question stringlengths 13 291 | contexts stringlengths 2 24.7k | ground_truth stringlengths 6 6.9k ⌀ | exact_answer stringlengths 2 710 |
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Which are the major transcription factors regulating glycolysis in mammals? | ['myc regulates hepatic glycolysis', 'increase in c-Myc protein was able to induce liver glucose utilization and accumulation, and suggested that c-Myc transcription factor is involved in the control in vivo of liver carbohydrate metabolism', 'STAT3 is a negative regulator of aerobic glycolysis.', 'HIF1 alpha-mediated ... | ['The main positive transcriptional regulator of Glycolysis in mammals is HIF1-alpha (Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1a). HIF1-alpha is upregulated by the oncogenes c-Myc and Src, which therefore also positively regulate glycolysis. Several reports have linked HIF-1α induction with STAT3 activation. SIRT6 appears to function... | ['HIF1-alpha', 'c-Myc', 'Src', 'STAT3', 'SIRT6', 'NF-κB', 'Oct1', 'HNF4-alpha', 'PVHL'] |
Is vemurafenib effective for hairy-cell leukemia? | ['CONCLUSIONS: A short oral course of vemurafenib was highly effective in patients with relapsed or refractory hairy-cell leukemia.', 'Our results strongly support and inform the clinical use of BRAF and MEK inhibitors in HCL.', 'The therapeutic approach of vemurafenib in treatment-refractory hairy cell leukemia is pro... | ['Yes, vemurafenib is highly effective in patients with relapsed or refractory hairy-cell leukemia.'] | ['yes'] |
Dracorhodin perchlorate was tested for treatment of which cancers? | ['Dracorhodin perchlorate induced human breast cancer MCF-7 apoptosis through mitochondrial pathways.', 'It was reported that DP could induce apoptosis in human prostate cancer, human gastric tumor cells and human melanoma, but the cytotoxic effect of DP on human breast cancer was not investigated.', 'CONCLUSION: There... | ['Dracorhodin perchlorate induce apoptosis in prostate cancer, gastric tumor, melanoma and premyelocytic leukemia.'] | ['prostate cancer', 'gastric tumor', 'melanoma', 'premyelocytic leukemia'] |
List receptors of the drug Cilengitide | ['Cilengitide inhibits attachment and invasion of malignant pleural mesothelioma cells through antagonism of integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5.', 'Also, this dimer bound 3650-fold stronger and inhibited tumor cell migration and proliferation compared with cilengitide, an integrin-targeting peptidomimetic that performed poorly in... | ['Cilengitide binds αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins. It inhibits attachment and invasion of malignant cells. Thus, cilengitide is being tested for treatment of cancer patients.'] | ['αvβ3 integrin', 'ανβ5 integrin', 'αvβ5', 'αvβ3'] |
List viral vectors used in gene therapy. | ['Not only can some genetically engineered adenoviral vectors achieve remarkably efficient and specific gene delivery to target cells, but they also may act as anticancer agents by selectively replicating within cancer cells', '. Using these criteria, we then evaluate approaches made to model PD using viral vectors to ... | ['adeno-associated viruses\nlentiviruses\nherpes simplex viral vector'] | ['adeno-associated viruses', 'lentiviruses', 'herpes simplex viral vector'] |
What is CRISPRi? | ['CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) for sequence-specific control of gene expression.', '(CRISPRi), for targeted silencing of transcription in bacteria and human cells. The CRISPRi system is derived from the Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats) pathway, requiring only the coex... | ['Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi). This discovery tool is is used for genetic screening based on loss-of-function phenotypes.', 'The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats interference (CRISPRi) system is used for targeted silencing of transcription in diffe... | [] |
Is selenium deficiency involved in autoimmune thyroid disease? | ['In areas with severe selenium deficiency higher incidence of thyroiditis has been reported due to a decreased activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase enzyme within thyroid cells', 'Of 30 patients in the selenium treated group, 6 patients were overtly hypothyroid, 15 were subclinical hypothyroid, 6 were ... | ['Selenium deficiency is likely to constitute a risk factor for a feedforward derangement of the immune system-thyroid interaction, while selenium supplementation appears to dampen the self-amplifying nature of this derailed interactionIn areas with severe selenium deficiency higher incidence of thyroiditis has been re... | ['yes'] |
List anti-amyloid-beta monoclonal antibodies that have been investigated in clinical trials for treatment of Alzheimer disease. | ['The first active immunization clinical trial with AN1792 in AD patients was halted when a subset of patients developed meningoencephalitis.', 'The first passive immunotherapy trial with bapineuzumab,', 'Preliminary results of a prematurely terminated clinical trial where AD patients were actively vaccinated with aggr... | ['Ponezumab, solanezumab and bapineuzumab are humanized antiamyloid beta (Aβ) monoclonal antibodies that have been designed for treatment of Alzheimer disease.', 'Bapineuzumab\nSolanezumab\nPonezumab\nGantenerumab'] | ['Bapineuzumab', 'bapineuzumab', 'Solanezumab', 'solanezumab', 'Ponezumab', 'ponezumab', 'Gantenerumab'] |
Symptoms of which disorder are evaluated with the Davidson Trauma Scale? | ["Besides, to study its scores' evidence of convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity in relation to other resilience questionnaires (Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 10-item version, Situated Subjective Resilience Questionnaire for Adults and Resiliency Questionnaire for Adults) and to variables such as emotio... | ['Davidson Trauma Scale is used for evaluation of post-traumatic stress disorder.'] | ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD'] |
What kind of chromatography is HILIC? | ['hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC LC-MS/MS) method', 'Hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is a widely used technique for small polar molecule analysis ', 'hydrophilic-interaction LC (HILIC)', 'A hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spe... | ['Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC)'] | ['Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography'] |
Describe what is the advantage of using a stain free protein gel in a Western Blot experiment? | ['V3 stain-free workflow for a practical, convenient, and reliable total protein loading control in western blotting.', 'The V3 stain-free workflow makes the western blot process faster, transparent, more quantitative\xa0and reliable.', 'Direct Blue 71 (DB71) staining-a novel, sensitive, dye-binding staining method com... | ['Stain-Free technology can be used as a normalization tool in Western blot analysis.'] | [] |
In which isochores are Alu elements enriched? | [' the vast majority of Alu sequences were shown to have the highest density in GC-rich isochores', 'Alu sequences being unstable in the GC-poor isochores but stable in the compositionally matching GC-rich isochores,', 'Alu retrotransposons do not show a homogeneous distribution over the human genome but have a higher ... | ['Alu elements are enriched in high GC% isochores due to reduced Alu loss by recombination in these regions. The frequency of Alu sequences increases with increasing GC, but attains a maximum in H2 isochores.'] | ['H2', 'H3'] |
How does AFT1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulate iron uptake and homeostasis, interacting with FOB transporter Arn3 and impacting chromosome stability? | ['["Using a scheme for selecting mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with abnormalities of iron metabolism, we have identified a gene, AFT1, that mediates the control of iron uptake", "AFT1 functions to activate transcription of target genes in response to iron deprivation and thereby plays a central role in iron homeo... | The AFT1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulates iron uptake and homeostasis by activating transcription of target genes in response to iron deprivation. AFT1 mediates the transcriptional control of genes required for high-affinity iron uptake under iron-starved conditions. Additionally, AFT1 physically interacts wi... | [] |
Which cellular function is associated with transcription factors forkhead 1 and 2 (Fkh1 and Fkh2)? | ['Forkhead transcription factors establish origin timing and long-range clustering in S. cerevisiae.', 'Here we show that the yeast Forkhead transcription factors, Fkh1 and Fkh2, are global determinants of replication origin timing.', 'Instead, we show that Fkh1 and Fkh2 are required for the clustering of early origins... | ['Forkhead transcription factors establish origin timing and long-range clustering in S. cerevisiae. Here we show that the yeast Forkhead transcription factors, Fkh1 and Fkh2, are global determinants of replication origin timing. Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors have a conserved function in regulating metazo... | ['DNA replication'] |
Is Alu hypomethylation associated with breast cancer? | ['Alu and LINE-1 hypomethylation is associated with HER2 enriched subtype of breast cancer', 'In IBC, Alu hypomethylation correlated with negative estrogen receptor (ER) status', 'In survival analyses, low Alu methylation status tended to be associated with poor disease-free survival of the patients.', 'Alu hypomethyla... | ['Yes, Alu elements were found to be hypomethylated in breast cancer, especially in the HER2-enriched subtype. Furthermore, Alu hypomethylation was identified as a late event during breast cancer progression, and in invasive breast cancer, tended to be associated with negative estrogen receptor status and poor disease-... | ['yes'] |
Which 2 medications are included in the Qsymia pill? | ['OBJECTIVE: To quantify the incremental cost-effectiveness of Qsymia (phentermine and topiramate extended-release) for health-related quality of life improvements.', 'The intervention was diet and lifestyle advice plus the recommended dose of Qsymia (phentermine 7.5\xa0mg plus topiramate 46.0\xa0mg) vs. control, which... | ['Qsymia pill includes phentermine and topiramate. It is used for treatment of obesity.'] | ['phentermine', 'topiramate'] |
What is the genetic basis of tuberous sclerosis? | ['The genetic basis of this disease has been attributed to mutations in one of two unlinked genes, TSC1 and TSC2.', 'The functions of the TSC1 and TSC2 gene products, hamartin and tuberin, respectively, have remained ill defined until recently', 'Genetic, biochemical, and biologic analyses have highlighted their role a... | ['The genetic basis of tuberous sclerosis has been attributed to mutations in one of two unlinked genes, TSC1 and TSC2. The functions of the TSC1 and TSC2 gene products, hamartin and tuberin, respectively, have remained ill defined until recently. Genetic, biochemical, and biologic analyses have highlighted their role ... | ['TSC1 and TSC2 genes'] |
List chromosomes that have been linked to Arnold Chiari syndrome in the literature. | ['Consistent with a genetic hypothesis for CMI, much of the PF morphology was found to be heritable and multiple genomic regions were strongly implicated from OSA, including regions on Chromosomes 1 (LOD = 3.07, p = 3 × 10(-3) ) and 22 (LOD = 3.45, p = 6 × 10(-5) ) containing several candidates warranting further inves... | ['Chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 22, X and Y have been reported in association with Arnold Chiari syndrome in genetic linkage studies and individual case reports.'] | ['1', '3', '5', '6', '8', '9', '12', '13', '15', '16', '18', '22', 'X', 'Y'] |
Are there telemedicine applications for chronic pain management? | ['An integrated cognitive-behavioral and physical therapy group protocol has been developed and then implemented at remote sites using videoconferencing technology to provide pain management for veterans. ', 'Tele-pain management: use of videoconferencing technology in the delivery of an integrated cognitive-behavioral... | ['Yes, telemedicine is feasible and cost-effective for education and therapy of patients with chronic pain.', 'Yes, there are.'] | ['yes'] |
What is the function of TALENs? | ['Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are programmable nucleases that join FokI endonuclease with the modular DNA-binding domain of TALEs'] | [' These chimeric enzymes can be used to introduce a double strand break at a specific genomic site which then can become the substrate for error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), generating mutations at the site of cleavage. Artificial transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) provide a powerful ... | [] |
Which enzyme is deficient in Krabbe disease? | ['Krabbe disease is a lethal, demyelinating condition caused by genetic deficiency of galactocerebrosidase (GALC) and resultant accumulation of its cytotoxic substrate, psychosine (galactosylsphingosine), primarily in oligodendrocytes (OLs).', 'In this study, we report that accumulation of endogenous psychosine under G... | ['Galactocerebrosidase is an enzyme that is deficient in Krabbe disease (also known as globoid-cell leukodystrophy). This leads to accumulation of psychosine (galactosylsphingosine) primarily in oligodendrocytes.'] | ['galactocerebrosidase'] |
Is rivaroxaban metabolized in kidneys? | ['The novel oral anticoagulants (i.e., dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban) all undergo renal metabolism to varying degrees, and hence dosing, efficacy, and safety require special consideration in CKD patients.', 'The new oral anticoagulants have relatively little data in patients with severe renal impairment, and all ha... | ['rivaroxaban undergoes renal metabolism'] | ['yes'] |
Can the Micro-C XL method achieve mononucleosome resolution? | ['We present Micro-C XL, an improved method for analysis of chromosome folding at mononucleosome resolution', 'We present Micro-C XL, an improved method for analysis of chromosome folding at mononucleosome resolution.', 'Micro-C XL: assaying chromosome conformation from the nucleosome to the entire genome.', 'Micro-C X... | ['Yes. Micro-C XL is an improved method for analysis of chromosome folding at mononucleosome resolution.'] | ['yes'] |
What is the role of SERCA in diabetic cardiomyopathy? | ['Compared with control group, [Ca(2+)](i) and the expression of CaSR, RyR and SERCA/PLN were decreased, while PKC-α and PLN were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner in diabetic group', 'Diabetic rats showed impaired cardiac structure and function compared with control rats. The expression of PKC, PLB in... | ['Diabetic cardiomyopathy is accompanied by reduced SERCA levels and activity in later stages. The up-regulation of SERCA2a in the early phase of type 2 diabetes is an important physiological adaptation of the heart.'] | [] |
ROSIER scale is used for which disorder? | ['Validation of the use of the ROSIER scale in prehospital assessment of stroke.', 'MATERIALS AND METHODS: Compared with the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS), emergency physicians prospectively used the ROSIER as a stroke recognition tool on suspected patients in the prehospital setting.', "CONCLUSIONS: The R... | ['ROSIER (Recognition of Stroke in the Emergency Room) scale was developed as a stroke recognition tool on suspected patients in the prehospital setting.'] | ['stroke'] |
Which is the major phytoalexin in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)? | ['Medicarpin, the major phytoalexin in alfalfa, is synthesized via the isoflavonoid branch of phenylpropanoid metabolism.', 'Medicarpin, the major phytoalexin in alfalfa, is synthesized by way of the isoflavonoid branch of phenylpropanoid metabolism.', 'The major phytoalexin in alfalfa is the isoflavonoid (-)-medicarpi... | ['The major phytoalexin in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the isoflavonoid (-)-medicarpin (or 6aR, 11aR)-medicarpin. Medicarpin is synthesized via the isoflavonoid branch of phenylpropanoid metabolism.'] | ['medicarpin'] |
List common symptoms of patients with the DOORS syndrome. | ['Deafness, onychodystrophy, osteodystrophy, mental retardation, and seizures (DOORS) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of unknown cause. ', 'Through a search of available case studies and communication with collaborators, we identified families that included at least one individual with at least three of... | ['DOORS syndrome is a constellation of deafness, onychodystrophy, osteodystrophy, mental retardation, and seizures. It is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of unknown cause.'] | ['deafness', 'onychodystrophy', 'osteodystrophy', 'mental retardation', 'seizures'] |
What is the relationship between TailorX and Oncotype? | ['The TAILORx trial uses the Oncotype DX recurrence score to assign estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), node-negative patients to chemotherapy plus hormonal therapy versus hormonal therapy alone. ', 'A cohort study was undertaken, including consecutive patients with early node-negative, ER-positive breast cancer diagnose... | ['The TAILORx trial uses the Oncotype DX recurrence score to assign estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), node-negative patients to chemotherapy plus hormonal therapy versus hormonal therapy alone.'] | [] |
What role do mutations in the histone methyltransferase EZH2 play in causing Weaver syndrome? | ['["Loss-of-function mutations of EZH2, a catalytic component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), are observed in ~\\\\n10% of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but are rare in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)", "We describe the use of an oligo-SNP array for genomic profiling of aCNA and cnLOH, together w... | Mutations in the histone methyltransferase EZH2 cause Weaver syndrome and provide further links between histone modifications and regulation of human growth. | [] |
How functional connectivity of the default mode network changes in patients with disorders of consciousness? | ['Functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) is known to be reduced in patients with disorders of consciousness, to a different extent depending on their clinical severity.', 'Patients showed significant impairments in all of the pathways connecting cortical regions within this network, as well as the pa... | ['Functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) is reduced in patients with different disorders of consciousness, and correlates with the level of consciousness. \nSpecifically, functional connectivity in the default mode network was shown to be absent in brain death patients, extremely low in vegetative st... | [] |
Which phenotypes are associated with heterozygous mutations of the BSCL2 gene? | ['Heterozygous mutations in the Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL2) gene have been associated with different clinical phenotypes including Silver syndrome/spastic paraplegia 17, distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2) with predominant hand involvement', 'D... | ['Heterozygous mutations in the Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL2) gene have been associated with different clinical phenotypes including Silver syndrome/spastic paraplegia 17, distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2) with predominant hand involvement.', '... | ['Silver syndrome/spastic paraplegia 17', 'Distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V', 'Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2) with predominant hand involvement'] |
Which SLC family is FLVCR1 a member of? | ['Feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor (FLVCR1), a member of the SLC49 family of four paralogous genes, is a cell surface heme exporter, essential for erythropoiesis and systemic iron homeostasis.', 'Feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor (FLVCR1), a member of the SLC49 family of four paralogous genes, is a cel... | ['Feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor (FLVCR1) is a member of the SLC49 family.'] | ['SLC49'] |
Does NADPH oxidase 5 require any subunit for function? | ['Nox5 forms a functional oligomer mediated by self-association of its dehydrogenase domain.', ' While Nox1-4 require regulatory subunits, including p22phox, Nox5 activity does not depend on any subunits. ', ' Thus, Nox5 forms a catalytically active oligomer in the membrane that is mediated by its dehydrogenase domain.... | ['No, NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) does not require any subunits for function.'] | ['no'] |
Are there any functional differences between Mfd and its human Cocaine syndrome protein B (CSB) homolog? | ['In humans, the TCR coupling factor, CSB, plays a critical role in restoring transcription following both UV-induced and oxidative DNA damage. It also contributes indirectly to the global repair of some forms of oxidative DNA damage. The Escherichia coli homolog, Mfd, is similarly required for TCR of UV-induced lesion... | ['Both Cockayne syndrome protein B (CSB) and Mfd are involved in transcription-coupled repair. CSB is the human TCR coupling factor and Mfd is the bacterial TCR coupling factor. However, unlike Mfd, CSB does not act as a helicase nor does it dissociate stalled RNA polymerase II, suggesting a coupling mechanism in human... | ['yes'] |
Which receptors can be evaluated with the [18F]altanserin? | ['PURPOSE: While the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2a receptor (5-HT2AR) radiotracer [18F]altanserin is well established in humans, the present study evaluated its suitability for quantifying cerebral 5-HT2ARs with positron emission tomography (PET) in albino rats.', 'CONCLUSION: [18F]Altanserin PET is a reliable ... | ['5-HT2A (5-hydroxytryptamine type 2a) receptor can be evaluated with the [18F]altanserin.'] | ['5-HT2A'] |
How is oprozomib administered? | ['Further, new orally administered second-generation PI oprozomib is being investigated. ', 'Carfilzomib and its orally bioavailable structural analog oprozomib are second-generation, highly-selective, proteasome inhibitors.', 'This review provides an overview of the role of oral proteasome inhibitors including Marizom... | ['Oprozomib is administered orally.'] | ['Orally'] |
Is Wnt16b secreted in response to chemotherapy? | [' In this study, we found WNT16B could be expressed and secreted into the microenvironment by human ovarian fibroblasts after DNA damage-associated treatment, including chemotherapy drugs and radiation.', 'In a recent article in Nature Medicine, Sun et al. show that increased expression of Wnt family member wingless-t... | ['Yes, WNT16B is secreted into the microenvironment by human ovarian fibroblasts after DNA damage-associated treatment, including chemotherapy drugs and radiation.'] | ['yes'] |
Which proteins compose the error prevention GO (8-oxo-G) system in Pseudomonas putida? | ['the GO repair enzymes MutY, MutM, and MutT are involved in the prevention of base substitution mutations in carbon-starved P. putida.', 'Our results demonstrated that the GO repair enzymes MutY, MutM, and MutT are involved in the prevention of base substitution mutations in carbon-starved P. putida.'] | ['In P. putida (Pseudomonas putida) the error prevention GO (8-oxo-G) system is composed of MutY, MutM, and MutT enzymes.'] | ['MutY', 'MutM', 'MutT'] |
Is rucaparib used for ovarian cancer treatment? | ['While olaparib is the first PARP inhibitor to receive approval for ovarian cancer treatment, others including rucaparib and niraparib are clearly effective in this disease and, within the next year or two, the results of ongoing randomised trials will clarify their respective roles. ', 'Similar trials with other PARP... | ['Yes, rucaparib is a PARP inhibitor that is used for ovarian cancer treatment.'] | ['yes'] |
What is the role of photodynamic therapy for meningioma treatment? | ['CONCLUSIONS: Efficacy of 5-ALA PDT could be increased by adjunction of ciprofloxacin in conventional clinical dosing and by prolongation of ALA incubation time. ', 'CONCLUSION: Gefitinib can inhibit ABCG2-mediated PpIX efflux from malignant brain tumor cells to increase the intracellular PpIX and thereby enhance the ... | ['Photodynamic therapy was shown to have activity againt meningioma treatment. Gefitinib and ciprofloxacin enhance efficacy of photodynamic therapy.'] | [] |
Do IEG create a ripple effect of transcription? | ['Rapid induction of immediate-early genes (IEGs) in response to growth factor stimulations is accompanied by co-upregulation of their neighbouring genes.', 'Even in surrounding intergenic regions, transcriptional activation took place at the same time. ', 'Here we show that intensive transcription at one locus frequen... | ['Rapid induction of immediate-early genes (IEGs) in response to growth factor stimulations is accompanied by co-upregulation of their neighbouring genes. Profiling the primary transcripts in the nucleus with whole-genome tiling arrays delineated simultaneous activation of transcription centred on IEGs.', 'rapid induct... | ['yes'] |
What congenital anomalies are commonly found in Mowat-Wilson syndrome, particularly regarding heart defects and male genitourinary issues? | [' genitourinary anomalies (in particular hypospadias in males), congenital heart defects, agenesis of the corpus callosum and eye anomalies.", "Mowat-Wilson syndrome is a mental retardation-multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by a typical facies, developmental delay, epilepsy, and variable congenital ma... | Congenital anomalies commonly found in Mowat-Wilson syndrome include agenesis of the corpus callosum, congenital heart defects, hypospadias in males, and genitourinary anomalies. | [] |
Which gene mutations cause the Marfan syndrome? | ['The diagnostic criteria of Marfan syndrome (MFS) highlight the importance of a FBN1 mutation test in diagnosing MFS. ', 'A marked decrease in heart rate variability in Marfan syndrome patients with confirmed FBN1 mutations.', 'The studies on heart rate variability (HRV), a key predictor of all-cause mortality, in Mar... | ['Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the fibrillin 1 gene (FBN1).'] | ['fibrillin 1 gene', 'FBN1'] |
Which is the protein that is encoded by the gene GLT8D1? | [] | ['The GLT8D1 gene codes for the protein named glycosyltransferase 8 domain containing 1'] | ['glycosyltransferase 8 domain containing 1'] |
How are protein biomarkers used to study the impact of genetic and lifestyle factors on plasma protein profiles? | ['[" To study the impact of genetic and lifestyle factors on protein biomarkers and develop personally normalized plasma protein profiles (PNPPP) controlling for non-disease-related variance."]'] | Protein biomarkers are used to study the impact of genetic and lifestyle factors on plasma protein profiles by developing personally normalized plasma protein profiles (PNPPP) that control for non-disease-related variance. | [] |
What do studies show about the effect of Induced hypothermia in premature babies? | ['Therapeutic hypothermia is a recognized treatment for term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in reducing rate of death or neurodevelopmental disabilities. Little is known about applications of this treatment to preterm newborns.', 'Randomised studies have demonstrated the efficacy of hypothermia for ... | ['Randomised studies have demonstrated the efficacy of hypothermia for the treatment of perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in reducing rate of death or neurodevelopmental disabilities in term or late preterm infants. It remains unclear to what degree preterm infants were included in these studies.\nA pro... | [] |
How can physical performance improve in patients with chronic heart failure and subclinical hypothyroidism by achieving normal TSH levels with T(3) replacement therapy? | ['["Patients with chronic heart failure and subclinical hypothyroidism significantly improved their physical performance when normal TSH levels were reached.", "Early and sustained physiological restoration of circulating L-T3 levels after MI halves infarct scar size and prevents the progression towards heart failure. ... | Patients with chronic heart failure and subclinical hypothyroidism can significantly improve their physical performance by achieving normal TSH levels with T(3) replacement therapy. This improvement is observed when normal TSH levels are reached, indicating the importance of thyroid hormone balance in enhancing physica... | [] |
What is the mechanism of action of geldanamycin? | ['Geldanamycin (HSP90 inhibitor)', 'Geldanamycin is an antibiotic originally discovered based on its ability to bind heat-shock protein 90. This interaction can lead to the disruption of heat-shock protein 90-containing multimolecular complexes. It can also induce the inhibition or even degradation of partner proteins ... | ['Geldanamycin is an ansamycin antibiotic which holds the ability to bind heat-shock protein 90. This interaction can lead to the disruption of heat-shock protein 90-containing multimolecular complexes. Additionally, it can induce inhibition or even degradation of partner proteins dissociated from the 90 kDa chaperone ... | [] |
The secreted frizzled-related protein 3 (sFPR3) is altered in human cancers.
Are its level found to increase or to decrease? | ['We performed tissue microarray and found that the level of sFRP3 protein was high in normal kidney, low in primary renal cancer tissues, and high in metastatic renal cancer tissues.', 'In conclusion, this is the first report to show that sFRP3 expression promotes cell growth, invasion, and inhibition of apoptosis in ... | ['SFRPs are down-regulated in several cancers and this is often correlated with poor prognosis, as has been shown for breast, colorectal, and a number of other cancers. (PMID: 21494614) We performed tissue microarray and found that the level of sFRP3 protein was high in normal kidney, low in primary renal cancer tissue... | [] |
What is the effect of CRD-BP on the stability of c-myc mRNA? | ['CRD-BP shields c-myc and MDR-1 RNA from endonucleolytic attack by a mammalian endoribonuclease', 'The c-myc mRNA coding region determinant-binding protein (CRD-BP) has high affinity for the coding region determinant (CRD) of c-myc mRNA. Such affinity is believed to protect c-myc CRD from endonucleolytic attack', ' Th... | ['The c-myc mRNA coding region determinant-binding protein (CRD-BP) has high affinity for the coding region determinant (CRD) of c-myc mRNA. Such affinity is believed to protect c-myc CRD from endonucleolytic attack.', 'The coding region determinant-binding protein (CRD-BP) binds in vitro to c-myc mRNA and is thought t... | ['To protect c-myc CRD from endonucleolytic attack.'] |
What is the incidence of new cases of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) in Australian and New Zealand in the late 1990's? | ['cases of ALD diagnosed in Australia and New Zealand between 1981 and 1996 and their families. We estimate that the combined incidence of ALD and its variants in Australasia is at least 1.6 per 100,000. '] | ['cases of ALD diagnosed in Australia and New Zealand between 1981 and 1996 and their families. We estimate that the combined incidence of ALD and its variants in Australasia is at least 1.6 per 100,000. ', 'cases of ALD diagnosed in Australia and New Zealand between 1981 and 1996 and their families. We estimate that t... | ['1.6 per 100,000 people'] |
Which is the receptor for the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA)? | ['hemical modification of CsA has led to analogs with distinct biological activities associated with its protein receptor family, cyclophilins', ' the CsA receptor, cyclophilin', 'These results would support cyclophilin as the major, if not only, intracellular receptor protein for CsA. '] | ['Cyclophilin is the intracellular receptor protein for cyclosporin A (CsA).'] | ['cyclophilin'] |
Could BRCA gene test used for breast and ovarian cancer risk? | ['Participation of Korean families at high risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in BRCA1/2 genetic testing.', 'The prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations in Korean ovarian cancer patients irrespective of the family history was significantly higher than previously reported. Possible founder mutations in Korean ovarian... | ['Yes, BRCA gene test could be used for breast and ovarian cancer risk, as female BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are significantly associated with risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers.'] | ['yes'] |
List the classical triad of symptoms of the Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome. | ['The Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome consists of a triad of recurrent lip and/or face swelling, fissured tongue, and intermittent facial palsy. ', 'The patient has a typical for Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome triad of symptoms: bilateral facial nerve palsy, lingua plicata and facial oedema. ', 'Melkersson-Rosenthal syndr... | ['The Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome consists of the classical triad of symptoms:\n1) orofacial oedema \n2) fissured tongue (lingua plicata) and\n3) facial paralysis.'] | ['orofacial oedema', 'lip and face swelling', 'fissured tongue', 'lingua plicata', 'facial paralysis', 'facial palsy'] |
Which cyclin- dependent kinase inhibitor is regulated by Bmi-1? | ['the knockdown of BMI-1 expression could lead to significant up-regulation of p16INK4a', 'In EC9706 cells transfected by Bmi-1 siRNA, the expression levels of p16 ', 'One important pathway regulated by Bmi-1 is that involving two cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p16(Ink4a) and p19(Arf)', 'We also observe that ROS-i... | ['p16INK4 (also known as CDKN2A)'] | ['p16INK4'] |
What is the role of Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy in glioma treatment? | ['OBJECTIVE MR-guided laser-induced thermal therapy (MRgLITT) can be used to treat intracranial tumors, epilepsy, and chronic pain syndromes. ', 'Eight patients had glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), 1 had a previously treated GBM with radiation necrosis, and 1 had a melanoma brain metastasis. ', 'CONCLUSIONS Laser interst... | ['Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) is used in treatment of gliomas. LITT can be used effectively for treatment of difficult-to-access high-grade gliomas. More complete coverage of tumor improves progression free survival which can be translated as the extent of resection concept for surgery.'] | [] |
Are the genes for marneral biosynthesis scattered in the genome of A. thaliana? | ['Here we characterize a second operon-like triterpene cluster (the marneral cluster) from A. thaliana, compare the features of these two clusters, and investigate the evolutionary events that have led to cluster formation', 'Here we characterize a second operon-like triterpene cluster (the marneral cluster) from A. th... | ['These clusters are unlikely to have arisen by horizontal gene transfer, and the mechanisms behind their formation are poorly understood. Here we characterize a second operon-like triterpene cluster (the marneral cluster) from A. thaliana, compare the features of these two clusters, and investigate the evolutionary ev... | ['no'] |
Orteronel was developed for treatment of which cancer? | ['Pooled-analysis was also performed, to assess the effectiveness of agents targeting the androgen axis via identical mechanisms of action (abiraterone acetate, orteronel).', 'The experimental interventions tested in these studies were enzalutamide, ipilimumab, abiraterone acetate, orteronel and cabazitaxel. ', ' Poole... | ['Orteronel was developed for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.'] | ['castration-resistant prostate cancer'] |
Which trinucleotide repeat disorders are affecting the nervous system? | ['The discovery that expansion of unstable repeats can cause a variety of neurological disorders has changed the landscape of disease-oriented research for several forms of mental retardation, Huntington disease, inherited ataxias, and muscular dystrophy.', "Expansion of trinucleotide repeats is now recognized as a maj... | ["At least six neudegenerative disorders result from trinucleotide repeat expansion: X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), two fragile X syndromes of mental retardation (FRAXA and FRAXE), Huntington's disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA)."] | ['X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA)', 'Fragile X syndrome of mental retardation (FRAXA)', 'Fragile X syndrome of mental retardation (FRAXE)', "Huntington's disease (HD)", 'Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1)', 'Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA)'] |
Which disease of the central nervous system is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies? | ["Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative disorders of the central nervous system that produces motor and non-motor symptoms. The majority of cases are idiopathic and characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies containing fibrillar α-synuclein", "Parkinson's disease is characterized by α-synucl... | ['Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative disorders of the central nervous system that produces motor and non-motor symptoms. The majority of cases are idiopathic and characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies containing fibrillar α-synuclein ', "Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most co... | ["Parkinson's disease (PD)"] |
What are the roles of Smyd3 in zebrafish? | ['Smyd3 is required for the development of cardiac and skeletal muscle in zebrafish', 'We here show that transcripts of smyd3 were expressed in zebrafish embryos at all developmental stages examined and that knockdown of smyd3 in embryos resulted in pericardial edema and defects in the trunk structure. In addition, the... | ['Smyd3 is required for the development of cardiac and skeletal muscle in zebrafish. Transcripts of smyd3 are expressed in zebrafish embryos at all developmental stages and knockdown of smyd3 in embryos resulted in pericardial edema and defects in the trunk structure. In addition, these phenotypes are associated with a... | ['The development of cardiac muscle', 'The development of skeletal muscle'] |
Is there any involvement of the long non-coding RNA Gomafu in schizophrenia? | ['The long non-coding RNA Gomafu is acutely regulated in response to neuronal activation and involved in schizophrenia-associated alternative splicing.', 'Here, we profile these transcriptomic responses and show that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dynamically regulated by neuronal activation, including acute downre... | ['Yes. The long non-coding RNA Gomafu is acutely regulated in response to neuronal activation and involved in schizophrenia-associated alternative splicing.'] | ['yes'] |
Can siRNA affect response to afatinib treatment? | ['On the other hand, miR-146a enhanced the inhibition of cell proliferation by drugs targeting EGFR, including both TKIs (gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib) and a monoclonal antibody (cetuximab)', 'These effects were independent of the EGFR mutation status (wild type, sensitizing mutation or resistance mutation), but ... | ['When afatinib was combined with an EGFR-specific siRNA there was a strong biological effect on growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis.'] | ['yes'] |
What are some common congenital anomalies associated with Mowat-Wilson syndrome, including hypospadias, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and what else? | [' genitourinary anomalies (in particular hypospadias in males), congenital heart defects, agenesis of the corpus callosum and eye anomalies.", "Mowat-Wilson syndrome is a mental retardation-multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by a typical facies, developmental delay, epilepsy, and variable congenital ma... | Congenital anomalies commonly associated with Mowat-Wilson syndrome include hypospadias, agenesis of the corpus callosum, genitourinary anomalies, congenital heart defects, Hirschsprung disease, and microcephaly. | [] |
What is DNAshape? | ['DNAshape: a method for the high-throughput prediction of DNA structural features on a genomic scale.', 'We present a method and web server for predicting DNA structural features in a high-throughput (HT) manner for massive sequence data. This approach provides the framework for the integration of DNA sequence and sha... | ['DNAshape is a method and web server for predicting DNA structural features in a high-throughput (HT) manner for massive sequence data. This approach provides the framework for the integration of DNA sequence and shape analyses in genome-wide studies. The HT methodology uses a sliding-window approach to mine DNA stru... | [] |
Are there any specific antidotes for rivaroxaban? | ['Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs)--apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban--have a significantly smaller risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, two facts make this situation complicated: First, the risk of hematoma expansion is unknown for NOACs. Second, there is no specific antidote for neither of the NOACs.... | ['Currently, there is no specific antidote for rivaroxaban'] | ['no'] |
Which is the most common genetic lesion among patients with Joubert Syndrome and a cerebello-oculo-renal phenotype? | ['Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is the major cause of pediatric renal failure, yet the disease remains poorly understood, partly due to the lack of appropriate animal models. Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is an inherited ciliopathy giving rise to NPHP with cerebellar vermis aplasia and retinal degeneration. Among patients with JBT... | ['Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is an inherited ciliopathy giving rise to NPHP with cerebellar vermis aplasia and retinal degeneration. Among patients with JBTS and a cerebello-oculo-renal phenotype, mutations in CEP290 (NPHP6) are the most common genetic lesion.', 'Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is the major cause of pediatric ren... | [] |
Is Migalastat used for treatment of Fabry Disease? | ['Oral pharmacological chaperone migalastat compared with enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease: 18-month results from the randomised phase III ATTRACT study.', 'BACKGROUND: Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by GLA mutations, resulting in α-galactosidase (α-Gal) deficiency and accumul... | ['Yes, Migalastat is approved for treatment of Fabry disease. Migalastat is an oral pharmacological chaperone developed as an alternative to intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), stabilises specific mutant (amenable) forms of α-Gal to facilitate normal lysosomal trafficking.'] | ['yes'] |
Which population has a high frequency of the HLA-B*1502 allele? | ['A strong association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*1502 and CBZ-induced SJS/TEN has been reported in Han Chinese, Thai, Malaysian and Indian populations, but not in Caucasian or Japanese populations.', 'found a strong association between HLA-B*1502 and CBZ-induced SJS/TEN in the Han Chinese population from ... | ['HLA-B*1502 has a high frequency in Han Chinese and other Asian populations, except Japanese. (There is a strong association between human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B*1502 and carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)).'] | ['Han Chinese and other Asian populations, except Japanese'] |
What is the mode of action of Hsp90 inhibitors? | ['In vitro, we show that pharmacologic inhibition of Hsp90 by IPI-504 exerts antiproliferative effects in a panel of pancreatic cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner.', 'In pancreatic cancer xenografts obtained directly from patients with pancreas cancer, the agent resulted in a marked suppression of tumor ... | ['Pharmacologic inhibition of Hsp90 involves interaction with the ATP-binding site of the chaperone. This exerts antiproliferative effects resulting in a marked suppression of tumor growth. Following treatment with a Hsp90 inhibitor, expression of a number of proteins is affected, and most notably the Hsp90 clients, le... | [] |
Is intraoperative radiotherapy used for treatment of glioblastoma? | [' 1) Intraoperative radiotherapy ( IOR , 1,000-2,000 rad) was applied in 13 cases; the 2-year survival was 41.6%. ', 'The median survival time after IORT was 12 months for 9 patients with glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma, while it was 51 months for 8 patients with less infiltrative tumors (ependymoma, anaplastic... | ['Yes, intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is being used for treatment of glioblastoma. IORT combined with extensive tumor removal has an acceptable toxicity in previously irradiated patients and can be effective for selected recurrent malignant brain tumors.'] | ['no'] |
How does lncRNA Gomafu respond to neuronal activation and what is its role in schizophrenia-related alternative splicing, given its interaction with splicing factors QKI and SRSF1 and its downregulation in post-mortem cortical gray matter from the superior temporal gyrus in SZ? | ['["The long non-coding RNA Gomafu is acutely regulated in response to neuronal activation and involved in schizophrenia-associated alternative splicing.", "Here, we profile these transcriptomic responses and show that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dynamically regulated by neuronal activation, including acute down... | The long non-coding RNA Gomafu is acutely downregulated in response to neuronal activation. It is involved in schizophrenia-associated alternative splicing by binding directly to the splicing factors QKI and SRSF1. Dysregulation of Gomafu leads to alternative splicing patterns similar to those observed in schizophrenia... | [] |
What are Degrons? | ['Specific signals (degrons) regulate protein turnover mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.', 'Portable degradation sequences, or degrons, have the ability to bind to E3 ligases and promote substrate ubiquitination when the sequence is presented in isolation or appended to other entities such as fluorescent pep... | ['Specific signals (degrons) regulate protein turnover mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.', 'Portable degradation sequences, or degrons, have the ability to bind to E3 ligases and promote substrate ubiquitination when the sequence is presented in isolation or appended to other entities such as fluorescent pep... | [] |
What personality traits can be evaluated with the Ten Item Personality Inventory. | ['Analyses included correlations and a regression analysis between depressive symptoms and unmet expectations with the Five-Factor Model personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience) as measured by the Ten-Item Personality Inventory.', 'The questionnair... | ['The Ten Item Personality Inventory measures each of the five major facets of personality: openness, extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness and neuroticism.'] | ['openness', 'extroversion', 'conscientiousness', 'agreeableness', 'neuroticism'] |
How are G-quadruplex forming sequences associated with human mitochondrial DNA deletion breakpoints in disease? | ['["n this work, we performed a computational analysis of the human mitochondrial genome using the \\"Pattern Finder\\" G-quadruplex (G4) predictor algorithm to assess whether G4-forming sequences reside in close proximity (within 20 base pairs) to known mitochondrial DNA deletion breakpoints.", "Circular dichroism and... | G-quadruplex forming sequences are associated with human mitochondrial DNA deletion breakpoints in disease by residing in close proximity (within 20 base pairs) to known deletion breakpoints. Circular dichroism and UV spectral analysis have shown that G-rich sequences near deletion breakpoints form G-quadruplex DNA str... | [] |
Describe mechanism of action of PLX3397 drug. | ['Following the 25 d lesion, we administered PLX3397, a CSF1R inhibitor, for 30 d to eliminate microglia. ', '.METHODS: Using x-ray co-crystallography to guide our drug-discovery research, we generated a potent, selective CSF1R inhibitor, PLX3397, that traps the kinase in the autoinhibited conformation.', 'Treatment wi... | ['PLX3397 works by inhibiting colony-stimulating-factor-1 receptor (CSF1R).'] | [] |
What is the mechanism of action of Pictilisib? | ['EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Antiestrogen-sensitive and antiestrogen-resistant ER(+) human breast cancer cell lines and mice bearing PIK3CA-mutant xenografts were treated with the antiestrogen fulvestrant, the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 (pictilisib; varied doses/schedules that provided similar amounts of drug each week), or com... | ['Pictilisib acts by inhibiting PI3K. It is used for breast cancer treatment.'] | [] |
Which are the coactivators of the Yes-associated protein (yap)? | ['ndependent research, often in the context of muscle biology, described Tead (TEA domain) transcription factors, which bind CATTCC DNA motifs to regulate gene expression. These two research areas were joined by the finding that the Hippo pathway regulates the activity of Tead transcription factors mainly through phosp... | ['The Yap protein forms complex with Tead (TEA domain) transcription factors.'] | ['Tead (TEA domain) transcription factors.'] |
Can administration of the thyrotropin releasing hormone reduce fatigue in cancer patients? | ['TRH administration was associated with significant improvement (p < 0.05) in fatigue levels as measured by the Visual Analog Scale-Energy (VAS-E), was associated with significant (p < 0.05) improvement in sleep disturbances and improved quality of life. ', 'This decrease in CRP level with TRH administration was assoc... | ['yes, in cancer patients, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) administration was associated with significant improvement in cancer related fatigue levels as measured by the Visual Analog Scale-Energy, fatigue and vigor subscales of the POMS, and the fatigue subscale of FACIT-F. TRH administration was safe and tolerabl... | ['yes'] |
What is the association between NT-proBNP and cognitive function? | ['RESULTS: Measures of cognitive decline were significantly associated with stroke, NT-proBNP, ABI, and cIMT, but not with nonstroke vascular events. ', 'SCI was present at baseline more often in NYHA IV patients compared with NYHA II [odds ratio 2.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-7.51, P = 0.025], but it was not ... | ['Greater NT-proBNP serum concentration is associated with poorer cognitive function and cognitive decline. In community-dwelling older adults, greater NT-proBNP levels were strongly associated with poor cognitive function independently from age, sex, education, hypertension, body mass index, exercise, alcohol use, smo... | [] |
Is transcapillary albumin escape altered in diabetic patients? | ['On the contrary, altered TERalb and increased carotid artery intimal thickness are shown by all hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients, both with normal and altered patterns of AER.', 'Altered systemic capillary permeability characterizes insulin-resistant hypertensive patients with Metabolic Syndrome.', 'TERalb is in... | ['An altered TERalb is present in type 2 diabetic patients, both with normal and altered patterns of AER.\nTERalb is increased also in normo-albuminuric type 1 diabetic patients.'] | ['yes'] |
Does the Oncotype DX test work with paraffin embedded tissues? | ['The Oncotype-DX Breast Cancer Assay (Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA) quantifies gene expression for 21 genes in breast cancer tissue by performing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumour blocks that are obtained during initial surgery (lumpectomy, m... | ['Yes, the Oncotype DX test works with paraffin embedded tissue.'] | ['yes'] |
For which diseases members of the 2-aminobenzamide class of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show promise as therapeutics? | ["Members of the 2-aminobenzamide class of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show promise as therapeutics for the neurodegenerative diseases Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) and Huntington's disease (HD)", "Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have received considerable attention as potential therapeutics for a variety ... | ["Members of the 2-aminobenzamide class of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show promise as therapeutics for the neurodegenerative diseases Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) and Huntington's disease (HD).", "Members of the 2-aminobenzamide class of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show promise as therapeutics for th... | ["Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA)", "Huntington's disease (HD)"] |
Where does TORC1 sequester during heat stress? | ['Transient sequestration of TORC1 into stress granules during heat stress.', 'Here we report that TORC1 signaling upon heat stress is regulated by stress granules (SGs), which are cytoplasmic foci formed under certain stresses. Ectopic formation of SGs achieved by Pbp1 overexpression in unstressed cells sequesters TOR... | ['Upon heat stress, TORC1 is recruited to stress granules.'] | [] |
Which drugs may interfere thyroxine absorption? | ['ommonly used drugs, such as bile acid sequestrants, ferrous sulphate, sucralfate, calcium carbonate, aluminium-containing antacids, phosphate binders, raloxifene and proton-pump inhibitors, have also been shown to interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine', 'Hypothyroid patients taking sevelamer hydrochloride or... | ['bile acid sequestrants, ferrous sulphate, sucralfate, calcium carbonate, aluminium-containing antacids, phosphate binders, raloxifene and proton-pump inhibitors, have also been shown to interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine\nsevelamer hydrochloride or chromium picolinate should be advised to separate the tim... | ['bile acide sequestrant', 'ferrous sulphate', 'sucralfate', 'Calcium carbonate', 'aluminium-containing antacids', 'raloxifene', 'proton pump inhibithors', 'sevelamer', 'chromium picolinate'] |
Which gene test can be used for the X-linked myotubular myopathy? | ['X-linked myotubular myopathy (MTM) is a severe neuromuscular disease of infancy caused by mutations of MTM1, which encodes the phosphoinositide lipid phosphatase, myotubularin', 'As a gene for X linked MTM was recently identified in Xq28, we screened the obligatory carrier mothers for mutation. We found a 4 bp deleti... | ['Genetic testing of the MTM1 gene can be used for the X-linked myotubular myopathy.'] | ['MTM1 gene test'] |
What is the Shelterin complex? | ['Human telomeres are associated with the shelterin complex which consists of six telomere-associated proteins that specifically bind to telomeric DNA. Alterations or removal of individual shelterin components would lead to telomere uncapping and telomere dysfunction, resulting in cellular senescence and transformation... | ['Human telomeres are associated with the shelterin complex which consists of six telomere-associated proteins that specifically bind to telomeric DNA. Alterations or removal of individual shelterin components would lead to telomere uncapping and telomere dysfunction, resulting in cellular senescence and transformation... | [] |
Which are the best treatment options to treat Helicobacter pylori? | ['Triple therapy, which has been the mainstay of treatment in many countries over the last decade, now has suboptimal results in many parts of the world.', 'equential therapy and quadruple therapy (either bismuth-based or non-bismuth-based) are the best current options to replace initial treatment with triple therapy.'... | ['The best treatment options for eradication of Helicobacter pylori involve triple or quadruple drugs therapy with different types of antibiotics.\nBismuth may be also an additional option. Proton pump inhibitors are also included in treatment.\nThe more effective drug list includes: amoxicillin, claritromycin, metron... | ['amoxicillin', 'metronidazole', 'claritromycin', 'Proton pump inhibithors', 'rifabutin', 'Eudragit L100'] |
To what extent does HPV vaccination reduce the risk for cervical cancer? | ['The success of HPV vaccination as a major public health prevention opportunity, however, will entirely depend on efficient infrastructures to deliver the vaccines and on the acceptance by individuals, parents and health care providers.', 'The most effective strategy therein was vaccination of 12-year-olds, plus a tem... | ['The most effective strategy therein was vaccination of 12-year-olds, plus a temporary 12-24-year-old catch-up program covering both sexes; whereby HPV 6/11/16/18-related cervical cancer, high-grade cervical precancer, and genital wart incidence was reduced by 84-98% during year 50 following vaccine introduction. Vacc... | ['Cervical precancer and similar neoplasias were reduced by 84-100%'] |
List signaling molecules (ligands) that interact with the receptor EGFR? | ['the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and amphiregulin (AREG)', ' EGFR ligands epidermal growth factor (EGF), amphiregulin (AREG) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα)', ' EGFR and its ligand EGF ', 'Among EGFR ligands, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor,... | ['The 7 known EGFR ligands are: epidermal growth factor (EGF), betacellulin (BTC), epiregulin (EPR), heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF), transforming growth factor-α [TGF-α], amphiregulin (AREG) and epigen (EPG).'] | ['epidermal growth factor', 'betacellulin', 'epiregulin', 'heparin-binding epidermal growth factor', 'transforming growth factor-α', 'amphiregulin', 'epigen'] |
Which genes code for the alpha subunit of the DNA polymerase III in most Firmicutes? | ['PolC co-evolves with RNA degradation enzymes that are present only in the A+T-rich Firmicutes clade', 'Bacterial genomes displaying a strong bias between the leading and the lagging strand of DNA replication encode two DNA polymerases III, DnaE and PolC, rather than a single one.', 'SGD, PAS, and polC are all feature... | ['Bacterial DNA polymerase III is the primary complex of DNA replication. In most Firmicutes, which are low-GC, gram-positive bacteria, the alpha subunit of their DNA polymerase III is encoded by polC and dnaE. DnaE is widely conserved in most bacteria, while PolC is present mainly in Firmicutes clade.'] | ['dnaE', 'polC'] |
Which is the transcript responsible for X-chromosome inactivation? | ['Xist, a gene responsible for X chromosome inactivation (XCI)', 'X inactivation-specific transcript (XIST) is a long ncRNA that mediates X chromosome inactivation', 'the X inactive specific transcript (Xist) gene, which is known now to represent the master switch locus regulating X inactivation', 'IST, a long non-codi... | ['The long non- coding RNA Xist (X inactive specific transcript)'] | ['Xist'] |
Which cellular processes are regulated by Nanog? | ['critical for the regulation of cancer stem cells.', 'the effect of FAK and Nanog cross-regulation on cancer cell morphology, invasion, and growth that plays a significant role in carcinogenesis', 'Nanog-like regulates endoderm formation', 'In mammalian embryonic stem cells, the acquisition of pluripotency is dependen... | ['The pluripotency sustaining factor Nanog, controls a cascade of pathways that are intricately connected to govern pluripotency, self-renewal, genome surveillance and cell fate determination. Elevated expression of Nanog has also been reported to result in clonal expansion of murine ESCs, but it also plays a role in t... | ['cell proliferation', 'pluripotency', 'cell fate determination', 'G1 to S transition', 'germ cell migration', 'tumour development'] |
Which protein is associated with hyperemesis gravidarum during pregrancy? | ['Maternal smoking, BMI, parity, ethnicity, fetal gender, placental weight and hyperemesis gravidarum symptoms were associated with total hCG. ', 'First trimester maternal serum PAPP-A and free β-HCG levels in hyperemesis gravidarum.', 'HG is associated with elevated levels of PAPP-A and free β-hCG, and such changes ar... | ['Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is associated with hyperemesis gravidarum during pregrancy.'] | ['Human chorionic gonadotropin', 'hCG'] |
Which viruses are best known to cause myocarditis? | ['Enteroviruses (EV) are an important cause of neonatal disease including hepatitis, meningoencephalitis, and myocarditis that can lead to death or severe long-term sequelae', 'Enteroviruses have been considered to be the most common cause of acute myocarditis and possible consequence of dilated cardiomyopathy.', 'n ou... | ['The most frequent viruses causing myocarditis are Enterovirus, Adenovirus and Coxsackie B viruses.'] | ['Enterovirus', 'Adenovirus', 'Coxsackie B virus'] |
Which diseases are involved in the severe cutaneous reactions (SCAR) spectrum? | ['Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are diseases within the spectrum of severe cutaneous adverse reactions affecting skin and mucous membranes. ', 'Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) are severe adverse cutaneous drug reactions that predominantly involve... | ['The diseases that are involved in the severe cutaneous reactions (SCAR) spectrum are:\n1) Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)\n2) Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)\n3) Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP).'] | ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome', 'SJS', 'Toxic epidermal necrolysis', 'TEN', 'Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis', 'AGEP'] |
Which variables are included in the SPAN-100 score? | ['Furthermore, MR-proADM levels significantly improved reclassification of patients in the prediction of outcome by the Stroke Prognostication using Age and NIHSS-100 (SPAN-100; NRI\u200a=\u200a0.175; p\u200a=\u200a0.04). ', 'Stroke Prognostication using Age and NIH Stroke Scale: SPAN-100.', 'METHODS: We created the St... | ["SPAN-100 score includes patient's age and NIH Stroke Scale score. SPAN-100 is used for prognostication of stroke patients."] | ['Age', 'NIH Stroke Scale score'] |
List the main proteases used for sample digestion in proteomics. | ['the consecutive use of endoproteinases LysC and trypsin', ' Asp-N to trypsin ', ' tryptic digestion', 'tryptic digest', 'enzymatic digestion is most commonly performed using trypsin', 'chymotrypsin/trypsin digestion', "In this method, chymotrypsin, single or in combination with trypsin, was used, which enabled to obt... | ['Trypsin is the main protease used in proteomics followed by Asp-N, chymotrypsin, LysC, GluC and thermolysin.'] | ['trypsin', 'Asp-N', 'chymotrypsin', 'LysC', 'Glu-C', 'thermolysin'] |
What was the purpose of the FANTOM5 project? | ['The FANTOM5 and ENCODE projects represent two independent large scale efforts to map regulatory and transcriptional features to the human genome.', 'The functional annotation of the mammalian genome 5 (FANTOM5) project provides comprehensive expression profiles and functional annotation of mammalian cell-type-specifi... | ['The functional annotation of the mammalian genome 5 (FANTOM5) project provides comprehensive expression profiles and functional annotation of mammalian cell-type-specific transcriptomes with wide applications in biomedical research. The FANTOM5 and ENCODE projects represent two independent large scale efforts to map ... | ['To provide comprehensive expression profiles and functional annotation of mammalian cell-type-specific transcriptomes with wide applications in biomedical research.'] |
Which is the E3 ubiquitin ligase which ubiquitinates IkB leading to its proteasomal degradation? | ['IKK activation and IκB degradation involve different ubiquitination modes; the latter is mediated by a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF(β-TrCP) . The F-box component of this E3, β-TrCP, recognizes the IκB degron formed following phosphorylation by IKK and thus couples IκB phosphorylation to ubiquitination. SCF(β-TrCP... | ['IκB degradation involves ubiquitination mediated by a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF(β-TrCP). SCF(β-TrCP) -mediated IκB ubiquitination and degradation is a very efficient process, often resulting in complete degradation of the key inhibitor IκBα within a few minutes of cell stimulation.', 'IkappaB degradation is de... | ['SCF(β-TrCP)', 'SCF beta-transducin repeat-containing protein (beta-TrCP)', 'beta-Trcp'] |
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