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Mareke giri Mareke Giri is a traditional public show in Iran. The Mareke Gir is a person who entertains people with his "special powers", such as breaking chains with his arms, breaking stones with his hands and handling snakes. Mareke Giri is a free show; people will give the Mareke Gir some money to encourage him. Category:Iranian culture	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Second Siege of Ulsan The allied army, number 29,500 men, laid siege to Tosan near Ulsan in late October. The fortress was too heavily fortified to attempt an assault, however a series of engagements did occur around the area, resulting in more than 2,000 Japanese casualties. Allied forces lifted the siege on 2 November. Katō Kiyomasa's men departed for Japan on 14 December 1598. Citations Bibliography 桑田忠親 [Kuwata, Tadachika], ed., 舊參謀本部編纂, [Kyu Sanbo Honbu], 朝鮮の役 [Chousen no Eki]　(日本の戰史 [Nihon no Senshi] Vol. 5), 1965. Category:1597 in Asia Category:1598 in Asia Category:Conflicts in 1598 Ulsan Ulsan Category:Battles of the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Lajoš Jakovetić Lajoš Jakovetić (; 45 November 1922 in Subotica - 27 January 2003) was a retired Serbian, Yugoslavia international, football player and manager. Playing career He started playing in the youth teams of his home town club FK Bačka 1901. He represented the region of Vojvodina at the first season that was played after the end of the Second World War, that was played in a particular way, being the players distributed by the internal republics and autonomous provinces. That was the only season played in that peculiar way, returning the league to its normal clubs format in the next, 1946-47 season. He was playing in his hometown club Spartak Subotica. In 1948, he moved to Partizan where he played until 1952, having won the 1948–49 championship. Afterwards, he returned to Spartak where he played until 1957, when he ended his playing career. National team After having moved to Partizan, he played for the Yugoslav national team four times. His debut was on 21 August 1949 in Belgrade against Israel (a 6-0 win) and his last match was on 13 November of the same year, also in Belgrade, against Austria (this time a 5-2 defeat). Manager career He was the manager of the club where he started and ended his playing career, Spartak Subotica, having managed to take them to the 1962 Yugoslav Cup final where they lost 4-1 against the much bigger OFK Belgrade. Until today, that is considered to be one of the greatest achievements of Spartak Subotica. Honours Player Partizan Yugoslav First League (1): 1948-49 References External links Profile at Serbian Federation website. Category:2003 deaths Category:1922 births Category:Sportspeople from Subotica Category:Serbian footballers Category:Serbian football managers Category:Yugoslav football managers Category:Yugoslav footballers Category:Yugoslavia international footballers Category:FK Bačka 1901 players Category:FK Spartak Subotica players Category:FK Partizan players Category:Yugoslav First League players Category:Association football defenders	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Omphisa repetitalis Omphisa repetitalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Snellen in 1890. It is found in India (Sikkim). References Category:Moths described in 1890 Category:Spilomelinae	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Forgery Act 1837 The Forgery Act 1837 (7 Will 4 & 1 Vict c 84) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It has been repealed. Section 1 abolished the death penalty for the offences mentioned in the preamble. It provided instead that a person convicted of any of those offences was liable to be transported for life, or for a term not less than seven years, or to be imprisoned for a term not exceeding four years and not less than two years. Section 3 provided that persons convicted of offences made punishable by imprisonment could be kept to hard labour and solitary confinement. Section 4 provided that the Act did not affect the powers conferred by the 5 & 6 Will 4 c 38 or the 4 Geo 4 c 64. This Act was retained for the Republic of Ireland by section 2 of, and Part 4 of Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 2007. It is still in force in that country. The preamble referred to the following Acts: Forgery Act 1830 (1 Will 4 c 66) 2 & 3 Will 4 c 59 Forgery, Abolition of Punishment of Death Act 1832 (2 & 3 Will 4 c 123) 2 & 3 Will 4 c 125 5 & 6 Will 4 c 45 5 & 6 Will 4 c 51 See also Forgery Act References A Collection of the Public General Statutes Passed in the Seventh Year of the Reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth and the First Year of the Reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, 1837. Queen's Printer. Pages 489 to 494. External links The Forgery Act 1837, as originally enacted, from Google Books. Category:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1837 Category:Forgery	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Betta tomi Betta tomi is a species of gourami native to the Malaysian Peninsula where it is currently only found in Johor. It previously also occurred in Singapore but has since been extirpated there. It is an inhabitant of shallow streams that are shaded and have plenty of leaf litter and other debris. This species grows to a length of SL. References Category:Endemic fauna of Malaysia Category:Freshwater fish of Malaysia tomi Category:Fish described in 1994 Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Governor Dávila Governor Dávila may refer to: Diego Dávila, 1st Marquis of Navamorcuende, Royal Governor of Chile from 1667 to 1670 Gil González Dávila (died 1543), Governor of Santiago (Jamaica) c. 1533/1534 Pedro Arias Dávila (1440s–1531), Governor of Panama from 1514 to 1526 and Governor of Nicaragua from 1527 to 1531	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Golujeh Golujeh or Gollujeh or Galoojeh or Galujeh () may refer to: Golujeh, Khalkhal, Ardabil Province Golujeh, Khvoresh Rostam, Ardabil Province Golujeh, Nir, Ardabil Province Gollujeh, Ahar, East Azerbaijan Province Golujeh, Bostanabad, East Azerbaijan Province Golujeh, Meyaneh, East Azerbaijan Province Gollujeh, Sarab, East Azerbaijan Province Golujeh, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province Golujeh-ye Eslam, East Azerbaijan Province Golujeh-ye Ghami, East Azerbaijan Province Golujeh-ye Hasan Beyg, East Azerbaijan Province Golujeh-ye Khaleseh, East Azerbaijan Province Golujeh-ye Mohammad Khan, East Azerbaijan Province Golujeh-ye Molla Lar, East Azerbaijan Province Golujeh-ye Olya, East Azerbaijan Province Golujeh-ye Sofla, East Azerbaijan Province Golujeh-ye Said, East Azerbaijan Province Golujeh-ye Yeddi Bolagh, East Azerbaijan Province Golujeh, Zanjan	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jacob Micyllus Jacob Micyllus, (6 April 1503 – 28 January 1558) was a German Renaissance humanist and teacher, who conducted the city's Latin school in Frankfurt and held a chair at the University of Heidelberg, during times of great cultural stress in Germany. Micyllus was born Jakob Moltzer in Strasbourg. From 1518 to 1522 he studied in Erfurt, then at the end of 1522 went to Philipp Melanchthon in Wittenberg. From 1524, aged only twenty-one, he directed the city Latin school at Frankfurt, on Melanchthon's recommendation. But he was not at ease with the radical Reformation in Frankfurt from 1526 and found a place as professor in Heidelberg, January 1533. He died in Heidelberg. Selected works Varia epigrammata graco & latina & alia carmina graca, Basel 1538 Sylva variorum carminum Commentataria in Homerum, Basel 1541 Annotationes in Joh. Bocatii genealogiam Deorum, Basel 1532 Scholta ad Marialis obscuriores aliquot locos Ratio examinandorum versuum Calendarium Carmen elegiacum de ruina arcis Heidelbergensis, quae facta est 1537 Annotationes in Ovidium, & in Lucanum Arithmetica logistica Euripidis vita, Basel 1558 De Tragaedia & ejus portibus Traductio aliquoe operum Luciani cum scholiis Annotationes in Euripidem, Basel 1562 Urbis Francofurdi gratulatio ad Caronum, Leipzig 1530 Notes References Classen, Johannes. Jakob Micyllus, Rektor zu Frankfurt am Main 1524-1533 und 1537-1547, als Schulmann, Dichter und Gelehrter. Frankfurt am Main 1861 Gerhard Dolinsky. Aus der Geschichtes des Frankfurter Gymnasiums, in: H.-J. Heydorn und K. Ringshausen: Jenseits von Resignation und Illusion - Festschrift zum 450jährigen Bestehen des Lessing-Gymnasiums. Frankfurt am Main 1971 Johann Friedrich Hautz. Jacobus Micyllus Argentoratensis, philologus et poeta, Heidelbergae et Repertinae Universitatis olim decus: commentatio historico-literaria. Heidelbergae: J.C.B. Mohr, 1842. Johann Classen. Nachträge zu der Biographie des Jakob Micyllus, Frankfurt/M 1861 Georg Ellinger. Jakob Micyllus und Joachim Camerarius. In: Neue Jahrbuch für das klass. Altertum, Geschichte und deutsche Literatur und für Pädagogik Jahrgang 24 (1909), pp. 1 50-173. - Ellinger 2, pp. 28–44 Otto Clemen. Zu Jakob Micyllus In: Neue Heidelberger Jahrbuch N. F. (1941): 1-11 Arthur Henkel. "In Mortem Simii Heidelbergensis". Zu einem Epikediom des Jakob Micyllus In: Festschrift Leonard Forster. Baden-Baden 1982, S. 264-280 Hermann Wiegand. Hodoeporica. Baden-Baden 1984 Walther Killy, ed. Literaturlexikon: Autoren und Werke deutscher Sprache (15 Bände). Gütersloh, München: Bertelsmann-Lexikon-Verl., 1988-1991 (CD-ROM: Berlin 1998, ) External links Johann Classen: Jakob Micyllus …, als Schulmann, Dichter u. Gelehrter. Frankfurt/M 1859 Adam, Melchior: Vitae Germanorum philosophorum, qui seculo superiori, et quod excurrit, philosophicis ac humanioribus literis clari floruerunt. Category:1503 births Category:1558 deaths Category:16th-century German people Category:16th-century Latin-language writers Category:German Renaissance humanists Category:Heidelberg University faculty Category:Alsatian-German people Category:People from Strasbourg	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bachtel Tower Bachtel Tower (German: Bachtelturm) is a tall radio tower on high Bachtel mountain near Hinwil, Switzerland, overlooking the Zürcher Oberland. Bachtel Tower is a lattice tower whose observation deck, metres above the ground, is accessible by a stairway. It was built as replacement for a smaller observation tower on the site in 1986. On the observation deck of Bachtel Tower there is an illustration with the names of the mountains of the Swiss Alps visible. This illustration was designed by Paul Thalmann from Wernetshausen near Hinwil. History In 1873, a wooden tower was built; it was destroyed twenty years later, followed in 1893 by an observation tower of steel. This second tower was declared in 1979 by the government of the canton of Zürich as an object of historic preservation. Six years later, the tower was stored by the Swiss Post (former PTT) on technical reasons, and in 1992, the tower was rebuilt on Pfannenstiel. Gallery See also List of towers External links Bachtel Tower on swisspanoramas.ch Category:Towers completed in 1986 Category:Observation towers in Switzerland	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Nyssicostylus overali Nyssicostylus overali is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 1990. References Category:Elaphidiini Category:Beetles described in 1990	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Talar, Hormozgan Talar (, also Romanized as Ţālār; also known as Talvār) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Minab County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 421, in 80 families. References Category:Populated places in Minab County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Markov partition A Markov partition is a tool used in dynamical systems theory, allowing the methods of symbolic dynamics to be applied to the study of hyperbolic dynamics. By using a Markov partition, the system can be made to resemble a discrete-time Markov process, with the long-term dynamical characteristics of the system represented as a Markov shift. The appellation 'Markov' is appropriate because the resulting dynamics of the system obeys the Markov property. The Markov partition thus allows standard techniques from symbolic dynamics to be applied, including the computation of expectation values, correlations, topological entropy, topological zeta functions, Fredholm determinants and the like. Motivation Let (M,φ) be a discrete dynamical system. A basic method of studying its dynamics is to find a symbolic representation: a faithful encoding of the points of M by sequences of symbols such that the map φ becomes the shift map. Suppose that M has been divided into a number of pieces E1,E2,…,Er, which are thought to be as small and localized, with virtually no overlaps. The behavior of a point x under the iterates of φ can be tracked by recording, for each n, the part Ei which contains φn(x). This results in an infinite sequence on the alphabet {1,2,…r} which encodes the point. In general, this encoding may be imprecise (the same sequence may represent many different points) and the set of sequences which arise in this way may be difficult to describe. Under certain conditions, which are made explicit in the rigorous definition of a Markov partition, the assignment of the sequence to a point of M becomes an almost one-to-one map whose image is a symbolic dynamical system of a special kind called a shift of finite type. In this case, the symbolic representation is a powerful tool for investigating the properties of the dynamical system (M,φ). Formal definition A Markov partition is a finite cover of the invariant set of the manifold by a set of curvilinear rectangles such that For any pair of points , that for If and , then Here, and are the unstable and stable manifolds of x, respectively, and simply denotes the interior of . These last two conditions can be understood as a statement of the Markov property for the symbolic dynamics; that is, the movement of a trajectory from one open cover to the next is determined only by the most recent cover, and not the history of the system. It is this property of the covering that merits the 'Markov' appellation. The resulting dynamics is that of a Markov shift; that this is indeed the case is due to theorems by Yakov Sinai (1968) and Rufus Bowen (1975), thus putting symbolic dynamics on a firm footing. Variants of the definition are found, corresponding to conditions on the geometry of the pieces . Examples Markov partitions have been constructed in several situations. Anosov diffeomorphisms of the torus. Dynamical billiards, in which case the covering is countable. Markov partitions make homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits particularly easy to describe. The system has the Markov partition , and in this case the symbolic representation of a real number in is its binary expansion. For example: . The assignment of points of to their sequences in the Markov partition is well defined except on the dyadic rationals - morally speaking, this is because , in the same way as in decimal expansions. References Category:Dynamical systems Category:Symbolic dynamics Category:Diffeomorphisms Category:Markov models	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Body modification Body modification (or body alteration) is the deliberate altering of the human anatomy or human physical appearance. It is often done for aesthetics, sexual enhancement, rites of passage, religious beliefs, to display group membership or affiliation, in remembrance of lived experience, traditional symbolism such as axis mundi and mythology, to create body art, for shock value, and as self-expression, among other reasons. In its broadest definition it includes plastic surgery, socially acceptable decoration (e.g., common ear piercing in many societies), and religious rites of passage (e.g., circumcision in a number of cultures), as well as the modern primitive movement. Explicit ornaments Body piercing - permanent placement of jewelry through an artificial fistula; sometimes further modified by stretching Ear piercing - the most common type of body modification Pearling - also known as genital beading Neck ring - multiple neck rings or spiral are worn to stretch the neck (in reality lowering of the shoulders) Scrotal implants Tattooing - injection of a pigment under the skin Teeth blackening Eye tattooing - injection of a pigment into the sclera Extraocular implant (eyeball jewelry) - the implantation of jewelry in the outer layer of the eye Surface piercing - a piercing where the entrance and exit holes are pierced through the same flat area of skin Microdermal implants Transdermal implant - implantation of an object below the dermis, but which exits the skin at one or more points Surgical augmentation In contrast to the explicit ornaments, the following procedures are primarily not meant to be exposed per se, but rather function to augment another part of the body, like the skin in a subdermal implant. Breast implants - insertion of silicone bags filled with silicone gel or saline solution into the breasts to increase their size, or to restore a more normal appearance after surgery Male enhancement surgery to increase penis size for length and girth Subdermal implant - implantation of an object that resides entirely below the dermis, including horn implants Removal or split Hair cutting Hair removal Genital modification and mutilation: Female genital mutilation Clitoral hood reduction - removal of the clitoral hood Clitoridectomy - removal of the clitoris Infibulation - removal of the external genitalia (and suturing of the vulva) Labiaplasty - alteration (removal, reduction, enhancement, or creation) of the labia Circumcision - the partial or full removal of the foreskin, sometimes also the frenulum Foreskin restoration - techniques for attempting restoration Emasculation - complete removal of the penis (orchiectomy plus penectomy) Genital frenectomy Meatotomy - splitting of the underside of the glans penis Orchiectomy - removal of the testicles Penectomy - removal of the penis Subincision - splitting of the underside of the penis, also called urethrotomy Nipple cutting: Nipple removal Nipple splitting Nullification involves the voluntary removal of body parts. Body parts that are commonly removed by those practicing body nullification are: penis, testicles, clitoris, labia and nipples. Sometimes people who desire a nullification may be diagnosed with gender dysphoria, body integrity identity disorder or apotemnophilia. Tongue cutting: Lingual frenectomy - this is to expand the external physical protrusion of the tongue. Tongue splitting - bisection of the tongue similar to a snake Applying long-term force Body modifications occurring as the end result of long term activities or practices Corsetry or tightlacing - binding of the waist and shaping of the torso Cranial binding - modification of the shape of infants' heads, now extremely rare Breast ironing - Pressing (sometimes with a heated object) the breasts of a pubescent female to prevent their growth. Foot binding - compression of the feet of girls to modify them for aesthetic reasons Anal stretching Jelqing - penis enlargement with physical exercises by using a milking motion, to enhance girth mainly over a period of two to three months Non-surgical elongation of organs by prolonged stretching using weights or spacing devices. Some cultural traditions prescribe for or encourage members of one sex (or both) to have one organ stretched till permanent re-dimensioning has occurred, such as: The 'giraffe-like' stretched necks (sometimes also other organs) of women among the Burmese Kayan tribe, the result of wearing brass coils around them. This compresses the collarbone and upper ribs but is not medically dangerous. It is a myth that removing the rings will cause the neck to 'flop'; Padaung women remove them regularly for cleaning etc. Stretched lip piercings - achieved by inserting ever larger plates, such as those made of clay used by some Amazonian tribes. Labia stretching or pulling to enhance sexual pleasure by stimulation, particularly reaching an orgasm that squirts, multiple orgasms that flow together frequently upon climax. Foreskin restoration or stretching to increase its physical size, desensitize the foreskin, move the foreskin further down the head for enhanced sensitivity and improve its appearance. Others Human branding - controlled burning or cauterizing of tissue to encourage intentional scarring Ear shaping (which includes cropping, ear pointing or "elfing") Scarification - cutting or removal of dermis with the intent to encourage intentional scarring or keloiding Human tooth sharpening - generally used to have the appearance of some sort of animal. Yaeba - the deliberate misaligning or capping of teeth to give a crooked appearance. Popular in Japan. Tooth-knocking or tooth ablation - the act of deliberately knocking one's teeth out, often as a rite of passage or to satisfy an aesthetic ideal. Commonly practiced among Australian Aboriginals and Native Hawaiians prior to the 20th century, and observed in archaeological complexes around the world. Controversy "Disfigurement" and "mutilation" (regardless of any appreciation this always applies objectively whenever a bodily function is gravely diminished or lost) are terms used by opponents of body modification to describe certain types of modifications, especially non-consensual ones. Those terms are used fairly uncontroversially to describe the victims of torture, who have endured damage to ears, eyes, feet, genitalia, hands, noses, teeth, and/or tongues, including amputation, burning, flagellation, piercing, skinning, and wheeling. Some surgical procedures that modify human genitals are performed with the informed consent of the patient, using anesthesia. The phrase "Genital mutilation" is sometimes used to describe procedures that individuals are forced to undergo without their informed consent, or without anesthesia or sterilised surgical tools. The phrase has been applied to involuntary castration, male circumcision, and female genital mutilation. Intersex campaigners say that childhood modification of genitals of individuals with intersex conditions without their informed consent is a form of mutilation. Many use body modification and self-mutilation interchangeably. In many ways self-mutilation is very different than body-modification. Body modification gives one the feeling of pride and excitement, giving one something to show off to others. Alternately, those who self-mutilate typically are ashamed of what they've done and want to hide any evidence of harm. Body modification is explored for adornment, self-expression, and an array of many other positive reasons, while self-mutilation is inflicted because of mental or emotional stress and the inability to cope with psychological pain. Those who self-mutilate do so in order to punish themselves, express internal turmoil, and reduce severe anxiety. Individuals known for extensive body modification See also Adornment Attraction to disability Bioethics Blood ritual Church of Body Modification Deformity Eyeborg Fakir Musafar First haircut Genital tattooing Grinder (biohacking) Leblouh Makeup Microchip implant (human) Rhinoplasty Suspension (body modification) References Category:Cultural trends Category:Underground culture	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Nattanid Leewattanavaragul Nattanid Leewattanavaragul (born 16 May 1993) is a Thai racing driver currently competing in the TCR International Series and TCR Thailand Touring Car Championship. Having previously competed in the Thailand Super Series and Toyota Motorsport Trophy Thailand amongst others. Racing career Leewattanavaragul began her career in 2013 in the Toyota Motorsport Trophy Thailand series, finishing the season fourth in the standings. She stayed in the series for 2014, winning the Ladies Cup that year. For 2015 she switched to the Thailand Super Series, entering the Super Production C Class, Winning the class at the end of the season. In 2016 she entered the Super Production D Class of the Thailand Super Series, finishing the sixth in the championship standings. For the 2017 season she switched to the TCR Thailand Touring Car Championship, driving a SEAT León TCR for her own Morin Racing Team, she took her first victory in the series in the second race held at the Bangsaen Street Circuit. In August 2017 it was announced that she would race in the TCR International Series, driving an SEAT León TCR for her own TCR Thailand team Morin Racing Team. Racing record Complete TCR International Series results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) † Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance. * Season still in progress. References External links Category:1993 births Category:Living people Category:TCR International Series drivers Category:Thai racing drivers Category:Female racing drivers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ludolf Nielsen Karl Henrik Ludolf Nielsen (January 29, 1876 – October 16, 1939) was a Danish composer, violinist, conductor, and pianist. Today he is considered as one of the most important Danish composers of the early 1900s (together with the more famous Carl Nielsen). Life Nielsen was born in Nørre Tvede, Denmark. Although his family lacked any musicians, Ludolf took to music at a very young age. After a few years of violin lessons from local fiddlers, at eight he was playing at local festivals and other country occasions. In his mid-teens, he moved to Copenhagen, which exposed him to a much broader musical milieu. At 19, he won a scholarship to the Danish Royal Academy of Music. There, he studied violin, piano, and music theory. His composing talents were apparently self-developed. When about 20, Nielsen started composing, at the same time as Tivoli Orchestra hired him as a violinist. Some of his works were performed in 1899, but his first major success was with the symphonic poem Regnar Lodbrog, which gained him an additional scholarship that gave him the opportunity to spend time in the musically rich city of Leipzig, where he composed a few string quartets and had them published. He returned to Copenhagen and became conductor of the Tivoli Orchestra. In 1902, he composed his First Symphony, and the tone poem From the Mountains between 1903 and 1905. Just after his marriage in 1907, Nielsen composed a Romance for Violin (1908) and his Second Symphony (1907 – 1909). Like many other artists, World War I had a very profound effect on Nielsen; He wrote little until 1914, which saw his Third Symphony. After the War, he became a private music teacher and eventually returned to composing. The two most important works from this period are his ballet Lackschmi (1922) and the orchestral suite Skovvandring (Forest Journey), along with almost 100 Lieder. Between 1926 and 1939, Ludolf worked as a programmer for the Danish National Radio Corporation and, with the exception of a few radio plays, he ceased composing. On October 16, 1939, at the age of 63, Nielsen died in Copenhagen. References External links Jens Cornelius: Ludolf Nielsen. Danske komponister, 2. Multivers (2018) Category:1876 births Category:1939 deaths Category:19th-century classical composers Category:19th-century classical pianists Category:19th-century classical violinists Category:19th-century Danish composers Category:19th-century male conductors (music) Category:19th-century male musicians Category:20th-century classical composers Category:20th-century classical pianists Category:20th-century classical violinists Category:20th-century conductors (music) Category:20th-century male musicians Category:Danish classical composers Category:Danish classical pianists Category:Danish classical violinists Category:Danish conductors (music) Category:Danish male classical composers Category:Danish Romantic composers Category:Male classical pianists Category:Male conductors (music) Category:Male violinists Category:Royal Danish Academy of Music alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Nathan-melech Nathan-melech is described as one of Josiah's officials in 2 Kings 23:11 of the Hebrew Bible. He lived near the entrance to the temple, close to the courtyard where the horses had been kept that were used in sun-worship before Josiah disposed of both the horses and the chariots that they had pulled. Name Nathan-melech means King's gift. Some authorities have regarded the name as a variant of Nathan but this is no more valid sociolinguistically than regarding Nathanael as a variant of Nathan, or Rosemary as a variant of Mary. They are distinct names. Archeology In March 2019, a clay bulla dated to the middle of the seventh or beginning of the sixth century B.C was found in the Givati Parking Lot dig excavation in the City of the David area of Jerusalem bearing the inscription, "(belonging) to Nathan-melech, servant of the king." The wording on the seal was deciphered by Dr. Anat Mendel-Geberovich of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Center for the Study of Ancient Jerusalem. References Category:Hebrew Bible people	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Expeditie Robinson: Battle of the Titans Expeditie Robinson: Strijd der Titanen (also known as Expeditie Robinson: Battle of the Titans), was a special All-Stars season of the Dutch/Belgian version of the Swedish show Expedition Robinson, or Survivor as it is referred to in some countries. This season began airing in March 2006 and concluded in July of that year. This season began with a surprise "plank" challenge in which the winner would automatically be immune from the first elimination and would be one of two contestants to be "leaders" of a tribe. As the winner of this challenge Ilona van der Laan, along with Veronique De Pryker, who Ilona picked as the person she got along with the least, picked their tribes from the fifteen other contestants. The last person not picked, Björn Lemeirel, was eliminated from the game. Another twist occurred in episode four when each tribe was asked to pick one player that they trusted the most. The North team chose Melvin Pigot, while the South team chose Richard Mackowia. These two contestants were both sent to a secret island called Entatula where the merge tribe of Panga would live. Eventually those living on the island had chosen all but Fleur Roozenburg, Lydia Guiso, Maxime Verbist, Ryan van Esch, and Veronique De Pryker to join them, they composed the Miniloc tribe and were forced to take part in a series of duels until only one remained and would return to the game. When it came time for the final four, the contestants took part in a couple of final challenges in order to determine who would be the finalists. The first of these challenges was won by Jennifer Smit while the second was won by Ryan van Esch. Ultimately, it was Ryan van Esch who won this season over Jennifer Smit by a jury vote of 4-2. Finishing order Voting history As both Douwe and Jakobien received two votes at the third tribal council, there was a re-vote in order to determine who would be eliminated. During said re-vote any member of the South team could receive votes. As both Karin and Pieter received three votes at the sixth tribal council, the number of votes received at previous tribal councils was used to determine who would be eliminated. External links (Contestant Profiles, Episode Summaries, and Voting History) Dutch-Belgian	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Melitara doddalis Melitara doddalis is a species of snout moth in the genus Melitara. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1925, and is found in the United States in southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, south-western Texas and in northern Mexico. Adults are on wing from September to early October. The larvae feed on Opuntia ficus-indica, Opuntia macrorhiza var. macrorhiza and Opuntia phaeacantha var. phaeacantha. They tunnel downward into the basal segments of the host plant. Pupation occurs on the ground during August and September. Taxonomy The species was previously considered a synonym of Melitara dentata. References Category:Moths described in 1925 Category:Phycitini	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ghergheasa Ghergheasa is a commune in Buzău County, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Ghergheasa and Sălcioara. Notes Category:Communes in Buzău County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Subi-myeon Subi-myeon is a rural township in Yeongyang County, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. Located in the rugged northeastern portion of Yeongyang County, it is the largest of the county's six divisions, covering some . More than 90% of that area is unused by humans; the local population numbers only 2,016. Of these, 67% are members of farming households which are divided among 15 ri. Local attractions include the site of a kiln from the 17th century, and a medicinal spring that is said to have cured the illness of Joseon Dynasty scholar Yakcheon Geum Hui-seong. Notes As of February 29, 2004. See also Subdivisions of South Korea Geography of South Korea List of Korea-related topics External links Government website (in Korean) Category:Towns and townships in North Gyeongsang Province Category:Yeongyang County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Northern barred woodcreeper The northern barred woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae) is a species of bird in the Dendrocolaptinae subfamily. It was formerly included as a subspecies of the Amazonian barred woodcreeper (D. certhia). It is found from southern Mexico through Central America to Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador. References northern barred woodcreeper Category:Birds of Central America Category:Birds of the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena northern barred woodcreeper Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Make Way for Love Make Way for Love is the second studio album by New Zealand musician Marlon Williams. It was released in February 2018 under Dead Oceans. Accolades Track listing Charts References Category:2018 albums Category:Dead Oceans albums Category:Marlon Williams (New Zealand musician) albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Treaty of Peace and Friendship (1904) The Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1904 between Chile and Bolivia was signed in Santiago de Chile on October 20, 1904 to delineate the boundary through 96 specified points between Cerro Zapaleri and Cerro Chipe and to regulate the relations between the two countries 20 years after the end of the War of the Pacific. The Bolivia–Chile boundary is about long and is demarcated by pillars in the Andes. Most of the boundary consists of straight lines between high mountain peaks. From the Argentina–Bolivia–Chile tripoint of Cerro Zapaleri, it extends northward through more than five degrees of latitude to the Peru–Bolivia–Chile tripoint at 17° 29' 55.0" S. latitude and 69° 28' 28.8" W. longitude. Historical background When Bolivia became independent from Spain on August 6, 1825, it took possession of the territories that corresponded to its colonial administration in accordance with the uti possidetis juris of 1810. Bolivia claimed the maritime territory westward from the Andes to the Pacific Ocean between the Río Salado on the south and the Río Loa on the north, which included part of the Atacama Desert. In 1842 Chile made claims to the desert area following the discovery and exploitation of nitrate deposits. With negotiations extending over a period of several decades, a decision was reached finally between Bolivia and Chile in a treaty dated August 10, 1866. Article 1 of the treaty of 1866 stated that "the line of demarcation of boundaries between Chile and Bolivia in the desert "shall henceforth be, the parallel of latitude 24 degrees South." On December 5, 1872, a subsequent treaty confirmed the 24th parallel as the boundary between the two states. In accordance with various other treaties, Bolivia was given an equal share of revenues from guano deposits located in Chilean territory between the 24th and 25th parallels; and Chile had the same concession in Bolivian territory between the 24th and 23rd parallels, which area included the port of Antofagasta. In 1872, the Government of Bolivia granted a concession to a British firm to develop the nitrate deposits in Bolivian territory for a period of 15 years. Ththe secret 1873 Treaty of Defensive Alliance (Bolivia–Peru), called defensive by the signer, was signed at Lima to guarantee the independence, sovereignty, and integrity of their respective territories, but the treaty was kept secret and not communicated to Chile. Therefore, Chile interpreted this pact as a secret alliance against them. In 1878 Bolivia placed a minimum tax on the production of the nitrate firm. In the intervening time, the concession had been transferred to a Chilean company making the leveling of the tax a violation of the treaty of 1866, in which Bolivia had agreed not to increase taxes on the industry without the approval of Chile. Chile asked Peru for a proclamation of neutrality, the latter did not respond, and Chile declared war on both Peru and Bolivia on April 5, 1879, precipitating the so-called War of the Pacific. The Treaty of Ancón ended the conflict between Peru and Chile on October 20, 1883, and a truce was signed by Bolivia and Chile at Valparaíso on April 4, 1884. In accordance with the terms of the truce, Chile was to administer Bolivian territory from the 23rd parallel northward to the Rio Loa, thus depriving Bolivia of the northern part of the province of Antofagasta and a Pacific littoral. The eastern boundary of the territory was given as a series of straight-line segments extending northward between stated points from Cerro Zapaleri (Cerro Sapaleri) through the two thirds of the northeastern slope of Cerro Licancabur, Cerro Cabana, most southerly bay head of Salar de Ascotan, Volcan Oyahue (Volcan Ollague) and Volcan Tua, and then by the boundary between the former Peruvian province of Tarapaca and Bolivia. In 1889, a railroad constructed inland from Antofagasta reached Uyuni on the Bolivian plateau. On May 18, 1895, a treaty signed by Chile and Bolivia confirmed the latter's loss of the territory between the 23rd parallel and the Rio Loa. A second treaty also was signed on the 18th by the two states that promised to transfer Tacna and Arica to Bolivia if Chile obtained them or, if not, the Caleta de Vitor, a small port south of Arica. On October 20, 1904, a peace treaty between Chile and Bolivia delimited the boundary through 96 specified points between Cerro Zapaleri and Cerro Chipe. Provision was made in the treaty for demarcation and boundary pillars were erected shortly thereafter. Chilean sovereignty was recognized by Bolivia over the territory from the ocean to the existing Argentine boundary between the 23rd and 24th parallels. Chile also recognized the right of Bolivia in perpetuity to commercial transit through its territory and ports, to be regulated by special agreements. The Salas-Pinilla Protocol of 1907 made two modifications of the 1904 boundary although ratifications of the protocol were not exchanged until 31 years later. A change was made between Cerro Chipapa and Volcan Olca in favor of Chile in order to keep the Collaguasi railroad, which connected with the Antofagasta-Uyuni railroad, entirely within Chilean territory. In return a second change transferred a small parcel of Chilean territory to Bolivia between Cerro de Patalani and Alto de Panantalla. In 1913, a railroad was completed between Arica and La Paz, which gave Bolivia access to the Pacific Ocean by means of a second railroad. In accordance with the terms of the Treaty of Ancón, Peru ceded unconditionally to Chile the littoral Tarapacá Province, bounded north by the Rio Camarones, south by the Rio Loa, east by Bolivia, and west by the Pacific Ocean. The provinces of Tacna and Arica, bounded north by the Rio Sama from its source in the mountains adjoining Bolivia to the sea, south by the Rio Camarones, east by Bolivia and west by the ocean, were to be administered by Chile for a 10-year period, followed by a plebiscite to determine whether the provinces would remain permanently under Chilean administration or if they would continue to be part of Peruvian territory. Efforts to reach an agreement on the terms of a plebiscite were unsuccessful, and Chile remained in possession of Tacna and Arica after the expiration of the 10-year period stipulated in the Treaty of Ancón. In a treaty signed at Lima on June 3, 1929, Article 2 delimited the international boundary dividing the disputed territory of Tacna and Arica between Peru and Chile. A complementary protocol signed on the same day stated in Article 1 that neither government might without previous agreement with the other cede to any third state all or any part of the territory which, in accordance with the treaty, remained under their respective sovereignties. In Article 2 of the protocol, port facilities granted to Peru under Article 5 of the treaty should consist of free transit to Peruvian territory and from such across Chilean territory. The placing of pillars marking the boundary was completed the following year and a demarcation protocol was signed at Lima on August 5, 1930. In 1939, Chile announced a plan to divert the waters of the Rio Lauca westward through a canal and tunnel into the Quebrada Azapa for purposes of irrigation in the Valle de Azapa and hydroelectric-power generation. Within six miles of the international boundary, Lago Cotacotani is the source of the Rio Lauca which flows successively westward, southward, and eastward for about 50 miles in Chilean territory before entering Bolivia where it ultimately reaches Lago Coipasa. Construction on the project was not started until 1948, and water diversion began 14 years later from a dam located about 16 miles southwest of Lago Cotacotani. In 1962 Bolivia threatened to take the matter of water diversion before the Organization of American States (OAS) which organization ultimately requested the Governments of Bolivia and Chile to resort to one of the means of pacific settlement of disputes provided for in the inter-American system. Geographic setting The Bolivia–Chile boundary extends along the spectacular heights of the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes. From 13,000 feet at the Peru tripoint, it connects with numerous snow-capped peaks exceeding 18,000 feet in elevation to the Argentina tripoint Cerro Sapaleri, at 18,530 feet. Several peaks are above 19,000 feet such as Cerro Sairecahur with an elevation of 19,587 feet. In general mountain passes are high and not easily accessible with some over 14,000 feet in elevation. Barren rocky slopes, limited areas of short grasses, and scattered mountain shrubs are typical along the boundary. Near the boundary salars or salt plains are common such as the Salar de Coipasa in Bolivia and the Salar de Ascotán in Chile. Because of great differences in the elevation and exposure of landform features in the Andes, climatic conditions range broadly along the boundary. Characteristic of the high elevations, mean annual temperatures are relatively low and precipitation tends to be greater on the windward side than on the leeward side of the mountains. The temperatures and precipitation of enclosed valleys and plateau areas contrast greatly with the exposed peaks. Most of the high peaks are snow-capped throughout the year. In general, the area is sparsely populated and few roads cross the boundary. Small towns serve mining companies, transportation maintenance stations, and scattered people engaged in pastoralism or limited cultivation. The principal roads crossing the boundary parallel the Arica–La Paz and Antofagasta–Uyuni railroads. A number of tracks and trails are in use locally along the boundary. Boundary alignment The treaty delimited the boundary from south to north through 96 specific points indicated in the text by numbers in parentheses. In accordance with the treaty of 1904, the boundary between Cerro Zapaleri (Cerro Sapaleri), the Argentina tripoint, and Cerro Chipapa is as follows: From the highest peak of Cerro Zapaleri (1), in a straight line to the highest point (2) of the ridge going toward the south of the Cerros de Guayaques in the approximate latitude of 22° 54'; from here another straight line to the Portezuelo del Cajon (3), and following the divide of that ridge which runs north by the northern slope of Cerro Juriques (Volcan Juriques) (4), through the innominated point located at two thirds of elevation of the northeastern slope of Volcan Licancabur (Cerro Licancabur) in the latitude of 22° 49' 41" and longitude of 67° 52' 35" (5), Cerro Sairecabur (6), [Cerro] Curiquinca (7), and Volcan Putana or [Cerro] Jorjencal (8,) from this point [the boundary] follows by one of the spurs in the direction of the Cerro del Pajonal (9), and in a straight line to the southern peak of the Cerros de Tocorpuri (10), from where it follows again by the divide of the Cordon del Panizo (Cerro Panizo) (11), and Cerros de Tatio (12). It follows always to the north of the divide of the Cordon del Linzor (Volcan Linzor) (13) and of the Cerros de Silaguala (Cordon de Silaguala) (14) from whose northern peak (Volcan Apagado) (15) it goes by a spur to the Cerrito de Silala (Cerro Silala) (16) and then in a straight line to the Cerro Inacaliri or [Cerro] Cajon (17). From this point it goes in a straight line to the peak that seems to be in the center of the group of the Cerros del Inca or Barranca (Faldas de Barrancane) (18) and then along the divide following northward by the ridge of the Cerro de Ascotan or [Cerro del] Jardin (19); from the peak of this mountain it goes in a straight line to the peak of Cerro Araral (20), and by another straight line to the peak of Volcan Ollague (Volcan Oyahue) (21) From here [the boundary goes] in a straight line to the highest peak of Cerro Chipapa (22),... The Boliviano-Chilean protocol of 1907 modified the boundary of 1904 between Cerro Chipapa and Volcan Olca (25) and transferred a small parcel of Bolivian territory to Chile. Between Cerro Chipapa and Volcan Olca, the boundary shall be a straight line from Cerro Chipapa, as marked, to the northern crest of Cerro Paroma (Cerro Paruma), leaving inside Chilean territory a space of not less than one kilometer between the eastern-most point of the Collaguasi railroad and the frontier: from Cerro Paroma it shall continue along the crest which unites Cerro Paroma with Volcan Olca. The boundary between Volcan Olca and Cerro de Patalani is delimited by the treaty of 1904. …From this volcano [Volcan Olca] it follows by the ridge of the Cerros del Millunu (Cordon del Milluni) (26), of [Cerro] Laguna (27), Volcan Irruputuncu (28), [Cerro] Bofedal (29) and [Cerro] Chela (30), and from a high point of mountains, it arrives at Milluri (Cerro Milliri) (31) and then Huallcani (32). From here it goes to the Cerro Caiti (33) and follows by the divide to Cerro Napa(34). From the peak of this mountain it goes in a straight line to a point (35) situated 10 kilometers to the south of the east peak of Cerro Huailla (36), from where it goes in a straight line to the height mentioned, doubling back again to the east and following by a ridge of the Cerros Laguna (37), Corregidor (38), and Huaillaputuncu (39) to the easternmost stones of [Cerro] Sillillica (40), following along a ridge that goes northwest to the peak of Cerro Piga (41). From this mountain, it goes in a straight line to the highest peak of Tres Cerritos (42) and follows in a straight line to Cerro Challacollo (43) and to the narrowest part of the fields of Sacaya (44), opposite Vilacollo. From Sacaya the boundary goes in a straight line to the stones of Cueva Colorada (45) and Santaile (46), where it follows to the northwest by the Cerros Irruputuncu (47) and Patalani (48). A second modification of the 1904 boundary made by the Boliviano-Chilean protocol of 1907 between Cerro de Patalani and Alto de Panantalla (54) transferred a small piece of Chilean territory to Bolivia Between Cerro Patalani and Panantaya (Alto de Panantalla), the frontier shall be a straight line from Cerro Patalani to the crest of Cerro Irpa Pueblo, and from there in a straight line to Cerro Irpa; from there it shall follow the divide to the highest point of Cerros Sillayhuay (Cordillera Sillajhuay) and shall double in the north in order to follow the Cerros de Torini (Cerro Toroni) divide to the Apacheta de Oje, and from there the divide to Cerro Armasaya. From this point it shall be a straight line to Apacheta Tirujalla (Apacheta Tillujaya) and from there a straight line to the Alto de Panantaya, as marked. The boundary between Alto de Panantalla and the Peru tripoint is delimited by the treaty of 1904: …From the height of Panantalla it goes in a straight line to Tolapacheta (55), half the distance between Chapi and Rinconada, and from this point in a straight line to the Portezuelo Huailla (56); next it passes by the peaks of the Cerros Lacataya (57) and Salitral (58). It returns to the north going in a straight line to the Cerrito Tapacollo (Cerro Tapacollo) (59) in the Salar de Coipasa, and in another straight line to the marker of Quellaga (60) from which it follows in straight lines to the Cerro Prieto (Cerrito Prieto) (61) to the north of the field of Pisiga (Pisiga Sucre), Cerrito Toldo (Cerro Toldo) (62), markers of Sicaya (63), Chapillicsa (64), Cabarray (Cabaray) (65), Tres Cruces (66), Jamachuma (67), Quimsachata (68) and Chinchillani (69), and cutting across the Rio Todos Santos (70) it goes by the landmarks of [Cerro] Payacallo (71) and Carahuano (72) to Cerro Capitan (74). It then follows northward by the divide of the ridge of the Cerros Lliscaya (75) and Quilhuiri (76) and from the summit at this point it goes in a straight line to the Cerro Puguintica (77). To the north of this last point, Bolivia and Chile agree to fix the following boundary: from the Cerro Puquintica (77) it goes northward by the ridge toward Macaya, crossing in this place the Rio Lauca (78) and then following in a straight line to the Cerro Chiliri (Cerro Chilliri) (79); it continues northward by the divide to the Portezuelo de Japu (80), the peak of [Cerro]. Quimasachata (81), Portezuelo Tambo Quemado (82), the Cerros de Quisiquisini (83), Portezuelo Huacollo (Paso Guacollo) (84), peaks of the Cerros de Payachata [Nevados de Payachata] (85 and 86), Cerro Larancahua (87), to the Portezuelo Casiri (88). From this point it goes to the Cerros de Condoriri (89) that separate the waters of the Rio Sajama and Rio Achuta from those of the Rio Caquena or Cosapilla, and continues by the ridge between those hills, and goes to the Cerro Carbiri (91), passing by the Portezuelo Achuta (90); from Cerro Carbiri, it descends to the narrows of the Rio Caquena or Rio Caspailla (92), above the post house which also bears the last name. It will then follow the course of the Rio Caquena or Rio Cosapilla to the outlet (93) in the meadows of the Estancia, from where it goes in a straight line to the marker to Visviri (94). From here it goes in a straight line [northward to the Peru tripoint] Present situation Bolivia continues to have aspirations for a territorial outlet to the Pacific Ocean. Chile has granted Bolivia duty-free use of the ports of Arica and Antofagasta and of the railroads connecting them. An agreement has not been reached by the two states relative to the diversion of water from the Rio Lauca by Chile. There seems to be no dispute with respect to the alignment of the Bolivia-Chile boundary. Diplomatic relations between Bolivia and Chile have been broken since April 1962, with a shorter period of diplomatic relations in 1975 during the Pinochet–Banzer negotiations. After five years of negotiation, Bolivia sought a ruling by the International Court of Justice on the matter. On October 1, 2018, the ICJ ruled against Bolivia's claim that Chile was under a "legal obligation to negotiate a sovereign access" to the sea for Bolivia. See also Bolivia–Chile relations Puna de Atacama dispute Bolivian gas conflict Arica–La Paz railway Notes References International Boundary Study, No. 67 – March 15, 1966, Bolivia – Chile Boundary, https://web.archive.org/web/20120426224258/http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS067.pdf Treaty of Territorial Limits between Chile and Bolivia Santiago, August 10, 1866 [Ratifications exchanged at Santiago, December 9, 1866]. British and Foreign State Papers (BFSP), Vol. 56 1865 - 66, pp. 717 – 719. Decree of the President of Chile, promulgating the Convention concluded with Bolivia, on the 5th of December, 1872, relating to Boundaries and Neutral Territory. Santiago, January 8, 1873. Ibid., Vol. 65 1873 - 74, pp. 275 – 277. Treaty between Bolivia and Chile, respecting boundaries. Sucre, August 6, 1874. Ibid., Vol. 71, 1879 - 1880, pp. 897 – 899. Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Chile and Peru. Lima, October 20, 1883 [Ratifications exchanged at Lima, March 28, 1884]. Ibid., Vol. 74, 1882 - 83, pp. 349 –352. Agreement of truce between Chile and Bolivia. Valparaiso, April 4, 1884 [Ratifications exchanged November 29, 1884]. Ibid., Vol. 75, 1883 - 84, pp. 367 – 370 (includes Supplementary Protocol, April 8, 1884). Treaty of Peace and Amity between the Republics of Chile and Bolivia. Santiago, May 18, 1895 [Ratifications exchanged at Santiago, April 30, 1896]. Ibid., Vol. 88, 1895 - 96, pp. 755 – 757. Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Commerce between Bolivia and Chile. Santiago, October 20, 1904 [Ratifications exchanged at La Paz, March 10, 1905]. Ibid., Vol. 98, 1904 - 05, pp. 763 – 770. Lista de las coordenades jeograficas i altitudes de los puntos de la linea de limites con Bolivia, conforme al tratado del 20 de Octubre de 1904. Chile, Boletin del Ministerio de Relaciones Esteriores, Octubre 1905, pp. 22 – 25. Demarcacion de la Frontera [con Chile]. Bolivia, Memoria de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto, Anexos a la Memoria de 1908, pp. 22 – 93. Canje de Territorios con Bolivia Protocolo de 1 de Mayo de 1907. Tratados, Convenciones y Arreglos Internacionales de Chile, 1934, pp. 1 – 4. Treaty for the Settlement of the Dispute regarding Tacna and Arica, with additional Protocol. League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 94, 1929, No. 2157, pp. 402 – 411. Acta Final sobre la Demarcasion de la Frontera. Lima, 1930. Tratados, Convenciones y Acuerdos vigentes entre el Peru y otros Estados, Lima, 1936, pp. 191 – 197. Ireland, Gordan, Boundaries, Prossessions and Conflicts in South America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1938; Disputes and Adjustments: Bolivia - Chile pp. 53 – 66; Existing Treaty Relations: Bolivia - Chile pp. 284 – 5. Marchant, Alexander, Boundaries of the Latin American Republics. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1944; Bolivia - Chile pp. 244 – 47. (Maps) Bolivia: scale, 1:250,000; Ministerio de Conlonizacion (1933–35) and Instituto Geografico Militar de Bolivia (1936); sheets; 31 (Corocoro - Charana), 37 (Arica - Carangas), 43 (Coipasa), 49 (Iquique), 53 (Ollague), and 57 (Sud Lipez). Bolivia: scale 1:250,000; Ministerio de Minas y Petroleo (1956–58); Sheets: Corocoro, Carangas, Llica, San Pedro de Quemes, San Pablo, and Quetena. Chile: scale 1:500,000; Instituto Geografico Militar de Chile (1945–50); sheets: 1 (Arica), 1A (Arica Pisagua), 2 (Iquique - Pisagua), 3 (Tocopilla - Calama), 4 (Antofagasta), and 4A (San Pedro de Atacama). Category:1904 in Chile Category:Bolivia–Chile treaties Category:Irredentism Category:Peace treaties Category:Salta Province Category:Treaties concluded in 1904 Category:War of the Pacific Category:Bolivia–Chile relations Category:Bolivia–Chile border Category:Boundary treaties	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Craig E. Williams Craig E. Williams is an American army Vietnam War veteran from Kentucky and co-founder of the Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation. Williams was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 2006 for his efforts on convincing The Pentagon to stop plans to incinerate decaying caches of chemical weapons stockpiled around the United States. The Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation, along with other groups that formed International Campaign to Ban Landmines, received Nobel Peace Prize in 1997. Early life and education Williams served in the United States Army from 1968-69, including a deployment to Vietnam during the Vietnam War. He graduated from Eastern Kentucky University in 1978. References Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:American army personnel of the Vietnam War Category:American activists Category:Eastern Kentucky University alumni Category:People from Kentucky Category:United States Army soldiers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
PAL Stadium Police Athletic League Stadium (PAL Stadium) is a stadium located in San Jose, California owned by the SJ division of the Police Athletic League, the stadium seats 5,000. It is home to Real San Jose of the united Premier Soccer League. Category:Soccer venues in California Category:Sports venues in San Jose, California Category:National Premier Soccer League stadiums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
KBS TV Novel KBS TV Novel () was a TV series that was broadcast on KBS 2TV at 09:00 (KST) during weekdays, under the production of the KBS Drama Production group. It was broadcast on KBS 1TV until 2009. The production and broadcasting were temporarily halted due to the production cost issue, however, the TV Novel series was back on KBS 2TV in November 2011 after being reorganized. On August 13, 2018 KBS announced that the TV Novel series will end after 22 years of broadcast. Broadcast List of works References External links World.KBS.co.kr - Official KBS World Website Category:Korean Broadcasting System television programmes Korean Broadcasting System Korean Broadcasting System * Category:2018 South Korean television series endings	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Caesar Carl Hans Henkel Caesar Carl Wilhelm Hans Henkel (1837 Fulda, Hesse - 16 June 1913 Umtata), was a German-born South African forester, cartographer, painter, soldier and botanist. He was the father of John Spurgeon Henkel. Henkel came from an old and distinguished German military family. He enlisted as an officer in the British-German Legion during the Crimean War. The war having ended before the British-German Legion saw any action, Henkel settled in the Eastern Cape in 1856, where he acted as secretary to the commanding officer Baron Richard von Stutterheim (1809-1872) and played a major role in settling German immigrants in the King William's Town area. Returning from service in the Indian Mutiny, Henkel filled various administrative posts in the Eastern Cape between 1860-75. He proved to be an extremely competent cartographer in the office of the surveyor-general between 1876–83; his map of the Transkei then regarded as the definitive work. Thereafter he worked as forester in the districts of Stockenstrom and King William's Town. He was finally appointed chief forest officer and stationed at Umtata and was responsible for the conservation of indigenous forests and for the development of commercial forestry in the Transkei. His pioneering work in these fields greatly influenced the course taken by forestry practice in South Africa. Henkel inaugurated a policy of establishing exotic wattle plantations throughout the Transkei in order to reduce exploitation of the indigenous forests. On his retirement, he became a town councillor of Umtata and started importing useful and rare trees and shrubs which he planted on his estate, "The Pines", outside Umtata. Here he also started the first fish hatchery of the country. His name is commemorated in Podocarpus henkelii. Some of his paintings are kept at the East London Museum, the Africana Museum in Johannesburg and the History Museum in Grahamstown. Personal Caesar Henkel married Auguste Radue (30 November 1850 Arnswalde - 6 October 1928) and they raised a family of 6 sons and 6 daughters: John Spurgeon Henkel (1871-1962) x Juanita NN xx Ethel Mary NN Paul Louis Henkel Maria Josephina Ida Henkel x Fritz Wilhelm Waldemar Borchers Martha Charlotte Henkel Philip Carl Henkel Anna Henkel Ida Pauline Henkel (died in infancy) Benjamin Henkel (1881-1947) x Winifred Maud Hawken (1886-1970) James Henkel (1882-1964) x Rhoda NN (1888-1958) Jemima Henkel Charles Frederick Henkel (1886-1946) Josephine August Henkel x Burton Alexander Nicol (1870-1937) Publications Tree Planting for Ornamental and Economic Purposes in the Transkeian Territories - 1894 History, Resources and Products of the Country between Cape Colony and Natal,or Kaffraria proper - 1903 The Native or Transkeian Territories - Hamburg, 1903 References Category:1837 births Category:1913 deaths Category:German emigrants to South Africa Category:South African cartographers Category:South African foresters Category:19th-century South African painters Category:20th-century South African painters	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Norepinephrine Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter. The name "noradrenaline", derived from Latin roots meaning "at/alongside the kidneys", is more commonly used in the United Kingdom; in the United States, "norepinephrine", derived from Greek roots having that same meaning, is usually preferred. "Norepinephrine" is also the international nonproprietary name given to the drug. Regardless of which name is used for the substance itself, parts of the body that produce or are affected by it are referred to as noradrenergic. The general function of norepinephrine is to mobilize the brain and body for action. Norepinephrine release is lowest during sleep, rises during wakefulness, and reaches much higher levels during situations of stress or danger, in the so-called fight-or-flight response. In the brain, norepinephrine increases arousal and alertness, promotes vigilance, enhances formation and retrieval of memory, and focuses attention; it also increases restlessness and anxiety. In the rest of the body, norepinephrine increases heart rate and blood pressure, triggers the release of glucose from energy stores, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, reduces blood flow to the gastrointestinal system, and inhibits voiding of the bladder and gastrointestinal motility. In the brain, noradrenaline is produced in nuclei that are small yet exert powerful effects on other brain areas. The most important of these nuclei is the locus coeruleus, located in the pons. Outside the brain, norepinephrine is used as a neurotransmitter by sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord or in the abdomen, and it is also released directly into the bloodstream by the adrenal glands. Regardless of how and where it is released, norepinephrine acts on target cells by binding to and activating adrenergic receptors located on the cell surface. A variety of medically important drugs work by altering the actions of noradrenaline systems. Noradrenaline itself is widely used as an injectable drug for the treatment of critically low blood pressure. Beta blockers, which counter some of the effects of noradrenaline by blocking their receptors, are frequently used to treat glaucoma, migraine, and a range of cardiovascular problems. Alpha blockers, which counter a different set of noradrenaline effects, are used to treat several cardiovascular and psychiatric conditions. Alpha-2 agonists often have a sedating effect, and are commonly used as anesthesia-enhancers in surgery, as well as in treatment of drug or alcohol dependence. Many important psychiatric drugs exert strong effects on noradrenaline systems in the brain, resulting in side-effects that may be helpful or harmful. Structure Norepinephrine is a catecholamine and a phenethylamine. Its structure differs from that of epinephrine only in that epinephrine has a methyl group attached to its nitrogen, whereas the methyl group is replaced by a hydrogen atom in norepinephrine. The prefix nor- is derived as an abbreviation of the word "normal", used to indicate a demethylated compound. Biochemical mechanisms Biosynthesis Norepinephrine is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine by a series of enzymatic steps in the adrenal medulla and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. While the conversion of tyrosine to dopamine occurs predominantly in the cytoplasm, the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine by dopamine β-monooxygenase occurs predominantly inside neurotransmitter vesicles. The metabolic pathway is: Phenylalanine → Tyrosine → L-DOPA → Dopamine → Norepinephrine Thus the direct precursor of norepinephrine is dopamine, which is synthesized indirectly from the essential amino acid phenylalanine or the non-essential amino acid tyrosine. These amino acids are found in nearly every protein and, as such, are provided by ingestion of protein-containing food, with tyrosine being the most common. Phenylalanine is converted into tyrosine by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, with molecular oxygen (O2) and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors. Tyrosine is converted into L-DOPA by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, with tetrahydrobiopterin, O2, and probably ferrous iron (Fe2+) as cofactors. L-DOPA is converted into dopamine by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (also known as DOPA decarboxylase), with pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor. Dopamine is then converted into norepinephrine by the enzyme dopamine β-monooxygenase (formerly known as dopamine β-hydroxylase), with O2 and ascorbic acid as cofactors. Norepinephrine itself can further be converted into epinephrine by the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase with S-adenosyl-L-methionine as cofactor. Degradation In mammals, norepinephrine is rapidly degraded to various metabolites. The initial step in the breakdown can be catalyzed by either of the enzymes monoamine oxidase (mainly monoamine oxidase A) or COMT. From there the breakdown can proceed by a variety of pathways. The principal end products are either Vanillylmandelic acid or a conjugated form of MHPG, both of which are thought to be biologically inactive and are excreted in the urine. Functions Cellular effects Like many other biologically active substances, norepinephrine exerts its effects by binding to and activating receptors located on the surface of cells. Two broad families of norepinephrine receptors have been identified, known as alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. Alpha receptors are divided into subtypes α1 and α2; beta receptors into subtypes β1, β2, and β3. All of these function as G protein-coupled receptors, meaning that they exert their effects via a complex second messenger system. Alpha-2 receptors usually have inhibitory effects, but many are located pre-synaptically (i.e., on the surface of the cells that release norepinephrine), so the net effect of alpha-2 activation is often a decrease in the amount of norepinephrine released. Alpha-1 receptors and all three types of beta receptors usually have excitatory effects. Storage, release, and reuptake Inside the brain norepinephrine functions as a neurotransmitter, and is controlled by a set of mechanisms common to all monoamine neurotransmitters. After synthesis, norepinephrine is transported from the cytosol into synaptic vesicles by the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT). Norepinephrine is stored in these vesicles until it is ejected into the synaptic cleft, typically after an action potential causes the vesicles to release their contents directly into the synaptic cleft through a process called exocytosis. Once in the synapse, norepinephrine binds to and activates receptors. After an action potential, the norepinephrine molecules quickly become unbound from their receptors. They are then absorbed back into the presynaptic cell, via reuptake mediated primarily by the norepinephrine transporter (NET). Once back in the cytosol, norepinephrine can either be broken down by monoamine oxidase or repackaged into vesicles by VMAT, making it available for future release. Sympathetic nervous system Norepinephrine is the main neurotransmitter used by the sympathetic nervous system, which consists of about two dozen sympathetic chain ganglia located next to the spinal cord, plus a set of prevertebral ganglia located in the chest and abdomen. These sympathetic ganglia are connected to numerous organs, including the eyes, salivary glands, heart, lungs, liver, gallbladder, stomach, intestines, kidneys, urinary bladder, reproductive organs, muscles, skin, and adrenal glands. Sympathetic activation of the adrenal glands causes the part called the adrenal medulla to release norepinephrine (as well as epinephrine) into the bloodstream, from which, functioning as a hormone, it gains further access to a wide variety of tissues. Broadly speaking, the effect of norepinephrine on each target organ is to modify its state in a way that makes it more conducive to active body movement, often at a cost of increased energy use and increased wear and tear. This can be contrasted with the acetylcholine-mediated effects of the parasympathetic nervous system, which modifies most of the same organs into a state more conducive to rest, recovery, and digestion of food, and usually less costly in terms of energy expenditure. The sympathetic effects of norepinephrine include: In the eyes, an increase in production of tears, making the eyes more moist, and pupil dilation through contraction of the iris dilator. In the heart, an increase in the amount of blood pumped. In brown adipose tissue, an increase in calories burned to generate body heat (thermogenesis). Multiple effects on the immune system. The sympathetic nervous system is the primary path of interaction between the immune system and the brain, and several components receive sympathetic inputs, including the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. However the effects are complex, with some immune processes activated while others are inhibited. In the arteries, constriction of blood vessels, causing an increase in blood pressure. In the kidneys, release of renin and retention of sodium in the bloodstream. In the liver, an increase in production of glucose, either by glycogenolysis after a meal or by gluconeogenesis when food has not recently been consumed. Glucose is the body's main energy source in most conditions. In the pancreas, increased release of glucagon, a hormone whose main effect is to increase the production of glucose by the liver. In skeletal muscles, an increase in glucose uptake. In adipose tissue (i.e., fat cells), an increase in lipolysis, that is, conversion of fat to substances that can be used directly as energy sources by muscles and other tissues. In the stomach and intestines, a reduction in digestive activity. This results from a generally inhibitory effect of norepinephrine on the enteric nervous system, causing decreases in gastrointestinal mobility, blood flow, and secretion of digestive substances. Noradrenaline and ATP are sympathetic co-transmitters. It is found that the endocannabinoid anandamide and the cannabinoid, WIN 55,212-,2 can modify the overall response to sympathetic nerve stimulation, and indicate that prejunctional CB1 receptors mediate the sympatho-inhibitory action. Thus can cannabinoids inhibit both the noradrenergic and purinergic components of sympathetic neurotransmission. Central nervous system The noradrenergic neurons in the brain form a neurotransmitter system, that, when activated, exerts effects on large areas of the brain. The effects are manifested in alertness, arousal, and readiness for action. Noradrenergic neurons (i.e., neurons whose primary neurotransmitter is norepinephrine) are comparatively few in number, and their cell bodies are confined to a few relatively small brain areas, but they send projections to many other brain areas and exert powerful effects on their targets. These noradrenergic cell groups were first mapped in 1964 by Annica Dahlström and Kjell Fuxe, who assigned them labels starting with the letter "A" (for "aminergic"). In their scheme, areas A1 through A7 contain the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (A8 through A14 contain dopamine). Noradrenergic cell group A1 is located in the caudal ventrolateral part of the medulla, and plays a role in the control of body fluid metabolism. Noradrenergic cell group A2 is located in a brainstem area called the solitary nucleus; these cells have been implicated in a variety of responses, including control of food intake and responses to stress. Cell groups A5 and A7 project mainly to the spinal cord. The most important source of norepinephrine in the brain is the locus coeruleus, which contains noradrenergic cell group A6 and adjoins cell group A4. The locus coeruleus is quite small in absolute terms—in primates it is estimated to contain around 15,000 neurons, less than one millionth of the neurons in the brain—but it sends projections to every major part of the brain and also to the spinal cord. The level of activity in the locus coeruleus correlates broadly with vigilance and speed of reaction. LC activity is low during sleep and drops to virtually nothing during the REM (dreaming) state. It runs at a baseline level during wakefulness, but increases temporarily when a person is presented with any sort of stimulus that draws attention. Unpleasant stimuli such as pain, difficulty breathing, bladder distension, heat or cold generate larger increases. Extremely unpleasant states such as intense fear or intense pain are associated with very high levels of LC activity. Norepinephrine released by the locus coeruleus affects brain function in a number of ways. It enhances processing of sensory inputs, enhances attention, enhances formation and retrieval of both long term and working memory, and enhances the ability of the brain to respond to inputs by changing the activity pattern in the prefrontal cortex and other areas. The control of arousal level is strong enough that drug-induced suppression of the LC has a powerful sedating effect. There is great similarity between situations that activate the locus coeruleus in the brain and situations that activate the sympathetic nervous system in the periphery: the LC essentially mobilizes the brain for action while the sympathetic system mobilizes the body. It has been argued that this similarity arises because both are to a large degree controlled by the same brain structures, particularly a part of the brainstem called the nucleus gigantocellularis. Pharmacology A large number of important drugs exert their effects by interacting with norepinephrine systems in the brain or body. Their uses include treatment of cardiovascular problems, shock, and a variety of psychiatric conditions. These drugs are divided into: sympathomimetic drugs which mimic or enhance at least some of the effects of norepinephrine released by the sympathetic nervous system; sympatholytic drugs, in contrast, block at least some of the effects. Both of these are large groups with diverse uses, depending on exactly which effects are enhanced or blocked. Norepinephrine itself is classified as a sympathomimetic drug: its effects when given by intravenous injection of increasing heart rate and force and constricting blood vessels make it very useful for treating medical emergencies that involve critically low blood pressure. Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommended norepinephrine as first line agent in treating septic shock which is unresponsive to fluid resuscitation, supplemented by vasopressin and epinephrine. Dopamine usage is restricted only to highly selected patients. Beta blockers These are sympatholytic drugs that block the effects of beta adrenergic receptors while having little or no effect on alpha receptors. They are sometimes used to treat high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure, but recent reviews have concluded that other types of drugs are usually superior for those purposes. Beta blockers may be a viable choice for other cardiovascular conditions, though, including angina and Marfan syndrome. They are also widely used to treat glaucoma, most commonly in the form of eyedrops. Because of their effects in reducing anxiety symptoms and tremor, they have sometimes been used by entertainers, public speakers and athletes to reduce performance anxiety, although they are not medically approved for that purpose and are banned by the International Olympic Committee. However, the usefulness of beta blockers is limited by a range of serious side effects, including slowing of heart rate, a drop in blood pressure, asthma, and reactive hypoglycemia. The negative effects can be particularly severe in people who suffer from diabetes. Alpha blockers These are sympatholytic drugs that block the effects of adrenergic alpha receptors while having little or no effect on beta receptors. Drugs belonging to this group can have very different effects, however, depending on whether they primarily block alpha-1 receptors, alpha-2 receptors, or both. Alpha-2 receptors, as described elsewhere in this article, are frequently located on norepinephrine-releasing neurons themselves and have inhibitory effects on them; consequently blockage of alpha-2 receptors usually results in an increase in norepinephrine release. Alpha-1 receptors are usually located on target cells and have excitatory effects on them; consequently blockage of alpha-1 receptors usually results in blocking some of the effects of norepinephrine. Drugs such as phentolamine that act on both types of receptors can produce a complex combination of both effects. In most cases when the term "alpha blocker" is used without qualification, it refers to a selective alpha-1 antagonist. Selective alpha-1 blockers have a variety of uses. Because one of their effects is to relax the muscles in the neck of the bladder, they are often used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, and to help with the expulsion of bladder stones. Alpha-blockers also likely help people pass their kidney stones. Their effects on the central nervous system make them useful for treating generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. They may, however, have significant side-effects, including a drop in blood pressure. Some antidepressants function partly as selective alpha-2 blockers, but the best-known drug in that class is yohimbine, which is extracted from the bark of the African yohimbe tree. Yohimbine acts as a male potency enhancer, but its usefulness for that purpose is limited by serious side-effects including anxiety and insomnia. Overdoses can cause a dangerous increase in blood pressure. Yohimbine is banned in many countries, but in the United States, because it is extracted from a plant rather than chemically synthesized, it is sold over the counter as a nutritional supplement. Alpha-2 agonists These are sympathomimetic drugs that activate alpha-2 receptors or enhance their effects. Because alpha-2 receptors are inhibitory and many are located presynaptically on norepinephrine-releasing cells, the net effect of these drugs is usually to reduce the amount of norepinephrine released. Drugs in this group that are capable of entering the brain often have strong sedating effects, due to their inhibitory effects on the locus coeruleus. Clonidine, for example, is used for the treatment of anxiety disorders and insomnia, and also as a sedative premedication for patients about to undergo surgery. Xylazine, another drug in this group, is also a powerful sedative and is often used in combination with ketamine as a general anaesthetic for veterinary surgery—in the United States it has not been approved for use in humans. Stimulants and antidepressants These are drugs whose primary effects are thought to be mediated by different neurotransmitter systems (dopamine for stimulants, serotonin for antidepressants), but many also increase levels of norepinephrine in the brain. Amphetamine, for example, is a stimulant that increases release of norepinephrine as well as dopamine. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are antidepressants that inhibit the metabolic degradation of norepinephrine as well as serotonin. In some cases it is difficult to distinguish the norepinephrine-mediated effects from the effects related to other neurotransmitters. Diseases and disorders A number of important medical problems involve dysfunction of the norepinephrine system in the brain or body. Sympathetic hyperactivation Hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system is not a recognized condition in itself, but it is a component of a number of conditions, as well as a possible consequence of taking sympathomimetic drugs. It causes a distinctive set of symptoms including aches and pains, rapid heartbeat, elevated blood pressure, sweating, palpitations, anxiety, headache, paleness, and a drop in blood glucose. If sympathetic activity is elevated for an extended time, it can cause weight loss and other stress-related body changes. The list of conditions that can cause sympathetic hyperactivation includes severe brain injury, spinal cord damage, heart failure, high blood pressure, kidney disease, and various types of stress. Pheochromocytoma A pheochromocytoma is a rarely occurring tumor of the adrenal medulla, caused either by genetic factors or certain types of cancer. The consequence is a massive increase in the amount of norepinephrine and epinephrine released into the bloodstream. The most obvious symptoms are those of sympathetic hyperactivation, including particularly a rise in blood pressure that can reach fatal levels. The most effective treatment is surgical removal of the tumor. Stress Stress, to a physiologist, means any situation that threatens the continued stability of the body and its functions. Stress affects a wide variety of body systems: the two most consistently activated are the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the norepinephrine system, including both the sympathetic nervous system and the locus coeruleus-centered system in the brain. Stressors of many types evoke increases in noradrenergic activity, which mobilizes the brain and body to meet the threat. Chronic stress, if continued for a long time, can damage many parts of the body. A significant part of the damage is due to the effects of sustained norepinephrine release, because of norepinephrine's general function of directing resources away from maintenance, regeneration, and reproduction, and toward systems that are required for active movement. The consequences can include slowing of growth (in children), sleeplessness, loss of libido, gastrointestinal problems, impaired disease resistance, slower rates of injury healing, depression, and increased vulnerability to addiction. ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a psychiatric condition involving problems with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. It is most commonly treated using stimulant drugs such as methylphenidate (Ritalin), whose primary effect is to increase dopamine levels in the brain, but drugs in this group also generally increase brain levels of norepinephrine, and it has been difficult to determine whether these actions are involved in their clinical value. There is also substantial evidence that many people with ADHD show biomarkers involving altered norepinephrine processing. Several drugs whose primary effects are on norepinephrine, including guanfacine, clonidine, and atomoxetine, have been tried as treatments for ADHD, and found to have effects comparable to those of stimulants. Autonomic failure Several conditions, including Parkinson's disease, diabetes and so-called pure autonomic failure, can cause a loss of norepinephrine-secreting neurons in the sympathetic nervous system. The symptoms are widespread, the most serious being a reduction in heart rate and an extreme drop in resting blood pressure, making it impossible for severely affected people to stand for more than a few seconds without fainting. Treatment can involve dietary changes or drugs. Comparative biology and evolution Norepinephrine has been reported to exist in a wide variety of animal species, including protozoa, placozoa and cnidaria (jellyfish and related species), but not in ctenophores (comb jellies), whose nervous systems differ greatly from those of other animals. It is generally present in deuterostomes (vertebrates, etc.), but in protostomes (arthropods, molluscs, flatworms, nematodes, annelids, etc.) it is replaced by octopamine, a closely related chemical with a closely related synthesis pathway. In insects, octopamine has alerting and activating functions that correspond (at least roughly) with the functions of norepinephrine in vertebrates. It has been argued that octopamine evolved to replace norepinephrine rather than vice versa; however, the nervous system of amphioxus (a primitive chordate) has been reported to contain octopamine but not norepinephrine, which presents difficulties for that hypothesis. History Early in the twentieth century Walter Cannon, who had popularized the idea of a sympathoadrenal system preparing the body for fight and flight, and his colleague Arturo Rosenblueth developed a theory of two sympathins, sympathin E (excitatory) and sympathin I (inhibitory), responsible for these actions. The Belgian pharmacologist Zénon Bacq as well as Canadian and US-American pharmacologists between 1934 and 1938 suggested that noradrenaline might be a sympathetic transmitter. In 1939, Hermann Blaschko and Peter Holtz independently identified the biosynthetic mechanism for norepinephrine in the vertebrate body. In 1945 Ulf von Euler published the first of a series of papers that established the role of norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter. He demonstrated the presence of norepinephrine in sympathetically innervated tissues and brain, and adduced evidence that it is the sympathin of Cannon and Rosenblueth. References Category:Norepinephrine Category:TAAR1 agonists Category:Amphetamine Category:Neurotransmitters Category:Hormones Category:Biology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Category:Catecholamines Category:Biogenic amines Category:Peripherally selective drugs Category:Phenylethanolamines	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
South Australian Baseball League 2006/2007 Results and statistics for the South Australian Baseball League (Division 1) season of 2006–2007. Match results Round 1: 8 October 2005 Round 2: 15 October 2005 Round 3: 21 October 2006 Round 4: 29 October 2005 Round 5: 5 November 2006 Round 6: 12 November 2006 Round 7: 14 November 2006 (Twilight) Round 8: 19 November 2006 (Double Header Game 1) Round 9: 19 November 2006 (Double Header Game 2) Round 10: 25 November 2006 Round 11: 28 November 2006 (Twilight) Round 12: 3 December 2006 (Double Header Game 1) Round 13: 3 December 2006 (Double Header Game 2) Round 14: 9 December 2006 Round 15: 12 December 2006 (Twilight) Round 16: 17 December 2006 Round 17: 19 December 2006 (Twilight) Round 18: 23 December 2006 Ladder (As of Round 18) Finals Awards See also Baseball in Australia South Australian Baseball League External links 2006/07 Division 1 Results Category:2007 in Australian baseball Category:2006 in Australian baseball	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kin Vassy Charles Kindred "Kin" Vassy (August 16, 1943 – June 23, 1994) was a singer-songwriter, who in addition to his solo recordings also recorded with other artists, most notably Kenny Rogers, Frank Zappa and Elvis Presley. In the 1960s, Vassy was a member of The Back Porch Majority. He left that group in 1969 and joined the country rock band Kenny Rogers and The First Edition. As a member of the group he recorded a top 30 album — Something's Burning — and one of his own songs "Heed The Call" became a top 40 hit in 1970. He performed lead vocal on the group's 1972 single "School Teacher". In 1973, he sang the "Yipee-Yi-Yo-Ty-Yay's" on the outro of Frank Zappa's single "Montana" from the "Over-Nite Sensation" album. Vassy left the First Edition in 1972 after The Ballad of Calico album and was replaced by Jimmy Hassell. He went on to work on both a solo career and as a session musician. In 1980, Vassy released two singles for the International Artists (IA) record label: "Do I Ever Cross Your Mind" and "Makes Me Wonder If I Ever Said Goodbye." He moved to the Liberty Records label and released seven singles on it, including Earl Thomas Conley's "When You Were Blue and I Was Green", which reached No. 21 on Hot Country Songs. Vassy continued to work with Rogers on various projects, such as his 1984 album What About Me?. Vassy also composed the song "Kentucky Homemade Christmas" for Rogers, released on Christmas (Liberty Records, 1981). Also in 1984, he performed a song with country-gospel singer Stella Parton, for the Rhinestone soundtrack, which Stella's sister Dolly had starred in. Vassy died of lung cancer in 1994. Discography References Category:1943 births Category:1994 deaths Category:American country singer-songwriters Category:American male singer-songwriters Category:Deaths from cancer in Georgia (U.S. state) Category:The First Edition (band) members Category:Liberty Records artists Category:Singers from Georgia (U.S. state) Category:People from Carrollton, Georgia Category:American session musicians Category:20th-century American singers Category:Songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state) Category:Country musicians from Georgia (U.S. state) Category:20th-century male singers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Be More Chill (musical) Be More Chill is a musical with original music and lyrics by Joe Iconis, and a book by Joe Tracz, based on the 2004 novel of the same name by Ned Vizzini. After a 2015 regional theatre production, the musical premiered Off-Broadway in 2018. A Broadway production began previews on February 13, 2019, and officially opened on March 10, 2019. The Broadway production closed on August 11, 2019. An Off West End production opened on February 18, 2020. A Chicago production is set to open April 2020. A film adaptation is currently in development. Productions Original New Jersey production The musical premiered in May 30, 2015 at the Two River Theater in Red Bank, New Jersey. It ran until June 28, 2015. The production was directed by Stephen Brackett and featured orchestrations done by Charlie Rosen, music direction by Nathan Dame, and choreography by Chase Brock. It featured Will Connolly as Jeremy, Eric William Morris as The Squip, George Salazar as Michael, and Stephanie Hsu as Christine, as well as Katie Ladner, Lauren Marcus, Jake Boyd, Gerard Canonico, Kaitlyn Carlson, and Paul Whitty. The musical was commissioned by Two River Theater in 2011 as part of their new play development program. Original Off-Broadway production After mixed reviews in its out of town tryouts, the show did not receive another production. In early 2017, the show began to gain traction online. A cast recording of the original production entered Billboard Cast Album chart’s Top 10 in July, 2017. This lead to the show getting an Off-Broadway production in 2018. Be More Chill ran Off-Broadway at the Irene Diamond Stage at the Pershing Square Signature Center. It began previews July 26, 2018, officially opening on August 9, 2018. It was originally scheduled to close on September 23, 2018 but was given a one-week extension after selling out and closed on September 30, 2018. This production featured several original cast members including Hsu, Salazar, Canonico, Carlson, and Marcus reprising their respective roles. New cast members included Will Roland as Jeremy, Jason Tam as the Squip, Britton Smith as Jake, Tiffany Mann as Jenna, and Jason "Sweettooth" Williams as Mr. Heere. The production also added Emily Marshall as its music director. Original Broadway production On September 5, 2018 a Broadway production was announced. Preview performances at the Lyceum Theatre began on February 13, 2019 and the show officially opened on March 10, 2019. The Broadway transfer was estimated to cost $9.5 million according to lead producer Jerry Goehring. On December 18, 2018, it was announced that the entire Off-Broadway cast would reprise their roles for the Broadway production. Understudies and covers for the Broadway production featured Cameron Bond, Anthony Chatmon II, Morgan Siobhan Green, Troy Iwata, Talia Suskauer, and Joel Waggoner. The production announced its closing on June 20, 2019 and closed on August 11, 2019, playing 30 previews and 177 performances. Original London production Be More Chill announced a London run on September 29, 2019. Previews began at The Other Palace on February 12, 2020, with an opening night set for February 18, 2020. On December 9, 2019, casting for the London pronounced, with Scott Folan as Jeremy, Blake Patrick Anderson as Michael, Miracle Chance as Christine, and Stewart Clarke as the SQUIP. Other cast members include Renée Lamb, Millie O'Connell, Eloise Davies, James Hameed, Miles Paloma, and Christopher Fry. Original Chicago production On December 12, 2019, the show announced that it would have an 18-week limited engagement run open in Chicago at the Apollo Theater. Previews are set to begin April 17, 2020 and opening night is set for April 26, 2020. Synopsis Act One Jeremy Heere, a high school junior, is a social outcast. He lives with his recently divorced father, who works from home and makes Jeremy uncomfortable by refusing to wear pants in the house. At school, Jeremy is bullied by popular student Rich Goranski, who writes "boyf" on his backpack. His best friend, Michael Mell, (on whose backpack Rich has written "riends") tries to comfort Jeremy by telling him that being a loser is okay. Jeremy's long-time crush Christine Canigula signs up for the school play, and he decides to as well. Jeremy wonders if someone can help him "more than survive" ("More Than Survive"). As they wait for the first play rehearsal to begin, Christine professes her love of theater to Jeremy, because she can play different people and always knows what to say and do ("I Love Play Rehearsal"). The drama teacher, Mr. Reyes, reveals that the school play will be A Midsummer Night's Dream set in a post-apocalyptic future, re-titled A Midsummer Nightmare (About Zombies). During rehearsal, Jake Dillinger, one of the popular boys and Rich's friend, flirts with Christine, making Jeremy jealous ("More Than Survive (Reprise)"). Jeremy is confronted in the bathroom by Rich, who tells Jeremy how he managed his rise to popularity: as an unpopular freshman, he took a pill called a "super quantum unit Intel processor"—a "SQUIP"—containing a computer that implants itself inside the user's brain and tells the user what to do and say. Rich suggests that Jeremy buy one in order to become cooler ("The Squip Song"). While playing video games with Michael, Jeremy tells him about Rich's offer. After an awkward conversation with his dad (still not wearing pants), Jeremy decides to check the SQUIP out. Jeremy assures Michael that, no matter what happens, they'll always be a team ("Two-Player Game"). The two visit the mall to buy the SQUIP from a dealer at Payless ShoeSource. Jeremy, as instructed, swallows it with green Mountain Dew. When the SQUIP activates, it causes Jeremy to have a seizure in front of Christine and Jake ("The Squip Enters"). The SQUIP (in the guise of Keanu Reeves), criticizes Jeremy's appearance, personality, and behavior, telling him that everything about him is terrible ("Be More Chill, Pt. 1"). The SQUIP orders him to go to a store to buy a new Eminem shirt. Jeremy encounters two popular girls from school, Brooke Lohst and Chloe Valentine, and the SQUIP helps Jeremy fabricate a story in order to create empathy with the two girls. They offer Jeremy a ride home ("Do You Wanna Ride?") which the SQUIP demands he accept, but Jeremy declines because he does not wish to leave Michael. The girls leave, and the SQUIP lies to Jeremy and tells him that Michael has left the mall. It tells him that in order for its plan to improve his social standing to work, Jeremy needs to obey every order it gives him ("Be More Chill, Pt. 2"). The next day, Jeremy heads to school with renewed confidence, wondering if he might be less invisible than before. The SQUIP delves into the inner psyche of the student body around him, giving Jeremy insight on the fears and insecurities of his fellow peers. Jeremy's SQUIP syncs itself with Rich's, instantly making them friends. Jeremy heads confidently to the play rehearsal ("Sync Up"). Christine tells Jeremy about her feelings for a guy she knows, who Jeremy initially believes is himself, but who turns out to be Jake ("A Guy That I'd Kinda Be Into"). Afterward, the SQUIP informs Jeremy that Christine won't date him until his social standing drastically improves. Encouraging Jeremy to use an interested Brooke as a stepping stone to greater popularity, he hooks up with her, while Jake asks Christine to come to his house ("Upgrade"). Overwhelmed, Jeremy asks the SQUIP to shut itself off for a few minutes. Immediately, Jeremy sees Michael and is elated but Michael states that Jeremy has been ignoring him all day. The SQUIP explains that it was using "optic nerve blocking" to block Michael from Jeremy's vision and that in order to be more popular he has to "upgrade to Jeremy 2.0." Jeremy eventually decides he is tired of being a loser and turns on optic nerve blocking, leaving him alone with the SQUIP ("Loser Geek Whatever"). Act Two On Halloween, Jake hosts a large party that features alcohol and other shenanigans ("Halloween"). Christine arrives in a revealing princess costume, hoping to please Jake, but he brushes her aside to party. Jeremy arrives to meet Brooke, but Chloe, who is jealous of Brooke, tries to seduce Jeremy. Jeremy is uncomfortable and tries to get away, but the SQUIP forces him to remain in the situation as it escalates to Chloe making out with Jeremy ("Do You Wanna Hang?"). Chloe also has Jeremy drink alcohol, causing the SQUIP to malfunction, and then feigns having sex with him, angering Jake and breaking Brooke's heart. Fleeing from Jake and the girls, Jeremy runs into a bathroom, where he finds Michael, who has crashed the party. Michael tries to warn Jeremy of the dangers of the SQUIP, explaining that someone ended up in a mental hospital after they went crazy trying to get it out of their head. Jeremy accuses Michael of being jealous of his popularity and calls him a loser. Michael, devastated and angry, locks himself in the bathroom, where he has a panic attack and sensory overload as he mourns the loss of his best and only friend ("Michael in the Bathroom"). Jeremy talks to Christine without the SQUIP's help and he asks her out in a burst of confidence ("A Guy That I'd Kinda Be Into (Reprise)"). Christine, who has found herself in an existential crisis after breaking up with Jake, declines. Meanwhile, Rich goes around the party frantically asking people for Mountain Dew Red. Jeremy's SQUIP finally reactivates and reviews the events of the night, prompting Jeremy to leave the party immediately. Rich, alone and desperate, talks to his SQUIP and then sets the house on fire. The next morning, Jenna Rolan, the school gossip, informs everyone that Rich had burned down Jake's house at the end of the party, sending Rich to the hospital and causing Jake to break both of his legs jumping out of a window trying to escape. The news spreads throughout the school through text and tweeting ("The Smartphone Hour (Rich Set a Fire)"). At home, Jeremy is confronted by his father (still no pants), who brings up Jeremy's new personality and change in attitude. Jeremy reprimands his father for his behavior since the divorce, calling him a loser as well. Shaken by Jeremy's words, Mr. Heere realizes that something is very wrong and that he must take charge. He tracks down Michael and asks him to not give up on his friend. Michael agrees to help on the condition that he puts on some pants and becomes a better father too ("The Pants Song"). As the cast prepares for the play, Jeremy encounters Christine, who is shaken and upset about the fire. Jeremy is unhappy with the relationships he has damaged and angrily blames the SQUIP for his misfortune. The SQUIP instead blames it on "human error" and tells Jeremy he can improve the lives of the rest of the students, and eventually the whole world, by providing them all with SQUIPs. In Rich's locker, Jeremy finds a box full of SQUIPs, which Jeremy then pours into a beaker of Mountain Dew ("The Pitiful Children"). Backstage during the play, Christine confronts Jeremy over his use of the SQUIP, causing him to doubt the plan. However, the SQUIP has already begun to take over others in the play. The SQUIP reveals its intention to sync the entire student body, and then the whole world. Jeremy comes to a realization: green Mountain Dew activates the SQUIP, while red Mountain Dew deactivates it. Michael reappears from the audience with a bottle of Mountain Dew Red which he gives to Jeremy after making him apologize for his actions, but a SQUIPed Jake dumps most of it out. Jeremy and Michael fight off the controlled students until the SQUIP reveals that Christine has been SQUIPed, and under its influence, she professes her love for Jeremy. Jeremy, however, realizes this is not what he had wanted and makes Christine drink the last of the red Mountain Dew: this causes a chain reaction that destroys the rest of the SQUIPS ("The Play"). Jeremy wakes up in the hospital, sharing a room with Rich, who proudly informs Jeremy that he's bisexual and ready to finally be who he really is. Michael visits Jeremy and the two reconcile, and Mr. Heere (now wearing pants) visits Jeremy as well, informing him that he'll be a better dad. Surrounded by his friends and family, Jeremy realizes that there will always be outside influences, but he needs to learn to make up his own mind instead. He asks Christine out again (for bowling alley performance art), and this time she accepts and kisses him. The SQUIP reveals itself to still be alive, weakly taunting Jeremy from inside his head, but Jeremy ignores it, happily proclaiming that "of the voices in my head, the loudest one is mine" ("Voices in My Head"). Musical numbers Source: Act 1 "Jeremy's Theme" – Orchestra "More Than Survive" – Jeremy, Michael & Ensemble "I Love Play Rehearsal" – Christine “More Than Survive (Reprise)” – Jeremy "The SQUIP Song" – Rich & Ensemble "Two-Player Game" – Michael & Jeremy "The Squip Enters" – Jeremy, Christine, Jake, Ensemble "Be More Chill Pt. 1" – Squip, Jeremy & Mall People "Do You Wanna Ride?" – Brooke & Chloe "Be More Chill Pt. 2" – Squip, Jeremy & Mall People "Sync Up" — Jeremy, Squip, Jake, Rich, Chloe, Brooke, Jenna "More Than Survive (Reprise)" – Jeremy, Squip & Ensemble "A Guy That I'd Kinda Be Into" – Christine, Jeremy, Squip & Ensemble "The SQUIP Lurks" – Orchestra "Upgrade" – Brooke, Squip, Jeremy, Jake, Christine & Ensemble "Loser Geek Whatever" — Jeremy Act 2 "Halloween" – Brooke, Jake, Chloe, Rich, Jenna & Ensemble "Do You Wanna Hang?" – Chloe "Michael in the Bathroom" – Michael & Ensemble “A Guy That I’d Kinda Be Into (Reprise)” - Christine & Jeremy "The Smartphone Hour" – Jenna, Chloe, Brooke & Ensemble "The Pants Song" – Mr. Heere & Michael "The Pitiful Children" – Squip, Jeremy, Jenna & Ensemble "The Play" – Michael, Jake, Brooke, Chloe, Jeremy, Christine, Squip & Ensemble "Voices in My Head" – Mr. Heere, Michael, Rich, Jeremy, Jenna, Brooke, Chloe, Jake, Christine & Ensemble Notes Roles and original casts Original productions Source: Recording The world premiere cast recorded an original cast album on July 21, 2015, which was released on October 31, 2015. The album has since received over 350 million streams online. The cast recording was released on vinyl by Ghostlight Records in July 2018. A recording of the song, "Loser Geek Whatever" was released as a single on November 29, 2018. An Original Broadway Cast Album was recorded in March 2019, and released May 3, 2019. Awards and honors Original Off-Broadway production Original Broadway production Reception Despite a strong fan following online, the show has received mixed reviews from critics. Terry Teachout of the Wall Street Journal wrote, "Be More Chill is one of the strongest new musicals of the past decade, a charming, astutely crafted tale of neurotic post-millennial geeks in love whose appeal is in no way limited to those whom it portrays." Peter Travers of Rolling Stone Magazine wrote, "The audiences who made this show happen digitally are now making pilgrimages to the Lyceum Theater to see those songs done live by a talented young cast with enough juice to ignite every light on Broadway... By the time Jeremy belts out his final number, 'Voices in My Head,' you’ll be hearing those voices, too, in a wow of a musical that comes on like gangbusters." Reviewing the Off-Broadway production, Ben Brantley of The New York Times called the show "the theatrical equivalent of one of those high-pitched dog whistles that only those under 25 can hear," and said that the show would have little to offer for that outside of its tween fandom, as well as criticizing the poor lyricism. He updated his review after seeing the Broadway production and said that even though the show's production values have increased since the Off-Broadway production, it remains "a festival of klutziness" and "the worst of the lot, with a repetitive score, painfully forced rhymes, cartoonish acting and a general approach that mistakes decibel level (literally and metaphorically) for emotional intensity." On the other hand, A.D. Amorosi of Variety called the Off-Broadway production "a memorable thrill ride, a zealously caffeinated high school musical." Of the Broadway version, Amorosi wrote, "Traditional theatergoing audiences that tend to be older than the teens and twentysomethings that packed the Off-Broadway run will find delicious favor in Iconis’ contagious melodies and tricky lyrics...Be More Chill is Broadway’s wiliest and socially savviest night out for teens and parents alike." Film adaptation On October 20, 2018, four months before the show opened on Broadway, it was announced that Shawn Levy's 21 Laps Entertainment and Greg Berlanti's Berlanti Productions would partner to produce a film adaptation of the musical. References External links Be More Chill website Opening night in London coverage Category:2015 musicals Category:Musicals based on novels Category:Science fiction musicals Category:Off-Broadway musicals Category:Broadway musicals	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Abboushi Abboushi is a surname. People with this surname include: Tareq Abboushi (born 1978), Palestinian-American musician and composer Fahmi al-Abboushi (1895–1975), Palestinian politician and banker Category:Surnames	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bat & Ball railway station Bat & Ball railway station is located on Bat & Ball Road in Sevenoaks in Kent, England. It is measured from (although London-bound trains that call run to ). The station is managed by Southeastern, however, all train services that call are operated by Thameslink. History The station opened in 1862 with the name "Sevenoaks". It was for a while named "Sevenoaks Bat & Ball", but was renamed in 1950 to its current name. The name derives from the Bat & Ball Inn, a pub which no longer exists. A long lease of the Grade II listed station building was acquired by Sevenoaks Town Council in 2017 as part of a refurbishment project supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund. Works began March 2018 with an anticipated opening date of January 2019. Facilities Bat & Ball station lies just to the north of Sevenoaks on the route from London to via . There is a shelter containing a bench on the northbound platform, and in 2014 new benches and a public information speaker were installed on the southbound platform (towards Sevenoaks). The station has been unstaffed since the closure of the booking office on 30 November 1991, although its staffing levels had been sporadic prior to that date. Southeastern, the company that currently manages the station, has fitted an electronic screen displaying departure information. The station has a car park. Once free, in 2010 a fee of £3 per day to park was introduced. The charges resulted in the displacement of parking by rail commuters from the station car park into surrounding residential streets, particularly Chatham Hill Road. According to local press, this created several parking problems for local residents, whilst leaving the station's car park almost deserted. A PERTIS "permit to travel" machine was formerly located at the entrance to the southbound platform, later replaced by a card payment-only ticket machine in 2016. Prior to de-staffing in 1991, it had converted from the previous NCR21 card ticket system to APTIS on 12 April 1988. A rare misprint on some tickets issued just after conversion to APTIS rendered the station name as "BAT BALL". As part of the refurbishment project undertaken by Sevenoaks Town Council the station building will house a public cafe, public toilets, and community meeting rooms, due to open January 2019. Service The typical off-peak service frequency on weekdays and weekends is: 2 trains per hour (tph) to via ; 2 tph to . References Notes Sources Category:Buildings and structures in Sevenoaks Category:Railway stations in Kent Category:Former London, Chatham and Dover Railway stations Category:Railway stations opened in 1862 Category:Railway stations closed in 1917 Category:Railway stations opened in 1919 Category:Railway stations served by Southeastern Category:1862 establishments in England Category:Thameslink railway stations	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Life Is Beautiful (Fred Astaire song) "Life Is Beautiful" is a 1974 song with music written by Fred Astaire and lyrics by Tommy Wolf. Tony Bennett was so impressed with the tune, it became the title track of his album of the same name in 1975. Bennett also performed the song as Astaire looked on during a March 1975 episode of The Merv Griffin Show. The song became widely known as the closing theme for The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. In 1987, in memory of Astaire, who had died earlier that year, Carson closed out his 25th Anniversary special with a clip of Astaire singing the song from an appearance on the show in 1976. References Category:1974 songs Category:Fred Astaire songs	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
John Kerr, 7th Marquess of Lothian John William Robert Kerr, 7th Marquess of Lothian (1 February 1794 – 14 November 1841), styled Lord Newbottle until 1815 and Earl of Ancram from 1815 to 1824, was a Scottish Tory politician. He served briefly as Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard under Sir Robert Peel between September and November 1841. Background Kerr was the eldest son of William Kerr, 6th Marquess of Lothian, and his first wife Lady Harriet, daughter of John Hobart, 2nd Earl of Buckinghamshire. Styled Lord Newbottle from birth, he became known by the courtesy title Earl of Ancram when his father succeeded to the marquessate in 1815. Political career Lord Ancram entered the House of Commons in 1820 as one of two representatives for Huntingdon, a seat he held until he succeeded his father in the marquessate in 1824. In September 1841 he was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard in the Tory administration of Sir Robert Peel, a post he held until his early death in November of the same year. He also served as Lord-Lieutenant of Roxburghshire between 1824 and 1841. Family Lord Lothian married Lady Cecil Chetwynd-Talbot, daughter of Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 2nd Earl Talbot, in 1831. They had five sons and two daughters. Their two elder sons, William and Schomberg, both succeeded in the title. Their third son Lord Ralph Kerr became a major-general in the army and was the father of Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian, while their fourth son Lord Walter Kerr became an admiral in the Royal Navy and was the grandfather of Peter Kerr, 12th Marquess of Lothian, and great-grandfather of Michael Kerr, 13th Marquess of Lothian. Lord Lothian died in November 1841, aged 47. After his death, the Marchioness converted to Roman Catholicism with her two younger sons, Lord Ralph Kerr and Lord Walter Kerr, and her daughters. The Marchioness of Lothian died in May 1877, aged 69. References External links Category:1794 births Category:1841 deaths Category:Lord-Lieutenants of Roxburghshire Category:UK MPs 1820–1826 Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom Category:Marquesses of Lothian	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bobrov, Bobrovsky District, Voronezh Oblast Bobrov () is a town and the administrative center of Bobrovsky District in central Voronezh Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Bityug River, southeast of Voronezh, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 19,738 (2010 Census); It was previously known as Bobrovskaya Sloboda (until 1779). History It was established in 1698 as Bobrovskaya Sloboda () and was granted town status and given its present name in 1779. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Bobrov serves as the administrative center of Bobrovsky District. As an administrative division, it is, together with three rural localities in Bobrovsky District, incorporated within Bobrovsky District as Bobrov Urban Settlement. As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Bobrovsky Municipal District. Transportation Bobrov is also a railway station on the Povorino-Liski branch. Notable people Vladimir Patkin (1945), Olympic volleyball player Pawel Kassatkin (1915–1987), Russian writer References Notes Sources Category:Cities and towns in Voronezh Oblast Category:Voronezh Governorate Category:Populated places established in 1698 Category:1698 establishments in Russia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Big Ghost Big Ghost is an anonymous online personality, hip hop writer / blogger and music producer. He is best known for his witty writing style and satirical humor on his earlier hip hop album reviews and blog posts. History Big Ghost began as a parody of Wu Tang Clan's Ghostface Killah, which many believed to be Ghostface himself. He was interviewed by various online magazines including GQ, Genius, and Complex and later began writing for and collaborating with major blogs and websites such as Okayplayer and the Genius website. Controversy In early March 2011, rapper Wiz Khalifa publicly went on the air during an interview on the The Star & Bucwild Morning Show, and made remarks about rapper Ghostface Killah, saying that he was 'corny', for allegedly commenting on Wiz's latest single "Roll Up" on his blog, further stating, "Him saying corny stuff makes him a corny individual” The real Ghostface quickly responded stating it was not him, tweeting "tell the kid Wiz, its all love i respect him as a artist and got no issues wit him at all, Once again the website is fake, its not ya boy!", then later tweeting again, reaffirming that he had no affiliation with the blogger. On March 3, 2011, legal action was taken by Wu Tang Corporate to shut the blog site down due to infringement violations but was later made operational once again. Music production In late 2015 Big Ghost branched out into music production, releasing a free project with production being credited solely to Big Ghost Ltd. It has never been made publicly clear whether Big Ghost Ltd itself is a solo venture or a team of collaborating producers. The first release under the Big Ghost Ltd name, was a collaborative project with Buffalo rappers Westside Gunn and Conway, entitled Griselda Ghost, released on September 11, 2015. On October 5, 2018, Big Ghost Ltd. was given full production credit on Ghostface Killah's latest project called The Lost Tapes. Discography Albums / EP's Singles Remixes Instrumental Albums References External links Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Place of birth missing (living people) Category:Anonymous bloggers Category:Hip hop record producers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gnorimoschema generale Gnorimoschema generale is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 2003. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California. References Category:Gnorimoschema Category:Moths described in 2003	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Air Commerz Air Commerz was a German charter airline that operated for a short time between 1970 and 1972. History Air Commerz was set up in Hamburg in early 1970. The airline got the first of its two Vickers Viscount in March and commenced operations in June 1970. The airline's official home base was Düsseldorf Airport although most flights were flown out of Hamburg Airport. The flights were all charter flights. In March and May 1971 Air Commerz received two Boeing 707 from Pacific Western Airlines. The jets were introduced into service in June 1971 on a flight from Hamburg to Reims. Due to financial problems the airline ceased it operations in September 1972. Air Commerz was dissolved in January 1973. Fleet 2 Vickers 808 Viscount 2 Boeing 707-138B References External links Fleet Reference Category:Defunct airlines of Germany Category:Airlines established in 1970 Category:Airlines disestablished in 1972 Category:1970 establishments in West Germany Category:1972 disestablishments in West Germany	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Quadrants of Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., is administratively divided into four geographical quadrants of unequal size, each delineated by their ordinal directions from the medallion located in the Crypt under the Rotunda of the Capitol. Street and number addressing, centered on the Capitol, radiates out into each of the quadrants, producing a number of intersections of identically named cross-streets in each quadrant. Originally, the District of Columbia was a near-perfect square. However, even then the Capitol was never located at the geographic center of the territory (the geographic center was located near the present-day intersection of 17th Street, NW and Constitution Ave.). As a result, the quadrants are of greatly varying size. Northwest is quite large, encompassing over a third of the city's geographical area, while Southwest is little more than a neighborhood and military base. The boundaries of the quadrants are not straight lines radiating from the medallion, but follow the paths of the boundary streets (which in some cases curve around topographical features): North Capitol Street, South Capitol Street, and East Capitol Street. The axis of the National Mall through the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial forms the imaginary boundary running west of the medallion. Northwest "Northwest" (also written as NW or N.W.) is located north of the National Mall and west of North Capitol Street. It is the largest of the four quadrants of the city, both in area—it contains more than 42% of the entire city—and population—it has more than half the city's population—and it includes the central business district, Federal Triangle, The Smithsonian National Zoo, and the museums along the northern side of the National Mall, as well as such prestigious neighborhoods as Foggy Bottom, West End, Columbia Heights, Petworth, Dupont Circle, Logan Circle, LeDroit Park, Georgetown, Adams Morgan, Embassy Row, Glover Park, Tenleytown, Piney Branch, Emergy, Shepherd Park, Crestwood, Bloomingdale, and Friendship Heights. The large Rock Creek Park divides the northwest quadrant in two. Northeast "Northeast" (NE or N.E.) is located north of East Capitol Street and east of North Capitol Street. Northeast neighborhoods include Brentwood, Brookland, Ivy City, Marshall Heights, NoMa, Pleasant Hill, Stanton Park, Trinidad, Michigan Park, Riggs Park, Fort Totten, Fort Lincoln, Edgewood, and Woodridge, as well as much of Capitol Hill. Notable landmarks include the Supreme Court, Union Station, Catholic University of America, Trinity University, National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, Franciscan Monastery, Providence Hospital,Gallaudet University, the National Arboretum, Kenilworth Aquatic Gardens, and the Benning Road Power Plant. Southeast "Southeast" (SE or S.E.) is located south of East Capitol Street and east of South Capitol Street. It has a rich cultural history, including the historic Capitol Hill and Anacostia neighborhoods, the Navy Yard, the Marine Barracks, the Anacostia River waterfront, historic Eastern Market, the remains of several Civil War-era forts, historic St. Elizabeths Hospital, RFK Stadium, Nationals Park, and the Congressional Cemetery. The quadrant is divided by the Anacostia River, with the portion that is west of the river sometimes referred to as "Near Southeast" and the portion east of the river is known as "River East". Many people falsely call the entire eastern portion of the quadrant Anacostia, although the name refers only to a small area along Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. Southwest "Southwest" (SW or S.W.) is located south of the National Mall and west of South Capitol Street and is the smallest quadrant of the city. Although roughly half of the quadrant is located south of the Anacostia River in Anacostia, references to "Southwest" generally allude to the area near downtown, within about a mile of the Capitol, much of which was demolished and redeveloped in the 1960s with modern Federal office and apartment buildings. Fort McNair and the National War College are also there. The section south of the River, except for the Bellevue neighborhood, is almost entirely devoted to Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling, the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, and the Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant. See also District of Columbia retrocession References Category:Geography of Washington, D.C. Category:Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Villa Salviatino, Maiano The Villa Salviatino, Maiano, in the frazione of Maiano on the steep slope south of Fiesole, is a Tuscan villa overlooking Florence. A modest farmhouse in the 14th century, set among informally terraced slopes planted with vines and olives, the house in its vigna was purchased in 1427 by the Bardi family, bankers of Florence, who rebuilt it in such palatial fashion that when it was subsequently sold to Nicola Tegliacci in 1447, the new owner named it Palagio (palazzo) dei Tegliacci. In the 16th century it passed to Alamanno Salviati, who had it sumptuously frescoed and furnished; thus it gained its name as the Villa Il Salviatino, to distinguish it from the grander Villa Salviati "le Selve", near Lastra, to the west.<ref>Touring Club Italiano, Firenze e dintorni (Milan, 1964) p. 406f; Eclettismo a Firenze. L'attività di Corinto Corinti', (Florence, 1985); G. Carocci I dintorni di Firenze (Florence, 1906); Lensi Orlandi Cardini, Le ville di Firenze (Florence, 1954).</ref> The villa was celebrated by Francesco Redi, in his Bacco in Toscana (1685): "viva il nome Del buon Salviati, ed il suo bel Maiano. For a short period it was owned by the Italian tenor Giovanni Matteo Mario and his wife Giulia Grisi, the transaction was completed by financier N M Rothschild of London, then in 1871 the villa was purchased by Pietro Pagliano, who added a medievalizing crenellated tower, but a new, more sympathetic owner, the American Phelps Thomas, took ownership in 1882 and began a programme of free restoration and aggrandisement, to designs of the antiquarian architect Corinto Corinti (1843–1930). A large central staircase was added and grand cinquecento portals. He reduced the tower, designed a new vaulted porte-cochere for carriages, overhung by a garden, which still exist, and remodelled the park by adding an Italian terraced garden and conservatories, with a pergola that Penelope Hobhouse found to resemble the wooden frames shown in woodcuts for Francesco Colonna's Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. Augusto Bruschi was entrusted with decorative painting, covering walls with medieval and neo-cinquecento patterns. After a sale of its contents in 1891 the villa passed into the hands of the Carrega di Lucedio family and then, in 1911, to the art critic, journalist and founder of the art magazine Il Dedalo, Ugo Ojetti and his wife Fernanda, who undertook further structural remodeling, removing many of the 19th century accretions, and installing an extensive library and many paintings and sculptures. From 1973 to 1987 the Villa Il Salviatino housed Stanford University's overseas program Stanford in Italy with classrooms, offices, library, dining facilities, and students' rooms. In the summer, including 1980, University of Michigan and Sara Lawrence College held their summer school program there. In the first decade of the 21st century the villa was restored and refurbished as a boutique hotel. Notes Category:Buildings and structures in the Metropolitan City of Florence Category:Historic houses Category:Gardens in Tuscany Category:Fiesole Category:Houses completed in the 16th century Category:Italian Renaissance gardens Category:Renaissance architecture in Florence Category:Villas in Florence	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Chorzyna Chorzyna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osjaków, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately east of Osjaków, north-east of Wieluń, and south-west of the regional capital Łódź. References Chorzyna	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Brembio Brembio (Lodigiano: ) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about southeast of Milan and about southeast of Lodi. Brembio borders the following municipalities: Mairago, Ossago Lodigiano, Secugnago, Borghetto Lodigiano, Casalpusterlengo, Livraga, Ospedaletto Lodigiano. Economy There are some industries that work in the mechanic and alimentary sectors. There are also numerous agricultural activities, often at a familiar level. Twin towns Brembio is twinned with: Saint-Christo-en-Jarez, France, since 2004 References External links Official website Category:Cities and towns in Lombardy	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Henk Bosveld Hendrikus ("Henk") Johannes Bosveld (July 10, 1941 – August 6, 1998) was a Dutch football midfielder, who was nicknamed Charly after Charles Chaplin due to a similar style of walking. Club career Born in Velp, he started playing football at local side VVO and was named best player of Vitesse in the twentieth century. He also played for Sportclub Enschede and Sparta and retired from professional football on June 12, 1979. International career Bosveld made his debut for the Netherlands in an October 1962 friendly match against Belgium. He won his second and final cap in an April 1964 friendly against Austria. Death and legacy He died in 1998 in Arnhem from a myocardial infarction, aged 57. The East Stand at Vitesse's GelreDome was named in his honour in 2016. References External links Profile - Vitesse 60 Jaar Betaald Voetbal profile - NOS Category:1941 births Category:1998 deaths Category:People from Rheden Category:Association football midfielders Category:Dutch footballers Category:Sportclub Enschede players Category:Sparta Rotterdam players Category:SBV Vitesse players Category:Dutch football managers Category:SBV Vitesse managers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
CAG bird CAG bird is a specially painted aircraft, officially flown by the commanding officer of United States Navy Carrier Air Groups. Every carrier-based aircraft squadron of the United States Navy has such an aircraft that wears modex usually ending with the '00' numbers. Due to their striking, colorful paint schemes, enthusiasts such as modelers and aircraft photographers show great interest in these aircraft. Similar terms for "CAG Birds" include: Show Bird Easter Egg Boss Machine Head Nuts Double Nuts Triple Nuts (F/A-18B used by VMFA-321 during mid to late 1990s). Category:Carrier Air Wings Category:United States naval aviation	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Pavel Rybnikov Pavel Nikolayevich Rybnikov (Павел Николаевич Рыбников, 6 December 1831, Moscow, Russian Empire, – 29 November 1885, Kalisz, Poland, then part of the Russian Empire) was a Russian ethnographer, folklorist and literary historian, credited with the discovery of the previously unknown culture of bylina and epos poetry of the Olonets and Arkhangelsk regions of North-European Russia. He spent the second half of his like in Kalisz, where he was the vice-governor of the Kalisz Guberniya, and where he contributed to the development of local science and culture. Biography Pavel Nikolayevich Rybnikov was born in Moscow to a family of staroobryadtsy merchants. After graduating the 3rd Moscow Gymnasium with a silver medal in 1850, he enrolled into the Moscow University's History and Philology faculty. It was at that time that he got close to the Moscow Slavophiles' circle, notably Aleksey Khomyakov and Konstantin Aksakov. In 1859, arrested in Chernigov for contacts with the local Old Believers community (where he went to study the local history and literature, on Khomyakov's recommendation), Rybnikov was pronounced "a revolutionary" (the fact scathingly commented upon by Alexander Hertzen in Kolokol) and deported to Petrozavodsk. There he started the extensive study of the Northern Russia's folklore, culture and history. The Songs Collected by P.N.Rybnikov, published in 4 volumes in 1861—1867 made him a well-known author both in Russia and abroad. Two major awards - the Russian Geographical Society's Gold medal and the Demidov Prize, both in 1864, - prompted the Russian authorities to 'pardon' Rybnikov. Relieved of the status of an 'exile' and granted the permission to move to either of Russia's major cities, what he did instead was marry a Polish lady and settle in the city of Kalisz to spend there the rest of his life. After the recreation of the Kalisz Guberniya in 1857 he was appointed to the position of vice-governor of the Guberniya. He supported the creation of the regional newspaper, Kaliszanin, and was its censor for sixteen years. Despite being a Russian official administering a territory in a Russian partition, he is remembered in Poland as especially friendly towards the Polish people and Polish culture. References Further reading Gubernator i wicegubernator w Królestwie Polskim po 1867 roku, [in:] A. Górak, J. Kozłowski, K. Latawiec, Słownik biograficzny gubernatorów i wicegubernatorów w Królestwie Polskim (1867–1918), Lublin 2014, p. 314-317 Category:1831 births Category:1885 deaths Category:Russian ethnographers Category:Russian folklorists Category:People from Moscow	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Victoria Fletcher Victoria Fletcher (born 1993) is an Australian team handball player. She plays on the Australian national team, and participated at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil. References Category:1993 births Category:Living people Category:Australian female handball players Category:Handball players at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Petrópolis Environmental Protection Area Petrópolis Environmental Protection Area () is a protected area of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Location The protected area in the Atlantic Forest biome, which covers , was created on 20 May 1992. It is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. It includes the Serra dos Órgãos National Park. It contains all or part of the municipalities of Petrópolis, Magé, Guapimirim and Duque de Caxias in Rio de Janeiro state. Environment Rainfall averages annually. Temperatures range from , with an average of . Altitude ranges from . The area lies in the orogenic belt of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in the Mantiqueira geological province of the Brazilian platform. Streams and rivers typically have rocky beds and slope steeply, running rapidly after rainfall. The rivers originating in the protection area flow south into Guanabara Bay or north to the Paraíba do Sul. The vegetation is classified as Tropical Rain Forest or Atlantic Forest, but varies greatly due to differences in altitude and the orientation of the slopes. Most of the species are evergreen, since dry periods are short or non-existent in the region. Conservation The environment protection area is classed as IUCN protected area category V, protected landscape/seascape. The purpose is to ensure the preservation of the Atlantic Forest ecosystem and the sustainable use of natural resources while conserving the cultural landscape and improving the quality of human life in the region. The conservation unit is in the Central Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest Mosaic, created in 2006. Problems include the expansion of urban areas, which has led to poorly planned clearance of slopes causing the risk of landslides, deforestation, and inappropriate agricultural practices including cattle grazing and pasture burning that contribute to soil degradation. Notes Sources Category:Environmental protection areas of Brazil Category:Protected areas of Rio de Janeiro (state)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Camp Banks Camp Banks is a former Massachusetts State Militia camp that existed in 1858 in Salem, Massachusetts on Winter Island. References Category:Military facilities in Massachusetts Category:Salem, Massachusetts Category:Closed military facilities of the United States in the United States Category:Formerly Used Defense Sites in Massachusetts	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2017 Qatar Total Open – Singles Carla Suárez Navarro was the defending champion, but withdrew before the tournament due to a right shoulder injury. Karolína Plíšková won the title, defeating Caroline Wozniacki in the final, 6–3 6–4. Seeds The top four seeds received a bye into the second round. Draw Finals Top Half Bottom Half Qualifying Seeds Qualifiers Draw First Qualifier Second Qualifier Third Qualifier Fourth Qualifier References Main Draw Qualifying Draw Qatar Total Open - Singles Category:Qatar Ladies Open Category:2017 in Qatari sport	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Warsaw Uprising Museum The Warsaw Uprising Museum (named Warsaw Rising Museum, ), in the Wola district of Warsaw, Poland, is dedicated to the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. The institution of the museum was established in 1983, but no construction work took place for many years. It opened on July 31, 2004, marking the 60th anniversary of the uprising. The museum sponsors research into the history of the uprising, and the history and possessions of the Polish Underground State. It collects and maintains hundreds of artifacts — ranging from weapons used by the insurgents to love letters — to present a full picture of the people involved. The museum's stated goals include the creation of an archive of historical information on the uprising and the recording of the stories and memories of living participants. Its director is Jan Ołdakowski, with historian Dariusz Gawin from the Polish Academy of Sciences as his deputy. The museum is a member organisation of the Platform of European Memory and Conscience. Exhibitions The museum covers all aspects of the Warsaw Uprising. There are exhibits over several floors, containing photographs, audio and video, interactive displays, artifacts, written accounts, and other testimonies of how life was during the German occupation of Warsaw, the uprising, and its aftermath. There are displays dedicated to each district of Warsaw. There are many free informative leaflets and flyers (in Polish and English), including 63 calendar pages covering the dates from 1 August 1944 to 2 October 1944— each containing a summary of the most important events that took place on that particular day of the uprising. Some of the many sections and exhibits include: The "little insurgent" room: dedicated to the youngest insurgents and children's experience of the uprising. The room includes a replica of the "little insurgent" monument and a colourised photograph of Róża Maria Goździewska, a girl who was known as "the little nurse". Kino palladium: a small cinema showing a continuous stream of original footage taken by insurgent filmographers in 1944, which was used to produce newsreels that were shown in Warsaw's Palladium cinema during the uprising. Sewer replicas: one on the mezzanine floor and another in the basement — a chance to experience the practice of using the sewers to move through German-held territory (without the sewage). Insurgent hospital: help for the wounded during the uprising. Hangar: a hall containing a full-size B-24 Liberator. Large cinema: on the ground floor, it presents a film reconstructed of newsreels. It concludes with Chopin's Prelude in D Minor, Op. 28 no. 24. Observation tower: panoramic views of Warsaw from the top of the building. Print shop: a room containing original typewriters and printing equipment used for producing underground newspapers during the German occupation. City of Ruins: a short 3D movie of the ruins of Warsaw taken from the air in 1945. Nazi section: the horrors of the German occupation and the atrocities committed by the Germans and their collaborators during the uprising. Communist section: the Soviet takeover of Poland, Stalin's puppet government, lack of help for the uprising, and the fate of the Polish resistance in post-war communist Poland. Other highlights A 1940s style cafe Freedom park: over 30 posters featuring colourised photographs taken during the uprising Freedom park: a replica of the Kubuś armoured car, manufactured by the insurgents of the Powiśle district of Warsaw during the uprising Freedom park: remnants of a statue of Józef Poniatowski that was blown up by the Germans after the uprising Freedom park: street art inspired by the Warsaw Uprising A memorial wall with thousands of names of the fallen and the "Monter bell" A wall, known as the heart of the museum, with sounds of battle and heartbeats emanating from it Souvenir shops (one inside the museum and one in the ticket office). The Warsaw Fotoplastikon, a 1905 stereoscopic theatre used by the Polish underground, now preserved and operated by the Warsaw Uprising Museum as an off-site branch at 51 Jerusalem Avenue. Gallery See also Home Army Operation Tempest Warsaw Uprising Monument Cultural representations of the Warsaw Uprising Museum of the Second World War References External links Warsaw Rising Museum (official website) Warsaw Rising Museum at Google Cultural Institute Category:Museums in Warsaw Category:Warsaw Uprising Category:Platform of European Memory and Conscience Category:Wola Category:World War II museums in Poland Category:Registered museums in Poland Category:Museums established in 2004 Category:1983 establishments in Poland Category:Recipients of the Silver Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis Category:Recipients of the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Rumen Stoyanov Rumen Stoyanov (; born 13 December 1976) is a Bulgarian football player, currently playing for Tundzha Yambol as a defender. References Category:Living people Category:1976 births Category:Bulgarian footballers Category:Association football defenders Category:PFC Svetkavitsa players Category:First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Dewan Rakyat The Dewan Rakyat (Malay for House of Representatives, literally People's Assembly) is the lower house of the Parliament of Malaysia, consisting of members elected during elections from federal constituencies drawn by the Election Commission. The Dewan Rakyat usually proposes legislation through a draft known as a 'bill'. All bills must usually be passed by both the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) and the Dewan Negara, before they are sent to the King for royal assent. However, if the Dewan Negara rejects a bill, it can only delay the bill's passage by a maximum of a year before it is sent to the King. Like the Dewan Negara, the Dewan Rakyat meets at the Malaysian Houses of Parliament in Kuala Lumpur. Membership Members are referred to as "Members of Parliament (MPs)" or "Ahli Dewan Rakyat" (literally "member of the Dewan Rakyat") in Malay. The term of office is as long as the member wins in the elections. A member of the Dewan Rakyat must be at least 18 years of age and must not be a member of the Dewan Negara. The presiding officer of the Dewan Rakyat is the Speaker, who is elected at the beginning of each Parliament or after the vacation of the post, by the MPs. Two Deputy Speakers are also elected, and one of them sits in place of the Speaker when he is absent. The Dewan Rakyat machinery is supervised by the Clerk to the House who is appointed by the King; he may only be removed from office through the manner prescribed for judges or by mandatory retirement at age 60. As of the 2018 general election, Dewan Rakyat has 222 elected members. Members are elected from federal constituencies drawn by the Election Commission. Constituency boundaries are redrawn every ten years based on the latest census. Each Dewan Rakyat lasts for a maximum of five years, after which a general election must be called. In the general election, voters select a candidate to represent their constituency in the Dewan Rakyat. The plurality voting system is used; the candidate who gains the most votes wins the seat. Before a general election can be called, the King must first dissolve Parliament on the advice of the Prime Minister. According to the Constitution, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong has the right at his own discretion to either grant or withhold consent to dissolve the parliament. Powers and procedure As the ultimate legislative body in Malaysia, Parliament is responsible for passing, amending and repealing acts of law. Parliament's members are permitted to speak on any subject without fear of censure outside Parliament; the only body that can censure an MP is the House Committee of Privileges. Such "Parliamentary immunity" takes effect from the moment a member of Parliament is sworn in, and only applies to when that member has the floor; it does not apply to statements made outside the House. An exception is made by the Sedition Act passed by Parliament in the wake of the 13 May racial riots in 1969. Under the Act, all public discussion of repealing certain Articles of the Constitution dealing with Bumiputra privileges such as Article 153 is illegal. This prohibition is extended to all members of both houses of Parliament. Members of Parliament are also forbidden from criticising the King and judges. The executive government, comprising the Prime Minister and his Cabinet, is usually drawn from members of Parliament; most of its members are typically members of the Dewan Rakyat. After a general election or the resignation or death of a Prime Minister, the King selects the Prime Minister, who is the Head of Government but constitutionally subordinate to him, from the Dewan Rakyat. In practice, this is usually the leader of the largest party in Parliament. The Prime Minister then submits a list containing the names of members of his Cabinet, who will then be appointed as Ministers by the King. Members of the Cabinet must also be members of Parliament. If the Prime Minister loses the confidence of the Dewan Rakyat, whether by losing a no-confidence vote or failing to pass a budget, he must either advice the King to dissolve Parliament and hold a general election or submit his resignation to the King. The King has the discretion to grant or withheld consent to the dissolution. If consent is withheld, the government must resign and the King would appoint a new Prime Minister that has the support of the majority of members of Parliament. The Cabinet formulates government policy and drafts bills, meeting in private. Its members must accept "collective responsibility" for the decisions the Cabinet makes, even if some members disagree with it; if they do not wish to be held responsible for Cabinet decisions, they must resign. Although the Constitution makes no provision for it, there is also a Deputy Prime Minister, who is the de facto successor of the Prime Minister should he die or be otherwise incapacitated. A proposed act of law begins its life when a particular government minister or ministry prepares a first draft with the assistance of the Attorney-General's Department. The draft, known as a bill, is then discussed by the Cabinet. If it is agreed to submit it to Parliament, the bill is distributed to all MPs. It then goes through three readings before the Dewan Rakyat. The first reading is where the minister or his deputy submits it to Parliament. At the second reading, the bill is discussed and debated by MPs. At the third reading, the minister or his deputy formally submit it to a vote for approval. A simple majority is usually required to pass the bill, but in certain cases, such as amendments to the constitution, a two-thirds majority is required. Should the bill pass, it is sent to the Dewan Negara, where the three readings are carried out again. The Dewan Negara may choose not to pass the bill, but this only delays its passage by a month, or in some cases, a year; once this period expires, the bill is considered to have been passed by the house. If the bill passes, it is presented to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong who has 30 days to consider the bill. Should he disagree with it, he returns it to Parliament with a list of suggested amendments. Parliament must then reconsider the bill and its proposed amendments and return it to the King within 30 days if they pass it again. The King then has another 30 days to give the royal assent; otherwise, it passes into law. The law does not take effect until it is published in the Government Gazette. The government attempts to maintain top secrecy regarding bills debated; MPs generally receive copies of bills only a few days before they are debated, and newspapers are rarely provided with copies of the bills before they are debated. In some cases, such as a 1968 amendment to the Constitution, an MP may be presented with a bill to be debated on the same day it is tabled, and all three readings may be carried out that day itself. In rare circumstances, the government may release a White paper containing particular proposals that will eventually be incorporated into a bill; this has been done for legislation such as the Universities and University Colleges Act. Although the process above assumes only the government can propose bills, there also exists a process for Private Member's Bills. However, as in most other legislatures following the Westminster System, few members of Parliament actually introduce bills. To present a Private Member's Bill, the member in question must seek the leave of the House in question to debate the bill before it is moved. Originally, it was allowed to debate the bill in the process of seeking leave, but this process was discontinued by an amendment to the Standing Orders of Parliament. It is also possible for members of the Dewan Negara to initiate bills; however, only cabinet ministers are permitted to move finance-related bills, which must be tabled in the Dewan Rakyat. It is often alleged that legislation proposed by the opposition parties, which must naturally be in the form of a Private Member's Bill, is not seriously considered by Parliament. Some have gone as far as to claim that the rights of members of Parliament to debate proposed bills have been severely curtailed by incidents such as an amendment of the Standing Orders that permitted the Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat to amend written copies of MPs' speeches before they were made. Nevertheless, it is admitted by some of these critics that "Government officials often face sharp questioning in Parliament, although this is not always reported in detail in the press." Current composition Latest election result Members per state and federal territory Notes and references Category:Parliament of Malaysia Malaysia Category:1959 establishments in Malaya Category:Organisations based in Kuala Lumpur	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Title 3 of the Code of Federal Regulations CFR Title 3 - The President is one of fifty titles comprising the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), containing the principal set of rules and regulations issued by federal agencies regarding the Executive Office of the President of the United States. It is available in digital and printed form, and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR). Structure The table of contents, as reflected in the e-CFR updated February 20, 2014, is as follows: History The CFR was authorized by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on October 11, 1938, as a means to organize and maintain the growing material published by federal agencies in the newly mandated Federal Register. The first volume of the CFR was published in 1939 with general applicability and legal effect in force June 1, 1938. The Office of the Federal Register (OFR) began publishing yearly revisions for some titles in 1963 with legal effective dates of January 1 each year. By 1967 all 50 titles were updated annually and effective January 1. The CFR was placed online in 1996. The OFR began updating the entire CFR online on a daily basis in 2001. References Title 03 Category:Executive Office of the President of the United States	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Greater Brunswick Charter School Greater Brunswick Charter School (GBCS) is a free, public charter school serving grades kindergarten through eighth located on 429 Joyce Kilmer Avenue in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The school has a Spanish-English bilingual program for grades K-4, and has plans to extend it through grade five. History The school opened in the 1998-99 school year. In 2004, it purchased its current building, formerly a bowling alley, with the help of a $500,000 government grant and a $2.5 million loan from New Jersey Community Capital and the Community Redevelopment Fund. Over the summer of 2010, the charter school expanded, creating over a dozen classrooms and a larger gymnasium out of warehouse space in the building. The funding for this was secured by the nonprofit organization Build With Purpose (then known as READS). For a year prior to this expansion, the school's middle school and one fifth grade classroom had been housed across the street from the school building. The following year, a playground was added, with assistance from KaBOOM!. Student body As of the 2017–18 school year, the school had an enrollment of 395 students and 33.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.0:1. 70.4% were Hispanic, 19.4% were black, 8.1% were white, and 1.8% were Asian. 63.4% of the students were eligible for a free or reduced-price lunch. 55.2% of students primarily spoke Spanish and 44.8% primarily spoke English at home. The school has a student:teacher ratio of 15:1. GBCS will accept students from any district in New Jersey, although it gives preference to those from Edison, New Brunswick, and Highland Park. Administration Core members of the school administration include Vanessa Jones, the education director; and Hector Alvarez, the assistant education director. Performance Programs Theatre The school formed a theatre program in 2014: 2014: 10 Ways to Survive the Zombie Apocalypse by Don Zolidis 2015: Seussical Jr. 2016: GBCS the Musical Choir A choir program was added for students 4th grade and up in the 2010-11 school season; however, they never performed. The following year it was switched to 3rd grade and up, and though they performed numerous times in the 2011-12 season, they never performed in the 2012-13 season. The program was reworked for 2013-14's school year, making an elementary school choir and a middle school choir, each of which performed at various school events, concluding with an end of the year concert. This was changed in the 2014-15 year to just a single school appearance and a competition at Six Flags. References Category:Buildings and structures in New Brunswick, New Jersey Category:Charter schools in New Jersey Category:Educational institutions established in 1998 Category:1998 establishments in New Jersey	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Cattleya warneri Cattleya warneri (the "Warner's Cattley's orchid") is a labiate Cattleya species of orchid. The diploid chromosome number of C. warneri has been determined as 2n = 40. References and external links warneri warneri	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sanhe Hui Ethnic Township Sanhe () is a Hui ethnic township of Ergun City in northeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, located about north-northwest of downtown Ergun. , it has 3 residential communities () under its administration, and , 11,497 resided here. It is the home of the Sanhe cattle and Sanhe horse. See also List of township-level divisions of Inner Mongolia References Category:Township-level divisions of Inner Mongolia Category:Ergun City	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Betty Lou Betty Lou is a feminine double name. Notable people with the name include: Betty Lou Bailey (1929–2007), American mechanical engineer Betty Lou Beets (1937–2000), murderer executed in Texas Betty Lou Bredemus (1934–2015), American actress and acting coach BettyLou DeCroce (born 1952), American politician from New Jersey Betty Lou Gerson (1914–1999), American actress Betty Lou Holland (born 1926), American actress Betty Lou Keim (1938–2010), American actress Betty Lou Mitchell (born 1937), American politician from Maine Betty Lou Varnum (born 1931), American television personality Betty Lou Young (1919–2010), American writer and conservationist See also Tommy Riggs and Betty Lou, radio situation comedy Category:Compound given names	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
John J. Furedy John J. Furedy (June 30, 1940 – August 23, 2016) was a Hungarian-born Australian and Canadian psychophysiologist and distinguished research professor of psychology at the University of Toronto, noted for his extensive empirical research into the unreliability of the polygraph test in lie detection and similar problems associated with biofeedback, as well as addressing contemporary issues concerning academic freedom. Biography Furedy was born into a Hungarian Jewish family, the son of Bela and Dusi Furedy. Having emigrated with his parents from a totalitarian society, and influenced by the intellectual zeitgeist at the University of Sydney in the late 1950s and the promotion of free speech by the then Challis Professor of Philosophy John Anderson (philosopher), Furedy, who regarded himself as an Andersonian realist, also cherished and was keen to articulate the principle of academic freedom. His personal interests included bridge, tennis, body surfing and cross country skiing. His obituary in the National Post read in part... "He cycled to work summer and winter, wearing an Hawaiian shirt, parking his cycle in his office, crowding the colleagues who joined him for a lunchtime bridge game'. In 2005, Furedy retired and returned to Australia with his wife, Christine. He died on August 24, 2016 at his home in Sydney aged 76 years. Academic career After emigrating with his parents to Australia, Furedy attended the academically selective North Sydney Boys High School and subsequently became an "Old Falconian" (see List of Old Falconians). Several years later, Furedy graduated from the prestigious University of Sydney with a Ph.D. in psychology (his academic advisor was Dick Champion) and prior to that he had graduated with an M.A. in psychology (with first-class honours), and a separate B.A. (Hons) degree in philosophy and psychology (with first class honours in both disciplines and the rare distinction of winning the University Medal in psychology). In 1967, he joined the academic faculty at the University of Toronto as an Assistant Professor of Psychology immediately following two years as a visiting faculty member at the Indiana University. Furedy was promoted to Associate Professor at the University of Toronto in 1969, and subsequently to Full Professor in 1975 (until his retirement in 2005 and his appointment as Emeritus Professor). Research interests Funded repeatedly by the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Furedy ran a state-of-the-art psychophysiology laboratory, advising and collaborating with undergraduates, graduates and post-doctoral students until 1995. From then on, he undertook an extensive "merit vs. equity" research program supported by the Donner Canadian Foundation. According to the National Post, "Colleagues and students found him an incisive and critical thinker, determined and principled, able to disagree with opinions without personal animosity, having a sharp wit and a generous spirit". Furedy's research interests (expressed in over 400 mostly peer-reviewed publications) spanned across various areas in psychophysiology (such as lie detection and biofeedback), philosophy of science applied to psychology as a scientific discipline, and the over-reliance on the information-processing, computer metaphor in cognitive psychology, as well as human sex differences in cognitive functions and processes. Influenced by the realist Scottish-Australian philosopher John Anderson, Furedy (who regarded himself as an Andersonian realist) also had a strong passion in advocating the Socratic approach to higher education. Highly published in the experimental psychology peer-reviewed literature, he not only wrote conceptual pieces, but, also undertook empirical research into how universities balance the conflicting demands of "merit" and "equity" (or affirmative action") in their hiring policies, as reflected in the phraseology of their tenure-stream advertisements, including cultural aspects. Over the years, Furedy was actively engaged in several research organizations, including the Anti-polygraph organization, the Centre for Study of Civic Renewal, and the Pavlovian Society. More recently, Furedy has collaborated on research into "brain fingerprinting". Honors and awards During his academic career, aside from receiving numerous scholarships, Furedy was recipient of many Honors and Awards, including: Gantt Medal of the Pavlovian Society for distinguished scholarly contributions and long-standing service, 2000. Elected Charter Fellow of the American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology, 1992. Soros Foundation Travelling Fellow (International Conference of Educational Philosophers, Pecs, Hungary), August, 1988. Award for Research Excellence, Pavlovian Society of North America, 1982. Elected Fellow of the Teaching of Psychology Division of the American Psychological Association, 1982. Elected Fellow of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 1982. Elected Fellow of the Physiological and Comparative Division of the American Psychological Association, 1978. Elected Fellow of the American Psychological Association (Division of Experimental Psychology), 1976. Elected Fellow of the International College of Psychosomatic Medicine, 1975. Elected Fellow of the Canadian Psychological Association, 1974. Inaccuracy of polygraph for lie detection Furedy served on the Curriculum and Research Guidance Committee of the then US Department of Defense Polygraph Institute, advising against pseudoscientific polygraph screening for lie-detection in the 1990s because of evidence-based concerns about its inaccuracy and unreliability. Furedy was outspoken in exposing use of the polygraph for lie detection as fraudulent and abusive. Furedy concurred with other eminent psychophysiologists that polygraph "testing" (despite being shamelessly and irresponsibly promoted in the mass media) has no actual scientific basis, being almost entirely dependent on an individual's ignorance and propensity to experience fear. The Lie Behind The Lie Detector aimed to "call public attention to the dangers of polygraphy and to protect the innocent from polygraph abuse. Because of...reliance on this pseudoscientific procedure, thousands of truthful persons have been falsely accused of deception and suffered serious adverse consequences. On the other hand, deceptive persons can easily defeat polygraph "tests" through countermeasures, as did convicted spy Aldrich H. Ames."Society for Academic Freedom and Scholarship Furedy was also a founding member and onetime President of the Society for Academic Freedom and Scholarship. Publications Selected Papers Farwell, L.A., Richardson, D.C., Richardson, G.M., & Furedy, J.J. (2014). Brain fingerprinting classification concealed information test detects US Navy military medical information with P300. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 8, 1-21. Ben-Shakhar, G., & Furedy, J.J. (2012). Theories and applications in the detection of deception: A psychophysiological and international perspective. Springer Science & Business Media. Furedy, J.J., & Furedy, C. (2012). From the Socratic to the Sophistic. Quadrant, LVI(11), 45-49. Boyle, G.J., Furedy, J.J., Neumann, D.L. et al. (2010). Balance between merit and equity in academic hiring decisions: Judgemental content analysis applied to the phraseology of Australian tenure-stream advertisements in comparison with Canadian advertisements. Australian Universities Review, 52, 49-55. Rosenfeld, J.P., Biroschak, J.R., & Furedy, J.J. (2006), P300-based detection of concealed autobiographical versus incidentally acquired information in target and non-target paradigms. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 60, 251-259. Furedy, J.J. (2004). Aping Newtonian physics but ignoring brute facts will not transform Skinnerian psychology into genuine science or useful technology. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 27, 693-694. Furedy, J.J. (2002). Reflections on the Düring and Brand cases: political correctness and the current abandonment of academic autonomy in the culture of comfort. Journal of Economic Studies, Vol. 29, 4/5, 332-344. Furedy, J.J., & Pogun, S. (2001). An investigative biobehavioral approach to sex differences in cognitive functioning. Sexuality & Culture, 5, 13-21. Furedy, J.J. (2000) A Pavlovian in spirit: Richard Annels Champion (1925-1999). Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 35, 5-16. Kanit, L., Taskiran, D., Yilmaz, O.A., Balkan, B., Demirgoren, S., Furedy, J.J. & Pogun, S. (2000). Sexually dimorphic cognitive style in rats emerges after puberty. Brain Research Bulletin, 52, 243-248. Furedy, J.J. (1999). On the limited role of the "single-subject" design in psychology: Hypothesis generating but not testing. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 30, 21-22. Furedy, J.J. (1998). On the predictive value of TWA for cardiovascular disease. Biological Psychology, 48, 301-303. Kanit, I., Tabkyran, D., Furedy, J.J. et al. (1998). Nicotine interacts with sex in affecting rat choice between "look-out" and "navigational" cognitive styles in the Morris water maze place learning task. Brain Research Bulletin, 45, 441-445. Furedy, J.J. (1997). Velvet totalitarianism on Canadian campuses: Subverting effects on the teaching of, and research in, the discipline of psychology. Canadian Psychology, 38, 204-211. Furedy, J.J. (1996). The North American polygraph and psychophysiology: Disinterested, uninterested, and interested perspectives. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 21, 97-105. Algan, O., Furedy, J.J., Demirgoren, S., Vincent, A., & Pogun, S. (1997). Effects of tobacco smoking and gender on interhemispheric cognitive function: Performance and confidence measures. Behavioural Pharmacology, 8, 416-428. Furedy, J.J., & Kristjansson, M. (1996). Human Pavlovian autonomic conditioning and its relation to awareness of the CS/US contingency: Focus on the phenomenon and some forgotten facts. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 555-56. Malmo, R.B., & Furedy, J.J. (1993). Settling the stimulus- substitution issue is propedeutic to sound ateologocial neural analysis of heart-rate deceleration conditioning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16, 392-393. Muter, P.M., Furedy, J.J., Vincent, A., & Pelcowitz, T. (1992). User-hostile systems and patterns of psychophysiological activity. Computers in Human Behavior, 9, 105-111. Furedy, J.J. (1991). Realist versus instrumentalist approaches to clarifying the conditions for orienting response habituation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 12, 106-109. Furedy, J.J. (1989). The North American CQT Polygraph and the legal profession: A case of Canadian credulity and a cause for cultural concern. Criminal Law Quarterly, 31, 431-51. Furedy, J.J., Davis, C., & Gurevich, M. (1988). Differentiation of deception as a psychological process: A psychophysiological approach. Psychophysiology, 25, 683-688. Furedy, J.J. (1987). Beyond heart-rate in the cardiac psychophysiological assessment of mental effort: The T-wave amplitude component of the electrocardiogram. Human Factors, 29, 183-94. Furedy, J.J., & Shulhan, D. (1987). Specific versus placebo effects in biofeedback: Some brief back-to-basics considerations. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 12, 211-15. Furedy, J.J. (1987). Why peer-reviewed research funding may negate the critical benefits of open journal review: It's not the show but the dough. American Psychologist, 42, 267. Furedy, J.J., & Biederman, G.B. (1986). Rationalist versus empirical approaches to observing and conditioned reinforcement: The (so-called) preference-for-signaled-shock phenomenon. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 9, 367-368. Furedy, J.J. (1985). Specific vs. placebo effects in biofeedback: Science-based vs. snake-oil behavioral medicine. Clinical Biofeedback and Health: An International Journal, 8, 110-118. Furedy, J.J., & Furedy, C.P. (1979). Daniel Berlyne and psychonomy: The beat of a different drum. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 12, 203-205. Furedy, J.J. & Wenderoth, P. (1979). The Australian Ph.D. examination system: A critique and a proposal for reform. Australian Psychologist, 14, 370-374. Dawson, M.E., & Furedy, J.J. (1975). The role of awareness in human differential autonomic classical conditioning: The necessary-gate hypothesis. Psychophysiology, 13, 50-53. Furedy, J.J., & Stanley, G. (1970). The apparent size of "projected" after- images under conditions where size-constancy holds. Perception and Psychophysics, 7, 165-168. Furedy, J.J. (1968). Human orienting reaction as a function of electrodermal-versus plethysmographic response modes and single versus alternating stimulus series. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 77, 70-78. Stanley, G.V., & Furedy, J.J. (1966). Size constancy and Emmert's law of apparent sizes. Australian Journal of Psychology, 18, 255-261. Furedy, J.J., & Champion, R.A. (1963). Cognitive and S-R interpretations of incentive-motivational phenomena. American Journal of Psychology, 76'', 616-623. References Category:1940 births Category:2016 deaths Category:Australian psychologists Category:Canadian psychologists Category:Hungarian emigrants to Australia Category:People educated at North Sydney Boys High School Category:University of Sydney alumni Category:Indiana University faculty Category:University of Toronto faculty	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Blagoslovennoye Blagoslovennoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Oktyabrsky District of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia. According to the 2010 Census, its population was 869. The village was established in 1871 by Korean settlers who had fled from their country into Primorye due to famine and been resettled at Russian state expense in the southernmost, uninhabited portion of Amur Oblast, three versts from the northern bank of the Amur River. Blagoslovennoye remained populated by Koreans until 1937, when they were deported to Kazakhstan, like all Korean settlers in the Soviet Far East. References Category:Rural localities in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
ABRO ABRO may refer to: American Belarussian Relief Organization, an American non-profit organization Army Base Repair Organisation, an executive agency	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
John Farmer (footballer) John Farmer (born 31 August 1947) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Leicester City and Stoke City. Career Farmer was a product of Stoke City's youth system after being found playing amateur football in his local town of Biddulph. He broke into the first team in 1966 at the age of eighteen and is therefore one of the youngest keepers ever to play for the club. He initially began to play regularly for Stoke but when Farmer was 20 years old manager Tony Waddington signed England world cup winner Gordon Banks and Farmer lost his place as number one. He however resisted the chances to switch clubs and remained loyal to Stoke providing useful back-up to Banks. Farmer reclaimed his starting spot in 1972–73 as Banks was involved in a car crash which left him blind in one eye and as a result had to retire from playing top flight football. He played regularly for three seasons until another England 'keeper, Peter Shilton joined Stoke in November 1974 for a then world record fee for a goalkeeper of £325,000. Farmer then joined the club that Shilton had come from, Leicester City, and played twice for the "Foxes" before returning to Stoke. He left Stoke at the end of the 1974–75 and went on to play for Northwich Victoria. Career statistics Source: A. The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals in the Anglo-Italian Cup, Texaco Cup, UEFA Cup and Watney Cup. Honours Stoke City Football League Cup winner: 1972 References External links Category:English footballers Category:England under-23 international footballers Category:Stoke City F.C. players Category:Leicester City F.C. players Category:English Football League players Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:Cleveland Stokers players Category:Northwich Victoria F.C. players Category:People from Biddulph Category:United Soccer Association players Category:Association football goalkeepers Category:English expatriate sportspeople in the United States Category:Expatriate soccer players in the United States Category:English expatriate footballers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Heterophily Heterophily, or love of the different, is the tendency of individuals to collect in diverse groups; it is the opposite of homophily. This phenomenon can be seen in relationships between individuals. As a result, it can be analyzed in the workplace to create a more efficient and innovative workplace. It has also become an area of social network analysis. Origin and definition of the term Most of the early work in heterophily was done in the 1960s by Everett Rogers in his book Diffusion Of Innovations. According to Rogers, "Heterophily, the mirror opposite of homophily, is defined as the degree to which pairs of individuals who interact are different in certain attributes". This is in contrast to homophily, the likelihood that individuals are to surround themselves with those they share similarities with. An example of heterophily would be to individuals from different ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds becoming friends. Through his work Rogers showed that heterophilious networks were better able to spread innovations. Later, scholars such as Paul Burton have drawn connections between modern Social Network Analysis as practiced by Mark Granovetter in his theory of weak ties and the work of Georg Simmel. Burton found that Simmel's notion of "the stranger" is equivalent to Granovetter's weak tie in that both can bridge homophilious networks, turning them into one larger heterophilious network. In social and intimate relationships Heterophily is usually not a term found often by itself. Rather it is often used in conjunction with other similar terms that define attraction. Heterophily is often discussed with its opposite, homophily when analyzing how relationships form between people. Heterophily also may be mentioned in areas such as homogamy, exogamy, and endogamy. To fully understand heterophily, it is important to understand the meaning and importance of homophily. The theory of homophily states that "similarity breeds connection." Homophily has two specific types, status homophily and value homophily. Status homophily are ascribed statuses such as race, gender, and age. Value homophily refers to shared beliefs and practices between individuals. Studies of homophily have linked attraction between individuals based on similarly shared demographics. These may include, but are not limited to: race, ethnicity, gender, and socio-economic status. In fact, according to The logic of social bias: The structural demography of heterophily by Ray Reagans, the first component is the intrinsic level of interpersonal attraction due to homophily. Individuals are more likely to form social groups based upon what they have on common. This creates strong ties within the group. Mark Granovetter defined the strength of a tie as a "combination of the amount of time, the emotional intensity, the intimacy, and the reciprocal services which characterize the tie". However, Granovetter's article suggested that weak ties are also instrumental in building social networks. He believed that weak ties could be possibly more effective than strong ties in reaching individuals. Findings like this have been referenced when discussing heterophily. The effect and occurrence of heterophily is also analyzed in intimate relationships. In Dangerous Liaisons? Dating and Drinking Diffusion in Adolescent Peer Networks, Derek Kreager and Dana Haynie mention the effects of heteroplhily on romantic relationships. They see the removal of the barrier of gender as a departure from the homophily of peer friendships. According to Kreager and Haynie "exposure to new behaviors and social contexts associated with a dating partner may also correspond to higher levels of influence from that partner." The terms homogamy, endogamy, and exogamy are often used when discussing intimate relationships in a sociological context. Homogamy refers to the tendency of individuals to marry others that share similarities with each other, while endogamy is the practice of marrying within a specific group. The relation between these terms and homophily is the tendency to be attracted to what is similar. Homogamy and endogamy may be a result of cultural practices or personal preference. Endogamy's antithesis, exogamy, is marriage only outside of a particular group. In the working environment The concept of heterophily has been mentioned pertaining to working environments and the relationships within them. Heterophily is especially prevalent when discussing the diffusion of innovations theory. Diffusion of Innovations was the book written by Everett Rogers where he first termed heterophily.The diffusion of innovation theory itself is used to explain how new or innovative ideas are spread throughout a system composed of individuals. Rogers saw heterophily between individuals as "one of the most distinctive problems in the communication". This is because he believed homophily to be a more beneficial agent in communication. The general reasoning for this was that people who have more in common with each other are able to communicate more comfortably with each other. Still, Rogers believed that heterophily has such an impact on the diffusion of innovation theory that he stated in his book that "the very nature of diffusion demands that at least some degree of heterophily be present between the two participants". Heterophily is also an active part of the diffusion of information process. As a result, the concept of heterophily has been studied to try to improve relationships between individuals in the workplace. See also Endogamy Exogamy Homophily References Citations Bibliography Complex adaptive systems and the diffusion of innovation by Everett M. Rogers, Una E. Medina, Mario A. Rivera and Cody J. Wiley Dimensions of social networks as predictors of employee performance by Paul Burton Category:Interpersonal relationships Category:Sociological terminology	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Shannon McGinnis Shannon Marie McGinnis (born August 26, 1980 in Winter Park, Florida) is an American soap opera actress. She is best known for her role of Ginger Foley on the hit ABC soap opera One Life to Live since June 2005 until her final appearance on November 28, 2005 in which her character died after she was hit by a taxi cab. McGinnis had a guest spot on the hit NBC drama Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode "Want" in October 2004. She also appeared in several episodes of the NBC drama Lipstick Jungle as Megan Albright, a young graduate student that one of the main character's husbands gets pregnant and plans to leave his wife for before his sudden death. External links Category:American soap opera actresses Category:American television actresses Category:Actresses from Florida Category:1980 births Category:Living people	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Megachile luteohirta Megachile luteohirta is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Pasteels in 1973. References Luteohirta Category:Insects described in 1973	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Chattery Teeth (short story) "Chattery Teeth" is a short story by American writer Stephen King. It was originally published in Cemetery Dance and was later collected in Nightmares & Dreamscapes. Publication history Stephen King had been a regular reader of Cemetery Dance, a horror magazine, and sent an unsolicited short story to be published there in 1992. The resulting publicity helped to raise their profile. Plot summary In the story, salesman Bill Hogan notices an odd pair of walking "Chattery Teeth" (odd due to their unusually large size and the fact that they are made of metal) in a convenience store display. The clerk ends up giving Hogan the teeth, claiming they had been dropped and no longer work. Hogan is unable to dismiss another oddity- his sense that the teeth are somehow sentient and want to kill him. As he leaves the convenience store, Hogan reluctantly (having been robbed by a hitchhiker once before) gives a ride to a hitchhiker outside the convenience store; his fears prove prophetic when the hitchhiker tries to carjack him and then kill him. During the struggle, Hogan wrecks the van, and before the hitchhiker can recover and kill him, the teeth come to life and gruesomely dispatch the criminal. Hogan passes out to the vision of the Chattery Teeth dragging the hitchhiker's body off into the desert. Nine months later, Hogan stops again at the same convenience store, where he is unexpectedly reunited with the "broken" teeth again, hearing that his attacker's body was found chewed up in the desert. He decides to buy the teeth again, realizing that instead of trying to kill him, the teeth want to protect him. His theory is proved correct when a dog snarls at him as he leaves and the teeth stir in his pocket, ready to attack anything that means him harm. Hogan resolves to keep the teeth permanently, and to eventually pass them on to his son. Reception George Beahm called it "quintessential King" and "a horrific little gem of a story". Wiater et al. called it "a bizarre tale" and said that it is reminiscent of "The Monkey", a story collected earlier in Skeleton Crew. Adaptations The short story was turned into a segment in the television movie Quicksilver Highway. The audiobook version was narrated by actress Kathy Bates. Reception See also Stephen King short fiction bibliography Category:Short stories by Stephen King Category:Short stories adapted into films Category:1992 short stories Category:Works originally published in American magazines	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sadul Singh of Bikaner Lieutenant-General Sir Sadul Singh GCSI, GCIE, KStJ, CVO (7 September 1902 – 25 September 1950) was the last reigning Maharaja of Bikaner from 2 February 1943 to 30 March 1949, continuing as Head of the House of Bikaner and holding the title of Maharaja of Bikaner until his death. The eldest surviving son of General Sir Ganga Singh, Sir Sadul Singh had, for the thirty years leading up to his succession, been serving in many important posts for his father. He had been a Page of Honour at the coronation of King George V and had attended him at the durbar in Delhi. In 1919, Sir Sadul was present at the Paris Peace Conference and attended the 1924 meeting of the League of Nations. He served as Chief Minister of Bikaner from 1920 to 1925 and fought in the Second World War in Persia, the Middle East and Burma. As the time for Indian independence drew near, Sir Sadul was among the first princes to accede to the Dominion of India, which he did on 7 August 1947. On 30 March 1949, Sir Sadul merged Bikaner into the United State of Greater Rajasthan, and died in London a year later, aged 48. His eldest son, Maharaja Dr. Karni Singh became the head of Bikaner throne, holding the title in pretense. Titles 1902–1918: Yuvaraja Sri Sadul Singh Bahadur 1918–1921: Lieutenant Yuvaraja Sri Sadul Singh Bahadur 1921–1922: Captain Yuvaraja Sri Sadul Singh Bahadur 1922–1943: Captain Yuvaraja Sri Sadul Singh Bahadur, CVO 1943–1945: Lieutenant-Colonel His Highness Sri Raj Rajeshwar Maharajadhiraj Narendra Maharaja Shiromani Sadul Singh Bahadur, Maharaja of Bikaner, CVO 1945–1946: Major-General His Highness Sri Raj Rajeshwar Maharajadhiraj Narendra Maharaja Shiromani Sadul Singh Bahadur, Maharaja of Bikaner, CVO 1946–1947: Lieutenant-General His Highness Sri Sir Raj Rajeshwar Maharajadhiraj Narendra Maharaja Shiromani Sadul Singh Bahadur, Maharaja of Bikaner, GCIE, CVO 1947–1950: Lieutenant-General His Highness Sri Sir Raj Rajeshwar Maharajadhiraj Narendra Maharaja Shiromani Sadul Singh Bahadur, Maharaja of Bikaner, GCSI, GCIE, CVO Honours (ribbon bar, as it would look today; incomplete) Delhi Durbar Medal – 1911 Prince of Wales Visit Medal – 1922 Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) – 1922 King George V Silver Jubilee Medal – 1935 King George VI Coronation Medal – 1937 Ganga Singh Golden Jubilee Medal – 1937 Bikaner Badge of Honour, 1st Class – 1937 Bikaner Accession Medal – 1943 1939-1945 Star – 1945 Burma Star – 1945 War Medal 1939-1945 – 1945 India Service Medal – 1945 Knight of the Order of St John (KStJ) – 1945 Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) – 1946 Indian Independence Medal – 1947 Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI) – 1947 See also List of famous big game hunters Political Office References Dreamwater Free Web Space: ERROR 404 at www.4dw.net Dreamwater Free Web Space: ERROR 404 at www.4dw.net Category:Maharajas of Bikaner Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire Category:Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order Category:Knights of the Order of St John Category:1902 births Category:1950 deaths Category:Indian knights Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II Category:Administrators in the princely states of India	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gumot National Park The Gumot National Park is a high-altitude national park in north eastern Pakistan. It is located within Neelum Valley in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Conservation efforts in the Gumot National Park are funded by the Global Environment Facility Small Grants Programme and implemented by the Himalayan Wildlife Foundation. The national park is significant as it hosts a connected population of the threatened Himalayan Brown Bear of Pakistan, connected through a network of national parks in northern Pakistan including the Deosai National Park and Musk Deer National Park. The park also hosts a population of the threatened musk deer. References Category:National parks	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Furniture UK Furniture UK is an e-commerce furniture company that is based in the United Kingdom. Their online store was launched in 2004 by Simon Davies, and the company delivers their products throughout the country. They sell furniture across various product ranges, including living furniture, bedroom furniture, home office, hallway furniture, dining furniture, and kitchen furniture. Operations Furniture UK is part of the Amazon EU Associates Programme. This enables them to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.co.uk. The company provides free shipping on all of its orders. They also provide a white glove delivery service on a large number of their products. References Category:Furniture companies of the United Kingdom Category:Companies established in 2004	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Maputo Protection Area Maputo Protection Area is a marine protected area in Mozambique. It was established when the government of Mozambique proclaimed the area on the 14 July 2009 and declared the Marine Protected Area stretching from Ponta do Ouro in the south to the Maputo River Mouth in Maputo Bay in the north (including the Inhaca and Portuguese islands) as a Marine Protected Area, the area stretches three nautical miles into sea. See also List of conservation areas of Mozambique Category:Protected areas of Mozambique	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Neoporus clypealis Neoporus clypealis is a species of predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. It is found in North America. References Further reading Category:Dytiscidae Category:Articles created by Qbugbot Category:Beetles described in 1882	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Angelo Lecchi Angelo Lecchi (born 13 December 1966) is an Italian former professional racing cyclist. He rode in two editions of the Tour de France, five editions of the Giro d'Italia and two editions of the Vuelta a España. Major results 1988 1st Stage 4b Giro d'Italia (TTT) 1989 1st Overall Giro di Puglia 1st Stage 1 1990 5th Giro del Friuli 1994 1st Coppa Placci 1st Milano-Vignola 3rd Giro del Lazio 4th Giro dell'Emilia 1995 2nd Tre Valli Varesine 1996 5th GP Ouest–France 1997 4th Overall Tour de Langkawi 10th Overall Tour de Luxembourg References External links Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:Italian male cyclists Category:Giro d'Italia cyclists Category:Tour de France cyclists Category:Vuelta a España cyclists Category:Sportspeople from Lombardy	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sunway (processor) Sunway, or ShenWei, (Chinese: ), is a series of computer microprocessors, developed by Jiāngnán Computing Lab () in Wuxi, China. It uses a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) architecture, but details are still sparse. History The Sunway series microprocessors were developed mainly for the use of the military of the People's Republic of China. It is expressed on online forums that the original microarchitecture is believed to be inspired by the DEC Alpha. The SW-3 is thought especially to be based on the Alpha 21164. Jack Dongarra states about the follow-on SW26010, the "Shenwei-64 Instruction Set (this is NOT related to the DEC Alpha instruction set)", and doesn't say it's a new instruction set from the three prior generations he names; although precise details of the instruction set are unknown. Sunway SW-1 First generation, 2006 Single-core 900 MHz Sunway SW-2 Second generation, 2008 Dual-core 1400 MHz SMIC 130 nm process 70–100 W Sunway SW-3, SW1600 Third generation, 2010 16-core, 64-bit RISC 975–1200 MHz 65 nm process 140.8 GFLOPS @ 1.1 GHz Max memory capacity: 16 GB Peak memory bandwidth: 68 GB/s Quad-channel 128-bit DDR3 Four-issue superscalar Two integer and two floating-point execution units 7-stage integer pipeline and 10-stage floating-point pipeline 43-bit virtual address and 40-bit physical address Up to 8 TB virtual memory and 1 TB of physical memory supported L1 cache: 8 KB instruction cache and 8 KB data cache L2 cache: 96 KB 128-bit system bus Sunway SW26010 Fourth generation, 2016 64-bit RISC processor Manycore architecture, with 4 CPU clusters on a chip, each comprising 64 lightweight compute CPUs with an additional management CPU, linked by a network-on-a-chip See also Sunway BlueLight Sunway TaihuLight Loongson – a family of Chinese MIPS processors Supercomputing in China References Category:Instruction set architectures Category:Microprocessors Category:Microprocessors made in China Category:Science and technology in China * Category:Supercomputing in China	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kneehigh Theatre Kneehigh Theatre is an international touring theatre company founded by Mike Shepherd and based in Cornwall, England. The company are based in barns on the southern Cornish coast but the administration is in Truro. Overview Kneehigh was started in 1980 by Mike Shepherd . Early productions were performed in village halls, marquees, cliff-tops and quarries. Their productions are often based around mythological tales such as the Hans Christian Andersen fairy-tale The Red Shoes, The Bacchae and the Cornish legend Tristan and Yseult. Their artistic director Emma Rice won Best Director 2002, Barclays Theatre Awards. Their productions have been performed outside in locations such as Restormel Castle, the Minack Theatre and the Eden Project as well as their award-winning Asylum Season. They use a variety of theatrical elements including puppetry, live music (often played with folk instruments such as ukuleles and dulcimers) and an emphasis on visual imagery. Between 1989 and 2006, Sue Hill and Bill Mitchell were working as part of Kneehigh on work that was happening outdoors and on site, influenced heavily by such groups as Footsbarn Theatre and Welfare State International. However, feeling that Kneehigh was pulling in 2 different directions, one based in studios and theatres, and the other based in the landscape, Hill and Mitchell formed their own company Wildworks. The first Wildworks productions were initially co-productions with Kneehigh until 2006 when they made Souterrain, their first independent production. In the autumn of 2007, Kneehigh toured village halls in Cornwall with Blast! A Cornish Expose Performed by 3 Complete Idiots! and presented Noël Coward's Brief Encounter in Birmingham and at the West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds. After finishing a run of Brief Encounter at the Cinema Haymarket in the West End, the show toured the UK before going overseas to American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco,California.St. Ann's Warehouse in Brooklyn, and the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis. Since then, Kneehigh have taken their work to the USA, Australia, New Zealand, China and Syria and other countries whilst continuing to tour work in the UK. They are an associate company of Bristol Old Vic and Shakespeare's Globe in London. Simon Harvey is resident Associate Director. Kneehigh Asylum Whilst primarily being a touring theatre company, Kneehigh have their own home performance space called The Asylum. The Asylum is a purpose-built tent that can be configured in 5 ways and pitched in 1 day on any surface. The company have performed at the Asylum since 2010, using it a venue for their own work as well as housing associate artists in what they describe as being '[a] place of fun, playfulness and sanctuary'. Kneehigh Rambles In 2010, Kneehigh launched its Rambles programme. The Kneehigh Rambles allow the company to work with communities by providing greater access to their work in Cornwall and further afield. They engage with those who otherwise would be unable to access their work due to financial or social barriers. Working with a variety of community, voluntary and social organisations, Kneehigh has reached out to people from all walks of life by providing free tickets, running workshops, and offering opportunities to work with artists. Productions Ubu: A Singalong Satire - Asylum 2018/19, UK tour 2019/20 (based on Ubu Roi by Alfred Jarry) The Dancing Frog - Asylum 2018/19 (based on the book by Quentin Blake) The Tin Drum - UK tour 2017 (based on the novel by Gunther Grass) The Flying Lovers of Vitebsk - UK tour 2016 (about Marc Chagall and his wife Bella) FUP - Asylum 2016, Asylum 2018 & UK tour 2018 946 - Asylum 2015, UK & US tour 2016 (adapted from the novel by Michael Morpurgo) Daphne du Maurier's Rebecca - produced by David Pugh Ltd. UK tour 2015 Dead Dog in a Suitcase (and other love songs) - UK tour 2014 & 2015, West End 2019 (a new Beggar's Opera) Tristan & Yseult - Cornwall 2003, National Theatre and UK Tour 2006, UK Tour 2013 and US Tour 2013-15 Noël Coward's Brief Encounter - West End 2008 & 2018, UK Tour and USA Tour 2009, Broadway 2010, Australia and US tour 2013/14. Nominated for four Olivier Awards and two Tony Awards A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings - in association with Little Angel Theatre, UK tour 2013 Steptoe and Son - Asylum & UK Tour 2012/13 The Wild Bride - UK Tour, San Francisco, New York, New Zealand 2011-13 Midnight’s Pumpkin - The Asylum, Cornwall 2011, Battersea Arts Centre 2012) Wah! Wah! Girls - in association with Sadler's Wells Theatre and Theatre Royal Stratford East The Umbrellas of Cherbourg - based on the film by Jacques Demy, at the Gielgud Theatre, West End 2011 The Red Shoes - UK Tour 2001/2, Winner of TMA for Best Director 2002. UK Tour, USA and Australia 2010/11) Hansel & Gretel - UK Tour 2010/11 The King of Prussia - 2010 BLAST! - 2007 & 2010 Don John - UK Tour 2008/9 A Matter of Life and Death – From May 2007, at the National Theatre. The play is based on the film of the same name by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. (The Observer review ). Rapunzel - Battersea Arts Centre, UK Tour and New York 2007/8 Cymbeline - UK and International Tour 2007/2008 Nights at the Circus - 2005. Tour co-produced with the Lyric Hammersmith and Bristol Old Vic. (The Stage review ) The Bacchae - 2004. Won the TMA Theatre Award for best touring production of 2004 The Wooden Frock - 2003/4. Nominated for the TMA Award for Best Touring Production 2004 The Company Although the company does vary between productions, there are a number of associate artists who are repeatedly involved with Kneehigh including: Simon Baker, sound designer. Brief Encounter, Don John, The Wild Bride Stu Barker, performer, composer & musical director. A Matter of Life and Death, Tristan & Yseult, Cubeline, Brief Encounter, Nights at the Circus, Rapunzel, The Bacchae, The Wooden Frock, Pandora's Box, The Red Shoes, The Itch, Roger Salmon, Don John, The Wild Bride Jim Carey, performer & musical director. "The Riot, Strange Cargo, The King of Prussia, Tregeagle, Ship of Fools, Peer Gynt, Windfall, Ting Tang Mine, The Bogus, Ravenheart, The Lost Stories of Don Quixote, The Arabian Nights" Dominic Bilkey, sound designer. The Bacchae, Tristan & Yseult, Cymbeline, Rapunzel Paul Crewes, producer. The Bacchae, The Wooden Frock, Cymbeline, Rapunzel, Don John, The Wild Bride Gisli Orn Gardarsson, performer. A Matter of Life and Death, Nights at the Circus, Don John Carl Grose, performer & writer. Performer: The King of Prussia, Strange Cargo, Wagstaffe the Wind-up Boy, Chucky Vs Alien, Nights at the Circus, Cymbeline, Blast!, Don John, Hansel & Gretel Writer: Quicksilver, Tristan & Yseult, The Bacchae, Cymbeline, Hansel & Gretel, The Wild Bride Craig Johnson, performer. Cry Wolf, Quicksilver, Skulduggery, Tristan & Yseult, The Bacchae, Cymbeline, A Matter of Life and Death, Blast!, Journey to the Centre of the Earth (which he also directed), Don John, Hansel & Gretel Amanda Lawrence, performer. Tristan & Yseult, Knights at the Circus, Brief Encounter Dom Lawton, performer & musician. A Matter of Life and Death, Annabelle Lee, Cymbeline, Hanging Around, Don John Robert Luckay, performer. The Bacchae, Cymbeline Anna Maria Murphy, writer. Tristan & Yseult, The Bacchae, The Red Shoes, Skulduggery, Doubtful Island, Ghost Nets, Women Who Threw the Day Away, Telling Tales Jack Morrison. "The Wooden Frock, Wagstaffe the Wind up Boy, The Bacchae, ,Journey to the Centre of the Earth, A Matter of Life and Death, Cymbeline, Rapunzel, Blast!, Don John, Tristan & Yseult" Dave Mynne, performer & founder member. Don John Emma Rice, artistic director and performer. The Red Shoes, The Wooden Frock, The Bacchae, Tristan & Yseult, Nights at the Circus, Cymbeline, A Matter of Life and Death, Rapunzel, Brief Encounter, Don John, The Wild Bride. Malcolm Rippeth, lighting designer. Brief Encounter, Cymbeline, Nights at the Circus, The Bacchae, Pandora's Box, Don John, The Wild Bride Mike Shepherd, performer and founder. The Red Shoes, The Wooden Frock, The Bacchae, A Matter of Life and Death, Cymbeline, Rapunzel, Blast!, Don John, Tristan & Yseult Tristan Sturrock, performer. Brief Encounter, A Matter of Life and Death, The Riot, Tristan and Yseult, The King of Prussia, Tregeagle, Ship of Fools, Peer Gynt, The Ashmaid, Danger My Ally, Windfall, Don John Ian Ross, musician. Brief Encounter, Don John, Hansel and Gretel, The Red Shoes, The Wild Bride, Tristan and Yseult, Midnights Pumpkin, 946, Dead Dog in a Suitcase, The Flying Lovers of Vitebsk, Composer "Hansel and Gretel","Very Old man with Enormous wings", "the Flying Lovers of Vitebsk". Michael Vale, designer. Rapunzel, Cymbeline Alex Wardle, lighting designer. Tristan & Yseult, Rapunzel, The Wooden Frock, The Riot, The Red Shoes Mary Woodvine, performer. ''The Young Man of Cury, Windfall, King of Prussia, The Riot, Fishboy, Skullduggery, Don John' References External links Official website Kneehigh Theatre: in pictures from The Guardian Troupe therapy, a Guardian article BBC interview with Emma Rice, Artistic Director Category:Cornish culture Category:Theatre companies in England Category:Physical theatre	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Koduram Dalit Koduram Dalit (5 March 1910 - 28 September 1967) was an Indian poet in Hindi and Chhattisgarhi languages. He was born in Tikri village, district Durg (then Madhya Pradesh, now part of Chhattisgarh state), in a poor family. After completing his studies from Bilaspur and Durg, he worked as a teacher and principal in the education department of Madhya Pradesh. Dalit believed in Gandhian principles and wrote poetry, stories, children's stories and folk songs in Hindi and Chhattisgarhi languages. Siyani Goth and Bahujan Hitaay Bahujan Sukhaay are two of his popular poem collections. A high school in Nawagarh (Bemetara, Chhattisgarh) is named after him - Koduram Dalit Mahavidyala. References Category:20th-century Indian poets Category:Poets from Chhattisgarh Category:1967 deaths Category:Indian male poets Category:Hindi poets Category:Poets from Madhya Pradesh Category:1910 births Category:20th-century Indian male writers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Hugh S. Jenkins Hugh S. Jenkins (March 9, 1903 – June 18, 1976) was Ohio Attorney General from 1945 to 1949. Jenkins was born March 9, 1903 in New Cumberland, West Virginia to John T. and Vanessa (Miskelly) Jenkins. He was a Republican from Mahoning County. Before election as Attorney General, he was chairman of Ohio's Board of Tax Appeals and was administrator of the Ohio State Bureau of Unemployment Compensation. Jenkins was elected as Attorney General in 1944 and 1946, but lost re-election in 1948. Jenkins died in Columbus, Ohio, June 18, 1976, and is buried at Union Cemetery. References External links Category:Ohio Attorneys General Category:Ohio Republicans Category:People from Mahoning County, Ohio Category:1903 births Category:1976 deaths Category:20th-century American lawyers Category:20th-century American politicians Category:People from New Cumberland, West Virginia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Stankovo Stankovo may refer to: Stankovo, Slovenia, a hamlet near Brežice Stankovo, Croatia, a village near Jastrebarsko	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Carnival of Limoux The Carnival of Limoux () is an annual festival held in Limoux, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It takes place for three months on the weekends between January and Mardi Gras and is conducted in Occitan, the area's traditional language. The festival is famous for its alternation of bands and pierrots. History According to a tradition that dates to the 14th century, millers were released at Mardi Gras from their dues to the Dominican priory at Prouille and celebrated by walking through the streets scattering sugared almonds and flour, accompanied by minstrels. The carnival has been celebrated in Limoux since 1604. The wine festival Toques & Clochers has been held in Limoux every spring since 2011. The café scene is dominant in Limoux where food and drink are the dominant cultural pastime. Gallery Bibliography D. Fabre and Charles Camberoque: La Fête en Languedoc Georges Chaluleau and J.Luc Eluard: Le carnaval de limoux, Atelier du Gué Ed. Georges Chaluleau: Carnaval de Limoux au cœur (141 pp), Loubatières Ed. References External links Mémoire historique de Limoux: history of the carnival of Limoux Limoux Category:Recurring events established in 1604 Category:Festivals established in 1604 Category:1604 establishments in France	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Olson Olson may refer to: Olson (surname), people with the name Olson Sigurd Olson Environmental Institute Olson (constructor), a former racing car constructor Olson database, also known as zoneinfo database "Olson", a song by Boards of Canada. See also Morrison v. Olson, a case before the U.S. Supreme Court Olsen (disambiguation) Olsson Justice Olson (disambiguation)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gallinago kakuki Gallinago kakuki was an extinct species of snipe in the family Scolopacidae that was once found in the West Indies. Fossils of this species are known from the Bahamas, Cuba, and Cayman Brac in the Cayman Islands. Gallinago kakuki was a rather large species of snipe that was able to fly despite having slightly more reduced flight capabilities than its relatives. It shared more osteological similarities with the Old World species of snipe than those found in the New World; this is also the case for the Puerto Rican woodcock (Scolopax anthonyi) and Hispaniolan woodcock (Scolopax brachycarpa), indicating a possible inter-hemispherical relationship between terrestrial Caribbean scolopacids and their Old World counterparts. Currently, the only extant snipe from the West Indies is the Wilson's snipe (G. delicata), which is a migrant visitor to the region. References kakuki Category:Extinct birds of the Caribbean Category:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds Category:Birds described in 2016 Category:Fossil taxa described in 2016	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Barje (Leskovac) Barje is a village in the municipality of Leskovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 372 people. References Category:Populated places in Jablanica District	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Xystoscolex Xystoscolex is a genus of palaeoscolecidian worm known from the Sirius Passet, North Greenland. References Category:Prehistoric protostome genera Category:Sirius Passet fossils Category:Paleoscolecids	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Thomas Burchell Thomas Burchell (1799–1846) was a leading Baptist missionary and slavery abolitionist in Montego Bay, Jamaica in the early nineteenth century. He was among an early group of missionaries who went out from London in response to a request from African Baptists on the island. He established churches and schools to aid the slaves. Burchell is credited with the concept of Free Villages and encouraging their development by Baptist colleagues such as William Knibb, as well as by other denominations. Anticipating abolition of slavery, he helped raise funds in Great Britain to acquire land for freedmen after they were emancipated, and to develop Free Villages. Burchell established the Burchell Baptist Church, where he was assisted by deacon and preacher Samuel Sharpe. Active in organizing a strike of workers that resulted in the Baptist War (1831-1832), Sharpe was executed by the government in May 1832. Burchell had evaded such retaliation, but returned to Jamaica to continue as a missionary after conditions had calmed down. He continued to preach to people all over his parish, and to set up schools and churches. He died in London of the fever, when he had a relapse after returning for a short visit. His first church was renamed as Burchell Memorial Church in his honor. Many Jamaican parents name their children 'Burchell'; it is almost as popular a given or Christian name as Manley. Early life and education Thomas Burchell was born on Christmas Day, December 25, 1799, in Tetbury, Gloucestershire. He had a brother William, who supported his later missionary efforts. Their paternal grandfather was the Baptist minister in the town. Among his ancestors was reportedly Sir Isaac Newton. Burchell initially trained to go into cloth manufacturing in Nailsworth. While there, he was influenced by the Shortwood Baptist Church and determined to prepare as a missionary. He attended Bristol Academy for more education. Before leaving England, he married Hester Crocker (née Lusty). Burchell was 23 when they traveled to Jamaica for him to begin work as a Baptist missionary. In the early 1820s, missionaries were instructed by their society to stay out of issues related to the institution of slavery. Missionary career He worked from his base in Montego Bay, Jamaica for twenty-two years, from 1824–46. During these years, the abolition movement developed in the colony, which he supported. He wrote letters to family, friends and the missionary society in England about the harsh conditions of slavery. He and his wife lived to see the abolition of slavery in the British Empire, in the period from 1834, when children of slave mothers were considered free at birth and adults were subject to multi-year "apprenticeships," to 1838, when all chattel slavery was ended. Burchell established what was called Burchell Baptist Church, built in 1824 in Montego Bay, the year of his arrival in Jamaica. He appointed as deacon Samuel Sharpe, a man who was born into slavery in Jamaica but had gained an education. Sharpe became a recognized leader and preacher in the Baptist Church. In November 1827, Thomas' brother William Burchell published one of his letters in The Particular Baptist in England, in which Burchell criticised the plantocracy, especially its efforts to limit the religious life of slaves. Excerpts made the rounds in Jamaica, and Burchell encountered criticism from the planters. After the Christmas Rebellion or "Baptist War" of 1831, a massive slave rebellion of an estimated 60,000 slaves across the island, planters suspected that Burchell and other Baptist missionaries had encouraged it. Burchell had been away from the island during the events, but was investigated when he returned. Avoiding detention, he left with his family in March 1832 for their safety. The Jamaican government and planters conducted massive reprisals against suspected slaves and allies after using troops to suppress the rebellion in December and January 1832. During the two weeks of troop activity, forces killed more than 200 slaves outright. Afterward, the government executed from 310 to 340 slaves through the judicial process, including many for minor offenses. Sometimes three or four slaves were hanged at the same time, as an example. Burchell's deacon Samuel Sharpe, who had organized a general strike of slaves to protest working conditions, was captured in the roundup of hundreds of suspects. He was convicted of having a major role in the rebellion and executed by hanging in May 1832. Following the rebellion, numerous Baptist chapels were destroyed, as whites thought they had encouraged the slave revolt. A white mob burned down the Burchell Baptist Church and Manse. The church and Manse were not rebuilt until 1834, but Burchell had returned before that to continue his preaching and teaching. In the 20th century, The Manse has been adapted for use and renamed as the Burchell Memorial Church; it is preserved and managed by the Jamaica National Heritage Trust, founded in 1958. The church is located in Montego Bay at number one King Street, at the corner of Market Street. Starting in the 1830s, in anticipation of the emancipation under discussion in Parliament, the Jamaican Baptist congregations, deacons, and ministers proposed the Caribbean concept of "free villages": to grant freedpeople plots of land for their own to cultivate as the basis of independent villages, to be organized around a Baptist church. Burchell developed this idea especially with fellow English Baptist missionaries William Knibb and James Phillippo. Leaders of missionary Baptist chapels approached their financiers in England, who could instruct land agents in London to buy Jamaican land and hold it for establishment of free villages, for freedmen to gain independence of the planters. Many plantation owners and others in the landowning class had made it clear they would never sell any land to freed slaves, but provide only "tied accommodation" at the rents they chose. Their goal for labour after emancipation was to prevent free labour choice and movement of workers among employers, and keep costs low or negligible. Due to Burchell's initiative, Sandy Bay, Jamaica, was founded as a Baptist Free Village for freedmen. Today its playing field is named Burchell Field in his honor. Several other free villages, including the very first, were founded through the work of Rev. James Phillippo, one of Burchell's Baptist associates. Knibb also founded some Free Villages. Other denominations quickly adopted this concept. The missionaries were not able to provide for the mass of freedmen, but their several Free Villages allowed more families to build independent lives in the post-emancipation years. As the Baptists on the island were making headway and the economy was strong, Burchell urged that the Jamaica Baptist Church become independent of the Baptist Missionary Society, which it did in the 1840s. Later there were more financial problems, especially after Britain imposed a tariff in 1846. Many of the missionaries provided health care to the freedmen. Burchell moved for his own health to Mount Carey, in the hills above Montego Bay. He established a dispensary, administering to thousands of freedmen annually. He trained local people to assist in dressing of wounds and other procedures. He began to mix his own preparations, based on studies of chemistry in college, in order to be able to care for his people, as he could not afford to import all supplies. Legacy Thomas Burchell's passion for educating the youth of Jamaica still thrives through The Burchell Youth Development Foundation, created in his honor to continue his work. The Foundation's primary mission as a Caribbean nonprofit is to help uplift and sustain the youth of Jamaica, empowering them to build better lives for themselves through spiritual and educational support. The Foundation was established as a tax exempt 501(c)3 nonprofit in March 2015. It partners with local Jamaican Baptist and Roman Catholic Churches (including the Burchell Memorial Baptist Church, established by Thomas Burchell in 1824) to identify, select and monitor deserving students in the civic parishes of Westmoreland, St. James, Trelawny, Hanover and St.Ann. Personal life Burchell and his wife Hester Crocker Lusty (d. 1856, Mt. Carey, Jamaica) had one daughter, Esthrana Louisa Burchell (b. Falmouth, Jamaica 1827, d. 1903 Kingston). She became the second wife of widower Rev. Edward Hewett (b. 1819, Norfolk, England-d. 1883, Mt. Carey, Jamaica), with whom she had twelve children. In 1846 Burchell caught "the fever" from his friend Knibb, whom he helped care for before Knibb's death in 1845. Burchell still felt weakened in the new year and returned to England in April, visiting with friends. There he suffered a relapse and died on May 16, 1846. His wife, who was still in Jamaica expecting his return, arranged his burial in London. Burial Burchell is buried at the non-denominational Abney Park Cemetery in Stoke Newington, London. In 1992 his great-grandchildren erected a memorial at his gravesite. References Bibliography "Death of the Rev. Thomas Burchell, of Jamaica", in The Church, p. 93, January 1846. Gardner, W. J. A History of Jamaica from its Discovery by Christopher Columbus to the Present Time... Elliot Stock (London, 1878). Papers Relative to the West Indies, 1840, Part I, Jamaica. Clowes and Sons, p. 58 (1840). Morrison, Doreen. 2014. Slavery's Heroes: George Liele and the Ethiopian Baptists of Jamaica 1783 - 1865. CreateSpace. Category:1799 births Category:1846 deaths Category:British abolitionists Category:English Baptist missionaries Category:English Baptist ministers Category:Baptist missionaries in Jamaica Category:Burials at Abney Park Cemetery Category:19th-century Baptist ministers Category:People from Tetbury	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Campeonato Nacional Futsal Feminino The Campeonato Nacional de Futsal Feminino is the women's premier futsal league in Portugal. It is organised by the Portuguese Football Federation and, therefore, played under UEFA's rules. It was created in the 2013–14 season, joining Portugal's 16 best teams, and is disputed in a regular phase divided in two geographic zones, North and South, followed by a second phase with a poule contested by the top-four teams in each zone. The remaining teams contest one relegation poule for each zone, with the two lower teams of each group being relegated to the regional leagues (distritais). Each season, four teams are promoted from the previous edition of the Taça Nacional de Futsal Feminino. Between 1996 and 2013, the national champions were the winners of the Taça Nacional (then the only national women's competition), which was contested by the winners of the regional leagues. Benfica are the current Portuguese champions, having won three consecutive league titles. Champions by year Performance by club References External links Official website Women Category:Futsal competitions in Portugal Category:Sports leagues established in 2013 Category:2013 establishments in Portugal Portugal Category:Women's sports leagues in Portugal	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Samu Stern Samu Stern (5 January 1874 – 1946), in Hungarian usage Stern Samu, was a businessman, banker, advisor to the royal court, and head of Hungary's Neolog Jewish Community. After the March 1944 German occupation, Stern was a member of the German-created Jewish Council (Judenrat, Zsidó tanács) along with Orthodox Community leader Pinchas Freudiger. Although Stern supported Jewish causes, he received criticism for dealing willingly with the German occupying authorities and their Hungarian collaborators. References External links http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%206047.pdf http://www.yadvashem.org/articles/general/jews-of-hungary-during-the-holocaust.html Publications Nathaniel Katzburg, Shemu’el Shtern: Ro’sh kehilat Pesht, in Pedut: Hatsalah bi-yeme sho’ah (Ramat Gan, Isr., 1984) Mária Schmidt, Kollaboráció vagy kooperáció? (Budapest, 1990), pp. 49–111 Samu (Samuel) Stern, A Race with Time: A Statement, Hungarian Jewish Studies 3 (1973): 1–48 Category:1874 births Category:1946 deaths Category:Hungarian Jews Category:Holocaust survivors	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kendhikolhudhoo (Noonu Atoll) Kendhikulhudhoo (Dhivehi: ކެނދިކުޅުދޫ) is one of the inhabited islands of Noonu Atoll in the northern province of Maldives. The island is among the 10th biggest islands in the Maldives archipelago. According to the census 2014, Kendhikulhudhoo is home to 1767 people making the island most populous in the atoll after Velidhoo, Holhudhoo, and Manadhoo. History The most important day in the history of Kendhikulhudhoo was the day people of Tholhendhoo migrated to the island. Severe island erosion led the people of Tholhendhoo to migrate to Kendhikulhudhoo on 1 January 1993. Geography The island is north of the country's capital, Malé. Kendhikulhudhoo is located at 5° 56' 58"N degree of latitude and 73° 25'00'E degree of longitude. The island has an area of with a length of and width of . The geography of Kendhikulhudhoo is unique with six mangrove areas locally known as "kulhi" in the island. They are "Mai falhu", "Dhimaafalhu", "Hikikulhi", "Tholhifalhu", "Gan'baafalhu", Fin'dhana gonni and "Gaathudee kolhu". However, these mangrove areas are faced with a major problem of dumping garbage by the islanders. In addition, an aquaculture project carried out recently in the largest mangrove area "Mai falhu" destroyed part of the mangrove ecosystem in the area. Bluepeace, a non-government organization focused on environmental protection of Maldives reported that these mangrove areas absorbed much of the impact of the December 2004 saving the island from the destruction of property and loss of human lives. Several projects have been initiated by local NGOs to protect the mangrove areas in the island. One of such project was "Save KK" initiated by Society for Kendhikulhudhoo Island Development (SKID) in association with UNDP. Demography Kendhikulhudhoo has the 4th largest population in the atoll with a registered population of 1767 people of which 882 are male and 885 are female. However, only 1288 people live in the island as per census 2014. Since more men work in resorts, industrial islands, and capital Male’, 724 women live on the island compared to 564 men. As per the statistics of a secretariat of Kendhikulhudhoo council, the population of Kendhikolhu is slightly higher than the population of Kulhudhoo with 923 people in Kendhikolhu while 898 people in Kulhudhoo. The total number of households in Kendhikolhu and Kulhudhoo altogether is 241. The population of the island is expected to grow at 0.79% annually which is 0.17% higher than atoll population growth average of 0.69%. If the growth is maintained at this rate, the population would reach to 3000 people in 2021. Governance People in Kendhikulhudhoo resides in two wards namely Kendhikolhu (Dhivehi: ކެނދިކޮޅު) which is south of the island and Kulhudhoo (Dhivehi: ކުޅުދޫ) which is the north of the island. Until the local government law which was enacted in 17 May 2010, the two wards were two separate administrative units managed by island offices located in each ward. This developed rivalry and resistance which led to some social issues in the past. Education Kendhikulhudhoo School is the only school on the island. It is a public school under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Education which provides preschool, primary, secondary and higher secondary education. There are 455 students currently studying in the school. The school is renowned as a leading edge school in Noonu Atoll and were among the first schools to incorporate science as well as commerce stream subjects in secondary and higher secondary level. The school strives for excellence in all areas, with a well-led team of staff, all highly committed to improving the standard of teaching and learning. In addition, an outreach center under the Faculty of Open Learning of Maldives National University was recently established in the island. The center currently offers foundation, diploma and degree programs in the field of business, judicial administration and education. Courses open for admission in the center January 2017 include Bachelor of Business, Diploma in Judicial Administration, Bachelor of Teaching primary and English for Further Studies. There are some other educational institutions like Quran classes and tuition centers as well in the island. Economy The island has 16 shops and 6 restaurants. Most of the shops are dedicated to retail grocery and daily use items while there are 3 shops which sell garment and cosmetic items and 2 dedicated to selling construction materials as well. Major items required for construction like cement, timber and plastic pipe and fittings can be bought from these shops. Goods like furniture and other household items which are not available on the island are bought from the Atoll capital Manadhoo and Capital Male'. Majority of the working age population work in tourism industry especially the youth population. However, an equal number of people also work in the fishing industry. Currently, there are 7 fishing vessels operating on the island. Some have also found employment in the few government institutions in the island while others work in capital Male in public or private offices. There are 5 government institutions providing employment for the people. The biggest employer among them is Kendhikulhudhoo School followed by Kendhikulhudhoo health center and Secretariat of Kendhikulhudhoo council. Kendhikulhudhoo court and the branch of FENAKA cooperation in the island providing electricity to the households also provides some employment opportunities. The island does not have any bank or a branch of a bank. However, one retail shop provides a cash back service where customers can withdraw up to MVR 2000 per transaction from debit cards of Bank of Maldives. Apart from this, a team of Bank of Maldives visits the island every month for one day. This team provides some banking functions like deposits, withdrawals, and applications for different services offered by Bank of Maldives. Tourism Lack of proper transportation from the island to connect to major transport hubs in the country has limited the opportunity to open guesthouses and such tourist establishments in the island. The most common mode of transportation from the island to capital Male' is by boat which takes approximately 10 to 12 hours of travel. A scheduled speed boat also operates from Noonu Atoll to the capital twice a week. The domestic airport at Raa Atoll Ifuru is the closet airport to the island. It cost around MVR 3000 to travel from Kendhikulhudhoo to Ifuru by speed boat. There are speed boats for hire available on the kendhikulhudhoo and other islands close to the airport. Few also uses seaplane flying from Hulhule' International Airport to nearby resorts to access to the island. However, these planes are dedicated for tourist visiting the resorts, getting a seat from a seaplane is difficult and the operator cannot confirm your seat until the last moment. A couple of options are available for accommodation on the island. Currently, there are two dedicated places providing room for rental on a daily basis. The best known among them is the recently opened Rizofora Inn. Rizzafora Inn offers rooms per night at the rate of MVR 350. Apart from this, some households might also offer the extra room in their home for rental. References Category:Islands of the Maldives	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Katowice Open The Katowice Open was a professional women's tennis tournament played on an indoor hard court in Katowice, Poland and was held in April. The event was affiliated with the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and was an International-level tournament on the WTA Tour. Katowice Open replaced Danish Open since 2013 WTA Tour season. The official tournament ball was Babolat Roland Garros’. The organizer of the tournament was SOS Music company from Toruń, which had obtained the license from Octagon sport agency. Telewizja Polska had taken the television partnership of the event. The tournament was broadcast by TVP in April. From 2014, the surface was changed from clay to hard.. Octagon chose to relocate the event to Biel/Bienne as the Ladies Open Biel Bienne beginning in 2017. Past finals Singles Doubles References External links Official web site Tournament info at WTA site Category:WTA Tour Category:Indoor tennis tournaments Category:Tennis tournaments in Poland Category:Sport in Katowice Category:Recurring sporting events established in 2013 Category:Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2016 Category:2013 establishments in Poland Category:Clay court tennis tournaments Category:Hard court tennis tournaments	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Shopno Bari Shopno Bari is an upcoming Bangladeshi film directed by Tanim Rahman Anshu and stars Anisur Rahman Milon and Zakia Bari Momo as lead pair. The actress is returning to films ending a three-year hiatus after her last film Chuye Dile Mon. References External links Category:Bangladeshi films Category:Bengali-language films Category:Upcoming films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Porębów Porębów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowa Sól, within Nowa Sól County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. References Category:Villages in Nowa Sól County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Wayne Township, Montgomery County, Indiana Wayne Township is one of eleven townships in Montgomery County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,590 and it contained 691 housing units. Geography According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 99.97%) is land and (or 0.03%) is water. Cities, towns, villages Waynetown Unincorporated towns Wesley at Cemeteries The township contains these two cemeteries: Potts and Thompson. Major highways Interstate 74 U.S. Route 136 School districts North Montgomery Community School Corporation Political districts Indiana's 4th congressional district State House District 41 State Senate District 23 References United States Census Bureau 2008 TIGER/Line Shapefiles IndianaMap External links Indiana Township Association United Township Association of Indiana City-Data.com page for Wayne Township Category:Townships in Montgomery County, Indiana Category:Townships in Indiana	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Thliptoceras fuscociliale Thliptoceras fuscociliale is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Snellen in 1895. It is found on Java. References Category:Moths described in 1895 Category:Pyraustinae	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Keaton and Kylie Rae Tyndall Keaton Tyndall and Kylie Tyndall (born Keaton Nicole Tyndall and Kylie Rae Tyndall on March 14, 1992 in Los Angeles, California) are identical twin actresses. Career They started acting at the age of 9 months, and have had roles in several movies and TV shows. In 2004, Keaton and Kylie landed the recurring roles of Phoebe Forrester and Steffy Forrester respectively on the CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful, which would later earn them a Young Artist Award nomination for "Best Performance in a Television Series/Recurring Young Actress". Later that year Keaton and Kylie appeared as twin Gods in Joan of Arcadia. In 2007, Kylie and Keaton recur as Penny and Sissy Marquart on Big Love. In 2011, they starred in And They're Off as Megan (Keaton's role) and Katie (Kylie's role). Filmography Kylie's Roles: 1993: Heart and Souls as Baby Thomas Reilly (uncredited) 1994: Roseanne: An Unauthorized Biography as Jennifer Barr (Baby)(uncredited) 1994: ER as Ashley (1 episode) 1995: How to Make an American Quilt as Young Finn Dodd (uncredited) 1998: Little Girl Fly Away as Young Ruth Finney (uncredited) 1998: City of Angels as Hannah's Friend 2003: Animal Jam as The Twins 2003: The Wayne Brady Show as Cecylia Lisp (2 episodes) 2003: Looney Tunes: Back in Action as Little Alienc #2 (uncredited) 2004: Joan of Arcadia as Twin #1 God (1 episode) 2004: The Way Station as Kathleen 2004 - 2005: The Bold and the Beautiful as Steffy Forrester (30 episodes) 2007: Insatiable as N/A (1 episode) 2007: Big Love as Penny Marquart (3 episodes) 2011: And They're Off as Katie Keaton's Roles: 1993: Heart and Souls as Baby Thomas Reilly (uncredited) 1994: Roseanne: An Unauthorized Biography as Jennifer Barr (Baby)(uncredited) 1994: ER as Ashley (1 episode) 1995: How to Make an American Quilt as Young Finn Dodd (uncredited) 1998: Little Girl Fly Away as Young Ruth Finney (uncredited) 1998: City of Angels as Hannah's Friend 2003: Animal Jam as The Twins 2003: The Even Stevens Movie as Gotcha Family Daughter 2003: Looney Tunes: Back in Action as Little Alienc #1 (uncredited) 2004: Joan of Arcadia as Twin #2 God (1 episode) 2004: The Way Station as Kaitlyn 2004 - 2005: The Bold and the Beautiful as Phoebe Forrester (30 episodes) 2007: Insatiable as N/A (1 episode) 2007: Big Love as Sissy Marquart (3 episodes) 2007: Cold Case as Heidi Jenner '94 (1 episode) 2011: And They're Off as Megan External links Category:1992 births Category:American child actresses Category:American soap opera actresses Category:American television actresses Category:Twin people from the United States Category:Identical twin actresses Category:Living people Category:Actresses from Los Angeles fi:Keaton Tyndall	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Shibalipu, Shandong Shibalipu () is a town in Shen County, Liaocheng, in western Shandong province, China. References Category:Township-level divisions of Shandong	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Stadnicki Stadnicki is a Polish family name. Notable persons with this name include Fortunat Stadnicki (1818-1872), Polish landowner Franciszek Stadnicki (1742-1810), Polish noble, deputy to the sejm (Polish parliament) Stanisław Stadnicki, Polish nobleman Category:Surnames	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Elliot Philipp Elliot Philipp (20 July 1915 – 27 September 2010) was a British gynaecologist and obstetrician who worked with Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards in developing in-vitro fertilisation and authored The Technique of Sex (1939) with the assistance of Sigmund Freud. Biography Phillip was born to a Jewish family in Stoke Newington, the son of Clarisse (née Weil) and Oscar Philipp. His father - who was a cousin to Martha Bernays, the wife of Sigmund Freud - immigrated in 1908 to London from Hamburg to set up the metal trading firm Philipp Brothers. Personal life In 1939, he married Lucie Ruth Hackenbroch; they had two children, Ann Susan Philipp (1941–1997) and Alan Henry Philipp. References Category:1915 births Category:2010 deaths Category:British Jews Category:British gynaecologists Category:British obstetricians Category:People from Stoke Newington	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Steve Pelluer Steven Carl Pelluer (born July 29, 1962) is a former professional American football quarterback in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys and Kansas City Chiefs. He was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the 5th round of the 1984 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Washington. Early years Pelluer attended Interlake High School in Bellevue, Washington, a suburb east of Seattle, and lettered in football and basketball. In football, he led his team to the state quarterfinals in his last two years. As a senior, he received All-state honors and was a National Football Foundation Scholar-Athlete. Pelluer's family had a tradition of playing football at Washington State University in Pullman, but he accepted a scholarship from the rival University of Washington in Seattle. As a sophomore in 1981 under head coach Don James, Pelluer took over the starting quarterback position, after Tim Cowan injured his thumb in the second game of the season. He finished with 110 of 234 completions, for 1,138 yards and 9 touchdowns, while leading the team to a Pacific-10 Conference title and a 28–0 win over the University of Iowa in the Rose Bowl on New Year's Day. Even though his record was 7–1, Pelluer lost the starting job to Cowan in 1982. In his senior season in 1983, he had one of the best quarterback seasons in school history, receiving All-Pac-10 and the conference's offensive player of the year honors, after completing a 67.2% of his passes (school record) for 2,365 yards and 11 touchdowns. He also set a school record with most consecutive passes completed (137) without an interception. Pelluer left as the school's second career leader in passing yards with 4,603 passing yards, to go along with 436 completions (school record), 30 touchdowns, 342 rushing yards and a record. Professional career Dallas Cowboys Pelluer was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the fifth round (113th overall) of the 1984 NFL Draft. He also was selected by the Oakland Invaders in the sixth round (111th overall) of the 1984 USFL Draft. He was the third-string quarterback in his first two years. In 1985, with the first place in the NFC East division at stake, he was forced to enter a close game against the New York Giants and make his career debut, because both starting quarterback Danny White and backup Gary Hogeboom had been injured. Pelluer on his second series directed a 72-yard drive (which included a third-and-15 conversion) for the winning touchdown, leading the Cowboys to a victory that clinched the division title. In 1986, he was named the backup quarterback after Hogeboom was traded. When White suffered a season-ending injury in week 9 against the New York Giants, Pelluer nearly rallied the team after completing 28-of-38 passes for 339 yards. He started 6 out of the last 7 games, showing a strong arm and great mobility. Against the Seattle Seahawks, he set the franchise record for consecutive passes completed (14) without an incompletion. He finished with a 1–6 record and was sacked 47 times in 9 starts. In 1987, he began as a backup, but took over White in week 10 against the Miami Dolphins and started 4 out of the last 6 games. He finished with 94 straight passes without throwing an interception. In 1988, at a low point in franchise history, he started 14 of the 16 games, passing for 3,139 yards, 17 touchdowns, rushing for 314 yards (second on the team) and 2 touchdowns, but the team finished just 3–13 (3–11 in his starts). In the seventh game against the Chicago Bears, while sliding feet first, a fierce hit by linebacker Mike Singletary forced him to leave the game with a concussion.. In the eighth game against the Philadelphia Eagles, he completed 32 (second in team history) out of 46 passes for 342 yards. In the fifteenth game against the Washington Redskins, he passed for 333 yards and 3 touchdowns. He was the last quarterback to start and win a game for a Tom Landry-coached team and became one of only 3 quarterbacks in franchise history to pass for more than 3,000 yards in a season, joining Roger Staubach (2 times) and Danny White (4 times). The next year, he asked to be traded, after Jimmy Johnson was hired as the new head coach and drafted two rookie quarterbacks (Troy Aikman and Steve Walsh). On October 17, 1989, he was traded to the Kansas City Chiefs in exchange for a third round draft choice in 1990 (#68-Ron Lewis) and a fourth round draft choice in 1991 (#106-Bill Musgrave). Kansas City Chiefs In 1989, he appeared in 5 regular season games with 3 starts. On November 5, he led his team to a 20–10 win against the Seattle Seahawks and tied a franchise record for rushing yards (69) by a quarterback. In 1990, he appeared in 13 games with no starts, after Steve DeBerg established himself as the team starter during the preseason. On August 7, 1991, he walked out of training camp, before returning on August 19. He was released on August 27 and later re-signed on December 17 to back up Mark Vlasic after DeBerg was injured. Denver Broncos In 1992, he was signed in Plan B free agency by the Denver Broncos and was cut on August 18, before the start of the season. Winnipeg Blue Bombers In 1995, Pelluer signed with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League after being out of football for three years. He was lost for the season after dislocating his shoulder in the second game against the Birmingham Barracudas. Frankfurt Galaxy In 1996, he played with the Frankfurt Galaxy of the World League of American Football, reuniting with head coach Ernie Stautner, who was the defensive coordinator with the Dallas Cowboys. Pelluer was one of the three top quarterbacks in the league and helped his team reach the World Bowl. He returned the next year, but was a reserve player, before deciding to retire at the end of the season. Personal life Pelluer's brother, Scott Pelluer, attended Washington State University and played linebacker for the New Orleans Saints. See also Washington Huskies football statistical leaders References Category:1962 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Yakima, Washington Category:Players of American football from Washington (state) Category:American football quarterbacks Category:Washington Huskies football players Category:Dallas Cowboys players Category:Kansas City Chiefs players Category:Winnipeg Blue Bombers players Category:Frankfurt Galaxy players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Maerdy Branch The Maerdy Branch was a railway branch line in South Wales. Financed and operated by the Taff Vale Railway, on amalgamation it became part of the Great Western Railway in 1923. Designed and mainly operated as a coal mining freight railway, its creation and demise was wholly defined by the South Wales Coalfield. Design The branch was wholly designed, being developed from integrating a series of private industrial track railways with the extension of the Taff Vale Railway from the south at . In 1840, the TVR bought the private Ferndale to Maerdy colliery track, and then extended to it from from 1849. Operations Passenger operations began in 1875, serving interim stations from Porth at (opened 1876), Pontygwaith, Tylorstown, and Ferndale. Though the line had opened up to Maerdy the same year (with the sinking & commissioning of Mardy Colliery), it was not until 1889 that the passenger service was extended there from Ferndale. Passenger traffic was neither heavy nor a major contribution to line finances, and so in 1900 the GWR introduced steam rail motors. Ten or eleven return trips each weekday was the standard service frequency for the branch for most of its life. Closure The last passenger train ran on 13 June 1964 as a result of the Beeching cuts, leaving only the freight service to Mardy Colliery. As a result, the line was reduced to single track working. The line was placed into maintenance only upkeep from June 1986 and subsequently closed completely in August that year, after the coal mined at Mardy was raised at Tower Colliery. Present day The track was lifted in 1996, with the trackbed and most of the bridges left in situ. This formed the canal section of the Taff Trail cycle route. In 2004, Rhondda Cynon Taff council came to an arrange with Network Rail to buy the trackbed from just north of Maerdy Junction to Margaret Street, Pontygwaith and convert it into a relief road for Ynyshir. Construction work started in May 2005, removing the remains of Ynyshir station, the bridges at Llanwonno road and Station street, and the replacement of the Rhondda Fach bridge at Ynyshir and the Ynyshir road bridge. Today the A4233 Porth and Lower Rhondda Fach Relief Road (Porth Bypass), has meant a significant decrease in traffic flows through the main street, Ynyshir Road. In April 2019, a local group of enthusiasts looking to improve the local economic outlook by bringing tourists to the area, proposed reinstating the 3 miles of track north of Tylorstown to Meardy. The proposal includes reinstatement of some stations and former industrial buildings. References Category:Taff Vale Railway Category:Mining railways Category:Railway lines in Wales Category:Railway lines opened in 1875 Category:Railway lines closed in 1964	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Rembów, Łask County Rembów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łask, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately north of Łask and south-west of the regional capital Łódź. References Category:Villages in Łask County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Danville National Cemetery (Kentucky) Danville National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Danville, in Boyle County, Kentucky. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it has 394 interments and is currently closed to new interments. Description The Danville National Cemetery is located within the Bellevue Cemetery in Danville. The national cemetery site is located in the north-west corner and containing . It consists of 18 cemetery lots laid off in the form of a rectangle. Near the center of the north side is a bronze plaque inscribed with "Danville National Cemetery" and the seal of the Veterans Administration (now the Department of Veterans Affairs). A square limestone post, with the letters "U. S." inscribed on the upper face, is situated at each corner of the national cemetery. A flagpole, 70 feet high, constructed in 1971, is located just south of the bronze plaque identifying the national cemetery. There are no buildings, walls, or fences within the national cemetery. Graves are marked with upright marble headstones. History When the American Civil War started, the federal government appropriated 18 cemetery lots from what was then Danville City Cemetery. The small lot was designated a National Cemetery in 1862. It is divided into six sections, five of which are for the interment of soldiers, and the other for civilians. The original interments were Union soldiers who died while under care in military hospitals in Danville. A Confederate lot in the city cemetery with 66 interments is next to Danville National Cemetery. During the early months of 1863, Confederate detachments infiltrated among the Union garrisons trying to protect Kentucky. On March 24, 1863, the city of Danville was captured by General John Pegram and his cavalry brigade, despite stout resistance from Colonel Frank Wolford, commander of the First Kentucky Union Cavalry. Danville was also the site of several hospitals which cared for the Civil War wounded. References External links National Cemetery Administration Danville National Cemetery at Find a Grave (note that there are a number of interments listed that are actually interred at Danville VA or Danville IL) Category:Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Kentucky Category:Kentucky in the American Civil War Category:National Register of Historic Places in Danville, Kentucky Category:United States national cemeteries Category:Buildings and structures in Danville, Kentucky Category:Protected areas of Boyle County, Kentucky Category:Historic American Landscapes Survey in Kentucky	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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