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Peter Livius Peter Livius (12 July 1739 – 23 July 1795) was a Portuguese-born lawyer who became the Chief Justice of Quebec. He was born in Lisbon, Portugal, the sixth child of Peter Livius, a German from Hamburg and was sent to school in England by his English mother. He married well and in 1763 moved to the Province of New Hampshire, where his wife's family owned land. In 1764 he made a large gift of books to Harvard University and in return was given an honorary master's degree. In 1765 he became a member of the New Hampshire council and in 1768 was appointed a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He was removed from the bench in 1772 for partiality and returned to England on an unsuccessful mission to fight his case. He decided to stay on in England to improve his credentials and reputation. In 1773 a gift of elk horns to the Royal Society got him elected as a Fellow. He entered the Middle Temple to study law and was called to the bar in 1775, also receiving an honorary DCL from Oxford University. He then managed to secure the position of judge of the Court of Common Pleas and judge of the Court of Vice-Admiralty in Montreal. He arrived in Quebec just prior to the American siege of the town in 1775 and was rewarded for his defensive activities in August 1776 with the post of Chief Justice of Quebec and an ex-officio place on the Council. However, a secret letter from Livius to the enemy commander was intercepted and resulted in Livius being deprived of his estates. After further clashes with Governor Guy Carleton he was dismissed from his post by the Governor in 1778. Again he fled to London to plead his case, successfully this time, but his return to Quebec in 1780 was thwarted by adverse sailing conditions. He was finally relieved of his position as Chief Justice in 1786, without ever having attempted a second time to return to Quebec. He lived thereafter on a pension. He died in 1795 on a trip to Brighton. He had married Anna Elizabeth, the daughter of Colonel John Tufton Mason. References Category:1739 births Category:1795 deaths Category:People from Lisbon Category:Chief justices Category:Fellows of the Royal Society Category:Province of Quebec (1763–1791) judges	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Siman Siman () may refer to: Siman, Kermanshah Siman, Razavi Khorasan Si Siman, entertainment executive Scott Siman, entertainment executive, son of Si Siman See also Semaan SIMAN	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of 1994 box office number-one films in the United Kingdom This is a list of films which have placed number one at the weekend box office in the United Kingdom during 1994. See also List of British films — British films by year 1994 Category:Lists of 1994 box office number-one films Box office number-one films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Harry Butler (rugby league) Harry Butler (1887–1965) was a pioneer Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s and 1910s. A New South Wales representative, Butler played for South Sydney in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition, as a . Playing career Butler began his career for Souths in the first ever season of the NSWRL competition and played in South Sydney's first ever game as a club when they played against North Sydney at Birchgrove Oval. Butler was a member of Souths first ever premiership winning team defeating Eastern Suburbs 14-12 at the Royal Agricultural Showground. The following year, Butler won his second premiership as a Souths player when South Sydney won the grand final against Balmain by default. Souths were due to play Balmain but the club boycotted the match. South Sydney attended the game, kicked off to an invisible opposition, scored a try and were declared premiers. In 1910, Butler played in the 1910 grand final draw against Newtown which ended 4-4. Newtown won the premiership due to them finishing as minor premiers in the regular season. Butler played a further five seasons for the club and retired at the end of 1915. References Category:1887 births Category:Australian rugby league players Category:South Sydney Rabbitohs players Category:New South Wales rugby league team players Category:1965 deaths Category:Rugby league players from Sydney Category:Rugby league locks	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Cem Özdemir Cem Özdemir (, ; born 21 December 1965) is a German politician of the German political party Alliance '90/The Greens. Between 2008 and 2018, Özdemir served as co-chair of the Green Party, together with Claudia Roth and later Simone Peter. He has been a Member of the German Bundestag since 2013 and he was a Member of the German Bundestag between 1994 and 2002 and of the European Parliament between 2004 and 2009. He was standing as one of the top two Greens candidates for the 2017 German federal election. Since 2018, he has been serving as Chairman of the Committee on Transport. Life and work Born in Bad Urach, a small town in the hills between Stuttgart and Ulm, Cem Özdemir is the son of a Turkish gastarbeiter ("guest worker") of Circassian provenance, hailing from Tokat, Turkey; in 1983 he and his immigrant parents acquired German citizenship. After graduating from a German Hauptschule and a Realschule Özdemir completed an apprenticeship, becoming an early childhood educator. After qualifying for advanced technical college entrance he studied social pedagogy at the Evangelical Technical College () in Reutlingen, Germany. After completing his studies in 1987, Cem Özdemir worked as an educator and a freelance journalist. Özdemir describes himself as a "secular Muslim" and is married to the Argentine journalist Pía María Castro. They have two children: a son and a daughter. Political career Beginnings Özdemir has been a member of the Green Party since 1981, originally in the district chapter of Ludwigsburg. Between 1989 and 1994 he was a member in the State Executive (Landesvorstand) of the Green Party in Baden-Württemberg. During that time he was one of the founding members of Immi-Grün – Bündnis der neuen InländerInnen, an alliance of InländerInnen (locals), as opposed to the German word Ausländer (foreigners). Member of the German Bundestag, 1994–2002 From 1994 until 2002, Özdemir was a member of the German Bundestag; along with Leyla Onur of the Social Democrats, he was the first person of Turkish descent ever elected to the country's federal parliament. From 1998 until 2002, he was a member of the Committee on Home Affairs and served as his parliamentary group's spokesperson on this issue. In this capacity, he advocated for reforms to Germany's citizenship laws. In addition, he was the chairman of the German-Turkish Parliamentary Friendship Group. In 1999, nine months after the Greens for the first time joined a German federal government under Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, Özdemir was among 40 younger party members of the self-described "youth of the second generation" who declared in a controversial manifesto "[that] we cannot and will not idly watch the moralizing know-it-alls in our party from the founding generation" around Jürgen Trittin. In 2002, Özdemir was accused of violating parliamentary regulations for retaining "Miles & More" frequent-flier miles accrued during official travel as a member of the Bundestag for personal use. He was also criticised for having taken out a credit with Moritz Hunzinger, a German PR consultant and lobbyist, in order to overcome personal financial issues. This affair was also associated with Rudolf Scharping, former German Minister of Defence (1998 – 2002). Subsequently, Özdemir resigned as spokesman for domestic affairs and as a member of the Bundestag. In 2003, Özdemir joined the German Marshall Fund of the United States in Washington, D.C. and Brussels as a Transatlantic Fellow. During his fellowship he gave various speeches and brown bag lectures at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, on the issue of Turkey and Europe. He also researched on the ways that minority groups in the United States and Europe organize themselves politically. Member of the European Parliament, 2004–2009 From 2004 until 2009, Özdemir was a Member of the European Parliament in the parliamentary group The Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA). During that time he served as the group's spokesperson on foreign policy and a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs (AFET). In addition, he served as the European Parliament's rapporteur on Central Asia and as vice chair of the Permanent Ad Hoc Delegation for Relations with Iraq. Between 2006 and 2007, Özdemir also served as vice president of the "CIA Committee" (Temporary Committee on the alleged use of European countries by the CIA for the transport and illegal detention of prisoners). Co-chair of the Green Party, 2009–2013 On 2 June 2008, Özdemir announced his candidacy as co-chair of his party. Özdemir's rival candidate was Volker Ratzmann, leader of the Green parliamentary group in the Berlin House of Representatives, who eventually withdrew his candidacy on 4 September 2008 for personal reasons. In the run-up to the party co-chair elections, Özdemir also ran for a promising party list position for the 2009 German elections at the federal state party conference of Baden-Württemberg. In two separate runs he lost to his respective direct opponents. Nevertheless, Özdemir adhered to his candidacy for the party chairmanship. Since 15 November 2008, Özdemir has been one of two co-chairs of Alliance '90/The Greens. He received 79.2 percent of the delegate votes. In the 2009 elections, Özdemir was not elected to the Bundestag. As a candidate in the constituency of Stuttgart I, which covers south Stuttgart he polled 29.9%, but lost to Stefan Kaufmann, the candidate of the CDU. Member of the German Bundestag, 2013–present Özdemir re-entered the Bundestag as a result of the 2013 elections. He serves as deputy chairman of the German-Chinese Parliamentary Friendship Group. Since 2018, he has been chairing the Committee on Transport. Following the annoucement of Fritz Kuhn to not seek re-election as Mayor of Stuttgart, Özdemir was widely considered a potential successor. Shortly after, he decided not to run for the position. Political positions European integration In 2011, Özdemir called for European Union citizens to get more direct influence in European affairs via plebiscites on key policy issues. Amid the 2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Özdemir proposed making an EU bailout for Cyprus conditional on reviving talks about reunification of the island divided since 1974. Relations with Russia In 2011, Özdemir stepped down from the Quadriga Award's board of trustees to protest the nonprofit group's decision to honor Prime Minister Vladimir Putin of Russia. The groups decision sparked a public outcry and the annual prize ceremony was later canceled. After a two-day visit to Armenia, Özdemir tweeted in reference to Armenia's recent accession into the Eurasian Economic Union that "The closer Yerevan moves towards Putin's Russia, the less freedom for media, NGOs, LGBT. People want open society." Relations with Turkey Özdemir opposes the accession of Turkey to the European Union under President Erdogan. When Özdemir criticised Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of Turkey in a speech he delivered in Cologne in May 2014, Erdoğan personally targeted Özdemir during one of his party's group meetings in the parliament declaring him "a so-called Turk" and described his criticisms as "very ugly." Upon Erdoğan's attacks, the Turkish ambassador in Berlin, Hüseyin Avni Karslıoğlu, was summoned to the German Foreign Office and was informed about Germany's unease on the prime minister's remarks. Soon after, Özdemir told Spiegel Online it would be "irresponsible" for German intelligence services not to target Turkey given its location as a transit country for Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant militants from Europe. Özdemir has also been critical of Turkey's mass arrests and crackdown on dissent following a failed coup attempt in July 2016. He was put under police protection at the 2018 Munich Security Conference after meeting Turkey's delegation in his hotel. Özdemir condemned the Turkish invasion of northern Syria aimed at ousting U.S.-backed Syrian Kurds from the enclave of Afrin. After meeting with Turkish officials in Munich, Özdemir received special police protection after being called a "terrorist" and receiving various other threats from the Turkish delegation. Relations with Saudi Arabia Özdemir called for the German government to stop giving contracts to the American consultancy firm McKinsey & Company, which was accused of gathering information for the Saudi Arabia's regime about its critics. Armenian genocide On 12 March 2015 Özdemir visited the Armenian Genocide memorial in Yerevan, Armenia and declared his formal recognition of the Armenian Genocide and called on Turkey to recognize it as well. In an interview he stated: "I think that Germany should obviously refer to the Armenian Genocide issue. As a friend of two countries, we should help to open the Armenian-Turkish border. As a friend of both countries, we should exert effort, so that the Armenian-Turkish relations become like the French-German or Polish-German relations." In 2016 Özdemir initiated a resolution in the Bundestag that would formally classify the 1915 massacres as genocide. The resolution passed on 2 June 2016 with what Speaker Norbert Lammert called a "remarkable majority." At the time, Özdemir emphasized that the resolution was not designed to point fingers at others but rather to acknowledge Germany's partial responsibility for the genocide. In 1915, the German Empire was an ally of the Ottoman Empire and failed to condemn the violence. After the Bundestag's approval of the resolution he received multiple death threats. Legalization of cannabis Özdemir advocates legalizing cannabis. In December 2014, his parliamentary immunity from prosecution was lifted when Berlin prosecutors opened an investigation into suspected growing of drugs after an Ice Bucket Challenge video showed him with a cannabis plant in the background. In a subsequent interview with Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, Özdemir stated that "in a free society it should be up to each individual person to decide whether they want to consume cannabis and take the associated risks." The United Nations Özdemir is a supporter of the Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, an organisation which campaigns for democratic reformation of the United Nations. He believes it is necessary "to give voice to every citizen, woman and man, all over the world; to create legitimacy by true representation, and to enhance political responsibility of the states' leaders." Relations with the African continent Özdemir has in the past voted in favor of German participation in United Nations peacekeeping missions as well as in United Nations-mandated European Union peacekeeping missions on the African continent, such as in Darfur/Sudan (2013, 2015 and 2016), South Sudan (2013, 2015 and 2016), Mali (2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017), the Central African Republic (2014) and Liberia (2015). On Somalia, Özdemir has a mixed voting record. He has at times voted in favor of Operation Atalanta (2016 and 2017) but also abstained from votes on extending the mandate for the mission (2014 and 2015). He also voted against German participation in EUTM Somalia (2014) or abstained (2015, 2016 and 2017). Other activities Berlin office of the American Jewish Committee (AJC), Member of the Advisory Board Das Progressive Zentrum, Member of the Circle of Friends Deutsche Telekom, Yes, I can! Initiative for Children and Young People, Member of the Board of Trustees European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), Founding Member German Association for Small and Medium-Sized Businesses (BVMW), Member of the Political Advisory Board German-Turkish Forum of Stuttgart, Member of the Board of Trustees Stiftung neue verantwortung, Member of the Presidium Theodor Heuss Foundation, Member of the Board of Trustees Amadeu Antonio Foundation, Founding Member Berlin Center for Torture Victims, Member of the Advisory Board (1998–2002) ZDF, Member of the Television Board (2009–2013) Recognition 2018 – Ramer Award for Courage in the Defense of Democracy 2011 – Foreign Policy List of Top Global Thinkers 2009 – Honorary doctorate of the Tunceli University 1996 – Theodor Heuss Medal Bibliography Currywurst und Döner – Integration in Deutschland Ich bin Inländer (autobiography) Die Türkei: Politik, Religion, Kultur References External links Category:1965 births Category:Living people Category:People from Bad Urach Category:German Muslims Category:German people of Turkish descent Category:20th-century German educators Category:Alliance 90/The Greens politicians Category:Members of the Bundestag for Baden-Württemberg Category:MEPs for Germany 2004–2009 Category:Turkish people of Circassian descent Category:Alliance 90/The Greens MEPs Category:German politicians of Turkish descent Category:German people of Circassian descent	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Frances Wagner Frances Joan Estelle Wagner (28 May 1927 – 8 November 2016) was a Canadian paleontologist and public servant. Specializing in the use of micropaleontology to study marine geology, she was one of the first female scientists to be permitted to conduct fieldwork by the Geological Survey of Canada, and in 1973 was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society in recognition of her achievements and scientific research. Early life and education Born on 28 May 1927 in Hamilton, Ontario, Wagner was the daughter of Muriel (née Konkle) and Harold Wagner. She had one younger brother, David, with whom she spent many hours of her youth exploring the flora, fauna and geology of the Canadian Shield around her family's Muskoka vacation cottage on Mary Lake. In addition to exploration of the natural environment, Wagner's love of the outdoors also meant she became an accomplished canoeist, long distance swimmer, and horsewoman. Wagner graduated with a BA degree from the University of Toronto in 1948, having specialized in paleontology, and remained at the same institution to complete an MA in invertebrate paleontology in 1950. Her research work for this higher degree focused on the stratigraphy and fauna of an Ordovician limestone sequence within a small quarry to the northeast of Ottawa. During the middle summer of her MA studies, in 1949, Wagner was employed by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) to catalogue samples at the Victoria Museum in Ottawa, and she began work full-time with the GSC on her 23rd birthday in May 1950. After a year in the field, she went to Stanford University where she earned her doctorate in Pleistocene paleontology. Her PhD, completed in 1954, focused on micropaleontology. Research career At the time of her hiring by the GSC, Wagner was one of only three female research scientists working within the survey, alongside fellow paleontologist Alice Wilson, and sedimentologist and oil field geologist Helen Belyea; Wilson was instrumental in bringing Wagner into the organization. Personal life Frances Wagner died at the age of 89, on 8 November 2016 in Falmouth, Nova Scotia. References Category:1927 births Category:2016 deaths Category:Canadian geologists Category:Canadian paleontologists Category:Geological Survey of Canada personnel Category:20th-century women scientists Category:Canadian women geologists Category:Women paleontologists Category:People from Hamilton, Ontario Category:Canadian women scientists Category:Paleontology in Ontario Category:University of Toronto alumni Category:Stanford University alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
George Hamilton Kenrick Sir George Hamilton Kenrick FRES (1850 – 28 May 1939) was an English entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera especially those of New Guinea. He was a prominent liberal educationist and was a councillor in Birmingham. Life Kenrick was born in 1850. He was the son of Timothy Kenrick from Edgbaston and the grandson of Archibald Kenrick, founder of the cutlery firm Archibald Kenrick & Sons in West Bromwich. After completing his education in Brighton and at University College, London, he worked for two years as an engineer at Nettlefolds in Smethwick, where his brother was a director. He then joined his father's company, where he was chairman for many years. Kenrick engaged with the local primary and higher education policy and at the age of 30 he became a member of the school board in Birmingham after the resignation of Dr Dale. He promoted physical training in schools and promoted sports setting up a Kenrick Shield in 1883. In 1908, he served for a year as Lord Mayor of Birmingham. His collection of world butterflies and moths is in Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery, except the types which are in the Natural History Museum, London. At the beginning of the 20th century Kenrick began writing about tropical butterflies. He sent the naturalist Antwerp Edgar Pratt and his two sons, Carl Brenders Pratt and Felix Biet Pratt 1902-1903 to the British part of New Guinea and from 1909 to 1910 into Arfak Mountains to Dutch New Guinea. Both expeditions, in which hundreds of new species of butterfly (including the Birdwing Ornithoptera rothschildi) were discovered, were very successful. In the 1930s, Kenrick sold his butterfly collection at the Birmingham Natural History Museum. Kenrick was a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society (FRES). Kenrick was knighted by King Edward VII in 1909, during a royal visit to Birmingham, while he was Lord Mayor. Publications (1907) A list of moths of the family Pyralidae collected by A.E. Pratt in British New Guinea in 1902-3, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1907: 68-87 (1909) Descriptions of some new species of the genus Delias from North New Guinea, recently collected by Mr. C. E. Pratt. - Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 8) 4: 176-183, pis 6, 7. (1911) Some undescribed Butterflies from Dutch New Guinea Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1911 (1): 16-20, pl. 3-4 . (1912) A List of Moths of the Family Pyralidae collected by Felix B.Pratt and Charles B. Pratt in Dutch New Guinea in 1909-1910; with Descriptions of new Species. - Proc. of the Zoological Soc. of London 1912 (2): 546-555, pl.68 (1914a) New or little known Heterocera from Madagascar. - Transactions of the entomological Society of London 1913(4):587–602, pls. 31–32. (1917) New or little-known Heterocera from Madagascar. - Transactions of the entomological Society of London 1917:85–101, pls. 1–6. References Sources Anonym 1939: [Kenrick, G. H.] Entomologist's Record & Journal of Variation 51 116 Category:English entomologists Category:Fellows of the Royal Entomological Society Category:Lepidopterists Category:1850 births Category:1939 deaths Category:Lord Mayors of Birmingham, West Midlands	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Firdousi (crater) Firdousi is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 98 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 2010. Firdousi is named for the Iranian poet Hakim Ferdowsi, who lived from 940 to 1020. References Category:Ferdowsi Category:Impact craters on Mercury	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Transrapid Transrapid is a German-developed high-speed monorail train using magnetic levitation. Planning for the Transrapid system started in 1969 with a test facility for the system in Emsland, Germany completed in 1987. In 1991 technical readiness for application was approved by the Deutsche Bundesbahn in cooperation with renowned universities. The last version, the Transrapid 09, is designed for a cruising speed of 500 km/h (311 mph) and allows acceleration and deceleration of approximately 1 m/s2 (2.24 mph/s). In 2002, the first commercial implementation was completed — the Shanghai Maglev Train, which connects the city of Shanghai's rapid transit network to Shanghai Pudong International Airport. The Transrapid system has not yet been deployed on a long-distance intercity line. The system is developed and marketed by Transrapid International, a joint venture of Siemens and ThyssenKrupp. At the end of 2011 the operating license for the Emsland test track expired, and it closed down. In early 2012, demolition and reconversion of the entire Emsland site including the factory was approved. In September 2017 there were plans to use the last Transrapid 09 as a conference and museum space on the grounds of Fleischwarenfabrik Kemper. Technology Levitation The super-speed Transrapid maglev system has no wheels, no axles, no gear transmissions, no steel rails, and no overhead electrical pantographs. The maglev vehicles do not roll on wheels; rather, they hover above the track guideway, using the attractive magnetic force between two linear arrays of electromagnetic coils—one side of the coil on the vehicle, the other side in the track guideway, which function together as a magnetic dipole. During levitation and travelling operation, the Transrapid maglev vehicle floats on a frictionless magnetic cushion with no mechanical contact whatsoever with the track guideway. On-board vehicle electronic systems measure the dipole gap distance 100,000 times per second to guarantee the clearance between the coils attached to the underside of the guideway and the magnetic portion of the vehicle wrapped around the guideway edges. With this precise, constantly updated electronic control, the dipole gap remains nominally constant at . When levitated, the maglev vehicle has about of clearance above the guideway surface. The Transrapid maglev vehicle requires less power to hover than it needs to run its on-board air conditioning equipment. In Transrapid vehicle versions TR08 and earlier, when travelling at speeds below , the vehicle levitation system and all on-board vehicle electronics were supplied with power through physical connections to the track guideway. At vehicle speeds above , all on-board power was supplied by recovered harmonic oscillation of the magnetic fields created from the track’s linear stator. (Since these oscillations are parasitic, they cannot be used for vehicle propulsion). A new energy transmission system, version TR09, has since been developed for Transrapid, in which maglev vehicles now require no physical contact with the track guideway for their on-board power needs, regardless of the maglev vehicle speed. This feature helps to reduce on-going maintenance and operational costs. In case of power failure of the track’s propulsion system, the maglev vehicle can use on-board backup batteries to temporarily power the vehicle's levitation system. Propulsion The Transrapid maglev system uses a synchronous longstator linear motor for both propulsion and braking. It works like a rotating electric motor whose stator is "unrolled" along the underside of the guideway; instead of producing torque (rotation) it produces a linear force along its length. The electromagnets in the maglev vehicle which lift it also work as the equivalent of the excitation portion (rotor) of this linear electric motor. Since the magnetic travelling field works in only one direction, if there were to be several maglev trains on a given track section, they would all travel in the same direction thereby reducing the possibility of collision between moving trains. Energy requirements The normal energy consumption of the Transrapid is approximately per section for levitation and travel, and vehicle control. The drag coefficient of the Transrapid is about 0.26. The aerodynamic drag of the vehicle, which has a frontal cross section of , requires a power consumption, at or cruising speed, given by the following formula: Power consumption compares favourably with other high-speed rail systems. With an efficiency of 0.85, the power required is about 4.2 MW. Energy consumption for levitation and guidance purposes equates to approximately 1.7 kW/t. As the propulsion system is also capable of functioning in reverse, energy is transferred back into the electrical grid during braking. An exception to this is when an emergency stop is performed using the emergency landing skids beneath the vehicle, although this method of bringing the vehicle to a stop is intended only as a last resort should it be impossible or undesirable to keep the vehicle levitating on back-up power to a natural halt. Market segment, ecological impact and historical parallels Compared to classical railway lines, Transrapid allows higher speeds and gradients with lower wear and tear and even lower energy consumption and maintenance needs. The Transrapid track is more flexible, and therefore more easily adapted to specific geographical circumstances than a classical train system. Cargo is restricted to a maximum payload of per car. Transrapid allows maximum speeds of , placing it between conventional high speed trains () and air traffic (). The magnetic field generator, an important part of the engine being a part of the track, limits the system capacity. From a competition standpoint, the Transrapid is a proprietary solution. The track being a part of the engine, only the single-source Transrapid vehicles and infrastructure can be operated. There is no multisourcing foreseen concerning vehicles or the highly complicated crossings and switches. Unlike classical railways or other infrastructure networks, as jointly administrated by the Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur) in Germany, a Transrapid system does not allow any direct competition. Ecological impact The Transrapid is an electrically driven, clean, high-speed, high-capacity means of transport able to build up point-to-point passenger connections in geographically challenged surroundings. This has to be set in comparison with the impact on heritage and or landscape protection areas (compare Waldschlösschen Bridge). Any impact of emissions has to take into account the source of electrical energy. The reduced expense, noise and vibration of a people-only Transrapid system versus a cargo train track is not directly comparable. The reuse of existing tracks and the interfacing with existing networks is limited. The Transrapid indirectly competes for resources, space and tracks in urban and city surroundings with classical urban transport systems and high speed trains. Comparative costs Track construction cost The fully elevated Shanghai Maglev was built at a cost of US$1.33 billion over a length of including trains and stations. Thus the cost per km for dual track was US$43.6 million, including trains and stations. This was the first commercial use of the technology. Since then conventional fast rail track has been mass-produced in China for between US$4.6 and US$30.8 million per kilometer, mostly in rural areas. (See High-speed rail in China). In 2008 Transrapid Australia quoted the Victoria State Government A$34 million per kilometer for dual track. This assumed 50% of the track was at grade and 50% was elevated. In comparison, the Regional Rail Link to be built in Victoria will cost A$5 billion, or A$105 million per kilometer, including two stations. From the above it is not possible to say whether Transrapid or conventional fast rail track would be cheaper for a particular application. The higher operating speed of the maglev system will result in more passengers being delivered over the same distance in a set time. The ability of the Transrapid system to handle tighter turns and steeper gradients could heavily influence a cost comparison for a particular project. Train purchase cost In 2008, Transrapid Australia quoted the Victoria State Government between A$16.5 million (commuter) and A$20 million (luxury) per trains section or carriage. Due to the width of the Transrapid carriages they have a floor area of about . This works out at between A$179,000 and A$217,000 per square meter. In comparison, InterCityExpress which are also built by Siemens cost about A$6 million per carriage. Due to the width of the ICE carriages they have a floor area of about . This works out at about A$83,000 per square meter. This shows Transrapid train sets are likely to cost over twice as much as ICE 3 conventional fast rail train sets at this time. However each Transrapid train set is more than twice as efficient due to their faster operating speed and acceleration according to UK Ultraspeed. In their case study only 44% as many Transrapid train sets are needed to deliver the same number of passengers as conventional high-speed trains. Operational cost Transrapid claims their system has very low maintenance costs compared to conventional high speed rail systems due to the non-contact nature of their system. Critics Critical voices, such as Rod Eddington refer to recent developments of railway and other competing technologies and draw parallels between Transrapid and previous high technology hypes without broad market impact outside niche applications. Implementations China The only commercial implementation so far was in the year 2000, when the Chinese government ordered a Transrapid track to be built connecting Shanghai to its Pudong International Airport. It was inaugurated in 2002 and regular daily trips started in March 2004. The travel speed is , which the Maglev train maintains for 50 seconds as the short, , track only allows the cruising speed to be maintained for a short time before deceleration must begin. The average number of riders per day (14 hours of operation) is about 7,500, while the maximum seating capacity per train is 440. A second class ticket price of about 50 RMB (renminbi) (about 6 euro) is four times the price of the airport bus and ten times more expensive than a comparable underground ticket. The project was sponsored by the German Hermes loans with DM 200 million. The total cost is believed to be $1.33 billion. A planned extension of the line to Shanghai Hongqiao Airport () and onward to the city of Hangzhou () has been repeatedly delayed. Originally planned to be ready for Expo 2010, final approval was granted on 18 August 2008, and construction was scheduled to start in 2010 for completion in 2014. However the plan is cancelled, possibly due to the building of the high speed Shanghai–Hangzhou Passenger Railway. Germany The Emsland test facility was the only Transrapid track in Germany. It has been deactivated, and is scheduled to be disassembled. Planned systems Iran In 2007 Iran and a German company reached an agreement on using maglev trains to link the cities of Tehran and Mashhad. The agreement was signed at the Mashhad International Fair site between Iranian Ministry of Roads and Transportation and the German company. Maglev trains can reduce the travel time for traversing the between Tehran and Mashhad to about 2.5 hours. Munich-based Schlegel Consulting Engineers said they had signed the contract with the Iranian ministry of transport and the governor of Mashad. "We have been mandated to lead a German consortium in this project," a spokesman said. "We are in a preparatory phase." The next step will be to assemble a consortium, a process that is expected to take place "in the coming months," the spokesman said. The project could be worth between 10 billion and 12 billion euros, the Schlegel spokesman said. Siemens and ThyssenKrupp, the developers of a high-speed maglev train, called the Transrapid, both said they were unaware of the proposal. The Schlegel spokesman said Siemens and ThyssenKrupp were currently "not involved" in the consortium. Switzerland SwissRapide AG in co-operation with the SwissRapide Consortium is developing and promoting an above-ground magnetic levitation (Maglev) monorail system, based on the Transrapid technology. The first projects planned are the lines Bern – Zurich, Lausanne – Geneva as well as Zurich – Winterthur. Colorado I-70 Transrapid is one of a number of companies seeking to build a high speed transit system parallel to the I-70 Interstate in the US state of Colorado. Submissions put forward say that maglev offers significantly better performance than rail given the harsh climate and terrain. No technology has been preferred as of November 2013 with construction slated to begin in 2020. Los Angeles to Las Vegas The California–Nevada Interstate Maglev project is a proposed 269 mi (433 km) line from Las Vegas, Nevada to Anaheim, California. One segment would run from Las Vegas to Primm, Nevada, with proposed service to the Las Vegas area's forthcoming Ivanpah Valley Airport. The top speed would be 310 mph (500 km/h). In August 2014 the backers of the scheme were seeking to revive interest in it. Other US There have been several other evaluations conducted in the US including Washington DC to Baltimore, Chattanooga to Atlanta and Pittsburgh to Philadelphia. So far no project has been started. See List of maglev train proposals:United States Tenerife A two line, 120-kilometers (75-mile) long system has been proposed for the island of Tenerife, which is visited by five million tourists per year. It would connect the island capital Santa Cruz in the north with Costa Adeje in the south and Los Realejos in the northwest with a maximum speed of 270 km/h (169 mph). The estimated cost is €3 billion. Transrapid has advantages over a conventional rail plans which would require 35% of its route in tunnels because of the steep terrain on the island. Rejected systems Germany High-speed competition The Transrapid originated as one of several competing concepts for new land-based high-speed public transportation developed in Germany. In this competition, the Transrapid primarily competed with the InterCityExpress (ICE), a high-speed rail system based on "traditional" railway technology. The ICE “won” in that it was adopted nationwide in Germany, however Transrapid development continued. A number of studies for possible Transrapid lines were conducted after the ICE had entered service, including a long-distance line from Hamburg to Berlin. Munich link The most recent German Transrapid line project, and the one that came closest to being built, having previously been approved, was an airport connection track from Munich Central Station to Munich Airport, a project. The connection between the train station and airport was close to being built, but was cancelled on 27 March 2008, by the German government due to a massive overrun in costs. Prior to the cancellation, the governing party, the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU), faced internal and local resistance, in particular from communities along the proposed route. The CSU had planned to position Transrapid as an example of future technology and innovation in Bavaria. German federal transport minister Wolfgang Tiefensee announced the decision after a crisis meeting in Berlin at which industry representatives reportedly revealed that costs had risen from €1.85 billion to well over €3 billion ($4.7 billion). This rise in projected costs, however was mostly due to the cost estimates of the construction of the tunnel and related civil engineering after the designated operator Deutsche Bahn AG shifted most of the risk-sharing towards its subcontractors - and not due to the cost of the maglev technology. United Kingdom The Transrapid was rejected in 2007 by the UK government for a maglev link between London and Glasgow, via Birmingham, Liverpool/Manchester, Leeds, Teesside, Newcastle and Edinburgh. Incidents September 2006 accident On 22 September 2006, a Transrapid train collided with a maintenance vehicle at on the test track in Lathen, Germany. The maintenance vehicle destroyed the first section of the train, then lifted off the track to complete two full rotations before landing in a pile of pre-exploded debris. This was the first major accident involving a Transrapid train. The news media reported 23 fatalities and that several people were severely injured, these being the first fatalities on any maglev. The accident was caused by human error with the first train being allowed to leave the station before the maintenance vehicle had moved off the track. This situation could be avoided in a production environment by installing an automatic collision avoidance system. SMT fire accident On 11 August 2006, a Transrapid train running on the Shanghai Maglev Line caught fire. The fire was quickly put out by Shanghai's firemen. It was reported that the vehicle's on-board batteries may have caused the fire. Alleged theft of Transrapid technology In April 2006, new announcements by Chinese officials planning to cut maglev rail costs by a third stirred some strong comments by various German officials and more diplomatic statements of concern from Transrapid officials. Deutsche Welle reported that the China Daily had quoted the State Council encouraging engineers to "learn and absorb foreign advanced technologies while making further innovations." Development history and versions See also Aérotrain High-speed rail – for an overview of competitors to this system JR-Maglev Land speed record for railed vehicles Magnetic levitation train References External links ThyssenKrupp Transrapid GmbH Der Transrapid 08 in Lathen und seine Vorgänger Comparison of wheel-rail technology and maglev technology Transrapid timeline Transrapid Photos China & GER, by International Maglev Board Further Reading - Link to PDF Documents about Transrapid Category:Electrodynamics Category:Emerging technologies Category:Experimental and prototype high-speed trains Category:High-speed trains of Germany Category:Land speed record rail vehicles Category:Magnetic levitation Category:Magnetic propulsion devices Category:Monorails Category:Siemens products	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Aura Mayfair Aura Mayfair was a nightclub located on St James's Street in Mayfair, London. In 2010, Tony Fernandes led a consortium that took over the club. The club was owned by Merlot 73 Ltd, in which Fernandes had a 30% stake, and run by Alberto Barbieri. Notable guests included Rihanna, James Arthur, Drake, Ne-Yo, Tamara Ecclestone and Usher. In January 2011, Madonna was rumoured to be buying into the club after numerous visits and meetings with owners. References External links Aura Guestlist Category:Nightclubs in London Category:Buildings and structures in Mayfair Category:Event venues established in 2010 Category:2010 establishments in England Category:2014 disestablishments in England Category:British companies established in 2010	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Caraghnan, New South Wales Caraghnan Parish, New South Wales is a bounded rural locality in Coonamble Shire and a civil parish of Gowen County, New South Wales. The parish located at 31°17′54″S 149°01′04″ is in the Warrumbungle National Park. References Category:Localities in New South Wales Category:Geography of New South Wales Category:Central West (New South Wales)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Know by Heart Know by Heart is the American Analog Set's fourth studio album. It was released on September 4, 2001, and was their first album on Tiger Style Records. The song "The Postman" contains vocals by guest Ben Gibbard of Death Cab for Cutie and the Postal Service. Gibbard later covered the song "Choir Vandals" on Home Series Vol. V, a split EP with the American Analog Set's own Andrew Kenny. "Gone to Earth" first appeared on AmAnSet's 1996 album The Fun of Watching Fireworks. "Aaron and Maria" was included in an issue of CMJ New Music Monthly in 2002. Track listing References Category:2001 albums Category:The American Analog Set albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Vilma Ibarra Vilma Lidia Ibarra (born May 21, 1960) is an Argentine politician, formerly Senator for Buenos Aires and now a National Deputy. She is the sister of Aníbal Ibarra, the former Chief of the Buenos Aires government. Ibarra was born in Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires Province and moved to the city of Buenos Aires in 1966. She studied at the Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires where she led the communist youth wing. She graduated in law at the University of Buenos Aires and worked as a lawyer. In 1996, Ibarra became a national deputy and Secretary of the FrePaSo block in the Chamber. In 1999 she was elected to the Senate. In 2000 she became a city councillor in Buenos Aires, taking a leading role in her brother's administration. In 2001 she was re-elected to the Senate. Since 2003 she has been a supporter of Peronist President Néstor Kirchner. In August 2004, Ibarra proposed legislation to legalise abortion in certain circumstances. In 2007 she suggested legislative changes to permit same sex marriage. In 2007, Ibarra stepped down from the Senate and was re-elected as a national deputy for Buenos Aires, second on the list of Kirchner's Front for Victory. She sits in the Popular and Social Encounter block. External links Senate profile Interview La Nación, 12 February 2006 (Spanish) Category:1960 births Category:Living people Category:People from Lomas de Zamora Category:Members of the Argentine Senate Category:Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies Category:Front for a Country in Solidarity politicians Category:Women members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies Category:Argentine people of Basque descent Category:Argentine people of Paraguayan descent Category:Women members of the Argentine Senate	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bart Ramselaar Bart Ramselaar (born 29 June 1996) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for FC Utrecht in the Eredivisie. He came off the bench on the 15 April 2018 as PSV beat rivals Ajax 3–0 to clinch the 2017–18 Eredivisie title. International career Ramselaar received his first call up to represent the senior Netherlands team in May 2016 for friendly matches against Ireland and Austria. Honours PSV Eredivisie: 2017–18 References External links Voetbal International profile Category:1996 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Amersfoort Category:Association football midfielders Category:Dutch footballers Category:Netherlands international footballers Category:Netherlands under-21 international footballers Category:Netherlands youth international footballers Category:FC Utrecht players Category:PSV Eindhoven players Category:Jong PSV players Category:Eredivisie players Category:Eerste Divisie players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Wenn die leere Seele zur Hölle fährt Wenn die leere Seele zur Hölle fährt is an EP by Gnaw Their Tongues, independently released on June 30, 2016. Track listing Personnel Adapted from the Wenn die leere Seele zur Hölle fährt liner notes. Maurice de Jong (as Mories) – vocals, instruments, recording, cover art Release history References External links Wenn die leere Seele zur Hölle fährt at Bandcamp Category:2016 EPs Category:Gnaw Their Tongues albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Eamonn Coleman Eamonn Coleman (; 1947 or 1948 – 11 June 2007) was an Irish Gaelic footballer and later manager. He had two separate stints as manager the Derry senior football team, and his chief success was guiding the county to the victory in the 1993 All-Ireland Championship – Derry's first ever All-Ireland Senior Football Championship title. He also had spells as manager of Armagh, Cavan, Longford and various club sides. Before moving into management he has an accomplished playing career with Derry and his club team Ballymaguigan. Personal life He was born in the small County Londonderry townland of Ballymaguigan on the western shores of Lough Neagh in 1947 or 1948. His son Gary, was also a talented footballer and was left half back on the victorious 1993 Derry team; also winning an All Star for his performances that year. Playing career Inter-county Coleman was part of the Derry minor team that won the Ulster Minor and All-Ireland Minor Championships in 1965, beating Cavan and Kerry in the respective finals. He won an Ulster Under 21 Championship medal with Derry under-21s in 1967. The following year the team defended their Ulster Championship and went on to win the All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship; beating Offaly in the final. Coleman soon progressed into the senior team and in 1970 helped Derry win the Dr. McKenna Cup and Ulster Senior Football Championship. He won a second McKenna Cup medal in 1971. The same side won the Wembley Tournament in both these years. Club At underage level Coleman competed for Ballinderry as there was no underage teams in Ballymaguigan. He was first asked into the Ballymaguigan senior side at just 14 years of age in 1962. That year as a 14/15-year-old he won the Derry Senior Football Championship with the club, scoring 1–2 in the final replay against Castledawson. Ballymaguigan also won that year's Derry League title. He later helped the club to win Derry Junior and Derry Intermediate Championships in 1969 and 1971. Coleman played for Ballinderry in the early 1980s and won a second Derry Championship medal in 1981. While working in County Westmeath, Coleman lined out for Athlone, with whom he won two Westmeath Senior Football Championships in 1979 and 1982. Managerial career Inter-county In 1983 he led the Derry minor side to success in the Ulster Minor and All-Ireland Minor Football Championships. Four of this team would be in his senior winning panel ten years later. They defended the Ulster title with Coleman at the helm in 1984. He led Derry under 21s to victory in the 1985 Ulster Under-21 Football Championship. In 1989 he became Armagh manager alongside Fr. Sean Hegarty. He took over as Derry senior manager in November 1990. In November 1990 Derry were managerless and the Derry County Board rang Coleman and asked him to return home to manage Derry. When he took on the Derry job, the team was languishing in Division 3 of the National Football League. After consecutive promotions, he achieved his first national trophy as Derry senior manager by winning the NFL in 1992. Anthony Tohill scored a late winning goal for Derry in a two-point victory over neighbours Tyrone. The following year Coleman later guided Derry to their best ever year, winning both Ulster and All-Ireland Championships. After beating Donegal in the Ulster Senior Football Championship final, he led Derry to success in the 1993 All-Ireland Championship, beating Dublin in the semi-final and Cork in the final 1–14 to 2–08. Fergal P. McCusker who was on the All-Ireland winning side said "The Derry team would not have been brought together without his skills. He stitched a bunch of guys together and we would have gone through brick walls. We'd have done anything for him. He was the man that inspired you to go that extra yard". Despite his success with Derry in 1993, he was removed as the manager in 1994 after a loss against Down, a game which was described by many as the greatest match of all time. GAA journalist John Haughey described the Derry Board's decision to sack Coleman as "both disgraceful and shortsighted". Many claim if he had been allowed to remain, Derry won have won at least one more All-Ireland in the mid-1990s. He was replaced by Mickey Moran, who had been his assistant. Following a brief flirtation with Longford in the mid-1990s, Coleman drifted into club management in County Cavan. Alongside Adrian McGuckin, Coleman replaced former Dublin footballer Brian Mullins as Derry manager in 1999 and steered Derry to another National League title in 2000. In 2001 Derry reached the All-Ireland semi-final but were beaten by Galway. Coleman won Personality of the Year at the 2001 Ulster GAA Writer's Association Awards, having previously won the award in 1993. He stood down as Derry manager in 2002. In 2003 Coleman became manager of Cavan, but was forced to stand down in 2005, after becoming ill. In 2005 he led Cavan under 21s to the Ulster Under 21 Championship final, but they were defeated by Down. Despite going through chemotherapy at the time, Coleman came into the Derry dressing room before Derry's opening game of the 2006 Championship against reigning All-Ireland champions Tyrone. Joe Brolly said "He delivered a thundering oration and with all the Derry boys, the hairs were standing up on the back of the necks. It was a genuinely motivational speech and to think that just a year on, he's gone. It's very distressing." Derry went on to beat Tyrone comfortably. Club Coleman was manager of the Kildress team that won the 1978 Tyrone Intermediate Football Championship. He emigrated to England to look for work in the late 1980s. He managed the Round Tower's club that won the London Senior Football Championship in 1987. Coleman led Cavan club side Gowna to five Cavan Senior Football Championship titles – 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000 and 2002. College In the late 1980s Coleman was a key figure in the University of Ulster, Jordanstown (UUJ) Sigerson Cup breakthrough team. Along with Belfast man Charlie Sweeney, "wee Eamonn" steered Jordanstown to inter-varsity wins in 1986 and 1987. The team featured Dermot McNicholl and Enda Gormley, who would both be part of Derry's 1993 All-Ireland winning side. Death Eamonn Coleman died on 11 June 2007 after a long battle with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, aged 59. 1958 Texaco Footballer of the Year Jim McKeever described Coleman as a "very significant figure in football in Ireland". Monaghan manager Martin McElkennon, who was coach with Coleman with Cavan and in his second term at Derry said "Eamonn Coleman was a one-off. I would have trusted him with my life". Memorial match A memorial match between the 1993 Derry team and a rest of Ireland select was organised for 7 June 2008 in St. Trea's Ballymaguigan. It was organised to honour Coleman's memory and raise money for five charities (Marie Curie Cancer Care, Foyle Hospice, SMA Fathers, GOAL and Adoption UK). A post-match dinner was also held to raise money with 64 tables of ten, each costing £1,000. A total of £52,500 was raised. Chairman of the Eamonn Coleman Memorial Fund Committee was Eamonn's son Gary. References External links Nicky Brennan Mourns the Death of Coleman Former player Brolly pays tribute to Coleman Derry GAA Website Tribute Category:1948 births Category:2007 deaths Category:Derry inter-county Gaelic footballers Category:Ballymaguigan Gaelic footballers Category:Athlone Gaelic footballers Category:Ballinderry Gaelic footballers Category:Gaelic football managers Category:Deaths from lymphoma	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Montae Reagor William Montae Reagor (; born American football defensive tackle who spent nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Texas Tech University, and he was recognized as an All-American. He was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the second round of the 1999 NFL Draft, and also played for the Broncos, Indianapolis Colts (with whom he won Super Bowl XLI) and Philadelphia Eagles of the NFL. Reagor is currently a coaching intern for the Eagles. His son, Jalen Reagor, is currently a wide receiver on the TCU Horned Frogs. His middle son Dallas Reagor is currently 5'10 195lbs a All-State Northeast Louisiana High running back for Sterlington La and is weighing college offers at the moment. His youngest son Jeremiah Reagor is currently a 6’2 junior defensive tackle at Cherokee Trail High School.His daughter is Taylor Reagor and she attends Carmel High School in Indianapolis, In. Early years Reagor was born in Waxahachie, Texas. He attended Waxahachie High School, and was a standout high school football player for the Waxahachie Indians. College career Reagor attended Texas Tech University, and was a four-year starter for the Texas Tech Red Raiders football team. He started in 41 of 44 career games, and holds the Red Raiders' team record with 24.5 sacks and 47 tackles for loss. As a senior in 1998, he had 96 tackles, seven sacks and 19 tackles for losses, which earned him consensus first-team All-America and first-team All-Big 12 first-team honors. Professional career Denver Broncos Reagor was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the second round of the 1999 NFL Draft. He spent four seasons with the Broncos, from 1999 to 2002. Indianapolis Colts Reagor signed with the Indianapolis Colts in 2003, and continued to play there until the 2006 season. Automobile accident On October 22, 2006, Reagor was involved in an automobile accident on his way to that Sunday's game against the Washington Redskins. Reagor suffered a broken orbital bone and received 35 stitches in the back of his head. Reagor was later placed on the injured reserve list by the Colts and missed the duration of the season. Reagor still has severe facial damage. After the Colts won Super Bowl XLI, the team terminated his contract on March 1, 2007, due to the severity of his injury. Philadelphia Eagles On March 20, 2007, he signed a deal with the Philadelphia Eagles. His signing allowed the Eagles to trade defensive tackle Darwin Walker and a conditional draft pick in 2008 to the Buffalo Bills for linebacker Takeo Spikes and quarterback Kelly Holcomb. Reagor was expected to help Philadelphia's revamped Defensive line. Due to his successful play and return from his severe injuries, Reagor was named as the Philadelphia Eagles recipient for the 2007 Ed Block Courage Award. He was released in the 2008 offseason. Coaching career Reagor became a coaching intern for the Eagles during training camp in 2011. He is currently a teacher and defensive line coach in Ennis, Texas. References Daughter Taylor Reagor Son Jalen Reagor Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:All-American college football players Category:American football defensive tackles Category:Denver Broncos players Category:Indianapolis Colts players Category:People from Waxahachie, Texas Category:Philadelphia Eagles players Category:Players of American football from Texas Category:Texas Tech Red Raiders football players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of listed buildings in Culsalmond, Aberdeenshire This is a list of listed buildings in the parish of Culsalmond in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. List \|} Key See also List of listed buildings in Aberdeenshire Notes References All entries, addresses and coordinates are based on data from Historic Scotland. This data falls under the Open Government Licence Culsalmond	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Prunus tomentosa The Nanking cherry (Prunus tomentosa) is a species of Prunus native to northern and western China (including Tibet), Korea, Mongolia, and possibly northern India (Jammu and Kashmir, though probably only cultivated there). Other common names for P. tomentosa include Korean cherry, Manchu cherry, downy cherry, Shanghai cherry, Ando cherry, mountain cherry, Chinese bush cherry, or Chinese dwarf cherry. Description It is a deciduous shrub, irregular in shape, 0.3–3 m (rarely 4 m) high and possibly somewhat wider. The bark is glabrous and copper-tinted black. The leaves are alternate, 2–7 cm long and 1–3.5 cm broad, oval to obovate, acuminate with irregularly serrate margins, rugose, dark green, pubescent above and tomentose below, with glandular petioles. The flowers are white or pink in a scarlet calyx, opening with or before the leaves in spring. They are reliably profuse, arranged in clusters on scarlet pedicels and are 1.5–2.0 cm in diameter. The fruit is a sweet but slightly tart drupe 5–12 mm (rarely to 25 mm) in diameter, scarlet, ripening in early summer, with a large seed. Though often called a "cherry" and superficially resembling them, Nanking cherry is closer related to plums than true cherries. It prefers full sun and grows naturally in a variety of soils. It is drought-resistant, and cold-resistant to hardiness zone 2. Uses The plant has long been widely cultivated throughout eastern Asia for its flowers and fruit. It was introduced to the British Isles in 1870, and the United States by the Arnold Arboretum in 1892. It is cultivated for a number of purposes. The fruit is edible, being an ingredient of juice, jam, and wine, and in pickled vegetables and mushrooms. It is also grown as an ornamental plant, prized for its flowers and fruit, and pruned for bonsai, twin-trunk or clump shapes, or left upright. It is used for dwarfing rootstock for other cherries. In Manchuria and the Midwest United States, the shrub is planted in hedgerows to provide a windbreak. Under cultivation, it flourishes in well-drained, slightly acidic soil. Several cultivars are grown; examples include 'Graebneriana' (Germany), 'Insularis' (Japan and Korea), 'Leucocarpa' (Manchuria; white fruit), and 'Spaethiana' (Europe). Classification Carl Peter Thunberg described the species from cultivated material collected in Japan between August 1775 and November 1776 while based on Dejima Island in Nagasaki Bay. He published it twice, first in Murray's Systema Vegetabilium, ed. 14 (p. 464) in May–June 1784, and again in Thunberg's Flora Japonica (p. 203) in August 1784. He described the species as "fol. ovatis subtus tomentosis", leaving no doubt that the plant was named from the tomentum, or wooly hairs, on the underside of the leaves. Murray gives credit to Thunberg. See also Montmorency cherry References Category:Cherries Category:Flora of Northeast Asia Category:Flora of China Category:Flora of Korea tomentosa	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ramandeep Singh Ramandeep Singh may refer to: Ramandeep Singh (cricketer) (born 1997), Indian cricketer Ramandeep Singh (field hockey, born 1971) Ramandeep Singh (field hockey, born 1993) Ramandeep Singh (footballer) Ramandeep Singh (medical scientist) Indian medical scientist	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bengkayang Regency Bengkayang Regency () is a regency ("kabupaten") in West Kalimantan Province of Indonesia, (on the island of Borneo). It was originally a part of Sambas Regency, but following the expansion of the population in that area, Sambas Regency was divided into Sambas Regency and Bengkayang Regency, and Singkawang City was subsequently cut out of Bengkayang Regency. The regency now covers an area of 5,075.48 km2, and had a population of 215,277 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimate (for January 2014) is 222,645. Bengkayang is in northern West Kalimantan, sharing a border with Sarawak in Malaysia. With arable land and favourable relief, the agricultural sector is the main economic source. Bengkayang is also rich in natural resources. Bengkayang is still lagging in term of economic development, but there is a hope that providing local autonomy will catalyze development. A water processing plant has been developed, so the population can enjoy access to clean water. Administrative districts The regency is divided into seventeen districts (kecamatan), listed below with their populations at the 2010 Census: Sungai Raya (18,333) Capkala (7,579) Sungai Raya Kepulauan (20,922) Samalantan (18,240) Monterado (24,453) Lembah Bawang (5,191) Bengkayang (23,764) Teriak (12,464) Sungai Betung (8,919) Ledo (11,076) Suti Semarang (4,579) Lumar (5,764) Sanggau Ledo (11,198) Tujuhbelas (11,216) Seluas (17,051) Jagoi Babang (8,277) Siding (6,251) References Category:Regencies of West Kalimantan	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1917 Yale Bulldogs football team The 1917 Yale Bulldogs football team, commonly known in 1917 as the Yale "Informals", represented Yale University in the 1917 college football season. The team compiled an undefeated 3–0 record and outscored opponents by a total of 47 to 0 in games against Loomis Institute (a private boarding school), New Haven Naval Base, and Trinity College. No Yale player received first-team honors on the 1917 College Football All-America Team. Schedule Roster A. D. Hendrickson, left end W. W. Meekins, left tackle G. Williams, left guard H. S. Walters, center A. M. Vorys, right guard K. Hamill, right tackle M. Borders, right end C. J. Stewart, fullback S. L. Reinhardt, right halfback C. G. Stradella, left halfback G. W. O'Connor, quarterback G. M. Sidenberg, substitute guard W. Bushby, substitute halfback J. P. Weyerhauser, substitute center Source: Coaching staff Tad Jones, who had been Yale's head coach in 1916, was called away from Yale for government service during the 1917 season. In his place, Arthur Brides served as the team's coach. Charles J. Stewart was the team captain, and Philip C. Walsh was the team manager. John Mack was the trainer and Brides' chief assistant coach. References Yale Category:Yale Bulldogs football seasons Yale Bulldogs Football	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mohamed Guessous Mohamed Guessous (1938–7 February 2014) was a Moroccan sociologist. He was also an active politician in the Socialist Union of Popular Forces. References Category:People from Fez, Morocco Category:1938 births Category:2014 deaths Category:Socialist Union of Popular Forces politicians Category:Moroccan sociologists Category:Moroccan academics Category:Princeton University alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Goodees The Goodees (Kay Evans, Sandra Jackson and Judy Williams) were an American pop music girl group who enjoyed brief popularity in the late 1960s. Formed in Memphis, Tennessee, the group is best known for the minor hit "Condition Red", a teen melodrama that bore a striking resemblance to the Shangri-Las hit "Leader of the Pack". The three girls became friends while attending Memphis' Messick High School. Interested in music, they started singing at school assemblies and local events. Their “break” came in 1967 when they won a local talent contest. The winning prize included an audition with Stax Records. Stax signed the trio to its newly-formed HIP subsidiary. Goodee Sandra Jackson more recently worked at SoulsVille USA, an on-line museum that chronicles the history of Memphis rhythm and blues. The band's song, "Condition Red", was their only hit, peaking at #46 on the Billboard charts. "Condition Red" can be found on girl-group compilations such as Rhino's One Kiss Can Lead to Another and the first volume of the Where the Girls Are CD series. Their song "Jilted" can be found on volume six of the Where the Girls Are series. Discography In December 2010, Ace Records UK issued a CD compilation, Condition Red! The Complete Goodees. The album contains the entire Candy Coated Goodees LP, four non-LP singles and B-sides, and seven never-before released tracks. Compilation Track listing Condition Red Sad Song For Harry A Little Bit Of You Double Shot Worst that Could Happen Girl Crazy Jilted Didn't Know Love Was So Good My Boyfriend's Back Promises He's A Rebel For A Little While (non-LP single) Would You, Could You (non-LP b-side) Love Is Here (non-LP biside) Goodies (non-LP b-side) Angry Eyes (previously unreleased) Love Me Love (previously unreleased) Show Me How (previously unreleased) Last Of The Good Guys (previously unreleased) Didn't Know Love Was So Good (Alternate Version, previously unreleased) Have You Ever Hurt The One You Love (previously unreleased) Love Pill (previously unreleased) References External links Category:American pop music groups Category:American girl groups Category:Stax Records artists Category:Musical groups established in 1967	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ralph Stafford (died 1410) Sir Ralph Stafford (c. 1355-1410) was the second son of Sir John Stafford (died c. 1370), of Bramshall, Staffordshire. He was an influential member of the north Midlands gentry, due to his own office holding as well as the fact that his family was a cadet branch of the powerful Stafford family, later Dukes of Buckingham. Early life and career Sir John Stafford was closely involved in the affairs of the senior branch of the baronial house, and his mother was a daughter of Ralph Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford. Born around 1355, in August 1373 Stafford made a 'highly advantageous marriage' with Maud Hastang of Leamington Hastings, Warwickshire, who was her father's heiress, and potentially a wealthy woman. Carol Rawcliffe has speculated that this marriage was arranged in order to strengthen the bond between the two branches. He spent the next few years expanding and consolidating his estates, both through inheritance (some from his father), purchase, and suit at Chancery. He worked closely with his brother Humphrey Stafford (died 1413), and probably served with him on the expedition to Flanders in 1373 with the second Earl of Stafford, who at some point in this period granted him an annuity of £10 per annum. In 1383 he left for the continent again as part of Henry Despenser, Bishop of Norwich's attempted Crusade against the Antipope Clement VII. The campaign though, as Rawcliffe says, 'was abandoned within less than six months.' This appears to have been the last of his forays abroad; yet, unlike his brother, he sems to have held far fewer offices than could be expected. Rawcliffe tentatively suggests this could have been caused by a ' belligerent temperament.' For example, he was imprisoned for much of 1390 in the Tower of London. Later career Following the deposition of King Richard II, both branches of the Staffords supported the new king, Henry IV. Both Ralph and the new Earl of Stafford, Edmund assisted the suppression of the earl of Kent's rebellion in January 1400. They also took part in the invasion of Scotland that summer; this yielded little result and led, within a couple of weeks, to a swift return to England. Ralph also appears to have involved himself in his son's quarrels with Lord Bergavenny in Feckenham and was bound over with him in 1401. Death In Rawcliffe's words, his 'last years passed quietly enough,' and his last major involvement in politics was his attendance in the 1407 Staffordshire parliamentary elections. He died on 1 March 1410; his wife was already dead. His heir was Humphrey Stafford (died 1419). References Category:1300s births Category:1410 deaths Category:People from the Borough of East Staffordshire Category:English MPs February 1383 Category:English MPs April 1384 Category:English MPs 1401 Category:English MPs January 1404	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Lebia pulchella Lebia pulchella, the beautiful banded lebium, is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found from southern Canada to southern Texas. References Further reading Category:Lebia Category:Beetles described in 1826 Category:Taxa named by Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Rob Voerman Rob Voerman (born May 6, 1966, Deventer) is a Dutch graphic artist, sculptor and installation artist. His works generally show futuristic architectural constructions in a post-apocalyptic world full of destruction, explosions and the remains of conflict and catastrophe. Biography Voerman studied at the CABK in Kampen which is now ArtEZ Art & Design in Zwolle (1990–1996). In 2001 Voerman applied to join Worldviews, an art in residence programme in New York City. The programme used studios at the top of one of the World Trade Center towers-studios with a spectacular of the city. The programme though never started because of the attacks of September 11, 2001. In the following year Voerman made the work Worldviews which referred to 9/11 and the idea of this residency that never happened. Work Architecture, instability and deconstruction are central themes in the two-dimensional work and sculptures of Rob Voerman. His works are defined by a dialogue between the forms of old archaic appearances of the farmers-life and the modern technically developed society. The improvised constructions of his works reminds one of the anonymous architecture of sheds as can be seen on small farms and in gardens. Modern architecture was partially transformed and integrated by this archaic way of building. In his own words Voerman tries "to create the architecture of fictive communities living in remote areas or occupying existing citylandscapes. The communities will consist of a mixture of utopia , destruction and beauty." Voermans three-dimensional works are made of many different materials such as cardboard, glass, plexiglass, and wood. The sculptures recall the memory of a primitive hut but at the same time the technological achievements of the machine age. In Voermans sculptures different typologies of architecture, furniture and machines blend together. An example is Moonshine (2006), which is a table but at the same time a maquette of a ruined flatbuilding. The work also functions as a bar and a smoking area. A bar full of alcoholic drinks is built into the table and there is an ashtray mounted in it too. Exhibitions There have been exhibitions of Voermans work in Amsterdam, London, New York, Los Angeles, Berlin, Bregenz and Newcastle upon Tyne. His work has been presented in several groupshows in Belgium, Germany, the United States, Great Britain, Denmark, Taiwan, Canada and the Netherlands. In 2010 Voermans sculptures and drawings were presented in a major survey exhibition at the Cobra Museum in Amstelveen. Recent exhibitions, projects and fairs: Kaleidoscope at C24 Gallery, New York City, United States(2012) Coda Museum, Apeldoorn, NL (2012) Armory Show, New York City (2012) Art Rotterdam, NL (2012) University Art Museum, Santa Barbara, USA (2012) Commission for the entrance-hal for a new office of Achmea (insurance-company based in The Netherlands) (2012) Commission for entrance-hal Ministry of Agriculture, NL(2012) After the Goldrush at Upstream Gallery, Amsterdam, NL (2011) What if.. Rondeel Architectural Institute, Deventer, NL (2011) Collections (selection) Rob Voerman's work is displayed in numerous public collections, including the: Museum of Modern Art, New York City Generali Foundation, Vienna KKR Office Collection, New York City Speyer Family Collection, New York City Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam UCLA Hammer Museum, Los Angeles Coda Museum, Apeldoorn Valkhof Museum, Nijmegen Dutch state-owned bank ABN AMRO Deutsche Bank, Germany Dutch consultancy and engineering company Arcadis References External links Website Rob Voerman Upstream Gallery representing Rob Voerman Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:Dutch graphic designers Category:Dutch sculptors Category:Dutch male sculptors Category:Dutch installation artists Category:People from Deventer	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Leptepilepta Leptepilepta is a genus of moths in the subfamily Lymantriinae. Species Leptepilepta betschi Griveaud, 1977 Leptepilepta diaphanella (Mabille, 1897) Leptepilepta umbrata (Griveaud, 1973) References Category:Lymantriinae	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Apollodorus of Cyrene Apollodorus of Cyrene () was a grammarian of ancient Greece who was often cited by other Greek grammarians, as by the Scholiast on Euripides, in the Etymologicum Magnum, and in the Suda. From Athenaeus it would seem that he wrote a work on drinking vessels (ποτήρια), and if we may believe the authority of the 16th-century Italian mythographer Natalis Comes, he also wrote a work on the gods, but this may possibly be a confusion of this Apollodorus with the celebrated grammarian and mythographer Apollodorus of Athens. Notes Category:Ancient Greek grammarians Category:Cyrenean Greeks	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Eureka Landing, Arizona Eureka or Eureka Landing, is a former mining town and steamboat landing, now a ghost town, on the Arizona bank of the Colorado River in what is now La Paz County, Arizona. It was originally located in Yuma County, Arizona from 1863 through the 1870s. History In the fall of 1863, the Eureka Mining District was formed when silver strikes were made in the Chocolate Mountains of Arizona. Eureka Landing and Williamsport grew serving these new mines in the district. The landings and mining district appear in the 1865 Map of the new Arizona Territory. Eureka was a small cluster of adobe buildings on the riverbank, 45 miles up river from Arizona City and 2 miles down river from Williamsport. Across the river was the Picacho Mining District. Today Today the Eureka Landing on the riverbank has disappeared. Only the Eureka Mine at , abandoned in a canyon above the site remains to indicate its location. References External links Official Map Of The Territory Of Arizona, With All The Recent Explorations. Compiled by Richard Gird C.E. Commissioner. Approved By John N. Goodwin, Governor. In Accordance With An Act Of The Legislature, Approved Oct. 23d. 1864. We hereby certify that this is the Official Map of the Territory of Arizona, and approve the same. Prescott October 12th 1865. (with signed seal dated 1863). Published By A. Gensoul, Pacific Map Depot. No. 511 Montgomery St. San Francisco. Lith. Britton & Co. San Francisco. Accessed from www.davidrumsey.com, December 1, 2014. Shows location of Eureka, Williamsporth and the Eureka District, and other landings, settlements and mining districts along the Colorado River and the interior of the territory in 1865. The Riverview(Eureka)Mine, Imperial Wildlife Refuge, La Paz County Arizona Category:Ghost towns in Arizona Category:Former populated places in La Paz County, Arizona Category:Inland port cities and towns of the United States	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of United States national weightlifting champions This list has been divided in List of United States men's national weightlifting champions List of United States women's national weightlifting champions	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tag team championships in WWE WWE (formerly the WWF, WWWF, and its predecessor, Capitol Wrestling) has maintained at least one primary tag team championship for its male performers since 1958 (except for a two year interim between 1967 and 1969). Whenever brand division has been implemented, separate primary tag team titles have been created or allocated for each brand. For their female performers, a tag team championship existed between 1983 and 1989. The title was abandoned in 1989 due to lack of depth in the division. For many years, the women's division lacked a tag team championship, largely in part due to not having enough female performers, that is until 2019, when WWE introduced a new women's tag team championship. Overview of titles Male Female History Male Capitol Wrestling set up its first tag team championship, the NWA United States Tag Team Championship in 1958. When Capitol seceded from the National Wrestling Alliance in 1963 and became the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF), the championship became the WWWF United States Tag Team Championship. In 1967, WWWF World Heavyweight Champion Bruno Sammartino teamed with Spiros Arion to win the belts. Due to Sammartino being the world champion, the team vacated the tag titles which were then abandoned. For two years, the WWWF had no tag team championship until The Rising Suns (Toru Tanaka and Mitsu Arakawa) arrived in the promotion in September 1969 with the WWWF International Tag Team Championship which they claimed to have won in a tournament in Tokyo in June of that year. This became the WWWF's tag team title until 1971, mostly being held by The Mongols. When they left the WWWF, taking the titles with them, the promotion established their own original world tag team championship, the WWWF World Tag Team Championship. In 1979, the promotion became the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and the tag titles were shortened to WWF Tag Team Championship until 1983 when they were renamed WWF World Tag Team Championship. By 1988, wrestling magazine Pro Wrestling Illustrated was calling for the establishment of a secondary WWF Intercontinental Tag Team Championship (modelled on the WCW United States Tag Team Championship) due to the glut of tag team competition in the promotion. This never took place, but in 1991, WWF-affiliated promotion UWF Japan introduced the WWF Intercontinental Tag Team Championship, claimed by the team of Perro Aguayo and Gran Hamada. This title was abandoned when the affiliation ended later that same year. Similarly, back in May 1985, Tatsumi Fujinami and Kengo Kimura beat Dick Murdoch and Adrian Adonis in a tournament final in Japan for a revival of the old International Tag Team Title of 1969–1971, only for the title to be abandoned again when New Japan and the WWF fell out in October 1985. In 2001, the WWF bought rival company World Championship Wrestling (WCW), acquiring the WCW World Tag Team Championship, among other titles, which was defended on WWF programming until that year's Survivor Series, where the WCW World Tag Team Championship was unified into the WWF World Tag Team Championship. After WWF's initial brand extension in the spring of 2002 and the renaming of the company as World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), the tag titles became the WWE Tag Team Championship and champions Billy and Chuck were drafted to the SmackDown brand. That summer, however, The Un-Americans (Christian and Lance Storm) would win the championship and shortly thereafter transfer it to the Raw brand where it was later renamed the World Tag Team Championship, effectively leaving the SmackDown brand without a tag team title. As a result, then-SmackDown General Manager Stephanie McMahon introduced a new WWE Tag Team Championship and commissioned it to be the tag team title for the SmackDown brand. Both titles were unified in 2009 and were collectively referred to as the "Unified WWE Tag Team Championship" while officially remaining independently active until the World Tag Team Championship was formally decommissioned in 2010, leaving the newer title as WWE's only tag team championship. As a result of the 2016 draft, the championship became exclusive to Raw and was renamed the Raw Tag Team Championship, and SmackDown created the SmackDown Tag Team Championship as a counterpart title. In addition, WWE's former developmental territory NXT established the NXT Tag Team Championship in January 2013, which became one of WWE's three main titles for male tag teams in September 2019 when NXT became recognized as WWE's third major brand. Another title, the NXT UK Tag Team Championship, debuted for NXT's sister brand NXT UK in 2019, but is recognized as being a step below the other three. The Raw, SmackDown, NXT, and NXT UK tag team titles are WWE's four currently active tag team championships for its male performers. Female Prior to 1983, the WWF did not have a tag team championship for their women's division. In 1983, the team of Velvet McIntyre and Princess Victoria joined the WWF and were already the reigning NWA Women's World Tag Team Champions. The WWF had since withdrawn from the NWA, which owned the championship, thus McIntyre and Victoria were instead recognized as the first WWF Women's Tag Team Champions. The championship continued until 1989 when the promotion abandoned the titles with The Glamour Girls (Leilani Kai and Judy Martin) as the final champions. The titles were abandoned due to lack of depth in the division. The promotion would go without a women's tag team championship for many years. Talk of reviving the titles began circulating in 2012, when a WWE.com article was posted in favor of resurrecting the titles. Female performers were also in favor of adding a women's tag team championship, but it was not until 2018 when the titles became a reality. Online speculation began when WWE announced their first all female event Evolution for October, but the titles did not appear or were announced. However, on the December 24 episode of Monday Night Raw, WWE Chairman Vince McMahon officially announced that a new WWE Women's Tag Team Championship would debut in 2019 (and would not carry the lineage of the original title). The Boss 'n' Hug Connection (Bayley and Sasha Banks) became the inaugural champions at Elimination Chamber in February. It was also revealed that the titles would be defended across the Raw, SmackDown, and NXT brands (due to none of the brands having enough women to have their own championship). Longest championship reigns Male Top 10 tag team championship reigns The following list shows the top 10 tag team championship reigns in WWE history. Specific record for each championship The following list shows the longest reigning champion for each tag team championship created and/or promoted by WWE, with the exception of the WWF Intercontinental Tag Team Championship. The team of Perro Aguayo and Gran Hamada won the inaugural championship on January 7, 1991, but during their reign later that year, the title was abandoned. The date of abandonment, and consequently their reign length, is unknown. Titles are listed in order of creation. Female Due to the short length of both championships, only the specific record for each is shown. Most championship reigns Male The following lists shows the wrestlers with the most reigns for each tag team championship created and/or promoted by WWE. By team By wrestler Female The following lists shows the wrestlers with the most reigns for each tag team championship created and/or promoted by WWE. By team By wrestler See also World championships in WWE Women's championships in WWE References Category:Tag team wrestling championships	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Hungry Hall Hungry Hall was the name of two unrelated Canadian trading posts. 1. Saskatchewan River (NWC,1791): In 1790 William Thorburn of the North West Company built a post on the right bank of the Saskatchewan River near Nipawin, Saskatchewan to cut off the Hudson's Bay Company trade at Cumberland House, Saskatchewan. Next year he moved downriver and built a post on the left bank of the river opposite Petaigan Creek. It was called Hungry Hall because of its poor returns. Malcomb Ross was sent up from Cumberland House to build a competing post beside him. It seems to have been closed in 1794. Today the site is probably under Tobin Lake. A version of Thorburn's name was given to Tobin Rapid. The name may have been transferred to the Lake. 2. Rainy River(HBC,1825): In 1825. the Hudson's Bay Company built Hungry Hall on the Rainy River close to the former Asp House. In 1834 it was abandoned by agreement with the American Fur Company. In 1863 it reappears in the records as an outpost. It was closed in 1893 due to American competition. The site is at the current Oak Grove Resort. There is a historical marker on the riverbank. Its name was borrowed by a band of the Rainy River First Nations. References Manitoba archives /search /HBCA online:-search Asp Hall Category:North West Company forts Category:Hudson's Bay Company trading posts	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Oneida stirpiculture The stirpiculture experiment at the Oneida Community was the first positive eugenics experiment in American history, resulting in the planned conception, birth and rearing of 58 children. The experiment lasted from 1869–1879. It was not considered as part of the larger eugenics history because of its radical religious context. The term "stirpiculture" was used by John Humphrey Noyes, founder of the Oneida Community, to refer to his system of eugenics, or the breeding of humans to achieve desired perfections within the species. Noyes derived stirpiculture from the Latin word "stirps", which means "stock, stem, or root" (Carden). It has been claimed that Noyes coined the term two decades before Francis Galton created the term "eugenics". In 1904, Galton claimed that he had first come up with the term and "deliberately changed it for eugenics," a claim supported in print by George Willis Cooke. In his 1883 book Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development, Galton noted that his new term "eugenics" was a suitable replacement for the older term "viriculture" that he had invented, suggesting that he had confused the two terms "viriculture" and "stirpiculture." Origins of the Oneida stirpiculture experiment Until the late 1860s, John Humphrey Noyes and his community prevented the unintentional conception of children through their practice of male continence (a type of coitus reservatus). Instead, Noyes and the community believed in only having children with purpose and preparation. In this communal society, it was not simply about the preparedness of the parents, but rather the preparedness of the community to support a new generation. "A mistake was considered a serious detriment to the society" (Kinsley 13). In the early years of the community, when poverty was an issue, the community did not feel adequately prepared to take on the raising and support of children. Therefore, procreation was discouraged in these early days before the financial successes of the community's trap-building manufacturing. An "accidental" conception was thought to be a failure in male continence, the act that was meant to prevent unwanted pregnancies through the withholding of male ejaculation during intercourse. However, accidental conceptions did occur. Noyes developed the stirpiculture experiment through his reading and interpretations of Plato, Charles Darwin, Francis Galton and agricultural breeders. Noyes had begun to read Darwin's Principles of Breeding and Sir Francis Galton's papers and books on subjects ranging from anthropology, meteorology, horticulture, and eugenics (Circular, Vol II, No. 3, March 27, 1865). Intrigued by these readings, Noyes expanded upon these ideas and considered the potential benefits in the use of scientific propagation to create humans through intentional reproduction rather than haphazard sex. The experiment In 1869, the Oneida Community began its experiment with stirpiculture, which Noyes governed in tandem with a committee. Community men and women were paired owing to their exhibition of superior mental and spiritual qualities. The Circular, a newspaper run by the Oneida Community for the Community, printed several articles outlining Noyes' idea of what the Oneida Community should strive to achieve in its experiment: all of the qualities of Christianity's patriarchs' (Abraham's obedience, Jesus as the Son of God). Participants Noyes was the main judge of the men and women selected to parent children in the experiment, but he also sought the aid of a committee. This committee approved and denied requests of community members to have a child. Many members applied as couples, and some of the couples were actually encouraged by the committee itself. There was a set of standards by which each candidate should meet; older men in the Community were especially sought after according to the community's idea of Ascending Fellowship, as Noyes believed they were much wiser and spiritually sound. Women, on the other hand, were typically between the ages of 20 and 42. Both men and women were chosen based on spiritual and virtuous qualities, as opposed to physical ones. Each potential parent was required to sign a contract committing themselves to the experiment, and most importantly to God and his human representative Noyes (Carden 62). Most important in these pledges were the promises to avoid any "personal feelings in regard to child-bearing" because it was believed that this quality would help them to better serve the experiment and most importantly, the Community. Raising the children Children at Oneida were raised communally, not specifically by their biological parents. They were brought up under the supervision of community "Mothers" and "Fathers" who were assigned the job of child care in a separate wing of the Oneida Community's Mansion House. Many community members helped out with this, and therefore the children were surrounded with guidance and support from multiple sources. The stirpcults were brought up in a healthy country environment with plenty of fresh air, good food, and attention, and Oneida was isolated from chronic diseases that might have affected children in more crowded areas. As they grew up in the years following the breakup, their families and friends encouraged them to go to college and to achieve worldly success; The Practice of Perfection. In part, this push toward outside education, especially scientific education, would contribute to the breakup of the Oneida Community. The first 15 months Once a child was born, he or she stayed with the mother for the first 15 months of life. During this period the mother was allowed and even encouraged to breastfeed the child. Breastfeeding was one of the only instances in which a strong attachment between mother and child was encouraged. This was due to its ability to encompass both scientific and natural views of life. Socially, this attachment is not important because it is a bond between child and mother, but rather that it is an establishment of a relationship between child and caretaker. The Children's House Once weaned from breastfeeding, the child was sent to live in the Children's House. In the early days of the community, this "house" was actually a succession of rooms in the "Middle House" (Kinsley 14). For a period of time after being weaned, children still slept with their mothers at night. Once they reached a certain age, they were discouraged from sleeping in their mothers' rooms. Still concerned with creating a bond between the child and the community, he/she would often sleep in the bed of a community member. This member changed periodically so no special attachments could be formed, and thus detract from the overall communal commitment. Values of non-attachment Guidelines were established by the community to help direct parents in establishing an appropriate relationship with their child. Most of these guidelines were an extension of the principles of non-attachment and commitment to the communal ideal. The concern was that an excessive relationship would fail to appropriately teach the child the communal fundamentals of the community. It was acceptable to be attached, as long as this was a general emotion of love and trust to the community rather than to a particular individual (Youcha). A mother's excessive attachment to her child was a potential cause for illness or suffering on the child's part. In cases like this, it was often prescribed that the mother or child be moved to another community site for a temporary amount of time (Kinsley). Results The experiment with stirpiculture in the Oneida Community lasted from 1869 to 1879. Fifty-eight live children were produced as a result of the experiment. Most women and men only produced one child. Some produced two or three, and 13 of those were recorded as "accidental conceptions". To prove his religious and social prowess, as well as that of his bloodline, John H. Noyes and his son Theodore produced 12 children between them, 11 of whom survived (Carden 64). The development and nourishment of these children were very diligently attended to, and values such as non-attachment were impressed on children, even at a very young age. Many of the children lived long and were very well-educated; however, it has been offered that perhaps the children's environment lent them these abilities. Each child at Oneida was well supported and cared for within the community. They were given a lot of play time and rooms to do it in, as the Oneidans believed in the importance of exercise. Both girls and boys were provided an education, and some of the children even went on to college, and were encouraged to do so. They were under the constant guidance of older community members. Theodore Noyes, son of John H. Noyes, kept detailed records of the growth and development of the children produced and raised in the Stirpiculture experiment. Only one was reported to have physical disabilities (Ellis). The children learned the importance of non-attachment and commitment to the community; however, it is apparent that some special relationships did occur. The experiment ended in 1879, as the community began to break up. References Sources Carden, Maren Lockwood. Oneida: Utopian Community to Modern Corporation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1969. Ellis, John B. Free Love and Its Votaries (American Socialism Unmasked). (Chapter 15- "The Juvenile Saints" pgs. 221-237). A.L. Bancroft & Co; San Francisco, California (1870). Kinsley, Jessie Catherine. A Lasting Spring. Edited by Jane Kinsley Rich. New York: Syracuse University Press, 1983. Youcha, Geraldine. "The Oneida Community." Minding the Children: Child Care in America from Colonial Times to the Present (2005): p. 110. Da Capo Press. Noyes, John Humphrey. "Stirpiculture" The Circular Vol. II, No. 3, April 3, 1865. Category:Eugenics in the United States Category:Science experiments Category:Communalism Category:Utopian communities Category:Oneida, New York	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Halophila stipulacea Halophila stipulacea is a seagrass native to the Indian Ocean that spread into the Mediterranean after the opening of the Suez Canal. This seagrass is widespread through the Gulf of Aqaba. Recently it has arrived in the Caribbean where it is also spreading. References stipulacea Category:Flora of Africa Category:Flora of the Arabian Peninsula Category:Flora of Palestine (region) Category:Flora of Sinai Category:Flora of India (region) Category:Plants described in 1775	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kitur Kitur is a surname of Kenyan origin that may refer to: Samson Kitur (1966—2003), Kenyan sprinter and Olympic and world medallist David Kitur (born 1962), Kenyan sprinter and All-Africa Games medallist Simon Kitur (born 1959), Kenyan 400 metres hurdler, brother of David and Samson Joseph Kitur Kiplimo (born 1988), Kenyan long-distance track runner See also Keter (name) Category:Kenyan names	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Anemone deltoidea Anemone deltoidea is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common names Columbian windflower and western white anemone. It is native to the forests of the west coast of the United States. This is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing between 10 and 30 centimeters tall. There is usually a single basal leaf which is divided into three large toothed leaflets, each up to 6 centimeters long. There may be more leaves along the mostly naked stem which are similar in appearance to the leaflets on the basal leaf. The inflorescence has three leaflike bracts and a single flower. The flower has no petals but five petal-like white sepals each one to two centimeters long. There are up to 120 whiskery stamens and many pistils. The fruit is a cluster of spherical achenes. External links Jepson Manual Treatment Photo gallery deltoidea Category:Flora of California Category:Flora of Oregon Category:Flora of Washington (state)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Dan Shea (producer) Daniel Martin Shea is an American record producer and composer who has worked with numerous artists including Mariah Carey, Celine Dion, Jennifer Lopez, Janet Jackson, Santana, Barbra Streisand, Jessica Simpson. Sara Evans, Rob Thomas, Marc Anthony, Boyz II Men, Martina McBride, Kenny G, Ricky Martin, Bono, Mary J. Blige, R. Kelly, Robin Thicke, Toni Braxton, Babyface, Natalie Cole, Phil Collins, Luther Vandross, Michael Bolton, Lady Antebellum, Jim Brickman, Plácido Domingo, Grover Washington Jr., Al Jarreau, Kenny Loggins, Dusty Springfield, Daryl Hall, Boney James, New Kids on the Block, Rissi Palmer, Christina Milian, Jordan Pruitt, Thalía, Savage Garden, Clarence Clemons, and more. As producer, composer, and multi-instrumentalist, Dan Shea's albums have sold over 150 million copies worldwide. Dan Shea biography Daniel Martin Shea was born in Chicago, Illinois, and is a multi-instrumentalist who plays piano, guitar, bass and drums. He toured with Mariah Carey for several years as keyboardist and has also appeared in numerous television performances and videos, including three Grammy shows, with Carey, Celine Dion, Santana, Jessica Simpson, Boyz II Men, and more. After working on a number of high-profile records, Shea was approached by Sony Records CEO Tommy Mottola and signed to both production and publishing deals. He soon began working closely with Motolla and producer Cory Rooney on projects including Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony Mended and Jessica Simpson I Think I'm in Love with You. Shea has also collaborated with other top producers including David Foster, Walter Afanasieff, Rodney Jerkins, and Keith Thomas. Mostly Afanasieff, he has collaborated with him as a staff producer from 1991 to 1999. Shea has been successful in several genres besides pop and R&B. He has produced records for country artists including Martina McBride, Sara Evans, Lady Antebellum, Colin Raye and Rissi Palmer (Palmer's song, "Country Girl", co-written with Shea, marks the first time an African-American female has been on Billboard's Hot Country chart in over twenty years.) Shea has also worked with Smooth Jazz artists including Kenny G (Kenny G - Greatest Hits), Al Jarreau, Grover Washington Jr., Jim Brickman, and Boney James. He was also an instrumental part of the "Latin Explosion" in popular music with his production on records by Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony, and Thalía. External links DanSheaProductions website Dan Shea at artistdirect.com Dan Shea album/song credits Mariah Carey MTV Unplugged Merry Christmas DayDream Butterfly 1's Celine Dion Celine Dion Let's Talk About Love Titanic SoundtrackBeauty and The Beast SoundtrackAll The Way: A Decade Of SongJennifer LopezOn The 6JLoJ to the LoThis Is Me... ThenThe Reel MeJanet Jackson20YOSantanaShamanJessica SimpsonSweet KissesA Public AffairSara EvansNever AloneMartina McBrideValentineMarc AnthonyMarc AnthonyMendedOrla FallonDistant ShoreMariah Carey (w Boyz II Men)One Sweet DayKenny GBreathlessGreatest HitsMy Heart Will Go OnThe Essential Kenny GBestRicky MartinRicky MartinKirk Franklin (with R. Kelly and Mary J Blige)Lean On MeToni BraxtonLibraLuther VandroosSongsJim BrickmanPicture ThisThe GiftEscapePlácido DomingoAve MariaMichael BoltonThis Is The TimeAll That MattersJoy To The WorldMerry Christmas From ViennaGrover Washington Jr.Soulful StrutLady AntebellumNever AloneRissi PalmerRissi PalmerBarbra StreisandHigher GroundDaryl HallCan’t Stop Dreamin’Kenny LogginsThe Unimaginable LifeStarbrightAl JarreauTomorrow TodayRuff EndzSomeone To Love YouGinuwineThe LifeColin RayeGreatest HitsThalíaEl Sexto SentidoArrasandoMandy MooreI Wanna Be With YouBoney JamesSweet ThingFunky XmasPhil CollinsWhy Can't It Wait Til MorningTom Jones/Paul AnkaA Body Of WorkNew Kids On The BlockFaceThe MusicJordan PruittNo Ordinary GirlBabyFaceBabyface ChristmasPeabo BrysonAlladin SoundtrackBeauty and The Beast SoundtrackRegina BelleAlladin SoundtrackJoey McIntyreStay The SameLara FabianLara FabianSavage GardenAffirmationRichard ElliotBest Of Richard ElliotTrey LorenzTrey LorenzBrie LarsonFinally Out Of PEPYTCenter Stage SoundtrackKirk WhalumBest Of Smooth Jazz 4FourplayBest Of Fourplay'' References Category:Record producers from Illinois Category:Living people Category:People from Chicago Category:Year of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
A platform The A platform is a term most commonly associated with automobile body type and has several meanings: Chrysler A platform, a Chrysler automobile platform used in the 1960s GM A platform (RWD), a midsize automobile platform of General Motors in use from 1961 to 1981 for rear wheel drive vehicles GM A platform (FWD), a midsize automobile platform of General Motors in use from 1982 to 1996 for front wheel drive vehicles Volkswagen Group A platform, an automobile platform shared by the compact cars of the Volkswagen Group	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1742 in Russia Events from the year 1742 in Russia Incumbents Monarch – Elizabeth I Events The Lopukhina Conspiracy arises at the Russian court. Peter III of Russia is brought to Russia from Germany by his aunt, Elizabeth I, to be received by the Russian Orthodox Church and declared heir to the Russian throne. Christian Goldbach becomes a staff member of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and proposes what will become known as Goldbach's conjecture in a letter to Leonhard Euler. Elizabeth I reconfirms a Ukase issued by Peter the Great and expels jews from the Russian Empire. Births Yemelyan Pugachev was an ataman of the Yaik Cossacks who led a great popular insurrection during the reign of Catherine the Great. (d. 1775) Deaths References 1742 in Russia Category:Years of the 18th century in the Russian Empire	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Misumalpan languages The Misumalpan languages (also Misumalpa or Misuluan) are a small family of languages spoken by indigenous peoples on the east coast of Nicaragua and nearby areas. The name "Misumalpan" was devised by John Alden Mason and is composed of syllables from the names of the family's three members Miskito, Sumo languages and Matagalpan. It was first recognized by Walter Lehmann in 1920. While all the languages of the Matagalpan branch are now extinct, the Miskito and Sumu languages are alive and well: Miskito has almost 200,000 speakers and serves as a second language for speakers of other Indian languages on the Mosquito Coast. According to Hale, most speakers of Sumu also speak Miskito. Kaufman (1990) finds a connection with Macro-Chibchan to be "convincing", but Misumalpan specialist Ken Hale considered a possible connection between Chibchan and Misumalpan to be "too distant to establish".. On the other hand, a new research (Jolkesky 2017:45-54) has found compelling evidence linking the Misumalpan language family and the Hokan stock. Classification Miskito – nearly 200,000 speakers, mainly in the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region of Nicaragua, but including some in Honduras. Sumalpan languages: Sumo languages – some 8,000 speakers along the Huaspuc River and its tributaries, most in Nicaragua but some in Honduras. Many of them have shifted to Miskito. Mayangna - dominant variety of the Sumo family Ulwa Matagalpan Cacaopera † – formerly spoken in the Morazán department of El Salvador; and Matagalpa † – formerly spoken in the central highlands of Nicaragua and the El Paraíso department of Honduras Miskito became the dominant language of the Mosquito Coast from the late 17th century on, as a result of the people's alliance with the British Empire, which colonized the area. In northeastern Nicaragua, it continues to be adopted by former speakers of Sumo. Its sociolinguistic status is lower than that of the English-based creole of the southeast, and in that region, Miskito seems to be losing ground. Sumo is endangered in most areas where it is found, although some evidence suggests that it was dominant in the region before the ascendancy of Miskito. The Matagalpan languages are long since extinct, and not very well documented. All Misumalpan languages share the same phonology, apart from phonotactics. The consonants are p, b, t, d, k, s, h, w, y, and voiced and voiceless versions of m, n, ng, l, r; the vowels are short and long versions of a, i, u. Notes Bibliography Benedicto, Elena (2002), "Verbal Classifier Systems: The Exceptional Case of Mayangna Auxiliaries." In "Proceedings of WSCLA 7th". UBC Working Papers in Linguistics 10, pp. 1–14. Vancouver, British Columbia. Benedicto, Elena & Kenneth Hale, (2000) "Mayangna, A Sumu Language: Its Variants and Its Status within Misumalpa", in E. Benedicto, ed., The UMOP Volume on Indigenous Languages, UMOP 20, pp. 75–106. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts. Colette Craig & Kenneth Hale, "A Possible Macro-Chibchan Etymon", Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 34, 1992. Constenla Umaña, Adolfo (1987) "Elementos de Fonología Comparada de las Lenguas Misumalpas," Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 13 (1), 129-161. Constenla Umaña A. (1998). "Acerca de la relación genealógica de las lenguas lencas y las lenguas misumalpas," Communication presented at the First Archeological Congress of Nicaragua (Managua, 20–21 July), to appear in 2002 in Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 28 (1). Hale, Ken. "El causativo misumalpa (miskitu, sumu)", In Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca "Julio de Urquijo" 1996, 30:1-2. Hale, Ken (1991) "Misumalpan Verb Sequencing Constructions," in C. Lefebvre, ed., Serial Verbs: Grammatical, Comparative, and Cognitive Approaches, John Benjamins, Amsterdam. Hale, Ken and Danilo Salamanca (2001) "Theoretical and Universal Implications of Certain Verbal Entries in Dictionaries of the Misumalpan Languages", in Frawley, Hill & Munro eds. Making Dictionaries: Preserving indigenous Languages of the Americas. University of California Press. Jolkesky, Marcelo (2017) "On the South American Origins of Some Mesoamerican Civilizations". Leiden: Leiden University. Postdoctoral final report for the “MESANDLIN(G)K” project. Available here. Koontz-Garboden, Andrew. (2009) "Ulwa verb class morphology", In press in International Journal of American Linguistics 75.4. Preprint here: http://ling.auf.net/lingBuzz/000639 Ruth Rouvier, "Infixation and reduplication in Misumalpan: A reconstruction" (B.A., Berkeley, 2002) Phil Young and T. Givón. "The puzzle of Ngäbére auxiliaries: Grammatical reconstruction in Chibchan and Misumalpan", in William Croft, Suzanne Kemmer and Keith Denning, eds., Studies in Typology and Diachrony: Papers presented to Joseph H. Greenberg on his 75th birthday, Typological Studies in Language 20, John Benjamins 1990. External links FDL bibliography (general, but search specific language names) Ulwa Language home page Ulwa Language Home Page bibliography Moskitia bibliography The Misumalpan Causative Construction – Ken Hale Theoretical and Universal Implications of Certain Verbal Entries in Dictionaries of the Misumalpan Languages – Ken Hale The Joy of Tawahka – David Margolin Matagalpa Indigena – some words of Matagalpan Andrew Koontz-Garboden's web page (with links to papers on Ulwa) Category:Language families Category:Mesoamerican languages Category:Indigenous languages of Central America Category:Macro-Chibchan languages	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bovalino Bovalino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about southwest of Catanzaro and about east of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 8,406 and an area of . Antonio Lentini, a Newburgh, New York, restaurateur, left Bovalino in 1909 and went to America on the SS San Giovanni out of Naples. He was born in San Vito sullo Ionio, in Calabria, in 1893. The municipality of Bovalino contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bosco S. Ippolito (), Belloro, Russellina, Bricà, S. Nicola, Pozzo, Bovalino Superiore, Biviera, Rosa, and Cipparello. Bovalino borders the following municipalities: Ardore, Benestare, Casignana, San Luca. Bovalina was also the birthplace of the Blessed Camillus Costanzo Demographic evolution References External links www.comune.bovalino.rc.it/ Category:Cities and towns in Calabria	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mukkuva laws Mukkuva laws is the traditional law of Tamil inhabitants of Batticaloa district, of Sri Lanka codified by the Dutch during their colonial rule in 1707. The Law in its present form applies to most Tamils in eastern Sri Lanka. The law is personal in nature, thus it is applicable mostly for property and marriage. See also Thesavalamai References The Mukkuva law: or, The rules of succession among the Mukkuvars of Ceylon. / By C. Brito, Imprint Colombo, H. D. Gabriel, 1876 External links The Mukkuva Law (1876) by C. Brito Category:Sri Lankan Tamil society Category:Legal history of Sri Lanka	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
William de Estdene William de Estdene was the Archdeacon of Lewes in England during 1316. He was preceded by John Geytentun and followed by Thomas de Codelowe. References Category:Archdeacons of Lewes Category:14th-century English people	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
HMS Ruby (1652) HMS Ruby was a 40-gun frigate of the Commonwealth of England, built by Peter Pett at Deptford and launched on 15 March 1652. She took part in numerous actions during all three of the Anglo-Dutch Wars of 1652–54, 1665–67 and 1672–74. She later served in the West Indies, and in 1683 was sent to the Leeward Islands to protect their British settlements against Carib and pirate raids. In 1687 the notorious English pirate Joseph Bannister was captured by the crew of Ruby and brought to Port Royal for trial. He later escaped and returned to piracy, but was recaptured by HMS Drake. Fearing another escape the governor of Jamaica had him hanged without trial before he could get off the ship Ruby was rebuilt in 1687 at Sir Henry Johnson's shipyard at Blackwall. On 7 April 1694 Ruby captured the French privateer Entreprenante, which the Royal Navy took into service as . She served in the War of the Spanish Succession and, commanded by Captain George Walton, took part in the Action of August 1702 as part of a fleet under Admiral John Benbow. She was one of the only ships to support the Admiral in in that engagement. HMS Ruby was rebuilt at Deptford in 1706 as a fourth rate ship of the line carrying between 46 and 54 guns. However, captured Ruby on 21 October 1707 (NS) during the Battle at The Lizard. The French brought Ruby back to St Malo 8 January 1708 and commissioned her into the French Navy. She took part in a campaign to the Levant, and was decommissioned the next year to be broken up. Citations References Category:Ships of the line of the Royal Navy Category:1650s ships Category:Captured ships	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sornabad Rural District Sornabad Rural District () is a rural district (dehestan) in Hamaijan District, Sepidan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,402, in 854 families. The rural district has 30 villages. References Category:Rural Districts of Fars Province Category:Sepidan County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Queen of Uganda Queen of Uganda was a title used by Queen Elizabeth II while Uganda was an independent constitutional monarchy between 9 October 1962 and 9 October 1963. She was also the Sovereign of many other countries in the Commonwealth of Nations, including the United Kingdom. The Uganda Independence Act, passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1962, transformed the British Uganda Protectorate into an independent sovereign state on 9 October 1962. The Queen was ceremonial head of state with her constitutional roles delegated to the Governor-General of Uganda. The Parliament of Uganda amended the constitution in 1963, and on 9 October that year Uganda became a republic within the Commonwealth with a president as its head of state. The new Ugandan state was a republic, but the constituent sub-national kingdoms (Ankole, Buganda, Bunyoro, and Toro) continued in existence. The Queen visited Uganda on 28–30 April 1954 and 21–24 November 2007, the latter time to attend the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2007. The Kazinga National Park, in the west of Uganda, was renamed Queen Elizabeth National Park in 1954 to commemorate her visit. References Category:Government of Uganda Category:Politics of Uganda Uganda Monarchy Uganda Category:Uganda and the Commonwealth of Nations	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Spanish Renaissance architecture Renaissance architecture was that style of architecture which evolved firstly in Florence and then Rome and other parts of Italy as the result of Renaissance humanism and a revived interest in Classical architecture. It was part of the general movement known as the Renaissance, which spread outwards from Italy and affected many aspects of scholarship and the arts. In Spain, the Renaissance began to be grafted to Gothic forms in the last decades of the 15th century. The style started to spread mainly by local architects: that is the cause of the creation of a specifically Spanish Renaissance, that brought the influence of Italian architecture, sometimes from illuminated books and paintings, mixed with Gothic tradition and local idiosyncrasy. The new style is called Plateresque, because of the extremely decorated facades, that brought to the mind the decorative motifs of the intricately detailed work of silversmiths, the "Plateros". Classical orders and candelabra motifs (a candelieri) combined freely into symmetrical wholes. Examples include the facades of the University of Salamanca and of the Convent of San Marcos in León. As decades passed, the Gothic influence disappeared and the research of an orthodox classicism reached high levels. Although Plateresco is a commonly used term to define most of the architectural production of the late 15th and first half of 16th century, some architects acquired a more sober personal style, like Diego Siloe, and Andrés de Vandelvira in Andalusia, and Alonso de Covarrubias and Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón in Castile. This phase of Spanish Renaissance is called Purism. From the mid 16th century, under such architects as Pedro Machuca, Juan Bautista de Toledo, and Juan de Herrera, there was a much closer adherence to the art of ancient Rome, sometimes anticipating Mannerism. An example of this is the Palace of Charles V in Granada built by Pedro Machuca. A new style emerged with the work of Juan Bautista de Toledo, and Juan de Herrera in the Escorial: the Herrerian style, extremely sober and naked, reached high levels of perfection in the use of granite ashlar work, and influenced the Spanish architecture of both the peninsula and the colonies for over a century. List of notable structures El Escorial (by Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera) Texas Tech University (various architects) University of Salamanca (unknown architect) New Cathedral of Salamanca (by Juan de Álava and others) Palace of Monterrey in Salamanca (by Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón) Arzobispo Fonseca College in Salamanca (by Diego de Siloé, Juan de Álava and R. G. de Hontañón) Convent of San Esteban in Salamanca, (by Juan de Álava and R. G. de Hontañón) Palace of Guzmanes in León (by R. G. de Hontañón) Hospital de la Santa Cruz in Toledo (by Enrique Egas and Alonso de Covarrubias) Hospital de Tavera, in Toledo (by Bartolomé Bustamante) Hospital Real, in Granada (by Enrique Egas) Palace of Charles V in Granada (by Pedro Machuca) Cathedral of Granada (by Juan Gil de Hontañón, Enrigue Egas and Diego de Siloé) Jaén Cathedral (by Andrés de Vandelvira) Cathedral of Baeza (by Vandelvira) Vázquez de Molina Square in Úbeda (by Vandelvira) Town Hall in Seville (by Diego de Riaño) University of Alcalá de Henares (by Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón and others) Royal Collegiate Church of Santa María la Mayor in Antequera, Andalusia (by Pedro del Campo) Hostal de los Reyes Católicos of Santiago de Compostela (by Enrique Egas) Town Hall of Tarazona See also Renaissance architecture References Spain Renaissance Category:Architectural history	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Fribourg frank The Frank was the currency of the Swiss canton of Fribourg between 1798 and 1850. It was subdivided into 10 Batzen, each of 4 Kreuzer or 10 Rappen. History The Frank was the currency of the Helvetian Republic from 1798, replacing the Gulden in Fribourg. The Helvetian Republic ceased issuing coins in 1803. Fribourg issued coins between 1806 and 1836. In 1850, the Swiss franc was introduced, with Swiss francs = 1 Fribourg Frank. Coins Billon coins were issued in denominations of and 5 Rappen, and 1 Batzen, with silver coins for 5 and 10 Batzen and 4 Franken. The Rappen was also denominated as 1 Kreuzer. References External links Category:Modern obsolete currencies Category:Currencies of Switzerland Category:1800s establishments in Switzerland Category:1850 disestablishments in Switzerland Category:Canton of Fribourg	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
ER (season 13) The thirteenth season of the American fictional drama television series ER first aired on September 21, 2006 and concluded on May 17, 2007. It consists of 23 episodes. Plot In the aftermath of the shootout Abby delivers a premature baby while Sam suffers a terrifying ordeal at the hands of her ex-boyfriend. Meanwhile, the show's longest-serving character Kerry Weaver departs when Kovač is forced to make budget cuts which threaten her job. Paramedic Tony Gates returns as the ER’s new intern, Kovač is sued for malpractice and is later forced to return to Croatia to care for his father, Abby struggles to adapt to motherhood and Ray is involved in a life-changing accident which turns Neela's world upside down. Cast Main cast Goran Visnjic as Dr. Luka Kovač, Chief of Emergency Medicine Maura Tierney as Dr. Abby Lockhart, Third Year Resident Mekhi Phifer as Dr. Greg Pratt, Attending Physician Parminder Nagra as Dr. Neela Rasgotra, Surgical Intern John Stamos as Dr. Tony Gates, ER Intern Linda Cardellini as Nurse Samantha Taggart Shane West as Dr. Ray Barnett, Third Year Resident Scott Grimes as Dr. Archie Morris, Attending Physician Laura Innes as Dr. Kerry Weaver, Attending Physician Supporting Doctors and medical students Stanley Tucci as Dr. Kevin Moretti, Chief of Emergency Medicine (season finale only) Amy Aquino as Dr. Janet Coburn, Chief of Obstetrics John Aylward as Dr. Donald Anspaugh, Chief of Staff Leland Orser as Dr. Lucien Dubenko, Chief of Surgery J. P. Manoux as Dr. Dustin Crenshaw, Surgical Chief Resident Gina Ravera as Dr. Bettina DeJesus, Radiologist Maury Sterling as Dr. Nelson, Psychiatrist Sara Gilbert as Dr. Jane Figler, Second Year Resident Busy Philipps as Dr. Hope Bobeck, Intern Julia Ling as Mae Lee Park, Medical Student Kim Strauss as Dr. Ari, Anesthesiologist Malaya Rivera Drew as Katey Alvaro, Medical Student Marc Jablon as Dr. Larry Weston, Intern Perry Anzilotti as Dr. Ed, Anesthesiologist Ethan Hova as Dr. Ken Maser Aasif Mandvi as Dr. Manish L. Scott Caldwell as Dr. Megan Rabb, Director of Neo-Natology Dahlia Salem as Dr. Jessica Albright, Surgical Chief Resident (outgoing) Nurses Deezer D as Nurse Malik McGrath Laura Cerón as Nurse Chuny Marquez Yvette Freeman as Nurse Haleh Adams Lily Mariye as Nurse Lily Jarvik Dinah Lenney as Nurse Shirley Angel Laketa Moore as Nurse Dawn Archer Kip Pardue as Nurse Ben Parker Kyle Richards as Nurse Dori Kerns Nasim Pedrad as Nurse Suri Tane Kawasaki as Nurse Claire Mary Heiss as Nurse Mary Staff, Paramedics and Officers Abraham Benrubi as Desk Clerk Jerry Markovic Troy Evans as Desk Clerk Frank Martin Glenn Plummer as Desk Clerk Timmy Rawlins Tara Karsian as Social Worker Liz Dade Charlayne Woodard as Angela Gilliam (from Staff Services) Emily Wagner as Paramedic Doris Pickman Montae Russell as Paramedic Dwight Zadro Lyn Alicia Henderson as Paramedic Pamela Olbes Michelle C. Bonilla as Paramedic Christine Harms Demetrius Navarro as Paramedic Morales Brian Lester as Paramedic Brian Dumar Louie Liberti as Paramedic Bardelli Brendan Patrick Connor as Paramedic Reidy Vyto Ruginis as Flight Paramedic Wright Christopher Amitrano as Officer Hollis Joe Manganiello as Officer Litchman Chad McKnight as Officer Wilson Bobby Nish as Officer Danny Yau Louis Iacoviello as Officer Rovner Family Sally Field as Maggie Wyczenski Fred Ward as Eddie Wyczenski Sam Jones III as Chaz Pratt, later Paramedic Dominic Janes as Alex Taggart Garret Dillahunt as Steve Curtis Lois Smith as Gracie (Sam's grandmother) Paula Malcomson as Meg Riley Chloe Greenfield as Sarah Riley George Gerdes as Jim Riley Deka Beaudine as Helen Riley Stacy Keach as Mike Gates Rosalee Mayeux as Jacy Barnett Andrew Gonzales and Aidan Gonzales as Joe Kovač Guest stars Armand Assante as Richard Elliott John Mahoney as Bennett Cray Forest Whitaker as Curtis Ames Keith David as Pastor Watkins Annabella Sciorra as Diana Moore Hassan Johnson as Darnell Thibeaux Production Crew Episodes References External links Category:2006 American television seasons Category:2007 American television seasons Category:Iraq War in television Category:ER (TV series) seasons	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Saint-Athanase River The Saint-Athanase River is a tributary of the south shore of the Saguenay River flowing into the municipality of Petit-Saguenay in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada. The Saint-Athanase River Valley is mainly served by Saint-Louis Road and Saint-Etienne Road. Forestry is the first economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism activities, second. The surface of the Saint-Athanase River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-December to mid-March. Geography The main hydrographic slopes near the Saint-Athanase River are: North side: Saguenay River; East side: Saint-Étienne River, Petites Îles River, St. Lawrence River; South side: Petit Saguenay River; West side: Petit Saguenay River, Cabanage River. The Saint-Athanase River rises at the mouth of Petit Lac Alphée (length: ; altitude: ). This source is located at: south of its mouth (confluence with the Saguenay River); northeast of the Petit Saguenay River; west of the mouth of the Saguenay River; east of the village center of Petit-Saguenay. From its source (Petit Lac Alphée), the course of the Saint-Athanase River descends on according to the following segments: to the north, in particular, crossing the Alphée lake (length: ; altitude: ) on to its mouth; easterly, forming a curve to the north, to the discharge (coming from the north) of a group of small lakes; easterly forming at the beginning of a segment a hook to the south, to the discharge (coming from the south) of a set of small lakes; northerly forming a large S, to the discharge (from the east) of an unidentified lake; northerly, curving to the northeast, to the discharge (from the east) of a set of unidentified lakes; northwesterly to a dump of unidentified lakes; north in a steep valley curving westward around a large mountain to its mouth. The mouth of the Saint-Athanase River flows into the bottom of "Anse au Cheval" on the south shore of the Saguenay River. This confluence is located at: northwest of the village center of Saint-Étienne; northeast of the confluence of the Petit Saguenay River with the Saguenay River; west of Tadoussac. Toponymy The toponym "rivière Saint-Athanase" (St. Athanase River) refers to St. Athanasius, a patron of the Roman Catholic Church. The toponym "Saint-Athanase River" was formalized on December 5, 1968 at the Bank of place names of the Commission de toponymie du Quebec. Notes and references External links See also Petit-Saguenay, a municipality Saguenay River, a watercourse List of rivers of Quebec Category:Rivers of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean Category:Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jill Davis Jill A. Davis (born 1966) is an American author and television writer. She is a member of the Writers Guild of America. She was nominated for 5 Emmy awards for her 6 years of work as a writer for David Letterman. Her first novel, Girls' Poker Night (published by Random House in 2002), was a New York Times bestseller. It was published in 5 languages, and twelve countries. Her second novel, Ask Again Later, was published by Ecco in February 2007. Prior to working in television, Davis was a newspaper reporter and columnist. After leaving the Late Show with David Letterman, she created and executive-produced a television show pilot for DreamWorks starring Tracy Pollan, Anna Says. She also wrote and published a number of screenplays, teleplays, short stories and magazine articles. Davis, originally from Berks County, Pennsylvania, is a graduate of Endicott College and Emerson College, majoring in creative writing. She holds an MFA in Fiction from NYU and has an honorary Ph.D. in Arts & Letters from Endicott. She is married to Edward Conard and lives in New York City with her husband and daughter. Works Novels Collections/humor 1996 David Letterman’s New Book of Top Ten Lists and Wedding Dress Patterns for the Husky Brideby David Letterman, Steve O'Donnell, et al. 1995 David Letterman’s Book of Top Ten Lists and Zest Lo-Cal Chicken Recipesby David Letterman, Steve O'Donnell, et al. 1996 Home Cookin’ with Dave’s Momby David Letterman, foreword by David Letterman and Jill Davis. Short stories 2004 "New York" (in Girls' Night In, ed. Lauren Henderson, Chris Manby, Sarah Mlynowski, ) 2004 "Sister Goddess Ruby" (in May Contain Nuts: A Very Loose Canon of American Humor, ed. Michael J. Rosen, ) Television and film 2000 Drinking, Smoking, Fooling Around, a collection of short stories adapted as monologues (HBO Productions) (writer) 1999 Mother's Helper, teleplay (Blue Relief, Inc.; Bob Kosberg Productions & Touchstone Pictures) (writer) 1999 Anna Says, sitcom pilot (Dreamworks Television and Lottery Hill Entertainment) (creator, writer, executive producer) 1998 The Group, sitcom (Blue Relief, Inc.) (creator, writer, executive producer) 1996 The Late Show with David Letterman: Video Special II (CBS) (writer) 1995 The Late Show with David Letterman: Video Special (CBS) (writer) 1993-1996 The Late Show with David Letterman (CBS) (writer) 1992 The Late Show with David Letterman: Tenth Anniversary Special (NBC) (writer) 1991-1993 The Late Show with David Letterman (NBC) (writer) Half Magic, film (Nickelodeon Films) (writer) Articles "The Reason You're Still Single: Commitmentphobia Isn't Just a Guy Thing" (Cosmopolitan, Sept. 1 2002) The Countdown (serialized novella later developed as Ask Again Later, USA Today Open Book, 2008) "The North Shore's Literary Treasure, John Updike" (North Shore Life, August–September 1987, Vol VII, No. 4) References External links www.harpercollins.com Author bio Official website Category:American women writers Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:Writers from Reading, Pennsylvania Category:Writers from New York City Category:Endicott College alumni Category:Emerson College alumni Category:New York University alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Money and the Power "Money and the Power" is a song by American rapper Kid Ink, produced by N4, Ned Cameron and Jonathan Lauture. The song was released as the second single from his major label debut EP, Almost Home on May 28, 2013, and would later be included on the deluxe edition of Ink's studio album My Own Lane. The song has since peaked at number 70 on the German Singles Chart and at 21 on the UK R&B Chart. Music video On July 19, 2013, Kid Ink released a lyric video for "Money and the Power" via VEVO. On September 12, 2013, Kid Ink released the Los Angeles-shot music video via VEVO. Performances Alongside Travis Barker and Skylar Grey, Kid Ink performed "Money and the Power" during WrestleMania 31 on March 29, 2015 at Levi's Stadium, as part of a medley with David Guetta and Skylar Grey's "Rise"—both songs having served as the theme music for the event. Critical reception "Money and the Power" received generally positive reviews from music critics. DJBooth.net praised his sung-rap style, and named the song the most radio ready song from the album. Rick Florino of Artistdirect called the song a "irresistible cut" from Almost Home. Trent Fitzgerald of PopCrush called the song a "standout and a bombastic anthem that Kid Ink is famous for." Chart performance Certifications Release history References Category:2013 singles Category:2013 songs Category:RCA Records singles Category:Kid Ink songs Category:Songs written by Kid Ink	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Voiles Voiles is a composition by Claude Debussy for solo piano from 1909. It is the second piece in a set of twelve préludes published in 1910. The title of the piece may be translated to English as either veils or sails; both meanings can be connected to the musical structure (see below). Except for some mild, localized chromaticism and a short pentatonic passage, the entire piece uses the whole tone scale. In their published form, the Préludes have their individual titles printed not at the start, but at the end—and in parentheses. Musical analysis The composition studies the whole tone scale intensively, with the exception of a brief six-measure section in the pentatonic scale. The structure of the piece follows a ternary (A–B–A') form. A begins in m. 1; B begins in m. 42; and A' begins in m. 48. This three-part form is articulated by the dynamic structure: A and A' have only soft dynamics (piano or softer), while B has a wider dynamic from piano to forte. The B section is also set apart by a faster tempo and increased density of notes. Finally, the A and A' sections are characterized by a whole-tone scale, while the B section is characterized by an E-flat minor pentatonic scale. The whole-tone scale and the soft dynamics give the A and A' sections a mysterious and eerie mood. In the B section, the louder dynamics, the faster passage, and the more consonant and familiar pentatonic scale give the listener a break from the eerie tone, allowing a brief moment of clarity. If interpreting the movement in light of "veils," the eerie, mysterious mood of the A section sounds veiled. The clearer, more open sound of the B section generates an impression that the veil is removed, but returns for the A' section. If one takes "sails" as a possible understanding of the title, that leads to a possible image of a becalmed ship in the A and A' sections, with the clearer, louder, brighter B section denoting a more open sea and sails full of wind. Generally however, there is no clear structure that the piece fits easily into; neither ternary form nor binary form fit in with the style of the piece. Some say (who?) that the pentatonic section forms the B part but, in truth, it is not clear enough to state it is definitely ABA. Others argue that it follows a Rounded Binary form more than Ternary form due to the fact that there is an A part, B part and then another bit at the end, concluding all of his ideas. See also List of compositions by Claude Debussy by genre References Attribution This article contains information translated from the corresponding article of the German Wikipedia. A list of contributors can be found there at the History section. External links Voiles music score from Préludes (Book 1) (Debussy, Claude) at IMSLP Notes on Voiles on Klavier-noten.de Preludes, Book 1 No. 2 Voiles by Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli on YouTube Category:Preludes by Claude Debussy Category:1910 compositions	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Klykovo Klykovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Nizhne-Vazhskoye Rural Settlement, Verkhovazhsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 32 as of 2002. Geography The distance to Verkhovazhye is 9.7 km, to Kukolovskaya is 2.8 km. Frolovskaya, Pakhomovskaya, Filinskaya, Kukolovskaya are the nearest rural localities. References Category:Rural localities in Vologda Oblast	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Testament of Freedom The Testament of Freedom is a four-movement work for men's chorus and piano composed in 1943 by Randall Thompson. It was premiered on April 13, 1943, by the Virginia Glee Club under the direction of Stephen Tuttle; the composer served as pianist. Thompson later orchestrated the piece, and also produced an arrangement for mixed chorus. The music was published in 1944. History The piece was written for the Virginia Glee Club while Thompson was teaching at the University of Virginia, and was meant to celebrate the bicentennial of the birth of Thomas Jefferson; consequently, the text for the work was taken from Jefferson's writings. Although it was meant as an occasional work, the piece was soon seen as an opportunity to project an uplifting message about the United States in wartime; its premiere was recorded by CBS and quickly broadcast nationwide. It was also transmitted by shortwave radio over the United States Office of War Information (OWI) network to Allied servicemen stationed in Europe. On April 14, 1945, it was performed by Serge Koussevitzky and the Boston Symphony Orchestra at Carnegie Hall as part of a concert in memory of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who had died two days earlier. The piece continues to be popular and is performed frequently by men's choruses. Style The first of the piece's four movements is similar in style to a hymn; it opens with a five-note instrumental invocation meant to rhythmically spell out the name "Thomas Jefferson". The melody used in the movement reappears in various forms throughout the rest of the piece. The second movement is slower in nature, and resembles a dirge; numerous writers, including Virgil Thomson, commented on its resemblance to Eastern Orthodox chant. The third movement is a scherzo, while the fourth recapitulates themes heard in the other movements. The work ends with a return of the initial melody and text. Texts First movement The God who gave us life gave us liberty at the same time; the hand of force may destroy but cannot disjoin them. —A Summary View of the Rights of British America (1774) Second movement We have counted the cost of this contest, and find nothing so dreadful as voluntary slavery. Honor, justice, and humanity forbid us tamely to surrender that freedom which we received from our gallant ancestors, and which our innocent posterity have a right to receive from us. We cannot endure the infamy and guilt of resigning succeeding generations to that wretchedness which inevitably awaits them if we basely entail hereditary bondage upon them. Our cause is just. Our union is perfect. Our internal resources are great… We gratefully acknowledge, as signal instances of the Divine favor towards us, that His Providence would not permit us to be called into this severe controversy until we were grown up to our present strength, had been previously exercised in warlike operation, and possessed of the means of defending ourselves. With hearts fortified with these animating reflections, we most solemnly, before God and the world, declare that, exerting the utmost energy of those powers which our beneficent Creator hath graciously bestowed upon us, the arms we have been compelled by our enemies to assume we will, in defiance of every hazard, with unabating firmness and perseverance, employ for the preservation of our liberties; being with one mind resolved to die freemen rather than to live slaves. —Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms (July 6, 1775) Third movement We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death. In our native land, in defense of the freedom that is our birthright and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it; for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves; against violence actually offered; we have taken up arms. We shall lay them down when hostilities shall cease on the part of the aggressors and all danger of their being renewed shall be removed, and not before. —Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms (July 6, 1775) Fourth movement I shall not die without a hope that light and liberty are on steady advance... And even should the cloud of barbarism and despotism again obscure the science and liberties of Europe, this country remains to preserve and restore light and liberty to them...The flames kindled on the 4th of July, 1776, have spread over too much of the globe to be extinguished by the feeble engines of despotism; on the contrary, they will consume these engines and all who work them. —Letter to John Adams, Monticello (September 12, 1821) The God who gave us life gave us liberty at the same time; the hand of force may destroy but cannot disjoin them. References Sources Randall Thompson. The Testament of Freedom/Frostiana. Manhattan Chamber Orchestra and New York Choral Society, Richard Auldon Clark, director. Recorded 1994; released on Koch International Classics in 1995. Notes External links Category:1943 compositions Category:Compositions by Randall Thompson Category:Choral compositions Category:Thomas Jefferson	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Olympus Master Olympus Master is a software application that is used with Olympus digital cameras and optical accessories. It can be installed and used on PCs running Windows 2000, Windows XP or (in the case of the Olympus Master 2 software) Windows Vista, and also on Macintosh computers. Overview Olympus Master allows users to transfer, browse, print, share and backup images they have taken with their Olympus camera, or other pictures found on the computer. Images are downloaded from the camera via a USB cable or by using a card reader, and are then put into a gallery. From there, images can be selected and transferred to a CD or a file to be stored on the computer. It is useful for converting Olympus digital (ORF) files, which many software packages cannot open. Images can also be edited using the program. Rotate, crop and red-eye are some common functions in the editing menu. Images can also be printed directly from the software if the user has a photo printer connected to their computer. The Olympus Master software provides the ability to upgrade the firmware of the users Olympus digital camera when it is linked to the computer via the USB cable. Olympus compact digital cameras, Olympus digital SLRs (E-System cameras), Olympus Zuiko Digital lenses and Olympus flash units are supported. This method is the only way of updating firmware within Olympus equipment. Many other manufacturers such as Nikon and Canon use a different method, which allows the user to temporarily save a patch file to a memory card. Once the user has placed the memory card into the camera they wish to update, the camera will install the new firmware directly from the memory card. Both methods have their advantages, as well as their disadvantages. Olympus Master 2, which is an update to the original version, is available free from Olympus via their website. It is included with Olympus cameras since mid-2007, replacing the original version. Since February 2008, the original version of the software has not been able to detect newer digital cameras (such as the E-420 digital SLR). If users of the older version who purchase a new product wish to continue using Olympus software or wish to update the firmware within their new equipment, they must first update from the original Olympus Master to the newer version. External links Olympus Master official website Olympus Master 2 Olympus Master	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Johnstone Johnstone (, ) is a town in the council area of Renfrewshire and larger historic county of the same name in the west central Lowlands of Scotland. The town lies west of neighbouring Paisley, west of the centre of the city of Glasgow and north east of Kilwinning. Part of the biggest conurbation in Scotland, Johnstone is at the western edge of the Greater Glasgow Urban Area. History Johnstone was largely a planned community which grew up around the house of Easter Cochrane, later known as Johnstone Castle, seat of the Houston or Houstoun family who gained their name from the nearby village of Houston. In 1782, the Laird, George Houstoun, commissioned designs for a series of regular residential streets which now form the town centre. At this early stage of development, the town’s population including the local estate and rural hinterland was around 1,500. Two mirroring civic squares were also constructed in the town: Houstoun Square and Ludovic Square, the latter named for the Laird's son, and by 1794 the town had gained its current parish church. Johnstone was raised to the status of a police burgh with significant local powers, a status which is now defunct. The former court building continues to stand in Collier Street. Industrial development brought both prosperity and poverty to the community. Coal mining occurred in Johnstone, although its main industry was related to the thread and cotton industries, with mills powered by the Black Cart Water which runs to the north of Johnstone. A six-storey cotton mill, one of the largest in Scotland, was built in 1782, and was rescued from failure by Robert Burns of Paisley sometime before 1812. Burns introduced Richard Arkwright's methods for spinning cotton. As the community expanded, slum conditions formed in part of the town: the population by 1831 had increased to a sizeable 5,600. Unfortunately, the owners of Johnstone mill did not make much philanthropic progress among their worker population, and the situation was not addressed until the 1930s by a significant expansion of the size of Johnstone to include a number of purpose-built residential estates. Much of Johnstone’s feudal heritage has disappeared. With the death of the last Laird in 1931, Johnstone Castle fell into disrepair before being largely demolished in 1950. The remaining tower was purchased in 2001 and is now a private residence. On the site of the former grounds now lies two housing estates, Johnstone Castle and Cochrane Castle. Embedded within Cochrane Castle is the Cochrane Castle Golf Club, which once held the world record for the longest hole. More recently, Johnstone History Museum opened in 2008 - notably becoming the world's the first museum located inside a supermarket. In 2015, the new Johnstone Town Hall was completed at a cost of £14.5m Education Thorn Public School, as it was originally called, opened in 1904 . A new Thorn primary school opened in 1988, with the former building demolished in 1988. The old site is now occupied by a housing estate, although parts of the original walls are still standing. In 1950 St. David's Primary School was built along with its sister school Cochrane Castle Primary School. In 2007 the two schools were housed in a new shared building just outside Thomas Shanks Public Park. Johnstone High School opened on its present site in March 1965, the previous building having burnt down in 1960. Where the old school stood in Ludovic Square there is now a modern health centre. The original St Cuthberts High School was built adjacent to Johnstone High School and shared the same driveway and car parks. The school closed in 1972 and moved to a new site in Hallhill Road Spateston that year. The original school was demolished and replaced by a housing development to the left of the driveway of Johnstone High School. In 1967, St Curthberts High School was built and established. The school closed at the end of the summer term 2006 along with St. Brendan's High School in Linwood due to falling rolls and the buildings' poor state of repair. These were replaced by a new build St. Benedict's High School, named in honour of St Benedict of Nursia the patron saint of Europe and of students. The old St. Cuthbert's building was used to house several schools (including Johnstone High School from 2008-2009) while their own premises were being refurbished. Similarly to the original St Cuthberts School, the building has subsequently been demolished, with a new housing development taking its place. Politics At a local government level, the town is split between the Johnstone North, Kilbarchan, Howwood and Lochwinnoch and Johnstone South and Elderslie wards for elections to Renfrewshire Council, which elect four councillors each. These boundaries were first used in the 2017 Renfrewshire Council election, with councillors elected being 3 Scottish National Party (SNP), 2 Labour Party, 2 Conservative Party and 1 Independent. For elections to the Scottish Parliament, Johnstone is included in the local constituency of Renfrewshire South. The seat is currently held by Tom Arthur, who became the first SNP Member of Scottish Parliament for the area after being elected in the 2016 Scottish general election. Previously, from the establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, the constituency and its predecessor seat had been represented by Labour Party politician Hugh Henry. The town is also included in the West Scotland electoral region, which has 7 additional members. In the British House of Commons the town is contained within the seat of Paisley and Renfrewshire South. Johnstone was traditionally a very strong area for Labour and the party had continuously held constituencies containing the town since 1945. However, the seat was gained by Mhairi Black at the 2015 election SNP landslide, defeating the previous Labour Member of Parliament since 1997 Douglas Alexander. Black again re-elected in 2017 and 2019. Transport Air Johnstone is served by Glasgow International Airport, which is located northeast of the town. Moreover, Prestwick International Airport is a 30-to-40-minute train journey from Johnstone railway station. Road A dual carriageway, the A737 connects Johnstone to the M8 motorway to provide car transport links to central Scotland. Bus services McGill's Bus Service Limited operate the majority of local services from their depot in the west end of Johnstone, running the following routes serving the town 1/1A: Johnstone – Kilmacolm 2/2A: Johnstone - Bridge of Weir 20: Spateston-Johnstone Centre-Paisley-Whitehaugh (via Elderslie and the Royal Alexandria Hospital) 38: Spateston/Kilbarchan - Johnstone Centre - Paisley - Glasgow 904: Largs - Kilbirnie - Beith - Howwood - Johnstone - Paisley Key Coaches are a local service operator based in Elderslie. They run the following services. 1: Johnstone – Johnstone Castle 4: Johnstone – Lochwinnoch 5: Johnstone – Spateston Rail Johnstone is linked to Glasgow Central, Paisley and the Ayrshire coast by the Johnstone railway station which is located at the east of the town on Thorn Brae. A second unmanned station Milliken Park railway station lies at the west end of the town, just off the Cochranemill road. The railway line runs through the cutting of the old Glasgow–Ardrossan canal, although the route of the canal runs under the original bridge, Dick's Bridge, at the bottom of the Thorn Brae, where the canal basin was situated and in winter, the rim of the canal basin sometimes becomes visible. It may be noted that a second railway line ran through the town serving the villages of Kilbarchan, Bridge of Weir, and Kilmacolm; the line now forms part of the Clyde to Forth cycle route (National Cycle Route 75). It had a station serving the Northern, more industrial areas of town, Johnstone North railway station. Notable inhabitants William Clunas, – Scotland and Sunderland footballer. Played in the first England V's Scotland match at Wembley Stadium 1924 Johnny Grant (Jock Strap) – vocalist of 1970s punk band The Straps, born 1960 and grew up in Johnstone Castle. Adam Brown – professional hockey player; born in Johnstone 02/04/1920, active in the NHL 1941–1952. Tommy Bryce – professional footballer Nick Knowles - television presenter Hunter Davies – journalist, author and broadcaster Robert Pollock Gillespie FRSE – mathematician Renee Houston – music hall and comedy actress; born in Johnstone in 1902, attended St. Margaret's Primary School in Johnstone Phyllis Logan – actress; attended Johnstone High School in the 1970s John Pitcairn, Jr. – Scottish-American industrialist; born in Johnstone, emigrated to the United States, aged five Gordon Ramsay – celebrity chef and TV host, born in Johnstone Peter Tobin – serial killer, born in Johnstone in 1946 Jim Leighton – professional footballer, attended St. Cuthbert's Secondary in Johnstone Annie McGuire – BBC Journalist, born in Elderslie, attended St.Cuthbert's Secondary in Johnstone Sir George Houston Reid – 4th Prime Minister of Australia (18 August 1904 – 5 July 1905). George Reid was Prime Minister for ten months and 17 days. He was Australia's first federal Leader of the Opposition and the federal government’s first High Commissioner to the UK. Tommy Turner – professional footballer John Deans – professional footballer Eddie Blair – jazz session trumpeter, in the big bands of the 1950s and 1960s including: The John Dankworth 7, Ted Heath Orchestra and The Ronnie Hazelhurst Orchestra throughout the 1970s and 1980s as well as for the big screen, notably the trumpet solo 'Take Me Home' from the James Bond film For Your Eyes Only. Alexander McLachlan – poet, who was born at the Brig in 1818. Sir William Arrol – Worked as a boy at the Johnstone mills before becoming the architect of the Forth Rail Bridge and the Tower Bridge in London. Dougie Vipond – Born Douglas Vipond, 15 October 1966, Elderslie, is a Scottish musician and television personality. He studied at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, graduating in 1985. He was one of the founding members of Scottish soft rock / pop band, Deacon Blue. Richard Madden (born 18 June 1986) – Scottish stage, film, and television actor, appearing in the HBO series Game of Thrones and Disney's Cinderella. See also Johnstone Burgh F.C.. References External links Johnstone Community Council Pubs and Bars in Johnstone Category:Towns in Renfrewshire Category:Greater Glasgow Category:Burghs	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
FC Ile-Saulet FC Ile-Saulet () is a defunct Kazakhstani football club that was based in Otegen Batyr (Ile District of Almaty Province). History The club was formed in 2006, debuting in the Kazakhstan First Division in 2008, before ceasing to exist at the end of the 2013 season. Domestic history Honours Kazakhstan First Division (1): 2012 References External links The team's squad in 2010 Category:Association football clubs established in 2006 Category:Defunct football clubs in Kazakhstan Category:2006 establishments in Kazakhstan	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Wilt Wilt may refer to: Wilting, the loss of rigidity of non-woody parts of plants WILT, An acronym commonly used in instant messaging for 'What I'm Listening To' Wilt disease, which can refer to a number of different diseases in plants. In literature and film: Wilt (novel), a novel by Tom Sharpe Wilt (film), a 1989 adaptation of Sharpe's novel Wilt: Larger than Life, a biography of Wilt Chamberlain by Robert Cherry Wilt: Just Like Any Other 7-Foot Black Millionaire Who Lives Next Door, an autobiography by Wilt Chamberlain In other media: Wilt (band), an Irish indie rock band formed by ex-members of Kerbdog WILT (FM), a radio station (103.7 FM) licensed to serve Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, United States WYHW, a radio station (104.5 FM) licensed to serve Wilmington, North Carolina, which held the call sign WILT from 2008 to 2015 WRMR (FM), a radio station (98.7 FM) licensed to serve Jacksonville, North Carolina, which held the call sign WILT from 2005 to 2008 "Wilt", a song by Blind Melon from Soup Wilt, a fictional character from the animated TV series Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends People with the given name: Wilt Chamberlain, a Hall of Fame American basketball player, born Wilton Chamberlain People with the surname: Wilt (surname) See also Wilton (disambiguation) Wilts Wiltz (disambiguation)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Robert E. McCarthy Robert E. McCarthy is an American politician who served as Register of Probate for Plymouth County, Massachusetts from 2000 to 2015, was a member of Massachusetts Senate from 1975 to 1981, the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1971 to 1975, and the East Bridgewater, Massachusetts Board of Selectmen from 1969 to 1975. He was also an unsuccessful candidate for the United States House of Representatives seat in Massachusetts's 10th congressional district in 1980. References Category:1940 births Category:Boston College Law School alumni Category:Massachusetts Democrats Category:Massachusetts lawyers Category:Massachusetts state senators Category:Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives Category:People from East Bridgewater, Massachusetts Category:United States Military Academy alumni Category:Living people	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Hemidactylus macropholis Hemidactylus macropholis, also known as Boulenger's gecko or largescale leaf-toed gecko, is a species of gecko. It is endemic to northeastern Africa and occurs in Somalia, northern Kenya, Ethiopia, and Eritrea,. References Category:Hemidactylus Category:Vertebrates of Eritrea Category:Reptiles of Ethiopia Category:Reptiles of Kenya Category:Reptiles of Somalia Category:Reptiles described in 1896 Category:Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
French submarine O'Byrne O'Byrne was a submarine of the French Navy, the lead ship of her class. She was ordered by Romania during World War I and laid down in April 1917 at the Schneider Shipyard in Gironde. However, she was requisitioned by French authorities at the end of the year and completed for the French Naval Forces. Upon commissioning in 1921, she became the first French submarine to be completed between 1919 and 1944. Construction and specifications O'Byrne and her two sister ships (Henri Fournier and Louis Dupetit-Thouars) were ordered by the Romanian Government from the Schneider Shipyard in Gironde, being laid down in April 1917. However, Romania was forced out of the war in December 1917, when the construction of the three warships was at an early stage. The three submarines were subsequently completed for the French Navy, with larger bridges and conning towers. O'Byrne was the first to be launched (22 May 1919), followed by Henri Fournier (30 September 1919) and Louis Dupetit-Thouars (12 May 1920). They were completed and commissioned in 1921. Each of the three submarines had a surfaced displacement of 342 tons, measuring 52.4 meters in length, with a beam of 4.7 meters and a draught of 2.7 meters. Power plant consisted of two Schneider diesel engines and two electric motors powering two shafts, resulting in a surfaced top speed of 14 knots. Each vessel had a range of 1,850 nautical miles at 10 knots and a crew of 25. Armament consisted of four 450 mm torpedo tubes and one 47 mm deck gun. Service The three boats incorporated lessons from the French war experience, and thus proved to be reasonably successful. They served in the Mediterranean after World War I, but their careers were uneventful, and they were taken out of service before the start of World War II. Louis Dupetit-Thouars was stricken in November 1928 and her two sisters in August 1935. Had O'Byrne been delivered to Romania upon completion, she would have become the first Romanian submarine. This role would be fulfilled by the Italian-built Delfinul in 1936. References Category:Submarines of the French Navy Category:Ships built in France Category:World War I naval ships of France Category:World War I naval ships of Romania Category:1919 ships Category:O'Byrne-class submarines	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Timed out Timed out is a method of dismissal in the sport of cricket. It occurs when an incoming batsman is not ready to play within three minutes of the previous batsman being out. It is very rare to be out in such a fashion, and has never occurred in any international match. Definition Law 40 of the Laws of Cricket provides that an incoming batsman must be in position to take guard or for his partner to be ready to receive the next ball within three minutes of the fall of the previous wicket. If this requirement is not met, the incoming batsman will be given out, timed out, on appeal. The "incoming batsman" may be any batsman who has not yet batted. There is no prescribed batting order in cricket. If no batsman has set foot on the field when the appeal is made, the batting captain may pick any player who has not yet batted as the one to be given out. As a result, if the next batsman was only slightly delayed, the captain would be expected to sacrifice his worst batsman—usually the No. 11. If there is protracted delay in which no batsman comes to the wicket so that the umpires consider that the batting team is refusing to play, the umpires will award the match to the other team. If, however, no player comes to the wicket because all eligible players are unable to bat (e.g. through injury or illness) then they are not given out timed out; instead the innings is declared closed and 'absent ill/injured/hurt/dead' is noted next to those players' names as appropriate. A new shortened version of cricket, Twenty20 cricket, stipulates that a batsman must be on the field within 90 seconds, rather than the three minutes specified in the Laws. As a result of this rule, rather than sitting in the pavilion, the batsman next in are positioned on a bench on the boundary rather like other team sports such as association football and rugby. Unusual dismissal The purpose of the law is to ensure there are no unnecessary delays to the game. It is easily avoided and it is very unusual for a batsman to get out 'timed out'. , there have been no instances of this type of dismissal in Test match or One Day International cricket and there have only been six instances in first-class cricket as a whole. Batsmen dismissed 'timed out' in first-class cricket Andrew Jordaan – Eastern Province v Transvaal at Port Elizabeth in 1987–88 – Not out overnight, Jordaan was prevented from reaching the ground by flooded roads the following day. Hemulal Yadav – Tripura v Orissa at Cuttack in 1997–98 – Yadav was in conversation with his team manager on the boundary and did not attempt to reach the crease. Vasbert Drakes – Border v Free State at East London in 2002 – Drakes was still on his way to the match by aeroplane from his native West Indies when he was due to bat. AJ Harris – Nottinghamshire v Durham UCCE at Nottingham in 2003 – Harris was suffering from a groin strain and took too long to walk to the crease and was given out on appeal. Ryan Austin – Combined Campuses and Colleges v Windward Islands at Kingstown, St Vincent in 2013–14 – Austin, the number 11 batsman, failed to reach the crease in the requisite amount of time. Charles Kunje - Matabeleland Tuskers v Mountaineers at Bulawayo in 2017-18. Test cricket The third Test of the 2006–2007 series between India and South Africa was played at the Newlands Cricket Ground. In India's second innings, two batsmen were quickly dismissed. Sachin Tendulkar was listed as the fourth batsman. As he had been replaced as a fielder for eighteen minutes at the end of South Africa's innings, he was ineligible to bat in the India second innings until another eighteen minutes had expired from its commencement. After a six-minute delay, Sourav Ganguly came in as the next batsman. South African captain Graeme Smith did not appeal for a "timed out" dismissal of the incoming batsman. History "Timed Out" as a specific method of dismissal was added to the Laws in the 1980 code. It provided two minutes for the incoming batsman to "step on to the field of play". In the 2000 code, this was revised to three minutes for the batsman to "be in position to take guard or for his partner to be ready to receive the next ball". However, the first printed Laws of cricket, in 1775, already required the umpires "To allow Two Minutes for each Man to come in when one is out". In 1919, Sussex cricketer Harold Heygate was given out by the umpire Alfred Street as "timed out" in a first-class County Championship match with Somerset at Taunton. The MCC, then in charge of the Laws, later ruled that the umpire was correct in ending the Sussex innings when Heygate failed to appear within two minutes, but that the batsman should be marked as "absent", which is how it appears in the 1920 edition of Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. Under present rules, Heygate would have been recorded as "absent hurt", and this is how his innings is now recorded in CricketArchive. The match ended in a tie. See also List of unusual dismissals in international cricket Notes References Wisden Cricketers' Almanack The official laws of cricket External links Category:Cricket laws and regulations Category:Cricket terminology	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Break the News (film) Break the News is a 1938 British musical comedy film directed by René Clair and starring Jack Buchanan, Maurice Chevalier and June Knight. Two struggling performers decide to create a fake murder scandal in order to drum up publicity for their act. It was based on the novel Le mort en fuite by Loïc Le Gouriadec which had previously been made into a 1936 French film Death on the Run. Songs featured include It All Belongs to You (Cole Porter, sung by Chevalier) and We're Old Buddies (Van Phillips, Jack Buchanan, sung by Chevalier and Buchanan). Cast Maurice Chevalier - François Verrier Jack Buchanan - Teddy Enton June Knight - Grace Gatwick Marta Labarr - Sonia Gertrude Musgrove - Helena Garry Marsh - Producer Wallace Douglas - Stage manager Joss Ambler - Press agent Mark Daly - Property man Gibb McLaughlin - Superintendent Robb Wilton - cab driver Felix Aylmer - Sir George Bickory C. Denier Warren - Sir Edward Phring George Hayes - Tribunal President Guy Middleton - Englishman Athole Stewart - Governor Charles Lefeaux - Interpreter D.J. Williams - Judge Elliott Mason - Dresser J. Abercomie - Neighbor William Fazan - Passport Official H.R. Hignett - Prison Guard Wally Patch - Prison Guard Hal Gordon - Prison Guard George Benson - Firing Squad Officer Nigel Stock - Stage Boy Critical reception Allmovie wrote, "What a combination! Break the News boasted the talents of English stage star Jack Buchanan, French entertainer Maurice Chevalier, legendary director Rene Clair, and songwriter Cole Porter. But what should have made for dynamite entertainment, fizzled in the eyes of disappointed contemporary reviewers" ; as The New York Times put it, "there is little to suggest the old Clair wit and humor." However, TV Guide wrote, "the always enchanting Buchanan and Chevalier are a pleasure to watch in this funny, energetic musical that features some hilariously suspenseful sequences. Although it may not rank with director Clair's French classics, this perfect piece of British entertainment holds its own special place." References External links Category:1938 films Category:1930s musical comedy films Category:British musical comedy films Category:British films Category:English-language films Category:Films directed by René Clair Category:British black-and-white films Category:Films shot at Pinewood Studios Category:British remakes of French films Category:Films set in London	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ansia Camuanga Correia Ansia Camuanga Correia is an Angolan politician for the MPLA and a member of the National Assembly of Angola. References Category:Living people Category:Members of the National Assembly (Angola) Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:MPLA politicians Category:Angolan women in politics	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
8.8 cm Flak 18 (Sfl.) auf schwere Zugkraftwagen 12t (Sd.Kfz 8) The 8.8 cm Flak 18 (Sfl.) auf Zugkraftwagen 12t (Sd.Kfz. 8), also known as the Bunkerflak or Bufla, was a German Wehrmacht self-propelled gun developed before World War II and used in the first half of the war. It was used during the Invasion of Poland but is best known for its use during the Battle of France, where it was the only German self-propelled gun capable of destroying the heavier Allied tanks such as the French Char B1 and the British Matilda II. Remaining vehicles were used on the Eastern Front. The last Bufla was destroyed in 1943. Description The 8.8 cm Flak 18 (Sfl.) auf Zugkraftwagen 12t (Sd.Kfz. 8) consisted of a 8.8cm Flak 18 gun mounted on a pedestal in the rear of a Sd.Kfz. 8 half-track heavy artillery tractor ("DB s8" or "DB 9" model). A gun shield was provided for the 88, but the gun crew had no other protection. The driver's cab was replaced by a lower, armored cupola and the engine compartment was lightly () armored. The upper body had a crew compartment with three bench seats, one for the driver and his assistant, and two others for the gun crew. The gun was mounted behind the crew compartment. It could fire directly ahead without any problem, but traverse was limited to 151° to each side by the gun shield. Elevation was between -3° and +15°. The windshield could fold forward and was also removable. Design and development In the mid-1930s, most modern armies had standardized on anti-tank guns ranging from 37 mm to 45 mm. While adequate to knock out the tanks of the period, their relatively small, high-velocity rounds were ineffective against fortifications, even when high explosive ammunition was available for them. When planning for a war with Czechoslovakia, the German army needed a vehicle that could reduce armored gun turrets and concrete bunkers. Experience with the Flak 18 during the Spanish Civil War showed that it was effective against land targets such as bunkers and vehicles as well as against aircraft. For this reason, the Army Weapons Office asked for a more mobile version of Rheinmetall's 8.8 cm anti-aircraft gun. Daimler-Benz combined the best of both designs in the DB s7 prototype which appeared in 1934. It used the same engine as the ZD.5, but otherwise bore little resemblance to the older model other than an upper body that had two bench seats for the crew behind the driver's seat. This upper body remained the same over the life of the Sd.Kfz. 8. It weighed and could pull loads of . An improved version was introduced in 1936 as the DB s8. The heavier () DB 9 model appeared in 1938. It used the Maybach HL 85 TUKRM engine, could carry an payload and could tow a load. Daimler-Benz tried unsuccessfully to use their diesel OM 48/1 engine, but it was repeatedly rejected by the Army Weapons Office. Service history All ten vehicles were assigned to the first company of the anti-tank battalion Panzerjäger-Abteilung 8 which participated in the Invasion of Poland in 1939, the Battle of France in 1940 and Operation Barbarossa in 1941. The company was redesignated as Panzerjäger-Kompanie ("Anti-Tank Company") 601 in January 1942 and then as the third company of Anti-Tank Battalion 559 the following April. It reported that the last three vehicles had been lost by March 1943. References Bibliography Chamberlain, Peter, and Hilary L. Doyle. Thomas L. Jentz (Technical Editor). Encyclopedia of German Tanks of World War Two: A Complete Illustrated Directory of German Battle Tanks, Armoured Cars, Self-propelled Guns, and Semi-tracked Vehicles, 1933–1945. London: Arms and Armour Press, 1978 (revised edition 1993). Spielberger, Walter J. Halftracked Vehicles of the German Army 1909–1945. Atlgen, PA: Schiffer, 2008 External links Category:World War II half-tracks Category:Half-tracks of Germany	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mount Kenyon Mount Kenyon () is a mountain, high, standing northwest of Shenk Peak in the northern part of the Cumulus Hills, Antarctica. It was named by F. Alton Wade, leader of the Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Expedition of the United States Antarctic Research Program (1962–1963), after Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, his alma mater. References Category:Mountains of the Ross Dependency Category:Dufek Coast	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Fata Orlović Fata Orlović (née Husejnović; 6 August 1942) is a Bosniak woman who is in a legal battle with authorities of the Republika Srpska since she moved back to her home in the Bosnian village of Konjević Polje near Bratunac five years after the end of the Bosnian War in 2000. In 2000, Orlović, who had been living as a refugee and war widow ever since the end of the war, returned to her home in Konjević Polje to find that a Serbian Orthodox church had been built on her property. She is in a legal struggle to have the church removed from her land. Pre-war life Fata was born to Muslim Bosniak parents Šaban and Zlatka Husejnović in the eastern Bosnian hamlet Hrnčići on the outskirts of Bratunac. Sources vary as to her year of birth, between 1940 and 1943, although in a 2013 interview she said she was 71 years old. She married Šaćir Orlović, with whom she had seven children including four daughters: Fatima, Zlatka, Hurija, and Senija; and three sons: Šaban, Hasan, and Ejub. Before the war, Fata had four houses and four stables. Along with many Bosniaks living in the hill villages of the Drina Valley, she was ethnically/religiously cleansed from the village by the ethnic Serb military aggression during the war. Her husband Šaćir and between 22–28 other family members were killed and she and her seven children made refugees. Return to Konjević Polje and legal battle When she returned to Konjević Polje in 2000 she found that her home had been completely demolished by the Serbs and a Serbian Orthodox church built on her land. The church was built in the summer of 1996, upon the end of the war. The destruction of places of worship and other religious symbols of the communities forced from their homes was an important feature of the ethnic cleansing. New buildings like the church in Konjevic Polje were erected to emphasize that a new ethnic/religious group now owned the land. Fata Orlović has fought tenaciously to have the church removed from her garden, in the face of bureaucratic resistance and physical intimidation. She was beaten. When she complained to the authorities the priest Vasilije Kačavenda accused her of being a disseminator of national hate. She pursued a legal action through the courts which found in her favour and against the priest, ordering the church to be demolished. Although her lawyer advised her to file charges for the mistreatment, injuries and death threats she received, Fata preferred to set an example to her opponents, maintaining that "We should let things go now, it is the smartest thing to do. I am hurt, but I can not hurt anymore." She insisted that she was proud of herself and her (seven) children, and of her "smart but agonized people." She said that she wanted to say to Serbs "If you are not a good person, become one. We will die eventually, so it is better to die as a good person than as a bad one." Her efforts were supported by journalists who wholeheartedly supported Fata and helped spread the news of her struggle. In 2007 the Government of Republika Srpska agreed to fund the relocation of the church. The Office of the High Representative welcomed the agreement as a sign that Fata Orlović’s right to private property would be respected. The church is empty, awaiting relocation. Dismantling it and moving it elsewhere will cost thousands of dollars. Fata Orlović's fight against the church is regarded as a test of the potential for restoration of the rule of law in a divided Bosnia. According to James Rodehaver, human rights director for the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe(OSCE) in Sarajevo, the relocation of the church will be an important indicator of a return to the rule of law and the possibility of resolving the legacy of the war. Fata Orlović is not bothered by the fact that the building on her land is a church and that Orthodox Serbs worship there. She respects churches as much as mosques but insists that if the congregation want a church they should put it on their own land. While respecting all nations and religions, she observes that she can't respect people building on her land. She has had to build her own home on the charred remains of the old one, with her own funds with assistance some assistance from Sulejman Tihić, former member of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who provided roofing tiles, windows, and doors. For a long time she had to get by without electricity or a water supply. Security is poor. Bosniak homes are broken into and robbed, and livestock stolen. It was alleged that Serb police watch over the church while other Serbs, opposed to Bosniaks returning to their homes, go stealing. The bitter experience of expulsion has damaged Fata's ability to trust. When asked for forgiveness by those who accused her of spreading national hatred in the past she refuses to forgive, though she insists she will not hurt anyone either. "They massacred to the last, killed everyone, burned all of it, and now they ask me to forgive them. I shall not!" Awards The US Embassy in Bosnia and Herzegovina nominated Fata Orlović for the international "The Woman of Courage" award, given to brave women who fight for their rights in a nonviolent way. Orlović was chosen as the 2007 Person of the Year by the Bosnian newspapers "Dnevni avaz" and "Preporod". Documentary Orlović was the subject of an Al Jazeera Balkans documentary in November 2012 called The House That Fata Didn't Build. References Category:1942 births Category:Living people Category:People from Bratunac Category:Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslims Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina activists Category:Yugoslav Wars refugees	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
TAFE Queensland Gold Coast TAFE Queensland Gold Coast was formed from the Gold Coast Institute of TAFE (or GCIT) in 2013 on 1 July. The vocational education and training (VET) organisation services the Gold Coast region of Queensland, Australia, with five campuses across suburbs including Southport, Coomera, Ashmore and Coolangatta. As of 1 July 2017, TAFE Queensland Gold Coast was consolidated with TAFE Queensland's five other regional registered training organisations (RTOs) to form a single RTO. TAFE Queensland Gold Coast no longer exists as a separate RTO. Campus locations Ashmore Coolangatta Coomera Coomera Marine Southport References External links www.tafeqld.edu.au Category:TAFE Queensland Category:Education on the Gold Coast, Queensland	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
ZH1Z UAV ZHYZ UAV is a Chinese UAV developed by Zhuhai No.1 High School and it is an experimental UAV for VTOL research. Tornado Leopard The designer of ZHYZ UAV Tornado Leopard (Xuan-Feng Bao, 旋风豹) is the high school senior Mr. Liang Ming-Xuan (梁明轩), whose father was a team member of Chinese national team of model airplanes, and after his retirement of national team, he became a coach for Zhuhai team. Mr. Liang Ming-Xuan was heavily influenced by his father and had a keen interest in model airplane design and competition. The idea of this ZHYZ experimental UAV is rooted in the Mr. Liang Min-Xuan’s attempt to combine the advantage of helicopter and fixed-wing airplane. In October 2012, the design was submitted to the Innovation Cup All China UAV Design Competition and subsequently won first place. The VTOL UAV is produced by the school-owned factory, but the initial production was met with failure: Due to the high speed of the UAV in level flight, the precision requirement is high, so it was decided to utilize laser cutting processing. However, when the ordinary material commonly used by model airplanes was cut by laser, it disintegrated. As a result, a much more expensive high density foam material had to be used to solve the problem. Propulsion was another issue in that not only the school owned factory could not produce it, there was not any available on the market either, so it had to be custom built. The resulting VTOL UAV Tornado Leopard cost more than ¥ 20000, much more expensive than model airplanes. Tornado Leopard is a tail-sitter with winglets. Payload is mounted in the nose of the fuselage and propulsion is provided by a ducted fan mounted at the rearend of the empennage, and the ducted fan is actually a pair of coaxial rotors. The VTOL UAV takes-off and lands like a coaxial helicopter, and once airborne, Tornado Leopard would transition itself to level flight, where the coaxial rotors would act as contra-rotating propellers to provide thrust as a pusher engine. The complete name of Tornado Leopard VTOL UAV is Tornado Leopard Coaxial Rotors UAV (Xuan-Feng Bao Gong-Zhou Shuang-Jiang Wu-Ren-Ji, 旋风豹共轴双桨无人机) See also List of unmanned aerial vehicles of the People's Republic of China References Category:Unmanned aerial vehicles of China	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Industrial Green Chemistry World Industrial Green Chemistry World (IGCW), previously known as Industrial Green Chemistry Workshop, is the first and largest Industrial convention which focuses on expanding, implementing and commercializing green chemistry and green engineering based technologies and products in the chemical industry. The first event was held in Powai, Mumbai, in 2009. The event is mainly divided into four sub-events - the Symposium, the Expo, the Awards and the Seminars. The IGCW Symposium is a platform where expert speakers from the academia and the industry deliver presentations on green sustainable innovations and achievements. The Expo is a platform for organizations from the chemical and pharmaceutical industry to exhibit their latest green chemistry innovations. The IGCW award recognizes outstanding research and initiatives in green chemistry and engineering to promote innovation in cleaner, cheaper, smarter chemistry developments that have been or can be utilized by the industry to achieve pollution prevention goals. History IGCW is a biennial event dedicated to the cause of implementing and commercializing green chemistry and engineering on a large scale. The event is jointly organized by Green ChemisTree Foundation and Newreka Green Synth Technologies Pvt. Ltd. The first event, which was held in 2009, addressed the need of the Indian chemical industry's future direction with global trends in sustainability, besides exploring opportunities for leveraging industrial green chemistry models for business differentiation and competitiveness. Over 300 participants from the chemical industry; 65% from chemical companies, 15% from academic and research institutes, 13% students and 7% officials from governments, their associates and societal bodies made up the attendees at the event. Overview Industrial Green Chemistry World (IGCW) has a special focus primarily over the four most chemistry-intensive sectors: Pharmaceuticals Agro-chemicals Dyes & Pigments Specialty, Fine and Performance Chemicals. IGCW 2009 The first event was held on December 4 to 6, 2009, at Hotel Renaissance in Mumbai, India. It served as a major milestone to create awareness and provide the momentum for green chemistry and engineering technologies. It addressed the need of the Indian chemical industry's future direction with global trends in sustainability, besides exploring opportunities for leveraging industrial green chemistry models for business differentiation and competitiveness. The event was organized by Newreka GreenSynth Pvt. Ltd., Green Chemistry Network Center, University of Delhi, the Indian Chapter of American Chemical Society-GCI-USA and co-organized by Chemical Industry Digest and Block Dale Publications, Mumbai. The event also served as an interaction and learning platform for over 300 stakeholders from the chemical industry, with 64% participation from the representatives of chemical companies, 16% from academic and research institutes, 13% students and 7% officials from the Government, their associates and societal bodies. Over 300 chief delegates from pharmaceuticals, bulk drugs, agro based companies, dye and pigments, fine and specialty chemical companies participated in the event. For the first time in the history of chemical industry, the event attracted active participation and leadership from leading experts of green chemistry from around the world. Dr. Paul Anastas and Dr. John Warner, considered as the fathers of green chemistry, Dr. Bob Peoples, Director of the American Chemical Society, Dr. John Peterson Myers, CEO & Chief Scientist at Environmental Health Services, USA, Dr. Kira Matus, Sr. Policy Analyst at the Center for green chemistry and green engineering at Yale University, USA, were among them. It recognized outstanding research initiatives in the field of green chemistry and engineering to promote pollution prevention models. The award winners included PI Industries in the 'MNCs and Large Enterprises' category and Catapharma Pvt. Ltd. in the 'Start-up to Medium Scale Enterprises' category. Through the IGCW awards, these upcoming companies received national recognition for their outstanding technologies that incorporated the principles of green chemistry into chemical designing, manufacturing and use, and that have been or can be utilized by them in achieving their pollution prevention goals. Team Biosynth from IIT-Bombay received the award for 'Innovation and Research' in the field of green chemistry and engineering in the 'Students Category'. The promotion of green technology via production of bio-diesel by a team of undergraduate students was appreciated by the eminent personalities who visited the workshop. This award was presented by Dr. Paul Anastas and Dr. John Warner. IGCW 2011 Exhibits included concepts like switchable solvents, intelligent fluids, micro-reactors, recyclable enzyme catalysts, etc. The technical seminars shed light on green chemical processes, solvents, catalysts, matrices & measurements, and engineering. The companies showcasing at the IGCW-Expo came in all sizes, small;medium and large industries like Tata Chemicals’ Innovation Center, Excel Industries, Godavari Biorefineries, Lonza, etc. Eight laboratories under the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR) along with professors from the Institute Chemical Technology(ICT) and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-B) also demonstrated their technologies. References External links IGCW Official Website Newreka Green Synth Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Green ChemisTree Foundation Category:Chemical industry	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
One Museum Park One Museum Park is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States. It was designed by Chicago-based architecture firm Pappageorge Haymes, Ltd. and is located in the Near South Side community area. Overview One Museum Park is the tallest building in the Central Station development, the tallest building on the south side of Chicago and the tallest in Chicago south of Van Buren Street. It is also the second tallest all-residential building in Chicago after the Legacy at Millennium Park. Museum Park is a complex of multiple residential towers within the Central Station development at the southern edge of Grant Park, across Lake Shore Drive from Chicago's Museum Campus. Construction of One Museum Park was followed by the 54-story The Grant (formerly One Museum Park West), directly to the west at the corner of Roosevelt Road and Indiana Avenue. Education The building is zoned to schools in the Chicago Public Schools. South Loop Elementary School Phillips Academy High School See also List of buildings List of skyscrapers List of tallest buildings in Chicago List of tallest buildings in the United States World's tallest structures References External links Official website Emporis listing Prairie District Neighborhood Alliance Website Google Earth Model Category:Residential buildings completed in 2010 Category:Residential skyscrapers in Chicago Category:Residential condominiums in Chicago	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Vann Peak Vann Peak () is a small but prominent bare rock peak (2,140 m) which is the central and dominant feature of three aligned peaks at the west end of Ohio Range. It was surveyed by the United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) Horlick Mountains Traverse party in December 1958, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Charlie E. Vann, the chief of the photogrammetry unit responsible for Antarctic maps in the Branch of Special Maps, U.S. Geological Survey. Category:Mountains of Marie Byrd Land	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Barrett Model 98B The Barrett Model 98B (also known as the Barrett Model 98 Bravo) is a bolt-action sniper rifle chambered in .338 Lapua Magnum (8.6×70mm or 8.58×70mm) manufactured by Barrett Firearms Manufacturing. The Model 98B was officially announced in October 2008, and became available for sale in early 2009, with an MSRP of $4,495.00. The Model 98B achieves sub-MOA shot groupings of at , at , and at . Overview Barrett engineers began designing the Model 98B in 1997, with a goal of developing a precision tactical .338 Lapua rifle not based on any sporting rifles. The initial semi-auto design, the Model 98 was unveiled at the 1998 SHOT Show, but never went into full production. In recent years, Ronnie Barrett's son, Chris, revived the company's interest in the .338 rifle. Many of the Model 98B's features are inspired by Stoner's AR-15/M16; the hinged aluminum upper and lower receivers, ergonomic pistol grip and thumb operated safety are all borrowed from Stoner's design. The upper receiver also features a full length () 1913 style Picatinny rail for mounting optics, lasers, etc., and two additional accessory rails are mounted forward of the main rail on each side of the upper. The Model 98B also features a fluted medium-heavy barrel made of 4150 MIL-B-11595 steel. The barrel is rifled in a six groove, 1:10" right hand twist pattern, and features a two-port muzzle brake threaded on and indexed by a jam nut. The bolt rides in a new "bolt guide" design, consisting of two tubular glass-filled polymer guides which have been infused with Teflon. These guides allow the bolt to travel better, as well as reducing the need for lubrication, and helping to seal the ejection and bolt handle ports from dirt. The bolt head is made of case-hardened 8620 steel, features nine lugs (three sets of three), and is attached to the bolt body with a crosspin. This separate bolt head design allows for simple caliber changes, as well as future pre-headspaced barrel and bolt-head sets. The lower receiver is forged from 7075 aluminum, can mount any type of AR-15/M-16 pistol grip, and features an ambidextrous magazine latch just forward of the integral trigger guard. Also featured within the lower receiver is the rifle's trigger assembly. The trigger assembly can be removed from the receiver as a single unit, and features adjustment screws for weight (2 to 4 lbs.) and overtravel, as well as a reversible AR-15/M-16 style thumb safety. The skeletonized buttstock is also integral to the lower receiver, and features a thick Sorbothane buttpad with spacers for pull adjustment, a polymer cheekpiece with of variable comb height, and an adjustable monopod. The rifle also comes from the factory with a Harris brand S-BR bipod attached to the fore-end. The Model 98B was featured both on the cover, and in an article, of the April 2009 issue of American Rifleman magazine. MRAD Barrett's offering for USSOCOM Precision Sniper Rifle Contract, the MRAD is derived from the Model 98B; changes include cutting back the fixed stock and integrating a folding adjustable stock, a Desert Tan finish color, a front loading quick change barrel for caliber change although at this point the only offered barrel and caliber is a 24.5-inch fluted barrel with a 1 turn in 10 right hand twist chambered for .338 Lapua Magnum. Safety recall On September 9, 2009, Barrett released a recall notice regarding the Model 98B. They determined that if the rifle is dropped or subjected to a significant impact, it could accidentally discharge. A modification to the lower receiver is required to ensure user safety. Users :Used by the Joint Task Force 2 :Used by Indian Special Forces and the NSG :Used by the Special Air Service :Used by the Academi, 75th Ranger Regiment (United States), DEVGRU, and Delta Force See also Accuracy International AWM C14 Timberwolf Sako TRG References External links Barrett product page on the Model 98B Barrett Model 98B operator's manual Poole, Eric, Barrett Model 98B .338 Lapua mag, Special Weapons for Military & Police Video Statistics and Shooting of the Model 98B from AmericanRifleman.org Category:2008 introductions Category:Barrett firearms Category:Bolt-action rifles Category:Sniper rifles of the United States	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Burzum (album) Burzum is the debut studio album by the Norwegian black metal solo project of the same name. It was released in March 1992, through Euronymous's label Deathlike Silence Productions. Six of the songs were later re-recorded in 2010 and released on the album From the Depths of Darkness, as Varg Vikernes was dissatisfied with some of the original vocals and production. The album was later re-released as Burzum / Aske, which also included the Aske EP as a packed-in bonus. Only the Aske version of "A Lost Forgotten Sad Spirit" was included on this edition. Track listing All music and lyrics by Varg Vikernes except "Ea, Lord of the Deeps", words taken from the Necronomicon. Note: Later pressings rename Track 3 as "Spell of Destruction" as Vikernes claims the word "Black" was added to the title by Euronymous without his knowledge. Later editions also rename Track 2 to "Ea, Lord of the Depths". Personnel Burzum Count Grishnackh – vocals, guitar, bass guitar, drums, synthesizer, production Additional personnel Euronymous – guitar solo on "War", gong on "Dungeons of Darkness" Pytten (Eirik Hundvin) – engineering, mastering, production Jannicke Wiise-Hansen – album artwork (artwork is a partial re-creation of The Temple of Elemental Evil's cover art.) References External links Burzum on Burzum's official website Category:1992 debut albums Category:Burzum albums pt:Belus	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Denys Carnill Denys John Carnill (11 March 1926 – 30 March 2016) was a British field hockey player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics, in the 1956 Summer Olympics, and in the 1960 Summer Olympics. He also played one first-class cricket match for Oxford University in 1950. Denys Carnill was born on 11 March 1926 and educated at Hitchin Grammar School (now Hitchin Boys' School). His National Service was between 1944 and 1948 in the RAF. Subsequently, he went up to Worcester College, Oxford, where he read History. He showed considerable sporting talent from an early age. He gained an Oxford Blue for Hockey in the 1950-51 season and went on to play for Gloucestershire, the West of England, England (captain, 45 caps) and finally Great Britain (captain, 27 caps). He captained the national side in the Olympics at Helsinki (1952, where the team won a Bronze Medal), Melbourne (1956) and Rome (1960), when E. S. Hoare, another Dean Close teacher, was manager, and also during which Denys spent a year at Geelong Grammar School, Victoria, on exchange. He was also a very good cricketer and played for Hertfordshire for a number of years. Teaching He went to Dean Close School in 1951, appointed by A. N. 'Tony' Gilkes, the then Headmaster, on the personal recommendation of the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University, to teach Hockey and History, in that order. The Headmaster sought to rebuild the School's previously good Hockey reputation after the problems resulting from World War II. Supported by two very able colleagues, E. S. Hoare, himself a former international, and C. A. P. Tuckwell, formerly West of England, the quality of hockey rose and by 1957 Dean Close School was producing such players as R. I. Ireland, who later captained Cambridge University, Wiltshire and England and who also played for Great Britain, together with W. J. Benton-Evans and F. C. Welles, who were to play for Wales and Scotland respectively. Talented hockey players seemed to flow frequently from the School. It gave Denys much pleasure to discover that, apart from one year, there was continuous Dean Close representation in the Cambridge v. Oxford Universities annual Hockey Match 1957-74. The Hockey XI in 1955, 1957 and 1961 were unbeaten by any other school side. Denys realised that the future of Hockey lay in the use of artificial pitches, and it was he who was behind the fund-raising efforts that eventually resulted in the first artificial pitch in any school in England at Dean Close School. It consisted of 'Redgra' and was opened on 4 March 1961 by a match between a Hockey Association XI and the School XI. The latter won 3-2. Today the pitch, since completely remodelled, is called 'Carnill's' in his honour. When he first arrived, Denys was appointed House Tutor of Walton Court House, and so began the first of 33 years of service to Dean Close School. He was an innovator, founding the Economics and Politics Department and arranging numerous visits and visiting speakers. One former colleague comments: 'Denys was in charge of the Department when I joined Dean Close for my first teaching post as a young man. It was immediately obvious to me what an inspirational figure Denys was. He was highly intelligent, fascinated by Politics and totally involved in the life of Dean Close. Friday evenings were lecture time when Denys would invite guests from political life to talk to our students. It was a time where controversial issues would often be discussed and Denys was marvellously open minded, prepared to listen to viewpoints with which he disagreed. He was a strong advocate of free speech. I could tell when he disagreed with someone because a very serious look would pass across Denys's face. He would then say what he felt. Importantly Denys was a man who saw the shades of grey in difficult issues.' He took over the Social Service Group in the 1960s and developed both it and ties with various homes and institutions such as the Cheshire and Eildon Homes, Nazareth House, Dr Barnado's, Ullenwood, and Betteridge School. He became aware of the need for a wheelchair in 1973 for the Social Service Group, and arranged a special Chapel collection. This led to Denys organizing, with two colleagues, the first School Midsummer Fair. Over the next ten years, the Fair grew into a large annual event, raising thousands of pounds for local charities as well as the Social Service Group. A former colleague wrote: 'Denys had an optimistic cast of mind and it was a joy to hear him walking along a corridor or across a quadrangle singing or humming to himself. He was a man who was happy with himself with a secure loving family life. He had a ready smile and was able to laugh at himself. To give one instance of a story Denys used to tell against himself: in 1979 a new Headmaster was appointed whom Denys, being a senior member of staff, had met. During the summer vacation Denys was walking across Big Field (the playing fields which he loved) and happened to see a large man walking towards him. "Hello Denys and how are you?" said the new Headmaster. Denys smiled, said hello and then asked if they had met before.' Retirement Denys retired in 1984. He was now able to be with his family more often. He had met and married Pam Clarke in 1961 when she had been the Dean Close Headmaster's Secretary. They were married in the School Chapel by the Headmaster of the day, the Rev'd Douglas Graham. Denys and Pam had two daughters – Sally, born in 1963 and Elizabeth 'Libby', born in 1965. His new freedom gave Denys time to develop his considerable painting talent. His pictures of landscapes and interesting buildings in Cheltenham and the surrounding area were – and continue to be – much admired, and his work was to be seen on display from time to time in Cheltenham. The same former colleague, himself no mean artist, writes: 'He was inspired by a famous watercolourist called James Fletcher Watson and when I look at Denys's mature work I think Fletcher Watson would have been proud especially of a wonderful series of paintings of local grounds where Gloucestershire played. Denys in turn inspired me, for which I am eternally grateful.' The Old Decanians Society celebrated Denys' 90th Birthday on 11 March 2016 by sending him a 40-page booklet in which Old Decanians and former members of staff had included their greetings and memories of him. He read and understood them all but within three weeks of his Birthday he had died. Three comments in those greetings sum up the man who was Denys Carnill. The first comment was "… [Denys] has always been the most humble of men despite being one of Britain's most prominent Olympians and undoubtedly one of its Hockey Superstars …" The second observed: "… A warm and kind person, incredibly sincere and down to earth …" The last said 'I loved working with Denys and I found him an inspiration as a person. He was like a second father to me. He had a zest for life which few people have. He often said what a joy it was to work at Dean Close and I'm so grateful that some of that joy came my way.'" References Category:1926 births Category:2016 deaths Category:British male field hockey players Category:Olympic field hockey players of Great Britain Category:Field hockey players at the 1952 Summer Olympics Category:Field hockey players at the 1956 Summer Olympics Category:Field hockey players at the 1960 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic bronze medallists for Great Britain Category:Olympic medalists in field hockey Category:English cricketers Category:Oxford University cricketers Category:Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics Category:People educated at Hitchin Boys' School Category:Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford Category:Schoolteachers from Gloucestershire Category:Hertfordshire cricketers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Wyndham Halswelle Wyndham Halswelle (30 May 1882 – 31 March 1915) was a British athlete. He won the controversial 400 m race at the 1908 Summer Olympics, becoming the only athlete to win an Olympic title by a walkover. Early life Born in London to London-born, Edinburgh-trained artist Keeley Halswelle and Helen Marianna Elizabeth Gordon, he is nonetheless usually referred to as being Scottish, the nationality of his maternal grandfather, General Nathaniel J. Gordon. Wyndham Halswelle had a notable athletic career at Charterhouse School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, before being commissioned into the Highland Light Infantry in 1901. While his regiment was in South Africa in 1902 for the Second Boer War, Halswelle's ability was recognised by Jimmy Curran, a coach and amateur athlete. It was he who persuaded Halswelle to take up athletics seriously when his regiment returned to Edinburgh in 1904. Domestic athletics In 1904 he was army champion for 880 yards, and in 1905 he won the Scottish and AAA 440 yard (402 m) titles. In the 1906 Athens Intercalated Olympics, he achieved a silver medal in the 400 metres and a bronze in the 800 metres. On his return, in a single afternoon in 1906 at the Scottish championships in Powderhall, he won the 100, 220, 440 and 880 yards races (91, 201, 402, 805 m), a feat that has not been matched since. His season was cut short by a leg injury in 1907, but he came back the following year to set a world record of 31.2 s for 300 yards (274 m) and a British record over 440 yards of 48.4 s that lasted over a quarter of a century until it was eventually broken by Godfrey Rampling. In 1908 he set a Scottish 300 yards record that lasted until 1961 when it was beaten by Menzies Campbell, then a Glasgow University student. 1908 Summer Olympics In 1908 Summer Olympics, Halswelle reached the final of the 400 m with the fastest qualifying time (an Olympic record of 48.4 s). The 400 m was not run in lanes at this point. Halswelle was baulked by William Robbins in the first 50 m. Then, coming off the final bend, Robbins led John Carpenter by a yard, with Halswelle waiting to pass him in the last straight, as he had done to other athletes in the earlier rounds. Carpenter ran wide, forcing Halswelle to within eighteen inches of the outside of the track, using his right elbow to prevent Halswelle overtaking. British umpire Roscoe Badger observed that Carpenter manoeuvred so as to prevent Halswelle from passing him. While blocking competitors was an acceptable strategy in the United States, it was prohibited by the British rules under which the 1908 London Olympics were organised. Badger immediately signalled the judges to declare the race void. Pictures of the race indicate that Carpenter (intentionally or not) blocked Halswelle. Carpenter was disqualified, and the race was ordered to be rerun in lanes two days later; however, the other two U.S. runners refused to race, so a reluctant Halswelle ran the race by himself to win the gold in a time of 50.2 s. It is the only occasion in Olympic history where the final was a walkover. As a result of the controversy, from the next Olympics in 1912 onwards all 400 metre races were run in lanes, and the International Amateur Athletic Federation was founded to establish uniform worldwide rules for athletics. The controversy soured Halswelle's view of athletics. He was also under pressure from his senior officers, who felt he was being exploited, and he retired from athletics after a farewell appearance at the 1908 Glasgow Rangers Sports. Death Halswelle, by then a captain, was killed by a sniper at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle in France, during World War I, on 31 March 1915 aged 32 while attempting to rescue an injured fellow officer. Earlier in the same battle (12 March) he was hit by shrapnel or shell fragments while leading his men across an area known as Layes Brook but despite his wounds he refused to be evacuated and continued at the front, although heavily bandaged. In the issue of the HLI regimental magazine that announced his death also appeared a piece he wrote days before it. It described a battle where 79 of his fellow soldiers died to gain 15 yards: "I called on the men to get over the parapet... There is great difficulty in getting out of a trench, especially for small men laden with a pack, rifle and perhaps 50 rounds in the pouch, and a bandolier of 50 rounds hung around them, and perhaps four feet of slippery clay perpendicular wall with sandbags on the top. I got about three men hit actually on top of the parapet. I made a dash at the parapet and fell back. The Jocks then heaved me up and I jumped into a ditch – an old trench filled with liquid mud – which took me some time to get out of." His grave was marked with a wooden cross, with his name in charcoal. Later his remains were re-interred in the Royal Irish Rifles Graveyard at Laventie, near Armentières. In 2003, he was posthumously inducted into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame. His Olympic medals and other trophies are displayed there. See also List of Olympians killed in World War I References Category:1882 births Category:1915 deaths Category:Anglo-Scots Category:Highland Light Infantry officers Category:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War Category:British Army personnel of World War I Category:British military personnel killed in World War I Category:British male middle-distance runners Category:British male sprinters Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst Category:Scottish soldiers Category:Scottish Sports Hall of Fame inductees Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1908 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic athletes of Great Britain Category:Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain Category:Sportspeople from London Category:People educated at Charterhouse School Category:Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics Category:Medalists at the 1906 Intercalated Games Category:Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Conservative Party (Iceland) The Conservative Party () was a conservative political party in Iceland between 1924 and 1929. History The party was established in 1924 by a majority of the members of the Citizens' Party. It won the 1926 Upper House elections and the 1927 parliamentary elections, in which it received 42.% of the vote. In 1929 it merged with the Liberal Party to form the Independence Party. Ideology The party supported the full independence of Iceland and separation from the Danish crown. References Category:Defunct political parties in Iceland Category:Political parties established in 1924 Category:Political parties disestablished in 1929 Category:1924 establishments in Iceland Category:1929 disestablishments in Iceland Category:Conservative parties in Iceland Category:Independence Party (Iceland)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Clonixin Clonixin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It also has analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. It is used primarily in the treatment of chronic arthritic conditions and certain soft tissue disorders associated with pain and inflammation. Synthesis Clonixeril The glyceryl ester of clonixin, clonixeril, is also a NSAID. It was prepared by a somewhat roundabout method. Clonixin was reacted with chloroacetonitrile and triethylamine to give 2. Heating with potassium carbonate and glycerol actonide displaced the activating group to produce ester 3, which was deblocked in acetic acid to produce clonixeril (4). See also Flunixin Clonixeril References Category:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Category:Chloroarenes Category:Aminopyridines Category:Anilines Category:Aromatic acids	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Deutsch-Polnische Gesellschaft Bundesverband Deutsch-Polnische Gesellschaft Bundesverband (DPG, ) is a society of different regional associations which promote reconciliation and cultural exchange of Germany and Poland. It was founded in 1996, succeeding the Bundesverband deutsch-polnischer Gesellschaften, which was founded in 1987. One of the goals is the integration of Poland in die European Union. The organization is based in Berlin. The association publishes a quarterly bilingual magazine, . Beginning in 2005, the association has awarded an annually a prize, also called DIALOG, to persons and organisations that are "a model for the dielogue of nations and cultures in Europe, and the improvement of German-Polish relations" ("... in vorbildlicher Art und Weise für den Dialog der Völker und Kulturen in Europa sowie die Vertiefung der deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen engagieren"). Recipients have included: 2005: Tygodnik Powszechny, Kraków weekly 2006: Pogranicze, foundation in Sejny 2007: 2008: Steffen Möller, writer and cabaretist 2009: Ludwig Mehlhorn, Wolfgang Templin 2010: , historian, and Kowalski trifft Schmidt, TV 2011: Institut für angewandte Geschichte, in Frankfurt (Oder) 2012: , writer 2013: Grażyna Słomka, Adam Krzemiński, publicists 2014: Lech Wałęsa and the Interregionaler Gewerkschaftsrat Elbe-Neiße 2015: Zofia Posmysz, writer, and 2016: Marek Prawda, diplomat 2017: , journalist and literature translator References External links Category:Clubs and societies in Germany Category:Germany–Poland relations Category:1996 establishments in Europe	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of Malaysian sportspeople of Indian descent This is a list of notable Malaysian sportspeople of Indian origin, including original immigrants who obtained Malaysian citizenship and their Malaysian descendants. Entries on this list are demonstrably notable by having a linked current article or reliable sources as footnotes against the name to verify they are notable and define themselves either full or partial Indian origin, whose ethnic origin lie in India. This list also includes emigrant Malaysian sportspeople of Indian origin and could be taken as a list of famous Malaysian sportspeople of Indian origin. Athletics Canagasabai Kunalan, Singaporean sprinter, relay runner, former footballer and educator. Govindasamy Saravanan, Malaysian race walker. He won the gold medal at the 1998 Commonwealth Games Mani Jegathesan, Malaysian athletes Nashatar Singh Sidhu, Malaysian former javelin thrower who competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics and in the 1968 Summer Olympics. Shanti Govindasamy Aquatics Abdul Malik Mydin, Malaysian solo long-distance swimmer Badminton Punch Gunalan Renuga Veeran, Australian badminton player Sutheaswari Mudukasan Sannatasah Saniru, female Malaysian badminton player who competed at 2012 Japan Super Series Anita Raj Kaur Cricket Arul Vivasvan Suppiah David Thalalla Jeevandran Nair John Prakash Krishnamurthi Muniandy Kunjiraman Ramadas Lall Singh Manrick Singh Marimuthu Muniandy Pavandeep Singh Rakesh Madhavan Ramesh Menon Ramesh Menon Rattan Jaidka (1927) Rohan Mark Selvaratnam Rohan Vishnu Suppiah Santhara Vello Sarath Jayawardene (1993–2007) Shankar Retinam Suresh Navaratnam Suresh Sakadivan Suresh Singh Suriaprakash Ganesan (2004–present) Suhan Alagaratnam Fencing Ronnie Theseira Association football or soccer Devasagayam Christie Jayaseelan Reuben Thayaparan Kathiripillai Depan Sakwati K. Nanthakumar Razali Umar Kandasamy Gary Steven Robbat Kunanlan Subramaniam Suppiah Chanturu K. Sasi Kumar Rajesh Perumal V. Kavi Chelvan G. Puaneswaran S. Sivanesan Gopinathan Ramachandra D. Saarvindran Surendran Ravindran K. Ravindran Thirumurugan Veeran Gunasekaran Jeevananthan Padathan Gunalan M. Sivakumar R. Surendran G. Mahathevan Gurusamy S. Subramaniam Veenod Subramaniam 1.Representing or had represented the Malaysia national football team R. Arumugam, Malaysia football legend Santokh Singh, Malaysia football legend R. Surendran, striker for Selangor FA Thanabalan Nadarajah, played in Malaysia national football team during the 2017 Southeast Asian Games K. Gurusamy S. Kunanlan Thirumurugan Veeran Victor Andrag D. Saarvindran S. Veenod, plays as a midfielder for Selangor FA Gary Steven Robbat K. Ravindran K. Rajan R. Surendran K. Ravindran Suppiah Chanturu V. Murugan, former Malaysia national football team goalkeeper K. Nanthakumar S. Subramaniam D. Christie Jayaseelan K. Sasi Kumar Ramesh Lai Ban Huat Padathan Gunalan S. Sarath Babu G. Jeevananthan C. Premnath K. Reuben G. Mahathevan D. Surendran Surendran Ravindran V. Saravanan Thamil Arasu Ambumamee Gary Steven Robbat D. Saarvindran K. Depan Sakwati V. Kavi Chelvan Devasagayam Christie Jayaseelan P. Rajesh M. Sivakumar K. Linggam S. Sivanesan Yosri Derma Raju Gunasekaran Jeevananthan G. Mahathevan G. Puaneswaran Gopinathan Ramachandra C.Nadarajan V.Krishnasamy Hockey Kuhan Shanmuganathan, Malaysia Number one hockey player. Kuhan is known as one of the penalty corner specialist. Kumar Subramaniam, national hockey player Peter van Huizen, national hockey player Selvaraju Sandrakasi Sarjit Singh, national hockey player Baljit Singh Charun, national hockey player Baljit Singh Sarjab, national player Duraisingam Sinnadurai, national hockey player John Shaw, former field hockey player, who represented Great Britain in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona and the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta Martial art Puvaneswaran Ramasamy, National elite Karate, Rangga Roa tae kwon do l Motorsport Karamjit Singh, first Asian driver to win the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) Production Car World Championship for Drivers Nadarajan Periasamy Nandakumar Puspanathan Scrabble Ganesh Asirvatham, world runner-up scrabble player in 2007, and Guinness World Records holder since 2007. Sports management Shebby Singh, Sport Pundit Peter Velappan, general secretary of the Asian Football Confederation from 1978 to 2007 K. Rajagopal, Malaysia national football team manager B. Sathianathan, former coach of Malaysia national football team K. Devan, former manager of Malaysia national football team M. Karathu, former Malaysian football manager and player. E. Elavarasan, current coach of the Malaysia Super League football team Terengganu FA S. Veloo, ex-coach of Penang FA Stanley Bernard Stephen Samuel Sarjit Singh, national field hockey coach Squash Nicol David, world number one female squash player Vanessa Raj Sanjay Singh Sivasangari Subramaniam Tennis Theiviya Selvarajoo, Malaysia Fed Cup team player Kanagaraj Balakrishnan Track cycling Arulraj Rosli Murugayan Kumaresan References Category:Lists of Malaysian people Category:Lists of people of Indian descent Category:Malaysian people of Indian descent	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Remington Model 870 The Remington Model 870 is a pump-action shotgun manufactured by Remington Arms Company, LLC. It is widely used by the public for sport shooting, hunting, and self-defense and used by law enforcement and military organizations worldwide. Development The Remington 870 was the fourth major design in a series of Remington pump shotguns. John Pedersen designed the fragile Remington Model 10 (and later the improved Remington Model 29). John Browning designed the Remington Model 17 (which was later adapted by Ithaca into the Ithaca 37), which served as the basis for the Remington 31. The Model 31 was well liked, but struggled for sales in the shadow of the Winchester Model 12. Remington sought to correct that in 1950 by introducing a modern, streamlined, rugged, reliable, and relatively inexpensive shotgun – the 870. Sales of the 870 have been steady. They reached two million guns by 1973 (ten times the number of Model 31 shotguns it replaced). As of 1983, the 870 held the record for best-selling shotgun in history with three million sold. By 1996, spurred by sales of the basic "Express" models, which were added as a lower-cost alternative to the original Wingmaster line, sales topped seven million guns. On April 13, 2009, the ten millionth Model 870 was produced. Design details The 870 features a bottom-loading, side ejecting receiver and a tubular magazine under the barrel. The gun comes with a plug for hunting which reduces the magazine's capacity to two rounds. It has dual action bars, internal hammer, and a bolt which locks into an extension in the barrel. The action, receiver, fire control group, safety catch and slide release catch of the Remington Model 870 shotgun are similar to those used on the Remington Model 7600 series pump-action centerfire rifles and carbines. The basic fire control group design was first used in the automatic 11–48. Twelve gauge stocks will also interchange on the older 12-gauge-sized 20-gauge receivers, although modification is needed to fit the smaller sized 20-gauge receivers employed since the late 1970s. Several parts of the 870 will interchange with the semi-automatic Remington 1100 and 11–87. The original 870 models were offered with fixed chokes. In 1986 Remington introduced the new Remington "Rem Choke" system of screw-in chokes (also fitted to Remington model 1100 auto-loading shotguns at the same time). Initially, the Rem Chokes were offered only in 12 gauge in barrel lengths of 21", 26", and 28". The following year the availability was expanded to the 20 gauge and included other barrel lengths. Production 870s for over 30 years had a design whereby a user could fail to press a shell all the way into the magazine when loading such that the shell latch did not engage the shell, and such actions could tie up the gun. This was caused by the shell which slipped out of the magazine under the bolt in the receiver to bind the action, requiring rough treatment of the action or even disassembly to clear by the uninitiated. The potential issue was resolved with the introduction of the "Flexi Tab" carrier. Guns with this modification can be identified by the "U"-shaped cut-out on the carrier, visible from below the gun. The cut-out, combined with a modified machining on the underside of the slide assembly, allows the action to be opened with a shell on the carrier. Variants There are hundreds of variations of the Remington 870 in 12, 16, 20, 28 gauges and .410 bore. In 1969 Remington introduced 28 gauge and .410 bore models on a new scaled down receiver size, and in 1972 a 20 gauge Lightweight version was introduced on the same sized receiver, and all of the smaller gauges today are produced on that size receiver. From the original fifteen models offered, Remington currently produces dozens of models for civilian, law enforcement, and military sales. 870 variants can be grouped into: Express – Matte blue/black bead-blasted with hardwood, laminated hardwood or synthetic stocks and chambered for 2 3/4" and 3" 12 or 20 gauge shotshells. All Expresses have been chambered in 3" in 12 and 20 gauge, but markings have varied. Marine – Nickel-plated with synthetic stocks. Mark 1 – adopted by the United States Marine Corps in the late 1960s and saw service into the 21st century. The Model 870 Mark 1 has a 21-inch (53 cm) barrel with an extended magazine increasing total capacity to 8 rounds, and was fitted with an adapter allowing use of the standard M7 bayonet for the M16 rifle. MCS (Modular Combat Shotgun) – A new modular version of the M870 which can be quickly modified with different barrels, magazine tubes, and stocks for different purposes, such as urban combat and door breaching. Police – Chambered in 12 gauge only with a 3" magnum chamber. Blued or Parkerized steel finish. These models feature a stronger sear spring, carrier latch spring, and a forged steel extractor (as opposed to the MIM extractor found on Express models). Receivers are stamped "Remington 870 Police Magnum" as of 2014. They are equipped with Police-specific walnut or synthetic stocks which are fitted with sling mounts. Walnut stocks lack checkering as found on the Express/Wingmaster models. 870P models come with matching walnut or synthetic forends that are shortened to prevent interference with most vehicle-mounted rack systems. The shortened forend also allows quick visual inspection of the magazine regardless of what position the forend is in, whereas the lengthened sport-type forend on other models partially blocks the loading port when pulled to the rear. Police models are available with 18" or 20" barrels, with or without rifle sights, and have a standard capacity of four rounds. They can be ordered with a two or three round extended magazine tube from the factory, bringing total capacity to 6+1 (18" barrel) or 7+1 (20" barrel). All police barrels come with an Improved Cylinder choke unless special ordered. Super Mag – Chambered for 3½" 12 gauge shotshells. Wingmaster – Blued steel with high gloss or satin walnut stocks. They have been offered in Skeet, Trap, and field configurations. Originally the basic Wingmaster was chambered for 2 3/4" rounds and came with a fixed choke, and the 3" chambered versions were designated Magnum models. Models built after 1986 offer the RemChoke Interchangeable choke tube system, and the 12 and 20 gauge versions are chambered in 3" for either 2 3/4" or 3" shells. Prior to the introduction of the "Police" model 870, altered Wingmasters were popular among law enforcement. Tac-14 – Black oxide receiver finish, with a synthetic stock. The Tac-14 is meant to be extremely short, but retains the reliability and stopping power of previous models. It is chambered in 12 gauge, with a 14" barrel and a capacity of 4+1. Tac-14 DM - Similar to the regular Tac-14, varying only in the fact that it uses an external box magazine rather than the internal tube magazine in other models. This allows for the size of the Tac-14, but a capacity of 6+1. 870 DM - Matte Blue receiver finish with a synthetic stock. Differs from other 870 models with an external box magazine, similarly to the Tac-14 DM, allowing a capacity of 6+1. 200th Anniversary Edition – To celebrate the 200th Anniversary of Remington, two models were designed. One was a Wingmaster with some styling in the wood and a golden emblem on the bottom of the stock. The second was a limited edition Wingmaster that stopped production after 2016, with the same styling, but extended across the entirety of the stock and pump, and also extends to the receiver and barrel, with a golden ring on the end of the barrel. The emblem on the bottom is also a richer gold, possibly real gold, and there is a golden ribbon under the shell ejection reading "1816 Bicentennial 2016" along with a golden trigger, and a golden symbol of a hunter with a firearm in hand walking. Chinese versions Arms manufacturer Norinco, of the People's Republic of China, has made unlicensed copies of the Remington 870 as the design is no longer under patent protection. The most common of these designs are the Norinco HP9-1 and M-98, the difference being that the HP9-1 has either a 12.5" or 14" barrel, whereas the M-98 has an 18.5" barrel. In the United States, where most Norinco products are specifically non-importable, this shotgun was imported and sold under the names Norinco Hawk 982 and Interstate Hawk 982. Users See also Combat shotgun KAC Masterkey List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces References External links Remington page for 870 A guide to Collecting Remington 870 Shotguns from Remington Society Remington page for 870 Tactical Remington Military MCS page Important differences between Remington 870 Police and 870 Express shotguns KAC Masterkey page Model 870P MAX Police Blog and forum about Remington 870 Category:Cold War firearms of the United States Category:Police weapons Category:Pump-action shotguns Category:Remington Arms firearms Category:United States Marine Corps equipment Category:Shotguns of the United States	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Malaysia Federal Route 111 Federal Route 111, or Jalan Tanjung Rhu (formerly Kedah state route K33), is a major federal road in Langkawi Island, Kedah, Malaysia. The Kilometre Zero of Federal Route 111 starts at Tanjung Rhu. Features Air Hangat beach Tanjung Rhu At most sections, the Federal Route 111 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to . List of junctions and town References Category:Malaysian Federal Roads	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Minnesota Zen Meditation Center Minnesota Zen Meditation Center was formed when the founding head teacher, Dainin Katagiri, (1928-1990) was invited to come from California in 1972 to teach a small but growing group of Minneapolis students interested in the dharma. After his death, Shohaku Okumura served as interim head teacher until the installation of Karen Sunna, who had studied with Katagiri Roshi until his death. Succeeding Karen as head priest is Tim Burkett, a long time student of both Katagiri and Suzuki Roshi. Tim became the head teacher on November 1, 2002. Natalie Goldberg studied at the Center for over a dozen years and writes extensively about it in her books Long Quiet Highway and The Great Failure. See also Buddhism in the United States Timeline of Zen Buddhism in the United States References External links Official website Category:Buddhist organizations based in the United States Category:Zen centers in Minnesota Category:Buddhist temples in the United States Category:Religious buildings and structures in Minneapolis	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
George Campbell (New South Wales politician) George Campbell (13 June 1827 – 2 September 1890) was an Australian politician. He was born near Bathurst to pastoralist Archibald Campbell and Ellen Stoddart. He married Jessie Blackwood in Glasgow; they had nine children. A pastoralist, he owned property near Cowra. In 1881 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Carcoar, serving until 1885, when he retired. In 1888 he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council, where he remained until his death at Jerula near Cowra in 1890. References Category:1827 births Category:1890 deaths Category:Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly Category:Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council Category:19th-century Australian politicians	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Dramin Dramin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Baboszewo, within Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately north of Baboszewo, north-west of Płońsk, and north-west of Warsaw. The village has a population of 230. References Dramin	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bernie Massey Bernie Massey (born 12 August 1939) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s. Massey played mostly as a fullback and starred in Melbourne's 1964 premiership side, keeping Collingwood full-forward Ian Graham goalless in the Grand Final. His last VFL season was in 1967 and he went on to become the captain-coach of Eltham Football Club. References Category:1939 births Category:Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia) Category:Melbourne Football Club players Category:Eltham Football Club players Category:Eltham Football Club coaches Category:Living people	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Lord Murugan Statue Lord Murugan Statue (Tamil: முருகன் சிலை; Bahasa Malaysia: Tugu Dewa Murugga), representing Murugan, is the tallest statue of a Hindu deity in Malaysia and third tallest statue of a Hindu deity in the world, after Garuda Wisnu Kencana Statue in Indonesia and Kailashnath Mahadev Statue in Nepal. It is also the tallest statue in Malaysia at in height. It is located at the Sri Murugan Perumal Kovil at the foot of Batu Caves. It took 3 years of construction and unveiled in January 2006 during Thaipusam festival. Construction 2.5 Mil Ringgit Malaysia was spent to build this statue 350 tons of Steel bars, 1,550 cubic metres of Concrete, and 300 litres of gold paint used to build this statue 15 sculptors from India References Category:Hindu temples in Malaysia Category:Colossal statues Category:Religious buildings and structures in Selangor Category:Monuments and memorials in Malaysia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ömer Besim Koşalay Ömer Besim Koşalay (10 February 1898 – December 1956) was a Turkish middle-distance runner. He competed in the 800 metres at the 1924 Summer Olympics and the 1928 Summer Olympics. References Category:1898 births Category:1956 deaths Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1924 Summer Olympics Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1928 Summer Olympics Category:Turkish male middle-distance runners Category:Olympic athletes of Turkey Category:Sportspeople from Istanbul	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
SS Letchworth Letchworth was the name of two steamships of the Watergate Steamship Co Ltd. , bombed and sunk in the Thames Estuary on 1 November 1940 , ex Empire Caxton Category:Ship names	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Union Live Union Live is a 2-CD and 1-DVD live release by progressive rock band Yes on Voiceprint Records. It documents their "Union" tour of 1991, supporting the Union (1991) album. In addition to the California Shoreline Amphitheatre show that was available in Japan as The Union Tour Live, the limited edition package includes a DVD containing the Denver McNichols Sports Arena show that has been available in trading circles for years, audience shot footage from the Florida Pensacola Civic Center show, bonus audio 5.1 mixes, and bonus audio tracks. Released versions The album and DVD have been released in 3 versions. All currently exclusively from Gonzo's website. There is a standard 1-DVD; a 2-CD and a limited edition 2-DVD & 2CD version. The versions are listed below: Standard DVD Recorded at the Shoreline Amphitheatre, Mountain View, California in the San Francisco Bay Area – August 8, 1991. Intro / Firebird Suite Yours Is No Disgrace Rhythm of Love Heart of the Sunrise Clap / Mood for a Day Make It Easy / Owner of a Lonely Heart I've Seen All Good People Your Move All Good People Solly's Beard Saving My Heart Whitefish / Amazing Grace Rick Wakeman solo Awaken Roundabout 2-CD album Audio of the above show. Disc 1 Intro / Firebird Suite Yours Is No Disgrace Rhythm of Love Heart of the Sunrise Clap / Mood for a Day Make It Easy / Owner of a Lonely Heart I've Seen All Good People Your Move All Good People Disc 2 Solly's Beard Saving My Heart Whitefish / Amazing Grace Rick Wakeman solo Awaken Roundabout Limited edition DVD / 2-CD / bonus DVD This edition contains the following: The above concert DVD The above 2-CD album Reproduction tour programme Back stage pass Tour staff pass Bonus DVD Bootleg videos from Pensacola, Florida – Pensacola Civic Center, April 9, 1991. Firebird Suite Yours Is No Disgrace Rhythm of Love City of Love Heart of the Sunrise Leaves of Green Concerto in D/Clap Make It Easy / Owner of a Lonely Heart And You and I Drum Duet Hold On Shock to the System Solly's Beard Changes Take the Water to the Mountain Soon Long Distance Runaround Whitefish Amazing Grace Lift Me Up Rick Wakeman solo Awaken Roundabout Starship Trooper Bootleg videos from Denver, Colorado, McNichols Sports Arena (aka Big Mac), May 9, 1991 Firebird Suite / Yours Is No Disgrace Rhythm of Love Shock to the System Heart of the Sunrise Clap / Mood for a Day Make it Easy / Owner of a Lonely Heart And You And I Drum Duet Hold On I've Seen All Good People Kaye solo / Changes Solly's Beard Long Distance Runaround Whitefish / Amazing Grace Lift Me Up Wakeman solo Awaken Roundabout Bonus audio 5.1 mixes Shoreline Amphitheatre, Mountain View, California in the San Francisco Bay Area, August 8, 1991. Shock to the System And You And I Lift Me Up Bonus audio stereo tracks Shock to the System And You And I Above two tracks from London – Wembley Arena, June 29, 1991. Drum Duet Changes Above two tracks from Burgettstown, Pennsylvania, Star Lake Amphitheater, July 24, 1991. Personnel Jon Anderson – lead vocals, acoustic guitar, tambourine Steve Howe – guitar, backing vocals Trevor Rabin – guitar, lead vocals, backing vocals Tony Kaye – Hammond Organ, keyboards, sound effects Rick Wakeman – keyboards, synthesisers, percussion on "Your Move" Chris Squire – bass, backing vocals Alan White – acoustic drums, percussion Bill Bruford – electronic drums, percussion References External links YesWorld – Official Yes Website YesUnionDVD.com – Official website of the DVD & album Category:Yes (band) video albums Category:2011 video albums Category:Live video albums Category:2011 live albums Category:Albums with cover art by Roger Dean (artist)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ischigualastia Ischigualastia is an extinct genus of dicynodonts (a group of synapsids), that lived during the Carnian age of the Late Triassic Period. The genus was found in and named after the Ischigualasto Formation (Cancha de Bochas Member) of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin in northwestern Argentina. It has been placed in the family Stahleckeriidae. Description The genus is described as an enormous dicynodont, with a short, high skull, and lacking tusks. It is regarded as larger than its later, more famous relative Placerias, which was up to long and weighed . Paleoecology It was a large quadrupedal herbivore, most common at the base of the Ischigualasto Formation. It was a common member of the local fauna, although not as abundant as the medium-sized herbivores Hyperodapedon and Exaeretodon. The only danger to such a huge animal was the almost equally large carnivorous pseudosuchian Saurosuchus and perhaps the predatory dinosaur Herrerasaurus, which shared the same environment. It is likely that pressure from this predator pushed Ischigualastia into extinction, for it becomes less common and finally disappears in the higher levels of the Ischigualasto Formation. A somewhat smaller relative or descendant, Placerias, survived in Laurasia. Gallery See also Stahleckeriidae List of therapsids References Category:Dicynodonts Category:Carnian life Category:Late Triassic synapsids of South America Category:Triassic Argentina Category:Fossils of Argentina Category:Fossil taxa described in 1962 Category:Quechuan languages	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Old Sequoia Old Sequoia is a 1945 American animated short film directed by Jack King. The cartoon was produced in Technicolor by Walt Disney Productions and released to theaters on December 21, 1945 by RKO Radio Pictures. Synopsis An old sequoia tree labeled "Old Sequoia" sits in a National Park (its plaque labeled "Born: ????") and is surrounded by a fence. However, two beavers are chewing down one tree after another and getting closer to Old Sequoia. Up in a nearby ranger lookout post, Donald Duck, as Agent 13, is sleeping precariously in a chair leaning back on a loose side board that overlooks a deep lake a thousand feet below when the telephone rings. After Donald avoids falling, gets smacked by the loose board, and answers the telephone, the chief ranger (possibly Pete) scolds Donald for ignoring the phone after the first ring and warns him that his carelessness has resulted in a lot of trees getting lost in his sector, adding that "if Old Sequoia goes, YOU GO!". Just as Donald gets mad at being threatened of being fired, the chief ranger rings back and orders Donald to get to work protecting Old Sequoia. Donald manages to sight the beavers chewing on a tree nearby to Old Sequoia, grabs his double barreled shotgun, and runs down the steps of the lookout post, only to trip and fall down the steps and get hit through his hat by his gun which was dropped on the way. The beavers (sounding like Chip and Dale) are just getting to work on chewing down another tree when Donald appears and threatens them at gunpoint to get lost. One beaver tries to get away, but Donald is standing on his tail. When the beaver orders Donald to get off, Donald flatly refuses, so the beaver uses his tail to throw Donald against the tree, which makes it fall over. As the tree crashes down and Donald lands, his gun goes off, blasting out part of the trunk of another tree, making it fall over and hit Donald on the head, making a lump break through it. Meanwhile, the beavers come across Old Sequoia and, thinking they've hit the jackpot of all tree chomping, get ready to chew it down, but Donald pokes the gun in their faces. The beavers try to sneak away, but Donald uses both the barrels of the shotgun to bring them back. Just as Donald is beginning to pull the trigger to kill the beavers, the telephone in the lookout post rings. After a brief moment of panic and deadlocked decisions (if Donald doesn't answer the phone, he will lose his job, but if he does answer it, it will give the beavers a chance to get away), Donald rushes away to answer the phone. It's the chief ranger calling to make sure Donald is guarding Old Sequoia, but scolds him for answering the phone and orders him to go back to work. Later, as Donald is patrolling around Old Sequoia when he hears the beavers and chewing noises coming from inside one of the giant roots, leading Donald to conclude that the beavers are trying to chew down Old Sequoia (and avoid him at the same time) by doing it from the inside. After teasing Donald with knocks on the root, the beavers make it to the main trunk and begin chewing. Every time Donald spies sawdust coming out of a hole and plugs it, the beavers chew somewhere else, until there are holes in the trunk spitting out sawdust. Donald tries scooping the sawdust back into Old Sequoia, but one beaver catches it on his tail and flings it back on to Donald, turning him in to a giant sand duck. Having just about had it with the beavers, Donald leaves and comes back with a tractor fitted with a vacuum pipe, which sucks in the sawdust through one end and ejects the sawdust into the trunk through another end. This move, however, only ends up over-stuffing the now hollowed out part of the trunk and blows off the outside parts, exposing the beavers (coughing from the explosion) who've chewed the trunk so that now the whole tree is supported on a thin little spindle of wood. Seeing the damage he and the beavers have done, Donald races over and tries to hold up Old Sequoia, but the beavers get the idea to "help" Donald make Old Sequoia fall over. One beaver slaps his tail on the ground so hard that it shakes the leaves off a bush and shakes Donald and Old Sequoia to the point where there's no stopping it from meeting its fate. One beaver makes his tail into the shape of a megaphone and the other beaver shouts "Timber!" through it, after which, both beavers run away until they're out of sight. Knowing that Old Sequoia will surely fall over as his strength and the thin spindle are giving out, Donald quickly races away, props up Old Sequoia with long poles of wood, and covers up the handiwork with the two outside halves of the trunk (quickly noticing that the half with the plaque is upside down and turns it back right side up). Donald tells Old Sequoia that it's safe now, but the poles of wood show signs of giving out, forcing Donald to try again at keeping Old Sequoia stable. At that moment, the telephone in the lookout post rings (its sound waves pushing against one side of Old Sequoia), forcing Donald to rush back to the lookout post to answer it. It's the chief ranger calling again and asks Donald "How's Old Sequoia comin'?" Donald looks out, sees the poles of wood and outside parts of the hollowed out trunk finally give way, and Old Sequoia fall in the direction of the lookout post, which makes him reply "Just coming fine!" in an embarrassed tone of voice. As Old Sequoia falls past the lookout post, it reaches out a branch like a hand and grabs the lookout post, pulling it off its legs. After that, Old Sequoia crashes down on to a cliff, falls off over the side, and splashes down deep into the lake below. Underwater, in the ruins of the lookout post, Donald is angrily thinking about getting even with the beavers when the telephone rings. Donald swims over and answers it. It's the chief ranger ringing again, but since Donald has let Old Sequoia get lost to nature, the chief ranger angrily FIRES him. This makes Donald throw a fit and start ranting and raving, stirring up a lot of bubbles in the process, of which some them of escape through the iris out. Technical details Title:Old Sequoia Other titles: :Skovens beskytter :Kalle Anka som skogvaktare Voices:Clarence Nash (Donald), Billy Bletcher (Donald's boss) Sound : Mono (RCA Photophone) Country : IMDb page : Home video The short can be found on the "Walt Disney Treasures: The Chronological Donald, Volume Two" disc 2 and on the "Walt Disney's Classic Cartoon Favorites Extreme Adventure Fun" Volume 7. Category:Donald Duck short films Category:1945 films Category:1940s comedy films Category:American films Category:English-language films Category:Disney animated short films, 1940s Category:1945 animated films Category:Films directed by Jack King Category:Films produced by Walt Disney Category:Films scored by Oliver Wallace Category:American comedy films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Arvid Kramer Arvid Kramer (born October 3, 1956) is a retired American basketball player, mostly known for being the first overall pick by the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA) in the 1988 expansion draft at the age of 31, and furthermore being the only player to be selected in two expansion drafts and never playing for the teams that drafted him. He is tall and and played at the center position during most of his basketball career. Early life Arvid Dean Kramer was born in Fulda, Minnesota. He played basketball for Augustana College. Professional career Kramer was drafted by the Utah Jazz in the 3rd round (1st pick, 45th overall) of the 1979 NBA draft in his senior year. After the draft, the Jazz made a 2-for-1 trade involving Bernard King, which left no room for Kramer on their roster, so they waived him. He played about a half season in the CBA before being signed to a 10-day contract by the Denver Nuggets on February 28, 1980. He was good enough to later get signed for the remainder of the season. He only played eight games with the Nuggets in 1979–80. He was left unprotected and selected by the Dallas Mavericks in the 1980 NBA Expansion Draft. The Mavericks had more contracts than roster spots, so Kramer accepted a contract to play for a team in Italy before the 1980 season. He never played in another NBA game and had a long career in Europe, where he played in various leagues in Italy, France and Germany. He retired as a player in 1996 and worked as a general manager for the Telekom Baskets Bonn in Bonn, Germany from 1996 to 2004. The expansion Miami Heat of the NBA made him the first overall pick in the 1988 expansion draft at the age of 31. The Dallas Mavericks wanted to make sure that their players Uwe Blab, Steve Alford or Bill Wennington, who were left unprotected, would not be selected, so they offered the Miami Heat the rights to Arvid Kramer and their first choice (No. 20) in the college draft (which later would turn out to become Kevin Edwards). He never played for the Heat. Personal life As of 2004, Kramer lives in Encinitas, California, where he is Director and Head Coach of the youth basketball organization MAVS Basketball Club. Notes Category:1956 births Category:Living people Category:American expatriate basketball people in France Category:American expatriate basketball people in Germany Category:American expatriate basketball people in Italy Category:American men's basketball players Category:Anchorage Northern Knights players Category:Augustana (South Dakota) Vikings men's basketball players Category:Basketball players from Minnesota Category:Bayer Giants Leverkusen players Category:Centers (basketball) Category:Dallas Mavericks expansion draft picks Category:Denver Nuggets players Category:Mens Sana Basket players Category:Miami Heat expansion draft picks Category:People from Fulda, Minnesota Category:Telekom Baskets Bonn players Category:Utah Jazz draft picks	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Lasiopezus marmoratus Lasiopezus marmoratus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Olivier in 1795. References Category:Ancylonotini Category:Beetles described in 1795	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Falla's skink Falla's skink or the Three Kings skink (Oligosoma fallai ) is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. Etymology The specific name, fallai, is in honor of New Zealander ornithologist Robert Falla. Geographic range O. fallai is endemic to the Three Kings Islands off the coast of New Zealand. It is found nowhere else in the world. References Further reading McCann C (1955). "The lizards of New Zealand. Gekkonidae and Scincidae". Dominion Mus. Bull. (17): 1-127. (Leiolopisma fallai, new species, pp. 76–77). Category:Oligosoma Category:Reptiles of New Zealand Category:Three Kings Islands Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Great Mandarin The Great Mandarin () is a 1949 West German comedy drama film directed by Karl-Heinz Stroux and starring Paul Wegener, Carsta Löck, and Käthe Haack. It was the final film of the veteran actor Wegener. Cast References Bibliography External links Category:1949 films Category:1940s comedy-drama films Category:German comedy-drama films Category:West German films Category:German-language films Category:Films directed by Karl-Heinz Stroux Category:Films set in China Category:Bavaria Film films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
DeBusk, Tennessee DeBusk is an unincorporated community in central Greene County, Tennessee. It is located south of Greeneville. Education DeBusk Elementary School is in DeBusk. References Category:Unincorporated communities in Tennessee Category:Unincorporated communities in Greene County, Tennessee	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
January 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) January 11 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - January 13 All fixed commemorations below are observed on January 25 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar. For January 12th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 30. Feasts Afterfeast of the Theophany of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Saints Martyr Tatiana of Rome, and those who suffered with her (c. 222 - 235) Martyr Mertius of Mauretania (284-305) Martyr Philotheus of Antioch (c. 305) Martyr Peter Apselamus of Eleutheropolis in Palestine (309) (see also January 13, and October 14) Venerable Eupraxia of Tabenna in Egypt (393) Saints Tygrius the Presbyter, and Eutropius the Lector, at Constantinople (c. 395 - 408) Holy Eight Martyrs of Nicaea, by the sword. Virgin-Martyr Euthasia, by the sword. Venerable Elias the Wonderworker of Egypt, Desert Father (4th century) (see also January 8) Venerable Theodora of Alexandria, instructress of nuns (5th century) Pre-Schism Western saints Saint Arcadius of Mauretania, a prominent citizen of Caesarea in Mauretania Caesariensis, barbarously martyred under Maximianus Herculeus (c. 302) Martyrs Zoticus, Rogatus, Modestus, Casutlus, between forty and fifty soldiers, in Africa. Saint John of Ravenna (Giovanni I Angelopte), Bishop of Ravenna and Confessor (494) Saint Caesaria, the gifted sister of St Caesarius of Arles and Abbess of the convent founded there by her brother (c. 530) Saint Victorian of Asan, founder and abbot of the monastery of Asan (now called San Vitorián) (c. 560) Saint Probus, Bishop of Verona in Italy (c. 591) Saint Eilian of Rome (Eilian of Anglesey), (6th century) (see also January 13) Saint Salvius (Sauve), Bishop of Amiens, his relics were enshrined in Montreuil in Picardy (c. 625) Saint Benedict Biscop, Abbot of Wearmouth and Confessor (690) Post-Schism Orthodox saints Saint Sava I, Enlightener and first Archbishop of Serbia (1235) (see also: January 14 - Greek) Venerable Martinian of White Lake, Abbot (1483) Venerable Galacteon, disciple of St. Martinian of White Lake, Fool for Christ (1506) Venerable Archimandrite Theodosius of Tisman and Sophroniev Monasteries, fellow-struggler of St. Paisius Velichkovsky (1802) Saint John of Tula, Fool-for-Christ (1850) Other commemorations Synaxis of the Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos "The Milk-giver" (Panagia Galaktotrofoussa; Mlekopitatelnica). Synaxis of the Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos "Akathist". Synaxis of the Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos "Mesopantitissis" in Crete (Theotokos of Mesopantitissis). Icon of the Mother of God "Priestly" (Popskaya). Commemoration of the Church of St. Alexander, near the Church of the Holy Apostles, in Constantinople. Icon gallery Notes References Sources January 12/January 25. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU). January 25 / January 12. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow). January 12. OCA - The Lives of the Saints. The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 7. January 12. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome. The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 12–13. Greek Sources Great Synaxaristes: 12 ΙΑΝΟΥΑΡΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ. Συναξαριστής. 12 Ιανουαρίου. ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ). Russian Sources 25 января (12 января). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru). 12 января (ст.ст.) 25 января 2013 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR). Category:January in the Eastern Orthodox calendar	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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