulier la saison, le transport). Il est conclu qu’une minimisation systématique des facteurs de risque dans le cadre d’une consultation vétérinaire continue est utile pour améliorer la santé du troupeau et réduire l’apport de médicaments dans la production de viande bovine. | fr |
pair_34881718 | It was the objective of this study to evaluate morbidity, mortality, use of veterinary drugs and production output on seven representative Swiss beef fatteners, who bought on a regular basis batches of calves from traders (mean age and weight: 31 day, 75 kg) and practised an all in-all out system. From March 2015 until May 2016, 51 batches with a total of 1307 calves were included. The use of drugs during the first eight weeks following delivery of calves from the trader, casualty rate and carcass performance of 837 bulls. The administration of antimicrobials was calculated per calf as the number of days with effective therapeutic concentrations (daily doses per animal; DD/A). The average weight of the calves at arrival on the fattening unit was 75 kg and the age 31 days. The group size was between 13 to 47 calves (median 22, Q1 = 21, Q2 = 30). In 36 batches (70,6 %), a veterinary entry examination was performed which demonstrated that at admission 20 % of the calves suffered from a relevant disease. The median for the number of DD/A was 16 for the first 56 days on the farm (Q1 = 11, Q3 = 21); 68 % of these DD/A were attributed to metaphylactic medications after delivery. Thereafter, pneumonia (54 %), diarrhea (33 %) and otitis (10 %) were the most frequent indications for subsequent therapeutic interventions. Over all batches, a median of 71 % (Q1 = 47, Q3 = 85) of all DD/A were due to critically important antimicrobials (CIM) and drugs containing several antibiotics including a CIM. The losses due to death or euthanasia averaged 3,7 % of all calves. The median for daily weight gain for the total fattening period (median 354 days; Q1 = 328, Q3 = 379) accounted for 1325 g (Q1 = 1216, Q3 = 1425). The profound variation between the farms in respect to the results of drug use and production output reveals evidence for the strong impact of farm-specific factors (such as pen space per calf, barn climate, vaccination protocol, supervision). Concurrently, the remarkable differences between the results of different batches on one farm depict that there are further important risk factors which are beyond the control of the farmer (in particular season of the year, transport). It is concluded that a systematic minimization of risk factors as part of a continuous veterinary consultation is useful two improve herd health and to reduce the input of drugs in the production of beef. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Ziel dieser Studie war es, bei Aufzuchtkälbern für die Grossviehmast Morbidität, Mortalität und Produktionsergebnisse zu quantifizieren. Von März 2015 bis Mai 2016 wurden auf sieben Betrieben mit Rein-Raus-System 51 Durchgänge mit insgesamt 1307 Kälbern erfasst. Ausgewertet wurden der Arzneimitteleinsatz während der ersten acht Wochen nach der Einstallung, die Abgangsraten und die Leistungsdaten von 837 geschlachteten Bullen. Der Einsatz von antimikrobiellen Wirkstoffen wurde tierindividuell als Anzahl Tage unter therapeutischer Wirkung (daily doses per animal; DD/A) berechnet. Die Kälber wurden in Gruppen von 13 bis 47 Tieren (Median 22, Q1 = 21, Q3 = 30) mit einem mittleren Gewicht von 75 kg im Alter von 31 Tagen eingestallt. Bei 70,6 % der Durchgänge erfolgte eine tierärztliche Einstalluntersuchung, bei der im Mittel 20 % der Kälber eine behandlungsrelevante Erkrankung aufwiesen. Die Kälber standen im Median aller Betriebe und Durchgänge in den ersten 56 Tagen 16 Tage unter der Wirkung therapeutischer Konzentrationen von Antibiotika (Q1 =11, Q3 = 21). Die Einstallmetaphylaxe umfasste 68 % der DD/A. Pneumonien (54 %), Durchfälle (33 %) und Otitiden (10 %) waren die häufigsten Gründe für weitere Therapien. Über alle Durchgänge entfielen im Median 71 % (Q1 = 47, Q3 = 85) der DD/A auf kritische Antibiotika bzw. Kombinationspräparate mit einem kritischen Antibiotikum. Die Abgänge durch Tod oder Euthanasie in der ganzen Studie beliefen sich im Mittel auf 3,7 %. Der Median der täglichen Gewichtszunahme über die Dauer der gesamten Mastdauer (Median 354 Tage; Q1 = 328, Q3 = 379) lag bei 1325 g (Q1 = 1216, Q3 = 1425). Die erhebliche Varianz des Arzneimitteleinsatzes und der Produktionsergebnisse zwischen den Betrieben sind Ausdruck für den Einfluss betriebsspezifischer Faktoren (u. a. Stallfläche pro Tier, Stallklima, Betreuungsintensität, Impfschema). Gleichzeitig variierten auch die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Durchgänge eines jeden Betriebes wesentlich; entsprechend gibt es weitere wichtige Risikofaktoren, die ausserhalb des Einflussbereichs des Landwirts liegen (insbesondere Jahreszeit und Transport). Es lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass eine systematische betriebsspezifische Reduktion von Risikofaktoren im Rahmen einer Bestandesbetreuung sinnvoll ist, um in der Kälberaufzucht (Fresseraufzucht) für die Grossviehmast eine nachhaltig verbesserte Tiergesundheit zu erreichen. | de |
pair_34881719 | Since the spread of classical digital dermatitis (DD) lesions within the cattle population, frequency of infections of interdigital hyperplasia (IH) lesions with DD-associated Treponema spp. (IH+DD) increased. The aim of the present case series is to describe an alternative treatment technique to surgical lesion removal or local treatment of HI+DD lesions with antibiotics. In this report, the effect of repeated local administration of salicylic acid paste, protected by a water repellent bandage was described and assessed for the treatment of four dairy cows with IH+DD lesions. Milker's fat Eutra was applied to the unaffected skin adjacent to the lesion to protect healthy skin from the keratolytic properties of salicylic acid paste. Treatment was repeated at weekly intervals in all four cases until the IH+DD lesions had completely clinically healed. Two cows additionally showed classical DD lesions between the heels. Clinical healing was defined as remission of IH and complete healing of the DD lesions located on IH lesions and between the heels. Complete healing was evident at three weeks of treatment in all four cases. Weekly repeated topical application of salicylic acid paste under bandage may be recommended as an alternative to surgical or antibiotic treatment of IH+DD lesions. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Con la diffusione delle lesioni classiche da dermatite digitale (DD) nella popolazione bovina, è aumentata la frequenza delle lesioni da iperplasia interdigitale (II) infettate con Treponema spp. associati alla DD (II+DD). Lo scopo della seguente serie di casi è di descrivere una tecnica di trattamento alternativa alla rimozione chirurgica o alla terapia antibiotica locale delle lesioni II+DD. In questa relazione, è stato valutato e descritto l'effetto di applicazioni locali ripetute di pasta di acido salicilico protette da una benda idrorepellente, per il trattamento di quattro vacche da latte con lesioni II+DD. Il grasso da mungitura è stato applicato sulla pelle sana adiacente alla lesione per proteggerla dalle proprietà cheratolitiche dell’acido salicilico. Il trattamento è stato ripetuto ad intervalli settimanali in tutti e quattro i casi fino alla guarigione clinica completa delle lesioni II+DD. Due mucche presentavano inoltre classiche lesioni DD tra i talloni. La guarigione clinica è stata definita come la remissione della II e la completa guarigione delle lesioni DD localizzate sulle lesioni II e tra i talloni. La guarigione completa era evidente in tutti e quattro i casi dopo tre settimane di trattamento. L'applicazione topica della pasta di acido salicilico sotto bendaggio, ripetuta settimanalmente, può essere raccomandata come alternativa al trattamento chirurgico e antibiotico delle lesioni II+DD. | it |
pair_34881719 | Since the spread of classical digital dermatitis (DD) lesions within the cattle population, frequency of infections of interdigital hyperplasia (IH) lesions with DD-associated Treponema spp. (IH+DD) increased. The aim of the present case series is to describe an alternative treatment technique to surgical lesion removal or local treatment of HI+DD lesions with antibiotics. In this report, the effect of repeated local administration of salicylic acid paste, protected by a water repellent bandage was described and assessed for the treatment of four dairy cows with IH+DD lesions. Milker's fat Eutra was applied to the unaffected skin adjacent to the lesion to protect healthy skin from the keratolytic properties of salicylic acid paste. Treatment was repeated at weekly intervals in all four cases until the IH+DD lesions had completely clinically healed. Two cows additionally showed classical DD lesions between the heels. Clinical healing was defined as remission of IH and complete healing of the DD lesions located on IH lesions and between the heels. Complete healing was evident at three weeks of treatment in all four cases. Weekly repeated topical application of salicylic acid paste under bandage may be recommended as an alternative to surgical or antibiotic treatment of IH+DD lesions. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Depuis la propagation des lésions classiques de dermatite digitale (DD) dans la population bovine, on constate une multiplication des hyperplasies interdigitées infectées par des Treponema spp. associés à la DD (IH+DD). Le but de cette étude de cas est de décrire une méthode alternative de traitement des lésions IH+DD en remplacement de l'excision chirurgicale resp. du traitement local avec des antibiotiques. L'effet d'une application locale répétée sous pansement d'une pâte à base d'acide salicylique pour le traitement de quatre vaches présentant des lésions IH+DD est décrit et évalué dans ce rapport. De la graisse à traire a été appliquée sur la peau saine adjacente, afin de la protéger des effets kératolytiques de la pâte à base d'acide salicylique. Le traitement a été répété à intervalles d'une semaine jusqu'à guérison clinique complète des lésions IH+DD pour les quatre cas. Deux vaches présentaient en plus des lésions classiques de DD dans la région des talons. La guérison clinique a été définie comme l'involution de l'hyperplasie interdigitée et la guérison complète des lésions de DD situées en surface et entre les talons. La durée jusqu'à la guérison clinique complète était dans les quatre cas de trois semaines. Une application topique répétée de pâte à bas d'acide salicylique sous pansement peut être recommandée comme alternative au traitement chirurgical et antibiotique de lésions IH+DD. | fr |
pair_34881719 | Since the spread of classical digital dermatitis (DD) lesions within the cattle population, frequency of infections of interdigital hyperplasia (IH) lesions with DD-associated Treponema spp. (IH+DD) increased. The aim of the present case series is to describe an alternative treatment technique to surgical lesion removal or local treatment of HI+DD lesions with antibiotics. In this report, the effect of repeated local administration of salicylic acid paste, protected by a water repellent bandage was described and assessed for the treatment of four dairy cows with IH+DD lesions. Milker's fat Eutra was applied to the unaffected skin adjacent to the lesion to protect healthy skin from the keratolytic properties of salicylic acid paste. Treatment was repeated at weekly intervals in all four cases until the IH+DD lesions had completely clinically healed. Two cows additionally showed classical DD lesions between the heels. Clinical healing was defined as remission of IH and complete healing of the DD lesions located on IH lesions and between the heels. Complete healing was evident at three weeks of treatment in all four cases. Weekly repeated topical application of salicylic acid paste under bandage may be recommended as an alternative to surgical or antibiotic treatment of IH+DD lesions. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Seit der Ausbreitung der klassischen Dermatitis digitalis (DD)-Läsionen in der Rindviehpopulation kommen Infektionen von Hyperplasia interdigitalis (HI)-Läsionen mit DD-assoziierten Treponema spp. (HI+DD) vermehrt vor. Ziel der vorliegenden Fallserie ist es, eine alternative Behandlungstechnik zur chirurgischen Entfernung respektive lokalen Behandlung von HI+DD Läsionen mit Antibiotika zu beschreiben. In diesem Bericht wurde die Wirkung einer wiederholten lokalen Applikation von Salicylsäurepaste, welche durch einen Verband geschützt war, zur Behandlung von vier Milchkühen mit HI+DD Läsionen beschrieben und beurteilt. Zusätzlich wurde Melkfett Eutra auf die angrenzenden gesunden Hautbereiche appliziert, um die gesunde Haut vor den keratolytischen Eigenschaften der Salicylsäurepaste zu schützen. Die Behandlung wurde bei allen vier Fällen in wöchentlichen Abständen bis zur vollständigen klinischen Heilung der HI+DD Läsionen wiederholt. Zwei Kühe zeigten zusätzlich klassische DD Läsionen im Zwischenballenbereich. Klinische Heilung wurde als Rückbildung der HI und vollständige Heilung der aufsitzenden und sich im Zwischenballenbereich befindenden DD Läsionen definiert. Die Dauer bis zur vollständigen klinischen Heilung betrug in allen vier Fällen drei Wochen. Die wiederholte topische Anwendung von Salicylsäurepaste unter Verband kann als Alternative zur chirurgischen oder antibiotischen Behandlung von HI+DD Läsionen empfohlen werden. | de |
pair_31699958 | Cystic tumors of the pancreas are increasingly common lesions. Unlike mucinous cystic tumors, serous cystadenomas are benign lesions and do not pose a risk of cancer. Often seen in women in the 6th and 8th decades, they are rarely seen in younger women or in male patients. Serous cystadenomas do not require surgical treatment unless they produce symptoms due to compression. Sometimes they may be misdiagnosed as cystic neuroendocrine tumors and resected because of the contrast enhancement on contrast enhanced cross-sectional studies. The purpose of this article is a translational analysis of why a cystic tumor enhances. The preoperative T2 HASTE, fat-suppressed T2 Turbo Spin Echo sequences, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, diffusion weighted images, ex-vivo high-resolution T2 HASTE images of the post-operative pathologic specimen and immunohistochemical analysis with vascular marker CD31 were compared in a 58-yearold male patient with a pancreatic corpus microcystic serous cystadenoma. The nodular lesion is observed as fluid signal in T2 weighted sequences and enhancing in postcontrast series. Exvivo high-resolution MRI has also revealed cysts with millimetric different sizes and septations within the lesion. Evaluation with the CD31 vascular marker showed that fibrous septa between the cysts were dense vascular and stained. We show here that microcystic serous cystadenomas have intense vascularity of their septations that enhance in cross-sectional studies, especially when the cyst diameter is smaller. CD31, Microcystic, MRI, Serous cystadenoma. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | I tumori cistici del pancreas, sempre più comuni, e a differenza di quelli mucinosi, i cistoadenomi sierosi sono lesioni benigne e non presentano un rischio di cancro. Spesso visti nelle donne tra i 60 e gli 80 anni, raramente si incontrano in donne più giovani o nei pazienti maschi. I cistoadenomi sierosi non richiedono un trattamento chirurgico a meno che non producano sintomi dovuti alla compressione. A volte possono essere diagnosticati erroneamente come tumori neuroendocrini cistici e resecati a causa del potenziamento del contrasto negli studi trasversali potenziati dal contrasto. Lo scopo di questo articolo è un’analisi del perché un tumore cistico migliora. Sono state messe a confronto T2 HASTE, sequenze T2 Turbo Spin Echo soppresse di grasso, sequenze colangiopancreatografiche di risonanza magnetica, immagini ponderate per diffusione del preoperatorio, con le immagini T2 HASTE ad alta risoluzione ex vivo del campione padel tologico post-operatorio e analisi immunoistochimica con marcatore vascolare CD31 in un paziente di 58 anni con un cistadenoma sieroso microcistico del corpo pancreatico. La lesione nodulare è stata osservata come segnale fluido in sequenze ponderate T2 e potenziamento in serie postcontrasto. La risonanza magnetica ad alta risoluzione ex vivo ha anche rivelato cisti con dimensioni e settazioni millimetriche diverse all’interno della lesione. La valutazione con il marker vascolare CD31 ha mostrato che i setti fibrosi tra le cisti erano densi vascolari e colorati. In conclusione si dimostra in questo caso che i cistadenomi sierici microcistici hanno un’intensa vascolarizzazione delle loro settazioni che si intensifica negli studi trasversali, specialmente quando il diametro della cisti è più piccolo. | it |
pair_31702578 | Bochdalek Hernias are one of the most common types of diaphragmatic hernia, a congenital pathology diagnosed during the neonatal period. In adulthood, diagnosis of a Bochdalek hernia is rare and its complications may be fatal. We report an unusual case of a 60-year-old woman who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to a Bochdalek hernia with herniation of stomach and spleen into the chest with a gastric volvulus. Endoscopy showed a strong suspicion of ischemic suffering of the stomach walls, therefore the patient was subjected to urgent laparotomy. The content was reduced, the stomach was congested but viable and the diaphragmatic hernia defect was closed with interrupted sutures. Bochdalek hernia in an adult may present with a myriad of abdominal symptoms, such as recurrent abdominal pain, postprandial fullness, and vomiting. The hernia size varies and the content of the hernial sac may differ in each case. The sac may contain multiple viscera including the small bowel, colon, stomach and spleen. As in our case, strangulation of the herniated stomach can occur and this condition can lead to gastric perforation, sepsis and even DEATH. Considering the severity of this condition, accurate diagnosis and timely surgical treatment is mandatory to reducing morbidity and mortality. Bochdalek hernia, Gastric volvulus. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L’ ernia di Bochdalek è il tipo più comune di ernia diaframmatica congenita. Nell’età adulta, la diagnosi di ernia di Bochdalek è molto rara e le sue complicanze possono essere estremamente gravi. Viene descritto il caso clinico di una donna di 60 anni ricoverata per un’importante emorragia gastrointestinale. La paziente è stata sottoposta ad una gastroscopia urgente, che ha mostrato una sofferenza ischemica delle pareti dello stomaco. La paziente è stata sottoposta a TC del torace e dell’addome che ha evidenziato la presenza di un’ernia posteriore della parete diaframmatica che conteneva la milza e l’intero stomaco ruotato sul proprio asse. La paziente è stata sottoposta ad una laparotomia esplorativa urgente. Lo stomaco, che si presentava congesto, è stato ridotto in cavità addominale unitamente alla milza. Il difetto della parete diaframmatica è stato chiuso con sutura a punti staccati. L’ernia di Bochdalek negli adulti si può presentare con una eterogeneità di sintomi addominali non specifici, fra i quali i più frequenti sono il dolore addominale ricorrente, la ripienezza postprandiale e il vomito. La dimensione del difetto erniario può variare e il contenuto del suo sacco può differire in ciascun caso. Il sacco può contenere più visceri incluso il piccolo intestino, il colon, lo stomaco e la milza. Come nel caso presentato, può verificarsi lo strangolamento dello stomaco erniato e questa condizione può portare alla perforazione gastrica. Considerando la gravità di questa patologia e la difficoltà diagnostica, il trattamento chirurgico deve essere tempestivo per ridurre la morbilità e la mortalità. | it |
pair_31719215 | The primary hyperparathyroidism is a pathological condition that needs frequent surgical treatment. Usually it is encountered due to a parathyroid adenoma, but in rare cases it is configured as structured parathyroid tissue in a rich environment with a bulk of adipose cells. This pathology initially described as Hamartoma of the parathyroid gland and then as parathyroid adenolipoma is rarely encountered and it requires special care from medical staff because of the difficulty in its early diagnosis and also its treatment. We are presenting a case treated by our team and a review of the literature on this topic. KEY WORDS: Hyperparathyroidism, Parathyroid surgery, Parathyroid adenolipoma, Parathyroid hamartoma. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L’iperparatiroidismo primario è una condizione patologica che richiede in genere un trattamento chirurgico. Di solito è l’effetto di un adenoma paratiroideo, ma in rari casi è configurato come tessuto paratiroideo localizzato all’interno di un tessuto ricco di cellule adipose. Questa patologia inizialmente descritta come amartoma della ghiandola paratiroide e poi come adenolipoma paratiroideo è di raro riscontro, e richiede impegno particolare da parte dei medici per la difficoltà della sua diagnosi precoce e anche del suo trattamento. Presentiamo qui un caso trattato dal nostro team e una revisione della letteratura su questo argomento. | it |
pair_31719216 | Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common surgical procedures in man. Immediate postoperative pain is an important issue that can delay hospital discharge. Besides, the presence of chronic pain after herniorrhaphy, which can affect up to 50% of patients, is a growing concern. However information regarding the precise etiological factors of this chronic postoperative pain is lacking. One factor thought to contribute to post herniorrhaphy chronic pain is the surgical procedure for inguinal hernia repair used by the surgeon. The study was conducted over a period of 5 years and included 1000 consecutive patients operated with inguinal hernia. Each patients completed a questionnaire about the presence or absence of pain or sensory disorders. After completed only 365 of patients remains in the study. From this patients, a total of 38 had different intensity of pain. From those, 13% were operated through an tissular procedure, whereas the laparoscopic procedure was responsible only for 7% of the patients with chronic postoperative pain. Most of the patients had mild or moderate pain and only one patient experienced severe pain. According to the type of procedure performed, in 25 patients were used the tissular procedure and only 12 patients with laparoscopic hernia repair had chronic pain. The etiology of chronic groin pain post hernia repair is related in part to nerve injury. This is supported by the high frequency of sensory symptoms and numbness in these patients. However other factors including the role of tissue injury and inflammatory postoperative changes need to be considered. Chronic postoperative pain, Inguinal hernia repair, Open surgery, Laparoscopic surgery. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Gli interventi chirurgici per la riparazione dell’ernia inguinale sono tra i più frequenti all’interno dei servizi chirurgici. Il dolore cronico post-operatorio è un’importante causa di morbilità che può portare ad una prolungata ospedalizzazione e maggiori costi nel sistema sanitario. Il dolore cronico post-operatorio può verificarsi in quasi il 50% dei casi, ma la sua eziologia non è ancora del tutto chiara. Uno dei principali fattori eziologici riconosciuti è la tecnica chirurgica utilizzata. Lo scopo di questo studio è quello di valutare la frequenza con cui si manifesta il dolore cronico in seguito all’intervento chirurgico di riparazione dell’ernia inguinale e di valutarne la frequenza secondo la procedura dell’operatore. Ho condotto uno studio retrospettivo che si estende per un periodo di cinque anni in un centro chirurgico universitario. In questo studio sono stati inclusi 1.000 pazienti che sono stati operati all’ernia inguinale. Ogni paziente ha compilato un questionario sulla presenza o assenza del dolore cronico o sui cambiamenti sensoriali postoperatori. Dopo la raccolta dei questionari sono rimasti solo 365 pazienti per lo studio. 38 di loro hanno avuto dolori cronici di varia intensità. Nel 13% dei casi con il dolore cronico è stata applicata una procedura tissutale, solo con la sutura senza protesi. Dopo la tecnica laparoscopica solo il 7% dei pazienti manifestavano dolore cronico. In termini di intensità del dolore, la maggior parte dei pazienti ha avuto dolori di intensità lieve o moderata, solo un paziente ha riscontrato dolore di forte intensità. Il dolore cronico post-operatorio dopo la cura chirurgica dell’ernia inguinale è più frequente, dopo la chirurgia a cielo aperto, rispetto alle tecniche endoscopiche. Nel nostro studio è stato due volte più frequente. Abbiamo dato una spiegazione a questo fatto con la produzione di un tessuto cicatriziale periprotesico e la modifica della posizione della protesi. Il dolore cronico post-operatorio è principalmente una conseguenza della lesione traumatica dei nervi nella regione inguinale. Tuttavia bisogna prendere in considerazione il processo infiammatorio post-operatorio e il trauma ai tessuti che ne consegue. | it |
pair_31723050 | İNTRODUCTION : Angiomyxoma is a rare slow-growing soft tissue myxoid cell tumor that usually arises in the pelvis and perineal regions and occurs predominantly in women in the fourth decade. Angiomyxomas usually present as often initially misdiagnosed asymptomatic masses. Most common clinical early diagnoses of aggressive angiomyxomas are in form Of Vulvar Masses, Vulvar Lipomas, Bartholin's Cysts, Levator Hernias, Inguinal Hernias Or Cervical Polyps. This paper presents the case of the pelvic angiomyxoma diagnosis of a 41 year old with early findings of suspicious obturator hernia during the initial physical examination. The dissection was extended from the right retrorectal area to the ischiorectal cavity and the mass was reached. The capsulated mass of 10*15 cm with soft consistency was completely released and unblocked, it was excised from the abdomen through the incision using wound protection The obturator defect was repaired with interrupted sutures. Angiomyxoma is a rare, benign and locally aggressive tumor, which can infiltrate locally and present unusually as perineal hernia. Due to its rarity and lack of specific diagnostic requirements, it's difficult to diagnose preoperatively KEY WORDS: Angiomyxoma, Obturator hernia, Pelvic mass. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L’angiomixoma è un raro tumore delle cellule mixoidi dei tessuti molli a crescita lenta che di solito si manifesta nella regione pelvica e perineale, prevalentemente in donne nel quarto decennio di vita. Gli angiomixomi di solito presentano masse asintomatiche spesso inizialmente esposte ad errori di diagnosi. Le diagnosi cliniche iniziali più comuni in caso di angiomixomi aggressivi sono sotto di masse vulvari, lipomi vulvari, cisti di Bartolino, ernie del muscolo levatore, ernie inguinali o polipi cervicali. Viene qui presentato il caso di un angiomixoma pelvico di un uomo di 41 anni con iniziale sospetto di ernia otturatoria durante l’esame fisico iniziale. La dissezione chirurgica è stata estesa dall’area retrorettale destra alla cavità ischiorettale e la massa è stata individuata. Si trattava di una massa capsulata di 10 x 15 cm con consistenza morbida, che è stata completamente liberata ed asportata dall’addome attraverso l’incisione facendo attenzione alla protezione della ferita. Il difetto dell’otturatore è stato riparato con suture a punti staccati. L’angiomixoma è un tumore raro, benigno ma localmente aggressivo, che può infiltrarsi localmente e presentarsi insolitamente come ernia perineale. A causa della sua rarità e della mancanza di requisiti diagnostici specifici, è difficile diagnosticare prima dell’intervento. | it |
pair_31723051 | The association of rectal prolapse and colorectal cancer is quite rare and only a few cases have been reported previously in the literature. It is unclear whether colorectal cancer triggers rectal prolapse. A 77-year-old male patient presented to our emergency department with complete rectal prolapse, and an anterior resection was performed after rectal digital examination revealed a mass. The pathology result came back as mucinous adenocarcinoma in the sigmoid colon and the postoperative period was uneventful. Considering the age group in which rectal prolapse is most commonly seen, and the change in bowel habits, chronic constipation and irritation chronic seen in rectal prolapse may be responsible for the development of rectum cancer, therefore endoscopic screening should not be overlooked in rectal prolapse cases. Anorectal emergencies, Colon cancer, Rectal prolapse. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | L’associazione tra prolasso rettale e carcinoma del colonretto è piuttosto rara e solo pochi casi sono stati riportati nella precedente letteratura. Non è chiaro se il tumore del colon-retto inneschi il prolasso rettale. Viene qui presentato il caso di un uomo di 77 anni giunto al nostro pronto soccorso con prolasso rettale completo e su cui si è eseguita una resezione anteriore dopo che l’esame digitale rettale aveva ha rivelato la presenza di una massa. Il referto patologico è stato di adenocarcinoma mucinoso nel colon sigmoideo. Il periodo postoperatorio è stato privo di eventi. Considerando la fascia di età in cui si osserva più comunemente il prolasso rettale con il cambiamento nelle abitudini intestinali, costipazione cronica e irritazione osservati nel prolasso rettale cronico possono essere responsabili dello sviluppo del cancro del retto, pertanto lo screening endoscopico non deve essere trascurato nel caso del prolasso rettale. | it |
pair_25475531 | Hepatic adenomas are uncommon benign tumours of the liver which may eventually present with acute onset following rupture of the lesion and haemorrhage. We present here a unique case of strangulated adenoma of the liver presenting as acute abdomen. A 27-year-old woman taking oral contraceptives, presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain, palpable abdominal mass, fever, and neutrophilia. An abdominal ultrasound showed a 3-cm hepatic nodule and an 11-cm mesogastric mass. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a 2.3-cm liver adenoma and a 13-cm pedunculated mass of the liver showing no contrast enhancement suggestive of pedicle torsion with ischemia of the mass. The patient underwent an emergent open resection of the strangulated liver mass, she recovered without complications, and was discharged home after three days. Final pathology confirmed an hepatocellular adenoma with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage. The clinical significance of the disease is discussed. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Gli adenomi epatici sono rari tumori benigni del fegato che possono manifestarsi acutamente a seguito di rottura della lesione ed emorragia. Presentiamo qui un interessante caso di addome acuto causato da un adenoma epatico strozzato. Una donna di 27 anni in terapia con contraccettivi orali, si presentò al pronto soccorso con dolore e massa addominale palpabile, febbre e neutrofilia. L’ecografia addominale dimostrava un nodulo epatico di 3 cm e una massa mesogastrica di 11 cm. La tomografia computerizzata dell’addome rivelò un adenoma epatico di 2,3 cm e una massa epatica peduncolata di 13 cm che non acquisiva il mezzo di contrasto, suggerendo quindi torsione del peduncolo e ischemia della massa. La paziente è stata sottoposta a resezione chirurgica urgente della massa epatica strozzata per via laparotomica; non ha presentato complicazioni post-operatorie ed è stata dimessa a casa dopo tre giorni. L’esame istologico definitivo ha confermato la diagnosi di adenoma epatocellulare con aree di necrosi ed emorragia. Si discute il significato clinico del caso con revisione della letteratura. | it |
pair_29515021 | Metastases to thyroid gland are a rare occurrence in surgical practice. The most frequent primitive tumor is renal cell carcinoma. We report a case of thyroid metastasis from renal cell carcinoma in a 70-year-old man who underwent left nephrectomy ten years earlier, presented with a diagnosis of multinodular goiter, associated with thyroiditis and right laterocervical lymphadenopathy. A total and the surgical excision of laterocervical lymph node were performed. The results, according to the histological examination, were metastases from renal cell carcinoma, involving both the thyroid gland and the lymph node. Therefore, since the delay of presentation and the difficulties of diagnosis, we recommend log-term follow-up of the head and neck region, for those patients with renal cell carcinoma diagnosis. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Le metastasi tiroidee hanno una percentuale di incidenza molto bassa, le più frequenti sono quelle dovute al carcinoma renale. In questo lavoro presentiamo il caso di in un paziente di sesso maschile di 70 anni, sottoposto circa 10 anni prima a nefrectomia sinistra per carcinoma renale. Il paziente è giunto alla nostra osservazione con diagnosi preoperatoria di gozzo multinodulare associato a tiroidite autoimmunitaria ed a linfadenopatia laterocervicale destra. Il paziente è stato sottoposto a tiroidectomia totale ed asportazione chirurgica del linfonodo laterocervicale destro. L’esame istologico ha esitato nella diagnosi di metastasi da carcinoma renale interessanti sia uno dei noduli tiroidei che il linfonodo laterocervicale. In considerazione del ritardo di presentazione e delle difficoltà diagnostiche, è consigliabile nei pazienti affetti da carcinoma renale anche un accurato follow-up a lungo termine del distretto testa-collo. | it |
pair_29527126 | This article traces what recent research and primary sources tell us about psychotherapy in Communist Europe, and how it survived both underground and above the surface. In particular, I will elaborate on the psychotherapeutic techniques that were popular across the different countries and language cultures of the Soviet sphere, with a particular focus upon the Cold War period. This article examines the literature on the mixed fortunes of psychoanalysis and group therapies in the region. More specifically, it focuses upon the therapeutic modalities such as work therapy, suggestion and rational therapy, which gained particular popularity in the Communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The latter two approaches had striking similarities with parallel developments in behavioural and cognitive therapies in the West. In part, this was because clinicians on both sides of the 'iron curtain' drew upon shared European traditions from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Nevertheless, this article argues that in the Soviet sphere, those promoting these approaches appropriated socialist thought as a source of inspiration and justification, or at the very least, as a convenient political shield. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Questo articolo tratteggia ciò che la ricerca recente e le fonti principali dicono della psicoterapia nell'Europa comunista e di come essa sia sopravvissuta sia in modo nascosto sia in modo più evidente. Inoltre, vengono approfondite le tecniche psicoterapeutiche più popolari nei diversi paesi e culture della sfera sovietica, con particolare attenzione al periodo della Guerra Fredda. L’articolo esamina quindi la letteratura sulle fortune alterne della psicoanalisi e delle terapie di gruppo in questa area geografica. Più specificamente, si focalizza su alcune prassi terapeutiche come la terapia del lavoro, la suggestione e la terapia razionale che hanno avuto ampia popolarità nei paesi comunisti dell'Europa centrale e orientale. Gli ultimi due approcci presentano sorprendenti somiglianze con le terapie comportamentali e cognitive che, in parallelo, si andavano sviluppando in Occidente. Ciò era anche dovuto al fatto che i clinici di entrambe le parti della 'cortina di ferro' attingevano da tradizioni europee condivise tra la fine del XIX e l'inizio del XX secolo. Tuttavia, questo articolo sostiene che nella sfera sovietica, coloro che promuovevano questi approcci si appropriavano del pensiero socialista come fonte di ispirazione e giustificazione, o per lo meno come un conveniente scudo politico. | it |
pair_29527126 | This article traces what recent research and primary sources tell us about psychotherapy in Communist Europe, and how it survived both underground and above the surface. In particular, I will elaborate on the psychotherapeutic techniques that were popular across the different countries and language cultures of the Soviet sphere, with a particular focus upon the Cold War period. This article examines the literature on the mixed fortunes of psychoanalysis and group therapies in the region. More specifically, it focuses upon the therapeutic modalities such as work therapy, suggestion and rational therapy, which gained particular popularity in the Communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The latter two approaches had striking similarities with parallel developments in behavioural and cognitive therapies in the West. In part, this was because clinicians on both sides of the 'iron curtain' drew upon shared European traditions from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Nevertheless, this article argues that in the Soviet sphere, those promoting these approaches appropriated socialist thought as a source of inspiration and justification, or at the very least, as a convenient political shield. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Cet article retrace ce que les recherches récentes et les sources principales nous disent au sujet de la psychothérapie dans l’Europe communiste et comment elle a survécu à la fois de manière souterraine et en surface. Je mettrai l’accent, en particulier, sur les techniques psychothérapeutiques qui étaient populaires dans les différents pays et cultures langagières de la sphère soviétique avec une référence plus spécifique à la période de la guerre froide. Cet article examine la littérature portant sur les résultats mitigés de la psychanalyse et des thérapies de groupe dans cette région. Il se concentre plus spécifiquement sur les modalités thérapeutiques telles que la thérapie par le travail, la suggestion et la thérapie rationnelle, qui furent très populaires dans les pays communistes d’Europe Centrale et de l’Est. Les deux dernières modalités présentent des ressemblances étonnantes avec les développements des thérapies comportementales et cognitives de l’Ouest. Ceci est dû en partie au fait que les cliniciens des deux côtés du rideau de fer se sont inspirés de traditions européennes communes datant de la fin du 19ieme, début du 20ieme siècle. Cependant cet article soutient que dans la sphère soviétique, ceux qui promouvaient ces approches s’appropriaient la pensée socialiste en tant que source d’inspiration et de justification, ou tout du moins, en faisait le bouclier politique idéal. | fr |
pair_29527126 | This article traces what recent research and primary sources tell us about psychotherapy in Communist Europe, and how it survived both underground and above the surface. In particular, I will elaborate on the psychotherapeutic techniques that were popular across the different countries and language cultures of the Soviet sphere, with a particular focus upon the Cold War period. This article examines the literature on the mixed fortunes of psychoanalysis and group therapies in the region. More specifically, it focuses upon the therapeutic modalities such as work therapy, suggestion and rational therapy, which gained particular popularity in the Communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The latter two approaches had striking similarities with parallel developments in behavioural and cognitive therapies in the West. In part, this was because clinicians on both sides of the 'iron curtain' drew upon shared European traditions from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Nevertheless, this article argues that in the Soviet sphere, those promoting these approaches appropriated socialist thought as a source of inspiration and justification, or at the very least, as a convenient political shield. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Este artículo rastrea lo que las investigaciones recientes y fuentes fidedignas nos dicen acerca de la psicoterapia en la Europa comunista y cómo ésta sobrevivió en dos formas: abiertamente y en la clandestinidad. Particularmente me referiré a las técnicas psicoterapéuticas que fueron populares a través de los diferentes países y lenguajes culturales de la esfera soviética con especial foco en el período de la ‘’guerra fria’’. Se examina la literatura acerca de la suerte desigual del psicoanálisis y de las terapias de grupo en la región, concentrándonos específicamente en algunas modalidades como la terapia de trabajo, la sugestión y la terapia racional, las cuales fueron muy utilizadas en los países comunistas de la Europa Central y del Este. Los últimos dos métodos tuvieron sorprendentes similitudes con el desarrollo de la terapia behaviorista y las terapias cognitivas en el Oeste. De alguna manera ésto fue así, porque a ambos lados de la ‘’cortina de hierro’’ los profesionales se inspiraron en las tradiciones europeas compartidas desde finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX; sin embargo, este artículo argumenta que dentro de la esfera soviética aquéllos que promovieron estos métodos se apropiaron del pensamiento socialista como fuente de inspiración y justificación o al menos como un escudo político conveniente. | es |
pair_29527127 | This article explores the scope of 'religion-psy dialogue' in the mid-twentieth century, via a case study from Japan: Kosawa Heisaku, a Buddhist psychoanalyst based in Tokyo. By putting this case study in brief comparative perspective, with the conversation that took place in 1965 between Paul Tillich and Carl Rogers, the article discusses both the promise and the pitfalls of the modern and contemporary world of 'religion-psy dialogue', alongside the means by which specialists in a variety of fields might investigate and hold it to account. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Questo articolo esplora la portata del 'dialogo religione-psi' a metà del XX secolo, attraverso un caso proveniente dal Giappone: Kosawa Heisaku, uno psicoanalista buddista di Tokyo. Comparando questa esperienza con la conversazione che ebbe luogo nel 1965 tra Paul Tillich e Carl Rogers, l'articolo discute sia le opportunità che le insidie presenti nel 'dialogo religione-psi' che caratterizza il mondo moderno e contemporaneo, oltre che i mezzi che potrebbero essere utilizzati da una varietà di specialisti in campi diversi per ampliare tale dialogo. | it |
pair_29527127 | This article explores the scope of 'religion-psy dialogue' in the mid-twentieth century, via a case study from Japan: Kosawa Heisaku, a Buddhist psychoanalyst based in Tokyo. By putting this case study in brief comparative perspective, with the conversation that took place in 1965 between Paul Tillich and Carl Rogers, the article discusses both the promise and the pitfalls of the modern and contemporary world of 'religion-psy dialogue', alongside the means by which specialists in a variety of fields might investigate and hold it to account. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Cet article explore le cadre du « dialogue religion-psy » du milieu du 20ième siècle à travers une étude de cas japonaise du psychanalyste bouddhiste Kosawa Heisaku de Tokyo. En comparant cette brève étude de cas avec la conversation qui eut lieu en 1965 entre Paul Tillich et Carl Rogers, l’article discute à la fois la promesse mais aussi les écueils du monde moderne et contemporain du « dialogue religion-psy » ainsi que les moyens par lesquels des spécialistes venant de champs divers pourraient l’examiner et le tenir pour responsable. | fr |
pair_29527127 | This article explores the scope of 'religion-psy dialogue' in the mid-twentieth century, via a case study from Japan: Kosawa Heisaku, a Buddhist psychoanalyst based in Tokyo. By putting this case study in brief comparative perspective, with the conversation that took place in 1965 between Paul Tillich and Carl Rogers, the article discusses both the promise and the pitfalls of the modern and contemporary world of 'religion-psy dialogue', alongside the means by which specialists in a variety of fields might investigate and hold it to account. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Este artículo explora el alcance del diálogo psicoterapia – religión a mediados del siglo XX, vía el estudio de un caso clinico en Japón: KOSAWA HEISAKU, un psicoanalista budista basado en Tokio. Colocando este estudio de caso en una perspectiva breve, durante una conversación que tuvo lugar en 1965 entre Paul Tillich and Carl Rogers, el artículo presenta dos aspectos: la promesa y los errores del mundo moderno contemporáneo del ‘‘diálogo psicoanálisis – religión’’, así como también los medios por los cuales los especialistas en diferentes campos podrían investigar y llamar a juicio los resultados. | es |
pair_31366738 | Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm affecting soft tissues with a not well defined biological behavior. SFT occurs mostly in the pleura and the thorax, while extra-thoracic localization is uncommon and abdominal localization is very rare. Histologically, SFT is a well defined mass with splindle-cell proliferation in collagenous matrix with staghorn vascular network and CD34 reactive. A 64 years-old man with a history of recurrent gastric cancer previously treated with total gastrectomy, was admitted with contrast enhanced CT-scan diagnosis of a well demarcated oval mass of 4.8 cm with microcysts, vascularized in the arterial phase and with wash out in the tardive phase, located in the peritoneal side of right rectus abdominis muscle, suspected for metastatic gastric tumor. The patient underwent minilaparotomy and en-bloc excision of the lesion. Histologically the tumor was characterized by a hemangiopericitoma like growth pattern and the immunostaining was positive to CD34, CD99, BCL-2 and Vimentin. The definitive diagnosis was SFT with a proliferation index (Ki-67/MIB-1) <3%. In our case, chemotherapy was not indicated. At the 6-month follow-up, the patient is in good clinical conditions with no recurrence or metastasis. We reported a rare case of primitive SFT located in peritoneal side of the of right rectus abdominis muscle treated surgically, in a patient previously affected by gastric adenocarcinoma. In this case, SFT showed a benign behaviour during a short term follow-up. Dimensional pattern, histopathological features and curative surgery remain the most important indicators of clinical outcome. Abdominal wall, Hemangiopericitoma, SFT, Solitary fibrous tumorSpindle cell. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Il tumore fibroso solitario (SFT) è un tumore mesenchimale raro che colpisce I tessuti molli. Tale tumore non ha un comportamento biologico ben definito e si localizza prevalentemente a livello pleurico e toracico. La localizzazione extra-toracica è rara e quella addominale è ancora più infrequente. Morfologicamente, il tumore fibroso solitario si presenta come una massa solida ben definita con proliferazione a cellule fusate in matrice collagenosa, vascolarizzazione “staghorn-like” e positività al CD34. Riportiamo il caso clinico di un paziente di 64 anni con una storia di pregresso cancro gastrico trattato con una gastrectomia totale che si presentava alla nostra osservazione per il riscontro alla TC con mdc di follow-up, di una massa ovale con margini ben definiti di circa 4.8 cm di diametro localizzata sul versante peritoneale del muscolo retto dell’addome di destra. La massa si presentava microcistica al suo interno e vascolarizzata nella fase arteriosa, con wash-out nella fase tardiva. Il paziente non presentava sintomi e il quadro radiologico non permetteva una diagnosi differenziale tra metastasi da cancro gastrico o altra patologia neoplastica. Gli esami di laboratorio si presentavano nella norma. Il paziente è stato sottoposto ad intervento chirurgico con minilaparotomia e resezione en-bloc della lesione. All’esame istologico post-operatorio, il tumore presentava un pattern di crescita tipo “hemangiopericitoma-like” e positività per CD34, CD99, BCL-2 e Vimentina con diagnosi finale di tumore fibroso solitario e un indice di proliferazione (Ki-67/MIB-1) inferiore al 3%. Nel nostro caso, la chemioterapia post-operatoria non risultava indicata. A 6 mesi dall’intervento il paziente si presenta in buone condizioni cliniche generali con nessun segno di recidiva o metastasi alle indagini di follow-up. Dato il comportamento biologico incerto del tumore, si raccomanda comunque un follow-up a lungo termine. I criteri dimensionali, le caratteristiche istopatologiche e di proliferazione e la radicalità della chirurgia rappresentano gli indicatori più importanti di outcome clinico. | it |
pair_23685310 | In the pediatric age, mediastinal teratomas are an infrequent observation, accounting for only 7%-11% of extragonadal teratomas. Mainly located in the anterior mediastinum arising from the thymic gland, or exceptionally, from ectopic thyroid tissue, they may rarely be observed in the posterior mediastinum, sometimes in a paravertebral position, simulating a neuroblastoma. The Authors have extrapolated, from their entire experience of teratomas, 3 cases, mostly operated as emergencies; 1 of them was treated just after birth. Aim of this paper is to report the clinical and pathologic findings, to evaluate the surgical approach and the long-term biological behaviour in these cases, in the light of survival and current insights reported in the literature. The Authors reviewed the most significant clinical, laboratory, radiologic and pathologic findings, surgical procedures, and early and long-term results in 3 children, 2 males and 1 female, suffering from extragonadal teratomas, located in the mediastinum, treated immediately after birth. In 1 of them the lesion was prenatally diagnosed by US scanning between the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. All the infants were born by scheduled caesarean section in a tertiary care hospital and were then immediately referred to the N.I.C.U. because of a mostly acute clinical presentation. The 3 patients were referred to the surgical unit at different ages, namely 2 days, 10 years and 12.5 years, respectively. The initial clinical presentation was consistent with the site of the mass and/or its side-effects. The first patient, a female newborn, presented a worsening condition of respiratory distress, immediately after birth, that required mechanical ventilation and stabilization of the vital signs. Likewise, the presentation of case No. 2 was acute with dyspnea associated with an upper airways infection. Instead, the initial symptoms in case No. 3 were subacute and non-specific, characterized by worsening pain at the right shoulder extending to the neck and homolateral arm. The patients underwent laboratory and radiologic investigations that confirmed the clinical diagnosis of teratoma on the basis of elevated AFP values in 2 cases only (Case No. 1 and No. 2), while calcifications were lacking at imaging in all 3 patients. Emergency surgical management was required and, in accordance with recommended practice, the procedure was complete exeresis. All the patients underwent close long-term clinical, laboratory and imaging surveillance at shorter intervals during the first 5 years after the exeresis and annually thereafter. At the present time they are alive, disease-free and have not suffered any recurrence and/or distant metastases, with a follow-up of 7, 30 and 3 years respectively. Some extragonadal teratomas of childhood may rarely arise in the mediastinum. Being congenital tumors, prenatal diagnosis by US scan is extremely important in order to organize proper perinatal care in appropriate facilities where it is possible to define the diagnosis, and equipped with appropriate tools to carry out emergency surgery at minimal risk and to prevent severe complications after birth. An emergency procedure is frequently dictated both by complications related to the mass effect, and by the need to define the histology of the whole mass rather than just small biopsy specimens. Some teratomas can hide more or less extensive islands of immaturity or signs of malignant transformation that are clinically evident. It should be noted that calcifications and high levels of AFP and/or beta-HCG, usually pathognomonic elements for diagnosis, may not always be evident during the diagnostic work-up in mediastinal lesions. The prognosis is generally benign, although the AIEOP 2004 guidelines pointed out that high levels of circulating markers, including AFP, in children affected by mature or immature teratomas would indicate the presence of micro-foci of YST, marking them out as at high risk. The UKCCSG II and the SFOP indicated AFP values exceeding 10,000 ng / ml as the threshold identifying a group of patients with a severe prognosis.The treatment indicated is early, complete exeresis, followed by a careful, extensive microscopic examination and associated, if necessary, with adjuvant chemotherapy. Finally, in accordance with recommended practice, close, long-term clinical, laboratory and imaging surveillance is necessary, at shorter intervals during the first 5 years after the exeresis. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La localizzazione nel mediastino dei teratomi extragonadici rappresenta un evento infrequente nell’età pediatrica. Gli Autori hanno estrapolato dall’esperienza complessiva sui teratomi 3 casi, per lo più operati d’urgenza. Uno di essi, neonata di 2 giorni con grave distress respiratorio, è stato trattato subito dopo la nascita. Scopo di questo lavoro è quello di riportare i dati clinici ed anatomopatologici, e di valutare e discutere l’approccio chirurgico ed il loro comportamento biologico a lungo termine alla luce della sopravvivenza e delle opinioni correnti riportate in letteratura. | it |
pair_26371979 | Oncoplastic surgery of the breast has generated great excitement over the past years and has become an integrated component of the surgical treatment of breast cancer. Oncoplastic procedures (OPP) associate the best surgical oncologic principles to achieve wide tumor-free margins with the best principles of plastic surgery to optimize cosmetic outcomes. Thanks to oncoplastic techniques, the role of breast conserving surgery (BCS) has been extended to include a group of patients who would otherwise require mastectomy to achieve adeguate tumor clearance. However, even with the use of OPP, cosmetic outcomes may result unsatisfying when a large volume of parenchyma has to be removed, particularly in small-medium size breasts. Recently, it has been proposed the use of ORC (Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose) as a reconstructive biomaterial to optimize the aesthetic results after OPP. The aim of this article is to describe the standard pattern of an innovative surgical oncoplastic technique with ORC, that we have called 'QUORC' (QUadrantectomy with Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose), to improve cosmetic results and minimize the possible postoperative complications. Breast cancer, Cosmetic results, Oncoplastic surgery results, Oxidized regenerated cellulose, QUORC. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La chirurgia oncoplastica della mammella ha generato grande entusiasmo negli ultimi anni ed è diventata una componente integrante ed essenziale del trattamento chirurgico dei tumori del seno. Le tecniche oncoplastiche associano i migliori principi della chirurgia oncologica con i migliori principi della chirurgia plastica per ottenere margini indenni da malattia ed al tempo stesso ottimizzare i risultati estetici. Grazie a queste procedure, il trattamento conservativo della mammella è stato esteso ad includere un gruppo di pazienti che altrimenti richiederebbero una mastectomia per ottenere radicalità oncologica. Tuttavia, anche con l’uso delle procedure oncoplastiche, gli esiti cosmetici possono risultare insoddisfacenti nei tumori di voluminose dimensioni in cui è necessario eseguire ampie exeresi parenchimali in particolare in seni di medio-piccole dimensioni. Recentemente, è stato quindi proposto l’uso di Cellulosa Ossidata Rigenerata come biomateriale ricostruttivo per ottimizzare i risultati estetici dopo chirurgia oncoplastica. Lo scopo di questo articolo è quello di descrivere il modello standard di una innovativa tecnica oncoplastica con cellulose ossidata, che abbiamo denominato “QUORC“ (QUadrantectomy with Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose), grazie alla quale sembra possibile migliorare i risultati estetici e ridurre al minimo le possibili complicanze post-operatorie. | it |
pair_34593672 | In the present study, we followed Nidogen-2 levels and clinicopathological parameters of patients with colon cancer. Eighty-eight patients (F/M, 43/45; Mean age ± SD, 57.86 ± 1.78 years) were included. The results of serum Nidogen-2 levels were shown with respect to stage, gender, age, and metastasis. Nidogen-2 levels in the sera of colon cancer patients and healthy donors were analyzed with ELISA. The expression levels were significantly higher in patients (1010.8 ±184.36 pg/mL) than in healthy subjects (51.85 ± 1.44 pg/mL; p<0.001). Moreover, the Nidogen-2 expression significantly increased in the clinical stages of colon cancer (p<0.01). The Nidogen-2 levels did not vary by patient age or gender. Under normal conditions, Nidogen-2 is a basal membrane protein. Nidogen-2 is primarily expressed in the extracellular matrix. Nidogen-2 has been defined as a major means to analyze the molecular pathways involved in cancer development and progression. Besides its important functions, it has been hypothesized that secreted Nidogen-2 may be a diagnostic biomarker for cancer detection. These findings suggest that increased expression of Nidogen-2 may have great pathological importance in the development of colon cancer and may also show a diagnostic value for colon cancer. Angiogenesis, Metastasis, Nidogen-2. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | In questo studio abbiamo confrontato i livelli di Nidogen-2 e i parametri clinico-patologici su 88 pazienti con cancro al colon (F/M, 43/45; Età media 57,86 (54-61), Deviazione Standard = 1,78 anni). I risultati del siero Nidogen-2 sono stati confrontati rispetto a stadio, sesso, età, metastasi. I livelli di nidogeno-2 nel siero di pazienti con cancro al colon e soggetti sani sono stati analizzati con ELISA. Risultati: i livelli di espressione sono risultati significativamente più elevati nei pazienti (1010,8 punti 184,36 pg / mL) rispetto ai soggetti sani (51,85 punti 1,44 pg / mL; p <0,001). Inoltre, l’espressione di Nidogen-2 è aumentata in modo significativo nelle fasi cliniche del cancro del colon (p <0,01). I livelli di Nidogen-2 mom sono risultati risultati differenti con l’età e il sesso dei pazienti. Dunque in una situazione normale Nidogen-2 è una proteina di membrana basale, come espressione di matrice extracellulare. Il Nidogen-2 si è dimostrato valido come mezzo per analizzare le vie molecolari coinvolte nello sviluppo e nella progressione del cancro. Inoltre, per le sue funzioni sostanziali, si presume che il Nidogen-2 secreto possa essere un biomarcatore diagnostico per il rilevamento del cancro In conclusione questi risultati suggeriscono che una maggiore espressione di Nidogen-2 può avere una valenza patologica importante nello sviluppo del cancro del colon e può anche riflettere il valore diagnostico del cancro del colon. | it |
pair_24463320 | The epidemiological situation of strongyle infections in adult horses in Switzerland is characterized by a strong dominance of small strongyles (Cyathostominae) and an overall low level of egg shedding in the faeces. The prevailing attitude towards anthelmintic therapy considers neither husbandry conditions nor pasture hygiene measures. Instead, calendar-based routine medication, comprising usually 3 to 4 annual treatments, is the typical strategy. Such an approach, however, often results in an excessive administration of anthelmintics. With respect to the continuous spread of drug resistant cyathostomins a change of strategy seems inevitable. A consensus has been agreed on between equine parasitologists and clinicians of the Vetsuisse Faculty in Zurich and Berne to focus on the concept of a selective control approach, based on individual faecal egg counts as the central element. It is now recommended that clinically healthy horses (> 4 y) are treated only when their strongyle egg count is equal to or higher than 200 eggs per gram of faeces. A regular analysis of the strongyle population based on larval cultures, the control of drug efficacy, and quarantine measures for incoming horses are mandatory components of the concept. Recent experiences in several pilot farms have indicated that only 4 % of the McMaster analyses resulted in a deworming treatment. For horses that did not receive any nematicidal anthelmintic during the current season, a 'safety' treatment is recommended at the end of the grazing period. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | La situazione epidemiologica delle infezioni di strongili nei cavalli adulti in Svizzera è marcata da una forte dominanza di piccoli strongili (ciathostomi) e da un'escrezione ridotta di uova di parassiti nelle feci. Dal momento che le condizioni di allevamento dei cavalli e le disposizioni igieniche dei pascoli non vengono necessariamente prese in considerazione nella pianificazione delle misure di controllo, ne risulta che la somministrazione di routine basata su 3 – 4 trattamenti annuali è spesso eccessiva rispetto l'uso effettivamente necessario di vermifugi. Dato che le popolazioni di ciathostomi resistenti agli antielmintici sono in continua espansione, è necessario un cambiamento di strategia nel controllo degli elminti. Secondo i criteri per un controllo selettivo, sostenuto da parassitologi e clinici di entrambe le sedi di Vetsuisse, i cavalli adulti (> 4 anni) clinicamente sani sono trattati con vermifugi unicamente quando l'escrezione di uova di strongili supera il valore di 200 per grammo di feci. Punti essenziali di questo concetto sono la differenziazione regolare della popolazione di strongili, il controllo dell'efficacia degli antielmintici e le misure di quarantena per i nuovi arrivi. Le esperienze fatte finora in varie aziende pilota con questa strategia mostrano che solo il 4 % delle analisi delle feci hanno condotto all'effettivo trattamento con antielmintici. Per i cavalli che durante la stagione non hanno ricevuto alcun trattamento vermifugo si consiglia un trattamento di sicurezza alla fine della stagione di pascolo. | it |
pair_24463320 | The epidemiological situation of strongyle infections in adult horses in Switzerland is characterized by a strong dominance of small strongyles (Cyathostominae) and an overall low level of egg shedding in the faeces. The prevailing attitude towards anthelmintic therapy considers neither husbandry conditions nor pasture hygiene measures. Instead, calendar-based routine medication, comprising usually 3 to 4 annual treatments, is the typical strategy. Such an approach, however, often results in an excessive administration of anthelmintics. With respect to the continuous spread of drug resistant cyathostomins a change of strategy seems inevitable. A consensus has been agreed on between equine parasitologists and clinicians of the Vetsuisse Faculty in Zurich and Berne to focus on the concept of a selective control approach, based on individual faecal egg counts as the central element. It is now recommended that clinically healthy horses (> 4 y) are treated only when their strongyle egg count is equal to or higher than 200 eggs per gram of faeces. A regular analysis of the strongyle population based on larval cultures, the control of drug efficacy, and quarantine measures for incoming horses are mandatory components of the concept. Recent experiences in several pilot farms have indicated that only 4 % of the McMaster analyses resulted in a deworming treatment. For horses that did not receive any nematicidal anthelmintic during the current season, a 'safety' treatment is recommended at the end of the grazing period. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | En Suisse, la situation épidémiologique des infestations des chevaux adultes par les strongylidés est caractérisée par une nette dominance des petits strongles (Cyathostominae) et par un faible niveau d'excrétion des œufs de parasites dans les selles. Cars les conditions de détention des chevaux et les mesures relatives à l'hygiène des pâtures ne sont que rarement prises en compte dans la planification des mesures de contrôle des parasitoses, il en résulte un schéma de traitement de routine basé sur 3 à 4 traitements par année, ce qui représente un usage d'anthelminthiques souvent supérieur à la nécessité. Vu le développement continu de populations de cyatostomes résistants aux anthelminthiques, un changement de stratégie dans le contrôle des helminthes est nécessaire. Le contrôle sélectif propagé par les parasitologues et les cliniciens des deux sites de la faculté Vetsuisse propose de seulement traiter les chevaux sains adultes (> de 4 ans) si l'excrétion des œufs de strongles dépasse 200 œufs par gramme de selles. Une différentiation régulière des populations de strongles, le contrôle de l'efficacité des anthelminthiques et des mesures de quarantaines chez les nouveaux venus sont des composants indispensables de ce concept. Les expériences faites jusqu'à présent avec cette stratégie dans plusieurs exploitations-pilotes montrent que seulement 4 % des analyses coprologiques sont suivies par une application d'anthelminthiques. Pour les chevaux qui n'ont pas été vermifugés pendant toute la saison, un traitement de sécurité à la fin de la saison de pâturage est recommandé. | fr |
pair_24463320 | The epidemiological situation of strongyle infections in adult horses in Switzerland is characterized by a strong dominance of small strongyles (Cyathostominae) and an overall low level of egg shedding in the faeces. The prevailing attitude towards anthelmintic therapy considers neither husbandry conditions nor pasture hygiene measures. Instead, calendar-based routine medication, comprising usually 3 to 4 annual treatments, is the typical strategy. Such an approach, however, often results in an excessive administration of anthelmintics. With respect to the continuous spread of drug resistant cyathostomins a change of strategy seems inevitable. A consensus has been agreed on between equine parasitologists and clinicians of the Vetsuisse Faculty in Zurich and Berne to focus on the concept of a selective control approach, based on individual faecal egg counts as the central element. It is now recommended that clinically healthy horses (> 4 y) are treated only when their strongyle egg count is equal to or higher than 200 eggs per gram of faeces. A regular analysis of the strongyle population based on larval cultures, the control of drug efficacy, and quarantine measures for incoming horses are mandatory components of the concept. Recent experiences in several pilot farms have indicated that only 4 % of the McMaster analyses resulted in a deworming treatment. For horses that did not receive any nematicidal anthelmintic during the current season, a 'safety' treatment is recommended at the end of the grazing period. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Die epidemiologische Situation der Strongyliden-Infektionen beim adulten Pferd in der Schweiz ist geprägt von einer starken Dominanz kleiner Strongyliden (Cyathostominae) und einem mehrheitlich geringen Ausscheidungsniveau von Parasiteneiern im Kot. Da die Haltungsbedingungen der Pferde und weidehygienische Massnahmen bei der Planung der Kontrollmassnahmen mehrheitlich unberücksichtigt bleiben, resultiert die kalenderbasierte Routine-Medikation mit 3 bis 4 Behandlungen pro Jahr häufig in einem über dem Bedarf liegenden Einsatz von Anthelminthika. Angesichts der sich kontinuierlich ausbreitenden Populationen Anthelminthika-resistenter Cyathostominen ist ein Strategiewechsel bei der Helminthenkontrolle notwendig. Bei dem von Parasitologen und Klinikern beider Vetsuisse-Standorte propagierten selektiven Kontrollansatz werden klinisch gesunde Pferde (> 4 Jahre) nur noch dann anthelminthisch behandelt, wenn die Ausscheidung von Strongylideneiern einen Wert von 200 pro Gramm Kot überschreitet. Eine regelmässige Differenzierung der Strongylidenpopulation, Wirksamkeitskontrollen der Anthelminthika und Quarantänemassnahmen bei Neuzugängen sind notwendige Komponenten des Konzeptes. Bisherige Erfahrungen mit dieser Strategie in mehreren Pilotbetrieben zeigen, dass nur 4 % der Kotuntersuchungen einen Anthelminthika-Einsatz zur Folge haben. Für die Pferde, die während der Saison kein Anthelminthikum erhielten, wird eine Sicherheitsbehandlung zum Saisonende empfohlen. | de |
pair_24463321 | Prevalences of foot lesions and lameness were recorded in 1'449 Swiss dairy cows during routine claw-trimming on 78 farms from June 2010 until February 2011. Lameness was present in 14.8 % of cows and on 80.8 % of investigated farms. Highest prevalences were seen for widened white line (80.7 %/100 %), signalling foot lesion (65.6 %/98.7 %), heel-horn erosion (34.2 %/88.5 %), digital dermatitis complex (29.1 %/73.1 %), severe hemorrhages (27.9 %/87.2 %), and Rusterholz' sole ulcers (11.5 %/74.4 %) at cow and herd level, respectively. Lower prevalences were found for subclinical laminitis (5.4 %/47.4 %), chronic laminitis (3.3 %/25.6 %), white line disease (4.7 %/42.3 %), double soles (2.6 %/33.3 %), interdigital hyperplasia (3.1 %/33.3 %), sole ulcers (0.4 %/6.4 %), toe infections caused by faulty claw-trimming (3.9 %/39.7 %) and by injury (0.1 %/2.6 %), deep lacerations (0.4 %/6.4 %), and interdigital phlegmona (0.1 %/1.3 %). Lameness and foot lesions were shown to represent important health problems of dairy cows under the conditions of the typical grass-based production system in Switzerland. Digital dermatitis has developed to the most relevant foot disease with a high impact on welfare of Swiss dairy cows within the past 10 years. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Tra giugno 2010 e febbraio 2011 sono stati raccolti i dati sulle malattie del piede e le zoppie, durante la cura di routine del piede di 1449 mucche da latte provenienti da 78 aziende. Il 14.8 % delle mucche erano affette da zoppia e l'80.8 % delle aziende avevano almeno una mucca sofferente. Di frequente i problemi che si riscontravano nelle mucche e nelle mandrie erano: malattia della linea bianca (80.7 %/100 %), malattie del piede segnalate (65.6 %/98.7 %), erosione dell'unghione (34.2 %/88.5 %), dermatite digitale (29.1 %/73.1 %), forte emorragia della suola (27.9 %/87.2 %) e pododermatite circoscritta (11.5 %/74.4 %). Più raramente invece: laminite subclinica (5.4 %/47.4 %), laminite cronica (3.3 %/25.6 %), pododermatite settica (4.7 %/42.3 %), doppia suola (2.6 %/33.3 %), dermatite verrucosa (3.1 %/33.3 %), pododermite asettica circoscritta (0.4 %/6.4 %), infezione della punta del piede durante la cura del piede (3.9 %/39.7 %) ferite (0.1 %/2.6 %), ferite profonde (0.4 %/6.4 %) e phlegmona interdigitalis (0.1 %/1.3 %). Zoppie e malattie del piede sono un problema da non sottovalutare per la salute delle mucche da latte nelle aziende lattifere svizzere tipicamente portate al pascolo. Negli ultimi 10 anni la dermatite digitale è divenuta una malattia del piede importante con enormi conseguenze negative per il benessere delle mucche da latte svizzere. | it |
pair_24463321 | Prevalences of foot lesions and lameness were recorded in 1'449 Swiss dairy cows during routine claw-trimming on 78 farms from June 2010 until February 2011. Lameness was present in 14.8 % of cows and on 80.8 % of investigated farms. Highest prevalences were seen for widened white line (80.7 %/100 %), signalling foot lesion (65.6 %/98.7 %), heel-horn erosion (34.2 %/88.5 %), digital dermatitis complex (29.1 %/73.1 %), severe hemorrhages (27.9 %/87.2 %), and Rusterholz' sole ulcers (11.5 %/74.4 %) at cow and herd level, respectively. Lower prevalences were found for subclinical laminitis (5.4 %/47.4 %), chronic laminitis (3.3 %/25.6 %), white line disease (4.7 %/42.3 %), double soles (2.6 %/33.3 %), interdigital hyperplasia (3.1 %/33.3 %), sole ulcers (0.4 %/6.4 %), toe infections caused by faulty claw-trimming (3.9 %/39.7 %) and by injury (0.1 %/2.6 %), deep lacerations (0.4 %/6.4 %), and interdigital phlegmona (0.1 %/1.3 %). Lameness and foot lesions were shown to represent important health problems of dairy cows under the conditions of the typical grass-based production system in Switzerland. Digital dermatitis has developed to the most relevant foot disease with a high impact on welfare of Swiss dairy cows within the past 10 years. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Entre juin 2010 et février 2011 on a enregistré, lors des soins de routine aux onglons, des affections des onglons et des boiteries chez 1'449 vaches laitières provenant de 78 exploitations. 14.8 % des vaches présentaient une boiterie et dans 80 % des exploitations il y avait au moins une vache boiteuse. Tant au niveau des individus que des troupeaux, les lésions au niveau de la ligne blanche (80.7 %/100 %), les affections des onglons signalisantes (65.6 %/98.7 %), la pourriture des glomes (34.2 %/88.5 %), le complexe de dermatite interdigitale (29.1 %/73.1 %), les saignements solaires graves (27.9 %/87.2 %) et les ulcères de Rusterholz (11.5 %/74.4 %) étaient les plus fréquents. On trouvait plus rarement des fourbures subcliniques (5.4 %/47.4 %), des fourbures chroniques (3.3 %/25.6 %), des fourmilières purulentes (4.7 %/42.3 %), des doubles soles (2.6 %/33.3 %), des verrues interdigitales (3.1 %/33.3 %), des ulcères de sole (0.4 %/6.4 %), des infections de la pointe de la sole suite au parage (3.9 %/39.7 %) ou suite à des blessures (0.1 %/2.6 %), des blessures plus profondes (0.4 %/6.4 %) ou des phlegmons interdigitaux (0.1 %/1.3 %). Dans un pays comme la Suisse, où l'industrie laitière est caractérisée par une forte détention au pâturage, les boiteries et les affections des onglons sont un problème de santé important pour les vaches laitières. La dermatite interdigitale est devenue ces dix dernières années une affection très importante avec de graves conséquences négatives sur le bien être des vaches laitières en Suisse. | fr |
pair_24463321 | Prevalences of foot lesions and lameness were recorded in 1'449 Swiss dairy cows during routine claw-trimming on 78 farms from June 2010 until February 2011. Lameness was present in 14.8 % of cows and on 80.8 % of investigated farms. Highest prevalences were seen for widened white line (80.7 %/100 %), signalling foot lesion (65.6 %/98.7 %), heel-horn erosion (34.2 %/88.5 %), digital dermatitis complex (29.1 %/73.1 %), severe hemorrhages (27.9 %/87.2 %), and Rusterholz' sole ulcers (11.5 %/74.4 %) at cow and herd level, respectively. Lower prevalences were found for subclinical laminitis (5.4 %/47.4 %), chronic laminitis (3.3 %/25.6 %), white line disease (4.7 %/42.3 %), double soles (2.6 %/33.3 %), interdigital hyperplasia (3.1 %/33.3 %), sole ulcers (0.4 %/6.4 %), toe infections caused by faulty claw-trimming (3.9 %/39.7 %) and by injury (0.1 %/2.6 %), deep lacerations (0.4 %/6.4 %), and interdigital phlegmona (0.1 %/1.3 %). Lameness and foot lesions were shown to represent important health problems of dairy cows under the conditions of the typical grass-based production system in Switzerland. Digital dermatitis has developed to the most relevant foot disease with a high impact on welfare of Swiss dairy cows within the past 10 years. | en | lexi-ml/wmt_22_dataset_en_it | train | text | Zwischen Juni 2010 und Februar 2011 wurden bei 1'449 Milchkühen von 78 Betrieben Klauenerkrankungen und Lahmheit während der routinemässigen Klauenpflege erfasst. 14.8 % der Kühe gingen lahm, auf 80.8 % der Betriebe gab es mindestens eine lahme Kuh. Auf Kuh- sowie auf Herdenebene kamen weisse-Linie Defekt (80.7 %/100 %), signalisierende Klauenerkrankung (65.6 %/98.7 %), Ballenfäule (34.2 %/88.5 %), Dermatitis Digitalis Komplex (29.1 %/73.1 %), schwere Sohlenblutung (27.9 %/87.2 %) und Rusterholz'sches Sohlengeschwür (11.5 %/74.4 %) am häufigsten vor. Seltener wurden subklinische Laminitis (5.4 %/47.4 %), chronische Laminitis (3.3 %/25.6 %), eitrig-hohle Wand (4.7 %/42.3 %), Doppelsohle (2.6 %/33.3 %), Zwischenklauenwarze (3.1 %/33.3 %), Sohlengeschwür (0.4 %/6.4 %), Sohlenspitzeninfektion durch die Klauenpflege (3.9 %/39.7 %) und verletzungsbedingt (0.1 %/2.6 %), tiefergehende Verletzung (0.4 %/6.4 %) und Phlegmona interdigitalis (0.1 %/1.3 %) gefunden. Lahmheit und Klauenerkrankungen sind in der wie für die Schweiz typischen Weide-geprägten Milchwirtschaft ein wichtiges Gesundheitsproblem von Milchkühen. Dermatitis digitalis hat sich in den vergangenen 10 Jahren zur wichtigsten Klauenerkrankung mit immensen negativen Konsequenzen für das Wohlbefinden der Milchkühe in der Schweiz entwickelt. | de |
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