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Barbados at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games
The XXIst Central American and Caribbean Games were held in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico from July 17, 2010 to August 1, 2010.
Results by event
See also
Barbados at the 2008 Summer Olympics
References
External links
Mayagüez 2010 Official website
Category:Nations at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games
2010
Central American and Caribbean Games
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In Darkness (2018 film)
In Darkness is a 2018 thriller film directed by Anthony Byrne and written by Byrne and Natalie Dormer. It stars Dormer, Emily Ratajkowski, Ed Skrein, Joely Richardson, Neil Maskell, James Cosmo and Jan Bijvoet. The film was released on 25 May 2018 in the United States by Vertical Entertainment and on 6 July 2018 in the United Kingdom by Shear Entertainment.
Plot
Blind pianist Sofia overhears a struggle in the apartment above hers that leads to the death of her neighbor Veronique. It is the start of a journey that pulls Sofia out of her depth and brings her into contact with Veronique's father, Zoran Radic, a Serbian businessman accused of being a war criminal.
Sofia is drawn into a dangerous world of corruption, investigating police, hitmen and the Russian mafia—a world with links to Sofia's own hidden past and a path of revenge she has kept hidden until now.
Cast
Natalie Dormer as Sofia McKendrick / Balma
Lexie Benbow-Hart as young Sofia
Ed Skrein as Marc Gordon
Emily Ratajkowski as Veronique Radic
Neil Maskell as Oscar Mills
Jan Bijvoet as Zoran Radic
James Cosmo as Niall McKendrick
Ethan Cosmo as young Niall
Joely Richardson as Alexandra Gordon
Olegar Fedoro as Orthodox Priest
Amber Anderson as Jane
Hala Gorani as herself
Production
Sofia is depicted as living in Maida Vale, London, where scenes were shot for the film, including a flower shop on Lauderdale Road which was converted to act as a café. Sofia and Veronique's building is located in Bramham Gardens, Kensington. Other filming locations included Brompton Cemetery, Ealing Hospital, the Thames Embankment, New Zealand House and the National Gallery.
Release
In February 2018, Vertical Entertainment acquired US distribution rights to the film. The film was released on 25 May 2018 in the United States. In the United Kingdom, the film was released on 6 July 2018 by Shear Entertainment.
Reception
Box office
In the United Kingdom, the film grossed £1,550 in its opening week from 10 theaters.
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 45% based on reviews from 22 critics, with an average rating of 4.8/10. On Metacritic, it has a score of 59 out of 100 based on reviews from seven critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
The film, which features Dormer nude as well as contains a sex scene, has been criticised for what some critics called "gratuitous nudity". Dormer dismissed this in an interview with The Guardian, saying, "There has to be sexuality in the power play of a thriller. We have all got bodies, after all. In this film the sex scene, which for me was a love-making scene, is a metaphor for the way my character connects with the part played by Ed Skrein. Nakedness is a good equaliser and the shower scene also shows the tattoos on my character's body and makes it clear she is not quite who you think."
References
External links
Category:2010s independent films
Category:2010s thriller films
Category:2018 films
Category:American films
Category:American independent films
Category:American thriller films
Category:British films
Category:British independent films
Category:British thriller films
Category:Films about blind people
Category:Films about pianos and pianists
Category:British films about revenge
Category:American films about revenge
Category:Films set in London
Category:Films shot in London
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L'Enfant prodigue (1907 film)
L'Enfant prodigue (, French for "The Prodigal Son") was the first feature-length motion picture produced in Europe, running 90 minutes. Directed by Michel Carré, from his own three-act stage pantomime, The Prodigal Son. The film was basically an unmodified filmed record of his play. Filmed at the Gaumont Film Company studios in May 1907.
The movie premiered at the Théâtre des Variétés on the Boulevard Montmartre, in Paris, on 20 June 1907.
Carré directed another film version of L'Enfant prodigue in 1916.
Cast (in credits order)
Georges Wague
Henri Gouget
Christiane Mandelys
Gilberte Sergy
References
External links
Category:1907 films
Category:French black-and-white films
Category:French films
Category:French silent feature films
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Jürgen Rynio
Jürgen Rynio (born 1 April 1948) is a retired German footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Gelsenkirchen, Rynio played in the Bundesliga for Karlsruher SC, 1. FC Nürnberg, Borussia Dortmund, Rot-Weiss Essen, FC St. Pauli and Hannover 96, appearing in over 450 games in the top two tiers of German football during his career.
Career
Rynio was born on 1 April 1948, and grew up in Resse, a district in the city of Gelsenkirchen. He started his career in his hometown, playing for VfL Resse 08 before joining Eintracht Gelsenkirchen in the Regionalliga West. In 1967, he joined Bundesliga side Karlsruher SC. He made his debut on 2 September in a 0–0 draw against Alemannia Aachen, and went on to make 21 league appearances during the 1967–68 season as Karlsruhe were relegated to the Regionalliga Süd.
Rynio returned to the Bundesliga next season after being signed by reigning champions 1. FC Nürnberg. Rynio appeared 25 times for Der Club, but a disastrous campaign saw the team finish in 17th place, becoming the first league champions to be relegated from the division. Rynio has since been criticised by teammate Ferdinand Wenauer for his role in the team's 2–2 draw with Borussia Dortmund in the penultimate game of the season. Rynio had reportedly agreed to join Dortmund in the summer, and Wenauer felt that the keeper had conceded at least one stoppable goal. Rynio later claimed that he had been unlucky to concede the goal, and although he subsequently did sign a contract with Dortmund at the end of the season, the club had not made him an offer until after the game between the two sides.
Rynio played regularly for Dortmund over the next three seasons, making 81 Bundesliga appearances, but suffered relegation for the third time in his career in 1971–72, a season which included an 11–1 defeat to eventual league champions Bayern Munich. He remained with Dortmund following the club's relegation, but made only 11 appearances in two seasons in the Regionalliga West.
In 1974, he moved to Rot-Weiss Essen, playing 26 league games in two seasons before moving to FC St. Pauli in 1976. He helped the club win promotion to the Bundesliga during his first season at the club, but were relegated back down to the 2. Bundesliga North at the end of the following season. In 1979, he joined Hannover 96, where he remained in the second division for the next five seasons as first choice goalkeeper.
Rynio initially brought his playing career to an end in 1984, but remained with Hannover as a goalkeeping coach. He had a brief spell as head coach at Hannover during the 1985–86 season following the dismissal of Werner Biskup, remaining in charge until the appointment of Jörg Berger in January 1986. During the same season, he came out of retirement to play in goal after an injury to Hannover's first choice keeper Ralf Raps. In the two games he played, Rynio conceded 12 goals – losing 5–0 at home to Bayern Munich, followed by a 7–0 away defeat to VfB Stuttgart. The Stuttgart game was a record defeat for Hannover in the Bundesliga, and three of the goals conceded were penalty kicks scored by Michael Nushöhr – the only player to accomplish this in a Bundesliga game.
Hannover were relegated at the end of that season. As a result, Rynio, along with Andreas Keim and Stephan Paßlack, is one of three players to be relegated from the Bundesliga five times, and is the only player to have suffered this feat with five different clubs.
Personal life
Rynio was a skilled power engineer – a trade which he began learning from the age of 14. After finishing his playing career, Rynio eventually moved away from football and became the manager of Rynio Wohnen KG in Bergen, Lower Saxony, a care home for people with mental and physical disabilities.
References
External links
Category:1948 births
Category:Living people
Category:German footballers
Category:Association football goalkeepers
Category:Karlsruher SC players
Category:Bundesliga players
Category:1. FC Nürnberg players
Category:Borussia Dortmund players
Category:Rot-Weiss Essen players
Category:FC St. Pauli players
Category:2. Bundesliga players
Category:Hannover 96 players
Category:Sportspeople from Gelsenkirchen
Category:Footballers from North Rhine-Westphalia
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Coon Creek Township, Lyon County, Minnesota
Coon Creek Township is a township in Lyon County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 282 at the 2000 census.
Coon Creek Township was organized in 1883, and named for Coon Creek.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which of it is land and of it (1.43%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 282 people, 98 households, and 79 families residing in the township. The population density was 7.9/mi² (3.0/km²). There were 101 housing units at an average density of 2.8/mi² (1.1/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 97.16% White, 0.35% African American, and 2.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.35% of the population.
There were 98 households out of which 40.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.4% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.4% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.25.
In the township the population was spread out with 31.2% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $42,083, and the median income for a family was $45,568. Males had a median income of $23,438 versus $21,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,150. About 5.9% of families and 6.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 11.1% of those sixty five or over.
References
Category:Townships in Lyon County, Minnesota
Category:Townships in Minnesota
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Jorge Rosiñol Abreu
Jorge Rosiñol Abreu (born 18 September 1958) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PAN. As of 2013 he served as Deputy of the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Campeche.
References
Category:1958 births
Category:Living people
Category:Politicians from Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche
Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Category:National Action Party (Mexico) politicians
Category:21st-century Mexican politicians
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Tazraq, Afghanistan
Tazraq is a village in Balkh Province, in northern Afghanistan. It is located near the border with Tajikistan, located on the Amu Darya river which forms the boundary.
See also
Balkh Province
References
Category:Populated places in Balkh Province
Category:Villages in Afghanistan
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Gennaro Volpe
Gennaro Volpe (born 17 February 1981) is a former Italian footballer turned coach, last in charge as head coach of Virtus Entella in the Serie B league.
Playing career
A former midfielder, he played for Empoli, Prato, Ascoli, Mantova and Cittadella. He retired in 2016 after five years at Virtus Entella.
Coaching career
After retiring as a player, he stayed at Virtus Entella as a youth coach. On 6 May 2018, he was named new head coach in place of dismissed manager Alfredo Aglietti, taking over a Virtus Entella side in deep relegation trouble (20th place with two games to go). Virtus Entella were eventually relegated after losing a two-legged playoff to Ascoli.
References
External links
Category:1981 births
Category:Living people
Category:Italian footballers
Category:Italian football managers
Category:Empoli F.C. players
Category:A.C. Prato players
Category:Ascoli Calcio 1898 F.C. players
Category:Mantova 1911 S.S.D. players
Category:A.S. Cittadella players
Category:Virtus Entella players
Category:Serie B players
Category:Association football midfielders
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Acadian Civil War
The Acadian Civil War (1635–1654) was fought between competing governors of the French province of Acadia. Governor Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour (a Protestant) had been granted one area of territory by King Louis XIV, and Charles de Menou d'Aulnay (a Catholic) had been granted another area. The divisions made by the king were geographically uninformed, and the two territories and their administrative centers overlapped. The conflict was intensified by personal animosity between the two governors, and came to an end when d'Aulnay successfully expelled la Tour from his holdings. D'Aulnay's success was effectively overturned after his death when la Tour married D'Aulnay's widow in 1653.
Historical context
In 1635, Governor of Acadia Charles de Menou d'Aulnay de Charnisay moved settlers from present-day LaHave, Nova Scotia to Port-Royal, and the Acadian people began to establish their roots. Under Aulnay, the Acadians built the first dykes in North America and cultivated the reclaimed salt marshes.
During this time, Acadia was plunged into what some historians have described as a civil war; the two main centres were Port-Royal (present day Annapolis Royal), where Aulnay was stationed, and present-day Saint John, New Brunswick, where Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour was stationed.
In an effort to defend Acadia, Castine was founded in the winter of 1613, when Claude de Saint-Etienne de la Tour established a small trading post. In 1625, Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour erected a fort named Fort Pentagouët. After the English had captured the fort, in 1635, Governor Isaac de Razilly of Acadia sent Charles de Menou d'Aulnay de Charnisay to retake the village. In 1638, Aulnay built a more substantial fort named Fort Saint-Pierre. While he had other ventures in Acadia, Fort Pentagoet was his major outpost on the frontier with New England.
The strategic location at the mouth of the Saint John River was fortified by Charles de la Tour in 1631. The fort was named Fort Sainte-Marie (AKA Fort La Tour) and was located on the east side of the river. Both La Tour and Aulnay had claims of some legitimacy to the governorship of Acadia because the French Imperial officials made their appointments with an incomplete understanding of the geography of the area. La Tour had a fortified settlement at the mouth of the Saint John River while Aulnay's base was at Port Royal some 45 miles across the Bay of Fundy. In adjoining New England, the people supported La Tour's claim since he allowed them to fish and lumber in and along the Bay of Fundy without let or hindrance while Aulnay aggressively sought payment for that right. Word came to La Tour that Aulnay was concentrating men and materials for an attack on La Tour's fort and fur-trading operation at the mouth of the Saint John River. La Tour went to Boston to ask John Winthrop, the governor of Massachusetts Bay colony, for help. Winthrop arranged for several merchants to advance loans unofficially to La Tour for his purchase of men and material to defend the Saint John River fort from Aulnay's attack.
War
Battle of Port Royal (1640)
La Tour arrived from present-day Saint John and attacked Port-Royal (Annapolis Royal) with two armed ships. D'Aulnay's captain was killed, while La Tour and his men were forced to surrender. In response to the attack, d'Aulnay sailed out of Port-Royal to establish a blockade of La Tour's fort at present-day Saint John.
Blockade of St. John (1642)
For five months, the Governor of Acadia d'Aulnay, who was stationed at Port Royal, created a blockade of the river to defeat La Tour at his fort. On 14 July 1643, La Tour arrived from Boston with four ships and a complement of 270 men to repossess Fort Sainte-Marie. After this victory, La Tour went on to attack d'Aulnay at Port Royal, Nova Scotia. LaTour was unsuccessful then in catching d'Aulnay and the rivalry continued for several more years.
Battle of Penobscot (1643)
Battle of Port-Royal (1643)
In 1643 La Tour tried to capture Port-Royal again. La Tour arrived at Saint John from Boston with a fleet of five armed vessels and 270 men and broke the blockade. La Tour then chased d'Aulnay's vessels back across the Bay of Fundy to Port-Royal (Annapolis Royal). D'Aulnay resisted the attack, and seven of his men were wounded and three killed. La Tour did not attack the fort, which was defended by twenty soldiers. La Tour burned the mill, killed the livestock and seized furs, gunpowder and other supplies.
Siege of St. John (1645)
While La Tour was in Boston, on Easter Sunday 13 April 1645, d'Aulnay sailed across the Bay of Fundy and arrived at La Tour's fort with a force of two hundred men. La Tour's soldiers were led by his wife, Françoise-Marie Jacquelin, who became known as the Lioness of LaTour for her valiant defence of the fort. After a five-day battle, on 18 April, d'Aulnay offered quarter to all if Françoise-Marie would surrender the fort. On that basis, knowing she was badly outnumbered, she capitulated, and d'Aulnay had captured La Tour's Fort Sainte-Marie. D'Aulnay then reneged on his pledge of safety for the defenders and treacherously hanged the La Tour garrison, forcing Madame de la Tour to watch with a rope around her neck. Three weeks later, while still in d'Aulnay's hands, she died. With the death of his wife and the loss of his fort, La Tour took refuge in Quebec and did not return to Acadia for the next four years, until after d'Aulnay had died in 1650.
Afterward
After defeating La Tour at Saint John, from the capital Port-Royal (Annapolis Royal), d'Aulnay administered posts at LaHave, Nova Scotia; Pentagouet (Castine, Maine); Canso, Nova Scotia; Cap Sable (Port La Tour, Nova Scotia); the Saint John River (Bay of Fundy) and Miscou Island. He died in 1650, opening the governorship of Acadia, and prompting La Tour to return. He married d'Aulnay's widow Jeanne_Motin 1653, ending the rivalry. The couple had five children, and hundreds of their descendants live in the Canadian Maritimes today.
Four years later, Colonel Robert Sedgwick led one hundred New England volunteers and two hundred of Oliver Cromwell's soldiers to capture Port Royal, Nova Scotia. Prior to the battle, Sedgewick captured and plundered La Tour's fort on the Saint John River and took him prisoner.
Legacy
John Greenleaf Whittier "St. John, 1647"
Francis Joseph Sherman An Acadian Easter. Atlantic Monthly. April 1900.
References
External links
Category:Military history of Acadia
Category:Military history of Nova Scotia
Category:Military history of Canada
Category:Acadian history
Category:Conflicts in Nova Scotia
Category:Civil wars of the Early Modern era
Category:Civil wars involving the states and peoples of North America
Category:1630s conflicts
Category:1640s conflicts
Category:1650s conflicts
Category:1630s in Canada
Category:1640s in Canada
Category:1650s in Canada
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Qomish
Qomish, Qomīsh, Qomesh, Komash, Kumāsh, Qamesh, Qamsh, or Qomāsh () may refer to:
Qomesh, Kermanshah
Qomish, Lorestan
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Fyling Hall School
Fyling Hall is an independent, co-educational day and boarding school situated near the small village of Fylingthorpe, near Robin Hood's Bay, south east of Whitby, North Yorkshire, England. Founded in 1923 by Mab Bradley, the school was then run for thirty years by her daughter, Clare White.
The school is centred on a Georgian country house that dates from 1819 and is situated in of wooded hillside within the North York Moors National Park.
History of Hall
There was a hall here in 1632 when Sir Hugh Cholmeley, 4th Baronet was born here. However the present building dates from around 1819 and is grade II listed.
Boarding Houses
There are four boarding houses at Fyling Hall:
Woodside: Sixth Form Girls
Ramsdale: Sixth Form Boys
Main: Junior and Senior Girls
Mulgrave: Junior and Senior Boys
School motto
The school motto is 'The days that make us happy make us wise' (John Masefield).
Sports
Fyling Hall School offers a wide variety of sports for all pupils. Most important amongst these, and shaping daily life at Fyling Hall, are rugby, hockey, cross country, cricket, horse riding and rounders.
Popular culture
The main building of Fyling Hall is used in G.P Taylor's novel Shadowmancer as the vicarage of Obadiah Demurral. The vicarage is destroyed by cannon fire from Jacob Crane's smuggler ship 'The Magenta'.
Notable former pupils
Michael Dickinson
Philip Hayton
Jamie Noon
Eliza Carthy
Ryan Gibson
Notable former teachers
Alex Thomson
References
External links
School Website
Profile on the ISC website
Category:Educational institutions established in 1923
Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire
Category:Boarding schools in North Yorkshire
Category:1923 establishments in England
Category:Member schools of the Independent Schools Association (UK)
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Roger L. Greene
Roger L. Greene is a professor at Palo Alto University. He received the Bruno Klopfer Award in 2010.
He worked on self-report measures of personality, particularly the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
References
Category:American psychologists
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
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Battle of Verona
Battle of Verona may refer to:
Battle of Verona (249) where Decius led the Danubian legions to defeat and kill Emperor Philip
Battle of Verona (312) that pitted Constantine I against one of Maxentius's commanders
Battle of Verona (402) that pitted Stilicho against Alaric I and his Visigoths
Battle of Verona (489) between Odovacar and the Ostrogoths led by Theodoric the Great
Battle of Verona (1799) between the French and Pál Kray's Austrians
Battle of Verona (1805) between André Masséna's French and Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen's Austrians
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Stedden
Stedden is a village in the borough of Winsen (Aller) in the Lower Saxon district of Celle in North Germany. It lies on the river Aller and close to the river Örtze and has a population of just over 300. In 1985 it celebrated its 750th anniversary.
Politics
Stedden has a joint parish council with the neighbouring village of Wolthausen.
The council chair is Christian Peters (CDU).
External links
Stedden website
Category:Villages in Lower Saxony
Category:Celle (district)
Category:Winsen an der Aller
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Upper Annandale F.C.
Upper Annandale Football Club are a football club from the town of Moffat in the Dumfries and Galloway area of Scotland. They originally competed in the Dumfries & District Amateur Football League, but switched to the South of Scotland Football League in time for the 2014–15 season. Home matches are played at Moffat Academy which accommodates approximately 1,000 spectators. They have a young manager Darren Ferbie who has been branded by many as the next Jose Mourinho.
Uppers won the Dumfries & District AFL Division One title a total of five times, including four successive title between 2007 and 2010 prior to their move to the South of Scotland Football League.
Honours
Dumfries & District AFL Division One
Winners (5): 1970–71, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10
External links
Official Twitter
Category:Football clubs in Dumfries and Galloway
Category:South of Scotland Football League teams
Category:Football clubs in Scotland
Category:Association football clubs established in 1966
Category:1966 establishments in Scotland
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Trinity Uniting Church, Strathfield
The Trinity Uniting Church is a heritage-listed Uniting church located at 62 The Boulevarde, in the Sydney suburb of Strathfield in the Municipality of Burwood local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by George Sydney Jones & Harry Thompson and built from 1889 to 1890 by Thomas Hanley of Balmain. It is also known as Trinity Congregational Church. The property is owned by the Uniting Church in Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 19 September 2003.
History
Trinity Church was formed from a split within the congregation of the Congregational Church in Burwood which itself had begun from an inter-denominational fellowship which met in a small weatherboard building on the Parramatta Road from 1861. Of the original church of 1866 only part of the Sunday School remains as it was burnt down in 1874. It was replaced by a stone church in 1880.
There was a group at the Burwood church who became disenchanted with the set-up there and so, on Sunday 5 May 1889 a number of church members, together with the Rev George Littlemore, Burwood's former pastor, met for worship in the Burwood School of Arts. Subsequently 48 people enrolled in the congregation of Trinity Church. However, two of the secessionists were wealthy men, Dr Philip Sydney Jones and the tobacco merchant George Todman, who could not agree on a site for a new church, so they built one each. Thus Strathfield came to acquire two Congregational Churches at the same time - Trinity and Strathfield.
Land for the new Trinity Church was either purchased or otherwise acquired on the corner of The Boulevarde and Morwick Street reputedly by the generosity of Dr P Sydney Jones (later Sir Philip Sydney Jones of Llandilo, Strathfield). Sir Phillip's younger brother, George, and brother-in-law, Harry Thomson, were the joint architects. George had served for a period in the offices of John Horbury Hunt. The level of detailing in the brickwork of the church may have been influenced by Hunt, but the overall design is much more Victorian in style. The Foundation Stone was laid on 2 November 1889 and the Dedication Ceremony on 26 January 1890. The builder was Thomas Hanley of Balmain and the cost of the new church was A₤1,449.
Gifts given to the church included a set of pulpit robes and communion plate given by the ladies of the congregation. The carpets and draperies were given by Edward Jones, brother of Sir Phillip, whose father was David Jones of department store fame. The Norman and Beard (London) organ given by the Thompson family (J D & H D) bought in England during a visit there by JD in 1909.
The Congregation continued to grow and was served by a succession of able Ministers up until 1962 when, due to declining numbers, the congregation was no longer able to support its own Minister. A joint arrangement was made with Summer Hill. When Summer Hill Church closed Trinity became part of the Mid-Western Suburbs Group of Trinity, Strathfield-Homebush, Concord and Croydon. In 1977 this group became part of the Uniting Church of Australia.
Description
Church
Victorian Romanesque church built in polychrome brick, red with blond patterning on the exterior, and the reverse, blond with red detailing on the interior. The cruciform plan of the church is extended vertically through the spirelet over the crossing. The church is oriented east-west, with the main entry at the western end through an attached porch (exonarthex). A secondary entrance is through the north transept. Small dark stained timber vestibules with stained glass doors provide protected entry on the inside of the church.
The building is elaborately decorated both externally and internally. Contrasting brickwork is used for attached pilasters, buttresses, quoining around window and door openings, string courses and coloureds bands of brickwork, and diamond panels in the facework. Contrasting moulded bricks are used for string courses, sills and hood moulds. Generally, windows and doors have semicircular heads. Ogee hood moulds appear over the two entries to the church. The main roof is currently terra cotta Marseilles pattern tiles, but may have originally been slate. The roof over the vestry is colorbond. Roof over the western entrance porch is painted corrugated gal steel. The spire is octagonal, of timber construction, with louvred vents and clad in sheet metal (copper or zinc).
The floor is timber, sloping down from the west door toward the crossing, with a carpet down the aisle. The floor is flat through the transepts. The chancel/sanctuary is on a raised platform, carpeted. The walls of the nave and transepts have a rendered dado (recent) with a timber dado rail. The dado to the sanctuary and the south transept has velvet curtains hanging in front of white lime washed brickwork. The ceiling is diagonally boarded with exposed trusses and purlins, and triangular ceiling vents. The structure of the spire is supported by the four roof trusses over the crossing, and is open through the ceiling for light and ventilation.
Internally, the emphasis is on the crossing, with the pews arranged around the centre. The pews are original with bench seats and shaped slatted backs. Fold down seats exist on the ends of some pews. The pulpit and lectern and other sanctuary furniture appear to be original. A pipe organ occupies the south transept. It retains its original hand pump handle to the bellows. The church contains a fine collection of leadlight windows, featuring floral themes, and memorials. The building also retains its original gas light fittings.
Hall
The hall has been built in several stages, with each stage being designed to complement the church. Generally, the building is of polychrome brickwork, red with blond trim, with a terra cotta Marseilles pattern tiled roof, hipped in form with skillion additions. A gabled entrance porch has been added to the west elevation. Windows are double hung with semicircular heads and contrasting brick quoins and sills.
Internally, the floor is timber, except the toilet addition, which is concrete. The walls are rendered with a dado line run in the render. The ceiling is of battened sheets. A large stage exists at the northern end of the hall, but has been partitioned off and converted to offices. The original steps and doors to the wings still exist, as does one wing wall (stud frame lined one side only). When the addition was made to the north-west corner of the building the original window to the hall was relocated to the north wall of the addition.
Condition
As at 30 May 2003, the church is generally good. Evidence of falling damp and salt attack in the north-east corner of the vestry. Recent works have been carried out to the roof drainage over this area. The rendering of the dado inside the church may be due to rising damp. This should be investigated. Timberwork to spire is in need of painting.
Hall: Generally good.
The church has a very high degree of integrity.
Modifications and dates
1909 - organ purchased
1932 - Hall built
1940s? - Low wall and gates built to street boundaries
1961 - Office addition to south-west corner of hall
s - Toilet addition to eastern end of hall.
Further information
The group of buildings is very cohesive in design, with the hall adopting the polychrome detailing of the church, but with the church remaining the dominant building on the site in both scale, location and level of detail.
The church and hall are no longer used by a congregation of the Uniting Church of Australia for regular Sunday worship, but the Strathfield-Homebush parish uses one room as its central church office, and occasionally uses the church for special services. The church is leased to 3 other congregations for worship services, and the hall is leased for the offices of other religious organisations and for community use.
Heritage listing
As at 30 May 2003, Trinity Uniting Church constructed in 1889 is an exceptionally fine and intact example of Victorian Romanesque design, with excellent polychrome brickwork detailing, both externally and internally. The cruciform plan of the church is extended vertically through the spirelet over the crossing. The church contains a fine collection of leadlight windows, original furnishings, original gas light fittings and a pipe organ (1909) by the London firm of Norman and Beard. The intactness and exceptional aesthetic significance of this place make it State significant. The church is associated with the Jones family, prominent and wealthy members of the Sydney community - Sir Philip Sydney Jones and his brother Edward Jones, whose father was David Jones of department store fame, contributed financially to the establishment of the church. Sir Phillip's younger brother, George, and brother-in-law, Harry P Thomson, were the joint architects.
Trinity Uniting Church was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 19 September 2003 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
The place was built following a split within the congregation of the Congregational Church of Burwood in 1889. A second splinter group from the same church at the same time built the Strathfield Congregational Church. These two congregations were reunited in 1977 under the Uniting Church of Australia.
The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
The church is associated with the Jones family, prominent and wealthy members of the Sydney community - Sir Philip Sydney Jones and his brother Edward Jones, whose father was David Jones of department store fame, contributed financially to the establishment of the church. Sir Phillip's younger brother, George, and brother-in-law, Harry P Thomson, were the joint architects.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
The church is an exceptionally fine and intact example of Victorian Romanesque design, with excellent polychrome brickwork detailing, both externally and internally. The cruciform plan of the church is extended vertically through the spirelet over the crossing. The church contains a fine collection of leadlight windows, original furnishings, original gas light fittings and a pipe organ by the London firm of Norman and Beard.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
The place is significant as a place of worship to the several congregations that use it. With the formation of the Uniting Church of Australia in 1977, the former Trinity congregation moved to Strathfield Uniting Church, leasing Trinity to several young congregations, representing the various cultural groups within the Strathfield area. Strathfield-Homebush Uniting Church Parish maintains a continuing presence using and office daily and the church occasionally. The hall provides facilities for community use.
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
Trinity Uniting Church is a rare example of an elaborate Victorian Romanesque suburban church featuring polychrome brick detailing externally, with the reverse colour way expressed internally. The detailing throughout is of a very high standard.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
It is representative of the rapid expansion of the churches during the second half of the nineteenth century and of the money spent on new church buildings by wealthy and powerful families during the Victorian era.
See also
Uniting Church in Australia
Congregational Union of Australia
Australian non-residential architectural styles
References
Attribution
External links
Strathfield
Category:Strathfield, New South Wales
Strathfield
Category:Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register
Category:Churches completed in 1890
Category:1890 establishments in Australia
Category:Victorian architecture in Sydney
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El Moro, Colorado
El Moro is a census-designated place in Las Animas County, Colorado, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 221.
A post office called El Moro was established in 1876, and remained in operation until 1933. El Moro is a name derived from Spanish meaning "the Moor".
Geography
El Moro is in west-central Las Animas County, bordering the northeast side of the city of Trinidad, the county seat. U.S. Route 160 runs along the southeast edge of the CDP, leading southwest to the center of Trinidad and east to Springfield. U.S. Route 350 branches off from US 160 at the eastern edge of El Moro and leads northeast to La Junta. The city of Pueblo is to the north via Interstate 25, which runs just west of the El Moro CDP.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the El Moro CDP has a total area of , of which are land and , or 0.23%, are water. The Purgatoire River runs through the community, flowing northeast toward the Arkansas River.
Demographics
References
Category:Census-designated places in Colorado
Category:Census-designated places in Las Animas County, Colorado
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Rhectosemia excisalis
Rhectosemia excisalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Snellen in 1900. It is found in Argentina.
References
Category:Spilomelinae
Category:Moths described in 1900
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Henry Ponsonby (died 1745)
Hon. Henry Ponsonby (1685 – 11 May 1745) was an Irish soldier.
He was the son of William Ponsonby, 1st Viscount Duncannon and brother of Brabazon Ponsonby, 1st Earl of Bessborough. He married his cousin Lady Frances Brabazon, daughter of Chambré Brabazon, 5th Earl of Meath, and was father of Chambré Brabazon Ponsonby.
He sat in the Irish House of Commons for Fethard from 1715 to 1727. In 1727 he was elected for both Clomines and Inistioge, sitting for the latter constituency until his death.
He reached the rank of Major-General and was colonel of a Regiment of Foot, (later the 37th Regiment of Foot), from 1735 to his death. He was killed at the Battle of Fontenoy in 1745.
References
Category:1685 births
Category:1745 deaths
Category:Irish soldiers in the British Army
Category:Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Wexford constituencies
Category:Younger sons of viscounts
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Division Street riots
The Division Street riots were episodes of rioting and civil unrest, which started on June 12 and continued through June 14, 1966. These riots are remembered as a turning point in Puerto Rican civic involvement in Chicago. This was the first riot in the United States attributed to Puerto Ricans.
History and cause
Puerto Rican migration to Chicago peaked in the 1950s and 60s, and the Puerto Rican population of Chicago jumped from 255 in 1950 to 32,371 in 1960. Puerto Ricans in Chicago worked low-paying jobs in the service industries or labored in factories. This was in part because of the recruitment efforts of Castle, Barton and Associates, an employment agency. They offered domestic and foundry work contracts, and paid the airfare for Puerto Ricans coming to Chicago. Another factor behind Puerto Rican migration to Chicago was the unemployment and harsh economic conditions created by Operation Bootstrap.
Some of the new Puerto Rican arrivals settled in Chicago's north side, specifically in Lincoln Park. But by the late 1960s, gentrification took hold in Lincoln Park, and working class Puerto Ricans were displaced by high property taxes and expensive housing. Around the city, some Puerto Ricans faced housing discrimination based on their skin color and ethnicity. Many moved west, settling near Division Street in West Town, Bucktown, and Wicker Park. The Chicago Catholic Church did not offer the Puerto Rican community their own parish, so devout Puerto Ricans had to try to attend existing parishes. In the 1950s and 60s, some white parishes did not accept Puerto Rican parishioners, so Puerto Ricans were displaced, looking for a place to worship and meet. According to Felix M. Padilla, the systematic oppression that Puerto Ricans experienced in Chicago in the 1960s created a psychological climate for riot. Puerto Ricans faced racial discrimination, class-related hardships, and lived on the margins of a city that only valued them for their cheap labor.
Puerto Ricans in Chicago carried deep feelings of resentment towards the police. Puerto Ricans associated the police with poor service of the community and brutal, rude interactions. Despite these tense conditions, police superintendent Orlando W. Wilson reported that the police report on racial tensions he ordered on June 7 showed no signs of unrest in the Puerto Rican community.
Riots
In 1966, Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley declared the first week of June to be "Puerto Rican Week." On June 12, 1966, Puerto Ricans celebrated the culmination of this week, and their first ethnic parade in downtown Chicago, held on June 11. In the evening, on Division Street in West Town and Humboldt Park, an altercation began between police and revelers near Damen Avenue and Division Street. Police alleged that Arcelis Cruz, a young Puerto Rican man, was armed and involved in a street fight.
A white police officer, Thomas Munyon, shot Cruz in the leg. A large crowd gathered, and bystanders became involved. Some gathered to try to help Cruz, others to demonstrate against police violence.
More police were called, with canine units. A police officer let a police dog bite a Puerto Rican man on the leg. The crowd of over 4,000 Puerto Ricans attacked the police with rocks, bottles, and cans, and smashed windows on police cars. The crowd overturned some police cars, and set fire to others. More police and canine units were called in, but the rioting continued for three days.
As the riot began, a local Spanish-language radio personality, Carlos Agrelot, was broadcasting live, describing the scene on Division Street. His coverage of the violence and protest attracted more people to the streets, even people from other neighborhoods.
On the second day of the riot, community organization leaders and clergymen organized a rally. At this rally, organizers urged the crowd of 3,000 Puerto Ricans to end the violence. The police department also ordered officers to de-escalate the conflict. However, after the rally, rioters threw bricks and rocks at police officers, and the riot continued. Rioters targeted white-owned businesses as they looted and burned property in the neighborhood.
On the third night, 500 police officers patrolled the Division Street area, attempting to restore order. Over the course of the three nights of the riot, 16 people were injured, 49 were arrested, and 50 buildings were critically damaged.
Aftermath
Following the riot, community leaders organized several peace rallies at Humboldt Park. There were also marches and demonstrations, including a march on June 28, 1966, at which over 200 Puerto Ricans from the Division Street area marched five miles to City Hall to protest the city government's negligence and police brutality.
A month after the riot, the Chicago Commission on Human Relations held open hearings, which provided a forum for Puerto Rican and other Spanish-speaking residents of Chicago to discuss problems facing these communities. They discussed the displacement and discrimination in housing, discriminatory practices by the police and fire departments, and poor educational opportunities. The hearings lasted for two days. During the hearings, Puerto Ricans cited a lack of jobs, poor housing and education, little political power, union discrimination, inadequate city services, and police brutality. As a result of these meetings, the Puerto Rican community proposed specific policy recommendations.
With support from Community Action Agencies in the Division Street Area, the riots inspired the creation of Puerto Rican community organizations. These include the Spanish Action Committee of Chicago (SACC), the Latin American Defense Organization (LADO), the Bickerdike Revedelopment Corporation, the ASPIRA Association and the Young Lords (in 1968); cultural centers such as the Ruiz Belvis Cultural Center and the Juan Antonio Corretjer Puerto Rican Cultural Center; and a school, the Escuela Superior Puertorriqueña (which is now named Dr. Pedro Albizú Campos Puerto Rican High School). Developing from the riots, these organizations' members were younger and more militant than earlier organizations such as the Caballeros de San Juan, Damas de María and the Puerto Rican Congress. They worked to get community concerns such as education, housing, health, and employment addressed by the city and to assert a Puerto Rican presence in city politics.
References
Category:Puerto Rican culture in Chicago
Category:Racially motivated violence against Hispanic and Latino Americans
Category:History of Chicago
Category:Riots and civil disorder in Chicago
Category:Race riots in the United States
Category:1966 in Illinois
Category:1966 riots
Category:June 1966 events
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Neulise
Neulise is a commune in the Loire department in central France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Loire department
References
Category:Communes of Loire (department)
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First Commerce Bancshares
First Commerce Bancshares Inc. was a banking company whose main subsidiary, National Bank of Commerce (NBC), was the largest bank in Lincoln, Nebraska. On July 17, 2000, First Commerce's banks became part of Wells Fargo Bank. At the time First Commerce had about 1,400 employees and $2.3 billion in assets. National Bank of Commerce had $1.5 billion in assets. Other units of First Commerce included a mortgage company, an asset management company, and NBC/Computer Services Corporation.
Banks
National Bank of Commerce, Lincoln
Western Nebraska National Bank, North Platte
First National Bank & Trust Co., Kearney
The Overland National Bank, Grand Island
The First National Bank of McCook
The First National Bank of West Point
Western Nebraska National Bank, Valentine
City National Bank & Trust, Hastings
History
Morris Weil moved from France to the United States in 1875 at age 17. After starting the Lincoln Paint and Color Company in 1892, he started the state-chartered The Bank of Commerce in 1902 with $50,000 in capital. Weil served as president until his death 43 years later, though he had started the bank for his son Carl who worked in another bank in town.
During the Panic of 1907, while many banks failed, Weil's skill kept The Bank of Commerce going. Weil eventually sought a national charter led to a series of agricultural crises. Yet under Weil's leadership, and the name of the bank changed to The National Bank of Commerce of Lincoln.
One of the keys to Weil's success was Weil's ability to visit and advise small community banks around the state of Nebraska. In addition, about half of his deposits came from the very banks he visited. Weil also attracted many of the businesses operating in Lincoln.
National Bank of Commerce added one of Nebraska's first savings departments in 1911, By 1924, the bank had grown so much that it needed a new headquarters, and a six-story building went up at 13th and O streets. National Bank of Commerce survived the Great Depression, one of the few banks to do so.
In 1945, Byron Dunn, a bank employee since he was 17 years old in 1905, replaced Weil after his death. In the 1920s, Dunn had visited Colorado in order to collect on cattle loans, which National Bank of Commerce had arranged through a bank in Denver. After that bank went under, Dunn and a group of cowboys rounded up cattle, though in some cases other banks claimed the cattle did not belong to National Bank of Commerce. Still, Dunn had determination and the most cowboys, and his bank collected most of the cattle.
Under Dunn, National Bank of Commerce became "a full-service financial services facility". He added more advertising, improved the bank's appearance, added charge accounts, and had checks printed in Braille. Dunn also became involved in the community, helped to start an employee newspaper, and built a lodge in South Bend. Dunn retired in 1961 with his bank over $80 million in deposits.
Glenn Max Yaussi, who started as a $55 a month employee in 1934, succeeded Dunn. Yaussi recognized the need for new procedures and hired consultants. He also arranged a merger with Lincoln's First Trust Company, one of the top trust companies in the state, adding a mortgage department and a farm management department.
In 1964, National Bank of Commerce significantly increased deposits by offering one of the highest savings interest rates in the country. That same year, the bank bought a computer for its accounting and became one of the first banks in the region to computerize its operations, subsequently providing computer services to other banks.
In 1967, Paul Amen succeeded Yaussi, who became chairman and CEO. In 1968, National Bank of Commerce joined with other banks to offer a Master Charge credit card through MidAmerica Bankcard Association. That same year, the bank began offering travel services.
In 1972, National Bank of Commerce took over Mutual Savings Company of Lincoln, which had nearly $1 million in assets but grew to $23 million five years later. The next year, the bank added Nebraska Savings Company of Scottsbluff. Also during the 1970s, the bank took over the bond underwriter Robert E. Schweser Company, Inc. and started NBC Leasing Company. National Bank of Commerce also built a new 12-story headquarters.
James Stuart Jr., who came to National Bank of Commerce from Citibank, became president in the 1980s and began an affiliate system. The bank holding company First Commerce Bancshares was incorporated in 1985.
During the 1990s, NBC/Computer Software services had 284 banks as customers. First Commerce Mortgage Company had $10 million in new mortgages in 1993. Also, the BankCard Services division had 90,000 credit cards with $78 million in outstanding credit.
Early in 2000, the purchase of First Commerce Bancshares by Wells Fargo was announced. To complete the deal, First Commerce had to sell City National to Heritage Bank of Aurora because Wells Fargo would have had two-thirds of the market in Hastings, more than allowed by federal law. National Bank of Commerce sold a Lincoln branch to Pinnacle Bancorp.
The deal gave Wells Fargo over $4 billion in assets in Nebraska, more than twice what the bank had before. Wells Fargo had 900 employees in the state.
References
External links
Category:Banks established in 1902
Category:Companies based in Lincoln, Nebraska
Category:Defunct financial services companies of the United States
Category:1902 establishments in Nebraska
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A Bunny's Tale
A Bunny's Tale is a 1985 American made-for-television comedy-drama film based on American feminist icon and journalist Gloria Steinem's experiences working as a Playboy Bunny in 1963, as described by her 1963 article "A Bunny's Tale"
(published in Show magazine in two parts, Part I and Part II.)
It stars Kirstie Alley as Steinem.
Plot summary
Engaged by a magazine to write an investigative article on publisher Hugh Hefner's nightclub chain, Ms. Steinem poses as a young girl named "Marie" and enters the Bunny training program at the New York City Playboy Club. Outfitted with phony ears, a fuzzy tail, and a revealing costume, Gloria learns the proper method of serving drinks, the "bunny dip", and how to fend off customers who ignore Hefner's "look but don't touch" policy. She also concludes that being a sex object, even a chaste one, is depressingly demeaning—an "awakening".
Cast
Kirstie Alley as Gloria Steinem
Cotter Smith as Ned Holcomb
Deborah Van Valkenburgh as Pearl
Joanna Kerns as Andrea
Lisa Pelikan as Lee
Delta Burke as Margie
Mary Woronov as Miss Renfro
Diana Scarwid as Toby
Romy Windsor as Bobbi
Randi Brooks as Marybeth
Dee Dee Rescher as Hazel
Chick Vennera as Frankie
Stanley Kamel as Jerry
James T. Callahan as Phil
Katie Budge as Gwen
Madison Mason as Luther Baines
Lela Rochon as Charlotte
Chanelle Lee as Sherry
Charles Winters as Greg
Randy Hamilton as David
Richard Lefevre as Willie
Keith Mills as Doctor
Teddy Wilson as Older Club Employee (as Theodore Wilson)
Patricia Ayame Thomson as Playboy Bunny (as Patricia Thomson)
External links
Category:1985 television films
Category:English-language films
Category:1980s comedy-drama films
Category:American television films
Category:American films
Category:American comedy-drama films
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Simmons Hardware Company Warehouse
The Simmons Hardware Company Warehouse, also known as the Battery Building, is a historic warehouse located in Sioux City, Iowa that is on the National Register of Historic Places. The six storey building covered a whole block and its construction was supervised by Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr., the time and motion study pioneer.
History
The building was designed in 1905 for the Simmons Hardware Company of St. Louis to allow the rapid delivery and dispatch of their hardware products.. The design is said to be influenced by the Marshall Field's Wholesale Store in Chicago which was designed by Henry Hobson Richardson in 1887. The Simmons company used the New York company of Gordon, Tracy and Swartwout to do their design. The developer was the unusual Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr., who became famous for being the central character in the book "Cheaper By The Dozen. He used his Time and motion study ideas to further improve the efficiency of the building as he supervised its development.
The architects specified that hundreds of hardened concrete piles were to be driven in to allow the soft ground to take the weight of the (estimated) two million bricks required to construct the building. Whilst the building was being built a sixth floor and other changes were made to the design. The bricks alone would have required over 250 railway cars to transport them and another 450 cars were also required to transport other building materials. The railway cars were of course easy to source as the building had its own railroad switching facilities.
The clock tower was designed to and would become an important landmark. The building was intended to be an "ornament" and the tower was intended to convey importance and the 12 numbers on the clockface were intended to be replaced by the letters T-R-O-Q-R-L-A-T-P-I-F. This abbreviation was to signify the Simmons motto which was "The recollection of quality remains long after the price is forgotten."
The company was the first to establish a nationwide brand for hardware which they supplied via warehouses in six states across America. Other warehouses were in New York, Iowa, Minnesota, Ohio, and a four storey building in Wichita, Kansas. The warehouse's stock consisted of many items, including ammunition, knives, wires, and even dog collars. The company said that, "If you can't eat it, and it don't pour or fold, it's hardware". Salesmen were not only employed to sell all products, but they also had specialist salespeople.
The company had used an aggressive system of business where it aimed to buy up its suppliers so that it had the choice of best machinery and they could give priority to their needs. In the 1920 the Winchester Repeating Arms Company decided to diversify to include knives and hardware. They bought companies and also merged with the Simmons Hardware Company. During the 1920s this warehouse would have been at the disposal of the merged Winchester and Simmons company. The Winchester and Keen Kutter brands did good business during the 1920s but in 1929 they agreed to separate and Simmons and this building returned to their core business.
After hardware
There were multiple owners of the warehouse throughout the years. It was owned by the Kollman-Warner Seed Company in 1939 and the Sioux City Battery Corporation in 1944. Sioux City-based farm retailer Bomgaars bought the building in 1973 and used it as a warehouse and for its corporate offices.
The Bomgaars headquarters moved out in 2005 and in 2007, it was planned that the warehouse to be converted into condominiums, offices, and a restaurant. The project would have been completed with a $10.5 million budget. The owners, Roger and Jane Bomgaars, who owned the retail chain Bomgaars, partnered with developers from Omaha, Nebraska with plans to complete the restoration. The plans required city authorities to grant additional tax breaks and to make land available for parking.
In 2013, the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino announced plans to open a Sioux City location, situating casino offices on the first floor of the warehouse, and a new casino and hotel adjoining the historic brick building. Plans evolved to move the hotel inside the historic building and for a 60-foot illuminated guitar to adorn the roof of the structure. Both the casino and hotel opened on August 1, 2014.
References
Category:Industrial buildings completed in 1905
Category:Buildings and structures in Sioux City, Iowa
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Sioux City, Iowa
Category:Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
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R. Ewing Thomason
Robert Ewing Thomason known as R. Ewing Thomason (May 30, 1879 – November 8, 1973) was a Texas politician, a member and Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives, the mayor of El Paso, a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives, and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas.
Early life and education
Born in Shelbyville, Bedford County, Tennessee, Thomason moved to Gainesville, Texas, with his parents in 1880. He attended public schools, and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas, in 1898. Thomason received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Texas School of Law in 1900 and was admitted to the bar in 1901, commencing practice in Gainesville. Thomason was the prosecuting attorney of Cooke County, Texas, from 1902 to 1906.
Professional career
Thomason continued to practice law upon his moving to El Paso, in a law firm with Thomas Calloway Lea, Jr., and later J. G. McGrady and Eugene T. Edwards. He was a member of the Texas House of Representatives from 1917 to 1921, serving as Speaker in 1920 and 1921. Thomason served as the Mayor of El Paso from 1927 to 1930, and was elected to the 72nd United States Congress as a Democrat in 1930. Thomason served from March 4, 1931 until his resignation on July 31, 1947, to take a seat on the federal bench.
Federal judicial service
Thomason was nominated by President Harry S. Truman on April 24, 1947, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas vacated by Judge Charles Albert Boynton. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 3, 1947, and received his commission on June 5, 1947. He assumed senior status on June 1, 1963. He served in senior status in El Paso until his death there on November 8, 1973. He was interred in Restlawn Cemetery in El Paso.
Honor
El Paso County Hospital District's University Medical Center, was named in his honor from 1963 until 2009. In 2016 the United States courthouse in El Paso was renamed in his honor.
References
Sources
External links
R. E. Thomason Shaped City, State, Nation - El Paso Community College Borderlands project
El Paso County, Texas - Political Graveyard
Category:1879 births
Category:1973 deaths
Category:People from Shelbyville, Tennessee
Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Texas
Category:Judges of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas
Category:United States district court judges appointed by Harry S. Truman
Category:20th-century American judges
Category:Mayors of El Paso, Texas
Category:Speakers of the Texas House of Representatives
Category:Texas Democrats
Category:Texas lawyers
Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
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Ekwulobia Prison
Ekwulobia Prison is a medium security prison in Aguata Local Government Area of Anambra State. The prison has an operational housing capacity of 85 inmates.
The facility was opened in 2010 and initially had 25 prisoners.
In June 2015, it was reported that 47 Boko Haram suspects had been transferred to the prison on orders of President Buhari.
References
Category:Anambra State
Category:Prisons in Nigeria
Category:Boko Haram
Category:2010 establishments in Nigeria
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Islanovo
Islanovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Kushnarenkovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 56 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.
References
Category:Rural localities in Bashkortostan
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Karina Alanís
Karina Alanís (born 9 December 1993) is a Mexican sprint canoeist.
She won a medal at the 2019 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships.
References
Category:1993 births
Category:Living people
Category:ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak
Category:Mexican female canoeists
Category:Sportspeople from Monterrey
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Palette
Palette may refer to:
Cosmetic palette, an archaeological form
Color scheme
Palette (painting), a wooden board used for mixing colors for a painting
Palette (computing), in computer graphics, a selection of colors
Palette window, in computing, a window type often containing tools
the valve under an organ pipe which is connected to the keyboard (s), —as opposed to the stop valve
Palette AOC, a wine Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée in the Provence region of southern France
Palette, a villages part of Le Tholonet, which gives its name to the Palette AOC
Palette Records, a record label
Palette knife, artist's (painter's) palette knife
Palette (EP), a 2012 EP by Nobuhiko Okamoto
Palette (company), a Japanese visual novel studio (video game company)
Palette (IU album), a 2017 studio album by IU
Palette (freeware game), a Japanese language freeware adventure game
Palette, a company that makes a modular controller used for photo and video editing
See also
Palate, the roof of the mouth
Pallet, a holder for goods for use with a forklift
Pallet (disambiguation), for other uses
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2011–12 curling season
The 2011–12 curling season began in September 2011 and ended in April 2012.
Note: In events with two genders, the men's tournament winners will be listed before the women's tournament winners.
CCA-sanctioned events
This section lists events sanctioned by and/or conducted by the Canadian Curling Association (CCA). The following events in bold have been confirmed by the CCA as part of the 2011–12 Season of Champions programme as of December 6, 2010. The non-bold events are events sanctioned by the CCA.
Other eventsNote: Events that have not been placed on the CCA's list of sanctioned events are listed here.World Curling TourGrand Slam events in bold.
Note: More events may be posted as time progresses.
Teams
Men's events
Women's events
WCT Order of Merit rankings
WCT Money List
The Dominion MA Cup
The Dominion MA Cup presented by TSN was contested in the 2011–12 season. The Cup was awarded to the Canadian Curling Association Member Association (MA) who has had the most success during the season in CCA-sanctioned events. Events include the Canadian mixed championship, men's and women's juniors championships, the Scotties, the Brier, the men's and women's senior championships and the national wheelchair championship. Points were awarded based on placement in each of the events, with the top association receiving 14 points, then the 2nd place team with 13, etc.
Alberta won the second Dominion MA Cup, finishing first in five of the eight events, including the Scotties, and finishing second in the other three events, including the Brier. Alberta also defended its title from last year, when they tied with Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan finished in fourth place with two first-place finishes, while last year's runner-up Manitoba finished in a close third, losing second place to Ontario, which had one first-place finish.
Standings
Capital One Cup
The Capital One Cup was a season-long competition that awarded curling teams point values for their participation in Capital One Grand Slam of Curling events. At the end of the season, the men's and women's teams with the top three point values were awarded a purse of prize money.
The points were allocated as follows:
Notable team changes
Retirements
Kim Dolan, one of Prince Edward Island's most notable curlers, retired from competitive curling following her final Scotties appearance.
Randy Ferbey, one of the most dominant curlers in recent history, retired from competitive curling after his team broke up.
Careers on hiatus
Sisters Jenn Hanna and Stephanie Hanna announced that they will leave competitive curling, and do not intend to play competitively in the near future.
Team line-up changes
Teams listed by skip, new teammates listed in bold
Mary-Anne Arsenault: Arsenault replaced current third Stephanie McVicar with former teammate and skip Colleen Jones, a six-time Canadian champion who won five championships with Arsenault. Jones will play third, while Arsenault's current second, Kim Kelly, and lead, Jennifer Baxter, will remain in their current positions.
Cheryl Bernard: Bernard decided to drop her lead Jennifer Sadleir after only one season together due to off-ice issues. Shannon Aleksic, a Saskatchewan native who previously played for British Columbia's Kelley Law, will join the team as the new lead.
Suzanne Birt: Robyn MacPhee, Birt's current second, decided to take a year off of competitive curling, and will be replaced by Sarah Fullerton, a former Prince Edward Island provincial junior champion.
Jim Cotter: Third Kevin Folk has relocated to Calgary for work. Folk has been replaced by former Winnipeg skip and Russian national champion Jason Gunnlaugson, who moved to British Columbia for work.
Brad Gushue: Third Ryan Fry left the team following the end of the 2012 Tim Hortons Brier. Brett Gallant, a former Canadian Junior champion from Prince Edward Island, will join the team as Fry's replacement. Gallant will play at second, while current second Adam Casey will play at third.
Amber Holland: Holland parted ways with her team of Heather Kalenchuk, Tammy Schneider and Kim Schneider, and formed a new squad consisting of Dailene Sivertson, Brooklyn Lemon and Jolene Campbell. Siverston, a former British Columbia provincial junior champion, last played as Kelly Scott's second, and will play lead for Holland. Lemon, a former provincial junior champion of Saskatchewan, joins as second, and Campbell, a former skip and Holland's alternate in recent seasons, will play as third.
Shannon Kleibrink: Longtime third Amy Nixon, who left the team in March to form her own team, was replaced by Kalynn Park, who is a former Alberta provincial junior champion. Park will play as second, while Bronwen Webster, who sat out as alternate for much of the season due to pregnancy, will be promoted from second to third following her return.
Amy Nixon left her longtime skip Shannon Kleibrink to form a new squad consisting of Nadine Chyz, Whitney More and Tracy Bush. Chyz, who will play as third, is a former Canadian Junior champion and World Junior silver medallist. More, who will play as second, is a former Alberta provincial champion, while Bush, who will play as lead, is also a former Canadian Junior champion and World Junior silver medallist.
Kelly Scott: Lead Jacquie Armstrong retired from curling, and second Dailene Sivertson left the team to play lead for Amber Holland. Sarah Wazney, a former Canadian Junior champion, will be joining the team at lead.
Heather Smith-Dacey: Third Danielle Parsons left the team and was replaced by Stephanie McVicar, a former Canadian Junior silver medallist.
Jeff Stoughton: Longtime lead Steve Gould was dropped from the team. Gould has been replaced by Olympic gold medalist Mark Nichols, who previously played with Brad Gushue.
References
See also
World Curling Tour Home
Season of Champions Home
*2011-12
*2011-12
Category:Seasons in curling
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Lothar Friedrich
Lothar Friedrich (11 December 1930 – 19 April 2015) was a German professional racing cyclist. He rode in four editions of the Tour de France.
References
External links
Category:1930 births
Category:2015 deaths
Category:German male cyclists
Category:People from Völklingen
Category:Tour de France cyclists
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Gynoxys validifolia
Gynoxys validifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.
It is found only in Ecuador.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Sources
validifolia
Category:Flora of Ecuador
Category:Endangered plants
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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Gaoqi
Gaoqi (高崎) may refer to:
Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport, in Huli District of Xiamen City, Fujian, China
Gaoqi Railway Station, formerly known as Xiamen North Railway Station, train station in Huli District of Xiamen City, near the above-mentioned airport
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Lechería
Lechería (Spanish for dairy) may refer to:
Mexico
Autopista Chamapa-Lechería, a toll road in Greater Mexico City
Lechería station of the Mexico City suburban train system Ferrocarril Suburbano de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México
Venezuela
, Diego Bautista Urbaneja Municipality, Venezuela
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Cathedral of St. Mary the Great, Viana do Castelo
The Cathedral of St. Mary the Great () also called Viana do Castelo Cathedral is a Catholic church and fortress built in the fifteenth century, which preserves a Romanesque appearance and is located in the city of Viana do Castelo in Portugal.
Its facade is flanked by two large towers topped by battlements and highlights its beautiful Gothic portal with archivolts with sculpted scenes from the Passion of Christ and sculptures of the Apostles. It is a Romanesque church with a Latin cross and inside is separated by three arches supported on pillars ships. It is classified as Imóvel of Public Interesse.
Inside, are the chapels of St. Bernard (by Fernão Brandão) and the chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, attributed to stonemason, João Lopes the "old".
See also
Roman Catholicism in Portugal
References
Viana Do Castelo
Category:Buildings and structures in Viana do Castelo
Viana Do Castelo
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1893 in Norwegian music
The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1893 in Norwegian music.
Events
Deaths
Births
July
4 – Finn Bø, songwriter, revue writer, playwright, journalist and theatre critic (died 1962).
December
13 – Olav Gurvin, musicologist and Professor at the University of Oslo (died 1974).
See also
1893 in Norway
Music of Norway
References
Category:Norwegian music
Norwegian
Music
Category:1893 in Norwegian music
Category:1890s in Norwegian music
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HMS Scorpion (1910)
HMS Scorpion was one of sixteen s in service with the Royal Navy in the First World War. She was built by Fairfields Govan shipyards on the Clyde and was commissioned on 30 August 1910. She was a coal powered ship and as such was obsolete by the end of the First World War and was scrapped in 1921.
Construction and design
Scorpion was one of three s ordered from Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company as part of the 1908–1909 shipbuilding programme. The Beagles were not built to a standard design, with detailed design being left to the builders of individual ships in accordance with a loose specification.
The three Fairfield ships were long, with a beam of and a draught of . Displacement was normal. Five Yarrow boilers fed direct-drive Parsons steam turbines driving three propeller shafts. The machinery was rated at giving a design speed of . Gun armament consisted of one BL 4 inch naval gun Mk VIII and three QF 12-pounder 12 cwt guns. Torpedo armament consisted of two 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes. Two spare torpedoes were carried. The ship ahd a crew of 96 officers and men.
Scorpion was laid down at Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company's Govan, Glasgow shipyard on 3 May 1909 and was launched on 19 February 1910. She reached a speed of during sea trials, and was completed in August 1910.
Service
On commissioning, Scorpion joined the First Destroyer Flotilla of the Home Fleet.
The first commander of HMS Scorpion was the then Lieutenant-Commander Andrew Cunningham, who remained in command of the destroyer from January 1911 to January 1918 Early days in Scorpion included the Naval Review of 1911 with twenty-six miles of ships including 42 battleships and 68 destroyers.
On 15 November 1911, Scorpion was in collision with the Danish schooner Fyn when the First Flotilla was returning to Harwich after exercises in the English Channel. Scorpion was holed close to her engine room and was towed to port by sister ship , while flooding forced Fyn to be abandoned near the Goodwin Sands. Scorpion was repaired at Chatham Dockyard. In 1912, the destroyers of the Beagle-class transferred to the newly established Third Destroyer Flotilla.
In 1913 the period in home waters came to an end with the Beagle-class, including Scorpion, posted to the Mediterranean, forming the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla.
First World War
Scorpion remained as part of the Fifth Flotilla of the Mediterranean Fleet at the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914. The early part of the war saw her involved in the chase of the German battlecruiser and cruiser . Scorpion was one of eight destroyers deployed by Rear Admiral Ernest Troubridge to assist his squadron of Armoured cruisers in stopping the German ships escaping to Austrian waters. When it was realised that Goeben and Breslau were not heading to Austria, Troubridge left these destroyers behind as they did not have sufficient coal left for a high speed pursuit, and set off southwards on the night of 6/7 August 1914 with his four Armoured cruisers. He called off his pursuit later that night because he could not intercept the German squadron until daylight, when Goebens superior speed and armament would give the Germans a significant advantage. On 1 November 1914 she and the destroyer sank the Turkish armed yacht Beyrout in Vourla harbour, in a search for vessels believed to be involved in minelaying operations in the Gulf of Smyrna.
In 1915, she took part in the naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign. Initial operations involved escorting minesweepers attempting to clear the minefields in the mouth of the Dardanelles, with Scorpion escorting minesweeping trawlers on the night of 3/4 March 1915. On 4 March, two companies of Royal Marines were landed at Kum Kale and Sedd el Bahr in attempt to ensure that forts and gun batteries damaged in previous naval bombardments were completely demolished. The landings came under heavy fire, and despite gunfire support from ships, including Scorpion, which knocked out a gun battery, the Marines were forced to withdraw without achieving their objectives and were picked up by the supporting ships, with Scorpion cutter picking up 7 men cut off on a beach. In total 23 Marines were killed or missing and 25 wounded.
References
Notes
References
Category:Beagle-class destroyers
Category:Ships built in Govan
Category:1910 ships
Category:World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom
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1995 Toray Pan Pacific Open – Singles
Steffi Graf was the defending champion but did not compete that year.
Kimiko Date won in the final 6–1, 6–2 against Lindsay Davenport.
Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated. The top four seeds received a bye to the second round.
Conchita Martínez (Quarterfinals)
Mary Pierce (Quarterfinals)
Lindsay Davenport (Final)
Natasha Zvereva (Second Round)
Kimiko Date (Champion)
Anke Huber (Quarterfinals)
Magdalena Maleeva (Semifinals)
Iva Majoli (Semifinals)
Draw
Final
Section 1
Section 2
External links
1995 Toray Pan Pacific Open Draw
Category:Pan Pacific Open
Toray Pan Pacific Open - Singles
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Stem rust
The stem, black, and cereal rusts are caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis and are a significant disease affecting cereal crops. Crop species that are affected by the disease include bread wheat, durum wheat, barley and triticale. These diseases have affected cereal farming throughout history. The life cycle of Puccinia (also called the "rust cycle") was discovered by Prof. K.C. Mehta. Since the 1950s, wheat strains bred to be resistant to stem rust have become available. Fungicides effective against stem rust are available as well.
In 1999 a new virulent race of stem rust was identified that most current wheat strains show no resistance against. The race was named TTKSK (e.g. isolate Ug99), named after the country where it was identified (Uganda) and the year of its discovery (1999). It spread to Kenya, then Ethiopia, Sudan and Yemen, and is becoming more virulent as it spreads. An epidemic of stem rust on wheat caused by race TTKSK is currently spreading across Africa, Asia and the Middle East and is causing major concern due to the large numbers of people dependent on wheat for sustenance. Scientists are working on breeding strains of wheat that are resistant to UG99. However, wheat is grown in a broad range of environments. This means that breeding programs would have extensive work remaining to get resistance into regionally adapted germplasms even after resistance is identified.
An outbreak of another virulent race of stem rust, TTTTF, took place in Sicily in 2016, suggesting that the disease is returning to Europe. Comprehensive genomic analysis of Puccinia graminis combined with plant pathology and climate data has pointed out the potential of the re-emergence of stem wheat rust in UK.
Biology
There is considerable genetic diversity within the species P. graminis, and several special forms, forma specialis, which vary in host range have been identified.
Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae, oat
Puccinia graminis f. sp. dactylisPuccinia graminis f. sp. dactylis
Puccinia graminis f. sp. hordei, barley
Puccinia graminis f. sp. lolii
Puccinia graminis f. sp. poae
Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis, rye, barley
Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, wheat, barley
P. graminis is a member of the phylum Basidiomycota within the kingdom Fungi. The characteristic rust color on stems and leaves is typical of a general stem rust as well as any variation of this type of fungus. Different from most fungi, the rust variations have five spore stages and alternate between two hosts. Wheat is the primary host, and barberry is the alternate host.
There are multiple pathotypes (including QCC and MCC) affecting barley, within forma specialis tritici.
Pathology
The stem rust fungus attacks the parts of the plant that are above ground. Spores that land on green wheat plants form a pustule that invades the outer layers of the stalk. Infected plants produce fewer tillers and set fewer seed, and in cases of severe infection the plant may die. Infection can reduce what is an apparently healthy crop about three weeks before harvest into a black tangle of broken stems and shriveled grains by harvest.
Stem rust of cereals causes yield losses in several ways:
Fungus absorbs nutrients that would otherwise be used for grain development.
Pustules break through epidermis, which disrupt the plant's control of transpiration and can lead to desiccation and infection by other fungi.
Interference with plant vascular tissue leads to shriveled grains.
The fungus weakens the stems, which can lead to lodging (falling over). In severe cases lodging can make mechanical harvesting impossible.
Signs and symptoms
On wheat
Stem rust on wheat is characterized by the presence of uredinia on the plant, which are brick-red, elongated, blister-like pustules that are easily shaken off. They most frequently occur on the leaf sheaths, but are also found on stems, leaves, glumes and awns. On leaves they develop mostly on the underside but may penetrate to the upperside. On leaf sheaths and glumes pustules rupture the epidermis, giving a ragged appearance.
Towards the end of the growing season black telia are produced. For this reason stem rust is also known as 'black rust'. The telia are firmly attached to the plant tissue.
The site of infection is a visible symptom of the disease.
On barberry
Pycnia appear on barberry plants in the spring, usually in the upper leaf surfaces. They are often in small clusters and exude pycniospores in a sticky honeydew. Five to ten days later, cup-shaped structures filled with orange-yellow, powdery aeciospores break through the lower leaf surface. The aecial cups are yellow and sometimes elongate to extend up to 5 mm from the leaf surface.
Life cycle
Like other Puccinia species, P. graminis is an obligate biotroph (it colonizes living plant cells) and has a complex life cycle featuring alternation of generations. The fungus is heteroecious, requiring two hosts to complete its life cycle – the cereal host and the alternate host. There are many species in Berberis and Mahonia that are susceptible to stem rust, but the common barberry is considered to be the most important alternate host. P. graminis is macrocyclic (exhibits all five of the spore types that are known for rust fungi).
Animated video of the life cycle of stem rust
P. graminis can complete its life cycle either with or without barberry (the alternate host).
Life cycle on barberry
Due to its cyclical nature, there is no true 'start point' for this process. Here, the production of urediniospores is arbitrarily chosen as a start point.
Urediniospores are formed in structures called uredinia, which are produced by fungal mycelia on the cereal host 1–2 weeks after infection. The urediniospores are dikaryotic (contain two un-fused, haploid nuclei in one cell) and are formed on individual stalks within the uredinium. They are spiny and brick-red. Urediniospores are the only type of spores in the rust fungus life cycle that are capable of infecting the host on which they are produced, and this is therefore referred to as the 'repeating stage' of the life cycle. It is the spread of urediniospores that allows infection to spread from one cereal plant to another. This phase can rapidly spread the infection over a wide area.
Towards the end of the cereal host's growing season, the mycelia produce structures called telia. Telia produce a type of spore called teliospores. These black, thick-walled spores are dikaryotic. They are the only form in which Puccinia graminis is able to overwinter independently of a host.
Each teliospore undergoes karyogamy (fusion of nuclei) and meiosis to form four haploid spores called basidiospores. This is an important source of genetic recombination in the life cycle. Basidiospores are thin-walled and colourless. They cannot infect the cereal host, but can infect the alternative host (usually barberry). They are usually carried to the alternative host by wind.
Once basidiospores arrive on a leaf of the alternative host, they germinate to produce a haploid mycelium that directly penetrates the epidermis and colonises the leaf. Once inside the leaf the mycelium produces specialised infection structures called pycnia. The pycnia produce two types of haploid gametes, the pycniospores and the receptive hyphae. The pycniospores are produced in a sticky honeydew that attracts insects. The insects carry pycniospores from one leaf to another. Splashing raindrops can also spread pycniospores. A pycniospore can fertilise a receptive hypha of the opposite mating type, leading to the production of a dikaryotic mycelium. This is the sexual stage of the life cycle and cross-fertilisation provides an important source of genetic recombination.
This dikaryotic mycelium then forms structures called aecia, which produce a type of dikaryotic spores called aeciospores. These have a worty appearance and are formed in chains – unlike the urediniospores that are spiny and are produced on individual stalks. The chains of aeciospores are surrounded by a bell-like enclosure of fungal cells. The aeciospores are able to germinate on the cereal host but not on the alternative host (they are produced on the alternative host, which is usually barberry). They are carried by wind to the cereal host where they germinate and the germ tubes penetrate into the plant. The fungus grows inside the plant as a dikaryotic mycelium. Within 1–2 weeks the mycelium produces uredinia and the cycle is complete.
Life cycle without barberry
Since the urediniospores are produced on the cereal host and can infect the cereal host, it is possible for the infection to pass from one year's crop to the next without infecting the alternate host (barberry). For example, infected volunteer wheat plants can serve as a bridge from one growing season to another. In other cases the fungus passes between winter wheat and spring wheat, meaning that it has a cereal host all year round. Since the urediniospores are wind dispersed, this can occur over large distances. Note that this cycle consists simply of vegetative propagation – urediniospores infect one wheat plant, leading to the production of more urediniospores that then infect other wheat plants.
Spore dispersal
Puccinia graminis produces all five of the spore types that are known for rust fungi.
Spores are typically deposited close to the source, but long-distance dispersal is also well documented. The following three categories of long-distance dispersal are known to occur:
Extremely long-distance dispersal
This can occur unassisted (the robust nature of the spores allows them to be carried long distances in the air and then deposited by rain-scrubbing) or assisted (typically on human clothing or infected plant material that is transported between regions). This type of dispersal is rare and is very difficult to predict.
Step-wise range expansion
This is probably the most common mode of long-distance dispersal and usually occurs within a country or region.
Extinction and recolonisation
This occurs in areas that have unsuitable conditions for year-round survival of Puccinia graminis – typically temperate regions where hosts are absent during either the winter or summer. Spores overwinter or oversummer in another region and then recolonise when conditions are favorable.
Wheat stem rust resistance genes
A number of stem rust resistance genes (Sr genes) have been identified in wheat. Some of them arose in bread wheat (e.g. Sr5 and Sr6), while others have been bred in from other wheat species (e.g. Sr21 from T. monococcum) or from other members of the tribe Triticeae (e.g. Sr31 from rye and Sr44 from Thinopyrum intermedium).
None of the Sr genes provide resistance to all races of stem rust. For instance many of them are ineffective against the Ug99 lineage. Notably Ug99 has virulence against Sr31, which was effective against all previous stem rust races. Recently, a new stem rust resistance gene Sr59 from Secale cereale was introgressed into wheat, which provides an additional asset for wheat improvement to mitigate yield losses caused by stem rust. Singh et al. (2011) provide a list of known Sr genes and their effectiveness against Ug99.
History of stem rust
The fungal ancestors of stem rust have infected grasses for millions of years and wheat crops for as long as they have been grown. According to Jim Peterson, professor of wheat breeding and genetics at Oregon State University, "Stem rust destroyed more than 20% of U.S. wheat crops several times between 1917 and 1935, and losses reached 9% twice in the 1950s," with the last U.S. outbreak in 1962 destroying 5.2% of the crop.
While Ug99 wasn't discovered until 1999, stem rust has been an ongoing problem dating back to Aristotle's time (384-322 B.C). An early ancient practice by the Romans was one where they would sacrifice red animals such as foxes, dogs, and cows to Robigus (fem. Robigo), the rust god. They would perform this ritual in the spring during a festival known as the Robigalia in hopes of the wheat crop being spared from the destruction caused by the rust. Weather records from that time have been observed and it has been speculated that the fall of the Roman Empire was due to a string of rainy seasons in which the rust would have been more harsh, resulting in reduced wheat harvests. Laws banning barberry were established in 1660 in Rouen, France. This was due to the fact that European farmers noticed a correlation between barberry and stem rust epidemics in wheat. The law banned the planting of barberry near wheat fields and was the first of its kind before the parasitic nature of stem rust was discovered in the 1700s.
Two Italian scientists, Fontana and Tozzetti, first explained the stem rust fungus in wheat in 1767. Italian scientist Giuseppe Maria Giovene (1753–1837), in his work Lettera al dottor Cosimo Moschettini sulla ruggine, also thoroughly studied the stem rust. Thirty years later it received its name, Puccinia graminis, by Persoon, and in 1854 brothers Louis René and Charles Tulasne discovered the characteristic five-spore stage that is known to some stem rust species. The brothers were also able to make a connection between the red (urediniospore) and black (teliospore) spores as different stages within the same organism, but the rest of the stages remained unknown.
Anton de Bary later conducted experiments to observe the beliefs of the European farmers regarding the relationship between the rust and barberry plants, and after successful attempts to connect the basidiospores of the basidia stage to barberry, he also identified that the aeciospores in the aecia stage reinfect the wheat host. Upon de Bary's discovery of all five spore stages and their need for barberry as a host, John Craigie, a Canadian pathologist, identified the function of the spermogonium in 1927.
Due to the useful nature of both barberry and wheat plants, they were eventually brought to North America by European colonists. Barberry was used for many things like making wine and jams from the berries to tool handles from the wood. Ultimately, as they did in Europe, the colonists began to notice a relationship between barberry and stem rust epidemics in wheat. Laws were enacted in many New England colonies, but as the farmers moved west, the problem with the stem rust moved with them and began to spread to many areas, creating a devastating epidemic in 1916. It wasn't until two years later in 1918 that the United States created a program to remove barberry. The program was one that was supported by state and federal entities and was prompted by the looming fear of food supplies during the war. The "war against barberries" was waged and called upon the help of citizens through radio and newspaper advertisements, pamphlets, and fair booths asking for help from all in the attempt to rid the barberry bushes of their existence. Later, in 1975–1980, the program was reestablished under state jurisdiction. Once this happened, a federal quarantine was established against the sale of stem rust susceptible barberry in those states that were part of the program. A barberry testing program was created to ensure that only the species of barberry and other variations of plants that are immune to stem rust will be grown in the quarantine area.
See also
Chilean wheat cycle
List of Puccinia species
References
External links
Borlaug Global Rust Initiative
FAO
Animation of stem rust life cycle
Category:Cereal diseases
Category:Puccinia
Category:Fungi described in 1794
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Tarzan (book series)
Tarzan is a series of twenty-four adventure novels written by Edgar Rice Burroughs (1875-1950) and published between 1912 and 1966, followed by several novels either co-written by Burroughs, or officially authorized by his estate. There are also two works written by Burroughs especially for children that are not considered part of the main series. The series is considered a classic of literature and is the author's best-known work. Tarzan has been called one of the best-known literary characters in the world. Tarzan has been adapted many times, complete or in part, for radio, television, stage, and cinema. (It has been adapted for the cinema more times than any book.)
The copyright on Tarzan of the Apes has expired in the United States in the early 1960s, though the name Tarzan is still protected as a trademark of Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. The work also remains under copyright in some other countries where copyright terms are longer.
The twenty four main books
Tarzan of the Apes (1912)
The novel tells the story of John Clayton II. John and Alice (Rutherford) Clayton, Lord and Lady Greystoke of England, are marooned in the western coastal jungles of equatorial Africa in 1888. After an unstated amount of time later, their son John Clayton II is born. At one year old his mother dies, and soon thereafter his father is killed by the savage king ape Kerchak. The infant is then adopted by the she-ape Kala.
Clayton is named "Tarzan" ("White Skin" in the ape language) and raised in ignorance of his human heritage.
As a boy, feeling alienated from his peers due to their physical differences, he discovers his true parents' cabin, where he first learns of others like himself in their books. Using basic primers with pictures, over many years he teaches himself to read English, but having never heard it, cannot speak it.
Upon his return from one visit to the cabin, he is attacked by a huge gorilla which he manages to kill with his father's knife, although he is terribly wounded in the struggle. As he grows up, Tarzan becomes a skilled hunter, exciting the jealousy of Kerchak, the ape leader, who finally attacks him. Tarzan kills Kerchak and takes his place as "king" of the apes.
Later, a tribe of black Africans settle in the area, and Tarzan's adopted mother, Kala, is killed by one of its hunters. Avenging himself on the killer, Tarzan begins an antagonistic relationship with the tribe, raiding its village for weapons and practicing cruel pranks on them. They, in turn, regard him as an evil spirit and attempt to placate him.
A few years later when Tarzan is 18 years of age, a new party is marooned on the coast, including 19 year old Jane Porter, the first white woman Tarzan has ever seen. Tarzan's cousin, William Cecil Clayton, unwitting usurper of the ape man's ancestral English estate, is also among the party. Tarzan spies on the newcomers, aids them in secret, and saves Jane from the perils of the jungle.
Among the party was French naval officer Paul D'Arnot. While rescuing D'Arnot from the natives, a rescue ship recovers the castaways. D'Arnot teaches Tarzan to speak French and offers to take Tarzan to the land of white men where he might connect with Jane again. On their journey, D'Arnot teaches him how to behave among white men. In the ensuing months, Tarzan eventually learns to speak English as well.
Ultimately, Tarzan travels to find Jane in Wisconsin, USA. Tarzan learns the bitter news that she has become engaged to William Clayton. Meanwhile, clues from his parents' cabin have enabled D'Arnot to prove Tarzan's true identity as John Clayton the Earl of Greystoke. Instead of reclaiming his inheritance from William, Tarzan chooses rather to conceal and renounce his heritage for the sake of Jane's happiness.
The Return of Tarzan (1913)
The novel picks up soon after where Tarzan of the Apes left off. The ape man, feeling rootless in the wake of his noble sacrifice of his prospects of wedding Jane Porter, leaves America for Europe to visit his friend Paul d'Arnot. On the ship he becomes embroiled in the affairs of Countess Olga de Coude, her husband, Count Raoul de Coude, and two shady characters attempting to prey on them, Nikolas Rokoff and his henchman Alexis Paulvitch. Rokoff, it turns out, is also the countess's brother. Tarzan thwarts the villains' scheme, making them his deadly enemies.
Later, in France, Rokoff tries time and again to eliminate the ape man, finally engineering a duel between him and the count by making it appear that he is the countess's lover. Tarzan deliberately refuses to defend himself in the duel, even offering the count his own weapon after the latter fails to kill him with his own, a grand gesture that convinces his antagonist of his innocence. In return, Count Raoul finds him a job as a special agent in the French ministry of war. Tarzan is assigned to service in Algeria.
A sequence of adventures among the local Arabs ensues, including another brush with Rokoff. Afterward Tarzan sails for Cape Town and strikes up a shipboard acquaintance with Hazel Strong, a friend of Jane's. But Rokoff and Paulovitch are also aboard, and manage to ambush him and throw him overboard.
Miraculously, Tarzan manages to reach shore in a lifeboat he finds from a derelict ship. He finds himself in the coastal jungle where he was brought up by the apes. He soon rescues and befriends a native warrior, Busuli of the Waziri, and is adopted into the Waziri tribe. After defeating a raid on their village by ivory raiders, Tarzan becomes their chief.
The Waziri know of a lost city deep in the jungle, from which they have obtained their golden ornaments. Tarzan has them take him there, but is captured by its inhabitants, a race of ape-like men, and is condemned to be sacrificed to their sun god. To Tarzan's surprise, the priestess to perform the sacrifice is a beautiful woman who speaks the ape language he learned as a child. She tells him she is La, high priestess of the lost city of Opar. When the sacrificial ceremony is fortuitously interrupted, she hides Tarzan and promises to lead him to freedom. But the ape man escapes on his own, locates a treasure chamber, and manages to rejoin the Waziri.
Meanwhile, Hazel Strong has reached Cape Town where she meets Jane and her father, Professor Porter, together with Jane's fiancé, Tarzan's cousin William Cecil Clayton. They are all invited on a cruise up the west coast of Africa aboard the Lady Alice, the yacht of another friend, Lord Tennington. Rokoff, now using the alias of M. Thuran, ingratiates himself with the party and is also invited along. The Lady Alice crashes into the same derelict ship Tarzan found, and it sinks, forcing the passengers and crew into the lifeboats. The one containing Jane, Clayton and "Thuran" is separated from the others and suffers terrible privations. Coincidentally, the boat finally makes shore in the same general area that Tarzan did. Unknown to the three, it is but a few miles from the landing site of the other life boats.
The three construct a rude shelter and eke out an existence of near starvation. After some weeks, Jane and William Clayton are surprised in the forest by a lion. Clayton loses Jane's respect by cowering in fear before the beast instead of defending her. But, they are saved from attack when the lion is suddenly speared and killed by an unknown hand. Their hidden savior is in fact Tarzan, who leaves without revealing himself due to seeing Jane in the arms of Clayton. Jane breaks off her engagement to Clayton, finally gathering the courage to follow her heart and not marry a man she does not love.
Later Jane is kidnapped and taken to Opar by a party of the Oparian ape-men who were pursuing their escaped sacrifice, Tarzan. The ape man learns of her capture and tracks them, managing to save her from being sacrificed by La. La is crushed by Tarzan's spurning of her for Jane.
Tarzan and Jane make their way up the coast to the former's boyhood cabin, where they encounter the remainder of the castaways of the Lady Alice, except for Clayton. D'Arnot is there with his naval ship and is preparing to rescue and return the party to civilization. "Thuran" is exposed as Rokoff and arrested. The missing Clayton had been very ill and was abandoned by Rokoff at the location where he, Rokoff and Jane's boat had landed. Jane and Tarzan go to find him, but he dies in spite of Tarzan and Jane's efforts to help him.
Tarzan weds Jane and Tennington weds Hazel in a double ceremony performed by Professor Porter, who had been ordained a minister in his youth. Then they all set sail for civilization, taking along the treasure Tarzan had found in Opar.
The Beasts of Tarzan (1914)
The story begins a year after the conclusion the previous book, Tarzan (Lord Greystoke) and Jane have had a son they named Jack. Tarzan has spent much time building an estate home on the Waziri lands in Uziri, Africa, but has returned to his ancestral estate in London for the rainy season.
Tarzan's adversaries from the previous novel, Nikolas Rokoff and Alexis Paulvitch, escape prison and kidnap the Greystoke heir. But the trap is elaborate and insidious, leading both Tarzan and Jane to be kidnapped as well. Rokoff exiles Tarzan on a jungle island, informing him that Jack will be left with a cannibal tribe to be raised as one of their own, while Jane's fate was to be left to his imagination.
Using his jungle skill and primal intelligence, Tarzan wins the help of Sheeta, the vicious panther, a tribe of great apes led by the moderately intelligent Akut, and a native warrior, Mugambi. With their aid, Tarzan reaches the mainland and begins a lengthy pursuit to find Jane (who is actively engineering her own extrication) and Jack.
By the end of the story Rokoff is dead, while Paulvitch, his cohort, is presumed dead but manages to escape into the jungle. The Tarzan family returned to London along with Mugambi, who is offered a place at Tarzan's Waziri estate.
The Son of Tarzan (1915/16)
The story begins 10 years after the conclusion of the previous novel. During the past decade, Alexis Paulvitch, who had escaped Tarzan at the end of the last novel, has lived a hideous life of abuse and disease among tribal people in Africa. Now he is discovered by a European ship and taken aboard. In the months that followed, Paulvitch encounters the ape, Akut, (whom Tarzan had befriended in that previous story) at one of the ship's stops. Because of Akut's interactions with Tarzan, he was unafraid of white men, and Paulvitch, unaware of the previous relationship, saw an opportunity to make some money. He took Akut to London and began displaying him publicly.
After the trauma of the kidnappings ten years earlier, Jane had refused to return to Africa or to allow Jack to know anything about his father's past for fear that he might somehow try to relive it. Perhaps she instinctively knew that Jack was somehow very connected to Tarzan's old life, for Jack did have an avid interest in wildlife and he was extremely athletic. When the Claytons heard about the displayed ape, John decided to take Jack to see him. Tarzan was surprised to find the ape was his old friend, Akut, and began conversing with him. Jack was amazed to see that his father could do so. John then told Jack of his life as Tarzan.
Jack started sneaking away to see Akut and began learning the language of the apes. Jack began to form a plan to take Akut back to the jungle. Paulvitch saw an opportunity for revenge, and agreed to help Jack. They escape to an African port where Paulvitch attacks Jack. Jack (probably now 12), like his father, was man-sized as a teen. Paulvitch is killed, and Jack, terrified, escapes into the jungle with Akut, thinking he will have to run for the rest of his life.
Like Tarzan before him, Jack learns survival in the jungle and encounters the Mangani apes, who he can speak with because of his dialogue with Akut. The nearest they can manage of his name "Jack" in the ape tongue is "Korak". This means "killer" which seems appropriate since Jack has proven himself to be such.
By around the age of 13 Jack finds an abused girl of about 11 named Meriem and rescues her. He begins teaching her to survive the jungle and they begin a sibling type relationship and live adventurously in the jungle for several years.
In the interim, Tarzan and Jane have begun living at their Wahiri estate in Africa again, not having any idea what became of their son. After about six years Tarzan and Jane encounter Korak (now about 18) and Meriem (now 16) and reunite with them and are returned to London and married. Arguably, the book is as much about Meriem as it is about Tarzan's son.
Tarzan and the Jewels of Opar (1916)
At the end of the previous novel (#4) Tarzan (John Clayton) and Jane's son, Jack a.k.a. Korak, has come into adulthood. John (Tarzan) and Jane Clayton have left London and returned to their Waziri ranch, some distance from Tarzan's original stomping grounds in Africa (where Jack will find them in novel #4).
John Clayton finds that his fortunes have been embezzled, so he decides to return to the lost city of Opar, where he procured a large supply of gold from their forgotten vaults and reinforced his family fortune (in novel #2).
During this return trip Tarzan is injured in an earthquake and loses all memories of his adult, civilized life and about Jane. La, the high priestess of the Flaming god of Opar, takes advantage of his amnesia. She had fallen in lust with the ape man during their first encounter. But while La hopes his amnesia opens the door for her lustful advances, her priests are not going to allow Tarzan to escape their sacrificial knives this time. In the meanwhile, Jane is in trouble and wonders what is keeping her husband from coming to her rescue.
Jungle Tales of Tarzan (1919)
A collection of twelve loosely connected short stories of Tarzan's late teenage years, within a year or two before Tarzan first sees white people including Jane Porter.
"Tarzan's First Love"
"The Capture of Tarzan"
"The Fight for the Balu"
"The God of Tarzan"
"Tarzan and the Black Boy"
"The Witch-Doctor Seeks Vengeance"
"The End of Bukawai"
"The Lion"
"The Nightmare"
"The Battle for Teeka"
"A Jungle Joke"
"Tarzan Rescues the Moon"
Tarzan the Untamed (1920)
In the year 1914, while John Clayton, Lord Greystoke (Tarzan) is away from his plantation home in British East Africa, it is destroyed by invading German troops from Tanganyika. On his return he discovers among many burned bodies one that appears to be the corpse of his wife, Jane Porter Clayton. Another fatality is the Waziri warrior Wasimbu, left crucified by the Germans. (Wasimbu's father Muviro, first mentioned in this story, goes on to play a prominent role in later Tarzan novels.)
Maddened, the ape-man seeks revenge not only on the perpetrators of the tragedy but upon all Germans, and sets out for the battle front of the war in west Africa. On the way he has a run-in with a lion (or Numa, as it is called by the apes among whom Tarzan was raised), which he traps in a gulch by blocking the entrance. Upon reaching the front he infiltrates the German headquarters and seizes Major Schneider, the officer he believes led the raid on his estate. Returning to the gulch, he throws Schneider to the lion. Tarzan goes on to help the British forces in various ways, including setting the lion loose in the enemy trenches. Tarzan later kills von Goss, another German officer involved in the attack on the Greystoke estate.
He then becomes embroiled in the affairs of Bertha Kircher, a woman he has seen in both the German and British camps, and believes to be a German spy, particularly after he learns she possesses his mother's locket, which he had given as a gift to Jane. His efforts to retrieve it lead him to a rendezvous between Kircher and Captain Fritz Schneider, brother of the Major Schneider Tarzan previously threw to the lion, and the actual commander of the force that burned his estate. Killing Schneider, Tarzan believes his vengeance complete. Abandoning his vendetta against the Germans he departs for the jungle, swearing off all company with mankind.
Seeking a band of Mangani, the species of apes among whom he had been raised, Tarzan crosses a desert, undergoing great privations. Indeed, the desert is almost his undoing. He only survives by feigning death to lure a vulture (Ska in the ape language) into his reach. He then catches and devours the vulture, which gives him the strength to go on. The scene is a powerful one, a highlight both of the novel and of the Tarzan series as a whole.
On the other side of the desert Tarzan locates an ape band. While with them he once again encounters Bertha Kircher, who has just escaped from Sergeant Usanga, leader of a troop of native deserters from the German army, by whom she had been taken captive. Despite his suspicion of Bertha, Tarzan's natural chivalry leads him to grant her shelter and protection among the apes. Later he himself falls captive to the tribe of cannibals the deserters have sheltered among, along with Harold Percy Smith-Oldwick, a British aviator who has been forced down in the jungle. Learning of Tarzan's plight, Bertha heroically leads the apes against the natives and frees them both.
Smith-Oldwick becomes infatuated with Bertha, and they search for his downed plane. They find it, but are captured again by Usanga, who attempts to fly off in it with Bertha. Tarzan arrives in time to pull Usanga from the plane. Smith-Oldwick and Bertha Kircher then try to pilot it back across the desert to civilization, but fail to make it. Seeing the plane go down, Tarzan once more sets out to rescue them. On the way he encounters another Numa, this one an unusual black lion caught in a pit trap, and frees it.
He, the two lovers and the lion are soon reunited, but attacked by warriors from the lost city of Xuja, hidden in a secret desert valley. Tarzan is left for dead and Bertha and Smith-Oldwick taken prisoner. The Xujans are masters of the local lions and worshippers of parrots and monkeys. They are also completely insane as a consequence of long inbreeding. Recovering, Tarzan once more comes to the rescue of his companions, aided by the lion he had saved earlier. But the Xujans pursue them and they turn at bay to make one last stand. The day is saved by a search party from Smith-Oldwick's unit, who turn the tide.
Afterward, Tarzan and Smith-Oldwick find out that Bertha is a double agent who has actually been working for the British. Tarzan also learns from the diary of the deceased Fritz Schneider that Jane might still be alive.
Tarzan the Terrible (1921)
Two months have passed since the conclusion of the previous novel (#7) in which Tarzan spent many months wandering about Africa wreaking vengeance upon those whom he believed brutally murdered Jane. At the end of that novel Tarzan learns that her death was a ruse, that she had not been killed at all.
In attempting to track Jane, Tarzan has come to a hidden valley called Pal-ul-don filled with dinosaurs, notably the savage Triceratops-like Gryfs, which, unlike their prehistoric counterparts, are carnivorous and stand 20 feet tall at the shoulder. The lost valley is also home to two different adversarial races of tailed human-looking creatures: the hairless and white skinned, city-dwelling Ho-don and the hairy and black-skinned, hill-dwelling Waz-don. Tarzan befriends a Ho-don warrior, and the Waz-don chief, actuating some uncustomary relations. In this new world Tarzan becomes a captive but so impresses his captors with his accomplishments and skills that they name him Tarzan-Jad-Guru (Tarzan the Terrible).
Having been brought there by her German captor, it turns out Jane is also being held captive in Pal-ul-don. She becomes a center-piece in a religious power struggle that consumes much of the novel until she escapes, after which her German captor becomes dependent on her due to his own lack of jungle survival skills.
With the aid of his native allies, Tarzan continues to pursue his beloved, going through an extended series of fights and escapes to do so. In the end success seems beyond even his ability to achieve, until in the final chapter he and Jane are saved by their son Korak, who has been searching for Tarzan just as Tarzan has been searching for Jane.
Tarzan and the Golden Lion (1922/23)
The story picks up with the Clayton family, Tarzan, Jane and their son Korak, returning from their adventures in the previous novel (#8). Along the way they find an orphaned lion cub, which Tarzan takes home and trains.
Flora Hawkes, a previous housemaid of the Claytons, had overheard of Tarzan's discovery of the treasure chamber in the lost city of Opar (The Return of Tarzan, Tarzan and the Jewels of Opar) and had managed to copy his map to it. She concocted a plan to lead an expedition to collect the gold. As a contingency to discourage any local denizens from questioning them, she sought out and found a Tarzan look-alike to accompany them.
Two years passed since the Clayton family picked up their lion cub, and the Greystoke estate had become financially depleted due his support of the Allies war efforts, and he concluded it was time to return to Opar for another withdrawal.
Tarzan encountered Hawkes' party, where he was drugged and ended up in the hands of the Oparians. Queen La, who had come into disfavor with the high priest, felt she had nothing to lose by escaping with Tarzan through the only unguarded route—a path to the legendary valley of diamonds, from which no one had ever returned. There, Tarzan found a race of humans who were little better than animals in intelligence, being enslaved by a race of intelligent gorillas. With the help of his golden lion, Tarzan used the natives to restore La to power. Before leaving he accepted a bag of diamonds for a reward.
Meanwhile, the fake Tarzan convinced Tarzan's Waziri party to take the gold from Hawkes' party while most of them were out hunting. He then buried the gold so he could retain it later. The real Tarzan eventually confronted the fake, who managed to pilfer Tarzan's bag of diamonds. The fake was then chased by Tarzan's golden lion, but escaped into a river. He was later captured and permanently imprisoned by a local tribe. Tarzan lost the diamonds, but was able to attain the gold and return with it.
Tarzan and the Ant Men (1924)
Tarzan, the king of the jungle, enters an isolated country called Minuni, inhabited by a people four times smaller than himself. The Minunians live in magnificent city-states which frequently wage war against each other. Tarzan befriends the king, Adendrohahkis, and the prince, Komodoflorensal, of one such city-state, called Trohanadalmakus, and joins them in war against the onslaught of the army of Veltopismakus, their warlike neighbours. Tarzan is captured on the battle-ground and taken prisoner by the Veltopismakusians. The Veltopismakusian scientist Zoanthrohago conducts an experiment reducing Tarzan to the size of a Minunian, and the ape-man is imprisoned and enslaved among other Trohanadalmakusian prisoners of war. He meets, though, Komodoflorensal in the dungeons of Veltopismakus, and together they are able to make a daring escape.
Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle (1927/28)
Tarzan finds an outpost of European knights and crusaders from a "forbidden valley" hidden in the mountains.
Tarzan and the Lost Empire (1928)
Tarzan and a young German find a lost remnant of the Roman empire hidden in the mountains of Africa. This novel is notable for the introduction of Nkima, who serves as Tarzan's monkey companion in it and a number of later Tarzan stories. It also reintroduces Muviro, first seen in Tarzan and the Golden Lion, as sub-chief of Tarzan's Waziri warriors.
Tarzan at the Earth's Core (1929)
In response to a radio plea from Abner Perry, a scientist who with his friend David Innes has discovered the interior world of Pellucidar at the Earth's core, Jason Gridley launches an expedition to rescue Innes from the Korsars (corsairs), the scourge of the internal seas. He enlists Tarzan, and a fabulous airship is constructed to penetrate Pellucidar via the natural polar opening connecting the outer and inner worlds. The airship is crewed primarily by Germans, with Tarzan's Waziri warriors under their chief Muviro also along for the expedition.
In Pellucidar Tarzan and Gridley are each separated from the main force of the expedition and must struggle for survival against the prehistoric creatures and peoples of the inner world. Gridley wins the love of the native cave-woman Jana, the Red Flower of Zoram. Eventually everyone is reunited, and the party succeeds in rescuing Innes.
As Tarzan and the others prepare to return home, Gridley decides to stay to search for Frederich Wilhelm Eric von Mendeldorf und von Horst, one last member of the expedition who remains lost (The missing Von Horst's adventures are told in a sequel, Back to the Stone Age, which event does not involve either Gridley or Tarzan).
Tarzan the Invincible (1930/31)
Tarzan, his monkey friend Nkima, and Chief Muviro and his faithful Waziri warriors prevent Russian communists from looting the lost city of Opar.
Tarzan Triumphant (1931)
Backed by Chief Muviro and his faithful Waziri warriors, Tarzan faces Soviet agents seeking revenge and a lost tribe descended from early Christians practicing a bizarre and debased religious cult.
Tarzan and the City of Gold (1932)
After encountering and befriending Valthor, a warrior of the lost city of Athne (whom he rescues from a group of bandits known as shiftas), the City of Ivory and capital of the land of Thenar, Tarzan is captured by the insane yet beautiful queen Nemone of its hereditary enemy, Cathne, the City of Gold, capital of the land of Onthar. This novel is perhaps best known for two scenes; in the first, Tarzan is forced to fight Cathne's strongest man in its arena. While an ordinary man might have been in trouble, Tarzan easily overpowers his antagonist. The second scene, in which Tarzan is forced to fight a lion, starts with the ape man being forced to run away from a hunting lion, Belthar, which will hunt him down and kill him. Tarzan at first believes he can outrun the beast (lions tire after the first 100 yards at top speed). This lion, however, is of a breed specifically selected for endurance, and ultimately Tarzan must turn to face him, though aware that without a knife he can do little but delay the inevitable. Fortunately his own lion ally, Jad-bal-ja, whom he had raised from a cub, arrives and intervenes, killing Belthar and saving Tarzan. Nemone, who believes her life is linked to that of her pet, kills herself when it dies.
Unusually for lost cities in the Tarzan series, which are typically visited but once, Cathne and Athne reappear in a later Tarzan adventure, Tarzan the Magnificent. (The only other lost city Tarzan visits more than once is Opar.)
Tarzan and the Lion Man (1933/34)
Tarzan discovers a mad scientist with a city of talking gorillas. To create additional havoc, a Hollywood film crew sets out to shoot a Tarzan movie in Africa and brings along an actor who is an exact double of the apeman himself, but is his opposite in courage and determination.
Tarzan and the Leopard Men (1935)
An amnesiac Tarzan and his monkey companion Nkima are taken by an African warrior to be his guardian spirits, and as such come into conflict with the murderous secret society of the Leopard Men.
Tarzan's Quest (1935/36)
Tarzan's wife Jane, in her first appearance in the series since Tarzan and the Ant Men, becomes involved in a search for a bloodthirsty lost tribe reputed to possess an immortality drug. Also drawn in are Tarzan and his monkey companion, little Nkima, and Chief Muviro and his faithful Waziri warriors, who are searching for Muviro's lost daughter Buira. Nkima's vital contribution to the adventure is recognized when he is made a recipient of the treatment along with the human protagonists at the end of the novel.
Tarzan and the Forbidden City (1938)
Tarzan cared little for the fate of adventurer Brian Gregory, drawn to the legendary city of Ashair by the rumor of the Father of Diamonds, the world's hugest gem. But to the ape-man the tie of friendship was unbreakable, and Paul d'Arnot's pleas moved him to agree to guide the expedition Gregory's father and sister organized for his rescue. The enigmatic Atan Thome was also obsessed with the Father of Diamonds, and planted agents in the Gregory safari to spy out its route and sabotage its efforts. Both parties reached their goal, remote Ashair... as prisoners of its priests, doomed to die in loathsome rites.
Tarzan the Magnificent (1939)
Tarzan encounters a lost race with uncanny mental powers, after which he revisits the lost cities of Cathne and Athne, previously encountered in the earlier novel Tarzan and the City of Gold. As usual, he is backed up by Chief Muviro and his faithful Waziri warriors.
Tarzan and the Foreign Legion (1947)
While serving in the R.A.F. under his civilian name of John Clayton during World War II, Tarzan is shot down over the island of Sumatra in the Japanese-occupied Dutch East Indies. He uses his jungle survival skills to save his comrades in arms, and fight the Japanese while seeking escape from enemy territory.
Tarzan and the Madman (1964)
Tarzan tracks down yet another impostor resembling him, who is under the delusion he is Tarzan.
Tarzan and the Castaways (1965)
Collection of three unconnected short stories.
"Tarzan and the Castaways" (originally entitled "The Quest of Tarzan")
"Tarzan and the Champion"
"Tarzan and the Jungle Murders"
Related works by Burroughs
The Eternal Lover and The Mad King (1914–15, 1925, 1926)
Originally written as a series of four novellas, they were first published as novels in 1925 and 1926.
The Eternal Lover recounts a sister and brother visiting the Greystoke estate in Africa before the first World War. While there, the sister falls unconscious, and remembers her adventures from a past life thousands of years ago. Tarzan makes occasional appearances as their present-day host.
The first half of The Mad King is set before the African visit, and focuses on the brother, finding out that they are related to the royalty of a small kingdom between Austria and Serbia. The second half is set after the African visit as the brother returns to the European kingdom on the eve of World War I. Tarzan does not appear in these two stories, although the sister from Eternal Lover does.
Tarzan and the Tarzan Twins (1927/1936)
Originally written as a pair of novellas specifically for younger readers, the two stories; "The Tarzan Twins" and "Tarzan and the Tarzan Twins, with Jad-bal-ja, the Golden Lion" were published together in 1963. While the fact that they were written for children usually excludes them from lists of the main Tarzan novels, the family in the stories does make an appearance in Tarzan and the Lost Empire (1929).
Tarzan: The Lost Adventure (1995)
Eighty-three typed pages for an unfinished Tarzan novel were found in Burroughs' safe after his death. In the mid-1990s the Burroughs estate and Dark Horse Comics chose Joe R. Lansdale to revise and complete the novel which was released as a co-authored work in 1995.
Licensed works
The Adventures of Tarzan (1921, 2006)
A licensed novelization serialized in 15 parts by newspapers in 1921. This work by Maude Robinson Toombs is based on the scripts for the 15-part film-serial of the same name, and was first released as a collected edition in 2006.
Tarzan and the Lost Safari (1957)
Novelization authorized by the Burroughs estate, based on the screenplay of the 1957 film. Published by Whitman Books.
Tarzan and the Valley of Gold (1966)
Authorized by the Burroughs estate as the 25th official novel, this work by Fritz Leiber is based on the screenplay for the film of the same name. The book includes footnotes connecting the story to events from Burroughs' twenty-four prior novels.
Tarzan: The Mark of the Red Hyena (1967)
A Whitman Big Little Book written by George S. Elrick, authorized by the Burroughs estate. Tarzan, Jane, Korak and the Waziri battle poachers led by a man who calls himself the Red Hyena.
Endless Quest Books
In the 1980s, TSR, Inc. published two Tarzan books as part of their Endless Quest gamebook series.
Tarzan and the Well of Slaves (1985)
By Douglas Niles . Released as EQ #26.
Tarzan and the Tower of Diamonds (1986)
By Richard Reinsmith . Released as EQ #31.
Tarzan: The Epic Adventures (1996)
The pilot episode of the 1996–1997 television series Tarzan: The Epic Adventures was adapted into an authorized 1996 novel by R. A. Salvatore. The book is nominally set during the middle of The Return of Tarzan as it chronicles a time after Tarzan returned to Africa from Paris, but before he married Jane.
The Dark Heart of Time (1999)
Following The Lost Adventure the Burroughs estate authorized Philip Jose Farmer to write an official Tarzan novel, released in 1999 as The Dark Heart of Time. Best known for his Riverworld series, Philip Jose Farmer has also written a number of Tarzan-based pastiche works. He also authored Tarzan Alive: A Definitive Biography of Lord Greystoke (1972/2006), and two authorized Opar novels set thousands of years in the past: Hadon of Ancient Opar (1974) and Flight to Opar (1976).
Set in October 1918—during Tarzan's search for Jane—the novel takes place between Tarzan the Untamed and Tarzan the Terrible. The novel's antagonist is James D. Stonecraft, an American oil magnate who believes that Tarzan knows the secret of immortality. Stonecraft hires hunters to track and capture Tarzan for the secret, leading to a conflicts at the "City Built by God" and the "Crystal Tree of Time". Through all of the adventure Tarzan is focused on escaping his pursuers so that he may return to his search for his wife.
Young adult reboot
Tarzan: The Greystoke Legacy (2011)
Author Andy Briggs has rebooted the series as young adult fiction, in the vein of Young Bond, with the first novel—Tarzan: The Greystoke Legacy—published in June 2011. The reboot is set in modern Africa and features Tarzan at around 18 and Jane as the teenage daughter of doctor turned illegal logger.
Tarzan: The Jungle Warrior (2012)
Andy Briggs's second book in the young adult reboot.
Tarzan: The Savage Lands (2013)
Andy Briggs also released the third book on February 7, 2013.
The Wild Adventures series
Tarzan: Return to Pal-ul-don (2015)
Author Will Murray's authorized sequel to Tarzan the Terrible. Released as The Wild Adventures of Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan [volume 1].
Tarzan on the Precipice (2016)
Michael A. Sanford's authorized novel covers events between Tarzan of the Apes and The Return of Tarzan. Tarzan, after concealing his true identity of Lord Greystoke from Jane Porter, journeys from Wisconsin north to Canada and uncovers an ancient civilization of Vikings. Released as The Wild Adventures of Edgar Rice Burroughs 2.
King Kong vs. Tarzan (2016)
Will Murray's authorized novel details the encounter between the giant ape (shipwrecked in Africa while being transported from Skull Island to New York) and the apeman. Released as The Wild Adventures of King Kong [book 1].
Tarzan Trilogy (2016)
Thomas Zachek's's authorized collection of Tarzan novellas relates three African adventures of the Ape Man in the run-up to World War II. Released as The Wild Adventures of Edgar Rice Burroughs Series 3.
Tarzan: The Greystoke Legacy Under Siege (2017)
Ralph N. Laughlin and Ann E. Johnson's authorized novel featuring four generations of Tarzan's family under threat in the 1980s. Released as The Wild Adventures of Edgar Rice Burroughs Series 4.
Tarzan and the Revolution (2018)
Thomas Zachek's authorized novel featuring the role of Tarzan, the Waziri, and the lost city of Opar in events involving an emerging central African nation threatened by dictatorship. Released as The Wild Adventures of Edgar Rice Burroughs Series 8.
Tarzan: Conqueror of Mars (2020)
Will Murray's authorized novel in which Tarzan is transported to Mars and seeks out John Carter to in order to get home. Released as The Wild Adventures of Edgar Rice Burroughs Series 9.
Edgar Rice Burroughs Universe Series
Tarzan and the Dark Heart of Time (2018)
Reissue of Philip Jose Farmer's authorized novel The Dark Heart of Time: A Tarzan Novel (1999). Re-released as Edgar Rice Burroughs Universe 1.
Tarzan and the Valley of Gold (2019)
Reissue of Fritz Leiber's authorized novel from 1966. Re-released under the Edgar Rice Burroughs Universe banner.
Tarzan: Battle For Pellicidar (2020)
In Win Scott Eckert's authorized novel, Tarzan returns to the Earth’s core on a mission to stop Nazis from obtaining a powerful super weapon. Released under the Edgar Rice Burrough Universe banner.
Critical reception
While Tarzan of the Apes met with some critical success, subsequent books in the series received a cooler reception and have been criticized for being derivative and formulaic. The characters are often said to be two-dimensional, the dialogue wooden, and the storytelling devices (such as excessive reliance on coincidence) strain credulity. While Burroughs is not a polished novelist, he is a vivid storyteller, and many of his novels are still in print. In 1963, author Gore Vidal wrote a piece on the Tarzan series that, while pointing out several of the deficiencies that the Tarzan books have as works of literature, praises Edgar Rice Burroughs for creating a compelling "daydream figure."
Despite critical panning, the Tarzan stories have been amazingly popular. Fans love his melodramatic situations and the elaborate details he works into his fictional world, such as his construction of a partial language for his great apes.
Since the beginning of the 1970s, Tarzan books and movies have often been criticized as being blatantly racist. The early books often give a negative and stereotypical portrayal of native Africans, both Arab and black. In The Return of Tarzan, Arabs are "surly looking" and say things like "dog of a Christian," while blacks are "lithe, ebon warriors, gesticulating and jabbering." He used every ploy for the purpose of painting his antagonists in simple unflattering colors. While he commonly uses racial stereotypes of black people, his later books also contain black characters that are good-hearted, generous, and intelligent. At the end of Tarzan And The Jewels Of Opar (1918), the fifth book in the twenty-four book series, Burroughs writes, "Lord and Lady Greystoke with Basuli and Mugambi rode together at the head of the column, laughing and talking together in that easy familiarity which common interests and mutual respect breed between honest and intelligent men of any races." Burroughs explains somewhat Tarzan’s attitudes toward people in general in Tarzan And The City Of Gold (1933), where he writes, "Ordinarily, Tarzan was no more concerned by the fate of a white man than by that of a black man or any other created thing to which he was not bound by ties of friendship; the life of a man meant less to Tarzan of the Apes than the life of an ape."
Other ethnic groups and social classes are likewise rendered as stereotypes; this was the custom in popular fiction of the time. A Swede has "a long yellow moustache, an unwholesome complexion, and filthy nails" and Russians cheat at cards. The aristocracy (excepting the House of Greystoke) and royalty are invariably effete.
In later books, there is an attempt to portray Africans in a more realistic light. For example, in Tarzan's Quest, while the hero is still Tarzan, and the black Africans relatively primitive, they are portrayed as individuals, with good and bad traits, and the main villains have white skins. Burroughs never does get over his distaste for European royalty, though.
Burroughs' opinions, made known mainly through the narrative voice in the stories, reflect attitudes widely held in his time, which in a 21st-century context would be considered racist and sexist. The author is not especially mean-spirited in his attitudes. His heroes do not engage in violence against women or in racially motivated violence. Still, a superior-inferior relationship between races is plain and occasionally explicit. According to James Loewen's Sundown Towns, this may be a vestige of Burroughs having been from Oak Park, Illinois, a former Sundown town (a town that forbids non-whites from living within it)--or it may very well be the fact these were common attitudes at the turn of the century.
Some defenders of the Tarzan series argue that some of the words Burroughs uses to describe Africans, such as "savage," were generally understood to have a different and less offensive meaning in the early 20th century than they do today.
Unauthorized works
After Burroughs' death a number of writers produced new Tarzan stories without the permission of his estate. In some instances, the estate managed to prevent publication of such unauthorized pastiches. The most notable exception in the United States was a series of five novels by the pseudonymous "Barton Werper" that appeared 1964-65 by Gold Star Books. As a result of legal action by Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc., they were taken off the market.
The five novels in this series included:
Tarzan and the Silver Globe (Derby: Connecticut: New International Library/Gold Star Books, 1964)
Tarzan and the Cave City (Derby: Connecticut: New International Library/Gold Star Books, 1964)
Tarzan and the Snake People (Derby: Connecticut: New International Library/Gold Star Books, 1964)
Tarzan and the Abominable Snowmen (Derby: Connecticut: New International Library/Gold Star Books, 1965)
Tarzan and the Winged Invaders (Derby: Connecticut: New International Library/Gold Star Books, 1965)
Unauthorized works in Israel and the Arab world
In Israel in the 1950s and early 1960s there was a thriving industry of locally produced Tarzan adventures published weekly in 24-page brochures by several competing publishing houses, none of which bothered to get any authorization from the Burroughs estate. The stories featured Tarzan in contemporary Africa, a popular theme being his fighting against the Mau Mau in 1950s Kenya and single-handedly crushing their revolt several times over. He also fought a great variety of monsters, vampires and invaders from outer space infesting the African jungles, and discovered several more lost cities and cultures in addition to the ones depicted in the Burroughs canon. Some brochures had him meet with Israelis and take Israel's side against her Arab enemies, especially Nasser's Egypt. None of the brochures ever bore a writer's name, and the various publishers - "Elephant Publishing" (), "Rhino Publishing" () and several similar names - provided no more of an address than POB numbers in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. These Tarzan brochures were extremely popular among Israeli youths of the time, successfully competing with the numerous Hebrew translations of the original Tarzan novels. The Tarzan brochures faded out by the middle 1960s.
The popularity of Tarzan in Israel had some effect on the spoken Hebrew language. As it happens, "tarzan" () is a long-established Hebrew word, translatable as "dandy, fop, coxcomb" (according to R. Alcalay's Complete Hebrew-English Dictionary of 1990). However, a word could not survive with that meaning while being identical with the name of a popular fictional character usually depicted as wearing a loincloth and jumping from tree to tree in the jungle. Since the 1950s the word in its original meaning has completely disappeared from the spoken language, and is virtually unknown to Hebrew speakers at present - though still duly appearing in dictionaries.
In the 1950s new Tarzan stories were also published in Syria and Lebanon. Tarzan in these versions was a staunch supporter of the Arab cause and helped his Arab friends foil various fiendish Israeli plots.
See also
Tarzan in film and other non-print media
Tarzan in comics
References
Bibliography
Peter Bräunlein: Ein weißer Mann in Afrika. Rassismus und Geschlechterverhältnisse in Tarzanfilmen. In: iz3w, Issue No. 280, October 2004, pp. 41–43.
Allen Carey-Webb: "Heart of Darkness, Tarzan, and the 'Third World'. Canons and Encounters in World Literature, English 109." College Literature 19 (1992), 121-41.
Eric Cheyfitz: The Poetics of Imperialism: Translation and Colonization from The Tempest to Tarzan. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Erling B. Holtsmark: Tarzan and Tradition: Classical Myth in Popular Literature. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1981.
Walt Morton: "Tracking the Sign of Tarzan: Trans-Media Representation of a Pop-Culture Iocn." In: You Tarzan: Masculinity, Movies and Men. Ed. Pat Kirkham and Janet Thumin. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993.
Nwachukwu Frank Ukadike: Black African Cinema. University of California Press 1994. pp. 40–52.
Richard J. Utz (ed.): Investigating the Unliterary: Six Readings of 'Tarzan of the Apes'. Regensburg: Martzinek, 1995.
External links
A Resource Guide to the Films of Edgar Rice Burroughs
Illustrated Bibliography of the Works of Edgar Rice Burroughs
Official Tarzan and Edgar Rice Burroughs Web Site
Worlds of Edgar Rice Burroughs
Edgar Rice Burroughs Tribute and Weekly Webzine Site
Category:Book series introduced in 1912
Category:Series of books
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Francis Brambell
Francis William Rogers Brambell (25 February 1901 – 6 June 1970) was an Irish medical scientist who spent all of his professional working life in Britain.
Education
Brambell was born in Sandycove, Dublin and was educated (1911–1914) at Aravon School and then privately, specializing in zoology. He entered Trinity College Dublin with an Entrance Prize in Natural Science. In 1920 Brambell won a Foundation Scholarship and in 1922 he graduated B.A. with Senior Moderatorship and Gold Medal in Natural Sciences, and was awarded a postgraduate Fellowship prize. During his first degree he was taught by some distinguished scientists including Professors Henry Horatio Dixon FRS, John Joly FRS, and James Brontë Gatenby. After graduation he worked in cytology under Professor James Brontë Gatenby, gained his B.Sc. (subsequently transformed into M.Sc.) in 1923, and his Ph.D. in 1924 (this was the first Ph.D. of Trinity College, Dublin). In 1924 he was awarded a Science Research Scholarship for the Exhibition of 1851. Owing to the formation of the Irish Free State, Irish graduates had become eligible for the overseas awards of the Commission.
Career
Brambell was appointed Lloyd Roberts Professor and Head of the Department of Zoology at Bangor University in 1930 at age 29 years. From that time until his retirement 38 years later, he brought great distinction to his Department and College. He was the father of the field of transmission of immunity. As part of his quantitative and temporal studies on transmission, he defined the first Fc receptor system for IgG, and furthermore recognized the link between transmission of passive immunity from mother to young and protection from catabolism via IgG.
Brambell wrote Antibodies and Embryos with W. A. Hemmings and M. Henderson in 1951.
Brambell was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in March, 1949 and won their Royal Medal in 1964 "In recognition of his important contribution to our understanding of the passage of protein from maternal to foetal circulations".
In 1965, Brambell lead the UK governmental committee that authored The Five Freedoms, a document asserting the five essential freedom to guarantee quality of life for animals under human control.
Personal life
He died on 6 June 1970. He had married Margaret L. Adgie in 1927.
References
Category:1901 births
Category:1970 deaths
Category:Fellows of the Royal Society
Category:Royal Medal winners
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George Noble Jones
George Noble Jones (1811–1876) was a wealthy American southern plantation owner who owned the El Destino Plantation and Chemonie Plantation. In 1839 he hired English architect Richard Upjohn to build Kingscote, one of the earliest summer "cottages" on 253 Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island. Kingscote, a classic Gothic Revival building, is now a National Historic Landmark and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
George Noble Jones was born in 1811 to Noble Wimberley Jones (1784-1818) and Sarah (Fenwick Campbell) Jones (1784-1843), families with a long colonial heritage. His ancestor, Noble Jones, established Wormsloe Plantation near Savannah, Georgia. On May 18, 1840, George Noble Jones married Mary Wallace Savage (Nuttall) (1812-1869) and purchased Chemonie as well as the Nuttall's El Destino Plantation. G. N. Jones was one of the first members of the elite gentlemen's club, the Newport Reading Room. George Noble Jones died in 1876 in Jefferson, FL. Florida plantation records from the papers of George Noble Jones. St. Louis Mo.: Missouri Historical Society, 1927.</ref>.
References
Category:American planters
Category:1811 births
Category:1876 deaths
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Out of the Grey (The Dream Syndicate album)
Out of the Grey is the third studio album by The Dream Syndicate, a Los Angeles-based alternative rock band, released in 1986.
Background
Out of the Grey was released in 1986 as the first studio album after the band was dropped from A&M Records due to disappointing sales after the release of the 1984 album This Is Not the New Dream Syndicate Album......Live!. The band pondered its future and even retired temporarily, while lead singer and songwriter Steve Wynn made a record with Dan Stuart (as Danny & Dusty). The duo's album, Lost Weekend (1985), was produced by Paul B. Cutler, who has also produced The Dream Syndicate's eponymous first EP (1982). Jamming with Cutler, a guitar player, rekindled the desire in Wynn to bring The Dream Syndicate together again. The band reformed after some personnel changes, most notably the replacement of lead guitarist Karl Precoda by Cutler. The band's sound changed also, to a "considerably more aggressive, but simultaneously country-inflected outlook". The "more mainstream" sound, however, did not lead to commercial success.
The response to the album from fans and critics was positive, and after its release the band toured Europe before going on its first American tour in two years. Right after the release of the record, when the band seemed to be "back on track", the label, Big Time Records, folded, to the band's detriment—it went back into inactivity and Wynn played acoustic solo dates for a while.
Release
The album was followed by an EP, 50 in a 25 Zone, which contained additional tracks including Slim Harpo's "Shake Your Hips". Two singles were released from the album: Alice Cooper's "Ballad of Dwight Fry" in mid-1986, and Eric Clapton and Bonnie Bramlett's "Let It Rain" in 1987. The song "Boston" is an homage to Van Morrison; Wynn explained that the song references the time Morrison spent in Boston between the breakup of Them and the start of his solo career.
Originally released on vinyl, the album was released on CD with a few bonus tracks, and in 1997 on Normal Records with 5 more tracks than the original album.
Reception
According to Mikal Gilmore, Out of the Grey was a "bracing work of redemption" after the band's breakup; he considers it their finest album. According to Don Waller, writing for the Los Angeles Times, "the brain-cloudy 'Boston' and the violent '50 in a 25 Zone' are stark and dark and mark this still-developing outfit as a force to be reckoned with long after all the local New York Dolls imitators have settled down into comfortable lives as light-truck salesmen". A reviewer for The Michigan Daily commented on the "relatively polished sound" and singled out "Boston", "50 in a 25 Zone", and "Now I Ride Alone" for praise.
Track listing
All songs by Steve Wynn except otherwise indicated.
"Out of the Grey"
"Forest for the Trees"
"50 in a 25 Zone" (Steve Wynn, Dennis Duck, Mark Walton, Paul B. Cutler)
"Boston"
"Blood Money"
"Slide Away"
"Dying Embers" (Steve Wynn, Mark Walton, Scott Walton)
"Now I Ride Alone"
"Drinking Problem"
"Dancing Blind"
"You Can't Forget"
"Let it Rain" (Eric Clapton, Bonnie Bramlett)
Extra tracks on the 1997 re-release
"Cinnamon Girl" (Neil Young)
"Ballad of Dwight Fry" (Michael Bruce, Alice Cooper)
"Shake Your Hips" (Slim Harpo)
"I Won't Forget"
"The Lonely Bull" (Sol Lake)
Personnel
Steve Wynn – vocals, guitar
Paul B. Cutler – lead guitar, backing vocals
Mark Walton – bass
Dennis Duck – drums
Johnette Napolitano – vocals on 'Let It Rain'
References
External links
Out of the Grey at Allmusic.com.
Category:1986 albums
Category:The Dream Syndicate albums
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Functional morpheme
In linguistics, functional morphemes, also sometimes referred to as functors, are building blocks for language acquisition. A functional morpheme (as opposed to a content morpheme) is a morpheme which simply modifies the meaning of a word, rather than supplying the root meaning. Functional morpheme are generally considered a closed class, which means that new functional morphemes cannot normally be created.
Functional morphemes can be bound, such as verbal inflectional morphology (e.g., progressive -ing, past tense -ed), or nominal inflectional morphology (e.g., plural -s), or free, such as conjunctions (e.g., and, or), prepositions (e.g., of, by, for, on), articles (e.g., a, the), and pronouns (e.g., she, him, it, you, mine). In English, functional morphemes typically consist of consonants that receive low stress such as /s,z,w,ð/. These phonemes are seen in conjunction with short vowels, usually schwa /ə/. Gerken (1994) points out that functional morphemes are indicators of phrases. So, if the word the appears, a noun phrase would be expected to follow. The same occurs with verb phrases and adjective phrases and their corresponding word endings. Functional morphemes tend to occur at the beginning or end of each phrase in a sentence. The previous example of beginning a noun phrase with the indicates a functional morpheme, as does ending a verb phrase with -ed.
Early Language acquisition
Children begin to use functional morphemes in their speech as early as two years old. Functional morphemes encode grammatical meaning within words, but children don't outwardly show their understanding of this. Recently, linguistics have begun to discover that children to recognize functional morphemes, when previously it was thought otherwise. LouAnn Gerken at the University of Arizona has done extensive research on language development in children. She argues that even though children may not actually produce functional morphemes in speech, they do appear to understand their use within sentences.
In English
In order to determine if a child does indeed recognize functional morphemes, Gerken conducted an experiment. This experiment was conducted in English and focused on words that were not said, rather than words that were said. She came up with sentences in which weak syllables were used, as well as nonsense (or nonce) words. Variations of the verb pushes was used and then altered to make nonce words like bazes, pusho, and bazo. The second variation used was the noun phrase the dog which was changed to na dep, or some combination of the correct and incorrect words. Through this experiment, Gerken discovered that children tended to not say English function morphemes more than the nonsense words. This is because the actual functional morphemes contained less stress than the nonsense words. Due to the nonsense words containing more stress, children were able to say them more often even though they were not real words in English. One reason why this happens is because functors show an increase in the complexity of sentence structures. So, rather than saying the complex sentences with weakly stressed English words, children tend to say the nonsense sentences more frequently due to their lack of linguistic complexity.
In French
In children who spoke French, it was discovered that they acted similarly to the children that spoke English. An experiment was conducted by Rushen Shi and Melanie Lepage on children who spoke Quebec French. They decided to take the French determiner des, meaning 'the', and compare it with the words mes meaning 'my', and kes (a nonce word). The two verbs used were preuve 'proof' and sangle 'saddle'. The verbs then had functors attached to them and appeared in variation with the three noun phrases. Compared to English functors which can be identified through stress, French functors are identified through syllables. This difference made an important distinction between English and French language learners because Shi found that French speaking children learn functors at an earlier age than English speaking children. In the study conducted it was found that French speaking children were able to identify the functors. This is thought to be because French has a higher frequency of noun phrases which leads children to pay more attention to functors.
In other languages
Research has been done in other languages such as German and Dutch. So far most languages act similar to English, in that children who are acquiring language learn functional morphemes even though it might not be outwardly apparent.
Neural processing of functional morphemes
Lee et.al. conducted a study on adults who had surgery within six months prior to test for their knowledge of functional morphemes and to determine where in the brain these processes occur. The study revolved around the participants' ability to produce the correct form of the verb talk. By doing so, the researchers were able to determine the specific area where the processing of functional morphemes occur. They observed grey and white matter in the brain and found that the processing of function morphemes occurs in the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ). They also discovered that if the adult had received damage to their post-superior temporal gyrus (P-STG), then they would have problems producing functional morphemes in the future. Lee et.al. concluded that functional morphemes are required for producing lexically complex words and sentences, and that damage to the P-STG can result in adults having issues with these processes.
Bootstrapping
The linguistic theory of bootstrapping refers to how infants come to learn language through the process of language acquisition. By learning functional morphemes, children are unconsciously bootstrapping themselves for other linguistic processes. This includes learning words in general, grammar, the meaning of words, and how phrases work. Through several studies examining children's language acquisition, it was found that children do use functional morphemes to help them develop other parts of their speech.
References
Category:Units of linguistic morphology
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Nexus 5
Nexus 5 (codenamed Hammerhead) is an Android smartphone manufactured by LG Electronics for Google. Co-developed with and marketed by Google Inc. as part of its Nexus line of flagship devices and unveiled on October 31, 2013, the Nexus 5 served as the launch device for Android 4.4 "KitKat", which introduced a refreshed interface, performance improvements, increased Google Now integration, better battery life and other features.
The Nexus 5 received mostly positive reviews, praising the device's balance of overall performance and cost in comparison to other "flagship" phones, along with the quality of its display and some of the changes introduced by Android 4.4. The display was, however, criticized for being too dim in comparison to other devices, and the camera was criticized for having inconsistent quality.
Directly succeeding the Nexus 4, the Nexus 5 was followed by the Nexus 6 in late 2014 and then the Nexus 5X, the latter being more of a direct successor to the Nexus 5.
Release
The device was unveiled on October 31, 2013; it was made available for pre-order from Google Play Store the same day in 16 GB and 32 GB models. When released, the Nexus 5 was priced at US$349 for the 16 GB version and US$399 for the 32 GB version in the United States. This was much lower than comparable smartphones, which would cost around $649.
, the Nexus 5 is no longer available from Google Play Store.
Specifications
Hardware
The exterior of the Nexus 5 is made from a polycarbonate shell with similarities to the 2013 Nexus 7, unlike its predecessor that uses a glass-based construction. Three exterior colors are available: black, white and red.
Its hardware contains similarities to the LG G2; it is powered by a 2.26 GHz quad-core Snapdragon 800 processor with 2 GB of RAM, either 16 or 32 GB of internal storage, and a 2300 mAh battery. The Nexus 5 uses a 4.95-inch (marketed as 5-inch) 445 PPI 1080p IPS display, and includes an 8-megapixel rear-facing camera with optical image stabilization (OIS), and a 1.3-megapixel front-facing camera. The Nexus 5 supports LTE networks where available, unlike the Nexus 4 which unofficially supported LTE on Band 4 only with a hidden software option, but was not formally approved or marketed for any LTE use. There are two variants of the Nexus 5, with varying support for cellular frequency bands; one is specific to North America (LG-D820), and the other is designed for the rest of the world (LG-D821).
Notable new hardware features also include two new composite sensors: a step detector and a step counter. These new sensors allow applications to easily track steps when the user is walking, running, or climbing stairs. Both sensors are implemented in hardware for low power consumption. Like its predecessors, the Nexus 5 does not have a microSD card slot, while it features a multi-color LED notification light. There are two grills present on the lower edge of the Nexus 5: one is for the mono speaker and the other is for the microphone.
Software
The Nexus 5 was the first Android device to ship with Android 4.4 "KitKat", which had a refreshed interface, improved performance, improved NFC support (such as the ability to emulate a smart card), a new "HDR+" camera shooting mode, native printing functionality, a screen recording utility, and other new and improved functionality.
The device also shipped with Google Now Launcher, a redesigned home screen which allows users to quickly access Google Now on a dedicated page, and allows voice search to be activated on the home screen with a voice command. Unlike the stock home screen, Google Now Launcher is not a component of Android itself; it is implemented as part of the Google Search application. Until 26 February 2014, when it was released on Google Play Store for selected Android 4.4 devices, Google Now Launcher was exclusively shipped by default on the Nexus 5, and was not enabled in Android 4.4 updates for any other Nexus device. While an update to the Google Search application containing Google Now Launcher (which itself was tweaked to improve compatibility with other devices as well) was publicly released shortly after the Nexus 5's release, the launcher itself could not at the time be enabled without installing a second shim application.
Hangouts, which now supports text messaging, is used as the default text messaging application.
In December 2013, the Nexus 5 began receiving the Android 4.4.1 update, which introduced HDR+, fixed issues with auto focus, white balance and other camera issues,. HDR+ takes a burst of shots with short exposures, selectively aligning the sharpest shots and averaging them using computational photography techniques. Short exposures avoids blur, blowing out highlights and averaging multiple shots reduces noise. HDR+ is similar to lucky imaging used in astrophotography. HDR+ is processed on the Qualcomm Hexagon DSP. It also fixes low speaker volume output in certain applications. Android 4.4.2 update followed in a few days, providing further bugfixes and security improvements. In early June 2014, the Nexus 5 received Android 4.4.3 update that included dozens of bug fixes,
while another mid-June 2014 Android 4.4.4 update included a fix for an OpenSSL man-in-the-middle vulnerability.
A developer preview of the Android 5.0 "Lollipop" system image was released for the Nexus 5 after the annual Google I/O conference held on June 26, 2014. The release version of Android 5.0 "Lollipop" was made available on November 12, 2014, in form of factory operating system images. On December 15, 2014 Android 5.0.1 "Lollipop" update began rolling out to Nexus 5 with build number LRX22C, the update was listed as being “miscellaneous Android updates.” In March 2015, the Nexus 5 began receiving the Android 5.1 "Lollipop" update, which addresses performance issues and other user interface tweaks; however, it is known to introduce certain camera issues. In June 2015, Google made the Android 5.1.1 "Lollipop" update available for Nexus 5 aiming to fix the bugs that were not fixed by Android 5.1 update.
In May 2015, a developer preview of Android Marshmallow was made available for the Nexus 5.
In November 2015, Nexus 5 started receiving Android 6.0 "Marshmallow" update across the world. Following which Nexus 5 became one of the first devices to get an Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow update in December 2015. In August 2016, Google confirmed that the Nexus 5 will not receive an official Android 7.0 Nougat update, meaning that Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow is the last officially supported Android version for the device. The Nexus 5's Snapdragon 800 has sufficient processing power to run Android 7.0 Nougat, as shown by successful tests with the Android N Developer Preview program (indeed the Snapdragon 800 is more powerful than the Snapdragon 410 which does support Nougat), and unofficial custom Nougat ROMs have been created for the Nexus 5. However, due to "Google’s requirement for high speed encryption, the Snapdragon 800/801 can’t pass the CTS (Compatibility Test Suite) and don’t comply with the CDD (Compatibility Definition Document)", resulting in such devices not being officially certified for Nougat.
Reception
The Nexus 5 received mostly positive reviews; critics felt that the device provided a notable balance between performance and pricing. Although noting nuances with its display, such as its color reproduction and low maximum brightness in comparison to competitors, CNET praised software features such as the new phone dialer interface and Google Now integration on the home screen, but did not believe KitKat provided many major changes over its predecessors. Hangouts as the default text messaging app was criticized for its user interface and for attempting to force the use of a Google service, while the quality of photos taken with the device was described as being "great, but it didn't particularly blow me away." In conclusion, the Nexus 5 was given a 4 out of 5, concluding that "to even compare this $400 phone to those that cost upward of $650 unlocked (like the Samsung Galaxy S4, HTC One, and Apple iPhone 5S) speaks volumes about the Nexus 5's massive appeal and affordability", and that the device "extends the allure of the Nexus brand to anyone simply looking for an excellent yet inexpensive handset."
Engadget was similarly positive in its review of the Nexus 5, but noted that the device's LTE support was lacking, as its supported bands are segregated across two model variants, and does not support Verizon Wireless. While praised for its crisp quality, it was noted that the display did not render colors (particularly black and white) as richly as the Galaxy S4, but added that "if you think saturated colors are overrated anyway, you're going to love the display here." While considered an improvement over the Nexus 4, the device's battery life was criticized for not being as good as its competitors, and the quality of its camera was considered to be inconsistent. In conclusion, Engadget argued that "whether or not it was the company's intent, Google is sending a message to smartphone makers that it's possible to make high-quality handsets without costing consumers the proverbial arm and leg. Now we just wait and see if that message will be warmly received."
Compared to the LG G2 which was released earlier and shares the same manufacturer and much of the same hardware, the Nexus 5 has a lower-quality rear camera and smaller battery to hit a cheaper price point. However, Nexus 5 has been touted as a clean Android software alternative with the added advantage of running the latest Android 4.4 "KitKat".
DPReview praised the Android 4.4.1's HDR+ which brought substantial improvement in speed and prioritized faster shutter speeds with higher ISOs which reduced blur. The computational photography increased dynamic range and reduced noise. However HDR+ resulted in less detail and more noise in low-light scenes.
The Nexus 5 still held up well against newer devices as it performed faster than the follow-up Nexus 6 released a year later, also noting that the Nexus 6 (at an MSRP of US$650 versus US$350) was much more expensive.
See also
Comparison of Google Nexus smartphones
References
External links
Category:LG Electronics mobile phones
Category:Android (operating system) devices
Category:Smartphones
Category:Mobile phones introduced in 2013
Category:Google Nexus
Category:Ubuntu Touch devices
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Patrick Heron
Patrick Heron (30 January 1920 – 20 March 1999) was a British abstract and figurative artist, critic, writer, and polemicist, who lived in Zennor, Cornwall.
Heron was recognised as one of the leading painters of his generation. Influenced by Cézanne, Matisse, Braque and Bonnard, Heron made a significant contribution to the dissemination of modernist ideas of painting through his critical writing and primarily his art.
Heron's artworks are most noted for his exploration and use of colour and light. He is known for both his early figurative work and non-figurative works, which over the years looked to explore further the idea of making all areas of the painting of equal importance. His work was exhibited widely throughout his career and while he wrote regularly early in his career, notably for New Statesman and Arts New York, this continued periodically in later years.
Personal life
Born 30 January 1920 at Headingley, Leeds in Yorkshire, Heron was the eldest child of Thomas Milner Heron and Eulalie Mabel (née Davies). The family moved to Cornwall when Heron was five and brother Michael (1921), where Tom joined Alec Walker at Cryséde to manage and expand the business from artist-designed wood-block prints on silk to include garment-making and retail. The whole family, now four children (Joanna 1926 and Anthony 1928 born in Cornwall), moved again in 1929 to Welwyn Garden City where Tom established Cresta Silks. Notable designers including Edward McKnight Kauffer and Wells Coates, Paul Nash and Cedric Morris worked with Cresta, and Heron also created fabric designs for the firm from his teenage years. At school, Heron met his future wife, Delia, daughter of Celia and Richard Reiss, a director of the company which founded Welwyn Garden City.
Registered as a conscientious objector in World War II, Heron worked as an agricultural labourer in Cambridgeshire before he was signed off for ill health. He returned to Cornwall to work for Bernard Leach at the Leach Pottery, St Ives, in 1944–45. During this time, he met many leading artists of the St Ives School, including Barbara Hepworth and Ben Nicholson. Reacquainted with Cornwall, Heron spent each summer there until it became his permanent home in 1956 after his purchase and refurbishment of Eagles Nest the year before from Mark Arnold-Forster, a house Heron had lived in during his childhood. He spent the rest of his life here, until he died at home in March 1999.
Patrick and Delia married in 1945 and had two daughters,
architect and educator Katharine (1947)
sculptor Susanna (1949),
Heron was appointed a CBE in 1977 under Harold Wilson, but rejected a knighthood under Margaret Thatcher.
Career as a painter
Heron used that most rare and uncanny of gifts: the ability to invent an imagery that was unmistakably his own, and yet which connects immediately with the natural world as we perceive it, and transforms our vision of it. Like those of his acknowledged masters, Braque, Matisse and Bonnard, his paintings are at once evocations and celebrations of the visible, discoveries of what he called "the reality of the eye".Heron's early works were strongly influenced by artists including Matisse, Bonnard, Braque and Cézanne. Throughout his career, Heron worked in a variety of media, from the silk scarves he designed for his father's company Cresta from the age of 14, to a stained-glass window for Tate St Ives, but he was foremost a painter working in oils and gouache.
Early years
Heron first saw the paintings of Paul Cézanne at an exhibition at the National Gallery in 1933, an influence which continued throughout his career. Having seen The Red Studio by Matisse (one of his other significant influences) at the Redfern Gallery in 1943, Heron completed The Piano, which he considered to be his first mature work. His first solo exhibition was held in 1947 at the Redfern Gallery, London. That same year, Heron began a series of portraits of TS Eliot, one of which was acquired by the National Portrait Gallery in 1966. In 2013 this highly abstracted portrait was the centre of an exhibition at the gallery, displayed for the first time alongside a selection of Heron's original studies from life and memory from which it was produced.
From 1956
Heron's permanent move to Eagles Nest in 1956 coincided with his commitment to non-figurative painting and resulted in a very productive period of his work. Its roots can be seen in the Space in Colour exhibition held at Hanover Gallery, London in 1953 where the works of Heron and nine of his British contemporaries were displayed, which he both curated and wrote the catalogue for. His Tachiste paintings made reference to the garden at Eagles Nest, such as Azalea Garden, in the Tate collection.
His 'Stripe' paintings, described by Alan Bowness as being 'suffused with light and colour and full of a positive life-enhancing quality so free and so refreshing' emphasised this move towards the principles of colour. Writing in 1968, Bowness went on to describe how he could 'think of few more disconcerting paintings in the last twenty years than Herons stripe paintings of 1957'. Heron described how the 'vertical touch' of the Tachiste paintings were pushed to the ultimate conclusion, as the lines "became longer and longer, until on one painting in early 1956 they became so long that the strokes touched top and bottom". From 1958 onwards, Heron was represented by Waddington Galleries. When Ben Nicholson moved to Switzerland in 1958, Heron took over his studio at Porthmeor Studios, overlooking the beach at Porthmeor, St Ives, and began to take advantage of the larger space to paint at a bigger scale – first soft-edged and then the self-described "wobbly hard-edge painting", such as Cadmium with Violet, Scarlet, Emerald, Lemon and Venetian: 1969 in the Tate.
From 1979
The shock of Delia's unexpected death in 1979 meant Heron did little painting for some time. When he did return to the canvas, he turned to the garden at Eagles Nest. Just as it had shown a route to abstraction when Heron first moved there in the 1950s, through it he found a way to reinvigorate his creative approach: rather than rapidly drawing large shapes in pen across the canvas which would then be filled in with a fine Japanese watercolour brush as he had through most of the 1970s, Heron used a large brush, mixed different colours together, and painted from the arm rather than the wrist, allowing the works to develop through the act of painting. This burst of creativity, resulting in paintings such as 28 January: 1983 (Mimosa), formed Heron's Barbican exhibition of 1985.
In 1989 Heron was invited to be artist-in-residence at the museum of New South Wales in Sydney, and this resulted in another highly prolific period of his work. Drawing inspiration from his daily walk to his studio through the city's Botanic Gardens located by the harbour, Heron produced six large paintings and 46 gouaches in sixteen weeks. These works are reactions to real visual experiences, yet are not direct representations; instead the line and colour encapsulate "specific visual realities without ever depicting them".
These intense periods of activity characterised Heron's later career, made obvious through his exhibitions at the Barbican, and another at Camden Arts Centre in 1994. Taking advantage of the space of the centre, Heron created a series of paintings of grand proportions – at and ranging from long, they were conceived with Camden Arts Centre's galleries in mind. These paintings formed the exhibition entitled 'Big Paintings' that went on to tour Britain. The year before, Heron designed a coloured glass window for the new Tate St Ives with his son-in-law Julian Feary, which opened in 1993. Heron was commissioned to paint a portrait of author AS Byatt (1997), and the following year Tate Gallery, London staged a major retrospective of his work in 1998. This was the most comprehensive exhibition of Heron's work and brought together items from the different decades and periods of his working life. Selected by David Sylvester, the works were displayed so that the last gallery with his late paintings adjoined the first gallery with his earliest works, making explicit how the elements on which Heron's career was founded were already in place. Nicholas Serota, former director of the Tate Gallery, who was a friend as well as patron, described Heron as "one of the most influential figures in post-war British art".
Once the exhibition closed, at the Tate Gallery, London, Heron embarked on a series of 100 gouache paintings, each no bigger than A4. He stopped at 43rd, the number it took to cover the carpet in his sitting room at Eagles Nest.
Career as a critic
Naturally I like the article [in the New English Weekly] very much indeed – but not only because what you say about my work pleases me, but also because it is criticism that could only come from someone who has practised himself – and responded to the work in the way it was done. Henry MooreDear Mr Heron, I have translated certain sections of your book on paintings which I have read with interest. You throw a new light on those things about which run-of-the-mill criticism is bewildering. My sincere compliments, Georges Braque
Heron was highly acclaimed as a writer as well as an artist, and respected by his contemporaries for being able to articulate art from the perspective of a practitioner. His writing about art began in 1945 when he was invited by Philip Mairet, editor of The New English Weekly, to contribute to the journal. His first published article, on Ben Nicholson, was written while Heron was still at Leach Pottery. This was soon followed by essays on Picasso, Klee, Cézanne and Braque. Within the next two years Heron began broadcasting a series of talks on contemporary art on the BBC World Service and the newly founded Third programme, and wrote regularly for New Statesman. In 1955, he became London Correspondent to Arts Digest, New York (later renamed Arts(NY)), and in the same year a selection of his criticism was published by Routledge as The Changing Forms of Art. In 1958, Heron took a "vow of silence" as a critic, giving up his regular columns as he said he wanted to be a painter who wrote, not a writer who paints.
He did continue to contribute to exhibition catalogues, and wrote some key articles. Notably in 1966, 1968 and 1970 he published a series of articles in Studio International questioning the perceived ascendancy of American artists, at the expense of British and Parisian artists. His final essay on the subject was in a closely worded article of some 14,000 words published over a period of three days in The Guardian in October 1974. He also wrote passionately in defence of the independence and autonomy of English Art Schools against their integration into the polytechnic system. Heron's articles and essays have been republished in collected works, such as 'Selected Writings by the Artist' in Patrick Heron (Oxford: 1988), Patrick Heron on Art and Education (Leeds: 1996), and The Colour of Colour (Texas: 1979).
Major solo exhibitions
Heron exhibited his work throughout his career. Key solo exhibitions include:
1947 Redfern Gallery, London [First solo exhibition'']
1952 Wakefield City Art Gallery
1960 Bertha Schaefer Gallery, New York
1960 The Waddington Galleries, London
1963 Galerie Charles Lienhard, Zurich
1965 Hume Tower, Edinburgh
1965 VIII Biennal de São Paulo: Gra-Bretanha 1965: Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo
1967 The Richard Demarco Gallery, Edinburgh
1968 Museum of Modern Art, Oxford
1972 Whitechapel Art Gallery
1973 Bonython Art Gallery, Paddington, Sydney, NSW
1978 The University of Texas Art Museum, Austin, Texas
1985 Barbican Art Gallery
1990 Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney
1994 Camden Arts Centre
1998 Tate Britain
2018 Tate St Ives
2018 Turner Contemporary
See also
List of St Ives artists
References
Sources
External links
http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/1999/mar/22/guardianobituaries.michaelmcnay
National Portrait Gallery Patrick Heron (1920-1999), Painter and art critic
Category:1920 births
Category:1999 deaths
Category:20th-century English painters
Category:Abstract painters
Category:Academics of the Central School of Art and Design
Category:Alumni of the Slade School of Fine Art
Category:Artists from Leeds
Category:British conscientious objectors
Category:British contemporary artists
Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Category:British contemporary painters
Category:English male painters
Category:People educated at St George's School, Harpenden
Category:St Ives artists
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Käte Alving
Käte Alving (1896–1974) was a German stage and film actress.
Selected filmography
The Call of the Sea (1951)
Consul Strotthoff (1954)
Freddy, the Guitar and the Sea (1959)
The Ambassador (1960)
The True Jacob (1960)
References
Bibliography
Gerd Heinrichs. Schauspieler und Krebs: sind Schauspieler Krebspatienten oder Krebspatienten Schauspieler?. Wagner Verlag sucht Autoren, 2009.
External links
Category:1896 births
Category:1974 deaths
Category:German film actresses
Category:German stage actresses
Category:People from Hamburg
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Ben Raubenheimer
Lt Gen Ben Raubenheimer is a retired South African Army officer who served as Chief of Staff Finance for the South African Defence Force from 1993 and South African National Defence Force in 1994 before his retirement in 1999.
Army career
He was promoted to Lieutenant General in 1993.
Awards and Decorations
References
Category:South African generals
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
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Dainava (Kaunas)
Dainava is a fairly new neighbourhood (built in 1963, initially as a microdistrict) located in the north of center of Kaunas, the second largest city of Lithuania. It has an elderate status. The borough borders Kaunas Free Economic Zone in the north, Petrašiūnai in the east, Gričiupis in the south as well as Žaliakalnis and Eiguliai in the west.
In the elderate there is an old Jewish cemetery, Lithuanian Zoo, many faculties of Kaunas University of Technology, Friendship Park () started in 1973. The neighbourhood was built in a typical soviet fashion. It is one of the largest elderates in Kaunas with over 70,000 inhabitants as of 2006 despite its small area of only .
External links
Official site
Category:Neighbourhoods of Kaunas
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1950–51 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team
The 1950–51 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1950–51 collegiate men's basketball season. The Huskies completed the season with a 22–4 overall record. The Huskies were members of the Yankee Conference, where they ended the season with a 6–1 record. They were the Yankee Conference regular season champions and made it to the first round of the 1951 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. The Huskies played their home games at Hawley Armory in Storrs, Connecticut, and were led by fifth-year head coach Hugh Greer.
Schedule
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!colspan=12 style=""| NCAA Tournament
Schedule Source:
References
Category:UConn Huskies men's basketball seasons
Connecticut
Connecticut
Category:1950 in sports in Connecticut
Category:1951 in sports in Connecticut
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Rohan Prem
Vishnusekhar (born 13 September 1986, in Thiruvananthapuram) is an Indian first class cricketer. He was the captain of the Kerala cricket team in the Ranji Trophy in 2012-13 and 2016-17. He is a left-handed middle order batsman and off-spin bowler. He made his debut against Rajasthan at Jaipur in 2005. He scored three centuries during the 2007-08 season of the Ranji Trophy Plate League.He is the first Kerala cricketer to achieve 4000 Runs in First class cricket.
In August 2018, he was one of five players that were suspended for three games in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy, after showing dissent against Kerala's captain, Sachin Baby.
References
External links
Category:1986 births
Category:Living people
Category:Indian cricketers
Category:Kerala cricketers
Category:South Zone cricketers
Category:Cricketers from Thiruvananthapuram
Category:Kala Bagan Krira Chakra cricketers
Category:India Green cricketers
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Burngreave (ward)
Burngreave ward—which includes the districts of Burngreave, Fir Vale, Grimesthorpe, Pitsmoor, and Shirecliffe—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. It is located in the northern part of the city and covers an area of . The population of this ward in 2011 was 27,481 people in 9,906 households. It is one of the wards that make up the Sheffield, Brightside and Hillsborough constituency. Most of the ward is served by a free community newspaper, the Burngreave Messenger.
Districts
Burngreave
Burngreave () is a suburb of Sheffield that started to develop in the second half of the 19th century.
Fir Vale
Fir Vale () is a suburb of Sheffield. It lies north west of Firshill, and the area in between was historically known as Pitsmoor Firs.
Grimesthorpe
Grimesthorpe is a suburb in north east Sheffield, lying west of Brightside and north east of Pitsmoor.
The settlement originated in the Dark Ages as a farmstead, passing from Grimshaw to Ulfae, the De Buslis, the De Lovetots and then the Dukes of Norfolk. A guide of 1840 describes the appearance of the village as "exceedingly striking, and partakes in some degree of the grotesque", with it main feature being the Grimesthorpe Grinding Wheel Company. The hills around the village had already been extensively quarried.
Grimesthorpe lies below Wincobank hill, and in the nineteenth century was surrounded by woods, which were popular places for walking. Between 1838 and January 1843 the area was served by Grimesthorpe Bridge railway station on the Sheffield and Rotherham Railway. The area became somewhat run down in the twentieth century. A nineteenth century village pump survives in the suburb.
Osgathorpe
Osgathorpe is a small suburb of Sheffield, lying between Shirecliffe and Firvale. It was probably founded by Norse settlers, and was for many years a hamlet largely owned by the Wake family, who were based in the now-demolished Osgathorpe Cottage. The area was largely covered by housing in the nineteenth century. Osgathorpe Park lies in the area.
Pitsmoor
Pitsmoor () is a former village, now a suburb of Sheffield.
Shirecliffe
Shirecliffe () is a suburb of Sheffield, lying west of Grimesthorpe. Its name comes from "scir-cliffe", a bright, steep hillside. In the mediaeval period, the area was owned by the De Mounteney family, who had a seat at Shirecliffe Hall, demolished in the early nineteenth century. In 1676, the hall was home to a congregationalist church, founded by the curates of James Fisher, who had been ejected as Vicar of Sheffield.
Demographics
This district of Sheffield is home to a large percentage of Sheffield's ethnic minority population as these statistics from the 2001 census show:
White: 58.5%
(White British: 55.8%)
Black British: 12.3%
(Black Caribbean: 6.3%)
(Black African: 5.2%)
British Asian: 22.9%
(Indian: 0.8%)
(Pakistani: 18.8%)
(Bangladeshi: 0.6%)
British Chinese & other: 1.6%
(Chinese: 0.2%)
Multiracial: 4.7%
According to the 2011 census:
White: 42.5%
(White British: 38.1%)
Black British: 14.0%
(Black African: 7.9%)
(Black Caribbean: 3.6%)
Asian British: 28.3%
(Indian: 1.7%)
(Pakistani: 22.8%)
(Bangladeshi: 0.6%)
(Chinese: 0.5%)
Mixed: 4.7%
Other: 10.4%
(Arab: 7.8%)
Burngreave Messenger
The Burngreave Messenger is a community newspaper based in Burngreave.
It is published eight times a year and is distributed free to all households and businesses in the area. Its print run is 9,400.
The Messenger has no single editor, but is edited by a team of paid staff and volunteers from the community. The first edition was published in July 1999, and it celebrated its fiftieth issue in April 2005. The cover of that issue is pictured (right).
The Messenger is funded by a combination of paid-for adverts, grant funding, and a small amount of donations and sponsorship. Its main funders have been Burngreave New Deal for Communities (a ten-year regeneration programme funded by the government) and the Tudor Trust Charitable Trust, as well as from the Community Media Association, Yorkshire Forward and the National Lottery.
References
External links
Category:Wards of Sheffield
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Terence Dolan
Terence Dolan (8 April 1943 – 20 April 2019) was an Irish lexicographer and radio personality. He was professor of Old and Middle English in the School of English and Drama at University College Dublin. He acted as the School's Research Co-ordinator, and was the director of the Hiberno-English Archive website. He appeared weekly on Seán Moncrieff's radio show (Mondays) on Newstalk 106. Podcasts of his appearances are available from Newstalk's website.
Life
Dolan was born in London of Irish parents, both of whom hailed from County Cavan. He was formerly a Hastings Senior Scholar of The Queen's College, Oxford. He was twice the National Endowment for the Humanities Distinguished Visiting Professor of the Humanities, University of Richmond, Virginia (in 1986 and 1992). He was a director of the international James Joyce summer school, Dublin. He is perhaps best known for his Dictionary of Hiberno-English which gives a comprehensive account of the English language as it is spoken in Ireland.
Illness and death
Dolan suffered a stroke in February 2008, and began a period of recuperation. He left Tallaght Hospital on 15 December 2008. He talked to Seán Moncrieff's about this experience, and also about the origins of medical words and about writing a book about the first hand experience of having a stroke and the recovery. He died on 20 April 2019.
Research interests
Dolan performed research in medieval English literature, Hiberno-English, lexicography, and James Joyce.
Selected publications
Dolan, T. P., 1998. A Dictionary of Hiberno-English: The Irish Use of English. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1999 (paperback).
Dolan, T. P., 2004. 'Is the Best English Spoken in Lower Drumcondra?', in A New & Complex Sensation: Essays on Joyce's Dubliners (ed.) Oona Frawley, 1–9, Dublin: Lilliput Press.
Dolan, T.P., The Compilation of A Dictionary of Hiberno-English Reviewed: Proceedings of the 2002 Symposium on Lexicography, University of Copenhagen.
Dolan, T. P., 2003. 'The English Language in an Irish Context' in Millennium Essays (ed. Michaeil Cronin).
Dolan, T. P., 2002. ‘Language Policy in the Republic of Ireland’ in Language Planning and Education (eds. J. M. Kirk & D. P. Ó Baoill) Belfast 144–156.
Dolan, T. P., 2002. ‘Devolution and Cultural Policy: A View from the Republic of Ireland’, in Ireland (Ulster) Scotland: Concepts, Contexts, Comparisons (eds. E. Longley, E. Hughes, & D. O’Rawe) Belfast, 50–53.
Dolan, T. P., 2003, 'The Theft of Joyce', James Joyce Bloomsday Magazine 33–35.
Dolan, T. P., 1999. 'Writing in Ireland', in The Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature (ed. David Wallace). Cambridge University Press, 208–228.
Dolan, T. P. (ed.). 1990. 'The English of the Irish'. Special Issue: The Irish University Review, vol. 20, no. 1.
Dolan T. P. & Diarmuid O Muirthile, 1996. The Dialect of Forth and Bargy, Co. Wexford, Ireland. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
Dolan, T. P., 1991. 'Language in Ulysses' in Studies on Joyce's Ulysses. Jacqueline Genet—Elisabeth Hellegouarc'h (eds.). 131–142. Caen: G.D.R. d'Etudes anglo-irlandaises, Université de Caen.
Dolan, T. P., 1990. 'The Language of Dubliners' in James Joyce: The Artist and the Labyrinth. Augustine Martin (ed.), 25–40. London: Ryan Publishing.
Dolan, T. P., 1985. 'Sean O'Casey's Use of Hiberno-English' in Irland: Gesellschaft und Kultur IV. D. Siegmund-Schultze (ed.). 108–115. Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther Universität.
Dolan, T. P., 1991. 'The Literature of Norman Ireland' in The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing. Seamus Deane (ed.), vol. 1, Derry: Field Day Publications.
Dolan T. P., 1994. 'Samuel Beckett's Dramatic Use of Hiberno-English', Irish University Review, 14, 45–56.
Radio appearances
2002–Presenter, RTÉ Radio Series: 'Talking Proper: The English of the Irish'.
2002 – Contributor, RTÉ Radio Series, 'The Odd Word'.
2002 – 'Hiberno-English Lexicography', University of Joensuu, Finland.
2002 – 'Hiberno-English in Translation', University of São Paulo, Brazil.
2002 – 'The Compilation of A Dictionary of Hiberno-English Reviewed' University of Copenhagen.
2002 – 'Hiberno-English in the Context of Globalisation and Immigration', Ross Institute, East Hampton, New York.
2002 – 'Language Policy in the Republic of Ireland', Queen's University, Belfast.
1999 – 'Dictionary Joyce: Joyce and Lexicography', James Joyce Centre, Dublin.
1998 – 'The Compilation of a Dictionary of Hiberno-English', University of Potsdam.
1996 – For the Translation Service of the European Commission, in Brussels and Luxembourg. 'Why and How the Irish Speak English' ( to mark Ireland's Presidency of the European Commission ).
1992 – 'English and Irish in Competition', Jefferson Smurfit Fellowship Lecture, University of Missouri-Rolla.
References
Category:Irish scholars and academics
Category:James Joyce scholars
Category:20th-century Irish people
Category:21st-century Irish people
Category:Academics from London
Category:People from County Cavan
Category:British people of Irish descent
Category:Irish lexicographers
Category:1943 births
Category:2019 deaths
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Watson Forbes
Watson Douglas Buchanan Forbes (16 November 1909 in St Andrews – 25 June 1997 in Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire) was a Scottish violist and classical music arranger. From 1964 to 1974 he was Head of Music for BBC Scotland.
Early life
Watson Forbes was born in St Andrews, where his parents kept a jewellers shop.
He first learnt the violin from his father, who was a Scottish country fiddler. Showing promise, at the age of 16 he was sent to the Royal Academy of Music in London, where he studied violin and viola. He gradually specialised on the viola, for both musical and pragmatic reasons.
In 1930, he went to Pisek in Czechoslovakia to study with Otakar Ševčík, whose intricate system of exercises revolutionised string playing; he felt he had benefited enormously from this period: "Sevcik taught me how to practise and how to tackle difficult passages." Following this concentration on technique, Forbes had lessons from Albert Sammons. "He was marvellous. He taught me how to perform - how to put music across to an audience."
Career
The invitation to join the Stratton Quartet set the direction of his career. The Stratton was Elgar's preferred quartet, and their recordings in 1933, of his String Quartet and Piano Quintet were the music he chose to listen to on his deathbed. Forbes remained with the Stratton for the rest of its existence as such.
At the start of the Second World War, Forbes was joint leader of the London Symphony Orchestra, but from 1940 onwards he joined the RAF Symphony Orchestra which contained a number of small groups of chamber music players. He toured the UK in a piano quintet which included Denis Matthews, Frederick Grinke and James Whitehead. He also made many appearances in Myra Hess's concerts at the National Gallery.
After the war he continued with the Stratton quartet, but now, following the departure of George Stratton, renamed the Aeolian Quartet. He also played with other groups, and as a soloist. In 1954 he became professor of viola and chamber music at the Royal Academy of Music in London. In his recitals, he often played on the
rare Stradivarius Archinto viola (1696) owned by the Royal Academy.
In 1964 Forbes moved to Glasgow to take up the post of Head of Music for BBC Scotland. There he safeguarded and expanded the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra, then under threat, and fostered the Scottish musical culture of the day (including traditional Scottish music, with a fiddle competition in Perth at which Yehudi Menuhin was chief adjudicator).
Throughout his working life, but especially in retirement he worked on one of his most enduring legacies as a musician, namely an extensive series of arrangements to expand the viola repertoire, and a series of educational collections for other instruments.
In 1970 he was made an honorary Doctor of Music by the University of Glasgow and in 1972 was awarded the Cobbett Memorial Prize for services to chamber music.
Personal life
In 1937 Forbes married Mary Hunt (died 1997). They had two sons, Sebastian, who became a composer and Rupert, who became a singer. The marriage was dissolved, and secondly he married Jean Beckwith.
References
Category:Scottish classical violists
Category:1909 births
Category:1997 deaths
Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music
Category:People from St Andrews
Category:20th-century classical musicians
Category:20th-century Scottish musicians
Category:Royal Air Force airmen
Category:Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
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Princess Anne Wildlife Management Area
Princess Anne Wildlife Management Area is a Wildlife Management Area (WMA) in Virginia Beach, Virginia. The area comprises four tracts; the Beasely, Trojan, and Whitehurst tracts are located on the western shore of Back Bay, separated from the Atlantic Ocean by False Cape, while the Pocahontas Tract, consisting of a number of marshy islands, is at the south end of the bay. A variety of natural communities may be found on all tracts, and water levels are manipulated to help promote the growth of food for waterfowl that migrate and overwinter in the area.
Princess Anne WMA is owned and maintained by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. The area is open to the public for regulated hunting, with a focus on waterfowl hunting; a cooperative agreement also allows access to False Cape State Park for waterfowl and deer hunting. Fishing, hiking, horseback riding, boating, and primitive camping are also permitted within the area. Access for persons 17 years of age or older requires a valid hunting or fishing permit, a current Virginia boat registration, or a WMA access permit.
See also
List of Virginia Wildlife Management Areas
References
External links
Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries: Princess Anne Wildlife Management Area
Category:Wildlife Management Areas of Virginia
Category:Protected areas of Powhatan County, Virginia
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Selective placement
In adoption studies, selective placement refers to the practice by which adoption agencies tend to deliberately match certain characteristics of an adopted child's adopted parents with those of his or her biological parents. When this occurs, it results in a correlation between environments between biological relatives raised in different homes. It has the potential to bias the conclusions of such studies, because twins who were reared in separate environments may in fact have been reared in much more similar environments than assumed. This can result in an inflated estimate of heritability. There is evidence that selective placement was a major confound in many early studies of twins reared apart. Some adoption studies report little or no evidence of selective placement. For example, a 1979 study by Ho et al. reported a generally low level of selective placement in adopted children for either physical or behavioral traits. The authors concluded that to the extent that selective placement occurred for such traits, "our data suggest that it is based largely on characteristics of the birth father," rather than those of the adoptee. Carey (2003) concluded that selective placement was "moderate" for physical characteristics and typically "small or nonexistent" for behavioral characteristics.
References
Category:Adoption
Category:Behavioural genetics
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All Pakistan Newspapers Society
All Pakistan Newspapers Society (APNS) is an organization of major Pakistani newspapers - their publishers, companies and corporations including Jang Group of Newspapers, Dawn Group of Newspapers and Nawa-i-Waqt Group of Newspapers.
History
First another older organization called Pakistan Newspapers Society was established in 1950 in Pakistan. Later, All Pakistan Newspapers Society was established in 1953 and was headed by Hameed Nizami, Mir Khalil-ur-Rahman, Mian Iftikharuddin, Fakhre Matri, Hamid Mahmood, Yusuf Haroon, Mahmood A. Haroon, A.G. Mirza, Kazi Mohammad Akber, Munawwar Hidayet Ullah, K. M. Hamid Ullah, Anwarul Islam of the newspaper Pakistan Observer, Dacca, Syed Hameed Hussain Naqvi and Tanvir Tahir.
The older organization, Pakistan Newspapers Society was established primarily due to the efforts of Hameed Nizami, Altaf Husain, and Hamid Mahmood. It functioned for a number of years but could not receive much support or recognition either from the publishers or the advertising agencies. Other smaller publishers' organizations also functioned, at the same time, in East Pakistan and Karachi.
In the year 1953, All Pakistan Newspapers Society was formed by merging the smaller existing groups of publishers. The headquarters were established in Karachi, from where it still continues to operate in 2018.
The APNS handles problems between its member publications and the provincial or federal governments relating to advertisements, clearance of dues, taxes and duties and newsprint. It sets rules of conduct for member publications and advertising agencies. This gives the Society a mechanism of streamlining advertisements and a clearance system protecting the collective interests of its member publications, advertising agencies, and advertisers.
The Society also works to develop the science and art of journalism and newspaper industry. In 1981, the APNS instituted advertising awards in various categories. Subsequently, the Journalist Awards were launched in 1982. The awards ceremonies have been held regularly since 1981.
The APNS grew to include publications from small towns and newspapers in regional languages. Between 1971 and 2003, the number of member publications in the Society rose from 41 to 262. Along with organizations of editors and journalists, the Society worked against the Press and Publications Ordinance passed by Ayub Khan in 1960 until it was finally repealed in 1988. In 1999, the APNS prepared a set of press laws including the Draft for the formation of Press Council in Pakistan, Registration of Printing Presses, Newspapers Ordinance and a draft for a Freedom of Information Act. After thorough discussions among the All Pakistan Newspapers Society (APNS) people, Council of Pakistan Newspaper Editors (CPNE) and the Ministry of Information, Government of Pakistan, the drafts on the Press Council and the Registration of Presses and Newspapers were finalized and enacted in 2002.
After 2002, the member publications are trying to adopt modern techniques, facilities, and trained manpower in all fields.
In 2018, All Pakistan Newspapers Society (APNS) asked the Supreme Court of Pakistan to consider Pakistani print media's problems. This action was prompted by the recently expressed fear in the country and reports circulating in the news media that government advertisements in the print media might be stopped or limited. APNS pointed out that the print media in Pakistan, especially the small newspapers, significantly depend on the revenue that comes from these government advertisements.
Awards of the APNS
The Advertising Awards were initiated in 1981, with Journalist Awards following in 1982. Advertising Awards are given on a 1st position, 2nd position, 3rd position basis and include:
Business Performance Awards
Client Performance Awards
Product Launch Award
Best Copy Award (English and Urdu)
Best Visual Design (colour and black and white)
Public Service Campaign
Lifetime Achievement Award
The Journalist Awards have only one winner in each category. The categories include:
Best Scoop
Best Column
Best Feature (in English, Urdu and Regional languages)
Best Investigative Report
Best Cartoon
Best Photograph
Best Article (in English, Urdu and Regional languages)
Recent APNS elections
At an annual meeting of its General Council, All Pakistan Newspapers Society (APNS) unanimously elected its President and its Secretary General for 2018-19. This annual meeting was attended by 169 members from across Pakistan.
The following are elected:
2018-2019
Hameed Haroon, President (2018–19)
Sarmad Ali, Secretary General (2018–19)
2015-2016
Hameed Haroon, President (2015–16)
Rameeza Majid Nizami, Senior Vice-President
Mumtaz A. Tahir, Vice-President
Sarmad Ali, Secretary General
References
External links
Official website of All Pakistan Newspapers Society
Category:1953 establishments in Pakistan
*All Pakistan Newspapers Society
Category:Newspaper associations
Category:Organisations based in Karachi
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Dafydd ap Llywelyn
Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c. March 1212 – 25 February 1246) was Prince of Gwynedd from 1240 to 1246. He was the first ruler to claim the title Prince of Wales.
Birth and descent
Though birth years of 1208, 1206, and 1215 have been put forward for Dafydd, it has recently been persuasively argued that he was born shortly after Easter 1212. Born at Castell Hen Blas, Coleshill, Bagillt in Flintshire, he was the only son of Llywelyn the Great by his wife, Joan (daughter of King John). His grandfather was facing trouble in England against his Barons when he was born. In his final years, Llywelyn went to great lengths to have Dafydd accepted as his sole heir. By Welsh law, Dafydd's older half-brother Gruffydd had a claim to be Llywelyn's successor. Llywelyn had Dafydd recognised as his named heir by his uncle King Henry III in 1220, and also had Dafydd's mother Joan declared legitimate by the Pope to strengthen Dafydd's claim.
Conflict
There was considerable support for Gruffydd in Gwynedd. Although Dafydd lost one of his most important supporters when his mother died in 1237, he retained the support of Ednyfed Fychan, the Seneschal of Gwynedd who wielded great political influence. Llywelyn suffered a paralytic stroke in 1237, and Dafydd took an increasing role in government. Dafydd ruled Gwynedd following his father's death in 1240.
Although Henry III had accepted his claim to rule Gwynedd, he was not disposed to allow him to retain his father's conquests outside Gwynedd. As the diplomatic situation deteriorated, Dafydd began to explore alliances with others against Henry, and is known to have sent ambassadors to the court of Louis IX of France. In August 1241, however, the King invaded Gwynedd, and after a short campaign, Dafydd was forced to submit. Under the terms of the Treaty of Gwerneigron, he had to give up all his lands outside Gwynedd, and also to hand over to the King his half-brother Gruffydd, whom he had imprisoned. Henry thereby gained what could have been a useful weapon against Dafydd, with the possibility of setting Gruffydd up as a rival to Dafydd in Gwynedd, but in March 1244 Gruffydd fell to his death while trying to escape from the Tower of London by climbing down a knotted sheet.
Later reign and death
This freed Dafydd's hands, and he entered into an alliance with other Welsh princes to attack English possessions in Wales. He enjoyed several successes in the north: by March 1245 he had recovered the castle of Mold along with his former possessions in modern-day Flintshire, and it is possible that the castle of Dyserth also fell to his men in the summer. In August 1245 King Henry again invaded Gwynedd, but his army suffered a defeat in a narrow pass by Dafydd's men. Undaunted, Henry proceeded as far as the river Conwy, and began building a new castle at Deganwy.
Dafydd also began diplomacy with Pope Innocent IV, the result of which was a recognition by the Vatican of his right to rule over north Wales. After a flurry of diplomatic activity by Henry, the decision was reversed in 1245. Savage fighting continued at Deganwy until Henry, some of whose supplies had been captured by the Welsh, ran short of provisions. A truce was agreed and Henry's army withdrew in the autumn. The truce remained in effect throughout the winter, but the war was effectively ended by the sudden death of Dafydd in the royal home at Abergwyngregyn, in February 1246. He was buried with his father at the abbey of Aberconwy. The writer of Brut y Tywysogyon described him as tarian Cymru - the shield of Wales. The poet Dafydd Benfras composed an elegy in his honour.
Succession
Since Dafydd's marriage to Isabella de Braose, daughter of William de Braose, had failed to produce an heir (though some early modern genealogists record him as having sired sons, including Dafydd) the two elder sons of Gruffydd, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and Owain ap Gruffydd, divided Gwynedd between them and continued the war with King Henry until April 1247, when Llywelyn and Owain met the King at Woodstock and came to terms with him at the cost of the loss of much territory. The pair would continue to rule over Gwynedd jointly until Llywelyn's victory over Owain at the battle of Bryn Derwin in 1255.
References
Cussans, Thomas, The Times Kings & Queens of The British Isles, .
Edwards, J. G. (ed.), Calendar of Ancient Correspondence concerning Wales (Cardiff, 1935).
Stephenson, David and Craig Owen Jones, 'The date and the context of the birth of Dafydd ap Llywelyn', Flintshire Historical Society Journal 39 (2012).
Category:1212 births
Category:1246 deaths
Category:Monarchs of Gwynedd
Category:Burials at Aberconwy Abbey
Category:13th-century Welsh monarchs
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Amira Elmissiry
Amira Elmissiry, is a lawyer who works as the Chief Equity and Chief Catalytic Investment Officer, in the Private Sector Operations Division at the African Development Bank, based in Abidjan, in the Ivory Coast. She previously advised Donald Kaberuka, the former President of the bank.
Background and education
Amira was admitted to Cardiff University in 2000 to study law. She graduated with a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree in 2004. Between 2004 and 2006, she studied at the Inns of Court School of Law (today, City Law School), where she attended the Bar Professional Training Course, and was called to the Bar in the United Kingdom in 2006. She continued her education at the City Law School, graduating in 2009 with a Master of Laws (LLM) degree in 2009, specializing in Restorative justice. In 2016 she enrolled in the African Leadership University, where she graduated with a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree, in 2018.
Work experience
For a period of two years, from September 2005 until September 2007, she worked as the Programme Manager and Principal Researcher at a Non-governmental organization called Initiatives of Change International, where her work took her between London and Geneva. She also worked as a Project Manager and Human Rights Lecturer at the University of the Witwatersrand, as part of a project funded by the German Technical Cooperation and the Southern African Development Community called Drama for Life, from January 2007 until May 2008.
In August 2009, she was hired by the African Development Bank, in Tunis, Tunisia, as a young professional working with the Office of the Secretary General as Assistant to the Secretary General, until August 2010. She then was appointed as an Investment Officer in the Private Sector and Microfinance Operations Division of the bank, helping to establish the private equity practice of the Bank. She was then promoted to Senior Legal Counsel in private sector operations, serving in that capacity for nearly three years, until April 2014.
In April 2014 Elmissiry was transferred to Abidjan, Ivory Coast, and was appointed as a Special Assistant to the President of the African Development Bank, a position she occupied for nearly two years, until February 2016. In 2016, she was promoted to Chief Equity and Catalytic Investment Officer, Private Sector Operations at the bank. She occupies that position as of November 2016.
Other considerations
In 2014, Amira Elmissiry was named among "The 20 Youngest Power Women In Africa 2014", by Forbes Magazine
For four consecutive years, from 2015 until 2018, Amira Elmissiry was named by Choiseul 100 Africa as one of the Top 100 Economic Leaders of Africa. In 2017, she was named one of the 100 Global Most Influential People of African Descent Under 40 (MIPAD).
See also
Adiat Disu
Ada Osakwe
Susan Oguya
Hanan Morsy
References
External links
Website of the African Development Bank
Category:1982 births
Category:Zimbabwean lawyers
Category:Zimbabwean women lawyers
Category:Alumni of Cardiff University
Category:Alumni of the Inns of Court School of Law
Category:African Leadership University alumni
Category:Living people
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Erling Fredriksfryd
Erling Fredriksfryd (7 February 1905 – 17 January 1977) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.
He was born in Idd.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from the Market towns of Østfold and Akershus in 1945, and was re-elected on four occasions.
Fredriksfryd was also involved in local politics in Halden city.
References
Category:1905 births
Category:1977 deaths
Category:Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
Category:Members of the Storting
Category:20th-century Norwegian politicians
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PM2FAP
PM2FAP (90.4 FM), on-air name 90.4 Cosmopolitan FM, is a radio station in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is under license of Cosmopolitan magazine, also the only station in the world that uses Cosmopolitan magazine name.
References
Category:Radio stations in Indonesia
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RNA Helicase A
ATP-dependent RNA helicase A (RHA; also known as DHX9, LKP, and NDHI) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DHX9 gene.
Function
DEAD/DEAH box helicases are proteins, and are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein with RNA helicase activity. It may participate in melting of DNA:RNA hybrids, such as those that occur during transcription, and may play a role in X-linked gene expression. It contains 2 copies of a double-stranded RNA-binding domain, a DEXH core domain and an RGG box. The RNA-binding domains and RGG box influence and regulate RNA helicase activity.The DHX9 gene is located on the long arm q of chromosome 1.
Interactions
DHX9 has been shown to interact with:
AKAP8L,
BRCA1,
DDX17 (p72)
DDX5 (p68),
KHDRBS1,
MIZF,
NXF1,
PRMT1,
RELA, and
SMN1.
References
Further reading
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Minor Calvo
Minor de Jesus Calvo is a Catholic priest and radio personality born in Costa Rica, convicted of fraud and accused of murder in 2007.
His works
Father Minor jumped into the public eye as a charismatic leader in the Catholic Church in Costa Rica, he was able to gather many people in the Paso Ancho church.
Tv program
He then got his own TV show, that lasted about 3 minutes, and in which he read a Bible passage and analyzed by applying it to everyday life. This program gave popularity to the father, who soon moved to the radio.
Radio program
Radio Maria de Guadalupe was founded with the help of many entrepreneurs, but also monetary contributions collected in donation campaigns organized by the station, through various events, from social, to even people that were made to the radio to deposit their donations.
The station Radio Maria de Guadalupe collected approximately ¢ 1,000,000 (about $2,500 of that time) daily, which is a record in Costa Rican radio, second only to programs (television, radio because no one has these figures) created specifically to raise money, such as Chain Telethon or Mayor.
Controversy
However, criticism from a satirical radio comedy program, called La Patada (The Kick) conducted by a Colombian named Parmenio Medina (assassinated in 2001), created friction between the two programs, as la patada accused the Radio Maria de Guadalupe of alleged embezzlement, The kick was characterized by a cutting sarcastic humor, and their jokes used to be topics about corruption, football, politics, and now, "Radio Maria de Guadalupe".
This version was supported by some former employees of the radio, but was denied by the father, despite weighing evidence against him:
Members of his family and friends made frequent trips to the United States parent company, funded with money from non-clarified
They did not any give receipts to donors. This prevented making any accounting clear
The situation worsened when the priest was stopped in his car by police officer of Costa Rica driving on the night in La Sabana Metropolitan Park (which is not a road crossing zone, and that for the most part, has no lighting at night) accompanied by a minor. While the father wasn't caught committing a crime, the situation was taken by many as reprehensible, or at least suspect. The father testified that he was teaching the child how to drive.
Closing Radio Maria de Guadalupe
Due to the highly controversial situation, Monsignor Román Arrieta Villalobos (who would die two years later), the highest Catholic authority in Costa Rica, decided to terminate the operations of the radio. Several groups demonstrated against the closure, as were certain groups of taxi drivers and other followers of the radio. But the decision was taken and held.
Today, the frequency is used by the radio station "La Paz del Dial" and remains of a religious theme.
The murder of Parmenio
On July 7, 2001, Parmenio Medina was shot dead at the entrance of his home. This crime was perpetrated by hired killers, who fled the scene quickly, police said in a gray Hyundai.
The suspicions relating Calvo to the crime were confirmed when he was arrested on charges of masterminding the crime, along with businessman Omar Chávez.
Parmenio Medina's murder was heavily covered and discussed in Costa Rica. Partly this was because of the direct involvement of a notorious Catholic priest in a country with a heavy Roman Catholic majority. It was also the first murder of a journalist in Costa Rica, and thus a direct challenge to the country's freedom of expression.
Some figures of the trial
9 volumes of court records (one for each suspect)
91 cassettes, product of wiretaps
145 witnesses (some of which were attempts to coerce, attempt by one or more individuals, to modify a testimony that otherwise would be incriminating to these individuals)
803 documents of the Public Ministry (prosecutor of the state court) arguing the criminal case against the accused
On December 18, 2007, father Minor was sentenced to 15 years in prison for fraud in relation to the Catholic station Radio Maria de Guadalupe, but was acquitted of involvement in the murder of Parmenio Medina. Moreover, Omar Chavez was sentenced to 35 years in prison for the murder of Medina and 12 for fraud in relation to Radio Maria de Guadalupe, while another defendant was sentenced to 30 years for murder. In total, the 9 accused, 6 were acquitted and 3 convicted, which had generated much controversy in the country.
References
Category:Costa Rican Roman Catholic priests
Category:Crime in Costa Rica
Category:Costa Rican criminals
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Athletics at the 2005 Summer Universiade – Men's shot put
The men's shot put event at the 2005 Summer Universiade was held on 20 August in Izmir, Turkey.
Results
References
Finals results
Full results
Category:Athletics at the 2005 Summer Universiade
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Dick Howard (athlete)
Dick Howard (Richard Wayne Howard, August 22, 1935 – November 9, 1967) was an American athlete who competed mainly in the 400 metre hurdles.
He competed for the United States in the 1960 Summer Olympics held in Rome, Italy, where he won the bronze medal in the 400 metre hurdles. Running for the University of New Mexico, he was the 1959 NCAA Champion at 440 yard hurdles, the first time the event was held.
Howard died of a heroin overdose in 1967.
References
Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Track and Field (Men): 400-Meter Hurdles". In The Complete Book of the Olympics - 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. p. 163.
External links
Category:1935 births
Category:1967 deaths
Category:American male hurdlers
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Category:Deaths by heroin overdose in the United States
Category:Olympic track and field athletes of the United States
Category:Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in track and field
Category:Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Category:Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Category:Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1959 Pan American Games
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Wiesbaden Swing
Wiesbaden Swing is a script typeface, created by the German communication designer Rosemarie Kloos-Rau. Since the 1992 release by Linotype, several character sets have been published, including dingbats.
History
Rosemarie Kloos-Rau is a calligrapher and typographer and was awarded in 1983 with the Rudo Spemann award. Until the 1990s, she worked as an illustrator and published together with Michael Rau the book Script Types in 1993. In 1992, she published the typeface Wiesbaden Swing for Linotype, named after Wiesbaden, the German regional capital of Hesse, where Kloos-Rau lives in the suburb of Biebrich. In 1997, Alexei Chekulayev created a version with cyrillic characters, and in 1999 a bold font style was published. Also, Dingbats are available.
In 2010, the graphical prototype of the typeface was incorporated into the Berlin Collection on Calligraphy in the archive of Academy of Arts, Berlin.
Style
Following the German DIN standard 16518, Wiesbaden Swing is considered a script typeface or handwritten roman type. The typeface is rounded, but the characters are not connected. The author states that the typeface allows for a "fresh and unconventional" handling of the typography.
Usage
The typeface is used for headlines, slogans and mark designations, and as a celebration font, for example on greeting cards. It is frequently used in the food sector, examples are Maggi soup tureen, Lieken Weberli, Zentis jam, Alnatura tea und coffee, Duplo of Kinder Chocolate and Milka. The typeface is advertised as one of the "famous Linotype fonts from the last decade".
References
Category:Culture in Wiesbaden
Category:Script typefaces
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2016 World Masters Athletics Championships
The twenty-second World Masters Athletics Championships were held in Perth Australia, from October 26–November 6, 2016. This was the first even year of the biennial championship as beginning in 2016, the championships moved to be held in even numbered years. The World Masters Athletics Championships serve the division of the sport of athletics for people over 35 years of age, referred to as Masters athletics.
A full range of track and field events were held, along with a cross country race and a marathon.
Women
Men
References
Complete results
World Masters Athletics Championships
World Masters Athletics Championships
Category:International athletics competitions hosted by Australia
Category:World Masters Athletics Championships
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Micky Colton
Major Micky Colton is a retired female Canadian military pilot. She joined the military in August 1980, just a few weeks after the Canadian military first started accepting female civilian recruits in their pilot program. Having received her pilot's wings in 1982, she has spent most of her time in the military as a Search And Rescue (SAR) Pilot, operating the CC130 Hercules aircraft. In 2000, she became the first female pilot to log 5000 hours on the Hercules, and in 2009 was honoured by being added to the 100 names to commemorate 100 years of flight in Canada gracing the side of a CF18 demonstration hornet. She retired from the military in 2011, was a reservist until 2018 coordinating SAR launches for 424 Squadron, and is now no longer serving.
Early years
Major Colton was born in Kitchener, Ontario in May 1958. As a child and teenager, she had no interest in the military and had aspirations of becoming a veterinarian. However, she developed a love of flying after cashing in coupons for free flying lessons clipped from a magazine. "My boyfriend at the time said, ‘You can’t fly, you’re a girl,’ and I thought, ‘Oh yeah? ’" (Major Colton on the topic of her free lessons). At the time, she had been working as a courier, but got the idea to join the military from a friend. She saw no reason why she would not be allowed to enter the military, and was surprised when the recruitment officer told her excitedly that she was his first ever female pilot recruit.
Working years
Major Colton moved through the officer ranks of the Canadian military, and was promoted to major in 1997. Over the years she has been posted to several Canadian military bases including St. Albert, Alberta where her daughter was born; Winnipeg, Manitoba; Greenwood, Nova Scotia and others. Her final posting was to 8 Wing Trenton in Trenton, Ontario, in 1992 where she has been ever since. She has spent the majority of her years in the military flying the Hercules in SAR missions, searching middle- and Eastern-Ontario for missing persons, boats, or aircraft. In 2003, she spent 6 months in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, working with Canadian troops deploying in and out of Afghanistan. Through her time in the military, she has been a role model for other women in the air or other armed forces, and has been a part of the Air Force Speakers Bureau, speaking to high schools and women's clubs about her experiences, since 2008.
Notable accomplishments
1980: Joins the third group of Canadian female military pilots-in-training in Canadian history.
1997: Promoted to major.
2000: Becomes the first Canadian Woman to log 5000 hours in the CC130 Hercules.
2006: Logs 6000 hours on the Hercules and has log book signed by Prime Minister Stephen Harper who she was flying to Nunavut when she reached 6000.
2009: Is named as one of the 100 Canadians who have made significant contributions to Canada's aviation history to be painted on the side of the 100 Years Of Flight commemorative CF-18 Hornet.
2011: Retires from the airforce after 32 years of service, 6,936 hours on the CC130 and over 7,100 flying hours total.
2018: Retires from the reserves.
2018: Wins the Northern Lights Aero Foundation (NLAF) Elsie Pioneer Award
Personal life
Major Colton is a wife and mother, married to Lt. Colonel (ret.) Chris Colton. She met Chris in 1982 as he was her first flying instructor when she first started pilot training. They married in 1989, and had their first and only child, a daughter, in 1990.
Colton is an active dressage rider, and rides and trains her bay International Sport Horse, Han Solo, in Silver (provincial) level dressage.
References
Category:1958 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Kitchener, Ontario
Category:Royal Canadian Air Force officers
Category:Canadian female military personnel
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
The French Roman Catholic diocese of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne (San Giovanni di Moriana in Italian) has since 1966 been effectively suppressed, formally united with the archdiocese of Chambéry. While it has not been suppressed, and is supposed to be on a par with Chambéry and the diocese of Tarentaise, it no longer has a separate bishop or existence.
History
Saint Gregory of Tours's "De Gloria Martyrum" relates how the church of Maurienne, belonging then to the Diocese of Turin, became a place of pilgrimage, after the holy woman Thigris or Thecla, a native of Valloires, had brought to it as sacred relic from the East a finger of St. John the Baptist. Saint Guntram, King of Burgundy, took from the Lombards in 574 the valleys of Maurienne and Suse (Susa Valley, or Val de Suse), and in 576 founded near the shrine a bishopric, detached from the then Diocese of Turin (in Piedmont, northern Italy), as suffragan of the Archdiocese of Vienne, also comprising the Briançonnais. Its first bishop was Felmasius, known from a document on the Baptist relic's first miracle. In 599 Pope Gregory the Great failed to make the Merovingian Queen Brunhilda of Austrasia ('Brunehaut') oblige the protests of the Bishop of Turin against this foundation.
Pope Leo III (795-816) made Darantasia (Tarantaise, Loire) a Metropolitan archbishopric with three suffragans, Aosta, Sion (=Sitten), and Maurienne, but maintained the Ancient primatial status of Vienne. A letter written by John VIII in 878 formally designated the Bishop of Maurienne as suffragan of Tarentaise, but for four centuries this supremacy was the cause of conflicts between the archbishops of Tarentaise and the Metropolitans of Vienna who continued to claim Maurienne as a suffragan see; subsequently under Callistus II (1120) Maurienne was again attached to the metropolis of Vienne.
As its first see, a cathedral of John the Baptist was built in the 6th century, destroyed by invading Saracens in 943 and rebuilt in the 11th century.
After the Saracens had been driven out, the temporal sovereignty of the Bishop of Maurienne appears to have been very extensive, but there is no proof that such sovereignty had been recognized since Gontran's time.
At the death in 1032 of Rudolph III of Burgundy, the last ruler of the Kingdom of Arles, Bishop Thibaut was powerful enough to join a league against Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II of Franconia. In 1033 the city was destroyed by imperial troops and the bishopric lost part of its territory (the Susa valley) to the diocese of Turin, which was promised all. In 1038 the emperor suppressed the see of Maurienne altogether, giving over its title and possessions to the Bishops of Turin, but this imperial decree was never executed and at the death of Torino's bishop Guido in 1044, bishop Thibaud was fully reinstated at Maurienne.
Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, took solemn possession of a canonry in the cathedral of Maurienne in 1564.
On 1801.11.29 the bishopric was suppressed, its territory being merged into the then Diocese of Chambéry.
On 1825.08.07 it was restored as Diocese of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne / Maurianen(sis) (Latin), on territory restituted from the now Metropolitan Archdiocese of Chambéry
In 1947 it gained territory from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Torino
On 1966.04.26 it was suppressed as a see, its title and territory being merged into the accordingly renamed Metropolitan Archdiocese of Chambéry–Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne–Tarentaise.
Devotion
Among the saints specially honoured in, or connected with, the diocese are: Saint Aper (Saint Avre), a priest who founded a refuge for pilgrims and the poor in the Village of St. Avre (seventh century); Blessed Thomas, b. at Maurienne, d. in 720, famous for rebuilding the Abbey of Farfa, of which the third abbot, Lucerius, was also a native of Maurienne; St. Marinus, monk of Chandor, martyred by the Saracens (eighth century); St. Landry, pastor of Lanslevillard (eleventh century), drowned in the Arc during one of his apostolic journeys; St. Bénézet, or Benoit de Pont (1165–84), b. at Hermillon in the diocese, and founder of the guild of Fratres Pontifices of Avignon; Blessed Cabert or Gabert, disciple of St. Dominic, who preached the Gospel for twenty years in the vicinity of AiguebelIe (thirteenth century).
The chief shrines of the diocese were:
Notre Dame de Bonne Nouvelle, near St-Jean-de-Maurienne, which dates from the sixteenth century
Notre Dame de Charmaise, near Modane
Notre Dame de Beaurevers at Montaimon, dating from the seventeenth century.
The Sisters of St. Joseph, a nursing and teaching order, with mother-house at St-Jean-de-Maurienne, are a branch of the Congregation of St. Joseph at Puy. At the end of the nineteenth century, they were in charge of 8 day nurseries and 2 hospitals. In Algeria, the East Indies and Argentina houses were founded, controlled by the motherhouse at Maurienne.
Episcopal ordinaries
Incomplete, several early inculebnts historically unsure
Suffragan Bishops of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
BIOs TO ELABORATE
579: Saint Felmase
581–602: Saint Æconius (Hiconius)
650: Leporius
725: Walchinus
c. 736 to 738: Saint Emilian(us) of Cogolla, martyred by the Saracens (736 or 738)
773: Vitgarius
837: Mainard
855: Joseph
858: Abbo
876: Adalbert
899: Wilhelm I.
c. 915 Benedict
916–926: Saint Odilard or Edolard, slain by the Saracens (916) together with St. Benedict, Archbishop of Embrun
994–1025: Evrard
c. 1032–1060: Thibaud
1060–1073: Brochard
1075–1081: Artaud
1081–1116: Conon
1116–1124: Amédée de Faucigny
1124–1132: Conon II.
1132–1134: St. Ayroldus = Airald, Ayrald I. or Ayrold, once a monk of the
1134–1146: Ayrald II.
1146–1158: Bernard I.
1158: Ayrald III.
1162–1176: Guillaume II.
1177: Peter
1177–1198: Lambert
1198–1200: Allevard
1200–1211: Bernard II.
1215 Amadeus of Genf
1215–1221 Ean
1221–1236 Aimar de Bernin
1236–1256: Amadeus of Savoyen († 1268), son of Thomas I of Savoy
1256–1261: Pierre de Morestel
1261–1269: Anselm I. de Clermont († 1269)
1269–1273: Pierre de Guelis
1273–1301: Aymon I. de Miolans
1302: Ayrald IV.
1302–1308: Amblard d’Entremont (de Beaumont)
1308–1334: Aymon II. de Miolans d’Hurtières
1335–1349: Anselme II. de Clermont († 1349)
1349–1376: Amadeus of Savoyen-Achaia (also Bishop of Maurienne and Lausanne)
1376–1380: Jean Malabaila
1380–1385: Henry de Severy
1385–1410: Savin de Floran
1410–1422: Amédée de Montmayeur
1422–1432: Aimon Gerbais
1433–1441: Oger Moriset
1441–1450?51: Cardinal Louis de La Pallud de Varembon, who as Bishop of Lausanne had taken an active part at the Council of Basle in favour of the antipope Felix V, who named him Bishop of Maurienne in 1441 and afterwards Cardinal, confirmed in both appointments by Pope Nicholas V in 1449
1451–1452: Cardinal Juan de Segovia = John of Segovia, who at the Council of Basle as representative of the King of Aragon had also worked for pope Felix V, was appointed by him Cardinal in 1441, and whom pope Nicholas V gave ten years later the see of Maurienne; he is the author of "Gesta Concilii Basileensis" on the council
1452–1483: Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville = William d'Estouteville (1473–80), who was made cardinal in 1439 and as a pluralist held among other titles those of Bishop of Angers, Lodève, Ostia, Porto and Archbishop of Rouen
1483–1499: Etienne de Morel (also Abbot of Ambronay (Bresse))
1499–1532: Cardinal Louis II. de Gorrevod de Challand, made cardinal in 1530
1532–1544: Louis III. de Gorrevord
1544–1559: Cardinal Jérôme Recanati Capodiferro or Testaferrata (also Bishop of Nizza)
1560–1563: Brandolesius de Trottis
1563–1567: Cardinal Ippolito II d'Este = Hippolyte d'Este (1560), made cardinal in 1538, acted as legate of Pius IV to the Council of Poissy, and built the famous Villa d'Este at Tivoli near Rome
1567–1591: Pierre de Lambert
1591–1618: Philibert François Milliet de Faverges
1618–1636: Charles Bobba
1640–1656: Paul Milliet de Challes
1656–1686: Hercule Berzzeti
1686–1736/41: François-Hyacinthe Valpergue de Masin
1741–1756: Ignace-Dominique Grisella de Rosignan
1756–1778: Cardinal Charles-Joseph Filippa = Charles Joseph Fillipa de Martiniana, made cardinal in 1778, was the first to whom Napoleon I Bonaparte, after the battle of Marengo, confided his intention of concluding a concordat with Rome
1780–1793: Charles-Joseph Compans de Brichanteau
1802–1805: René des Monstiers de Mérinville (also Bishop of Chambéry and Genf)
1805–1823: Irénée-Yves De Solle (also Bishop of Chambéry and Geneva=Genf)
1825–1840: Cardinal Alexis Billiet (also Archbishop of Chambéry), made cardinal in 1861
1840–1876: François-Marie Vibet
1876–1906: Michel Rosset
1906–1924: Adrien Alexis Fodéré
1924–1946: Auguste Grumel
1946–1954: Frédéric Duc
1954–1956: Louis Ferrand (also coadjutor archbishop of Tours)
1956–1960: Joël-André-Jean-Marie Bellec (also Bishop of Perpignan-Elne)
1961–1966: André Georges Bontemps (also Archbishop of Chambéry)
See also
List of Catholic dioceses in France
Catholic Church in France
Notes
Sources and external links
GCatholic, with Google satellite photo
Bibliography
pp. 548–549. (Use with caution; obsolete)
p. 301. (in Latin)
p. 175.
p. 219.
Jean-Barthélemy Hauréau, Gallia christiana, vol. XVI, Paris 1865, coll. 611-654
Louis Duchesne, Fastes épiscopaux de l'ancienne Gaule, vol. I, Paris 1907, pp. 239–242
Fedele Savio, Gli antichi vescovi d'Italia. Il Piemonte'', Torino 1898, pp. 221–237
Category:Former Roman Catholic dioceses in France
Category:Dioceses established in the 6th century
Category:Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
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Gymnastics at the 2013 Summer Universiade – Women's balance beam
The women's balance beam gymnastics competition at the 2013 Summer Universiade was held on July 10 at the Gymnastics Centre in Kazan.
Results
External links
2013 Summer Universiade – Artistic gymnastics
Women's balance beam
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Candid Confessions
Candid Confessions is a novel by Patrick Maher published in 2000. The story is written as a diary and it follows the life of an English teacher in Far East Asia. The book became a best seller in Japan.
Category:2000 novels
Category:Fictional diaries
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Eclipse ERP
Eclipse ERP is a real-time transaction processing accounting software used for order fulfillment, inventory control, accounting, purchasing, and sales. It was created for wholesale distributors in the Electrical, HVAC, Plumbing, and PVF industries, but is used by a wide range of market sectors. At one point this software was called Intuit Eclipse DMS, and Activant Eclipse, and Eclipse Distribution Management System.
The backend runs on a NoSQL UniVerse database from Rocket U2.
History
Before Eclipse ERP was created in 1990, distributors mainly in the North-East used SHIMS (Supply House Information Management System) that was owned by Ultimate Data Systems. Development of Eclipse ERP started in 1990 by Eclipse Inc.; the original team consisted of Clark Yennie, Michael E. London, David Berger, Steven Grundt,and Richard Montegna. In 2002, Eclipse Inc was sold in 2002 to Intuit for $88 million.
Activant bought Eclipse ERP on August 17, 2007 for $100.5 million in cash. Apax Partners merged Epicor and Activant on April 5, 2011. Thus Epicor became the owner of Eclipse ERP. Over the years Eclipse ERP was operating under numerous brands.
User interface
Client stations connect to the Eclipse server via an Eclipse terminal emulator called Eterm and/or a thick, Java based, Solar Eclipse client. Solar Eclipse was introduced in version 8.0 on May 2004, and replaced with version 9.0 in May 2015.
Key features
Usage scenarios
Typical users are distribution companies, members of trade associations, with multiple regional branches and hundreds of employees. Typically these companies employ outside salesmen who travel. Inside sales people provide support to customers over the phone or email. Distribution center personnel use Eclipse ERP as a Distribution Center Management System. They do order picking, order processing, maintain inventory in stock, and send products to customers via shipping carriers. Accounting department deals with general ledger, AP, AR, and credit control. Marketing department is responsible for online and printed promotional material. Purchasing department deals with procurement from manufacturers and vendors in the supply chain. These business processes must be adjusted to work specifically with Eclipse ERP. The cost of the software depends on the numbers of concurrent user licenses and number of companion products.
Featured packages
The software has support for multi-branch operations, integrated interface for emailing and faxing (using VsiFax), customer calling queue (troubletickets), and several add-ons are available for an employee punch-clock, RF warehousing, Digital Imaging, Proof of Delivery/Signature Capture, and others. Pricing Engine allows setting pricing for customer classes, product groups, individual products, or customers, quantity breaks. Customers can have different price classes based on volume, and/or location. Price can be set for future effective dates. Authorization Keys give flexibility with user access and security in similar way as Access Control Matrix. Warehouse in Process Status Queue shows what orders to pick for customers, what transfers to receive from other branches, or purchase orders to receive from vendors. Real-time Data and Business Summary displays the income statement and balance sheet. Sales Order Management allows receipt of payment from customers at the counter or over the phone. Mass Load is used to update information in the database. Third-party integration extend the functionality of the base product. Navigation menus are customized for unique users or whole departments. Accounting and Financial Management includes Receivables, Payables, Cash register. Inventory Management show inventory levels, precise product locations, history, ranking, and demand. Purchasing and Transfers are suggested by the system based on previous history and future demand.
Community
Epicor hosts an annual Epicor Insights conference to provide networking and training on products, including Eclipse.
Logo versions
See also
Distribution center
Distribution center management system
Enterprise integration
List of ERP software packages
Order management system
Procurement
Strategic sourcing
Supply chain management
Transportation management system
Warehouse management system
References
Category:ERP software
Category:Accounting software
Category:Supply chain management
Category:Enterprise resource planning software for Linux
Category:Kohlberg Kravis Roberts companies
Category:Business software for Linux
Category:NoSQL products
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Seika Furuhata
is a Japanese model and actress who is represented by LesPros Entertainment. She is an exclusive model for the magazines Seventeen and Nicola.
Personal
Seiya Suzuki is one of her friends.
Discography
Singles
Filmography
Drama
Films
Variety
Bibliography
Magazines
Mook
References
External links
Seventeen profile
Category:Japanese female models
Category:1996 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Tokyo
Category:21st-century Japanese actresses
Category:Japanese actresses
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Henri Sanz
Henri Sanz (born Versailles, 17 June 1963) was a French rugby union player. He played as a scrum-half.
Sanz first played for Electrogaz Toulouse, then in SC Graulhet, moving afterwards to RC Narbonne, where he would spend most of his career. He reached the post of captain and won three titles of the Cup of France, in 1988/89, 1989/90 and 1990/91. He was a runner-up twice for the title of French Champion, in 1987/88 and 1988/89.
Sanz had 11 caps for France, from 1988 to 1991, scoring 1 try and 4 points in aggregate. He played at the Five Nations in 1990 and was member of the France squad at the 1991 Rugby World Cup, but was never capped.
External links
Henri Sanz International Statistics
Category:1963 births
Category:Living people
Category:French rugby union players
Category:France international rugby union players
Category:Rugby union scrum-halves
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Ali Asgar (actor)
Ali Asgar is an Indian actor and stand-up comedian. He has appeared in many Indian TV serials and movies. Asgar appeared as Kamal Agarwal in Star Plus TV show Kahaani Ghar Ghar Ki. He also appeared in SAB TV's show F.I.R. as Inspector Raj Aryan. He is commonly known for his role in Colors TV show Comedy Nights with Kapil as Dadi and Pushpa Nani in ''The Kapil Sharma Show.
Filmography
Films
Television
Dubbing roles
Animated films
Awards
References
External links
Category:Living people
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Indian male television actors
Category:Indian stand-up comedians
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List of lakes in Hot Spring County, Arkansas
There are at least 9 named lakes and reservoirs in Hot Spring County, Arkansas.
Lakes
According to the United States Geological Survey, there are no named lakes in Hot Spring County.
Reservoirs
Clearwater Lake, , el.
Crouchwood Lake, , el.
DeGray Lake, , el.
Jones Lake, , el.
Kinzey Lake, , el.
Lake Bobbie, , el.
Lake Catherine, , el.
Lower Lake, , el.
Lucinda Lake, , el.
See also
List of lakes in Arkansas
Notes
Category:Bodies of water of Hot Spring County, Arkansas
Hot Spring
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Cedar Bog
Cedar Bog State Nature Preserve is a fen left behind by the retreating glaciers of the Wisconsin glaciation about 12,000-18,000 years ago. A protected area of about of fen remain from the original area of approximately 7,000 acres (28 km2).
Cedar Bog is located in Champaign County, Ohio, United States, near the city of Urbana. Ground water from the Mad River Valley and the Urbana Outwash percolate through hundreds of feet of gravel left behind by the glacier in the Teays River. The Teays River is an underground river that existed before the Wisconsin glacier which, before the glacier, rivaled the Ohio River in size.
In addition to the water that feeds the bog, the glacier also left behind plants that are unique to Cedar Bog. Many of these plants are rare or endangered. The sedges and other plants that grow here left behind by the last glacier were the food for mastodons and giant sloths that once roamed the earth. Also, trees found here like bog birch and northern white cedar are more commonly found in the more northern boreal forest. Cedar Bog is also the home of the endangered spotted turtle, massasauga rattlesnake, and Milbert's tortoise-shell butterfly.
Cedar Bog was purchased in 1942 by the Ohio Historical Society and was the first nature preserve purchased with state monies. In 1967, Cedar Bog was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.
References
External links
The Cedar Bog Association
Cedar Bog State Nature Preserve Ohio Department of Natural Resources
Category:Bogs of Ohio
Category:Protected areas of Champaign County, Ohio
Category:National Natural Landmarks in Ohio
Category:Ohio History Connection
Category:Nature reserves in Ohio
Category:Landforms of Champaign County, Ohio
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White-barred wrasse
The white-barred wrasse (Pseudocheilinus ocellatus), also known as the white-barred pink wrasse, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a wrasse from the family Labridae This wrasse is native to the central western Pacific Ocean from Japan to the Coral Sea. It inhabits coral reefs at depths from . This species can grow to in standard length. It can also be found, under the trade name "mystery wrasse", in the aquarium trade.
References
White-barred wrasse
Category:Fish described in 1999
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Aldjon Pashaj
Aldjon Pashaj (born 17 July 1994 in Fier, Albania) is an Albanian-Greek footballer who last played for Gamma Ethniki club Kallithea as a goalkeeper.
Club career
In summer 2013, Pashaj signed his first professional contrast with Glyfada F.C. and one year later he signed for Apollon Smyrni. On 25 January 2017 Apollon Smyrnis F.C. announced the termination of his contract with team claiming a both ways will.
External links
Apollon Smirnis Profile
footballleaguenews.gr Profile
Category:1994 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Fier
Category:Association football goalkeepers
Category:Albanian footballers
Category:A.O. Glyfada players
Category:Apollon Smyrni F.C. players
Category:Kallithea F.C. players
Category:Albanian expatriate footballers
Category:Expatriate footballers in Greece
Category:Albanian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
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NA-28 (Peshawar-II)
NA-28 (Peshawar-II) () is a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan.
Area
During the delimitation of 2018, NA-28 (Peshawar-II) acquired most of its area from NA-4 (Peshawar-IV) with a very small part acquiring from NA-1 (Peshawar-I), the areas of Peshawar which are part of this constituency are listed below alongside the former constituency name from which they were acquired:
Areas acquired from NA-1 (Peshawar-I)
Chuna Bhatti Phandoo Road
Areas acquired from NA-4 (Peshawar-IV)
Akhun Abad
Hazar Khwani
Achar Deh Bahadar
Urmar Bala
Urmar Miana
Urmar Payan
Mera Kachori
Tarnab
Chamkani
Phandu
Sori Zai Payan
Musa Zai
Deh Bahadur
Members of Parliament
1970—1977: NW-4 (Peshawar-IV)
1977—2002: NA-4 (Peshawar-IV)
2002-2018: NA-4 (Peshawar-IV)
Since 2018: NA-28 (Peshawar-II)
Election 2002
|-
A total of 2,226 votes were rejected.
Election 2008
General Elections were held on 18 February 2008.
All candidates receiving over 1,000 votes are listed here.
A total of 1,604 votes were rejected.
Election 2013
General Elections were held on 11 May 2013.
All candidates receiving over 1,000 votes are listed here.
A total of 4,707 votes were rejected.
By-election 2017
The seat fell vacant after death of PTI MNA Gulzar Khan on August 28. Total 15 candidates contested on 26 October 2017. JUI and QWP (S) withdrew their candidates in favor of Nasir Mousazai of PML-N.
Election 2018
General elections were held on 25 July 2018.
†JI contested as part of MMA
See also
NA-27 (Peshawar-I)
NA-29 (Peshawar-III)
References
External links
Election result's official website
28
28
Category:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa constituency stubs
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Nitrosopumilaceae
The Nitrosopumilaceae are a family of the Archaea order Nitrosopumilales.
References
Further reading
Scientific journals
Scientific books
Scientific databases
External links
Category:Archaea taxonomic families
Category:Crenarchaeota
Category:Candidatus taxa
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2006 Acura Classic – Doubles
Conchita Martínez and Virginia Ruano Pascual were the defending champions, but Martínez chose not to participate that year.
Ruano Pascual played alongside Paola Suárez, but lost in the quarterfinals to Cara Black and Rennae Stubbs.
Black and Stubbs reached the final where they beat Anna-Lena Grönefeld and Meghann Shaughnessy 6-2, 6-2 to win their title.
Seeds
Draws
Finals
Section 1
Section 2
References
http://www.itftennis.com/womens/tournaments/tournamentresults.asp?event=1100081404&tournament=1100014263
Acura Classic - Doubles
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Aboriginal Shire of Hope Vale
The Aboriginal Shire of Hope Vale is a local government area in Far North Queensland, Queensland, Australia, north of the town of Cooktown. The majority of the Shire consists of Deed of Grant land that is held for the benefit of Aboriginal people particularly concerned with the land and their ancestors and descendants.
History
Guugu Yimithirr (also known as Koko Yindjir, Gugu Yimidhirr, Guguyimidjir) is an Australian Aboriginal language of Hope Vale and the Cooktown area. The language region includes the local government area of the Aboriginal Shire of Hope Vale and the Shire of Cook, particularly the localities of Cape Bedford, Battle Camp and sections of the Normanby River and Annan River.
The area originally was set up as a German Lutheran mission in 1885 by missionaries, at what came to be known as the Cape Bedford Mission, from what is now Hope Vale. The residents were evacuated to Woorabinda during World War II in 1942, and the land was used by the army. Many of the people died, and the survivors were not allowed to return until 1949. In September 1952, the land was formally gazetted as an Aboriginal reserve.
In 1986, under the Community Services (Aborigines) Act 1984, a Deed of Grant in Trust was given to the Hope Vale community. Like other DOGIT communities of the time, Hope Vale had a Community Council elected by Aboriginal people living in the community.
Responsibilities
The Hope Vale Aboriginal Shire Council operates under the requirements set out in the Queensland Local Government Act. However, in the township of Hope Vale the Council is also the Trustee of the land and as such has added responsibilities that are quite different from a typical local government body. This includes responsibility for fisheries, alcohol management and employment initiatives.
The Hope Vale Aboriginal Shire Council operates an Indigenous Knowledge Centre (Nganthaanun-Milbi\Guugu Magubadaaygu), at the Jack Bambie Memorial Centre, in Hope Vale.
Mayors
2008- : Gregory Raymond McLean
See also
Hope Vale, Queensland
References
External links
University of Queensland: Queensland Places: Hope Vale Aboriginal Shire Council
Category:Local government areas of Queensland
Category:Aboriginal communities in Queensland
Category:Far North Queensland
Category:1986 establishments in Australia
Category:Aboriginal Shire of Hope Vale
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Vienna Basin
The Vienna Basin (, , ) is a geologically young tectonic burial basin and sedimentary basin in the seam area between the Alps, the Carpathians and the Pannonian Plain. Although it topographically separates the Alps from the Western Carpathians, it connects them geologically via corresponding rocks underground.
Geography
The fairly level area has the shape of a spindle, over an area of by . In the north it stretches up to the Marchfeld plateau beyond the Danube River. In the southeast, the Leitha Mountains separate it from the Little Hungarian Plain. In the west, it borders on the Gutenstein Alps and Vienna Woods mountain ranges of the Northern Limestone Alps. The Danube enters the basin at the Vienna Gate water gap near Mt. Leopoldsberg, it leaves at Devín Gate in the Little Carpathians east of Hainburg.
From the late 12th century onwards, the fortresses of Wiener Neustadt and Hainburg were erected at the southeastern and eastern rim as a defensive wall against attacks from the Hungarian lands downstream the Danube River. Nevertheless, the forces of King Matthias Corvinus entered the Vienna Basin during the Austrian-Hungarian War in 1485 to begin the Siege of Vienna. It was again invaded by Ottoman troops, who besieged the city in 1529 and 1683.
Structuring
More than 80% of the basin area belongs to the Austrian states of Lower Austria and Vienna. The northern parts on the Morava (March) and Thaya Rivers are part of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Along the southern and western rim, geothermal and mineral water springs occur in several spa towns like Baden, Bad Vöslau and Bad Fischau-Brunn.
Parts:
Vienna Basin proper. The part within the Czech Republic is called Dolnomoravský úval (Lower Morava Vale), whilst that within Slovakia is called Borská nížina (Bor Lowland, part of the Záhorie region)
Marchfeld (Moravské pole) in Lower Austria
Chvojnice Hills (Chvojnická pahorkatina) in Slovakia.
The Bor Lowland and Chvojnice Hills are known collectively as Záhorská nížina (Záhorie Lowland).
Geology
The Vienna Basin formations are a series of sedimentary layers that were deposited in the Neogene. It was formed by pull apart mechanism and the Vienna Basin fault system on which the Vienna Basin lies remains seismically active. Significant earthquakes that propagated across the Vienna Basin include the Neulengbach earthquake of 1590, and the strong temblor that hit Carnuntum in the mid-4th century.
References
External links
"Simplified Geological Map of the Weinviertel region"
Category:Geology of Austria
Category:Geology of Slovakia
Category:Geology of the Czech Republic
Category:Sedimentary basins of Europe
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François-Auguste Biard
François-Auguste Biard, born François Thérèse Biard (29 June 1799, in Lyon – 20 June 1882, in Samois-sur-Seine) was a French painter, known for his adventurous travels and the works depicting his experiences.
Biography
Although his parents intended for him to join the clergy, he spent most of his time learning to paint, beginning at a wallpaper factory in Lyon. Eventually, he was able to attend the École des Beaux-Arts, where he worked with Pierre Révoil until 1818, then studied with Fleury François Richard, after he took over as Director. His studies were, however, sporadic and much was learned on his own. He is, therefore, often referred to as "self-taught".
He also travelled to Italy, Greece and the Middle East. His first exhibition at the Salon in 1824 was well received. That same year, the Archdiocese commissioned four paintings from Révoil's former students, including Biard. In 1827, he travelled again, visiting Malta, Cyprus and Egypt. He later obtained the support of the July Monarchy, which acquired several of his works. In 1838, he was decorated with the Legion of Honor.
In 1839, he participated in a scientific expedition, led by Joseph Paul Gaimard, that went to Spitsbergen and Lappland. He was joined by his fiancée, the writer Léonie d’Aunet, who published an account of the trip in 1854, entitled Voyage d’une femme au Spitzberg. His sketches served as inspiration for four large panels at the National Museum of Natural History.
He married Léonie in 1840. Three years later, she became the mistress of Victor Hugo. In 1845, she was caught with him, in flagrante delicto, at a hotel. She was arrested for adultery, but Hugo was let go after invoking his inviolability as a member of the Chamber of Peers. She was taken to the Prison Saint-Lazare, served two months and was remanded to the care of a convent. The marriage was nullified in 1855.
Around 1858, he spent two years in Brazil, where he worked at the court of Emperor Pedro II. Using Rio de Janeiro as a base, he made several excursions into the countryside and to the Amazon, where he was one of the first painters to depict the indigenous people. He was offered a teaching position at the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, but declined in favor of continuing his travels. . Before returning to France, he detoured through North America and painted some scenes depicting slavery.. In 1862, his account of his travels in Brazil, with 180 engravings, was published by Hachette under the title Deux années au Brésil.
He was sometimes criticized for inserting humor in otherwise serious paintings.
Selected paintings
References
Further reading
Ana Lucia Araujo, Romantisme tropical: L’Aventure d’un peintre français au Brésil. Québec, Presses de l’Université Laval, 2008.
Christine Peltre, Dictionnaire culturel de l’orientalisme, Éditions Hazan, 2008,
Barbara C. Matilsky, "François-Auguste Biard : artist-naturalist-explorer", in La Gazette des Beaux-Arts, February 1985.
External links
Biard, Auguste François, 1798-1882. Deux années au Brésil (collab.: Riou, Edouard, 1833-1900) . Paris : Librairie de L. Hachette et Cie, 1862. (Biblioteca Brasiliana Guita e José Mindlin; Universidade de São Paulo).
More works by Biard @ ArtNet
Works by Biard @ the Base Joconde
"The Artist as Explorer" @ The Eclectic Light Company
Category:1799 births
Category:1882 deaths
Category:19th-century French painters
Category:French male painters
Category:French genre painters
Category:People from Lyon
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Bini the Bunny
Bini the Bunny is a rabbit, known for a series of videos posted on the internet. Bini is a 7-year-old male Holland Lop rabbit, referred to by the media and fans as the only rabbit in the world who can paint, play basketball, and comb and style hair.
As of 2017, Bini and his owner, Shai (Asor) Lighter are Guinness Book of World Record holders for the most slam dunks by a rabbit in one minute.
Bini's most popular video with over 20 million views was created in 2016, titled "When Your Bunny is Addicted to Arcade Games". Bini's YouTube channel has more than 180,000 subscribers and his Facebook page has over 250,000 fans.
Background
Bini has starred in more than 60 videos where his talents and intelligence are exemplified. He first became recognizable through his 2013 YouTube video "Funny bunny plays basketball -Bini the bunny". In 2016, Bini and his owner Shai moved from Israel to Los Angeles, California.
Bini the Bunny's tricks include playing basketball, painting with acrylic paints on canvas, combing and brushing humans' hair, jumping, dancing and spinning on command.
Media appearances
Bini the Bunny and Shai Lighter appeared on The Gong Show on ABC on July 26, 2018. The Gong Show starring Mike Myers, and featured celebrity judges: Will Arnett, Alyson Hannigan, and Lil Rel Howery
Bini was featured on the cover of Guinness World Records: Amazing Animals released in September 2017
His tricks have been documented on video on various media outlets, and he has been featured in articles by Huffington Post, AOL, USA Today, Fox News, and Sky News, among others. In 2016, Bini the Bunny was featured on LittleThings.com by Jessica Rothhaar and on German TV Network RTL Germany on the variety show Best Of .
In July 2017, Bini the Bunny and Shai Lighter were featured on the UK Channel E4 Rude Tube show, Season 11, Episode 9
In 2018, Bini was invited to the Red Carpet Premiere for the Peter Rabbit movie as a "celebrity rabbit".
On September 27, 2018, Bini the Bunny's first short-feature film was released to the world, titled Rabbit Home Alone which features Shai Lighter, and an array of actors as well as Bin i. The movie is a parody of 1990 feature film Home Alone.
In 2019, Bini was featured in National Geographic's book - Weird But True! USA. The book describes 300 facts about the United States, and Bini's fact is about a rabbit in LA that can slam dunk.
In June of 2019, Bini the Bunny and his owner Shai Lighter were interviewed on Australia's The Morning Show on Channel 7.
Hoppy Brush - Bini's puzzle game app
In February 2020, Shai Lighter released a mobile game based on Bini the Bunny's life.
The game is called Hoppy Brush, where players match colors to create paintings. In the game, Bini sells these paintings to help him rescue his mother.
All profits from the game go to the real life Bini and Shai Lighter.
Awards
Bini the Bunny was recognized and awarded a record by Guinness World Records for most slam dunks by a rabbit in 60 seconds. Bini broke the record in October 2016.
In 2017, the Facebook page for Bini the Bunny was recognized as "official" by Facebook. Bini has more than 200,000 Facebook fans.
In 2018, YouTube awarded Bini and Shai the Silver Creator Award for reaching and passing 100,000 subscribers.
References
Further reading
Category:Individual rabbits
Category:2012 animal births
Category:Animals on the Internet
Category:Male mammals
Category:Art by animals
Category:World record holders
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Danny Bautista
Daniel Bautista Alcántara (born May 24, 1972 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic) is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) baseball outfielder.
Bautista was signed by the Detroit Tigers in 1989. In 1993, he joined the major leagues with the Tigers. Although he hit for an average of .331 his first season as a Tiger, his power numbers there were not spectacular, and his batting average as a member of the Tigers decreased considerably over the next four seasons. In 1996, he was traded to the Atlanta Braves. He played three seasons there, but he also failed to produce good offensive numbers, his best batting average as a Brave being .250 in 1998.
He produced somewhat better offensive numbers as a member of the Florida Marlins in 1999, hitting for an average of .288. In 2000, he continued his improvement in offensive numbers, hitting double digits in homeruns for the first time in his career (11), while hitting for an average of .317 after a midseason trade to the Arizona Diamondbacks. He ended that year hitting a combined season average of .283. He would reach double digit homeruns once more in his final MLB season; hitting 11 in 2004.
Bautista won a World Series ring when the Diamondbacks beat the New York Yankees in seven games at the 2001 World Series, hitting .583 in the Series, fifth all-time in a single World Series.
In 2004, Bautista hit safely in 21 consecutive games. The streak ended during a game against the Philadelphia Phillies when Bautista went hitless in two at-bats. Bautista announced his retirement from baseball on March 19, 2005 following an ankle injury. Bautista had, at the time of his retirement, 685 hits at the major league level with a batting average of .272.
Danny played in the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, which is not affiliated with MLB, for the York Revolution in the first season of the team's existence. After a trade, he played for the Camden Riversharks.
See also
List of players from Dominican Republic in Major League Baseball
References
External links
Category:1972 births
Category:Living people
Category:Arizona Diamondbacks players
Category:Atlanta Braves players
Category:Bristol Tigers players
Category:Calgary Cannons players
Category:Camden Riversharks players
Category:Detroit Tigers players
Category:Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Canada
Category:Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Category:El Paso Diablos players
Category:Fayetteville Generals players
Category:Florida Marlins players
Category:Greenville Braves players
Category:London Tigers players
Category:Major League Baseball outfielders
Category:Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Category:Richmond Braves players
Category:Sportspeople from Santo Domingo
Category:Toledo Mud Hens players
Category:Tucson Sidewinders players
Category:York Revolution players
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Nizhnekamsk
Nizhnekamsk (; ) is a city in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located to the south of the Kama River between the cities of Naberezhnye Chelny and Chistopol. Population:
History
It was founded in 1961 as the work settlement of Nizhnekamsky (). As its population increased, spurred by the construction of Nizhnekamskneftekhim petrochemical industrial complex, Nizhnekamsk was granted city status in 1966.
Sightseeings
- Musa Jalil Park;
- "Maydan" - the place where the town festivals are held;
- the famous Holy Spring;
- "Neftehimik" ice hockey hall;
- the museum of the town.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Nizhnekamsk serves as the administrative center of Nizhnekamsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is, together with three rural localities, incorporated separately as the city of republic significance of Nizhnekamsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Nizhnekamsk is incorporated within Nizhnekamsky Municipal District as Nizhnekamsk Urban Settlement.
Economy
The city remains an important center of the petrochemical industry (Nizhnekamskneftekhim plant). It is served by the Begishevo Airport.
Demographics
Ethnic composition ():
Russians: 47.1%
Tatars: 46.5%
Chuvash people: 3.0%
Ukrainians: 1.0%
Bashkirs: 1.0%
Sports
HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk is an ice hockey team based in Nizhnekamsk, playing in the Kontinental Hockey League.
References
Notes
Sources
External links
Unofficial website of Nizhnekamsk
Article about Nizhnekamsk and the surrounding area
Category:Cities and towns in Tatarstan
Category:Cities and towns built in the Soviet Union
Category:Populated places established in 1961
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Eileen Seigh
Eileen Seigh (born December 27, 1928) is a retired American figure skater. She represented the United States at the 1948 Winter Olympics, where she placed 11th. Following her retirement from competitive skating, she skated professionally on Broadway in the Howdy, Mr. Ice ice show. She later worked as a skating coach at the Broadmoor Hotel in Colorado Springs, Colorado. In December 1952 she married one of her pupils, Pete Honnen, the founder of the heavy equipment company Honnen Equipment.
Competitive highlights
References
External links
Category:American female single skaters
Category:Olympic figure skaters of the United States
Category:Figure skaters at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Category:1928 births
Category:Sportspeople from New York City
Category:Living people
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Mary Jo Ondrechen
Mary Jo Ondrechen (born 1953) is a chemist, educator, researcher, community leader and activist. She serves as Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Principal Investigator of the Computational Biology Research Group at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts.
Education
Mary Jo Ondrechen received an American Chemical Society certified bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Reed College, Portland, Oregon in 1974. She pursued doctoral studies in Chemistry and Chemical Physics at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois and earned the Ph.D. degree in 1978, under the direction of Mark A. Ratner. After postdoctoral research appointments at the University of Chicago and at Tel-Aviv University in Israel, the latter as a NATO Postdoctoral Fellow, she joined the faculty at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts in 1980.
Research and discoveries
Her earlier research achievements include the design of molecules and materials with desirable spectroscopic and conductive properties, prediction of electric field effects in molecules and proteins, the optimization of energy conversion devices, and the design and characterization of ionic conductor materials for rechargeable batteries. Her current research activities include modeling of biological macromolecules and predictive calculations for functional genomics.
She co-developed THEMATICS (Theoretical Microscopic Anomalous Titration Curve Shapes), a simple computational predictor of functional information about proteins from their three-dimensional structure alone. THEMATICS predicts catalytic and binding sites in proteins with high sensitivity and good selectivity. A unique and powerful feature of her THEMATICS method is that it requires neither sequence nor structural comparisons and hence applies to novel folds, orphan sequences, and also to engineered polypeptide systems.
She is also the co-developer of a novel machine learning technology called Partial Order Optimum Likelihood (POOL). POOL is a monotonicity-constrained maximum likelihood method for the prediction of properties that depend monotonically on the input features. This powerful method, coupled with THEMATICS input features, is a top-performing active site predictor for protein structures.
These methods are also being used for the successful annotation of structural genomics proteins, i.e. for the discovery of the function of gene products whose function is currently unknown. Her Structurally Aligned Local Sites of Activity (SALSA) method uses local sets of amino acid residues that are computationally predicted to be active in catalysis to identify the biochemical function of enzyme structures of unknown function.
These computational methods are also currently used to understand how enzymes affect catalysis. Specifically Professor Ondrechen has pioneered the concept of spatially extended enzyme active sites, and that the participation of amino acids, even if they are distant from the site of the catalyzed reaction, may be predicted with a simple calculation.
Her research group has also developed computational methods to improve the design of artificial enzymes.
Community activism
Professor Ondrechen is a community leader and activist. She has recently served on the Board of Advisors of the Washington, DC-based Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC), representing the interests of community and tribal stakeholders. She is the former President of the Board of Directors of the North American Indian Center of Boston (NAICOB) and served as Chair of the Board of Directors of the Albuquerque, New Mexico-based American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES) from 2011 to 2013. A passionate advocate for stewardship of the Earth, she previously has served on the Conservation Commission for Hopkinton, Massachusetts and on the Community Leaders Network of the U.S. Department of Energy. She has been particularly active in the promotion of innovative technologies to solve environmental problems. She also actively advocates for the inclusion of public and tribal stakeholders in environmental evaluation, decision-making, and management.
She was a speaker at the March for Science in Washington, D.C. in April, 2017 .
She has given numerous presentations on diversity and inclusiveness in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.
References
Category:1953 births
Category:American women scientists
Category:Living people
Category:American women chemists
Category:Northeastern University faculty
Category:Reed College alumni
Category:Computational chemists
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Grey-faced petrel
The grey-faced petrel (Pterodroma gouldi) is a petrel endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. In New Zealand it is also known by its Māori name ōi and (along with other species such as the sooty shearwater) as a muttonbird.
Taxonomy
This species was formerly treated as a subspecies of the great-winged petrel (Pterodroma macroptera) but has been recognized as a separate species since 2014. Research published in 2016 supports the conclusion that P. gouldi should be treated as a separate species.
Description
Grey-faced petrels are large birds, with a body length of 42–45 cm and weighing on average 550 g . They have a dark black-brown colouration, similar to that of the black-footed albatross, with a black bill and pale grey to buff feathers at the base of the bill and throat. The wings are long and enable a buoyant style of flight. Grey-faced petrels are easily confused with Great-winged petrel (Pterodroma macroptera) where their ranges overlap in the Tasman Sea, as these species are morphologically very similar.
Distribution
The grey-faced petrel breeds only in the north of North Island, New Zealand. Colonies are largely found on offshore islands, although small remnant populations exist on the mainland at several sites, and birds are successfully breeding in areas with sufficient control of invasive mammalian predators such as rats, cats, and stoats. The largest breeding colony is found on Moutohora Island, with an estimated 95,000 breeding pairs. Outside of the breeding season, individuals range over the subtropical southwest Pacific Ocean, including Australia and Norfolk Island, keeping mainly in the area between 25 and 50 degrees south. Vagrants may occasionally enter Antarctic waters.
Behaviour and ecology
Breeding
The breeding season for grey-faced petrels starts in winter, with egg-laying commencing in late June. Incubation lasts for about 55 days, a responsibility shared by both parents - swapping over about every 17 days. The parents may travel distances of up to 600 km in order to feed their offspring. The chick will stay with the parents for about 120 days before fledging in December or January.
Food and feeding
Grey-faced petrels typically hunt squid, fish, and crustaceans, but will sometimes scavenge this food. Grey-faced petrels mostly hunt at night, and as most of their prey are bioluminescent, it is suggested that they use these light cues to hunt.
Threats and conservation
Grey-faced petrels have a considerably large population and range, and so are listed as least concern by the IUCN. Furthermore, it is listed as Not Threatened under the New Zealand Threat Classification System due to population increases. One of the largest threats to grey-faced petrels is at breeding grounds, where they are predated on by introduced mammals such as Norway rats. Unattended eggs and young/weak chicks are particularly susceptible to predation, which can impact breeding success rates at colonies. Furthermore, burrowing animals such as rabbits can compete and interfere with grey-faced petrel burrows, which may lead to the birds abandoning them. However, pest eradication projects, such as on Moutohora Island, have allowed some of these colonies to flourish.
Town lights have been known to attract some young grey-faced petrels, possibly confusing the artificial light for bioluminescent prey.
Relationship to humans
In New Zealand some Māori iwi, such as Ngāti Awa and the Hauraki iwi, have customary rights to harvest grey-faced petrel chicks. In the middle of the 20th century, a rahui (ban) on harvesting was put in place by these iwi due to declining population numbers. However, in light of population recoveries, harvesting has started to resume. Research has been undertaken to identify safe harvest numbers that will not harm colony populations.
References
Further reading
grey-faced petrel
Category:Birds of the North Island
Category:Endemic fauna of New Zealand
grey-faced petrel
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1935 Allan Cup
The 1935 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1934-35 Senior season.
Final
Best of 3
Halifax 3 Port Arthur 2
Halifax 4 Port Arthur 3
Halifax Wolverines beat Port Arthur Bearcats 2-0 on series.
External links
Allan Cup archives
Allan Cup website
Category:Allan Cup
Allan
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VKORC1
The human gene VKORC1 encodes for the enzyme, Vitamin K epOxide Reductase Complex (VKORC) subunit 1. This enzymatic protein complex is responsible for reducing vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to its active form, which is important for effective clotting. In humans, mutations in this gene can be associated with deficiencies in vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors.
Function
The VKORC1 protein is a key enzyme in the vitamin K cycle. VKORC1 is a 163 amino acid integral membrane protein associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and VKORC1 mRNA is broadly expressed in many different tissues. VKORC1 is involved in the vitamin K cycle by reduction of vitamin K epoxide to vitamin K, which is the rate-limiting step in the physiological process of vitamin K recycling. The availability of reduced vitamin K is of importance for activation vitamin K 2,3-epoxide. The reduction of vitamin K epoxide is then responsible for the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in some blood-clotting proteins, including factor VII, factor IX, and factor X. VKORC1 is of therapeutic interest both for its role in contributing to high interpatient variability in coumarin anticoagulant dose requirements and as a potential player in vitamin K deficiency disorders.
Warfarin is a commonly prescribed oral anticoagulant, or blood thinner used to treat blood clots such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and to prevent stroke in people who have atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease or artificial heart valves. Warfarin causes inhibition on VKORC1 activities and leads to a reduced amount of vitamin K available to serve as a cofactor for clotting proteins. Inappropriate dosing of warfarin has been associated with a substantial risk of both major and minor hemorrhage. As the pharmacological target of warfarin, VKORC1 is considered a candidate gene for the variability in warfarin response. Previous researches have shown that the CYP2C9 genotype of patients also played a role in warfarin metabolism and response.
Gene
The human gene is located on chromosome 16. Two pseudogenes have been identified on chromosome 1 and the X chromosome.
Clinical relevance
In humans, mutations in this gene are associated with deficiencies in vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors. Fatal bleeding (internal) and hemorrhage can result from a decreased ability to form clots.
The product of the VKORC1 gene encodes a subunit of the enzyme that is responsible for reducing vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to the activated form, a reduction reaction. A genetic polymorphism on the VKORC1 gene results in a patient having less available VKORC enzyme to complete this reaction.
Specifically, in the VKORC1 1639 (or 3673) single-nucleotide polymorphism, the common ("wild-type") G allele is replaced by the A allele. People with an A allele (or the "A haplotype") produce less VKORC1 than do those with the G allele (or the "non-A haplotype"). The prevalence of these variants also varies by race, with 90–95% of Asians, 37% of Caucasians and 14% of Africans carrying the A allele. The end result is a decreased amount of clotting factors and therefore, a decreased ability to clot.
Warfarin is an anticoagulant that opposes the procoagulant effect of vitamin K by inhibiting the VKORC enzyme. If these patients are prescribed warfarin for another medical purpose, they will require lower doses than usual because the patient is already deficient in VKORC. They may experience severe bleeding and bruising. Lower warfarin doses are needed to inhibit VKORC1 and to produce an anticoagulant effect in carriers of the A allele. Genetic testing can reveal the presence of the genetic mutation and FDA recommends lower starting doses of warfarin in these patients.
Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have also been described. These isoforms result in warfarin resistance (requiring higher doses) in humans and rats, because the amount and effectiveness of the VKORC enzyme has not changed, but the ability of warfarin to exert its effect (antagonize the enzyme) has changed. These isoform mutations are rare except in Ethiopian and certain Jewish populations.
References
Further reading
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Melt blowing
Melt blowing is a conventional fabrication method of micro- and nanofibers where a polymer melt is extruded through small nozzles surrounded by high speed blowing gas. The randomly deposited fibers form a nonwoven sheet product applicable for filtration, sorbents, apparels and drug delivery systems. The substantial benefits of melt blowing are simplicity, high specific productivity and solvent-free operation. Choosing an appropriate combination of polymers with optimized rheological and surface properties, scientists have been able to produce melt-blown fibers with an average diameter of down to 36nm.
History
During volcanic activity a fibrous material may be drawn by vigorous wind from molten basaltic magma called Pele's hair. The same phenomenon applies for melt blowing of polymers. The first research on melt blowing was a naval attempt in the USA to produce fine filtration materials for radiation measurements on drone aircraft in the 1950s. Later on, Exxon Corporation developed the first industrial process based on the melt blowing principle with high throughput levels.
Polymers
Polymers with thermoplastic behavior are applicable for melt blowing. The main polymer types commonly processed with melt blowing:
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
Polyesters
Polyurethane
Polyamides (nylons)
Polyethylene
Polycarbonate
Uses
Melt-blown fabrics have generally the same applications as other nonwoven products. The main uses of melt-blown nonwovens and other innovative approaches are as follows.
Filtration
The porous nonwoven melt-blown fabrics can be used in the filtration of gaseous as well as liquid materials. These applications include water treatment, masks, air conditioning filter, etc.
Sorbents
Nonwovens are capable to retain liquids several times of their own weight. For instance, polypropylene nonwovens are ideal to recollect oil contaminations.
Hygiene products
The high sorption efficiency of melt-blown nonwovens can be exploited in disposable diapers, sanitary napkins and other feminine hygiene products as well.
Apparels
The good thermal insulation properties, the barrier behavior against fluids combined with breathability make melt-blown nonwovens a great choice for apparels even in harsh environments.
Drug delivery
Melt blowing is also capable to produce drug-loaded fibers for controlled drug delivery. The high throughput rate (extrusion feeding), solvent-free operation accompanied with the increased surface area of the product make melt blowing a promising new formulation technique.
References
Category:Polymer physics
Category:Nanomaterials
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Thomas Gingeras
Thomas Raymond Gingeras is an American geneticist and professor at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. He is a leader of the National Institutes of Health's ENCODE project. He worked at Affymetrix as Vice President of Biological Sciences before joining CSHL. In 2019, he was listed as an ISI Highly Cited Researcher.
References
External links
Faculty page
Lab website
Category:Living people
Category:American geneticists
Category:New York University alumni
Category:Highly Cited Researchers
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Indian March of Paul
The Indian March of Paul was a secret project of a planned allied Russo-French expedition against the British dominions in India. It was scuttled following the assassination of Emperor Paul I of Russia in March 1801.
Russia and Britain were allied during the French Revolutionary Wars of the 1790s. The failure of their joint invasion of the Netherlands in 1799 precipitated a change in attitudes. Britain's occupation of Malta in October 1800 incensed Emperor Paul in his capacity of Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller. He hastily broke with Britain and allied himself with Napoleon who came up with an extravagant plan of a Russo-French expedition to attack the British possessions in India.
Secret plans
The secret plan of the expedition, as preserved in the Russian archives, envisaged the joint operations of two infantry corps, one French (with artillery support) and one Russian. Each infantry corps had 35,000 men, the total force thus containing 70,000 men, plus artillery and a large contingent of Cossack cavalry.
Napoleon insisted that the command of the French corps be entrusted to General André Masséna. The route of advance schedule for the French corps started in May 1801 via the Danube and the Black Sea through southern Russia via Taganrog, Tsaritsyn, and Astrakhan.
At the Volga estuary, the French were supposed to be joined by Russian forces. Then the joint Russo-French corps was to cross the Caspian Sea and land at the Iranian port of Astrabad. The whole trip from France to Astrabad was calculated to take eighty days. Further advance would take another fifty days via Herat and Kandahar before reaching the main areas of India in September of the same year.
The Indian March was designed to look very much like Napoleon's expedition to Egypt, with engineers, painters and scientists taking part. Also meticulously devised (one can see in it Paul's passion for details) was the public relations side of the Indian expedition. For example, the instructions for trade with the local peoples included the recommendation to sell the cloths "of the colorings most liked by the Asians". The expeditionary force was to have in stock a reserve of fireworks for festive illuminations.
Outcome
In January 1801, the Don Cossack ataman Vasily Petrovich Orlov received orders for his cavalry force to march toward India. The route of advance schedule was to reach the steppe fort of Orenburg in a month, and from there to move via Bukhara and Khiva to the Indus River. Soon after receiving these orders, the 20,000-strong Cossack force started for the Kazakh steppes.
In his book about the Great Game, Peter Hopkirk narrates that Paul had not been able to obtain a detailed map of India until the Cossacks' departure from Orenburg. He quotes the Tsar as instructing Orlov: "My maps only go as far as Khiva and the River Oxus. Beyond these points it is your affair to gain information about the possessions of the English, and the condition of the native population subject to their rule".
When Orlov's modest Cossack contingent advanced as far south as the Aral Sea, they received intelligence of the Emperor's assassination. The Indian March was brought to a halt, and before long the Cossacks were commanded to retreat. It is tempting to speculate that the Pahlen plot was triggered by the Indian adventure, given that the high-placed Russian officials did not approve of it and their conspiracy was financed by British diplomacy. There is no evidence to confirm this conjecture.
Assessment
The British public learned about the incident years later, but it firmly imprinted on the popular consciousness, contributing to feelings of mutual suspicion and distrust associated with the Great Game. Hugh Seton-Watson observes that "the grotesque plan had no military significance, but at least showed its author's state of mind". This assessment is echoed by Hopkirk who remarks that "no serious thought or study has been given to this wild adventure".
References
Category:1801 in British India
Category:1801 in France
Category:1801 in military history
Category:1801 in the Russian Empire
Category:Campaigns of the Napoleonic Wars
Category:Cancelled invasions
Category:Cancelled military operations involving France
Category:Cancelled military operations involving the Russian Empire
Category:France–Russia military relations
Category:Invasions by France
Category:Invasions by Russia
Category:Invasions of India
Category:Military history of British India
Category:Wars involving the Russian Empire
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Ladder of the Tyrians
Ladder of Tyre (Aramaic: Sûlama de Ṣôr), (), also known as the Ladder of the Tyrians and the Promontory of Tyre, is a geographical feature mentioned in Greek and Hebrew sources, distinguished by a littoral mountainous range, the highest point of which is distant north of Acre in northern Israel. The range stretches beyond Tyre in southern Lebanon. Along its Mediterranean coastline, the Ladder of Tyre skirts an area of about five miles wide at its greatest width, and is distinguished by capes that jut westward into the sea from the ridge which runs parallel to the general line of the coast. These capes project more than a mile into the sea, and rise precipitously at a mean elevation of above sea level. The Ladder of Tyre is mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud, in the Jerusalem Talmud, in the First Book of Maccabees (11:59), and in the writings of Josephus.
According to the Babylonian Talmud, the waters of the region were formerly known for the marine mollusk (Murex), harvested for its blue-dye. The 1st-century historian Josephus puts 100 stadia (c. 11½ mi.; 18½ km.) from the north of Acre to the highest point (massif) in the promontory known as the Ladder of Tyre. This high place is now associated with Râs en-Nakûrah (Scala Tyriorum), and which marked the southern pass into Phoenicia proper, and formed the boundary between that country and Palestine. According to Josephus, a place nearby was also known for its fine, crystalline sand used in glass making.
A. Neubauer and Tristram thought that the Ladder of Tyre was to be identified with Cape Blanco (Ras el-Abyad), about north of Râs en-Nakûrah and belonging to the same mountain range. According to historical geographer Joseph Schwarz, where the Mount Amana range terminates at the rock cliffs of Râs en-Nakûrah, "on this rock is a narrow ascent, shaped somewhat like steps, by which its summit can be reached; hence it is called in the Talmud the Ladder of Tyre."
References
Bibliography
(reprinted A. Hart: Philadelphia 1850)
External links
Ladder of Tyre, Library of Congress
Category:Landforms of the Middle East
Category:Landforms of Israel
Category:Landforms of Lebanon
Category:Geology of Lebanon
Category:Geology of Israel
Category:Physiographic provinces
Category:Classical sites in Israel
Category:Tyre District
Category:Geography of Lebanon
Category:Geography of Israel
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Kasper Averink
Kasper Averink (born 11 June 1993) is a Dutch basketball player. Standing at , Averink plays the point guard or shooting guard position.
External links
Eurobasket.com Profile
Category:1993 births
Category:Living people
Category:BC Prievidza players
Category:Dutch Basketball League players
Category:Dutch men's basketball players
Category:BSW (basketball club) players
Category:Shooting guards
Category:Sportspeople from Leiden
Category:B.S. Leiden players
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Highlife (cellular automaton)
Highlife is a cellular automaton similar to Conway's Game of Life. It was devised in 1994 by Nathan Thompson. It is a two-dimensional, two-state cellular automaton in the "Life family" and is described by the rule B36/S23; that is, a cell is born if it has 3 or 6 neighbors and survives if it has 2 or 3 neighbors. Because the rules of HighLife and Conway's Life (rule B3/S23) are similar, many simple patterns in Conway's Life function identically in HighLife. More complicated engineered patterns for one rule, though, typically do not work in the other rule.
Replicator
The main reason for interest in HighLife comes from the existence of a pattern called the replicator. After running the replicator for twelve generations, the result is two replicators. The replicators will repeatedly reproduce themselves, all on a diagonal line. Whenever two replicators try to expand into each other, the pattern in the middle simply vanishes. The behavior of a row of Replicators interacting with each other in this way simulates the one-dimensional Rule 90 cellular automaton, where a single replicator simulates a nonzero cell of the Rule 90 automaton and a blank space where a replicator could be simulates a zero cell of Rule 90. Replicators can be used to engineer other more complex patterns, such as glider guns and high period oscillators.
A simple c/6 diagonal spaceship, found by Nathan Thompson, is known as the bomber. This pattern consists of a replicator and a blinker; after replicating itself into two replicators, one of the two new replicators reacts with the blinker to "pull" it forward to match the new position of the other new replicator. In this way, the whole pattern repeats with period 48.
It is also possible to make slower spaceships of much larger size that consist of a sequence of replicators between two ends composed of oscillators or still lifes, with the pattern of the replicators carefully chosen so that they interact with the ends of the pattern in such a way as to push the front end and pull the back end at the same speed.
Explicit examples of this design, known as "basilisks", include spaceships of speeds (one cell every 24 generations), , , and . A basilisk gun has also been constructed.
It had been proven that replicators exist in Conway's Life as well, before an explicit example was found in 2013.
References
External links
Life lexicon: replicator
HighLife - An Interesting Variant of Life (ZIP file of a single text file)
Category:Cellular automaton rules
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All About Me (disambiguation)
All About Me is a TV series with Jasper Carrot.
All About Me may also refer to:
"All About Me" (Hugh Sheridan song), 2009
"All About Me" (Syd song), 2017
All About Me, album by Cleo Laine
All About Me, album by Natti Natasha
All About Me, album by Madd Hatta
All About Me, a Broadway musical featuring Dame Edna and Michael Feinstein
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