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George K. Denton George Kirkpatrick Denton (November 17, 1864 – January 4, 1926) was a U.S. Representative from Indiana, father of Winfield K. Denton. Born near Sebree, Kentucky, Denton attended the public schools and Van Horn Institute. He was graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware in 1891 and from the law department of Boston (Massachusetts) University in 1893. He was admitted to the bar in 1893 and commenced practice in Evansville, Indiana. He served as counsel for the Intermediate Life Insurance Co.. Denton was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1917 – March 3, 1919). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1918 to the Sixty-sixth Congress. He resumed the practice of law in Evansville, Indiana. He was an unsuccessful candidate in 1924 for judge of the Indiana Supreme Court. Candidate for the Democratic nomination for United States Senator in 1926, but died before the primary election. He died in Evansville, Indiana, January 4, 1926. He was interred in Oak Hill Cemetery. References Category:1864 births Category:1926 deaths Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Indiana Category:Indiana Democrats Category:Politicians from Evansville, Indiana Category:Ohio Wesleyan University alumni Category:Boston University School of Law alumni Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives Category:Burials in Indiana	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Contender (dinghy) The International Contender is a single-handed high performance sailing dinghy, designed by Bob Miller, latterly known as Ben Lexcen, (Australia) in 1967 as a possible successor to the Finn dinghy for Olympic competition. The Contender is recognised as an International Class by World Sailing, the governing body of sail boat racing, which administers the class rules. Background "Single-handed" means sailed by only one person. The boat has a trapeze which allows the sailor to use their weight more effectively. The design of the boat does not favour sailors within a narrow or extreme size or weight range, past champions have ranged from 60 kg to more than 90 kg. While physical fitness, agility and strength are advantageous, good technical sailing skills and experience can count for more. Sailors wishing to master the Contender must learn how to trapeze and steer the boat at the same time, and how to move about the boat while keeping it level. As part of race tuning, the Contender mast is commonly raked well aft, which results in restricted space between the boom and deck. Tacking consequently requires technique and practice to avoid getting stuck under the boom. Sailing the boat level at all times (except in very light winds) is fastest and reduces capsizes, which can happen fast if the boom dips into the water. There is a trade-off between raking the mast far aft and keeping the kicker (boom vang) tight at all times (which is faster) and the higher probability of capsizing due to this less forgiving set up. Unlike older and heavier dinghy designs, the Contender requires the centerboard to be lowered at least somewhat to avoid quick capsizes when reaching and running in a breeze. Class rule changes The class rules are overseen by the International Contender Association. Proposals for changes to the rules are written down and presented to the class members during the Annual General Meeting (AGM). Before a rule change is taken into effect, the proposal needs to be approved by 2/3 of the member attending the AGM. If the proposal is approved, a next voting round will be done using a postal ballot. If a majority approves, the proposal will go to World Sailing for their approval. If this passes, the rules are updated and effected. Notable changes to the class rules are for instance: allow other materials than aluminium for masts; proposal in 2000 and a rule change in 2002 allow loose footed sail; proposal in 2000 and a rule change in 2002 allow other material than aluminium for the boom; proposal in 2002 and a rule change in 2003 The Contender Microsite on World Sailing has a section with the latest class rules. Events World Championships European Championships References External links Class associations International Contender Association British Contender Association Danish Contender Association Dutch Contender Association German Contender Association Italian Contender Association French Contender Association (In French) Others International Contender Class Rules 2015 World Sailing Contender Microsite World Sailing Category:Dinghies Category:Classes of World Sailing Category:1960s sailboat type designs Category:Sailboat type designs by Australian designers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jeff Blauser Jeffrey Michael Blauser (born November 8, 1965) is a former Major League Baseball shortstop. He played for the Atlanta Braves and Chicago Cubs from 1987 to 1999. Career Blauser went to Placer High School in Auburn, California and Sacramento City College. He was selected by the Braves in the first round (4th pick) of the 1984 June amateur draft (secondary phase) and made his major league debut on July 5, 1987. Blauser was a powerful right-handed shortstop at 6' 0", 170 lb. He hit well for a middle infielder but was shaky with the glove, which often led him to be replaced on the field in the later innings. In 1993, Blauser had a breakout season, batting over .300 for the first time and scoring 110 runs. He was also named to the All-Star team. During the next few seasons, Blauser's production suffered. He made 23 errors in 1996 and spent half the season on the disabled list. He came back in 1997, however, batting .308 with 17 home runs and 70 runs batted in. He was an All-Star for the second time and also won the Silver Slugger Award for National League shortstops. After the '97 season, Blauser signed a 2-year, $8.2 million deal with the Cubs as a free agent. The contract also contained a club option for 2000 worth $7 million. In two years with them, he struggled with injuries and batted under .230. After the 1999 season, the Cubs declined to pick up his 2000 option, opting instead to pay a $200,000 buyout. Blauser retired after the season. Blauser retired with a lifetime batting average of .262, 122 home runs and 513 RBI. He managed the Mississippi Braves, the AA affiliate of the Atlanta Braves, during the 2006 season. Blauser and Braves' teammate Mark Lemke are the namesakes of the police officers in the 2014 movie Hits References External links Jeff Blauser Interview at Baseball Digest Daily - March 2006 Category:1965 births Category:Living people Category:Placer High School alumni Category:Major League Baseball shortstops Category:National League All-Stars Category:Atlanta Braves players Category:Chicago Cubs players Category:Sumter Braves players Category:Richmond Braves players Category:Baseball players from California Category:Sacramento City Panthers baseball players Category:People from Los Gatos, California Category:Silver Slugger Award winners	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Wardell's Beach Wardell's Beach is the historic name of a barrier spit located on the Jersey Shore of the Atlantic Ocean in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. It takes its name from Eliakim Wardell, an early owner, and his descendants. Since the 19th century it has been joined physically to Sandy Hook, and contains the boroughs of Monmouth Beach and Sea Bright. Geography Wardell's Beach is a very narrow barrier peninsula that separates the Atlantic Ocean from the Shrewsbury River and is opposite the Shrewsbury's confluence with the Navesink River. It is on its southern end joined to the mainland, and joins Sandy Hook to the north. History It was described in 1834 as, Shrewsbury Inlet closed in late 1848. By 1856 the construction of a railroad along the spit rendered the closing of the inlet more or less permanent. By 1878 the name Wardell's Beach was falling into disuse, viz, Since that time, Wardell's Beach is normally only identified under the names of the two municipalities located upon it, Monmouth Beach and Sea Bright. References Category:Landforms of Monmouth County, New Jersey Category:Barrier islands of New Jersey Category:Jersey Shore communities in Monmouth County Category:Peninsulas of New Jersey Category:Spits of the United States Category:Beaches of Monmouth County, New Jersey Category:Beaches of New Jersey	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Vilho Tuulos Vilho "Ville" Immanuel Tuulos (26 March 1895 – 2 September 1967) was a Finnish triple jumper and long jumper. He won a gold medal in the triple jump at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp. The 14.50 meter jumps he made during the qualifying round was counted for the main event and were enough for the win. Tuulos also won bronze medals at the 1924 and 1928 Olympics. In the long jump, his best result was a fourth place at the 1924 Olympics. Tuulos improved the European record in triple jump twice: on 20 July 1919 in Tampere with a result of 15.30 meters and on 6 July 1923 in Borås with 15.48 metres. The latter result stayed as the European record for over sixteen years, until Kaare Strøm jumped 15.49 metres in 1939. Tuulos was the uncle of the Olympic figure skater Kalle Tuulos. He died in Tampere, aged 72. References Category:1895 births Category:1967 deaths Category:Sportspeople from Tampere Category:Finnish male triple jumpers Category:Finnish male long jumpers Category:Olympic athletes of Finland Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1920 Summer Olympics Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1924 Summer Olympics Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1928 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic gold medalists for Finland Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Finland Category:Medalists at the 1928 Summer Olympics Category:Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics Category:Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field) Category:Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bucks, Illinois Bucks is an unincorporated community in DeWitt County, Illinois, United States. Bucks is south of Heyworth. References Category:Unincorporated communities in DeWitt County, Illinois Category:Unincorporated communities in Illinois	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Soil in Sa'isi Tsa'ida Imba The soils of the Sa'isi Tsa'ida Imba woreda (district) in Tigray (Ethiopia) reflect its longstanding agricultural history, highly seasonal rainfall regime, relatively low temperatures, overall dominance of metamorphic and sandstone lithology and steep slopes. Factors contributing to soil diversity Climate Annual rainfall depth is very variable with an average of around 600 mm. Most rains fall during the main rainy season, which typically extends from June to September. Mean temperature in woreda town Freweyni is 18.2 °C, oscillating between average daily minimum of 10.1 °C and maximum of 25.9 °C. The contrasts between day and night air temperatures are much larger than seasonal contrasts. Geology From the higher to the lower locations, the following geological formations are present: Adigrat Sandstone Enticho Sandstone Edaga Arbi Glacials Precambrian metamorphic rocks Topography As part of the Ethiopian highlands the land has undergone a rapid tectonic uplift, leading the occurrence of mountain peaks, plateaus, valleys and gorges. Land use Generally speaking the level lands and intermediate slopes are occupied by cropland, while there is rangeland and shrubs on the steeper slopes. Remnant forests occur around Orthodox Christian churches and a few inaccessible places. A recent trend is the widespread planting of eucalyptus trees. Environmental changes Soil degradation in this district became important when humans started deforestation almost 5000 years ago. Depending on land use history, locations have been exposed in varying degrees to such land degradation. Geomorphic regions and soil units Given the complex geology and topography of the district, it has been organised into land systems - areas with specific and unique geomorphic and geological characteristics, characterised by a particular soil distribution along the soil catena. Soil types are classified in line with World Reference Base for Soil Resources and reference made to main characteristics that can be observed in the field. Idaga Hamus highlands Associated soil types shallow, very stony, silt loamy to loamy soils (Skeletic Cambisol, Leptic Cambisol, Skeletic Regosol) (4) shallow, stony, dark greyish brown clay loams and sandy loams (Eutric Regosol and Cambisol) (21) sandy clay loams to sands developed on sandy colluvium (Eutric Arenosol, Regosol, Cambisol) (24) Inclusions complex of rock outcrops, very stony and very shallow soils ((Lithic) Leptosol) (1) Deep dark cracking clays with very good natural fertility, waterlogged during the wet season (Chromic Vertisol, Pellic Vertisol) (12) moderately deep, brown silty loamy to loamy soils (Eutric Luvisol) (26) Enticho Sandstone plateau Associated soil types shallow sandy soils with an indurated layer which prevents rooting and drainage (Petric Plinthosol) (9) moderately deep, (light) brown, loamy to loamy sandy soil (Chromic Cambisol, Arenic Luvisol, Arenic Lixisol) (28) Inclusions complex of rock outcrops, very stony and very shallow soils ((Lithic) Leptosol) (1) shallow, stony, dark greyish brown clay loams and sandy loams (Eutric Regosol and Cambisol) (21) clays of floodplains with very high watertable with moderate to good natural fertility (Eutric Gleysol, Gleyic Cambisol) (33) Mesa on the Enticho Sandstone plateau Associated soil types shallow sandy soils with an indurated layer which prevents rooting and drainage (Petric Plinthosol) (9) sandy clay loams to sands developed on sandy colluvium (Eutric Arenosol, Regosol, Cambisol) (24) moderately deep, (light) brown, loamy to loamy sandy soil (Chromic Cambisol, Arenic Luvisol, Arenic Lixisol) (28) Inclusion: complex of rock outcrops, very stony and very shallow soils ((Lithic) Leptosol) (1) Sinkata plain Associated soil types shallow sandy soils with an indurated layer which prevents rooting and drainage (Petric Plinthosol) (9) moderately deep, (light) brown, loamy to loamy sandy soil (Chromic Cambisol, Arenic Luvisol, Arenic Lixisol) (28) Inclusions complex of rock outcrops, very stony and very shallow soils ((Lithic) Leptosol) (1) shallow, stony loam soils (Eutric Regosol and Cambisol) (21) deep, very hard cracking clays with good natural fertility, waterlogged during the wet season (Mazic (Sodic) Vertisol) (13) brown to dark, silty clay loams to loamy sands developed on alluvium, with good natural fertility (Fluvisol) (30) Suluh plains with metavolcanic rocks Associated soil types complex of rock outcrops, very stony and very shallow soils ((Lithic) Leptosol) (1) moderately deep, red-brownish, loamy soils with a good natural fertility (Chromic Luvisol) (20) shallow, stony loam soils (Eutric Regosol and Cambisol) (21) Inclusions shallow, very stony, silt loamy to loamy soils (Skeletic Cambisol, Leptic Cambisol, Skeletic Regosol) (4) clays of floodplains with very high watertable with moderate to good natural fertility (Eutric Gleysol, Gleyic Cambisol) (33) Negash geosyncline Dominant soil type: shallow, stony loam soils (Eutric Regosol and Cambisol) (21) Associated soil types complex of rock outcrops, very stony and very shallow soils ((Lithic) Leptosol) (1) Inclusions moderately deep, brown loamy soils ((Eutric) Luvisol) (26) clays of floodplains with very high watertable with moderate to good natural fertility (Eutric Gleysol, Gleyic Cambisol) (33) Soil erosion and conservation The reduced soil protection by vegetation cover, combined with steep slopes and erosive rainfall has led to excessive soil erosion. Nutrients and organic matter were lost and soil depth was reduced. Hence, soil erosion is an important problem, which results in low crop yields and biomass production. As a response to the strong degradation and thanks to the hard labour of many people in the villages, soil conservation has been carried out on a large scale since the 1980s and especially 1980s; this has curbed rates of soil loss. Measures include the construction of infiltration trenches, stone bunds, check dams, small reservoirs such as Addi Abagiè, as well as a major biological measure: exclosures in order to allow forest regeneration. On the other hand, it remains difficult to convince farmers to carry out measures within the farmland (in situ soil management), such as bed and furrows or zero grazing, as there is a fear for loss of income from the land. Such techniques are however very effective. References Category:Soil geography of Tigray (Ethiopia)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Cyclic form Cyclic form is a technique of musical construction, involving multiple sections or movements, in which a theme, melody, or thematic material occurs in more than one movement as a unifying device. Sometimes a theme may occur at the beginning and end (for example, in Mendelssohn's A minor String Quartet or Brahms's Symphony No. 3); other times a theme occurs in a different guise in every part (e.g. Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique, and Saint-Saëns's "Organ" Symphony). The technique has a complex history, having fallen into disuse in the Baroque and Classical eras, but steadily increasing in use during the nineteenth century . The Renaissance cyclic mass, which incorporates a usually well-known portion of plainsong as a cantus firmus in each of its sections, is an early use of this principle of unity in a multiple-section form . Examples can also be found in late-sixteenth- and seventeenth-century instrumental music, for instance in the canzonas, sonatas, and suites by composers such as Samuel Scheidt, in which a ground bass may recur in each movement (; ). When the movements are short enough and begin to be heard as a single entity rather than many, the boundaries begin to blur between cyclic form and variation form. Cyclic technique is not typically found in the instrumental music of the most famous composers from the Baroque and "high classical" eras, though it may still be found in the music of such figures as Luigi Boccherini and Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf (; ). It is hard to find overt instances of thematic recall between movements in Mozart, for example, and Haydn uses the technique on only a few occasions—such as at the end of the Symphony No. 31, where the music recalls the horn call heard at the very opening of the work . In sacred vocal music, on the other hand, there are some important exceptional examples, such as Johann Sebastian Bach's Mass in B minor and Mozart's Requiem and Mass in C major, K. 317 . Although other composers were already using this technique, it is Beethoven's example that really popularised cyclic form for subsequent Romantic composers . In the Fifth Symphony, a large part of the scherzo movement is recalled to end the finale's development section and lead into the recapitulation; the Ninth Symphony's finale rapidly presents explicit reminiscences of the three preceding movements before discovering the idea that is to be its own principal theme; while both the Piano Sonata Op. 101 and Cello Sonata Op. 102 No. 2 similarly recall earlier movements before their finales. Many composers in the nineteenth century followed Beethoven's lead. In the 1820s, both Franz Schubert and the young Felix Mendelssohn wrote numerous important cyclic works: Schubert, in the Wanderer Fantasy (1822) created a "4-in-1" double-function design that would leave its mark decades later on Liszt, while Mendelssohn, in such works as the Octet (1825) and String Quartet No. 2 (1827) created highly integrated musical forms that proved influential for later Romantic composers . Another significant model was given by Hector Berlioz in his programmatic Symphonie fantastique of 1830, whose "idée fixe" serves as a cyclic theme throughout the five movements. By the 1840s, the technique is already quite established, being found in several works by Robert Schumann, Fanny Hensel, Niels Gade, Franz Berwald, and the earliest compositions of César Franck . Mid-century, Franz Liszt in works such as the B minor Piano Sonata (1853) did a lot to popularize the cyclic techniques of thematic transformation and double-function form established by Schubert and Berlioz. Liszt's sonata begins with a clear statement of several thematic units and each unit is extensively used and developed throughout the piece. By late in the century, cyclic form had become an extremely common principle of construction, most likely because the increasing length and complexity of multiple-movement works demanded a unifying method stronger than mere key relation. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Vincent d'Indy, a pupil of Franck, promoted the use of the term "cyclic" to describe the technique . The term is more debatable in cases where the resemblance is less clear, such as in the works of Beethoven, who used very basic fragments. Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 is an example of cyclic form in which a theme is used throughout the symphony, but with different orchestration. The "short-short-short-long" four-note motive is embedded in each movement. Examples Examples of cyclic works from the classical era and afterwards are: Joseph Haydn Symphony No. 31: material from start of first movement recalled at the end of the finale Symphony No. 46: material from the menuetto third movement recalled in the finale Ludwig van Beethoven Piano Sonata No. 13 Piano Sonata No. 28 Symphony No. 5: material from scherzo movement recalled in the finale Symphony No. 9: all three movements are briefly revisited in the finale Franz Schubert Divertissement a la Hongroise Wanderer Fantasy: entire piece based on thematic transformation Piano Trio No. 2: materials from the second movement recalled in the finale Felix Mendelssohn Piano Sextet: material from scherzo movement recalled in the finale Octet: material from scherzo movement recalled in the finale, plus allusions to first and second movements Piano Sonata in E, Op. 6: opening of first movement recalled at end of finale String Quartet in A minor, Op. 13: introduction to first movement recalled at end of finale, first movement and second movement recalled during finale. String Quartet in E-flat, Op. 12: first movement recalled in finale Symphony No. 3: thematic transformation across all four movements Hector Berlioz Symphonie Fantastique: "idée fixe" heard in all five movements Harold in Italy: "idée fixe" heard in all four movements Robert Schumann Symphony No. 2 Symphony No. 4: thematic transformation across all four movements Piano Quintet Niels Gade Symphony No. 1: first movement recalled in finale Franz Liszt Sonata in B minor Faust Symphony Saint-Saëns Symphony No. 3: thematic transformation across all four movements Cello Concerto No. 1: two key first movement themes repeated in finale César Franck Symphony in D minor Violin Sonata String Quartet Johannes Brahms Piano Sonata No. 1 Quartet No. 3 Symphony No. 3: The melody opening the first subject in the first movement is recalled in the codas of the first & fourth movements. Clarinet Quintet: The melody opening the first movement is recalled just after the 5th variation in the fourth movement, but in the subdominant. The codas in the first & fourth movements are almost the same, except for how it finally closes (first movement closes with quiet B minor chords while fourth movement closes with a loud one and then a quiet one). Bedřich Smetana Má vlast, cycle of 6 symphonic poems: The opening from the first work Vyšehrad recalled in the second Vltava and the sixth works Blaník, shortly before the latter two end. Anton Bruckner Symphony No. 5 Symphony No. 8 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Symphony No. 4: "motto" of first movement recalled in the finale Manfred Symphony: Material from the beginning of the first movement recalled halfway in the third movement. Material from the ending of the first movement used in the middle section of the second movement, and just before the organ sounds in the fourth movement. Symphony No. 5: "motto" of first movement recalled in all later movements; first movement's first subject recalled in the finale Anton Arensky Piano Trio No. 1: Material opening the first movement recalled shortly before the finale ends. Material in the middle section from the third movement recalled halfway in the finale. Antonín Dvořák Symphony No. 9: the theme of the first movement returns in all four movements Arnold Schoenberg – Violin Concerto, Op. 36 Carlos Chávez Symphony No. 3 Symphony No. 4 Edward Elgar Symphony No. 1: "motto" theme from the 1st movement returns in the scherzo and finale Symphony No. 2: "motto" theme from the 1st movement returns in the slow movement and finale Sergei Rachmaninoff Piano Sonata No. 1 Trio éléguiaque No. 2 Symphony No. 1 Piano Concerto No. 3 George Enescu Chamber Symphony in E major, Op. 33 Octet for Strings in C major Piano Quartet No. 1, Op. 16 Piano Quartet No. 2, Op. 30 Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 29 Piano Sonata No. 3, Op. 24, No. 3 String Quartet No. 1, Op. 22, No. 1 String Quartet No. 2, Op. 22, No. 2 Symphony No. 1, Op. 13 Symphony No. 3, Op. 21 Symphony No. 4 Symphony No. 5 Violin Sonata No. 2, Op. 6 Sergei Prokofiev Piano Concerto No. 1: Main opening theme reappears midway and at end of work, differently orchestrated each time Piano Sonata No. 6: Opening from the first movement recalled in the "Andante" in the fourth movement. Symphony No. 6: theme from first movement recalled in the finale Vasily Kalinnikov Symphony No. 2 Dmitri Shostakovich Suite for 2 Pianos in F-sharp minor, Op. 6 Suite for Variety Orchestra: Material opening the March is recalled at the very end of the Finale String Quartet No. 8: The "DSCH" motif is used in all four movements as a unifying aspect. Ralph Vaughan Williams A London Symphony (Symphony No. 2) Oboe Concerto Symphony No. 4 Symphony No. 5 Heitor Villa-Lobos Symphony No. 2 Symphony No. 3 (cyclic only with relation to the following Symphony No. 4) Symphony No. 4 Sources Further reading Chusid, Martin. 1964. "Schubert's Cyclic Compositions of 1824". Acta Musicologica 36, no. 1 (January–March): 37–45. Proksch, Bryan. 2006. "Cyclic Integration in the Instrumental Music of Haydn and Mozart." Ph.D. Diss. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Rosen, Charles. 1995. The Romantic Generation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Saffle, Michael. "Liszt's Sonata in B minor: Another Look at the 'Double Function' Question." JALS: The Journal of the American Liszt Society 11 (June): 28–39. Tucker, G. M., and Roger Parker. 2002. "Cyclic Form". The Oxford Companion to Music, edited by Alison Latham. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Vande Moortele, Steven. 2009. Two-dimensional Sonata Form: Form and Cycle in Single-Movement Instrumental Works by Liszt, Strauss, Schoenberg, and Zemlinsky. Leuven: Leuven University Press. Category:Musical form	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Senden The town of Senden is the second-largest town of the district of Neu-Ulm in Bavaria and is located at the border to Baden-Württemberg. The town belongs to the Donau-Iller-Nahverkehrsverbund. Senden's neighbours are Neu-Ulm in the north, Weißenhorn in the east, Vöhringen in the south and Illerkirchberg in the west. Town parts The town parts are Aufheim, Ay, Freudenegg, Hittistetten, Witzighausen and Wullenstetten Politics The Senden town council consists since the election of 2014 of: CSU: 11 seats SPD: 5 seats FWG: 6 seats Greens: 4 seats BISS: 4 seats Economics and infrastructure Traffic Senden lies at the Bundesstraße 28 and at the train line Ulm-Oberstdorf (Illertalbahn). Companies Möbel Inhofer Education Schools Elementary- and Main schools Elementary school Senden (Bürgermeister-Engelhart-Schule) Elementary school Aufheim Elementary school Ay Elementary school Wullenstetten Main school Senden (Rektor-Werner-Ziegler-Schule) Vocational- and technical highschools Urban economics school Senden Special schools Lindenhof-school Senden, private promotion center for mental development Spare time- and sports centres Ice skating rink public lake- and indoor swimming pool several bathing lakes City park with Minigolf International relations Senden is twinned with: Piove di Sacco (Italy). Uffholtz (France, Alsace) Senden in North Rhine Westphalia. Culture Urban cultural events take mainly place in the 2002 opened "Bürgerhaus". Music associations "Dorfmusikanten Aufheim" (village musicians of Aufheim) with their youth band "WITA" "Musikvereinigung Senden-Ay-Oberkirchberg" (united musicians of Senden-Ay-Oberkirchberg) www.musikvereinigung.net "Harmonia Wullenstetten" (harmony of Wullenstetten) Singing associations Choir unity "Concordia" Ay Choir unity "Frohsinn" Aufheim Choir unity "Sängertreu" Senden Choir unity Witzighausen-Hittistetten Church choir Senden (protestantic) Church choir Senden (catholic) References External links www.aufheim.com www.wullenstetten.de Category:Neu-Ulm (district)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Action of 31 January 1748 The Action of 31 January 1748 was a minor naval battle of the War of Austrian Succession between two British Royal naval ships and a French naval ship of the line. The battle ended with the capture of the French ship of the line Le Magnanime. In January 1748, Le Magnanime left Brest for the East Indies. She was partially dismasted in a storm off the coast of Ushant and while limping back to Brest, she was spotted by a British fleet under Edward Hawke. All sail was immediately made; under Captain Robert Harland having at 1 am closed with the chase commenced the action and a running fight of six hours duration ensued. The rear admiral having observed the size of the ship sent the sixty gun ship under Captain Stevens to proceed to the Nottingham'''s assistance. By the time the Portland had arrived up the French ship which proved to be the Magnanime a large class 74 gun ship commanded by the Marquis d'Albert after receiving a few shot from the Portland was forced to strike By the time the Portland had arrived up the French ship which proved to be the Magnanime a large class 74 gun ship commanded by the Marquis d'Albert after receiving a few shot from the Portland was forced to strike. The Magnanime out of a crew of 686 men had 45 killed and 105 wounded; Nottingham had 16 killed and 18 wounded while Portland, catching up and joining the fight an hour later, had only 4 wounded.Magnanime'' being a new ship of less than four years old was added to the British navy under the same name. References Citations Bibliography Category:Conflicts in 1748 Action of 31 January 1748 Category:Naval battles involving Great Britain Category:Naval battles involving France Category:1748 in Europe	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jude Lawson Jude Lawson is a fictional character in the Australian soap opera Home and Away played by actor Ben Steel. He first appeared on-screen during the episode airing on 30 October 2000 and departed on 12 September 2002. Storylines Jude is the elder of two sons born to Jill Lawson (Tracy Mann). After his father walked out on them when he was 12, Jill became obsessed with religion and believed both Jude and his younger brother, Noah (Beau Brady) were possessed by demons. Jude left home at 16 and dropped out of high school. He returned for Noah when he was old enough to take responsibility. Jude began his own cleaning business in order to support them while attending night classes at TAFE in order to achieve a legal degree. Jude is first seen when he plans to start a surf shop only to learn that it has been leased to Alf (Ray Meagher) and Ailsa Stewart (Judy Nunn) as the new diner. Jude meets Ailsa's daughter Shauna Bradley (Kylie Watson) and they begin spending time together. It seems as at first that Shauna is trying to avoid her ex-boyfriend Harry Reynolds (Justin Melvey) but she feels the same as Jude. When Ailsa dies, Jude supports Shauna in her grief. Holly Loader (Clare Flanaghan), Jude's ex-girlfriend arrives in Summer Bay and he is shocked when he learns that She and Noah had slept together while they were going out. Jude is incensed and throws Noah out but later comes to realise that Holly took advantage of Noah and sends her packing. Just as Jude rebuilds his relationship with his brother, Noah descends into alcoholism and Jill returns. Jill tries to influence Hayley Smith (Bec Cartwright) with her beliefs and Jude, Noah and Hayley's guardian Irene Roberts (Lynne McGranger) are concerned. It becomes apparent that Jill is in need of psychological help and Jude and Noah agree to forgive her after she leaves to get help. When Irene is hassled by a group of thugs working for property developer Dennis Scott, Jude steps in and able to fight them off. Jude's quickness with his fists lands him in trouble when he is accused of beating up Kane Phillips (Sam Atwell), one of Shauna's students. Jude is later cleared of any wrongdoing when it emerges Kane's brother, Scott (Nathaniel Dean) is the culprit. After Shauna is kidnapped by Scott, Jude rescues her and he asks her to move in with him. Shauna turns down his offer but proposes to him and he accepts Anna Miller, one of Jude's cleaning employees, dies of cancer and Jude offers her son Seb (Mitch Firth) a place to live. Jude makes another new friend in new counsellor and doctor, Flynn Saunders (Martin Dingle-Wall). When Noah and Seb suspect that Flynn and Shauna are having an affair, Jude is shocked and confronts Flynn. Shauna tells Jude that she made a pass at Flynn and he turned her down. Jude ride off on his motorbike in a rage and crashes, suffering severe injuries. Flynn and trainee doctor, Charlotte Adams (Stephanie Chaves-Jacobsen) battle to save him and are successful. Shauna leaves town and Jude is left feeling down. He makes a pass at Gypsy Nash (Kimberley Cooper), which neither of them take very seriously. When Charlotte becomes Jude's new neighbour, they become very close and he supports her during her trauma with abusive boyfriend Steve Kent and helps Charlotte look after her grandmother, Gladys (Moya O’Sullivan), who is suffering from Alzheimer's. After developing feelings for one another, Jude and Charlotte become a couple and when Charlotte falls pregnant with twins, Jude is shocked. He confides in Noah that he likes Charlotte but doesn't love her. Charlotte is prepared to raise the babies alone until Jude tells her he is committed to her. Charlotte miscarries and the couple hold a memorial service with their friends present. Jude's world is then rocked when Shauna returns to the Bay to help care for Alf, who has recently suffered a heart attack. Jude still realises he has feelings for Shauna and she is still in love with him. Jude breaks the news to Charlotte and an angry Noah and he leaves with Shauna to go to Melbourne. When Charlotte nearly drowns several months later, she sees a vision of Jude under and begins asking for him while in hospital. Josh West (Daniel Collopy), who rescued Charlotte, arranges for a helicopter to fly Jude to the bay. Jude notices Charlotte is suffering from delusions, believing that they are still a couple and the twins are still alive. Jude goes along with this and remains at Charlotte's side, shortly before she dies of complications following her accident. Jude learns that Charlotte has not changed her will following their split and inherits her entire estate including a large sum that one of her patients left her. With Alf's help, Jude uses the funds to finance an orphanage in Vietnam, where Charlotte had planned to go to work before she died. Jude then leaves to return to Shauna in Melbourne. Reception For his portrayal of Jude, Steel was nominated for the "Best New Male Talent" Logie Award in 2001. References Category:Home and Away characters Category:Television characters introduced in 2000 Category:Male characters in television	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of local anesthetics This is a list of local anesthetic agents. Not all of these drugs are still used in clinical practice and in research. Some are primarily of historical interest. See also 4-Aminobenzoic acid Amino amide Amino esters Anesthesia Anesthetic Brachial plexus block Cocaine analogues: local anesthetics Dental anesthesia Dibucaine number Epidural Intravenous regional anesthesia Local anesthesia Local anesthetic with vasoconstrictor Local anesthetic toxicity Methemoglobin Sodium channel blocker Spinal anesthesia Topical anesthesia Veterinary anesthesia References External links Category:Local anesthetics	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Melaleuca ferruginea Melaleuca ferruginea is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to areas near the coast of the Northern Territory in Australia. It grows to tree size, its new bark is reddish-brown and papery, and its flowers are arranged in spikes new the ends of its branches. Description Melaleuca ferruginea grows to a height of with reddish-brown new bark which turns white-brown with age. Its younger branches are densely covered with soft, silky hairs but become glabrous later. The leaves are arranged alternately and are long, wide, with a stalk long. They are linear to sickle-shaped with the end tapering to a point, and they have 5 to 7 parallel veins. The flowers are white and arranged in a spike up to in diameter, usually in the axils of outer leaves, sometimes on the ends of branches, each spike containing 10 to 15 groups of flowers in threes. The petals are more or less circular, in diameter and the stamens are arranged around each flower in five bundles, each containing 5 to 7 stamens. Flowering occurs in spring and is followed by fruit which are woody capsules long and wide. Taxonomy and naming Melaleuca ferruginea was first formally described in 2011 by Lyndley Craven and Ian Cowie in Blumea. The specific epithet (ferruginea) is derived from the Latin ferrugineus meaning "rusty, light reddish brown", referring to the colour of the new bark. Distribution and habitat Melaleuca ferruginea occurs near the coast of the Top End of the Northern Territory usually in places that are regularly flooded such as the margins of billabongs and watercourses. References ferruginea Category:Myrtales of Australia Category:Flora of the Northern Territory Category:Plants described in 2011 Category:Taxa named by Lyndley Craven	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
CX-5 CX-5 or CX5 may refer to: Mazda CX-5, a compact crossover SUV produced by Mazda Thatcher CX5, an American homebuilt aircraft CX5, identifier for Cannabinoid receptor type 2, a G protein-coupled receptor from the cannabinoid receptor family (6724) 1991 CX5, a main-belt minor planet CX5 Division, a division of the Canadian Xtreme Paintball League See also Yamaha CX5M, an MSX-compatible computer made by Yamaha	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Highways in Croatia Highways in Croatia are the main transport network in Croatia. The Croatian classification includes several classes of highways: The main motorways are named A (autocesta) accompanied by one or two digits. By and large they are toll highways with a ticket system. Expressways (brza cesta) are limited-access roads with grade-separated intersections and by and large an increased speed limit without tolling. They are similar to motorways, but aren't always dual carriageway, they have no emergency lanes, and their speed limit is always lower. They either have standalone designations or are parts of major state routes (D), see below. Roads dedicated for motor vehicles (cesta namijenjena isključivo za promet motornih vozila), which is a category for highways which are limited-access roads, usually similar to multiple-lane motorways/expressways, but which may have slow intersections. It has no specific naming convention, only a dedicated traffic sign, and it mainly includes major state routes (D) or portions thereof, see below. An example is the Jadranska Avenue in Zagreb, designated as Ž1040 county road. Other than these, the national road classification includes the following categories which may also be referred to as highways in a general sense, with decreasing order of priority (and applicability of the term highway): State roads, which are marked by letter D (državna cesta) and a single, double or triple digit number. County roads always are marked by letter Ž (županijska cesta) and a four digit number. The lowest classification comprises local roads, marked by letter L (lokalna cesta) and a five digit number. Road operators differ according to the classification system: The designated motorways are operated by four different concessionaires. The state roads are maintained almost exclusively by Hrvatske ceste, while the county and local roads are managed by various county authorities. The road maintenance agencies are governed by various laws issued by the Parliament as well as bylaws issued by the Ministry of Transport. Motorways The primary high-speed motorways are called autoceste (; singular: autocesta), and they are defined as roads with at least three lanes in each direction (including hard shoulder) and a speed limit of not less than . They are marked with a special road sign, similar to the road sign depicting a motorway/autoroute/autobahn in other parts of Europe.. The Croatian motorway (autocesta) network is long. Motorways in Croatia are defined by the Ministry of Sea, Transport and Infrastructure. The same applies to names of the motorway interchanges and rest areas. History A major reason for the motorway construction "mania" of the 2000s (decade) is a previous political halt of the major Croatian highway project, today's A1, in the 1970s and 1980s under former Yugoslavia. When Croatia declared independence in 1991, the only true motorways in the country were Zagreb–Karlovac (the northernmost part of today's A1) and Zagreb-Slavonski Brod (the central part of today's A3), the latter being part of the highway "Bratstvo i jedinstvo". The dream to connect the two largest Croatian cities Zagreb and Split with a motorway (autocesta) went back to the times of the Croatian Spring. However, the construction of this project had not happened during Yugoslav period. In 2005, the Zagreb-Split route was constructed. In addition, the A1 was extended towards Dubrovnik (currently at Ploče), and the A3 was extended so it connects Zagreb to Croatian borders with both Serbia (near Lipovac) and Slovenia (near Bregana). There is also a motorway from Zagreb to Rijeka, the A6, as well as the A4 motorway from Zagreb to the northeast (Hungarian border) as well as the A2 motorway from Zagreb to the northwest (Slovenian border). The A9 between Pula and the Slovenian border is also largely completed. The construction of additional motorways has noticeably slowed in the 2010s, but it continues. , the A8–Kanfanar-Rijeka, the remaining part of the Istrian Y–is being upgraded from semi-highway status. The other motorways are in various early stages of development, coming up to a total of 11 motorway routes. The A1 is considered unfinished as it is planned to be extended from Ploče to Dubrovnik, but the status is unclear because of the Neum enclave of Bosnia and Herzegovina. List of motorways Motorway sections under construction Planned motorway sections Expressways There is a wide variety of types of expressways in Croatia, in terms of number of lanes, accessibility and types of intersections comprised. They range from four lane expressways with grade-separated intersections and limited access - distinguished from the motorways by lack of emergency lanes only - to four or six lane urban expressways with numerous at-grade intersections and traffic lights or two lane limited access roads with grade separated intersections. The expressways include both incomplete motorways, built in stages, and some state roads (with either limited access, more than two traffic lanes, grade-separated intersections or any combination thereof). There are even some instances of county roads which may be regarded expressways such as Jadranska Avenue (Ž1040). As a rule, the expressways are not tolled, however major tunnels on the expressways are tolled. List of completed expressways State roads State roads are defined by legislation as important routes for road traffic between various parts of the country. Classification of a road as a state road does not describe actual conditions of the road itself. State roads in Croatia are assigned one, two or three digit numbers which generally comply with the following pattern (although there are some exceptions to the rules): 1-19 are assigned to trunk roads, normally of considerable length, spanning between borders of various neighboring countries. An obvious exception to this is the D9 state road however it spans from Bosnia and Herzegovina border and the Adriatic Sea, along the southernmost portion of Pan-European Corridor Vc. 20-99 are assigned to arterial roads on the mainland. 100s are assigned to island roads 200s are assigned to border crossing access roads. 300s are assigned to junction roads, connecting towns or cities (but not other state roads) to motorways or other major roads. Notable exceptions to this are D307 and D310 state roads, although the D307 originally did not connect to the D29, but only to the A2 motorway. 400s are assigned to mainland port and airport access roads. 500s are assigned to connecting roads, connecting two different state roads. Notable exceptions to this rule are the D503 which connects to a port and the D516 which connects to a border crossing checkpoint. At the moment the state roads in Croatia have a combined length of . D1 - D14 D20 - D77 D100 - D128 Tolls Tolls are charged on seven stretches of Croatian motorways, along with some other roads. There are two toll collection systems in Croatia: the open and the closed system. Open system is used on some bridges and tunnels and short stretches of tolled highway. In this system, there is only one toll plaza and drivers immediately pay the toll upon arriving. See also Transport in Croatia Hrvatske autoceste Autocesta Rijeka - Zagreb BINA Istra Autocesta Zagreb - Macelj Hrvatske ceste List of controlled-access highway systems Evolution of motorway construction in European nations Maps References External links HUKA - Croatian Association of Toll Motorways Concessionaires Exit lists of autoceste	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Canadian Natural Resources Canadian Natural Resources Limited, or CNRL or Canadian Natural, is a company engaged in hydrocarbon exploration primarily in Western Canada, the United Kingdom sector of the North Sea, and offshore Côté d'Ivoire and Gabon. The company is headquartered in Calgary, Alberta. The company has the largest undeveloped base in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. It is the largest independent producer of natural gas in Western Canada and the largest producer of heavy crude oil in Canada. The company is ranked 342nd on the Forbes Global 2000. Current operations As of December 31, 2018, the company had proved reserves of , of which 63% were synthetic crude. The company also owns two operated pipeline systems, an electricity cogeneration facility, and a 50% interest in the North West Redwater Partnership. In 2018, the company averaged production of per day, of which 76% was petroleum and natural gas liquids and 24% was natural gas. In 2018, production came as follows: Synthetic crude from oil sands mining in Northern Alberta - 39% of production. Natural gas, primarily produced in Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan - 24% of production Light and medium crude oil and natural gas liquids - 13% of production Bitumen - 10% of production Primary heavy crude oil - 8% of production Pelican Lake heavy crude oil - 6% of production The company's largest operation is the Horizon Oil Sands project which is north of Fort McMurray, Alberta. It includes a surface oil sands mining and bitumen extraction plant and bitumen upgrading with associated infrastructure. The company sanctioned the Horizon Oil Sands Project in February 2005 and it began production in early 2009. History The company was founded in 1973. In 1998, the company sold land to Remington Energy for C$127.5 million. In 1999, the company and Penn West Petroleum (now Obsidian Energy) acquired the Canadian assets of BP Amoco. In 2000, the company acquired Ranger Oil for C$1.08 billion. In 2002, the company acquired Rio Alto for $2.4 billion. In February 2004, the company acquired Petrovera Resources, a joint venture between Encana and ConocoPhillips. In September 2006, the company acquired the Canadian operations of Anadarko Petroleum for US$4.1 billion. In April 2014, the company acquired the conventional assets in Canada of Devon Energy for C$3.125 billion. In 2017, the company acquired the Canadian oil sands assets of Royal Dutch Shell, including a 70% working interest in the Athabasca Oil Sands Project, for $5.3 billion in cash plus 97,560,975 shares. The shares were sold in 2018. In August 2018, the company acquired the idled Joslyn oil sands project from Total S.A. and its partners. In September 2018, the company acquired Laricina Energy for $46 million. In June 2019, the company acquired the remaining assets in Canada of Devon Energy. Accidents In June 2013, the Alberta Energy Regulator investigated reports of leaks in the company's Primrose East oil sands project. The regulator concluded that nearly a million litres of bitumen mixed with water had seeped into the ground around the site. In April 2014, a pipeline owned by the company spilled 70,000 liters of oil and processed water northwest of Slave Lake, Alberta. In November 2014, a pipeline owned by the company spilled almost 60,000 liters of crude oil into a muskeg region 27 kilometers from Red Earth Creek, Alberta. See also Petroleum industry in Canada Environmental issues in Alberta Western Canadian Select References External links Category:Oil companies of Canada Category:Natural gas companies of Canada Category:Companies based in Calgary Category:Energy companies established in 1973 Category:Non-renewable resource companies established in 1973 Category:Natural resources organizations Category:Canadian brands Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange Category:Companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange Category:S&P/TSX 60 Index	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
WVNH WVNH (91.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Christian radio format. Licensed to Concord, New Hampshire, United States, the station serves the Concord and Franklin areas. The station is currently owned by New Hampshire Gospel Radio, Inc. Programming is simulcast on WANH (88.3 FM) in Meredith, serving the Lakes Region. The licensee for WVNH and WANH is New Hampshire Gospel Radio, Inc. The board of directors are; John Loker; George Dykstra, Treasurer; Peter J. Stohrer, Technical Director; Marcy Alves; Gail Holder; John Donovan, President; Judy Mason, Vice President; Janice Cyr, Secretary/Station Manager/Director; Tom Marsh, Certified Public Accountant; and Roy McCandless, Attorney at Law. The studios for New Hampshire Gospel Radio (NHGR) are located at 37 Redington Rd. in Concord. Translators In addition to the main station, WVNH is relayed by several broadcast translators to widen its broadcast area. History The station was assigned call sign WQFB on November 15, 1991. On November 1, 1992, the station changed its call sign to WVNH. It took to the air on March 7, 1999; on July 1, 2009, WANH began broadcasting. References External links VNH Category:Religious radio stations in the United States Category:Radio stations established in 1999 Category:Concord, New Hampshire Category:Moody Radio affiliate stations Category:1999 establishments in New Hampshire	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Center Township, Vanderburgh County, Indiana Center Township is one of eight townships in Vanderburgh County, Indiana, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 39,007 and it contained 16,306 housing units. Center Township was organized in 1843. History The Hooker-Ensle-Pierce House, McJohnston Chapel and Cemetery, and Charles Sweeton House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Geography According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 98.71%) is land and (or 1.29%) is water. Cities and towns Darmstadt (south edge) Evansville (north portion) Highland (CDP) Melody Hill (CDP) Unincorporated towns Country Club Meadows Erskine Station Harwood Knob Hill Kratzville Lakewood Hills McCutchanville Mechanicsville Adjacent townships Vanderburgh County Scott Township (north) Knight Township (southeast) Perry Township (southwest) Pigeon Township (southwest) German Township (west) Warrick County Campbell Township (east) Cemeteries The township contains these eight cemeteries: Bethlehem, Campground, Locust Hill, Mount Carmel, Oak Ridge, Rose Hill, Saint Peters and Sunset Memorial Gardens. Airports and landing strips Evansville Dress Regional Airport Skylane Airport School district history As Center Township is part of Vanderburgh County, all students attend schools in the Evansville-Vanderburgh School Corporation. Center Township Schools, late 1800s #1: Stringtown School: NW c. Stringtown & Mill Rds. #2: Mt. Pleasant School: NW c. Mt. Pleasant & Old State Rds. (consolidated into Highland School 1923) #3: McCutchanville School: c. Whetstone & Petersburg Rds. (consolidated into Oak Hill School, 1966, re-purposed). #4: Lynch School: c. of Oak Hill & Lynch Rds. (consolidated into Oak Hill School, 1957, re-purposed) #5: Highland School: NE c. Kratzville & Darmstadt Rd./First Ave. #6: Union School: Darmstadt Rd. opposite Mohr Rd. (consolidated into Highland School, 1923) #7: Hooker School: NW c. Oak Hill & Whetstone Rds. (consolidated into McCutchanville School, 1918) #8 Kansas: NE c. Kansas & Green River Rds. (consolidated into McCutchanville School, 1918) #9 Hornby/Erskine Station: NE c. Petersburg Rd. and US 41 (consolidated into McCutchanville School, 1918) #10 Kratzville: NW c. Kratzville & Mill Rds. (consolidated into Highland School, 1923) #11 Harwood/First Ave.: First Ave. N of Lohoff (consolidated into Cedar Hall School, 2011, re-purposed) In 1918 and 1923, some township schools were consolidated into McCutchanville and Highland Schools, respectively (Lynch and Stringtown Schools remained open). In 1957, Lynch School was consolidated into the new Oak Hill School (grades K-5 only), with McCutchanville School being consolidated into Oak Hill School and closed in 1966 when the grade 6-8 addition to Oak Hill was finished. Central High School moved from downtown Evansville to northern First Avenue/Darmstadt Road in 1973. 1984's reorganization changed a K-8 system into a K-5/6-8 system, while 2011 gave students the relocation of North High School and construction of North Junior High School far north of the city of Evansville, at the intersection of US 41 and Inglefield Rd. (Scott Township). Currently, Stringtown and Highland Elementary Schools (K-5) feed into Thompkins Middle School (6-8), and Harwood district's students attend Cedar Hall School (K-8), with all attending Central High School. East of US 41, students now attend Oak Hill, Vogel or Scott Elementary (K-6), then North Junior High School and North High School. Political districts Indiana's 8th congressional district State House District 75 State House District 78 State Senate District 49 State Senate District 50 References United States Census Bureau 2007 TIGER/Line Shapefiles IndianaMap External links Indiana Township Association United Township Association of Indiana Category:Townships in Vanderburgh County, Indiana Category:Townships in Indiana	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Diaptomidae Diaptomidae is a family of freshwater pelagic copepods. It includes around 50 genera: Acanthodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 Aglaodiaptomus Light, 1938 Allodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 Arctodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 Argyrodiaptomus Brehm, 1933 Aspinus Brandorff, 1973 Austrinodiaptomus Reid, 1997 Calchas Brehm, 1949 Calodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 Camerundiaptomus Dumont & Chiambeng, 2002 Colombodiaptomus Gaviria, 1989 Copidodiaptomus Kiefer, 1968 Dactylodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 Dasydiaptomus Defaye & Dussart, 1993 Dentodiaptomus Shen & Tai, 1964 Diaptomus Westwood, 1836 Dolodiaptomus Shen & Tai, 1964 Dussartius Kiefer, 1978 Eodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 Eudiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 Filipinodiaptomus Mamaril & Fernando, 1978 Gigantodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 Hadodiaptomus Brancelj, 2005 Heliodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 Hemidiaptomus G. O. Sars, 1903 Hesperodiaptomus Light, 1938 Idiodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 Keraladiaptomus Santos Silva, Kakkassery, Mass & Dumont, 1994 Leptodiaptomus Light, 1938 Ligulodiaptomus Shen & Tai, 1962 Mastigodiaptomus Light, 1939 Megadiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 Metadiaptomus Methuen, 1910 Microdiaptomus Osorio-Tafall, 1942 Mixodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 Mongolodiaptomus Kiefer, 1937 Nannodiaptomus Dang & Ho, 2001 Natrodiaptomus Stella, 1984 Neodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 Neutrodiaptomus Kiefer, 1937 Nordodiaptomus M. S. Wilson, 1951 Notodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 Occidodiaptomus Borutzky in Borutsky, Stepanova & Kos, 1991 Odontodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 Onychodiaptomus Light, 1939 Paradiaptominae Kiefer, 1932 Paradiaptomus Daday, 1910 Phyllodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 Prionodiaptomus Light, 1939 Pseudolovenula Marukawa, 1921 Rhacodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 Scolodiaptomus Reid, 1987 Sinodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 Skistodiaptomus Light, 1939 Spelaeodiaptomus Dussart, 1970 Speodiaptomus Borutzky, 1962 Spicodiaptomus Rajendran, 1973 Stygodiaptomus Petkovski, 1981 Thermodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 Troglodiaptomus Petkovski, 1978 Tropodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 Tumeodiaptomus Dussart, 1979 Vietodiaptomus Dang, 1977 References Category:Calanoida	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jack Richardson (chemical engineer) John Francis "Jack" Richardson OBE (29 July 1920 – 4 January 2011) was a UK chemical engineering academic, notable for his research into multiphase flow and rheology, but best known for a series of textbooks. Life Richardson was born 29 July 1920 in Palmers Green, London, and achieved a first class BSc (Eng) in chemical engineering at Imperial College, London, in 1941 and a PhD at the same institution in 1949. He joined the academic staff and rose to Senior Lecturer. In 1946 he was one of the founder members of the Society for International Folk Dancing, along with Joan White, whom he married in 1955. They were married until his death. He continued in dancing despite the loss of a leg in 1979. In 1960 he was appointed Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering at University College Swansea, where he remained till his retirement in 1987. In 1969 he was awarded the Arnold Greene Medal of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, and he was its President from 1975 to 1976. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering. He was awarded the OBE in the 1981 New Year Honours List for services to industry via his work on various government and other committees. Richardson died on 4 January 2011. Publications A full list was published in Chemical Engineering Research and Design in 2006. Richardson's first paper was on the fire hazards of liquid methane and further papers on fire hazards followed until 1952 when he began to move into multi-phase flow (particularly gas–liquid flows) and rheology which became his main focus: his research was honoured in two issues of Chemical Engineering Research and Design. He co-wrote a textbook on chemical engineering with John Coulson (published in 1954), which developed into an established series of six texts now known as Coulson & Richardson's Chemical Engineering. (He and Coulson were largely responsible for the contents of the first two volumes: they were editors but not prime authors for the rest of the series of six volumes.) He continued editing the series after the death of Coulson in 1990. 1999 Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering, Volume 1, 6th edition, J.M. Coulson and J.F. Richardson, Butterworth-Heinemann. 2001 Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering. Solutions to the Problems in Volume 1, (with J.R. Backhurst and J.H. Harker), Butterworth-Heinemann. 2002 Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering, Volume 2, 5th, edition, J.M. Coulson and J.F. Richardson, Butterworth-Heinemann. References External links Obituary in The Telegraph Category:1920 births Category:2011 deaths Category:Engineering academics Category:British chemical engineers Category:Rheologists Category:British textbook writers Category:Academics of Imperial College London Category:Academics of Swansea University Category:Alumni of Imperial College London Category:Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tara Springett Tara Springett (born on the 21/11/1960) is a Buddhist therapist, teacher and author of self-help books. Early life Springett grew up as the second child of four born to middle-class German parents. She attended a grammar school in Germersheim, Rheinland-Pfalz. Personal and spiritual growth In her youth, Springett embarked on a quest for self-improvement and spiritual development. First she immersed herself in Western approaches such as psychotherapy and bioenergetics, the latter initiating a Kundalini process in her energy system that has been active until the present day. At the age of 24, her journey led to a Tibetan Buddhist Centre in Heidelberg, Germany. She describes the occasion as being "love at first sight" and was the start of wholehearted lifelong commitment to Tibetan Buddhism. She started to meditate daily and spent most of her vacations in intensive meditation retreats. A key influential teacher for Springett was Rigdzin Shikpo who, in turn, had been one of the first Western students of Chogyam Trungpa. Rigdzin Shikpo’s teachings stressed the importance of the heart centre in developing love and compassion. Springett’s main teacher is Garchen Rinpoche, one of the main tulkus of the Drikung Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism. Professional life Springett graduated from the University of Heidelberg with a master's degree in Education and later gained postgraduate qualifications in Gestalt therapy, Hakomi therapy and Transpersonal therapy. The first four years of her career Springett taught German to foreigners because this left her plenty of time to spend in Buddhist retreats. At the age of 30 she started working as an addiction counsellor and later as a counsellor for adolescents. She also saw clients in her private counselling practice and at first specialised in eating disorders. Later she branched out to work with psychological and relationship problems more generally. In 1996 Springett’s Buddhist teachers encouraged her to work as a Buddhist meditation teacher and Tara started to run meditation groups in an ongoing way. From 2001 onwards, Springett's work has been featured in the media: local and national newspapers; national television; national and international radio; and online journals along with other published books. For example, Lora Starling explored Springett's approach to healing with symbols in her book "The Logo Decoded". Examples of Springett's web presence are her regular publications online. Discovery of higher-consciousness healing Springett deeply wished that one day she would find a simple and clear method that people can use to overcome their own personal problems reliably and thoroughly. In 1997 her wishes were fulfilled with the discovery of Higher-Consciousness Healing. Springett recalls her breakthrough moment of discovery in the following way. "I was sitting in the shrine room of my Buddhist teacher trying to listen to his talk. I could not concentrate, because I was inwardly struggling with a painful feeling of sadness that had been with me for many years. As I had often done before, I prayed for help and – lo and behold! – this time, my prayer was answered. Suddenly, the method [of Higher Consciousness Healing] …just "popped up" in my mind. It was so clear and detailed that I assumed I had read it somewhere and was just remembering it." From that point, Springett spent the next few years working on the method. In 2010, her teacher Garchen Rinpoche approved the practice of Higher Consciousness Healing according to Springett's Web site. Whilst completely in keeping with Tibetan Buddhism, the method is universal in its appeal and can be practised by individuals of all faiths and convictions, even atheists. As Springett had wished, the method has proved highly efficient and effective in addressing all manner of personal problems. In fact, Springett claims that she had never worked with a client who did not achieve significant improvements with their problems within a matter of weeks. She explained the method in her first book Symbol Therapy (2001) and in The Five-Minute Miracle (2009). Subsequent themes in her writing As a body of writing, Springett’s work can be seen as making certain aspects of Tibetan Buddhism accessible and workable for contemporary, spiritually-inclined audiences. One example theme is that of manifesting wishes. To this topic, she brings the Buddhist-inspired idea of combining our wishes with altruistic motivation as a way of ensuring the wish is both meaningful and will have the individual’s energies maximally aligned to it. Her book Make Your Dreams Come True (2002) describes how to establish an altruistic motivation and how to deal with obstacles such as setbacks, resentments and the frustrations of an extended waiting time. This book was completely re-written and published with the title Advanced Manifesting – Tibetan Buddhist Secrets for Fulfilling Your Dreams in 2011. A third theme is highlighted in the title of her third book Soulmate Relationships (2003, 2012). In keeping with a Buddhist perspective, Springett emphasises the crucial importance of the mutual wish to grow in love as the foundation of a soulmate relationship. She also explains the working of the Buddhist idea of karma in an intimate relationship – a dynamic she calls "The law of an even deal". This law suggests that couple relationships can often be unbalanced in terms of the contributions made by each partner and that this lack of balance are at the basis of all relationship problems. Her perspective is, however, ultimately an optimistic one in that she claims that partners can learn to work positively with this law and other relationship dynamics. More recently, in releasing "Enlightenment through the Path of Kundalini", Springett writes about the core spiritual development dynamic (Kundalini) that has been active in her energy system for many decades. The book explains the process partly through the words of the Tibetan Buddhist deity Tara and through descriptions of her client work with people suffering from the symptoms of Kundalini syndrome. Books Symbol Therapy: Use Your Inner Wisdom to Solve Your Physical and Emotional Problems, Piatkus, September, 2001 (HC) (PB) Make Your Dreams Come True: 8 Steps to Making Your Dreams Come True, Piatkus, October, 2002 (HC) (PB) Soulmate Relationships: Understand, Find and Keep Your Perfect Partner, Piatkus, May, 2003 and Little, Brown March 2012, (HC) (PB) The Five-Minute Miracle: Discover the personal healing symbols that will solve your problems, Redwheel, Weiser, December, 2009 (HC) (PB) Advanced Manifesting: Tibetan Buddhist Secrets For Fulfilling Your Dreams, Higher Consciousness Publishing, 2011 (PB) Enlightenment Through the Path of Kundalini, Higher Consciousness Publishing, July, 2014, (PB) Spiritual Joy: The Buddhist Dzogchen Path to Enlightenment, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (June 5, 2015) (HC) (PB) References Category:1960 births Category:German Buddhists Category:Living people	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town is an album by country music artist Emmylou Harris, released in 1978. The album reached number 3 on the Billboard charts, with three charting singles: "To Daddy" (written by Dolly Parton) at #3, "Two More Bottles of Wine" at #1 (the third #1 of Harris' career), and "Easy from Now On" (co-written by Carlene Carter, and the song from which the album's title comes) at #12. Also featured are "One Paper Kid", a duet with Willie Nelson, and "Leaving Louisiana in the Broad Daylight", which the Oak Ridge Boys would reach #1 with in 1980. The painting used for the album cover is by Susanna Clark. Track listing Personnel Brian Ahern - Acoustic Guitar, 12-String Guitar, Gut-String Guitar, Percussion, Baby Bottle Dianne Brooks - Backing Vocals James Burton - Electric Guitar Rodney Crowell - Acoustic Guitar, Electric Guitar Rick Danko - Fiddle, Backing Vocals Hank DeVito - Pedal Steel Emory Gordy, Jr. - Bass Glen Hardin - Piano, Electric Piano, String Arrangements Emmylou Harris - Vocals, Acoustic Guitar Garth Hudson - Accordion, Baritone Saxophone Nicolette Larson - Backing Vocals Albert Lee - Acoustic Guitar, Electric Guitar, Piano, Mandolin Willie Nelson - Duet Vocals Mickey Raphael - Harmonica Ricky Skaggs - Fiddle, Viola John Ware - Drums, Percussion Technical Brian Ahern - Producer, Engineer Donivan Cowart - Engineer Bradley Hartman - Engineer Michael Hollyfield - design Ed Thrasher - photography References Emmylou Harris Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town liner notes Category:Emmylou Harris albums Category:1978 albums Category:Albums produced by Brian Ahern (producer) Category:Warner Records albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
A Wonderful Life (album) The singer/songwriter, Lara Fabian's second English album and sixth studio album, A Wonderful Life was released in June 2004. In France, the album sold an estimated 82,000 copies. "A Wonderful Life" was Fabian's last album under her contract with Sony Records and she subsequently left the company. The album consists mostly of acoustic-influenced pop tracks. Fabian had been offered and turned down, the track "Review My Kisses" before it was recorded by US country music star LeAnn Rimes for her 2002 album "Twisted Angel". However Fabian was so impressed with Rimes' performance that she decided to record it herself. Track listing Charts Release history References Category:2004 albums Category:Lara Fabian albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Chevalier Sivaji Ganesan Award for Excellence in Indian Cinema The Chevalier Sivaji Ganesan Award for Excellence in Indian Cinema is given by STAR Vijay as part of its annual Vijay Awards ceremony for Excellence in Indian Cinema, which nowadays has become a prestigious award The list Here is a list of the award winners and the films for which they won. Tamil cinema Cinema of India References Chevalier Sivaji Ganesan Award for Excellence in Indian Cinema	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
April 2 Events 1513 – Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León first sights land in what is now the United States state of Florida. 1755 – Commodore William James captures the Maratha fortress of Suvarnadurg on west coast of India. 1792 – The Coinage Act is passed establishing the United States Mint. 1800 – Ludwig van Beethoven leads the premiere of his First Symphony in Vienna. 1800 – The Treaty of Constantinople establishes the Septinsular Republic, the first autonomous Greek state since the Fall of the Byzantine Empire. 1801 – French Revolutionary Wars: The British capture the Danish fleet. 1851 – Rama IV is crowned King of Thailand. 1863 – American Civil War: The largest in a series of Southern bread riots occurs in Richmond, Virginia. 1865 – American Civil War: Defeat at the Third Battle of Petersburg forces the Army of Northern Virginia and the Confederate government to abandon Richmond, Virginia. 1885 – Canadian Cree warriors attack the village of Frog Lake, killing nine. 1900 – The United States Congress passes the Foraker Act, giving Puerto Rico limited self-rule. 1902 – Dmitry Sipyagin, Minister of Interior of the Russian Empire, is assassinated in the Marie Palace, Saint Petersburg. 1902 – "Electric Theatre", the first full-time movie theater in the United States, opens in Los Angeles. 1911 – The Australian Bureau of Statistics conducts the country's first national census. 1912 – The ill-fated begins sea trials. 1917 – World War I: United States President Woodrow Wilson asks the U.S. Congress for a declaration of war on Germany. 1921 – The Autonomous Government of Khorasan, a military government encompassing the modern state of Iran, is established. 1930 – After the mysterious death of Empress Zewditu, Haile Selassie is proclaimed emperor of Ethiopia. 1956 – As the World Turns and The Edge of Night premiere on CBS. The two soaps become the first daytime dramas to debut in the 30-minute format. 1972 – Actor Charlie Chaplin returns to the United States for the first time since being labeled a communist during the Red Scare in the early 1950s. 1973 – Launch of the LexisNexis computerized legal research service. 1975 – Vietnam War: Thousands of civilian refugees flee from Quảng Ngãi Province in front of advancing North Vietnamese troops. 1976 – Prince Norodom Sihanouk resigns as leader of Cambodia and is placed under house arrest. 1979 – A Soviet bio-warfare laboratory at Sverdlovsk accidentally releases airborne anthrax spores, killing 66 plus an unknown amount of livestock. 1980 – United States President Jimmy Carter signs the Crude Oil Windfall Profits Tax Act. 1982 – Falklands War: Argentina invades the Falkland Islands. 1986 – Alabama governor George Wallace, a former segregationist, best known for the "Stand in the Schoolhouse Door", announces that he will not seek a fifth four-year term and will retire from public life upon the end of his term in January 1987. 1989 – Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev arrives in Havana, Cuba, to meet with Fidel Castro in an attempt to mend strained relations. 1989 – ASUS corporation was founded. 1991 – Rita Johnston becomes the first female Premier of a Canadian province when she succeeds William Vander Zalm (who had resigned) as Premier of British Columbia. 1992 – In New York, Mafia boss John Gotti is convicted of murder and racketeering and is later sentenced to life in prison. 1992 – Forty-two civilians were massacred in the town of Bijeljina in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2002 – Israeli forces surround the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem into which armed Palestinians had retreated. 2004 – Islamist terrorists involved in the 11 March 2004 Madrid attacks attempt to bomb the Spanish high-speed train AVE near Madrid; the attack is thwarted. 2006 – Over 60 tornadoes break out in the United States; Tennessee is hardest hit with 29 people killed. 2012 – A mass shooting at Oikos University in California leaves seven people dead and three injured. 2014 – A spree shooting occurs at the Fort Hood army base in Texas, with four dead, including the gunman, and 16 others injured. 2015 – Gunmen attack Garissa University College in Kenya, killing at least 148 people and wounding 79 others. 2015 – Four men steal items worth up to £200 million from an underground safe deposit facility in London's Hatton Garden area in what has been called the "largest burglary in English legal history." Births 742 – Charlemagne, Frankish king (d. 814) 1473 – John Corvinus, Hungarian noble (d. 1504) 1545 – Elisabeth of Valois (d. 1568) 1565 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (d. 1599) 1586 – Pietro Della Valle, Italian traveler (d. 1652) 1602 – Mary of Jesus of Ágreda, Franciscan abbess (d. 1665) 1618 – Francesco Maria Grimaldi, Italian mathematician and physicist (d. 1663) 1647 – Maria Sibylla Merian, German-Dutch botanist and illustrator (d. 1717) 1653 – Prince George of Denmark (d. 1708) 1696 – Francesca Cuzzoni, Italian operatic soprano (d. 1778) 1719 – Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim, German poet (d. 1803) 1725 – Giacomo Casanova, Italian explorer and author (d. 1798) 1788 – Francisco Balagtas, Filipino poet and author (d. 1862) 1788 – Wilhelmine Reichard, German balloonist (d. 1848) 1789 – Lucio Norberto Mansilla, Argentinian general and politician (d. 1871) 1792 – Francisco de Paula Santander, Colombian general and politician, 4th President of the Republic of the New Granada (d. 1840) 1798 – August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, German poet and academic (d. 1874) 1805 – Hans Christian Andersen, Danish novelist, short story writer, and poet (d. 1875) 1814 – Henry L. Benning, American general and judge (d. 1875) 1814 – Erastus Brigham Bigelow, American inventor (d. 1879) 1827 – William Holman Hunt, English soldier and painter (d. 1910) 1835 – Jacob Nash Victor, American engineer (d. 1907) 1838 – Léon Gambetta, French lawyer and politician, 45th Prime Minister of France (d. 1882) 1840 – Émile Zola, French novelist, playwright, journalist (d. 1902) 1841 – Clément Ader, French engineer, designed the Ader Avion III (d. 1926) 1842 – Dominic Savio, Italian Catholic saint, adolescent student of Saint John Bosco (d. 1857) 1861 – Iván Persa, Slovenian priest and author (d. 1935) 1862 – Nicholas Murray Butler, American philosopher and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1947) 1869 – Hughie Jennings, American baseball player and manager (d. 1928) 1875 – Walter Chrysler, American businessman, founded Chrysler (d. 1940) 1875 – William Donne, English cricketer and captain (d. 1942) 1884 – J. C. Squire, English poet, author, and historian (d. 1958) 1891 – Jack Buchanan, Scottish entertainer (d. 1957) 1891 – Max Ernst, German painter, sculptor, and poet (d. 1976) 1891 – Tristão de Bragança Cunha, Indian nationalist and anti-colonial activist from Goa (d. 1958) 1896 – Johnny Golden, American golfer (d. 1936) 1898 – Harindranath Chattopadhyay, Indian poet, actor and politician (d. 1990) 1898 – Chiungtze C. Tsen, Chinese mathematician (d. 1940) 1900 – Roberto Arlt, Argentinian journalist, author, and playwright (d. 1942) 1900 – Anis Fuleihan, Cypriot-American pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1970) 1900 – Alfred Strange, English footballer (d. 1978) 1902 – Jan Tschichold, German-Swiss graphic designer and typographer (d. 1974) 1903 – Lionel Chevrier, Canadian lawyer and politician, 27th Canadian Minister of Justice (d. 1987) 1906 – Alphonse-Marie Parent, Canadian priest and educator (d. 1970) 1907 – Harald Andersson, American-Swedish discus thrower (d. 1985) 1907 – Luke Appling, American baseball player and manager (d. 1991) 1908 – Buddy Ebsen, American actor and dancer (d. 2003) 1910 – Paul Triquet, Canadian general, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1980) 1910 – Chico Xavier, Brazilian spiritual medium (d. 2002) 1914 – Alec Guinness, English actor (d. 2000) 1919 – Delfo Cabrera, Argentinian runner and soldier (d. 1981) 1920 – Gerald Bouey, Canadian lieutenant and civil servant (d. 2004) 1920 – Jack Stokes, English animator and director (d. 2013) 1920 – Jack Webb, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1982) 1922 – John C. Whitehead, American banker and politician, 9th United States Deputy Secretary of State (d. 2015) 1923 – Gloria Henry, American actress 1923 – Johnny Paton, Scottish footballer, coach, and manager (d. 2015) 1923 – G. Spencer-Brown, English mathematician, psychologist, and author (d. 2016) 1924 – Bobby Ávila, Mexican baseball player (d. 2004) 1925 – George MacDonald Fraser, Scottish author and screenwriter (d. 2008) 1925 – Hans Rosenthal, German radio and television host (d. 1987) 1926 – Jack Brabham, Australian race car driver (d. 2014) 1926 – Rudra Rajasingham, Sri Lankan police officer and diplomat (d. 2006) 1927 – Carmen Basilio, American boxer and soldier (d. 2012) 1927 – Howard Callaway, American soldier and politician, 11th United States Secretary of the Army (d. 2014) 1927 – Rita Gam, American actress (d. 2016) 1927 – Billy Pierce, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2015) 1927 – Kenneth Tynan, English author and critic (d. 1980) 1928 – Joseph Bernardin, American cardinal (d. 1996) 1928 – Serge Gainsbourg, French singer-songwriter, actor, and director (d. 1991) 1928 – Roy Masters, English-American radio host 1928 – David Robinson, Northern Irish horticulturist and academic (d. 2004) 1929 – Ed Dorn, American poet and educator (d. 1999) 1930 – Roddy Maude-Roxby, English actor 1931 – Vladimir Kuznetsov, Russian javelin thrower (d. 1986) 1932 – Edward Egan, American cardinal (d. 2015) 1933 – György Konrád, Hungarian sociologist and author 1934 – Paul Cohen, American mathematician and theorist (d. 2007) 1934 – Brian Glover, English wrestler and actor (d. 1997) 1934 – Carl Kasell, American journalist and game show host (d. 2018) 1934 – Richard Portman, American sound engineer (d. 2017) 1934 – Dovid Shmidel, Austrian-born Israeli rabbi 1936 – Shaul Ladany, Serbian-Israeli race walker and engineer 1937 – Dick Radatz, American baseball player (d. 2005) 1938 – John Larsson, Swedish 17th General of The Salvation Army 1938 – Booker Little, American trumpet player and composer (d. 1961) 1938 – Al Weis, American baseball player 1939 – Marvin Gaye, American singer-songwriter (d. 1984) 1939 – Anthony Lake, American academic and diplomat, 18th United States National Security Advisor 1939 – Lise Thibault, Canadian journalist and politician, 27th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec 1940 – Donald Jackson, Canadian figure skater and coach 1940 – Mike Hailwood, English motorcycle racer (d. 1981) 1940 – Penelope Keith, English actress 1941 – Dr. Demento, American radio host 1941 – Sonny Throckmorton, American country singer-songwriter 1942 – Leon Russell, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 2016) 1942 – Roshan Seth, Indian-English actor 1943 – Michael Boyce, Baron Boyce, South African-English admiral and politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 1943 – Caterina Bueno, Italian singer (d. 2007) 1943 – Larry Coryell, American jazz guitarist (d. 2017) 1943 – Antonio Sabàto, Sr., Italian actor 1944 – Bill Malinchak, American football player 1945 – Jürgen Drews, German singer-songwriter 1945 – Guy Fréquelin, French race car driver 1945 – Linda Hunt, American actress 1945 – Reggie Smith, American baseball player and coach 1945 – Don Sutton, American baseball player and sportscaster 1945 – Anne Waldman, American poet 1946 – Richard Collinge, New Zealand cricketer 1946 – David Heyes, English politician 1946 – Sue Townsend, English author and playwright (d. 2014) 1946 – Kurt Winter, Canadian guitarist and songwriter (d. 1997) 1947 – Paquita la del Barrio, Mexican singer-songwriter 1947 – Tua Forsström, Finnish writer 1947 – Emmylou Harris, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1947 – Camille Paglia, American author and critic 1948 – Roald Als, Danish author and illustrator 1948 – Dimitris Mitropanos, Greek singer (d. 2012) 1948 – Daniel Okrent, American journalist and author 1948 – Joan D. Vinge, American author 1949 – Paul Gambaccini, American-English radio and television host 1949 – Bernd Müller, German footballer 1949 – Pamela Reed, American actress 1949 – David Robinson, American drummer 1950 – Lynn Westmoreland, American politician 1951 – Ayako Okamoto, Japanese golfer 1952 – Lennart Fagerlund, Swedish cyclist 1952 – Will Hoy, English race car driver (d. 2002) 1952 – Leon Wilkeson, American bass player and songwriter (d. 2001) 1953 – Jim Allister, Northern Irish lawyer and politician 1953 – Rosemary Bryant Mariner, 20th and 21st-century U.S. Navy aviator 1953 – Malika Oufkir, Moroccan Berber writer 1953 – Debralee Scott, American actress (d. 2005) 1953 – James Vance, American author and playwright (d. 2017) 1954 – Gregory Abbott, American singer-songwriter and producer 1954 – Donald Petrie, American actor and director 1955 – Michael Stone, Northern Irish loyalist paramilitary 1957 – Caroline Dean, English biologist and academic 1957 – Hank Steinbrenner, American businessman, co-owner of the New York Yankees 1958 – Stefano Bettarello, Italian rugby player 1958 – Larry Drew, American basketball player and coach 1959 – Gelindo Bordin, Italian runner 1959 – David Frankel, American director, producer, and screenwriter 1959 – Juha Kankkunen, Finnish race car driver 1959 – Yves Lavandier, French director and producer 1959 – Badou Ezzaki, Moroccan footballer and manager 1960 – Linford Christie, Jamaican-English sprinter 1960 – Brad Jones, Australian race car driver 1960 – Pascale Nadeau, Canadian journalist 1961 – Buddy Jewell, American singer-songwriter 1961 – Christopher Meloni, American actor 1961 – Keren Woodward, English singer-songwriter 1962 – Pierre Carles, French director and producer 1962 – Billy Dean, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1962 – Clark Gregg, American actor 1963 – Karl Beattie, English director and producer 1963 – Mike Gascoyne, English engineer 1964 – Pete Incaviglia, American baseball player and coach 1964 – Jonathon Sharkey, American wrestler 1965 – Rodney King, American victim of police brutality (d. 2012) 1966 – Bill Romanowski, American football player and actor 1966 – Teddy Sheringham, English footballer and coach 1967 – Greg Camp, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1967 – Phil Demmel, American guitarist and songwriter 1969 – Ajay Devgan, Indian actor, director, and producer 1971 – Edmundo Alves de Souza Neto, Brazilian footballer 1971 – Jason Lewry, English cricketer 1971 – Todd Woodbridge, Australian tennis player and sportscaster 1972 – Remo D'Souza, Indian choreographer and dancer 1972 – Calvin Davis, American sprinter and hurdler 1972 – Zane Lamprey, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1973 – Dmitry Lipartov, Russian footballer 1973 – Roselyn Sánchez, Puerto Rican-American actress 1973 – Aleksejs Semjonovs, Latvian footballer 1974 – Tayfun Korkut, Turkish football manager and former player 1975 – Randy Livingston, American basketball player 1975 – Katrin Rutschow-Stomporowski, German rower 1976 – Andreas Anastasopoulos, Greek shot putter 1976 – Rory Sabbatini, South African golfer 1976 – Pattie Mallette, Canadian author and film producer 1977 – Per Elofsson, Swedish skier 1977 – Michael Fassbender, German-Irish actor and producer 1977 – Hanno Pevkur, Estonian lawyer and politician, Estonian Minister of Justice 1978 – Scott Lynch, American author 1978 – Ethan Smith, American actor, director, and producer 1979 – Jesse Carmichael, American keyboard player 1980 – Avi Benedi, Israeli singer and songwriter 1980 – Adam Fleming, Scottish journalist 1980 – Gavin Heffernan, Canadian director and screenwriter 1980 – Ricky Hendrick, American race car driver (d. 2004) 1980 – Wairangi Koopu, New Zealand rugby league player 1980 – Carlos Salcido, Mexican footballer 1981 – Michael Clarke, Australian cricketer 1981 – Kapil Sharma, Indian stand-up comedian, television presenter and actor 1982 – Marco Amelia, Italian footballer 1982 – Jeremy Bloom, American football player and skier 1982 – Jack Evans, American wrestler 1982 – David Ferrer, Spanish tennis player 1983 – Yung Joc, American rapper 1983 – Maksym Mazuryk, Ukrainian pole vaulter 1984 – Engin Atsür, Turkish basketball player 1984 – Nóra Barta, Hungarian diver 1984 – Jérémy Morel, French footballer 1985 – Thom Evans, Zimbabwean-Scottish rugby player 1985 – Stéphane Lambiel, Swiss figure skater 1986 – Ibrahim Afellay, Dutch footballer 1986 – Andris Biedriņš, Latvian basketball player 1986 – Lee DeWyze, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1987 – Pablo Aguilar, Paraguayan footballer 1987 – Marc Pugh, English footballer 1988 – Jesse Plemons, American actor 1990 – Yevgeniya Kanayeva, Russian gymnast 1990 – Miralem Pjanić, Bosnian footballer 1991 – Quavo, American rapper 1997 – Dillon Bassett, American racing driver 1997 – Abdelhak Nouri, Dutch footballer Deaths 870 – Æbbe the Younger, Frankish abbess 872 – Muflih al-Turki, Turkish general 968 – Yuan Dezhao, Chinese chancellor (b. 891) 991 – Bardas Skleros, Byzantine general 1118 – Baldwin I, king of Jerusalem 1244 – Henrik Harpestræng, Danish botanical and medical author 1272 – Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, English husband of Sanchia of Provence (b. 1209) 1335 – Henry of Bohemia (b. 1265) 1412 – Ruy González de Clavijo, Spanish explorer and author 1416 – Ferdinand I, king of Aragon (b. 1379) 1502 – Arthur, prince of Wales (b. 1486) 1507 – Francis of Paola, Italian friar and saint, founded the Order of the Minims (b. 1416) 1511 – Bernard VII, Lord of Lippe, German nobleman (b. 1428) 1640 – Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski, Polish author and poet (b. 1595) 1657 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1608) 1657 – Jean-Jacques Olier, French priest, founded the Society of Saint-Sulpice (b. 1608) 1672 – Pedro Calungsod, Filipino missionary and saint (b. 1654) 1672 – Diego Luis de San Vitores, Spanish Jesuit missionary (b. 1627) 1720 – Joseph Dudley, English politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (b. 1647) 1742 – James Douglas, Scottish physician and anatomist (b. 1675) 1747 – Johann Jacob Dillenius, German-English botanist and mycologist (b. 1684) 1754 – Thomas Carte, English historian and author (b. 1686) 1787 – Thomas Gage, English general and politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (b. 1719) 1791 – Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, French journalist and politician (b. 1749) 1801 – Thomas Dadford, Jr., English engineer (b. 1761) 1803 – Sir James Montgomery, 1st Baronet, Scottish judge and politician (b. 1721) 1817 – Johann Heinrich Jung, German author and academic (b. 1740) 1827 – Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus, German physician and educator (b. 1776) 1845 – Philip Charles Durham, Scottish admiral and politician (b. 1763) 1865 – A. P. Hill, American general (b. 1825) 1872 – Samuel Morse, American painter and academic, invented the Morse code (b. 1791) 1891 – Albert Pike, American lawyer and general (b. 1809) 1891 – Ahmed Vefik Pasha, Greek playwright and politician, 249th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1823) 1894 – Achille Vianelli, Italian painter and academic (b. 1803) 1896 – Theodore Robinson, American painter and academic (b. 1852) 1914 – Paul Heyse, German author, poet, and translator, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830) 1917 – Bryn Lewis, Welsh international rugby player (b.1891) 1923 – Topal Osman, Turkish colonel (b. 1883) 1928 – Theodore William Richards, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1868) 1930 – Zewditu I of Ethiopia (b. 1876) 1933 – Ranjitsinhji, Indian cricketer (b. 1872) 1936 – Jean Baptiste Eugène Estienne, French general (b. 1860) 1942 – Édouard Estaunié, French novelist (b. 1862) 1948 – Sabahattin Ali, Turkish journalist, author, and poet (b. 1907) 1953 – Hugo Sperrle, German field marshal (b. 1885) 1966 – C. S. Forester, English novelist (b. 1899) 1972 – Franz Halder, German general (b. 1884) 1972 – Toshitsugu Takamatsu, Japanese martial artist and educator (b. 1887) 1974 – Georges Pompidou, French banker and politician, 19th President of France (b. 1911) 1977 – Walter Wolf, German academic and politician (b. 1907) 1987 – Buddy Rich, American drummer, songwriter, and bandleader (b. 1917) 1989 – Manolis Angelopoulos, Greek singer (b. 1939) 1992 – Juanito, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1954) 1992 – Jan van Aartsen, Dutch politician (b. 1909) 1994 – Betty Furness, American actress, consumer advocate, game show panelist, television journalist and television personality (b. 1916) 1994 – Marc Fitch, British historian and philanthropist (b. 1908) 1995 – Hannes Alfvén, Swedish physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1908) 1997 – Tomoyuki Tanaka, Japanese director and producer (b. 1910) 1998 – Rob Pilatus, American-German singer-songwriter (b. 1965) 2001 – Charles Daudelin, Canadian sculptor and painter (b. 1920) 2002 – Levi Celerio, Filipino composer and songwriter (b. 1910) 2002 – John R. Pierce, American engineer and author (b. 1910) 2003 – Edwin Starr, American singer-songwriter (b. 1942) 2004 – John Argyris, Greek computer scientist, engineer, and academic (b. 1913) 2005 – Lillian O'Donnell, American crime novelist (b. 1926) 2005 – Pope John Paul II (b. 1920) 2006 – Lloyd Searwar, Guyanese anthologist and diplomat (b. 1925) 2007 – Henry L. Giclas, American astronomer and academic (b. 1910) 2008 – Yakup Satar, Turkish World War I veteran(b. 1898) 2009 – Albert Sanschagrin, Canadian bishop (b. 1911) 2009 – Bud Shank, American saxophonist and flute player (b. 1926) 2010 – Chris Kanyon, American wrestler (b. 1970) 2011 – John C. Haas, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1918) 2012 – Jesús Aguilarte, Venezuelan captain and politician (b. 1959) 2012 – Elizabeth Catlett, American-Mexican sculptor and illustrator (b. 1915) 2012 – Mauricio Lasansky, American graphic designer and academic (b. 1914) 2013 – Fred, French author and illustrator (b. 1931) 2013 – Jesús Franco, Spanish director, screenwriter, producer, and actor (b. 1930) 2013 – Milo O'Shea, Irish-American actor (b. 1926) 2014 – Glyn Jones, South African actor and screenwriter (b. 1931) 2014 – Urs Widmer, Swiss author and playwright (b. 1938) 2015 – Manoel de Oliveira, Portuguese actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1908) 2015 – Robert H. Schuller, American pastor and author (b. 1926) 2015 – Steve Stevaert, Belgian businessman and politician, Governor of Limburg (b. 1954) 2016 – Gallieno Ferri, Italian comic book artist and illustrator (b. 1929) 2016 – Robert Abajyan, Armenian sergeant (b. 1996) Holidays and observances Christian feast day: Abundius of Como Amphianus of Lycia Æbbe the Younger Bronach of Glen-Seichis (Irish martyrology) Francis of Paola Francisco Coll Guitart Henry Budd (Anglican Church of Canada) Nicetius of Lyon Pedro Calungsod Theodosia of Tyre Urban of Langres April 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) International Children's Book Day (International) Thai Heritage Conservation Day (Thailand) Unity of Peoples of Russia and Belarus Day (Belarus) World Autism Awareness Day (International) Bibliography References External links BBC: On This Day Today in Canadian History Category:Days of the year Category:April	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Scriptlet In JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology, a scriptlet is a piece of Java-code embedded in the HTML-like JSP code. The scriptlet is everything inside the <% %> tags. Between these the user can add any valid Scriptlet i.e. any valid Java Code. In AppleScript, a scriptlet is a small script. In Windows, a scriptlet is COM component including a HTML code and a script which may be written in a variety of scripting languages. In the RPM package management system, a scriptlet is a script embedded in the SPEC file. References See also Category:Java enterprise platform	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Keble Howard Keble Howard was the pen name of John Keble Bell (8 June 1875 – 29 March 1928). He was an English writer and journalist, who wrote a large number of novels, short stories, sketches and plays, mainly light comic pieces, often depicting suburban life. One contemporary literary commentator described Howard as "a highly successful novelist and a moderately successful playwright". Life John Keble Bell was born in Basingstoke in 1875, the third of the twelve children of the Reverend George Edward Bell. Soon after his birth, his father was appointed Vicar of Henley-in-Arden, Warwickshire and it was here that John grew up. He studied at Worcester College, Oxford University, with the intention of becoming a clergyman. He however became disillusioned with the Church and, not attending his final year due to lack of funds, finally failed his degree. He then briefly worked as a schoolmaster before becoming a journalist. After short spells on the Bicester Advertiser and the Press Association, in 1899 he joined The Sketch, a weekly magazine covering high society, fashion and theatre, working first as assistant editor then, from 1902, as editor. In 1904 he moved from The Sketch to the Daily Mail to act as dramatic critic, leaving in 1908 to concentrate on writing and the theatre. He however continued to contribute a weekly column to The Sketch under the heading Motley Notes, his final piece appearing on 14 March 1928, two weeks before his death. He had been a published author of novels and short stories since 1901, with his first play in 1906. He wrote under the name 'Keble Howard', so as not to be confused with his brother, R. S Warren Bell who also worked as a journalist and writer. He often used 'Keble Howard' for other business matters, but never formally changed his name. Howard was involved in the production of his plays, both in the West End and touring, and sometimes acted in them. Martha Plays the Fairy (1907) Charles, his Friend (1907) The Dramatist at Home (1909) Come Michaelmas (1909) The Girl Who Could Not Lie (1911) The Embarrassed Butler (1912) Dropping the Pilot (1913) The Cheerful Knave (1914) The Green Flag (1915) The Test Kiss (1918) Lazy Lubin (in America) (1920) Sweet William (1921) The Smiths of Surbiton (1922) Puss in the Corner (1923) An Order to View (1923) All in Train (1924) Lord Babs (1925) Film adaptations A number of films have been made based on the novels and plays of Keble Howard. The God in the Garden (1921) Miss Charity (1921) King of the Castle (1926) Lord Babs (1932) The Fast Lady (1963) Notes and References External links Plays by Keble Howard on Great War Theatre Category:1875 births Category:1928 deaths Category:English dramatists and playwrights Category:20th-century British dramatists and playwrights Category:20th-century English writers Category:English humorists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Laha language Laha (Chinese: 拉哈, Vietnamese: La Ha) is a Kra language spoken by approximately 1,400 people out of a total population of 5,686 Laha. It is spoken in Lào Cai and Sơn La provinces, Vietnam. Laha dialects had been documented in 1986 by Russian linguists and in 1996 by American linguist Jerold A. Edmondson. Many Laha can also converse in the Khmu language, and Laha-speaking areas also have significant Black Thai (Tai Dam), Kháng, Ksongmul (Ksingmul, Xinh-mun), and Hmong populations. Ostapirat (2000) considers the Laha dialects to form a subgroup of their own (Southern Kra) within the Kra branch. Geographic distribution Gregerson & Edmondson (1997) and Wardlaw (2000) report the following locations of two Laha dialects, namely the Wet Laha and Dry Laha dialects. Wet Laha (Laha Ung, ) of Lào Cai and Lai Châu Tà Mít Commune, Tân Uyên, Lai Châu, Vietnam (just north of the Black River) — known as the "Wet Laha". Edmondson's informant is from Bản Muot Village, Tà Mít Commune (Edmondson & Gregerson 1997). There are 8 Laha villages numbering no more than 1,000 people in Than Uyên District, Lai Châu, Vietnam. Pha Mu Commune, Than Uyên and Nặm Cần Commune, Tân Uyên, Lai Châu Dry Laha (Laha Phlao) of Sơn La — around the Sông Đà and Nậm Mu Rivers Noong Lay and Nặm Ét Communes, Thuận Châu, Sơn La, Vietnam (just south of the Black River; in Bản Muot, etc.) — known as the "Dry Laha" Chiền Xòm, Liềp Tè, Noong Giông, and Nặm Ét in Sơn La Nặm Giôn, Chiền Xàng, Chiền Dong, Pi Toong, and Mường Bú of Mường La District, Sơn La Province. Laha of Nà Tạy, Pi Toong commune is documented in Hsiu (2017). Thuận Châu, Mường La, Quỳnh Nhai districts of Sơn La Province Bản Bung and Phù Yên near Sơn La Province on the north bank of the Black River See also Laha people References Benedict, Paul K. 1992. "Laha Reexamined." In Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, 15, no. 2: 207-218. Diller, Anthony, Jerold A. Edmondson, and Yongxian Luo ed. The Tai–Kadai Languages. Routledge Language Family Series. Psychology Press, 2008. Gregerson, Kenneth and Jerold A. Edmondson. 1997. "Outlying Kam-Tai: Notes On Ta Mit Laha." In the Mon-Khmer Studies Journal, 27: 257-269. Ostapira, Weera. 1995. "Notes on Laha final -l". In Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 173–181. Wardlaw, Terrance Randall. A phonological comparison between two varieties of Laha: Syllable constituents and tone in Ta Mit and Noong Lay Laha. M.A. Thesis, The University of Texas at Arlington, 2000. External links ABVD: Laha (Ta Mit) word list https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230717/http://cema.gov.vn/modules.php?name=Content&op=details&mid=512 Category:Kra languages Category:Languages of China Category:Languages of Vietnam	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Irreversible binomial In linguistics and stylistics, an irreversible binomial, (frozen) binomial, binomial pair, binomial expression, (binomial) freeze, or nonreversible word pair is a pair or group of words used together in fixed order as an idiomatic expression or collocation. The words belong to the same part of speech, have some semantic relationship, and are usually connected by the words and or or. The term "irreversible binomial" was introduced by Yakov Malkiel in 1954, though various aspects of the phenomenon had been discussed since at least 1903 under different names: a "terminological imbroglio". Ernest Gowers used the name Siamese twins (i.e., conjoined twins) in the 1965 edition of Fowler's Modern English Usage. The 2015 edition reverts to the scholarly name, "irreversible binomials", as "Siamese twins" had become offensive. Many irreversible binomials are catchy due to alliteration or rhyming, and many have become ubiquitous clichés or catchphrases. Phrases like rock and roll, the birds and the bees, mix and match, and wear and tear have meanings beyond those of the constituent words and are thus inseparable and permanent parts of the English lexicon; the former two are idioms, whilst the latter two are collocations. Ubiquitous collocations like loud and clear and life or death are fixed expressions, making them a standard part of the vocabulary of native English speakers. The order of elements cannot be reversed. They may be composed of various parts of speech: milk and honey (two nouns), short and sweet (two adjectives), and do or die (two verbs). Some English words have become obsolete in general but are still found in an irreversible binomial. For example, spick in spick and span is a fossil word that never appears outside the phrase. Some other words, like vim in vim and vigor or abet in aid and abet, have become rare and archaic outside the collocation. Some irreversible binomials are used in legalese. Due to the use of precedent in common law, many lawyers use the same collocations found in documents centuries old, many of which are legal doublets of two synonyms, often one of Old English origin, the other of Latin origin: deposes and says, heirs and successors. While many irreversible binomials are literal expressions (like washer and dryer, rest and relaxation, rich and famous, savings and loan), some are entirely figurative (like come hell or high water, nip and tuck, surf and turf) or mostly figurative (like between a rock and a hard place, five and dime). Others are somewhat in between these extremes because they are more subtle figures of speech, synecdoches, metaphors, or hyperboles (like cat and mouse, sick and tired, barefoot and pregnant, rags to riches). The terms are often the targets of eggcorns, malapropisms, mondegreens, and folk etymology. Some irreversible binomials have variations: time and time again is frequently shortened to time and again; a person who is covered in tar and feathers (noun) usually gets that way by the action of a mob that tars and feathers (verb) undesirable people. The precise wording may change the meaning. A give and take is mutual flexibility, while give or take is a numerical approximation. A person can do something whether it is right or wrong in contrast to knowing the difference between right and wrong; each word pair has a subtly differing meaning. And while five and dime is a noun phrase for a low-priced variety store, nickel and dime is a verb phrase for penny-pinching. Structure The words in an irreversible binomial belong to the same part of speech, have some semantic relationship, and are usually connected by and or or. They are often near-synonyms or antonyms, alliterate, or rhyme. Examples below are split into various tables; some may belong in more than one table but are listed only once. With opposites and antonyms addition and subtraction assets and liabilities back and forth balls and strikes beginning to end black and white big and small boys and girls bride and groom brother and sister butt and pass buy and sell catch and release cause and effect church and state cops and robbers come and go coming and going cowboys and Indians days and nights deep and wide dos and don'ts dusk till dawn ebb and flow fire and ice first and last floor to ceiling food and drink fore and aft foreign and domestic forward and backward friend or foe front to back fruits and vegetables give and take good and evil hail and farewell hand and foot head over heels Heaven and Hell here and there hide and seek hill and dale him and her high and low hills and valleys his and hers hither and thither hither and yon hot and cold hurry up and wait husband and wife in and out ladies and gentlemen land and sea life or death long and short lost and found love and hate love and war man and wife mom and pop naughty or nice near and far night and day (difference) nip and tuck north to south now and then now and later on and off open and shut over and under park and ride pen and ink port and starboard pros and cons rank and file rise and fall savings and loan in sickness and in health soap and water start to finish strike and dip sweet and sour stop and go the quick and the dead thick and thin tip and ring to and fro top to bottom town and country up and down ups and downs uptown and downtown victory and defeat war and peace washer and dryer wax and wane yes and no With related words and synonyms ages and generations aid and comfort body and soul born and raised/bred bright and early brick and mortar by hook or by crook cheek by jowl clean and tidy chapter and verse (this) day and age dot the i's and cross the t's fear and loathing first and foremost hail and farewell hand over fist haughty and high minded head and shoulders heart and soul herbs and spices house and home hunger and thirst leaps and bounds like father, like son like mother, like daughter neat and tidy six of one,half a dozen of the other nook and cranny null and void over and done with pain and suffering peace and quiet pick and choose (on) pins and needles plain and simple prim and proper rocks and shoals nickel and dime dollars and cents rant and rave shock and awe signs and wonders skull and bones skull and crossbones strait and narrow stress and strain ticks and chiggers whine and complain wind and rain yea and amen With alliteration bag and baggage baubles and beads beams and balance bed and breakfast belt and braces big and bad the birds and the bees bish bash bosh black and blue bold and beautiful bootleggers and Baptists boxers or briefs bread and butter bull and boar cash and carry chalk and cheese cliques and clans command and control cookies and cream deaf and dumb (between the) devil and the deep blue sea dine and dash down and dirty dribs and drabs drink and drive drunk and disorderly Dungeons and Dragons fast and furious feast or famine fire and faggot fire and fury fit in or fuck off flip-flop flora and fauna footloose and fancy-free forgive and forget form and function footloose and fancy free friend or foe fun and frolics fur and feathers ghosts and goblins grins and giggles guys and gals to have and to hold hearth and home hem and haw hoot and holler Jew and Gentile juking and jiving king and country kit and caboodle kith and kin last but not least latitude and longitude Lend-Lease life and limb live and learn lock and load love it or leave it mix and match meek and mild name and number part and parcel peas in a pod pen and pencil pen(cil) and paper pig in a poke pillar to post pots and pans publish or perish rags to riches ranting and raving read and write ready to rumble rest and relaxation (R&R/R'n'R) (without) rhyme or reason right and wrong rock and roll rough and ready rules and regulations safe and secure safe and sound shot and shell shower and shave signs and symptoms slip and slide spick and span spit and shine Stars and Stripes sticks and stones sugar and spice this or that tic-tac-toe tit for tat top and tail toss and turn trick or treat trials and tribulations tried and tested tried and true truck and trailer wash and wear watching and waiting weep and wail wet and wild whooping and hollering wild and wooly wise and wonderful witches and warlocks wrack and ruin With rhymes and similar-sounding words break and take box and cox chalk and talk charts and darts chips and dip double trouble even Steven fender bender five and dime flotsam and jetsam no fuss, no muss handy-dandy harum-scarum helter skelter high and dry hire and fire hit it and quit hither and thither hocus pocus hoi polloi hoity toity hot to trot huff and puff hustle and bustle lap and gap lean, mean, fightin' machine lick 'em and stick 'em lout and proud mean, green, fightin' machine meet and greet motor voter my way or the highway namby-pamby name and shame name it and claim it near and dear never, ever nitty gritty odds and sods onwards and upwards orgy porgy out and about out and proud pell-mell pump and dump rough and tough shout and clout saggy baggy shake and bake slowly but surely smoke and joke son of a gun stash and dash stop and drop so far, so good surf and turf time and tide town and gown use it or lose it wake and bake wear and tear weed and feed wham, bam, thank you, ma'am willy nilly wine and dine yea or nay (the) yeas and (the) nays Legal terminology Known as legal doublets, there are many collocations and merisms which are repetitively used in a legal or official context. Many of these can be found in legal documents dating back centuries; their habitual use has been decried by some legal scholars as superfluous in modern legal briefs. There are also legal triplets, which are listed below in their own section. accord and satisfaction aid and abet all and sundry acknowledge and confess alter or change appropriate and proper armed and dangerous assault and battery bind and obligate breaking and entering by and between butts and bounds care and attention cease and desist covenant and agree death and dismemberment deem and consider demise and lease depose and say due and payable eastings and northings expressed or implied final and conclusive fit and proper free and clear from now and henceforth full faith and credit furnish and supply goods and chattels have and hold heirs and successors high crimes and misdemeanors hue and cry indemnify and hold harmless infangthief and outfangthief keep and perform kind and nature legal and valid let or hindrance lewd and lascivious conduct liens and encumbrances make and enter into marque and reprisalmetes and bounds mind and memory No quarter. No mercy. null and void over and above perform and discharge power and authority profit and loss sac and soc sale or transfer search and seizure signed and sealed sole and exclusive successor and assigns terms and conditions toll and team true and correct waif and stray Conjunction The most common conjunctions in an irreversible binomial are and or or. With "and" as the conjunction above and beyond airs and graces alarm and muster alive and kicking alive and well an arm and a leg armed and dangerous apples and oranges back and fill back and forth bacon and eggs bangers and mash bait and switch bait and tackle (old) ball and chain barefoot and pregnant bargain and sale beck and call bells and whistles belt and suspenders big and bold big and tall binge and purge bit and bridle bits and bobs bits and pieces block and tackle blood and guts blood and gore bob and weave bow and arrow bound and determined bound and gagged bow and scrape brace and bit bread and water bread and circuses bread and roses brown and serve bump and grind by and large by guess and by golly cap and gown car and driver cat and mouse checks and balances chop and change clean and sober cloak and dagger coat and tie coffee and doughnuts cock-and-bull crash and burn cream and sugar crime and punishment cup and saucer cut and dried (dry) cut and paste cut and run dandelion and burdock day and night dead and buried dead and gone death and taxes divide and conquer dog and pony show down and out duck and cover duck and dive each and every eyes and ears far and wide fast and furious fast and loose fine and dandy fingers and thumbs fire and brimstone fish and chips (by) fits and starts flesh and blood flesh and bone forever and a day forever and ever front and center fun and games fuss and bother goals and aspirations good and plenty goodness and light hale and hearty hard and fast ham and eggs hammer and nail hammer and sickle hammer and tongs hearts and minds here and now hide and watch high and mighty high and dry high and tight hit and run hit it and quit it hither and yon hither and thither home and hosed home and dry hook and eye hook and loop horse and buggy horse and carriage hot and heavy hot and high hot and bothered hugs and kisses (XOXO) (for all) intents and purposes kippers and custard kiss and tell kiss and makeup kith and kin knife and fork lakes and streams last will and testament law and order lo and behold lock and dam lock and key look and feel loud and clear make do and mend man and boy meat and potatoes men and women milk and honey mortise and tenon name and address names and faces nice and easy nook and cranny noughts and crosses nuts and bolts odds and ends off and away once and for all out and about over and out peaches and cream Ps and Qs peanut butter and jelly peas and carrots pestle and mortar pickles and ice cream pick and axe piss and vinegar prize and booty pork and beans pure and simple quick and dirty rack and pinion rack and ruin raining cats and dogs rape and pillage research and development (R&D) rhythm and blues (R&B) rich and famous rise and shine (between a) rock and a hard place room and board rough and tumble run and jump (all's) said and done salt and pepper scratch and sniff search and rescue seek and destroy shirt and tie short and fat short and sweet short and stout show and tell shuck and jive sick and tired slash and burn slings and arrows slip and fall slow and steady skin and bone(s) smash and grab smoke and mirrors snakes and ladders socks and shoes song and dance sound and fury (in) spirit and (in) truth spit and polish stand and deliver stress and strain suave and debonair suit and tie sunshine and rainbows supply and demand sweetness and light a swing and a miss sword and sandal tables and chairs tall and thin tar(red) and feather(ed) tar and feathers tea and crumpets (through) thick and thin thunder and lightning tits and ass to and fro tooth and nail touch and go track and field trial and error tuck and roll up and about vim and vigor wait and see warm and fuzzy warp and woof ways and means weak and girlish whinge and whine wine and roses words and phrases X's and O's yes and no a year and a day With "or" or "nor" as the conjunction all or nothing better or worse big or small black or white business or pleasure the chicken or the egg day or night dead or alive do or die fight or flight (neither) fish nor fowl give or take good or bad gentle or simple he or she heads or tails (come) hell or high water (neither) here nor there (neither) hide nor hair his or her hit or miss (not one) jot or tittle kill or cure kill or be killed (neither) love nor money make or break more or less now or never put up or shut up rain or shine rhyme or reason right or wrong sink or swim sooner or later take it or leave it two or more up or down (neither) use nor ornament victory or death win or lose yes or no With no conjunction hoity toity hunter gatherer People and fictional characters Abbott and Costello Adam and Eve Antony and Cleopatra Ant & Dec Batman and Robin Bert and Ernie Bonnie and Clyde Cain and Abel Flanders and Swann French and Saunders Gilbert and Sullivan Jacob and Esau "Jack and Jill" Laurel and Hardy Lennon and McCartney Lewis and Clark Mel and Sue Morecambe and Wise Mork and Mindy Penn & Teller Pinky & The Brain Ren & Stimpy Rodgers and Hart Rodgers and Hammerstein Romeo and Juliet Sonny & Cher Tom & Jerry Tristan and Isolde Tim & Eric Vic & Bob Rhyming slang Adam and Eve apples and pears bottle and glass Brahms and Liszt dog and bone frog and toad hand and blister north and south rabbit and pork tit for tat trouble and strife two and eight whistle and flute Variants Irreversible binomials are sometimes isocolons (bicolons, tricolons, etc.) which have become set phrases. They may also be called simply binomials. With three words, they may be called trinomials, and may satisfy the rule of three in writing. Common trinomials Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob animal, vegetable, or mineral beans, bullets, and bandages beg, borrow, or steal bell, book, and candle blood, sweat, and tears calm, cool, and collected Coffee, tea, or me? could've, would've, should've Eagle, Globe, and Anchor bird, ball, and chain ear, nose, and throat eat, drink, and be merry fat, dumb, and happy Father, Son, and Holy Ghost fear, uncertainty, and doubt fraud, waste, and abuse friends, Romans, countrymen (do not) fold, spindle, or mutilate Get it? Got it? Good. gold, silver, and bronze good, bad, and indifferent the good, the bad, and the ugly Guns, Germs, and Steel hand, foot, and mouth healthy, wealthy, and wise here, there, and everywhere hook, line, and sinker lather, rinse, repeat lie, cheat, or steal lights, camera, action location, location, location win, place, or show hop, skip, and a jump I came, I saw, I conquered (no) ifs, ands, or buts judge, jury, and executioner left, right and center life, liberty, and property lock, stock, and barrel mad, bad, and dangerous me, myself, and I nasty, brutish, and short Planes, Trains, and Automobiles (neither) rain, nor sleet, nor snow reading, writing and 'rithmetic ready, willing, and able red, white, and blue sex, drugs, and rock 'n' roll Shake, Rattle, and Roll short and sweet and to the point slips, trips, and falls small, medium, and large stop, drop, and roll stop, look, and listen soup, soap, and salvation sugar and spice and everything nice tall, dark, and handsome this, that, and the other Tom, Dick, and Harry up, down, and sideways way, shape, or form whats, whys, and wherefores win, lose, or draw Legal triplets cancel, annul, and set aside convey, transfer, and set over give, devise, and bequeath grant, bargain, sell name, constitute, and appoint ordered, adjudged, and decreed remise, release, and forever quit claim rest, residue, and remainder right, title, and interest signed, sealed, and delivered See also Collocation Fossil word Hendiadys Hendiatris Isocolon Meme Merism Phraseme Set phrase Word order Anastrophe Notes References Bibliography Sarah Bunin Benor, Roger Levy, "The Chicken or the Egg?: A Probabilistic Analysis of English Binomials", Language 82:2:233-278 (June 2006) full text Ourania Hatzidaki, "Binomials and the Computer: a Study in Corpus-Based Phraseology", ALLC/ACH Conference, University of Glasgow, July 2000 abstract Category:English language Category:Idioms	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Galeria Inno Galeria Inno is a department store chain that operates 16 stores in Belgium. It was founded in 1897 in Brussels as A l'Innovation. Since 2001, the chain has been owned by the Galeria Kaufhof group, which was subsequently acquired by Hudson's Bay Company in 2015. References External links Category:Retail companies of Belgium Category:Companies based in Brussels	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The World Outside (Eyes Set to Kill album) The World Outside is the second full-length album by American rock band Eyes Set to Kill. The album was released on June 2, 2009. The album leaked on May 17. Craig Mabbitt has been confirmed to be a guest vocalist on the song "Deadly Weapons". Alexia Rodriguez stated that this album is "a lot darker." Track listing Singles "Heights" is the lead single of the album, and was released June 2, 2009. The music video was posted on May 27, 2009. The music video was directed by Black Fawn Films' Chad Archibald in Los Angeles. "The World Outside" is the second single of the album. It was released September 3, 2009. The band posted the video in their MySpace's Profile and YouTube Channel. The zombies of music video are 28 Weeks Later inspired. "Deadly Weapons" is the third single released from the album. The music video is a sequel from the previous single where Craig Mabbitt was bitten by the zombies and killed all of the band members. Anderson is not present in the video. Critical reception The album has gained some positive reviews from the critics. Trey Spencer of Sputnikmusic summarized that Eyes Set to Kill still have some growing to do, but this album is proof that they are up to the challenge. Alex Henderson of Allmusic stated Eyes Set to Kill's take on the "Beauty and the Beast" concept works enjoyably well for them on The World Outside. A negative review is given by Blabbermouth's Scott Alisoglu commenting there are worse albums than "The Outside World". I just hear very little in the way of pop melodies that grab or aggressive moments that get the adrenaline pumping. The infusion of keyboards and the attempt at dynamic vocal structuring doesn't save it either. There is an audience for this album; I'm just not part of it. Pass. Chart performance The album sold 2,400 copies in the United States in its first week of release, according to Nielsen SoundScan. The album peaked at #9 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart and #26 on the Independent Albums chart Charts Personnel Band Brandon Anderson - unclean vocals, keyboards, synthesizers, programming Alexia Rodriguez - clean vocals, lead guitar, acoustics guitars, piano Greg Kerwin - rhythm guitar Anissa Rodriguez - bass guitar Caleb Clifton - drums, percussion, samples Additional personnel Tom Breyfogle - additional programming Lukas Vesely - additional keyboards Craig Mabbitt - vocals on "Deadly Weapons" Production Kelly Dalton - producer Eric Palmquist - producer Thomas Flower - audio production, engineer, mixing, producer Jason Livermore - mastering Ian MacGregor - assistant engineer Casey Quintal - art direction, design Nathan Taylor - photography Kevin Zinger - executive producer References Category:Eyes Set to Kill albums Category:2009 albums Category:Emo albums by American artists fi:Reach (Eyes Set to Killin albumi)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
RPG-32 The RPG-32 Barkas (Russian: РПГ-32) is a reusable Russian hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher. It was designed and developed by state-owned FGUP "Bazalt" weapons manufacturing company. It is also assembled in Jordan from Russian-made kits from Bazalt under the name "Nashshab" (Arabic: ار بي جي نشاب). Description In February 2015, Jordanian company Jadara Equipment & Defence Systems revealed they had incorporated the RPG-32 into a quad-launcher remote weapon station (RWS). The "Nashshab" (Archer) system comes in two versions: the Quad-1 is tripod-mounted meant to defend fixed positions, with tubes arranged in a 2×2 configuration and controlled either remotely or through a wire up to 300 m away; the Quad-2 is vehicle mounted for use against infantry, vehicles, and pillboxes in urban terrain, with tubes arranged in a 4×1 configuration and operated from a control unit inside the vehicle. The stations have day/night sights with rangefinding and automatic targets acquisition capabilities. Usage It was developed between 2005 and 2012 by Bazalt on request and under contract from Jordan. First RPG-32 'Nashshab' grenade launchers were to be delivered to Jordan from Russia in 2008, and it was planned that the RPG-32 and its ammunition would be mass-produced in Jordan under license at the JADARA factory. On 30 May 2013, Rostec CEO Sergey Chemezov and King Abdullah II opened a production facility for the Russian RPG-32 in Jordan. In March 2016, video was released of Ansar al-Sharia (Yemen) using the RPG-32 against Houthi forces during the Yemeni Civil War. It is unknown how the terrorist group could have acquired such a modern and advanced weapon system, but it is likely they were initially supplied to Yemeni loyalist forces by the user nations of Jordan or the UAE, part of the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, then captured by militants. The RPG-32 has also been seen in use by Kurdish Peshmerga forces in northern Iraq. Users See also RPG-7 RPG-26 RPG-27 RPG-29 RPG-30 List of Russian weaponry References External links http://world.guns.ru/grenade/rus/rpg-32-e.html https://weaponsystems.net/weaponsystem/BB04%20-%20RPG-32.html http://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=563 Category:Rocket-propelled grenade launchers of Russia Category:Bazalt products	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Milan Turkovic Milan Turković is an Austrian musician. He originates from an Austro-Croatian family, grew up in Vienna and became internationally known as one of the few bassoon soloists. Over the past two decades, he has become a successful conductor, making appearances all over the world. Conductor Turkovic has conducted in Vienna, Salzburg, Graz, Milan, Venice, Florence, Rome, London, Berlin, Dresden, Munich, Prague, Kraków, Bratislava, Munich, New York, Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, Nagoya and Brisbane with orchestras such as the Vienna Symphony, the Vienna Radio Symphony, Munich Radio Orchestra, Camerata Salzburg, the Orchestra di Padova, The Rome Symphony Orchestra, the Orchestra Sinfonica G. Verdi of Milan, the Kraków Philharmonic, the Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra, the Nagoya Philharmonic, the National Orchestra of Taiwan, The Croatian Chamber Orchestra and the Prague Philharmonia and the Austro-Hungarian-Philharmonic. The August 2009 issue of the important Japanese music magazine “Ongaku No Tomo” listed him in a shortlist as one of the twenty most interesting conductors in the Tokyo music scene. A recipient of the Edison Award, he also received the German “Echo Klassik” Award in 2010. He regularly acts as a principal conductor at the Japanese Festival of Kusatsu. Turkovic has worked with the soloists Mischa Maisky, Jan Vogler, Benjamin Schmid, Michael Schade, Xavier de Maistre, Gábor Boldoczki, Sergei Nakariakov, Sara Mingardo, Lise de la Salle and many others. Solo Activities Turkovic has performed as a soloist in almost all the musical centers of the world with numerous renowned orchestras (Vienna Symphony, Stockholm Philharmonic, Bamberg Symphony, The Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra, Munich Philharmonic, I Solisti Italiani, Orchestre de la Suisse Romande, Camerata Salzburg, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra, Mostly Mozart Festival Orchestra (New York), The English Concert, NHK Symphony Orchestra (Tokyo) and the F. Liszt Chamber Orchestra (Budapest). He has worked with such conductors as Eschenbach, Giulini, Harnoncourt, Marriner, Pinnock, Sawallisch, Stein, Vegh among others. Turkovic was a member of Concentus Musicus Wien, of Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center and a founding member of Ensemble Wien-Berlin. Turkovic has appeared at important festivals all over the world, including Salzburg, Vienna, Lucerne, Lockenhaus, Prades, Prague, New York Santa Fe, Portland, Osaka, Sapporo, Kusatsu. After a tour with trumpeter Wynton Marsalis in 1998, Marsalis dedicated the quintet “Meeelaan” for bassoon and string quartet to Turkovic, which was subsequently performed by Turkovic all over the world. Turkovic has performed numerous premiere performances, including works by Jean Francaix, Sofia Gubaidulina, Ivan Eröd, Rainer Bischof, Thomas Daniel Schlee, Friedrich Cerha, Wynton Marsalis and Brett Dean. Discography His discography currently consists of 9 CDs as a conductor, 15 CDs with solo repertoire, 26 CDs with chamber music and over 200 CDs with Concentus Musicus. He has recorded the Mozart bassoon concerto four times; his third recording was played on a period instrument, with Nikolaus Harnoncourt conducting. Other releases include the concerti by C.M.v. Weber (with Marriner), the quintet for bassoon and strings “Meeelaan” by Wynton Marsalis and a double CD “Bassoon Extravaganza”. On his most recent CDs he conducted three symphonies by J. Haydn and two CDs with the German Ensemble Selmer Saxharmonic (Echo Klassik award in 2010). Author Turkovic is the author of four books (in German) A book about the Concentus Musicus Vienna on the occasion of its 50th anniversary also appeared in a Japanese translation. He regularly acts as a jury member and jury chairman at international competitions. References Biographical material from artist's webpage External links Interview with Milan Turkovic, June 23, 1997 Category:Bassoonists Category:Austrian conductors (music) Category:Male conductors (music) Category:1939 births Category:Living people Category:Austrian people of Croatian descent Category:21st-century conductors (music)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Episode 8052 "Episode 8052" is the 8,052nd episode of the Australian soap opera Neighbours. It premiered on 10 Peach in Australia and Channel 5 in the United Kingdom on 5 March 2019. The episode was written by series producer Jason Herbison and directed by Kate Kendall. It features the death of series regular Sonya Rebecchi (Eve Morey) from ovarian cancer. She and her husband Toadfish Rebecchi (Ryan Moloney) take a road trip to the beach to spend the day with their children. It is mostly a two-hander between Morey and Moloney, a format which allows the focus to be on Sonya's final storyline. The episode was conceived after Morey was informed in March 2018 that her contract would not be renewed, in an effort to reduce the show's production costs. She asked for her character to be killed off, knowing there was no other plausible reason for Sonya to leave her husband and children. "Episode 8052" was filmed over a week in December 2018, after a production delay due to bad weather. Morey returned to film the scenes two weeks after she had wrapped her stint on the show. She said she was "satisfied" with Sonya's final scenes and believed she had done her character justice. Two promotional trailers featuring scenes from the episode were released in February 2019. "Episode 8052" posted a small ratings increase in Australia. It received positive reviews from critics and viewers, who praised Morey and Moloney's performances. Some viewers campaigned on social media for Morey to win a Logie Award. Maddison Hockey of TV Week called the episode "touching and beautiful", while Daniel Kilkelly of Digital Spy found it to be "gut-wrenching, tragic and incredibly difficult to watch". Plot Sonya Rebecchi (Eve Morey) and her husband Toadfish "Toadie" Rebecchi (Ryan Moloney) pack their car, as they prepare to join their children at a beach house. As Toadie goes inside to get his son's iPad, Sonya takes a moment to look at all the houses on Ramsay Street. They stop at the Lassiter's complex, where Toadie buys junk food and Sonya teases him about his secret food stashes. As they travel down the freeway, they sing along to some music before Sonya declares she does not want a funeral but a memorial by the lake instead. Toadie tries to assure her that they are getting the best treatment for her ovarian cancer, but Sonya wants to be prepared just in case. Toadie notices Sonya is looking nauseous. She says she is fine, and they joke about his domineering mother. Toadie wants to pull over. Sonya asks him to wait for the next rest area, but she has trouble remembering what it is called. Toadie pulls the car over next to a field and Sonya assures him she is just feeling ill from the chemotherapy and carsickness. While Toadie goes off to urinate, Sonya becomes dizzy and her vision blurs. Toadie later finds Sonya in the field picking wildflowers and they take a moment to admire the view. As they continue their journey, Toadie becomes concerned that Sonya is talking about a future that she is not part of. She becomes upset as she wonders what happens to people when they die and admits she is scared of not seeing him and the children again. Sonya finally tells Toadie that the chemotherapy has had no effect on the tumour in her brain, and she has days to live. Toadie experiences grief and anger. Sonya asks him to take her to the children. As they reach the beach house, Sonya promises not to give up. After learning their children are at the beach, Sonya becomes desperate to see them and they make their way there. Sonya starts feeling weaker and tells Toadie that he will have to let her go. She makes him promise to lean on his friends and family and take care of the children. She also urges him to find love again when he is ready. She sits and watches the children playing, while Toadie hugs her. As her breathing becomes shallow, Sonya says she knows that heaven exists because it is with Toadie and her family. Sonya falls limp in his arms. He tries to rouse her, but soon realises she has died. Production Conception In early December 2018, Neighbours announced that "a fan favourite" character would be killed off during 2019. The following month it was confirmed that Sonya Rebecchi, played by Eve Morey, would be diagnosed with stage IV ovarian cancer, which would eventually lead to her death. Morey said that the producers chose to write her character out to reduce the program's production costs. The show's future had been called into question when Network Ten entered voluntary administration in 2017. The producers informed Morey in March 2018, shortly after she returned to work following maternity leave, that her contract would not be renewed. She said, "There's no doubt that it was a hard decision to make, but that's just the way the job goes sometimes. Once I'd let go of my ego a bit, it ended up working out exactly the way it should." After accepting that her character would be leaving, Morey wanted to know what would happen to Sonya and her husband Toadfish "Toadie" Rebecchi (played by Ryan Moloney), as she was keen "to preserve the integrity of these characters". Morey suggested that Sonya would have to die, as there was no other plausible reason for her to leave Toadie and their children, especially after everything they had been through together. Morey did not want her character to "go off the rails" and suffer an alcohol or drugs relapse again. That might have made her unpopular with viewers, who would not have cared as much about her death. Moloney came up with a final storyline for the character, which saw Sonya struck by a car as she hurried to meet Toadie, who had been given the all-clear after his own battle with cancer. The producers and writers, however, created the ovarian cancer storyline. "Episode 8052" was written by series producer Jason Herbison and directed by former Neighbours actress Kate Kendall. It is mostly a two-hander between Morey and Moloney. David Knox of TV Tonight called it "a rare move", as typical episodes feature the ensemble cast and multiple storylines. Morey was pleased that it was written as a two-hander, so that the focus would only be on Sonya's storyline. She told Katie Baillie of Metro, "Sometimes you can act your little guts off in a scene and then it will cut to the Waterhole—you need light and shade otherwise some of these storylines can be too much, but it was great to know that this final episode was—they weren't going to cut to Sheila doing something." The plot sees Sonya and Toadie taking a road trip to the beach to join their children, shortly after Sonya learns her condition has deteriorated. Morey explained that Sonya is aware she has not got long to live, so she feels that she needs to "empower" Toadie to carry on without her. During the journey, Sonya's condition deteriorates, and she shares her last wishes with him, as well as questioning whether heaven really exists. Moloney said his character is "completely gutted" when Sonya tells him she is going to die soon. Upon reaching the beach, Sonya decides that the children should not see her and she lays in Toadie's arms, where she realises that being with her family is heaven. Morey added, "She dies content and grateful for the life that she's had, which is pretty ideal. Not a lot of people get that." Filming The episode was filmed at an exterior beach location in December 2018. Moloney described filming the scenes as "horrible and beautiful all at the same time". He explained, "We went away for more than a week to shoot it all. The whole week was just horrible, but at the same time, it was nice that we got the chance to actually be in love for the last storyline." Morey revealed that they were supposed to film the scenes earlier, but bad weather halted production. She returned to film them two weeks after she had wrapped her stint on the show. Morey found that the two-week gap gave her a better perspective on Sonya's final scenes, and allowed her to approach them in a different way. She also said that Kendall helped her and Moloney to "find the light and shade" in the scenes, so the characters are seen laughing and joking, just being together, before Sonya's last moments. Moloney commented that the final shooting day was "stunning", as the sun came out, and it felt "as if it was meant to be". Morey was "satisfied" with Sonya's final scenes and felt she had done her character justice. Promotion and broadcast Scenes from the episode were first seen in a promotional trailer for the show released on 22 February 2018. A second trailer, released on 25 February, asked viewers: "If you had one day left, how would you live it?", as scenes from the episode played. As the trailer ends, a voiceover is heard saying "It's time to say goodbye to Sonya". "Episode 8052" aired on 5 March 2019 in Australia and the United Kingdom. The cast, crew, and Fremantle Australia personnel held a private screening of the episode at Como Cinemas in South Yarra. Reception The original broadcast of "Episode 8052" was watched by 126,000 viewers in Australia, which was a small increase from the previous day's episode. In the UK, the episode failed to make the top 15 most watched television shows on Channel 5 for that week, but it was the highest rated episode of Neighbours across PC/laptop, tablet and smartphone users, and sixth overall behind episodes of The Bachelor. The episode received positive reviews from critics and viewers, many of whom began campaigning on social media for Morey to win the Logie Award for Most Popular Actress. TV Week's Maddison Hockey wrote, "Sonya's sudden illness has been an emotional whirlwind that culminates in a touching and beautiful episode of Neighbours. Tears are guaranteed". Metros Katie Baillie called Sonya's death "the moment we've all been dreading" calling it "utterly heartbreaking" and "poignant". Laura-Jayne Tyler of Inside Soap wrote Morey and Moloney's performances were "sublime, and deserve to win every award going". Claire Crick of What's on TV also praised Morey and Moloney's performances, saying they "did us proud, as we knew they would." She said the moment when Toadie learned his wife did not have long to live was "easily the most powerful Neighbours has ever seen, but in true Rebecchi style there also some light-hearted moments between the pair during the episode, reminding us why we love Sonya and Toadie so much." Crick concluded that Sonya "was given the unforgettable send off that she deserves". A reporter for The Sydney Morning Herald felt Sonya's death was not as impactful as Molly Jones's (Anne Tenney) in fellow soap A Country Practice, but said it was "certainly a milestone" and found the cast and crew did it justice. The reporter added that Morey and Maloney "traversed the last hours of life with dignity, humour, and as much honesty as you can expect from a family-friendly prime-time soap." Daniel Kilkelly of Digital Spy opened his review writing, "Gut-wrenching, tragic and incredibly difficult to watch – not descriptions you'd see for most episodes of sunshine soap Neighbours. But with the Aussie show killing off one of its most beloved characters today (March 5), we really wouldn't have expected anything less". He thought the episode was "a fitting send-off" for the character, and the two-hander format allowed the audience to see the couple at their best. Kilkelly also praised Morey and Moloney's acting. He said Moloney had given "the performance of his career". He also praised the cinematography, Kendall's direction, and the "sensational script" from Herbison. Kilkelly concluded by writing, "Take a bow, Eve – your final episode, featuring performances on a par with any high-end drama, has shown exactly why everyone thinks they were mad to let you go". Herbison won the Best Script for a Television Serial accolade at the 2019 Australian Writers' Guild Awards. References External links Category:Neighbours episodes Category:2019 Australian television episodes Category:Two-handers Category:Television episodes about death Category:Television episodes written by Jason Herbison	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sonic Violence Sonic Violence were formed in Southend, Essex (UK) in the late 1980s by Andy Whiting and “Auntie”, who had previously played in punk band The Sinyx. The band were among the first acts to be signed to Peaceville Records, although they had moved to its subsidiary label Dreamtime by the time of their second full-length (“Transfixion”). A third album was planned for 1993 but this never materialized. At last notice the band’s line-up had expanded to accommodate two drummers, two bass guitarists, a full light-show and greater emphasis on electronic samples. In 2018 Dave "Auntie" Godbald reformed the band and he is currently working on a new album called "Invincible". Discography 1989 Sacrifice To Strength (12”) 1990 Jagd (LP/CD, CD contains 3 extra tracks that feature on Sacrifice To Strength and Casket Case) 1990 Casket Case (12”, Re-release of Sacrifice To Strength with 2 dub mixes of tracks from Jagd) 1992 Transfixion (LP/CD) 1993 The Blastecyst Mixes (12”, Limited & numbered) References External links Sonic Violence discography @ Discogs.com Sonic Violence @ Myspace Sonic Violence - Manic / Interview Category:British industrial music groups Category:Musical groups established in 1989 Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1993	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gorni Glavanak Gorni Glavanak is a village in the municipality of Madzharovo, in Haskovo Province, in southern Bulgaria. References Category:Villages in Haskovo Province	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bernardo Guadagni Bernardo Guadagni (1367 – 1434) was twice elected Gonfalonier of Justice (President of the Republic of Florence). During his second term, he had his powerful rival Cosimo de' Medici arrested, imprisoned and sent to exile for five years. The Guadagni and the Medici families were wealthy banking families in Renaissance Florence Italy. Guadagni was played by Brian Cox in the scripted television drama, Medici: Masters of Florence. References Category:1367 births Category:1434 deaths Category:Rulers of Florence	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Deep-level trap Deep-level traps or deep-level defects are a generally undesirable type of electronic defect in semiconductors. They are "deep" in the sense that the energy required to remove an electron or hole from the trap to the valence or conduction band is much larger than the characteristic thermal energy kT, where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is temperature. Deep traps interfere with more useful types of doping by compensating the dominant charge carrier type, annihilating either free electrons or electron holes depending on which is more prevalent. They also directly interfere with the operation of transistors, light-emitting diodes and other electronic and opto-electronic devices, by offering an intermediate state inside the band gap. Deep-level traps shorten the non-radiative life time of charge carriers, and—through the Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) process—facilitate recombination of minority carriers, having adverse effects on the semiconductor device performance. Common chemical elements that produce deep-level defects in silicon include iron, nickel, copper, gold, and silver. In general, transition metals produce this effect, while light metals such as aluminium do not. Surface states and crystallographic defects in the crystal lattice can also play role of deep-level traps. Category:Condensed matter physics Category:Optoelectronics Category:Semiconductor properties Category:Semiconductor structures	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Michael Stutchbury Michael Stutchbury (born 4 May 1957) is the editor in chief of The Australian Financial Review and formerly The Australian's economics editor. He generally writes from a free market viewpoint, and was critical of a number of the Rudd-Gillard Government's economic policies, particularly on its stimulus packages. and industrial relations. Stutchbury began his journalistic career with The Australian Financial Review. Later, he became a business editor of The Australian and a Washington correspondent during the Clinton Administration's first term before becoming one of the longest serving editors of The Australian. He is the father of 2018 NSW Young Liberals President, Harry Stutchbury. He also occasionally appears on Insiders, the ABC's weekly program on political discussion. References Category:1957 births Category:Living people Category:Australian journalists Category:Australian newspaper editors Category:ABC Insiders panelists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati () covers the southwest region of the U.S. state of Ohio, including the greater Cincinnati and Dayton metropolitan areas. The Archbishop of Cincinnati is Most Rev. Dennis Marion Schnurr. Geography In total, the Archdiocese of Cincinnati encompasses 230 parishes in 19 counties, , with the total membership of baptized Catholics around 500,000. The Archdiocese administers 110 associated parochial schools and diocesan elementary schools. The mother church is the Cathedral of St. Peter in Chains, located at the corner of 8th and Plum Streets in Downtown Cincinnati. Cincinnati is the metropolis of the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati, which encompasses the entire state of Ohio and is composed of the Archdiocese and its five suffragan dioceses: Cleveland, Columbus, Steubenville, Toledo, and Youngstown. The Archdiocese of Cincinnati is bordered by the Diocese of Toledo to the north, the Diocese of Columbus to the east, the Diocese of Covington to the south, and the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and Diocese of Lafayette to the west. History Pope Pius VII erected the Diocese of Cincinnati on 19 June 1821, in territory taken from the Diocese of Bardstown. At the time, there was an unwritten prohibition against construction of Catholic churches in Cincinnati. The first church was therefore constructed just beyond the city boundaries. The diocese lost territory on 8 March 1833, when Pope Gregory XVI erected the Diocese of Detroit and again on 23 April 1847, when Pope Pius IX erected the Diocese of Cleveland. On July 19, 1850, Pope Pius IX elevated the diocese to an Archdiocese and on March 3, 1868, he took territory to erect the Diocese of Columbus. Sexual abuse scandals In November 2003, following a sexual abuse scandal and two-year investigation by the Hamilton County prosecutor's office, Archbishop Daniel Pilarczyk entered a plea of nolo contendere regarding five misdemeanor charges of failure to report allegations of child molestation. The court rendered no criminal judgment on the allegations themselves, only on the diocese's failure to report the allegations. In August 2019, it was announced that Auxiliary Bishop Joseph R. Binzer, the Archdiocese's Vicar General who was blamed for failing to inform the Archbishop of Cincinnati about a series of allegations that a priest had engaged in inappropriate behavior with teenage boys would be removed from his position as head of priest personnel, effective immediately, while the archdiocese begins its own internal investigation. Binzer has yet to be removed as either the Archdiocese's Vicar General or as an Auxiliary Bishop to the Archdiocese as well. Fr. Geoff Drew, the priest who Binzer had protected, had previously faced allegations in other parishes in the Archdiocese of Cincinnati, only to have Binzer transfer him after they surfaced. Binzer had previously transferred Drew to different parishes in the Archdiocese in 2013 and 2015 following allegation of inappropriate contact with minors. On July 23, 2019, Drew was suspended from public ministry following the discovery of inappropriate text messages he sent to one of his teenage parishioners at St. Ignatius of Loyola in Green Township, where he transferred to in 2018 after more reports of inappropriate contact with minors surfaced. On August 19, 2019, local authorities arrested Drew and charged him with nine counts of sex abuse. He will also not be released from prison unless he can post a $5 million bail. Bishops Bishops of Cincinnati Edward Fenwick, O.P. (1822–1833) Archbishops of Cincinnati John Baptist Purcell (1833–1883), elevated to Archbishop in 1850 William Henry Elder (1883–1903) Henry K. Moeller (1903–1925) Joseph Chartrand (1925), did not take effect John Timothy McNicholas O.P. (1925–1950) Karl Joseph Alter (1950–1969) Paul Francis Leibold (1969–1972) Joseph Bernardin (1972–1982), appointed Archbishop of Chicago (elevated to Cardinal in 1983) Daniel Edward Pilarczyk (1982–2009) Dennis Marion Schnurr (2009–present) Coadjutor Archbishops William Henry Elder (1880-1883) Henry K. Moeller (1903-1904) Dennis Marion Schnurr (2008-2009) Auxiliary Bishops Sylvester Horton Rosecrans (1861–1868), appointed Bishop of Columbus Joseph H. Albers (1929–1937), appointed Bishop of Lansing George John Rehring (1937–1950), appointed Bishop of Toledo Clarence George Issenmann (1954–1957), Bishop of Columbus (1932–1954) Paul Francis Leibold (1958–1966), appointed Bishop of Evansville and later Archbishop of Cincinnati Edward Anthony McCarthy (1965–1969) appointed Bishop of Phoenix and later Coadjutor Archbishop and Archbishop of Miami Nicholas Thomas Elko (1970–1985) Daniel Edward Pilarczyk (1974–1982) appointed Archbishop of Cincinnati James Henry Garland (1984–1992) appointed Bishop of Marquette Carl Kevin Moeddel (1993–2007) Joseph R. Binzer (2011–present) Other Affiliated Bishops The following men began their service as priests in Cincinnati before being appointed bishops elsewhere (years in parentheses refer to their years in Cincinnati): John Martin Henni, Bishop and later Archbishop of Milwaukee (1829–1843) Henry Damian Juncker, Bishop of Alton (1834–1857) Joshua Maria Young, Bishop of Erie (1838–1853) John Baptist Lamy, Vicar Apostolic of New Mexico and later Bishop and Archbishop of Santa Fe (1838–1850) James Frederick Bryan Wood, Coadjutor Bishop and later Bishop and Archbishop of Philadelphia (1844–1857) John Henry Luers, Bishop of Fort Wayne (1846–1857) Caspar Henry Borgess, Coadjutor Bishop and later Bishop of Detroit (1848–1870) Richard Gilmour, Bishop of Cleveland (1852–1872) John Quinlan, Bishop of Mobile (1852–1859) Augustus Toebbe, Bishop of Covington (1854–1869) Joseph Gregory Dwenger, Bishop of Fort Wayne (1859–1867) Henry Richter, Bishop of Grand Rapids (1865–1883) Francis Beckman, appointed Bishop of Lincoln and later Archbishop of Dubuque (1902–1923) Urban John Vehr, Bishop and later Archbishop of Denver (1915–1931) Francis Augustine Thill, Bishop of Salina (1920–1938) (He became Bishop of Concordia in 1938, and was still in office there when the diocese name was changed from Concordia to Salina in 1944.) Anthony John King Mussio, Bishop of Steubenville (1935–1945) John Joseph Kaising, Auxiliary Bishop for the Military Services, USA (1962–2000) Robert Daniel Conlon, Bishop of Steubenville and later Bishop of Joliet (1977–2002) Education The Archdiocese of Cincinnati operates a large school system that is especially well-attended in the Cincinnati area. As of 2011, 43,641 students enroll in the Archdiocese's 115 schools, making it the sixth largest Catholic school system in the United States. In Hamilton County, where most private schools are run by the Archdiocese, nearly a quarter of students (36,684 as of 2007) attend private schools, a rate only second to St. Louis County, Missouri. The 23 Catholic high schools in the region operate under varying degrees of archdiocesan control. Several are owned and operated by the Archdiocese, while other interparochial schools are run by groups of parishes under archdiocesan supervision. Most of the interparochial and non-archdiocesan high schools are operated by religious institutes (as noted in the adjacent table). Most of the schools' athletic teams belong to the Greater Catholic League, which consists of a co-ed division, the Girls Greater Cincinnati League, and a division for all-male schools. The Archdiocese also includes 92 parochial and diocesan elementary schools, with a combined enrollment of 30,312, as of 2011 . These schools can be found in the urban and suburban areas of Cincinnati and Dayton, as well as some of the smaller towns within the Archdiocesan boundaries. Each parochial school is owned and operated by its parish, rather than by the Archdiocese's Catholic Schools Office. However, in March 2011, the Archdiocese announced its intention of eventually unifying the schools under one school system. , the interim Superintendent of Catholic Schools is Susie Gibbons. Five of the high schools are named after former archbishops of the diocese. A parochial elementary school in Dayton is also named after Archbishop Liebold. The Archdiocese sponsors the Athenaeum of Ohio – Mount St. Mary's Seminary of the West seminary in the Mount Washington neighborhood of Cincinnati. Superintendents Msgr. Carl J. Ryan (1946–1964) Fr. Herman H. Kenning (1970–1974) Sr. Kathryn Ann Connelly, S.C. (1983–2002) Bro. Joseph Kamis, SM (2002–2010) Dr. Jim Riggs, Ph.D. (2010–2015) Ms. Susie Gibbons (2015–present) Media Newspapers The Archdiocese is served by The Catholic Telegraph, the diocesan newspaper, which is described on its website as the United States' oldest continuously published Catholic diocesan newspaper. Its defunct sister newspaper, Der Wahrheitsfreund, was the first German Catholic newspaper in the country. The national magazine St. Anthony Messenger is published in Cincinnati by the Franciscan Friars with the archdiocese's ecclesiastical approval. Radio stations Several area Catholic radio stations, owned by separate entities, serve the Archdiocese: WNOP 740 AM Licensed to Newport, Kentucky. "Sacred Heart Radio" plus a sister station WHSS 89.5 FM in Hamilton, a repeater of WNOP. WULM 1600 AM located in Springfield "Radio Maria" (based at KJMJ in Alexandria, Louisiana) serving portions of the Dayton area: a fifty-mile radius in the daytime. (ten mile radius at night) plus a sister station: WHJM 88.7 FM licensed in Anna, transmitting from Botkins with a live studio located in nearby Minster which serves a forty-mile radius within the Upper Miami Valley and southern portions of the Lima area. Radio Maria also streams on the internet WLRU-LP 106.9 FM in Hillsboro. Other stations reach into portions of the Archdiocese: WVSG 820 AM located in Columbus "St. Gabriel Radio" (the former WOSU (AM). WRDF 106.3 FM licensed in Columbia City, Indiana with studio in Fort Wayne as "Redeemer Radio" which can be heard in portions of the northwestern corner of the Archdiocese, plus an audio stream. See also Franciscan Media References External links Archdiocese of Cincinnati Official Site Cincinnati * Category:Christianity in Cincinnati Cincinnati Cincinnati Category:1821 establishments in Ohio	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
ZNF202 Zinc finger protein 202 is a transcription factor first associated with breast cancer. It is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ZNF202 gene. Clinical significance Variants of this protein have been discovered to be strongly associated with coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. References Further reading External links Category:Transcription factors Category:Oncology Category:Proteins	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Down Below (The Cruel Sea album) Down Below is the debut studio album by Australian indie rock band The Cruel Sea. Originally released as a 12" EP in September 1989, it was re-released in December 1989 as the band's debut studio album. The album includes the track "Reckless Eyeballin'" – an instrumental track that later became the theme song of Australian TV police drama, Blue Heelers (1994–2006). Background and release The Cruel Sea formed late 1987 by Jim Elliot on drums and Dan Rumour on guitar, and as a purely instrumental outfit. In late 1988, keyboardist James Cruickshank and Ken Gormley on bass were added and in early 1989 singer Tex Perkins joined the band on a part-time basis and added lyrics to the band's melodies. The band signed to Red Eye Records in mid-1989 and released Down Below as a 9-track 12" EP in September 1989. It was re-released in December 1989 with two additional tracks as the band's debut studio album. Track listings Release history References Category:1989 debut albums Category:EPs by Australian artists Category:The Cruel Sea (band) albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ralph Wolf and Sam Sheepdog Ralph Wolf and Sam Sheepdog are characters in a series of animated cartoons in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons. The characters were created by Chuck Jones. Ralph Wolf has virtually the same character design as another Chuck Jones character, Wile E. Coyote—brown fur, wiry body, and huge ears, but with a red nose in place of the Coyote's black one; (usually) white eyes instead of the Coyote's yellow ones; and, occasionally, a fang protruding from his mouth. He also shares the Coyote's appetite and persistent use of Acme Corporation products, but he covets sheep instead of roadrunners and, when he speaks, does not have the upper-class accent or the egotistical bearing of the Coyote. Another crucial difference is that of personality: Ralph does not have the fanatical drive of the Coyote in pursuing his prey, preferring to abandon his chase at the end of the working day. Sam Sheepdog, by contrast, is a large, burly Berger de Brie (Briard) with white or tan fur and a mop of red hair that usually covers his eyes. He very rarely runs and tends to be sedentary in his movements. He does, however, possess sufficient strength to incapacitate Ralph with a single punch once he catches him. Original appearances Inspired by the Friz Freleng cartoon The Sheepish Wolf of a decade earlier (October 17, 1942), Chuck Jones created Ralph and Sam for a series of shorts. The first of these was Don't Give Up the Sheep, released on January 3, 1953. The cartoon proved a success, prompting Jones to repeat the formula five more times between 1954 and 1962. In 1963, ex-Jones animators Phil Monroe and Richard Thompson also starred the duo in their cartoon Woolen Under Where. The series is built around the satiric idea that both Ralph and Sam are blue collar workers who are just doing their jobs. Most of the cartoons begin at the beginning of the workday, in which they both arrive with lunch pails at a sheep-grazing meadow, exchange pleasant chitchat, and punch into the same time clock. Work having officially begun with the morning whistle at 8:00 AM, Ralph repeatedly tries very hard to abduct the helpless sheep and invariably fails, either through his own ineptitude or the minimal efforts of Sam (he is frequently seen sleeping), who always brutally punishes Ralph for the attempt. In many instances, there are also multiple copies of Ralph and particularly Sam. At the end-of-the-day whistle at 5:00 PM, Ralph and Sam punch out their time cards, again chat amiably, and leave, presumably only to come back the next day and do it all over again. Both Ralph and Sam are performed by voice actor Mel Blanc. In A Sheep In The Deep, the workday is interrupted by a lunch break, which they also conduct amiably. The operation seems to run 24 hours a day or at least into another shift, as when Ralph and Sam "punch out" they may also run into their nighttime replacements, Fred and George, respectively. In some of their earlier appearances, Ralph and Sam are named inconsistently: in particular Sam's shift replacement sometimes addresses him as "Ralph". Shorts Don't Give Up the Sheep (1953) Has MCMLI in opening. - Sam is referred to as Ralph. Sheep Ahoy (1954) - Sam is referred to as Ralph, Ralph is referred to as George, and George is referred to as Sam. Double or Mutton (1955) Steal Wool (1957) - Remake as Don't Give Up the Sheep Ready, Woolen and Able (1960) A Sheep in the Deep (1962) Woolen Under Where (1963) Derivative appearances Sam and Ralph have appeared in a handful of Warner Bros. projects since the closing of the studio's animation department. Sam has a cameo in the 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit during the final scene (Ralph does not appear, however), and they occasionally feature in the Looney Tunes comic books published by DC Comics. Sheep, Dog 'n' Wolf (also known as Sheep Raider) for the original Sony PlayStation and PC, published by Infogrames, is a faithful adaptation of the series' sheep-abducting schemes. The Road Runner makes a cameo appearance in the training level and also in the final level, racing in the desert against Ralph. Ironically, neither Ralph or Sam speak within this game. Sam Sheepdog appeared in the Taz-Mania episode "Mutton for Nothing" voiced by Jim Cummings. In this episode, Taz was sent by the "Predators "R" Us" temp agency to cover for Ralph Wolf while he is on vacation. Taz tries unsuccessfully to steal the sheep from Sam Sheepdog. A bit of character confusion is at play in this episode, as Sam references Ralph as being "that coyote". Sam makes a cameo appearance in the film Space Jam. Though he is mostly seen in the background in the audience during the final basketball match between the Tune Squad and the Monstars, he is seen putting on rabbit ears while cheering for Bugs Bunny and is later visibly shocked when one of the players is squashed by a Monstar named Pound. Ralph and Sam make a brief cameo in the 2003 feature film Looney Tunes: Back in Action. In the movie, Ralph and Sam are sitting at the same table eating lunch. When Ralph reveals to Sam that he finally caught a sheep, Sam grabs him by the neck and continually slaps him across the face. Ralph and Sam make an appearance in Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas. Sam Sheepdog appears in The Looney Tunes Show opening. Pop culture references On the episode "Donut Run" of the television program Veronica Mars, Veronica greets rival private detective Vinnie Van Lowe with "Mornin' Sam," and he replies, in kind, "Mornin' Ralph." Chris Rock mentions Ralph and Sam in his book Rock This!. According to the text, a white classmate of Rock's who racially harassed him in high school not only resurfaced years later as his chauffeur, but also attempted to be amicable and suggested that they get together for coffee. Rock employs the "time clock" concept to racial tensions in schools by asserting that his tormentor was simply playing the role that he was dealt. The NewsRadio episode "Twins" played with the reference in reverse. Bill McNeal and Jimmy James pass each other while stepping through Dave's window. Jimmy (the station owner) says, "Mornin' Sam," Bill (the office troublemaker) replies, "Mornin' Ralph," and Jimmy comments, "I love that joke." A deleted scene for the Family Guy episode "Tales of a Third Grade Nothing" featured Peter Griffin as Sam Sheepdog at the time clock with Ralph Wolf. In the episode "Blood in the Water" of the USA Network legal drama Suits, Louis Litt compares his relationship with Harvey Specter to "Sam and Ralph" in a conversation with Mike Ross. He explains that for years, Harvey and he would butt heads during office hours, but at the end of the day they would still be on friendly terms. Litt finishes the analogy by saying that recently Specter had changed and that it now feels like Harvey's "always on the clock." Journalist Mark Leibovich mentions Ralph and Sam in an October 2016 New York Times Magazine profile of Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign, as a metaphor for candidates during previous, more predictable presidential campaigns. The names of Ralph and Sam have been applied to two sets of characters in the My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic comic book series, who engage in similar dialogue to Ralph and Sam. The first set are a pair of royal guards—a typical Pegasus and a bat-winged variant—while the second set are a pair of identical Storm Guards, minions of the primary antagonist of My Little Pony: The Movie. During a scene in the Tomb Raider video game Shadow of the Tomb Raider (Porvenir Oil Fields), two members of the Trinity organization can be overheard greeting one another with an "Evening Ralph, Evening Sam" exchange. References External links Ralph Wolf and Sam Sheepdog at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Category:Fictional wolves Category:Looney Tunes characters Category:Film characters introduced in 1953 Category:Animated duos Category:Anthropomorphic canines	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
ISO basic Latin alphabet The ISO basic Latin alphabet is a Latin-script alphabet and consists of two sets of 26 letters, codified in various national and international standards and used widely in international communication. They are the same letters that comprise the English alphabet. The two sets contain the following 26 letters each: History By the 1960s it became apparent to the computer and telecommunications industries in the First World that a non-proprietary method of encoding characters was needed. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) encapsulated the Latin script in their (ISO/IEC 646) 7-bit character-encoding standard. To achieve widespread acceptance, this encapsulation was based on popular usage. The standard was based on the already published American Standard Code for Information Interchange, better known as ASCII, which included in the character set the 26 × 2 letters of the English alphabet. Later standards issued by the ISO, for example ISO/IEC 8859 (8-bit character encoding) and ISO/IEC 10646 (Unicode Latin), have continued to define the 26 × 2 letters of the English alphabet as the basic Latin script with extensions to handle other letters in other languages. Terminology The Unicode block that contains the alphabet is called "C0 Controls and Basic Latin". Two subheadings exist: "Uppercase Latin alphabet": the letters start at U+0041 and contain the string LATIN CAPITAL LETTER in their descriptions "Lowercase Latin alphabet": the letters start at U+0061 and contain the string LATIN SMALL LETTER in their descriptions There are also another two sets in the Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms block: Uppercase: the letters start at U+FF21 and contain the string FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER in their descriptions Lowercase: the letters start at U+FF41 and contain the string FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER in their descriptions Timeline for encoding standards 1865 International Morse Code was standardized at the International Telegraphy Congress in Paris, and was later made the standard by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 1950s Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet by ICAO Timeline for widely used computer codes supporting the alphabet 1963: ASCII (7-bit character-encoding standard from the American Standards Association, which became ANSI in 1969) 1963/1964: EBCDIC (developed by IBM and supporting the same alphabetic characters as ASCII, but with different code values) 1965-04-30: Ratified by ECMA as ECMA-6 based on work the ECMA's Technical Committee TC1 had carried out since December 1960. 1972: ISO 646 (ISO 7-bit character-encoding standard, using the same alphabetic code values as ASCII, revised in second edition ISO 646:1983 and third edition ISO/IEC 646:1991 as a joint ISO/IEC standard) 1983: ITU-T Rec. T.51 \| ISO/IEC 6937 (a multi-byte extension of ASCII) 1987: ISO/IEC 8859-1:1987 (8-bit character encoding) Subsequently, other versions and parts of ISO/IEC 8859 have been published. Mid-to-late 1980s: Windows-1250, Windows-1252, and other encodings used in Microsoft Windows (some roughly similar to ISO/IEC 8859-1) 1990: Unicode 1.0 (developed by the Unicode Consortium), contained in the block "C0 Controls and Basic Latin" using the same alphabetic code values as ASCII and ISO/IEC 646 Subsequently, other versions of Unicode have been published and it later became a joint ISO/IEC standard as well, as identified below. 1993: ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993, ISO/IEC standard for characters in Unicode 1.1 Subsequently, other versions of ISO/IEC 10646-1 and one of ISO/IEC 10646-2 have been published. Since 2003, the standards have been published under the name "ISO/IEC 10646" without the separation into two parts. 1997: Windows Glyph List 4 Representation In ASCII the letters belong to the printable characters and in Unicode since version 1.0 they belong to the block "C0 Controls and Basic Latin". In both cases, as well as in ISO/IEC 646, ISO/IEC 8859 and ISO/IEC 10646 they are occupying the positions in hexadecimal notation 41 to 5A for uppercase and 61 to 7A for lowercase. Not case sensitive, all letters have code words in the ICAO spelling alphabet and can be represented with Morse code. Usage All of the lowercase letters are used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). In X-SAMPA and SAMPA these letters have the same sound value as in IPA. Alphabets containing the same set of letters The list below only includes alphabets that lack: letters whose diacritical marks make them distinct letters. multigraphs that constitute distinct letters. English is one of few modern European language requiring no diacritics for native words (although a diaeresis is used by some American publishers in words such as "coöperation"). Malay and Indonesian (based on Malay) are the only languages outside Europe that use all the Latin alphabet and require no diacritics and ligatures. Many of the 700+ languages of Indonesia, such as Javanese, also use the Indonesian alphabet to write their languages. Column numbering The Roman (Latin) alphabet is commonly used for column numbering in a table or chart. This avoids confusion with row numbers using Arabic numerals. For example, a 3-by-3 table would contain Columns A, B, and C, set against Rows 1, 2, and 3. If more columns are needed beyond Z (normally the final letter of the alphabet), the column immediately after Z is AA, followed by AB, and so on (see bijective base-26 system). This can be seen by scrolling far to the right in a spreadsheet program such as Microsoft Excel or LibreOffice Calc. These are double-digit "letters" for table columns, in the same way that 10 through 99 are double-digit numbers. The Greek alphabet has a similar extended form that uses such double-digit letters if necessary, but it is used for chapters of a fraternity as opposed to columns of a table. Such double-digit letters for bullet points are AA, BB, CC, etc., as opposed to the number-like place value system explained above for table columns. See also Hebrew alphabet Greek alphabet Latin alphabet Latin-script alphabet for the sound correspondence List of Latin-script alphabets Early Cyrillic alphabet, Cyrillic alphabets Windows code pages Notes References Category:Latin alphabets	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Idaho Falls Public Library The Idaho Falls Public Library, at Elm and Eastern Streets in Idaho Falls, Idaho, was built in 1916 as a Carnegie library and was expanded later. The library operated here until 1977 when it moved a few blocks away. The historic building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It later became part of a new Museum of Idaho. The modern library is located at 457 West Broadway in Idaho Falls. Historic building The historic building is a one-story red brick building upon a raised basement story, with original portion built in 1916 in Renaissance Revival style. The central projecting entrance pavilion, in Art Deco style, and other changes were implemented in 1938-40 as part of a Public Works Administration project. Its nomination document describes it as "historically significant for its association with a group of prominent Idaho Falls women who in 1898 formed an organization to improve the quality and appearance of the town in which they lived. They called themselves the Village Improvement Society and embarked on a crusade to beautify Idaho Falls. Their achievements included establishment of city parks, planting trees along then barren streets, and founding the city's public library. The library was originally housed in the basement of the Baptist church, but the VIS soon set out to obtain a grant from the Carnegie Library Foundation for the construction of a library building. In 1905, Andrew Carnegie pledged the sum of $10,000 for the city of Idaho Falls to commission a building for the public library. The building was completed in 1916. At this time the population of the city was 6,000 persons. By 1938, the population had risen to 15,000 and the size and quality of the building had become inadequate. The city, in conjunction with the Public Works Administration, began a remodeling project to modernize and enlarge the existing structure. At a cost of $70,000, the structure was reinforced to withstand earthquakes and fire, the electrical and mechanical systems were updated, and the size was increased to 12,500 square feet." References Category:Carnegie libraries in Idaho Category:National Register of Historic Places in Bonneville County, Idaho Category:Renaissance Revival architecture in Idaho Category:Art Deco architecture in Idaho Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1916	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Christine Jowers Christine Jowers (born July 30 in Albuquerque, New Mexico) is an American dancer, teacher, producer, and dance critic. She is the founder and editor-in-chief of the leading online dance magazine, The Dance Enthusiast. She is known for her work as an advocate for dance and audience engagement through writing. Life and career Jowers was raised in Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands by her parents Dolores Veronica and John M. Jowers. As the daughter of a museum curator at Fort Christian and the executive director of Virgin Islands Council on the Arts, she was exposed from an early age to a wide range of local and international artists. Through his work with VICA, her father collaborated with the National Endowment for the Arts, National Assembly of State Arts Agencies, and UNESCO to create cultural art expositions and concert performances that toured throughout the Caribbean. Educated as a dancer at St. Thomas School of Dance and Ballet Theatre of the Virgin Islands, upon graduating from Sts. Peter & Paul School, Jowers was inspired by her father to study at Sarah Lawrence College and Goucher College from which she graduated with a degree in Dance History/Criticism and Communications. After performing as principal dancer with Doris Humphrey Repertory Company, Jowers created Moving Arts Projects in 1997 to present her work as a soloist. During this period she performed to great acclaim across the United States and Europe and collaborated on projects with numerous renowned artists including Margie Gillis, Ann Carlson, Janis Brenner, Larry Keigwin, Kun Yang Lin, Catherine Gallant, and the future artistic director of Martha Graham Dance Company, Janet Eilber. Shifting her focus from performing, Jowers began teaching as a guest artist at the Jose Limón Institute, Laban Centre for Movement and Dance, Danceworks (UK), Islington Arts Factory, Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts, University of Roehampton, Goucher College, and Kean College while also contributing writing to Dance/USA, The Hopkins Review, and The Huffington Post. In 2007 she founded the Dance Enthusiast to set off "an exuberant revolution in dance communication". Responding to the diminishing presence of dance coverage in the news, Jowers grew and expanded a team of writers out of her home to revitalize the dance field through numerous opportunities offered by operating online, including video coverage and innovative audience engagement platforms that allowed concert attendees to publish their own reflections and reviews. Recently, Jowers launched a highly acclaimed concert series called "Enthusiastic Events" that allows artists to perform and speak with the audience about the artform directly. Acclaimed artists who have participated in these events include the Martha Graham Dance Company, the Broadway choreographer Chet Walker, the director of the Museum at Fashion Institute of Technology Valerie Steele, the flamenco guitarist El Bola, and the Litefeet master Chrybaby Cozie. To date, the Dance Enthusiast remains a leading outlet for dance journalism, interviews, and artistic advocacy in NYC. Personal life Jowers' family is West Indian from Saint Thomas, Puerto Rico, Nevis, and Saint Maarten. She is married to Robert Friedman, with whom she has two sons and a cat. The family lives in New York City. She is a member of the Dance/USA and serves on the Editorial Board of The Hopkins Review as an Advisory Editor. External links The Dance Enthusiast Moving Arts Projects References Category:American founders Category:American female dancers Category:Dancers from New Mexico Category:American dance critics Category:Living people Category:American magazine editors Category:American women educators Category:21st-century American journalists Category:American choreographers Category:Dance in New York City Category:American voice actresses Category:American women writers Category:American women choreographers Category:American online journalists Category:People from Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands Category:Hispanic and Latino American women journalists Category:Goucher College alumni Category:Women magazine editors Category:Year of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Macon Whoopees (SHL) The Macon Whoopees were a minor league professional ice hockey team based in Macon, Georgia, and played home games at the Macon Coliseum. The Whoopees played in the Southern Hockey League, and were the second professional hockey team in Georgia. The attempt in Macon to expand hockey southward failed, as the team ceased operations before completion of the 1973–74 season. Hockey did not return to Macon until 1996, when the name was revived by the Macon Whoopee in the Central Hockey League. The original Whoopees team was named after the song "Makin' Whoopee" by Gus Kahn, and is the subject of the book Once Upon A Whoopee: A Town, A Team, A Song, A Dream, by Ed Grisamore and Bill Buckley. History The first attempt to bring professional hockey to Georgia was made in 1968, by the Eastern Hockey League. The Macon Coliseum was completed in 1968, and was the first facility in the state with an ice surface, and the seating capacity to host professional hockey. The EHL considered an expansion team for the 1968–69 season, but opted instead to have the Jacksonville Rockets play six home games at the coliseum to gauge interest. In 1973, the Southern Hockey League was created when the four southernmost teams in the EHL broke away to form their own league, partially due to travel costs of going to northern arenas. The new league searched for other Southeastern United States cities to host hockey teams. Macon was targeted due to the new arena, and its location adjacent to Interstate 75, which was on a direct route travelling to the Suncoast Suns arena, from the other teams in North Carolina and Virginia. The league chose Jerry Pinkerton, a stockbroker from Atlanta, as the franchise owner. The SHL and Pinkerton believed the timing was right for Macon. The population had grown rapidly, surpassing 120,000 residents as of the 1970 United States Census. The Omni Coliseum had just opened up in 1972, and the National Hockey League came to Georgia with the Atlanta Flames. The SHL and its commissioner Tedd Munchak, were desperate enough for a sixth team, that Munchak himself put up the $25,000 expansion fee, and appointed a league businessman to help raise the $300,000 in expected operating expenses. The choice of name arose from Pinkerton's favorite song being the Doris Day version of "Makin' Whoopee", and the euphemism being popularized on The Newlywed Game by Bob Eubanks. The Macon Whoopees were officially announced at press conference on July 4, 1973, as one of the six teams in the inaugural season of the Southern Hockey League. The Whoopees made affiliation agreements with the Houston Aeros, and Cleveland Crusaders in the World Hockey Association. Keke Mortson from the Aeros was hired as general manager and player-coach, and Bill Buckley was named his assistant, and the club's business manager. Pinkerton was able to secure investors from Atlanta, New York City, and Macon in September. People in Georgia knew little about hockey, but the fighting was similar to professional wrestling. In promoting the team, management mentioned similarities to football, and held information sessions with civic groups, schools, and churches. Pamphlets for season tickets included explanations of hockey, as did the team's pocket schedule. Radio stations in central Georgia played the Doris Day song frequently, local press and television stories were used to promote the team, Sports Illustrated, and The Wall Street Journal ran items on the team, and 5,000 t‐shirts were sold in advance. When the team hit the ice in October, jerseys resembled the colors and patterns of the Montreal Canadiens. The Whoopees debuted at home on October 12, 1973, versus the Suncoast Suns. Macon won 5–4 in overtime, in a game that included seven fights, but many fans left after the second period, not knowing it was three periods. Doris Day was invited to sing the national anthem on opening night, but declined. The Whoopees sat in second place for the early part of the season, and Mortson led the team in scoring, with 24 goals, 51 assists, and 75 points. Despite the good start, the Whoopees could not make payroll in November, and resorted to giving players free rent and television sets to stay with the team. The Whoopees averaged only 1,100 spectators for home games, as Wednesdays and Sundays were church nights in Macon. The team forfeited a game against the Charlotte Checkers on January 17, 1974, when players refused to play due to not being paid. The team was eventually shut down by the Internal Revenue Service on February 15, 1974, for taxes in arrears. The Macon Whoopees won 22 games, lost 38 games, and had 2 ties, in 62 games played. Players Twelve Whoopees players also played in the National Hockey League or World Hockey Association: Ray Adduono Blake Ball Normand Cournoyer Bob Dupuis Ron Grahame Ed Hoekstra Jim McMasters Ron Morgan Keke Mortson Al Rycroft Jack Stanfield Gary Williamson Results Season-by-season results: References External links YouTube interview with Dan Jaskula, Georgia broadcaster and Macon Whoopees season ticket holder Category:1973 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) Category:1974 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state) Category:Cleveland Crusaders minor league affiliates Category:Houston Aeros minor league affiliates Category:Ice hockey clubs established in 1973 Category:Ice hockey clubs disestablished in 1974 Category:Ice hockey teams in Georgia (U.S. state) Category:Southern Hockey League (1973–1977) teams Category:Sports in Macon, Georgia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
SM UC-33 SM UC-33 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy () during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 29 August 1915 and was launched on 26 August 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 25 September 1916 as SM UC-33. In seven patrols UC-33 was credited with sinking 36 ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. UC-33 was shelled and then rammed by patrol boat PC61 captained by Frank Worsley at position in St. George's Channel on 26 September 1917. Design A German Type UC II submarine, UC-33 had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a length overall of , a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines each producing (a total of ), two electric motors producing , and two propeller shafts. She had a dive time of 48 seconds and was capable of operating at a depth of . The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a submerged speed of . When submerged, she could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . UC-33 was fitted with six mine tubes, eighteen UC 200 mines, three torpedo tubes (one on the stern and two on the bow), seven torpedoes, and one Uk L/30 deck gun. Her complement was twenty-six crew members. Summary of raiding history References Notes Citations Bibliography Category:Ships built in Hamburg Category:German Type UC II submarines Category:U-boats commissioned in 1916 Category:Maritime incidents in 1917 Category:U-boats sunk in 1917 Category:U-boats sunk by British warships Category:World War I minelayers of Germany Category:World War I shipwrecks in the Irish Sea Category:World War I submarines of Germany Category:1916 ships Category:U-boats sunk in collisions	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Brian France Brian Zachary France (born August 2, 1962) is an American businessman who is the former CEO and Chairman of NASCAR serving in the post from 2003 to 2018. A third generation executive in the sport of stock car racing, France followed in the footsteps of his grandfather (and NASCAR co-founder) Bill France Sr. and father Bill Jr. in running NASCAR. Time magazine named him one of the "100 Most Influential of the Century" in 2006 and he was named one of the five most powerful sports executives by The Sporting News in 2005. Early life France grew up in the racing world, learning the logistics of NASCAR from a young age; though he was able to enter the family business, he did not have a trust fund. His first job in racing was as a janitor at the Talladega Superspeedway. France studied at the University of Central Florida but did not earn a degree. Following his first few years of classes, he instead entered the NASCAR company in order to learn the family business. Early career with NASCAR France managed several short tracks, including Tucson Raceway Park in Arizona in the earlier years of his career. He also ran the NASCAR Entertainment Division in Los Angeles during the 1990s, creating associations between NASCAR and the entertainment industry. This included Hollywood films and projects advertising on NASCAR vehicles, the appearance of actors and other entertainers during NASCAR events, and NASCAR figures themselves becoming integrated into reality television, television dramas, cartoons, soap operas, Hollywood feature films, music videos, and mass paperback novels. In 1995, he became the creator of the Craftsman Truck Series, which was launched from the competition department under his tenure there. Following this he became the head of the marketing department, where he endeavoured to grow the product's youth audience, and began to move the company away from its title sponsor Winston cigarettes in order to facilitate this. His final position before becoming CEO was executive vice-president; he was also on the board of directors. CEO of NASCAR In 2003, France was named NASCAR's Chairman of the Board and CEO by his father, who preceded him. One of his first actions was to create a new rule that drivers were no longer allowed to race back to the start/finish line when under caution. After assuming control of NASCAR, France negotiated a title sponsorship from Sprint Nextel. He also introduced the Chase for the Sprint Cup over the transition period, receiving a $4.5 billion television contract for the initial ten race seasons, in addition to a later multibillion-dollar deal with NBC. Part of the Chase was to award more points to significant or "spectacular" wins instead of consistent winning, as NASCAR had previously done, introducing it as a form of "post-season" for the sport. He also made an effort to expand the audience base of NASCAR to minorities, and allowed Toyota vehicles to begin competing on the NASCAR circuit. He has also overseen NASCAR during a period of ratings drops, as well as attendance going down 15% over the period of his tenure, despite record television deals. Other ventures France also owns Brand Sense Partners, a Los Angeles-based licensing company that launched Britney Spears’ line of perfume. He and his wife are the founders of the Luke and Meadow Foundation, a philanthropic cause that focuses on children. In 2019, Amy and Brian France launched the Amy and Brian France Foundation to support grassroots philanthropy within local communities, creating a deeper impact and more sustainable, long-term benefits. One of the first big moves the Foundation made is partnered with Charlotte, NC-based organization SHARE Charlotte (sharecharlotte.org) by presenting SHARE's Spotlight Series, #SpotlightOnCLT. #SpotlightOnCLT is a content series which explores an important local issue each month through the lens of 460+ Mecklenburg County nonprofits, highlighting how their work is strengthening the greater Charlotte area and the many opportunities that local community has to be part of the solution. The goal of the Spotlight Series is a more informed, compassionate and engaged Charlotte. In addition to presenting this year’s Spotlight content, the France’s have pledged an additional $60,000 – money that will be given away as twelve $5,000 gifts to Spotlight-featured nonprofits throughout the year. Controversy On February 29, 2016, France endorsed Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election. This was controversial due to NASCAR's decision the previous July to pull its Xfinity Series and Camping World Truck Series award ceremonies from a Trump resort near Miami in the wake of the businessman’s comments about Mexican immigrants. On August 5, 2018, France was pulled over by the Sag Harbor, New York police after driving through a stop sign in the Hamptons, and subsequently arrested for DUI and possession of a controlled substance, later revealed to be Oxycodone. After his release, he announced that he would be taking an "indefinite leave of absence" from his role as CEO and chairman of NASCAR. It was later deemed permanent in 2019, with Jim France going on to take over the job permanently as chairman of NASCAR. On June 7, 2019, France made a guilty plea to one count of misdemeanor DUI and, in exchange, got 100 hours of community service and the order to complete an alcohol education course before June 5, 2020. If he completes the terms of his plea deal, the Suffolk County District Attorney’s Office will allow France to withdraw his guilty plea to a reduced charge of a traffic violation. References External links Luke and Meadow Foundation website Category:Living people Category:NASCAR people Category:Auto racing executives Category:1962 births Category:University of Central Florida alumni Category:American chief executives of professional sports organizations Category:France family	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Io (mythology) Io (; ) was, in Greek mythology, one of the mortal lovers of Zeus. An Argive princess, she was an ancestor of many kings and heroes such as Perseus, Cadmus, Heracles, Minos, Lynceus, Cepheus, and Danaus. The astronomer Simon Marius named a moon of Jupiter after Io in 1614. Mythology In most versions of the legend, Io was the daughter of Inachus, though various other purported genealogies are also known. If her father was Inachus, then her mother would presumably have been Inachus' wife (and sister) the Oceanid nymph Melia, daughter of Oceanus. The 2nd century AD geographer Pausanias also suggests that she is the daughter of Inachus and retells the story of Zeus falling in love with Io, the legendary wrath of Hera, and the metamorphosis by which Io becomes a beautiful white heifer. At another instant several generations later, Pausanias recounts another Io, descendant of Phoroneus, daughter of Iasus, who himself was the son of Argus and Ismene, the daughter of Asopus, or of Triopas and Sosis; Io's mother in the latter case was Leucane. Io's father was called Peiren in the Catalogue of Women, and by Acusilaus, possibly a son of the elder Argus, also known as Peiras, Peiranthus or Peirasus. Io may therefore be identical to Callithyia, daughter of Peiranthus, as is suggested by Hesychius of Alexandria. Io was a priestess of the Goddess Hera in Argos, whose cult her father Inachus was supposed to have introduced to Argos. Zeus noticed Io, a mortal woman, and lusted after her. In the version of the myth told in Prometheus Bound she initially rejected Zeus' advances, until her father threw her out of his house on the advice of oracles. According to some stories, Zeus then turned Io into a heifer in order to hide her from his wife; others maintain that Hera herself transformed Io. In the version of the story in which Zeus transformed Io, the deception failed, and Hera begged Zeus to give her the heifer as a present, which, having no reason to refuse, he did. Hera then sent Argus Panoptes, a giant who had 100 eyes, to watch Io and prevent Zeus from visiting her, and so Zeus sent Hermes to distract and eventually slay Argus. According to Ovid, he did so by first lulling him to sleep by playing the panpipes and telling stories. Zeus freed Io, still in the form of a heifer. In order to exact her revenge, Hera sent a gadfly to sting Io continuously, driving her to wander the world without rest. Io eventually crossed the path between the Propontis and the Black Sea, which thus acquired the name Bosporus (meaning ox passage), where she met Prometheus, who had been chained on Mt. Caucasus by Zeus. Prometheus comforted Io with the information that she would be restored to human form and become the ancestress of the greatest of all heroes, Heracles (Hercules). Io escaped across the Ionian Sea to Egypt, where she was restored to human form by Zeus. There, she gave birth to Zeus's son Epaphus, and a daughter as well, Keroessa. She later married Egyptian king Telegonus. Their grandson, Danaus, eventually returned to Greece with his fifty daughters (the Danaids), as recalled in Aeschylus' play The Suppliants. The myth of Io must have been well known to Homer, who often calls Hermes Argeiphontes, meaning "Argus-slayer." Walter Burkert notes that the story of Io was told in the ancient epic tradition at least four times of which we have traces: in the Danais, in the Phoronis— Phoroneus founded the cult of Hera, according to Hyginus' Fabulae 274 and 143—in a fragment of the Hesiodic Aigimios, as well as in similarly fragmentary Hesiodic Catalogue of Women. A mourning commemoration of Io was observed at the Heraion of Argos into classical times. The ancients connected Io with the Moon, and in Aeschylus' Prometheus Bound, where Io encounters Prometheus, she refers to herself as "the horned virgin". From her relationship with Phoroneus, as sister (or descendant), Io is sometimes called Phoronis. Gallery Notes References Ovid. Metamorphoses, Volume I: Books 1-8. Translated by Frank Justus Miller. Revised by G. P. Goold. Loeb Classical Library No. 42. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1916. Online version at Harvard University Press. Peck, William Thane (editor), The First and Second Books of Ovid's Metamorphoses, Ginn & Company, 1900. Tsagalis, Christos, Early Greek Epic Fragments I: Antiquarian and Genealogical Epic, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2017. External links Theoi.com: Io: naiad nymph of Argolis and Egypt Assembles the essential references in Greek and Latin literature, in translation. Io engravings by Goltzius from the De Verda collection Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (ca 250 images of Io and Argus) Category:Egypt in Greek mythology Category:Metamorphoses in Greek mythology Category:Greek mythological priestesses Category:Mortal women of Zeus Category:Mythological bovines Category:Children of Inachus Category:Characters in Greek mythology Category:Metamorphoses into animals in Greek mythology	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Eddie Brocklesby Edwina Brocklesby is the founder and director of Silverfit], a charity dedicated to the promotion of the health benefits of physical activity for older people. and triathlete. Eddie started running at age 50 and at the age of 74 became the oldest British woman to complete an Ironman triathlon. Born in 1943 Edwina was a social worker for 50 years, educated at the University of Nottingham with a bachelor's degree in Economics and them the University of Leicester in 1963 with a PhD relating to Adoption and Contact in 2009. Now based in Surrey, Edwina is a mother of three and grandmother of four. She has spent the last twenty years taking part in marathons, triathlons and Ironman races across the globe, has represented GB in many European and World triathlon and duathlon championships, cycled in a 4-person relay of over 3000 miles across America (Race Across AMerica) and completed five further Ironman triathlons Brocklesby founded Silverfit in 2013, a charity devoted to increasing physical activity and social inclusion for older people – having fun. It has gone from strength to strength and is now a success in 17 venues across 9 London boroughs. In April 2018 Brocklesby became a published author with the release of her autobiography, Irongran; leading to a wide range of TV, Radio, national and local newspapers and multiple magazines. References External links https://www.ageofnoretirement.org/stories/edwinabrocklesbyirongran https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/sep/22/75-year-old-triathlete-balance https://www.swimserpentine.co.uk/news-media/latest-news/running-riding-swimming-classic-exercise-for-eddie-brocklesby/ Category:1952 births Category:Living people Category:2013 establishments in England	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Coalgebra In mathematics, coalgebras or cogebras are structures that are dual (in the category-theoretic sense of reversing arrows) to unital associative algebras. The axioms of unital associative algebras can be formulated in terms of commutative diagrams. Turning all arrows around, one obtains the axioms of coalgebras. Every coalgebra, by (vector space) duality, gives rise to an algebra, but not in general the other way. In finite dimensions, this duality goes in both directions (see below). Coalgebras occur naturally in a number of contexts (for example, universal enveloping algebras and group schemes). There are also F-coalgebras, with important applications in computer science. Formal definition Formally, a coalgebra over a field K is a vector space C over K together with K-linear maps Δ: C → C ⊗ C and ε: C → K such that . (Here ⊗ refers to the tensor product over K and id is the identity function.) Equivalently, the following two diagrams commute: In the first diagram, C ⊗ (C ⊗ C) is identified with (C ⊗ C) ⊗ C; the two are naturally isomorphic. Similarly, in the second diagram the naturally isomorphic spaces C, C ⊗ K and K ⊗ C are identified. The first diagram is the dual of the one expressing associativity of algebra multiplication (called the coassociativity of the comultiplication); the second diagram is the dual of the one expressing the existence of a multiplicative identity. Accordingly, the map Δ is called the comultiplication (or coproduct) of C and ε is the of C. Examples Take an arbitrary set S and form the K-vector space C = K(S) with basis S, as follows. The elements of this vector space C are those functions from S to K that map all but finitely many elements of S to zero; identify the element s of S with the function that maps s to 1 and all other elements of S to 0. Define Δ(s) = s ⊗ s and ε(s) = 1 for all s in S. By linearity, both Δ and ε can then uniquely be extended to all of C. The vector space C becomes a coalgebra with comultiplication Δ and counit ε. As a second example, consider the polynomial ring K[X] in one indeterminate X. This becomes a coalgebra (the divided power coalgebra) if for all n ≥ 0 one defines: Again, because of linearity, this suffices to define Δ and ε uniquely on all of K[X]. Now K[X] is both a unital associative algebra and a coalgebra, and the two structures are compatible. Objects like this are called bialgebras, and in fact most of the important coalgebras considered in practice are bialgebras. Examples include Hopf algebras and Lie bialgebras. The tensor algebra and the exterior algebra are further examples of coalgebras. The singular homology of a topological space forms a graded coalgebra whenever the Künneth isomorphism holds, e.g. if the coefficients are taken to be a field. If C is the K-vector space with basis {s, c}, consider Δ: C → C ⊗ C is given by Δ(s) = s ⊗ c + c ⊗ s Δ(c) = c ⊗ c − s ⊗ s and ε: C → K is given by ε(s) = 0 ε(c) = 1 In this situation, (C, Δ, ε) is a coalgebra known as trigonometric coalgebra. For a locally finite poset P with set of intervals J, define the incidence coalgebra C with J as basis and comultiplication for x < z The intervals of length zero correspond to points of P and are group-like elements. Finite dimensions In finite dimensions, the duality between algebras and coalgebras is closer: the dual of a finite-dimensional (unital associative) algebra is a coalgebra, while the dual of a finite-dimensional coalgebra is a (unital associative) algebra. In general, the dual of an algebra may not be a coalgebra. The key point is that in finite dimensions, and are isomorphic. To distinguish these: in general, algebra and coalgebra are dual notions (meaning that their axioms are dual: reverse the arrows), while for finite dimensions, they are dual objects (meaning that a coalgebra is the dual object of an algebra and conversely). If A is a finite-dimensional unital associative K-algebra, then its K-dual A∗ consisting of all K-linear maps from A to K is a coalgebra. The multiplication of A can be viewed as a linear map , which when dualized yields a linear map . In the finite-dimensional case, is naturally isomorphic to , so this defines a comultiplication on A∗. The counit of A∗ is given by evaluating linear functionals at 1. Sweedler notation When working with coalgebras, a certain notation for the comultiplication simplifies the formulas considerably and has become quite popular. Given an element c of the coalgebra (C, Δ, ε), there exist elements c(1)(i) and c(2)(i) in C such that In Sweedler's notation, (so named after Moss Sweedler), this is abbreviated to The fact that ε is a counit can then be expressed with the following formula The coassociativity of Δ can be expressed as In Sweedler's notation, both of these expressions are written as Some authors omit the summation symbols as well; in this sumless Sweedler notation, one writes and Whenever a variable with lowered and parenthesized index is encountered in an expression of this kind, a summation symbol for that variable is implied. Further concepts and facts A coalgebra is called co-commutative if , where is the K-linear map defined by for all c, d in C. In Sweedler's sumless notation, C is co-commutative if and only if for all c in C. (It's important to understand that the implied summation is significant here: it is not required that all the summands are pairwise equal, only that the sums are equal, a much weaker requirement.) A group-like element (or set-like element) is an element x such that and . Contrary to what this naming convention suggests the group-like elements do not always form a group and in general they only form a set. The group-like elements of a Hopf algebra do form a group. A primitive element is an element x that satisfies . The primitive elements of a Hopf algebra form a Lie algebra. If and are two coalgebras over the same field K, then a coalgebra morphism from C1 to C2 is a K-linear map such that and . In Sweedler's sumless notation, the first of these properties may be written as: The composition of two coalgebra morphisms is again a coalgebra morphism, and the coalgebras over K together with this notion of morphism form a category. A linear subspace I in C is called a coideal if and . In that case, the quotient space C/I becomes a coalgebra in a natural fashion. A subspace D of C is called a subcoalgebra if ; in that case, D is itself a coalgebra, with the restriction of ε to D as counit. The kernel of every coalgebra morphism is a coideal in C1, and the image is a subcoalgebra of C2. The common isomorphism theorems are valid for coalgebras, so for instance C1/ker(f) is isomorphic to im(f). If A is a finite-dimensional unital associative K-algebra, then A∗ is a finite-dimensional coalgebra, and indeed every finite-dimensional coalgebra arises in this fashion from some finite-dimensional algebra (namely from the coalgebra's K-dual). Under this correspondence, the commutative finite-dimensional algebras correspond to the cocommutative finite-dimensional coalgebras. So in the finite-dimensional case, the theories of algebras and of coalgebras are dual; studying one is equivalent to studying the other. However, relations diverge in the infinite-dimensional case: while the K-dual of every coalgebra is an algebra, the K-dual of an infinite-dimensional algebra need not be a coalgebra. Every coalgebra is the sum of its finite-dimensional subcoalgebras, something that is not true for algebras. Abstractly, coalgebras are generalizations, or duals, of finite-dimensional unital associative algebras. Corresponding to the concept of representation for algebras is a corepresentation or comodule. See also Cofree coalgebra Measuring coalgebra References Further reading . Chapter III, section 11 in External links William Chin: A brief introduction to coalgebra representation theory	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Novarupta Novarupta (meaning "newly erupted" in Latin) is a volcano that was formed in 1912, located on the Alaska Peninsula in Katmai National Park and Preserve, about southwest of Anchorage. Formed during the largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century, Novarupta released 30 times the volume of magma of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Eruption of 1912 The 1912 eruption that formed Novarupta was the largest to occur during the 20th century. It began on June 6, 1912, and culminated in a series of violent eruptions. Rated a 6 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index, the 60-hour-long eruption expelled of ash, thirty times as much as the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. The erupted magma of rhyolite, dacite, and andesite resulted in more than of air fall tuff and approximately of pyroclastic ash-flow tuff. During the 20th century, only the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines and the 1902 eruption of Santa María in Guatemala were of comparable magnitude; Mount Pinatubo ejected of tephra, and Santa María just slightly less. At least two larger eruptions occurred in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) during the 19th century: the 1815 eruption of Tambora ( of tephra) and the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa ( of tephra). The Novarupta eruption occurred about from the peak of Mount Katmai Volcano and below the post-eruption Mount Katmai summit. During the eruption a large quantity of magma erupted from beneath the Mount Katmai area, resulting in the formation of a wide, funnel-shaped vent and the collapse of Mount Katmai's summit, creating a deep, caldera. The eruption ended with the extrusion of a lava dome of rhyolite that plugged the vent. The high and wide dome it created forms what is now referred to as Novarupta. Despite the magnitude of the eruption, no deaths directly resulted. Eyewitness accounts from people located downwind in the path of a thick ash cloud describe the gradual lowering of visibility to next to nothing. Ash threatened to contaminate drinking water and decimate food resources, but the native Alaskans were aided in their survival by traditional knowledge passed down through generations from previous eruptions. However, the native villages experiencing the heaviest ash falls were abandoned and the inhabitants relocated. Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes Pyroclastic flows from the eruption formed the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, named by botanist Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916. The eruption that formed the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is one of the few in recorded history to have produced welded tuff, producing numerous fumaroles that persisted for 15 years. Katmai National Park Established as a National Park & Preserve in 1980, Katmai is located on the Alaska Peninsula, across from Kodiak Island, with headquarters in nearby King Salmon, about southwest of Anchorage. The area was originally designated a National Monument in 1918 to protect the area around the 1912 eruption of Novarupta and the , deep, pyroclastic flow of the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. See also List of volcanoes in the United States Timeline of volcanism on Earth Parícutin, a cinder cone volcano in Mexico whose emergence could be fully observed. References External links USGS collection of descriptions of Novarupta USGS QuickTime video clip on Novarupta (36 seconds/0.8 MB) geology.com, Novarupta – topographic maps, annotated satellite images Alaska Volcano Observatory: Novarupta USGS Photographic Library – novarupta Category:1912 in Alaska Category:1912 natural disasters Category:20th-century volcanic events Category:Aleutian Range Category:Katmai National Park and Preserve Category:Volcanoes of Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska Category:Mountains of Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska Category:Lava domes Category:Mountains of Alaska Category:Natural disasters in Alaska Category:Subduction volcanoes Category:VEI-6 volcanoes Category:Calderas of Alaska Category:Volcanoes of Alaska	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sporophyll A sporophyll is a leaf that bears sporangia. Both microphylls and megaphylls can be sporophylls. In heterosporous plants, sporophylls (whether they are microphylls or megaphylls) bear either megasporangia and thus are called megasporophylls, or microsporangia and are called microsporophylls. The overlap of the prefixes and roots makes these terms a particularly confusing subset of botanical nomenclature. Sporophylls vary greatly in appearance and structure, and may or may not look similar to sterile leaves. Plants that produce sporophylls include: Alaria esculenta a brown alga shows sporophylls attached near the base of the alga. Lycophytes, where sporophylls may be aggregated into strobili (Selaginella and some Lycopodium and related genera) or distributed singly among sterile leaves (Huperzia). Sporangia are borne in the axil or on the adaxial surface of the sporophyll. In heterosporous members, megasporophylls and microsporophylls may be intermixed or separated in a variety of patterns. Ferns, which may produce sporophylls that are similar to sterile fronds or that appear very different from sterile fronds. These may be non-photosynthetic and lack typical pinnae (e.g. Onoclea) Cycads produce strobili, both pollen-producing and seed-producing, that are composed of sporophylls. Ginkgo produces microsporophylls aggregated into a pollen strobilus. Ovules are not born on sporophylls . Conifers, like Ginkgo and cycads, produce microsporophylls, aggregated into pollen strobili. However, unlike these other groups, ovules are produced on cone scales, which are modified shoots rather than sporophylls. Some plants do not produce sporophylls. Sporangia are produced directly on stems. Psilotum has been interpreted as producing sporangia (fused in a synangium) on the terminus of a stem. Equisetum always produce strobili, but the structures bearing sporangia (sporangiophores) have been interpreted as modified stems. The sporangia, despite being recurved are interpreted as terminal. Gnetophytes produce both compound pollen and seed strobili. References C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Fern. Encyclopedia of Earth. National council for Science and the Environment. Washington, DC Category:Plant morphology Category:Plant reproduction Category:Plant anatomy	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Brave People Brave People (), initially announced on release abroad by Mosfilm as The Horsemen, is a 1950 Soviet film, directed by Konstantin Yudin. The film starred Sergei Gurzo and Alexei Gribov, and was Yudin's first thriller film, as he had previously worked predominantly on comedies. The film was positively received and was the number one film in the Soviet Union during the year of its release. The film is set in the Great Patriotic War, but the plot, an adventure about a boy and his racehorse set in the Caucasus, is strikingly different from the grim realism of other war films of the era. Synopsis The setting of the film is USSR during the pre-war years. Vasiliy Govorukhin (Sergei Gurzo), a young stud farm worker, who has nurtured an excellent horse with the nickname Buyan; but the cruel trainer Vadim Beletsky (Oleg Solyus) has strong doubts concerning the outstanding qualities of the horse. True character of Beletsky is exposed during the Great Patriotic War; it turns out that he is a German spy and saboteur, also he has already prepared to convey the Soviet elite horses to the fascists. Stud farm workers, caught on occupied by Nazi troops territory, prepare and organize a Soviet partisan unit; his chief party organizer chose Kozhin (Nikolay Mordvinov). The detachment is intended for combat, intelligence and other operations behind enemy lines. Vasiliy Govorukhin, along with his faithful horse Buyan show their courage and resourcefulness; together they are to expose enemy spies and save the best horses from the export to Germany. This turns out to be a difficult task, because the Nazis take hostage Soviet women, children and old men and put them into a wagon, hitched to the rolling stock together with the horses ... Cast Sergei Gurzo - Vasily Terentevich Govorukhin, stud farm worker Alexey Gribov - Konstantin Sergeevich Voronov, Nadya's grandfather, senior trainer of the stud farm Tamara Chernova - Nadezhda Petrovna Voronova Oleg Solyus - trainer of the stud farm Vadim Beletsky who is also the German spy Otto Fuchs Nikolay Mordvinov - Kozhin, party worker, commander of the guerrilla unit Vladimir Dorofeev - Kapiton Kapitonovich, veterinarian Kapan Bader - Hakim, partisan Sergei Bobrov - Prohor Ilyich, director of the stud farm Oleg Potocki - Kolya Deviatkin George Gumilevsky - Uncle Stepan, herdsman Victor Proklov - herdsman Simon Svashenko - herdsman Rostislav Plyatt - von Schwalbe, a German officer References External links Category:1950 films Category:Soviet films Category:Russian-language films Category:Films directed by Konstantin Yudin	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gitter Gitter is an open-source instant messaging and chat room system for developers and users of GitHub repositories. Gitter is provided as software-as-a-service, with a free option providing all basic features and the ability to create a single private chat room, and paid subscription options for individuals and organisations, which allows them to create arbitrary numbers of private chat rooms. Individual chat rooms can be created for individual git repositories on GitHub. Chatroom privacy follows the privacy settings of the associated GitHub repository: thus, a chatroom for a private (i.e. members-only) GitHub repository is also private to those with access to the repository. A graphical badge linking to the chat room can then be placed in the git repository's README file, bringing it to the attention of all users and developers of the project. Users can chat in the chat rooms, or access private chat rooms for repositories they have access to, by logging into Gitter via GitHub (which does not involve sharing the user's GitHub password with Gitter). Gitter is similar to Slack. Like Slack, it automatically logs all messages in the cloud. Features Gitter supports: Notifications, which are batched up on mobile devices to avoid annoyance Inline media files Viewing and subscribing to ("starring") multiple chat rooms in one web browser tab Linking to individual files in the linked git repository Linking to GitHub issues (by typing # and then the issue number) in the linked git repository, with hovercards showing the details of the issue GitHub-flavored Markdown in chat messages Online status for users User hovercards, based on their GitHub profiles and statistics (number of GitHub followers, etc.) Browsable and searchable message archives, grouped by month Connection from IRC clients Gitter on iOS support authentication using GitHub or Twitter Integrations with non-GitHub sites and applications Gitter integrates with Trello, Jenkins, Travis CI, Drone, Heroku, and Bitbucket, among others. Apps Official Gitter apps for Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS and Android are available. Advantages and disadvantages Like other chat technologies, Gitter allows users and developers to instant message (both users with developers, and developers with each other). Because of its integration with Github authentication and its web-based chat client, it is easy for developers who use GitHub to create or join a chat room without needing to install any extra software, or create another username/password pair to remember. Maximalist GitHub permissions Gitter does not provide a regular password authentication. Instead, it asks for maximalist GitHub account permissions. Pervasive logging The fact that messages posted to Gitter chat rooms are preserved indefinitely in chat room logs means that all users can see all messages in a chat room going back to when the chat room was created, which is useful for finding previous discussions and solutions to problems. However, like logged IRC channels, Gitter has a tradeoff of greater convenience against lower privacy relative to unlogged IRC channels: messages in a permanently logged chatroom are by definition not ephemeral and may cause embarrassment for users who later regret making ill-considered offhand comments in a chatroom. History Gitter was created by some developers who were initially trying to create a generic web-based chat product, but then wrote extra code to hook their chat application up to GitHub to meet their own needs, and realised that they could turn the combined product into a viable specialist product in its own right. Gitter came out of beta in 2014. During the beta period, Gitter delivered 1.8 million chat messages. On March 15, 2017, GitLab announced the acquisition of Gitter. Included in the announcement was the stated intent that Gitter would continue as a standalone project. Additionally, GitLab announced that the code would become open source under an MIT License no later than June 2017. The source code has since been published in a set of repositories on GitLab's own instance of GitLab. Implementation The Gitter web application is implemented entirely in JavaScript, with the back end being implemented on Node.js. The source code to the web application was formerly proprietary (it was open-sourced in June 2017), although Gitter had made numerous auxiliary projects available as open-source software, such as an IRC bridge for power users who prefer using IRC client applications (and their extra features) to converse in the Gitter chat rooms. References Category:Instant messaging server software Category:Chat websites Category:Web applications Category:Open-source cloud applications Category:Computer programming tools Category:Business chat software Category:Internet properties established in 2013	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of Baetidae genera This is a list of 110 genera in the family Baetidae, small minnow mayflies. Baetidae genera Acanthiops c g Acentrella Bengtsson, 1912 i c g b Acerobiella c g Acerpenna Waltz & McCafferty, 1987 i c g b Acetrella g Adebrotus c g Adnoptilum c g Afrobaetodes c g Afroptilum c g Alainites c g Americabaetis Kluge, 1992 i c g Anafroptilum Kluge, 2011 c g b Andesiops c g Apobaetis Day, 1955 i c g Asiobaetodes c g Aturbina c g Baetiella Ueno, 1931 i c g Baetis Leach, 1815 i c g b Baetodes Needham and Murphy, 1924 i c g Baetopus Keffermüller, 1960 i c g Barbaetis Waltz and McCafferty, 1985 i c g Barnumus c g Bugilliesia c g Bungona c g Callibaetis Eaton, 1881 i c g b Camelobaetidius Demoulin, 1966 i c g b Centroptiloides c g Centroptilum Eaton, 1869 i c g b Chane c g Cheleocloeon c g Chopralla c g Cloeodes Traver, 1938 i c g Cloeon Leach, 1815 i c g b Corinnella c g Crassabwa c g Cryptonympha c g Dabulamanzia c g Delouardus c g Demoreptus c g Demoulinia c g Dicentroptilum c g Diphetor Waltz & McCafferty, 1987 i c g b Echinobaetis c g Edmulmeatus c g Edmundsiops c g Fallceon Waltz & McCafferty, 1987 i c g b (blue-winged olives) Glossidion c g Gratia c g Guajirolus Flowers, 1985 i c g Guloptiloides c g Harpagobaetis c g Herbrossus c g Heterocloeon McDunnough, 1925 i c g b Indobaetis c g Indocloeon c g Iswaeon McCafferty & Webb, 2005 i b Jubabaetis c g Kirmaushenkreena c g Kivuiops c g Labiobaetis Novikova & Kluge, 1987 i c g b Liebebiella c g Lugoiops McCafferty and Baumgardner, 2003 i c g Madaechinopus c g Mayobaetis Waltz and McCafferty, 1985 i c g Mesobaetis Brauer, Redtenbacher & Ganglbauer, 1889 g Micksiops c g Moribaetis Waltz and McCafferty, 1985 i c g Mutelocloeon c g Mystaxiops c g Nanomis c g Nesoptiloides c g Nigrobaetis c g Offadens c g Ophelmatostoma c g Palaeocloeon Kluge, 1997 g Papuanatula c g Paracloeodes Day, 1955 i c g b Parakari c g Peuhlella c g Platybaetis c g Plauditus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998 i c g b Prebaetodes c g Procloeon Bengtsson, 1915 i c g b Promatsumura c g Pseudocentroptiloides Jacob, 1986 i c g Pseudocentroptilum c g Pseudocloeon Klapalek, 1905 i c g Pseudopannota c g Raptobaetopus c g Rheoptilum c g Rhithrocloeon c g Rivudiva c g Scutoptilum c g Securiops c g Spiritiops c g Susua c g Symbiocloeon c g Takobia c g Tanzaniops c g Tenuibaetis c g Thraulobaetodes c g Tomedontus c g Tupiara c g Varipes Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty, 1998 i c g Vetuformosa Poinar, 2011 g Waltzohyphius Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1995 g Waltzoyphius c g Waynokiops c g Xyrodromeus c g Zelusia c g Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net References *	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tokelau (islet) Tokelau is an islet of the Nukunonu island group of Tokelau. Category:Islands of Tokelau Category:Islands claimed under the Guano Islands Act Category:Nukunonu	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Retrato Em Branco E Preto "Retrato Em Branco E Preto" (aka "Portrait in Black and White" and "Zingaro") is a Brazilian song composed by Antônio Carlos Jobim, with lyrics in Portuguese by Chico Buarque. Jobim wrote the song in 1965 as an instrumental piece entitled "Zingaro," which means "gypsy." In a later interview, Jobim said, "It was the story of a musician who eventually has to pawn his violin, has no place to work, is left without his music, totally empty- handed." He released the instrumental version on his 1967 album A Certain Mr. Jobim. Soon after, he approached Chico Buarque about writing lyrics for the song. Biographer Helena Jobim says that "Tom repeated the theme of 'Zingaro' over and over again, and loads of images, words, sounds, and harmonies came to both musicians.... Buarque recorded the melody on tape to elaborate on the verses at home. It was the first time they ever cowrote a song.... In this case, his verses were ready in just a few days.” The new piece was re-titled "Retrato Em Branco E Preto," which translates into English as "Portrait in White and Black." Jobim asked Buarque why he reversed the usual word order of "black and white". Buarque responded that if he had written "preto e branco" (black and white), the only word that would have rhymed was "tamanco," a kind of clog. The work in English, however, is known as "Portrait in Black and White." Chico Buarque released the first recording of the song with lyrics on his 1968 album Chico Buarque de Hollanda (Vol. 3). English Version An authorised English translation, Picture in Black and White, with lyrics by J.C. Schütz, was released in 2011 by Swedish singer Nina Ripe on her album Apaixonada which was nominated for Best Album of the Year by Swedish jazz magazine Orkesterjournalen. Recorded Versions Antônio Carlos Jobim – A Certain Mr. Jobim (1967), as the instrumental "Zingaro," and Inédito (rec. 1987, released 1995) Chico Buarque – Chico Buarque de Hollanda (Vol. 3) (1968) Nara Leão – Dez Anos Depois (1971) Elis Regina & Antônio Carlos Jobim – Elis & Tom (1974) Stan Getz with João Gilberto – The Best of Two Worlds (1975) Stan Getz & João Gilberto – Getz/Gilberto '76 (rec. 1976, released 2016) João Gilberto – Amoroso (1976), as "Zingaro," João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira (1980) and Live in Montreux (rec. 1985, released 1987) Gábor Szabó – Femme Fatale (rec. 1979, released 1981), as "Zingaro" Joe Henderson – Double Rainbow: The Music of Antonio Carlos Jobim (1995) Paquito D'Rivera – Brazilian Dreams (2002) Emilie-Claire Barlow – Like a Lover (2005) Toninho Horta - To Jobim with Love (2008) Chick Corea & Stefano Bollani – Orvieto (2011) Chet Baker – Sings And Plays From The Film "Let's Get Lost" (1989) and Chet Baker In Tokyo (1987) References Category:Songs with music by Antônio Carlos Jobim Category:Bossa nova songs Category:Brazilian songs	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Allobates vanzolinius Allobates vanzolinius also known as Vanzolini's rocket frog, is a species of frogs in the Aromobatidae family. It is endemic to the Amazonas state, Brazil. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss. Etymology The specific name vanzolinius honors Paulo Vanzolini, a Brazilian herpetologist and composer. References vanzolinius Category:Endemic fauna of Brazil Category:Amphibians of Brazil Category:Frogs of South America Category:Amphibians described in 2002 Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
What America Thinks What America Thinks is a syndicated American television show. It was hosted by opinion pollster and political commentator Scott Rasmussen from 2012 to 2013, and is currently hosted by Alex Boyer. WCBS-TV is the anchor station. The program, which is syndicated on over 120 stations, is produced by Telco Productions and Rasmussen Reports. Format The program features discussions of current events and public opinion with a guest panel. Guests have included Scott Walker, Howard Dean, and Rand Paul. An episode of the show, titled What New Hampshire Thinks, won a 2012 Granite Mike Award from the New Hampshire Association of Broadcasters. In June 2013, 60 additional stations signed up to air the show beginning on July 21, 2013, bringing the total number of stations airing the show to over 120. Episodes The following is a list of the show's episodes: References External links What America Thinks website Category:2012 American television series debuts Category:American television talk shows	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Battle of Italica The Battle of Italica was fought in 75 BC between a rebel army under the command of Lucius Hirtuleius a legate of the Roman rebel Quintus Sertorius and a Roman Republican army under the command of the Roman general and proconsul of Hispania Ulterior Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius. The battle was fought near Italica (a Roman colony in Spain) and ended in a stunning victory for the Metellan army. Background In 88 BC Lucius Cornelius Sulla marched his legions on Rome starting a civil war. Quintus Sertorius, a client of Gaius Marius, joined his patron's faction and took up the sword against the Sullan faction (mainly optimates). After the death of Lucius Cornelius Cinna and Gaius Marius, Sertorius lost faith with his factions leadership. In 82 BC, during the second war against Sulla, he left Italy for his assigned propraetorian province in Hispania. Unfortunately his faction lost the war in Italy right after his departure and in 81 BC Sulla sent Gaius Annius Luscus with several legions to take the Spanish provinces from Sertorius. After a brief resistance Sertorius and his men are expelled form Hispania. They ended up in Mauretania in north-western Africa where they conquered the city of Tingis. Here the Lusitanians, a fierce Iberian tribe who were about to be invaded by a Sullan governor, approached him. They asked him to become their war leader in the fight against the Sullans. In 80 BC Sertorius landed at the little fishing town of Baelo near the Pillars of Hercules (Gibraltar) and returned to Hispania. Soon after his landing he fought and defeated the Sullan general Fufidius (the aforementioned Sullan governor) at the Baetis river. After this he defeated several Sullan armies and drove his opponents from Spain. Threatened by Sertorius' success the Senate in Rome upgraded Hispania Ulterior to a proconsular province and sent the proconsul Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius with a large army to fight him. Sertorius used guerrilla tactics so effectively he wore down Metellus to the point of exhaustion while Sertorius' legate Lucius Hirtuleius defeated the governor of Hispania Citerior Marcus Domitius Calvinus. In 76 BC the government in Rome decided to send Pompey and an even larger army to help Metellus. In the same year Sertorius is joined by Marcus Perpenna, who brought him the remnants of the army of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus the rebel consul of 78 BC. Thus reinforced Sertorius decided to try and take the Spanish east coast (because the cities there support his enemies). His first target was the city of Lauron where, against Pompey, Sertorius showed himself to be the better general. Sertorius' forces massacred a large part of Pompey's army (see: the Battle of Lauron). Prelude In 75 BC Sertorius decided to take on Metellus and leave the battered Pompey to his legates Perpenna and Herennius. Pompey however defeated his opponents in a battle near Valentia and forced Sertorius to come and take charge of the situation, leaving Hirtuleius to deal with Metellus. Metellus and Hirtuleius were campaigning near the Roman colony of Italica when Hirtuleius made the mistake of trying to force his opponent into a pitched battle. The Battle Hirtuleius mustered his army some time soon after dawn and marched on Metellus's encampment trying to provoke his opponent into battle. Metellus kept his troops in his camp behind their entrenchments until noon. It was extremely hot and Hirtuleius's troops were soon sweltering out in the open while Metellus's legionaries remained relatively fresh. Since his enemy remained drawn up in front of his camp for hours, Metellus had plenty of time to study their dispositions and make his own plans accordingly. He observed that Hirtuleius had posted his strongest units in the centre of his battle line and decided to use this to his advantage. When the battle finally commenced Metellus held back his own centre and concentrated on winning on the flanks. After routing their opponents his flanks he enveloped Hirtuleius centre. This was the classic tactic used by Hannibal at Cannae almost a century and a half ago. It had worked then and it had worked now. Hirtuleius lost 20,000 men at Italica and, chastened, he fled north to join his commander Sertorius who was squaring off against Pompey. Metellus was right on his heels wanting to make the most of his victory by trapping Sertorius between Pompey and himself. Aftermath With Hirtuleius' army destroyed Metellus and Pompey had the opportunity to catch Sertorius between themselves. Metellus marched his army north to fall on Sertorius' rear, unfortunately Pompey decided to take Sertorius on before Metellus arrived and almost lost his army and life at the Battle of Sucro. When Metellus finally arrived Sertorius retreated toward Clunia in Celtiberia and reverted to guerrilla warfare. The war would drag on for another three years and only end because a few of his own men plotted against Sertorius and assassinated him. References Category:1st century BC in the Roman Republic Category:75 BC Category:70s BC conflicts Category:Battles involving the Roman Republic Category:1st century BC in Hispania	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
James Marshall (footballer, born 1893) James Marshall (born 1893) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as an inside left. Career Born in Winchburgh, Marshall joined Bradford City from Partick Thistle in June 1914. He made 33 league appearance for the club, scoring 12 goals; he also played in 4 FA Cup matches, without scoring. He left the club in September 1920 to join Oldham Athletic. Sources References Category:1893 births Category:Date of death missing Category:Scottish footballers Category:Partick Thistle F.C. players Category:Bradford City A.F.C. players Category:Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players Category:English Football League players Category:Association football inside forwards	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Last Exit to Brooklyn (album) Last Exit to Brooklyn is a soundtrack album by British singer-songwriter and guitarist Mark Knopfler, released on 3 October 1989 by Vertigo Records internationally, and by Warner Bros. Records in the United States. The album contains music composed for the 1989 film Last Exit to Brooklyn, produced by Bernd Eichinger and directed by Uli Edel. Critical reception In his review for AllMusic, William Ruhlmann gave the album three out of five stars, calling it Knopfler's "most ambitious and accomplished soundtrack." Ruhlmann noted that unlike Knopfler's first three soundtracks, the music for Last Exit to Brooklyn "did not sound like outtakes from Dire Straits sessions, but instead consisted of fully orchestrated scoring." Track listing All music was written by Mark Knopfler. Personnel Music Guy Fletcher – keyboards David Nolan – violin (4) Irvine Arditti – violin (9) Production Mark Knopfler – producer Bill Schnee – mixing Don Cobb – digital editing Denny Purcell – remastering Jonathan Russell – remastering assistant References External links Last Exit to Brooklyn at Mark Knopfler official website Category:1989 soundtracks Category:Film soundtracks Category:Mark Knopfler albums Category:Vertigo Records soundtracks Category:Warner Records soundtracks	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
GigaDevice GigaDevice Semiconductor is a Chinese NOR flash memory designer. It also produces microcontrollers, some of them are based on ARM architecture (GD32 series), and other on RISC-V architecture (GD32V series). GD32 chips were introduced in 2015 and are compatible in pinout and periphery options to STM32 line of MCU. Integrated Silicon Solution Inc. acquisition The company participated as part of the Chinese buyer consortium Uphill Investment Co. that acquired Integrated Silicon Solution Inc., a semiconductor company that is among the major producers of NOR flash, in 2015 for US$731 million. The buyer consortium beat out an offer by Cypress Semiconductor, a major competitor of GigaDevice in the NOR flash market. The buyer consortium of Uphill Investment Co. comprises eTown MemTek Ltd, Summitview Capital, Beijing Integrated Circuit Design and Test Fund, and Huaqing Jiye Investment Management Co., Ltd. GigaDevice along with Beijing ETOWN, an investment firm and economic development agency of the Beijing Municipal Government, were the equity holders of eTown MemTek Ltd. Microcontroller products GD32 series of MCU are based on ARM Cortex-M3 core. It was introduced in 2013 and consists of six product lines: Basic, Mainstream, Value, Connectivity, Performance, Extend. MCU frequency is in range 48-120 MHz. Some GD32 chips are pin-compatible with STM32 series of STMicroelectronics company. GD32V series was introduced in 2019 and replaces ARM Cortex cores with custom implementation of RISC-V MCU core named "Bumblebee Core" (designed by Nuclei System Technology). References Category:Electronics companies of China Category:Technology companies of China Category:Semiconductor companies of China Category:Companies based in Beijing Category:Companies established in 2005 Category:Chinese brands	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kid Pan Alley Kid Pan Alley is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in Washington, Virginia founded by Paul Reisler of the band Trapezoid in 1999 that provides group songwriting residency programs to children in schools across the United States. Kid Pan Alley's mission is "to inspire and empower children to work together to become creators of their own music and to rekindle creativity as a core value in education". Founder & Artistic Director, Paul Reisler, guides the students through the group songwriting process and together they complete the songs in two class periods. The group songwriting process begins at the beginning of the week with Kid Pan Alley instructors working with students in their typical classroom setting where the students will brainstorm ideas, vote on the song's subject, and create lyrics and melodies with the instructors until the song is completed. Each class will perform their song in front of their school and community at a concert at the end of the week. The program is known for promoting community awareness of the arts while creating opportunities for children to explore their creativity through songwriting in a school setting. They have released four full-length, compilation studio albums of songs written with children during their songwriting residencies including Tidal Wave Of Song in 2001, Kid Pan Alley Nashville in 2006, I Used To Know The Names Of All The Stars in 2008 and One Little Song Can Change the World in 2017. These albums feature artists including Amy Grant, Sissy Spacek, Raul Malo, Delbert McClinton, Kix Brooks & Cracker. Kid Pan Alley has written over 2,700 songs with over 60,000 children and their albums have won two Parent's Choice Awards, a WAMMIE award, a NAPPA Gold Award, and have also received one Grammy Award Nomination. History Kid Pan Alley began back in 1999 in Rappahannock County, Virginia when Reisler conducted the first Kid Pan Alley residency with a local Elementary school where he wrote over 50 songs with 600 children. Shortly after, Reisler invited professional musicians from the county to record 19 of the 50 songs, in their own style, to be featured on Kid Pan Alley's first album release, Tidal Wave Of Song. In the following years, Kid Pan Alley expanded to surrounding counties and states working with children in schools all around the U.S. Reisler chose the name Kid Pan Alley as a play on words derived from New York City's Tin Pan Alley. References Category:Music organizations based in the United States Category:Children's music	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Villa San Giovanni railway station Villa San Giovanni railway station () is the main railway station serving the town and comune of Villa San Giovanni, in the region of Calabria, southern Italy. It Opened in 1884, and it forms part of the Battipaglia–Reggio di Calabria railway. The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI). However, the commercial area of the passenger building is managed by Centostazioni. The station's main line train services are operated by or on behalf of Trenitalia. Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company. As the main point of arrival and departure of rail passengers between the mainland and Sicily, the station is a rail facility of national importance. In terms of passenger movements, it is the second busiest station in the Reggio Calabria urban area, and one of the busiest in the region. Additionally, it is a transit point for all of the goods transported by rail between the mainland and Sicily. Location Villa San Giovanni railway station is situated at Piazza Stazione, at the western edge of the town centre. It occupies Villa San Giovanni's waterfront area, between the town centre and the ferry terminal for ferries to Sicily. History The station was opened on 20 May 1884, together with the rest of the long section of the Southern Tyrrhenian railway between Reggio Calabria Lido (then named Reggio Calabria Succursale) and Villa San Giovanni. Soon afterwards, the construction company, the Società Vittorio Emanuele, handed over the facility to the new Società per le Strade Ferrate del Mediterraneo (). The latter company eventually completed the Southern Tyrrhenian railway in 1895. In that year, the importance of the station grew significantly, because for travellers coming from Sicily it was more convenient to take a ferry straight to Villa San Giovanni than to travel, as before, via the port of Reggio Calabria. On 1 March 1905, the station was connected by a new short railway with the Villa ferry port. This development facilitated the introduction of ferry services carrying railway rolling stock. As time went on, the importance of Villa San Giovanni gradually increased, to the detriment of Reggio Calabria, as the Tyrrhenian rail route to central and northern Italy was shorter than the alternative route via the Jonica railway. Movement of rail traffic across the Strait of Messina was also increased and strengthened by the introduction of Villesi cradles. The passenger building was built in 1937, as a project of architect Roberto Narducci. Train services The station is served by the following service(s): High speed services (Frecciargento) Rome - Naples - Salerno - Lamezia Terme - Reggio di Calabria Intercity services Rome - Naples - Salerno - Lamezia Terme - Messina - Palermo Intercity services Rome - Naples - Salerno - Lamezia Terme - Messina - Siracusa Intercity services Rome - Naples - Salerno - Lamezia Terme - Reggio di Calabria Night train (Intercity Notte) Rome - Naples - Messina - Siracusa Night train (Intercity Notte) Milan - Messina - Siracusa Night train (Intercity Notte) Turin - Reggio di Calabria Regional services (Treno regionale) Cosenza - Lamezia Terme - Rosarno - Villa San Giovanni - Reggio di Calabria Metropolitan services (Treno regionale) Rosarno - Villa San Giovanni - Reggio di Calabria - Melito di Porto Salvo Features Six tracks at the station are used for passenger services. The goods yard is very large, and its sidings are arranged into three distinct groups. Interchange The station has a bus terminus for ATAM and Costa Viola buses. It also offers interchange with ferries to Sicily. Images See also Reggio Calabria Centrale railway station History of rail transport in Italy List of railway stations in Calabria Rail transport in Italy Railway stations in Italy References External links This article is based upon a translation of the Italian language version as at January 2011. Category:Buildings and structures in the Province of Reggio Calabria Category:Railway stations in Calabria Category:Railway stations opened in 1884	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Pčelić Pčelić is a village in Croatia. Category:Populated places in Virovitica-Podravina County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kondylis Kondylis may refer to: Costas Kondylis, American architect Georgios Kondylis (1878–1936), general and Prime Minister of Greece Panagiotis Kondylis (1943–1998), Greek philosopher, intellectual historian, translator and publications manager Category:Greek-language surnames Category:Surnames	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sychesia subtilis Sychesia subtilis is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1878. It is found in Brazil and Suriname. Subspecies Sychesia subtilis subtilis (Brazil: Amazons) Sychesia subtilis megalobus Jordan, 1916 (Suriname) References Arctiidae genus list at Butterflies and Moths of the World of the Natural History Museum Category:Moths described in 1878 Category:Phaegopterina	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Moorestown Friends School Moorestown Friends School (also known as MFS) is a private, coeducational Quaker day school located in Moorestown, in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2015-16 school year, the school had an enrollment of 670 students (plus 57 in PreK) and 81.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.3:1. The school's student body was 62.7% White, 16.0% Asian, 11.6% Black, 2.5% Hispanic, 0.2% American Indian / Alaska Native and 7.0% two or more races. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Secondary Schools since 1991. MFS is also a member of the New Jersey Association of Independent Schools and the Association of Delaware Valley Independent Schools. Awards and recognition During the 1991-92 school year, Moorestown Friends School was awarded the Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education, the highest award an American school can receive. In 2007, Barbara Quinn Kreider, chair of the science department and chemistry teacher, was recognized as the New Jersey parochial school teacher of the year, after her successful freshmen science program was rated number one in the country. Historian James C. Scott dedicated his 1990 book Domination and the Arts of Resistance to Moorestown Friends School. History In 1781, a two-acre lot, located near the intersection of Chester Avenue and Main Street, was purchased. In 1785, a stone schoolhouse was erected and Joshua Hunt was the first teacher. In 1784, a lot at the western side of the community was purchased and a brick schoolhouse was erected. In 1827, the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, which the Moorestown Monthly Meeting is a part of, split into the Orthodox and Hicksite meetings. The Orthodox school stayed on the current site under the name "Moorestown Friends Academy", while a Hicksite school called "Moorestown Friends High School" a block away. The two schools recombined under the name "Moorestown Friends School" in 1920 at the current site. Upper school Upper school at MFS includes grades 9 through 12. The total average SAT score for the Class of 2013 was 1886, made up of Critical Reading 630, Math 628 and Writing 628. Community Service All Upper School students must complete 50 hours of community service, and many participate in service trips to places like New Orleans, the Florida Everglades, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Tanzania. Faculty make an effort to engage students in their local communities, including the city of Philadelphia. Clubs Extracurricular activities at MFS include Agenda Committee (similar to Student Government), Algorithms Club, Animal Awareness Club, Badminton Club, Barbecue Club, Chess Club, Chinese Culture Club, Computer Club, Dance Club, Disney Club, Diversity Committee, Drama Club, Dungeons and Dragons Club, EA Sports Club, Environmental Club, Film Club, Fellowship of Christians (FOCUS), Future Educators, Gender Equality Forum, Girl Up Club, Girls in STEM Club, Literature Club, Martin Luther King Jr. Club, Model United Nations, Ping Pong Club, Poetry Club, Political Action Club, PRIDE Club (the Gay-Straight Alliance), Service Committee, Sit-Com Clubs, Sports Debate Club, Ultimate Frisbee Club, Worship Planning. Middle school Middle school at MFS includes grades 5 through 8. Students take courses in English, Math, Social Studies, Science, and World Languages as well as in non-major courses such as Woodshop, Art, Music, Physical Education, and Health. Technology is an important component of education at MFS. Faculty advisors meet with middle school students daily to help them develop effective study skills. Middle school extracurricular activities include choir, band, theater, student government, robotics, architecture, web design, and newspaper. The students also have a variety of sports to choose from. Each Middle School grade level has a unique outdoor educational experience. Lower school Lower school at MFS includes preschool through grade 4. Beginnings at MFS During the 2012-2013 school year, the early childhood program at Moorestown Friends School rebranded itself as "Beginnings at MFS" to stress the importance of preschool, prekindergarten, and kindergarten in a child's development. "We consider the education of young children to be work of enormous importance. [...] This is a school where you will find an experienced, certified teacher with a Master's degree from the University of Pennsylvania leading a class of three-year-olds. Furthermore, in our early childhood classes, we maintain a ratio of one teacher to just 7 or 8 students." Academic technology Moorestown Friends School has more than 450 computers and laptops throughout the school, consisting of five computer labs, ten laptop carts and three mini-labs. Five of the laptop carts are for general use and two are for the middle and upper school Science Department. Mathematics, World Languages, and the lower school each have their own dedicated computer cart. MFS is predominantly a PC school; however there are several Macs and iPads available for use at every grade level. The school has a MacBook Pro cart for high-end graphical and media use and an iPad cart as well. They acquired high-quality video production equipment and created an editing studio capable of creating high, near-professional quality video. Numonic's interactive whiteboards with mounted projectors are in every classroom. The MFS campus has Wi-Fi accessibility throughout the entire school, and all upper school students are able to connect with their own personal devices. The MFS library houses a computer processing center for students to research and prepare written work. The library's online catalog is available via the network throughout the school or from home. Students are also able to check out laptops, iPads and digital cameras from the Library. Diversity 33% of the student body are students of color. The Camden Scholars Program The Camden Scholars Program at MFS provides opportunities to students from the Camden City Public Schools in Camden, New Jersey. Recommended by guidance counselors at Camden Middle Schools, candidates apply to Moorestown Friends School, visit classes, and are interviewed. Once selected by the Camden Scholars Committee and admitted, students receive a scholarship that provides virtually full tuition to MFS. Camden Scholars are encouraged to pursue their interests and develop their talents. Camden Scholars participate in clubs, serve as student leaders, are athletes and perform in plays. They go on overnight retreats and field trips. MFS has a Camden Scholars Coordinator who serves as a liaison to help participants adjust to their new learning environment and sustain a healthy and successful academic and extracurricular schedule. The school's Diversity Coordinator oversees student, employee and curricular diversity efforts throughout the entire school with the aid of a faculty/staff sub-committee. Meeting for Worship Each week, the MFS community gathers in the Meetinghouse, built in 1802, for Meeting for Worship. There are separate Meetings for each school division. Friends believe that each person has within him/herself, with God's help, the ability to discern truth. Participants use this time to pray, or worship or simply reflect deeply on the world around them, according to their own faith traditions. Since Friends believe that each person, no matter their age, is able to discern truth, all are welcome to speak from their hearts if so moved. It is expected that their words will be listened to from the same deep connection to the Spirit and provide insight for the listeners. When the Meeting for Worship is over, students on the facing benches close the Meeting by shaking hands. At this point everyone is invited to briefly greet their neighbor before settling back into quiet for dismissal. The Examined Life The phrase "Examined Life" is drawn from Socrates' axiom: "The unexamined life is not worth living." The goal of such a life is to integrate a tough mind and a tender heart. Moorestown Friends School's Examined Life Program has four components: Openness to a spiritual life, development and application of personal ethics in the community, critical thinking and development of resilience. Athletics Varsity and Junior Varsity sports include: baseball, basketball, cross country, field hockey, fencing, golf, lacrosse, soccer, tennis and swimming. Middle School sports offered are baseball, basketball, field hockey, lacrosse, soccer and tennis. MFS is a member of the Friends Schools League, which was established in 1981. Member schools are Abington Friends School, Academy of the New Church, Friends Central School, Friends Select School, George School, Germantown Friends School, Shipley School and Westtown School. The Moorestown Friends School Foxes also compete as a member of the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association, which allows the school's teams to compete for state championships. In keeping with Quaker philosophy, sportsmanship is stressed in all MFS athletics. The school's mascot is the Fox, named after George Fox, the founder of Quakerism. In 2017, the Girls' Soccer team won the NJSIAA Non-Public B state championship for the first time in program history.. The Girls' Soccer team also won NJSIAA sectional championships in 2017 . In 2014, the girls' soccer team won the NJSIAA Non-Public B South championship, defeating Gill St. Bernard's School, 5-0. In 2015, the team repeated as the NJSIAA Non-Public B South champion, defeating Holy Spirit High School, 3-2 in double overtime. The Boys' Soccer team won NJSIAA Non-Public B South titles in 2017 and 2015 . In 2016, they captured the program's first-ever Friends School League championship.. In 2015, the boys' soccer team won the NJSIAA Non-Public B South championship, defeating Holy Cross Academy (New Jersey) by a score of 2-0 in the tournament final. The Girls' Tennis team won the Friends Schools League championship in 2017. In 2017, the boys' tennis team won the NJSIAA Non-Public B South championship, defeating Rutgers Preparatory School 5-0. The girls' lacrosse team won the overall state championship in 1980, defeating Moorestown High School in the tournament final. The boys' cross country team were the 2007 South Jersey Non-Public B champions and state runner-up, which was the first cross country title in school history. The girls' tennis team won the 2005 South B state sectional championship with a 4-1 win over Sacred Heart High School. The 2007 team reclaimed the title, defeating Bishop Eustace High School 3-2 in the tournament final. The foil squad of the Moorestown Friends Boys fencing team won three consecutive foil squad state titles from 2004 to 2006. Senior John Gurrieri won the state individual foil title in 2006. Senior Erin Chen won the state individual saber title in 2016. Notable alumni Mary Ellen Avery (1927-2011), National Medal of Science recipient for her pioneering research on RDS in premature infants. Gloria Borders, sound effects editor best known for Terminator 2: Judgment Day, for which she won an Academy Award. Jake Burbage (born 1992), actor Judith Faulkner (born 1943, class of 1961), CEO and founder of Epic Systems, a healthcare software company. Fredric Jameson (born 1934), literary critic and winner of the 2012 Modern Language Association Award for Lifetime Scholarly Achievement. Mustapha Khan, Emmy Award-winning film and television director, best known for such films and television shows as Imagining America, Sesame Street, and The Electric Company. Matt Langel (born 1977, class of 1996), head coach for the Colgate Raiders men's basketball team. Alice Paul (1885-1977), suffragist leader. Michael Rutter (born 1933), psychiatrist in the United Kingdom who has been described as the "father of child psychology". James C. Scott (born 1936), Sterling Professor at Yale University. Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. (born 1941), astrophysicist and winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics. Bibliography Woodward, E. M. (1883), History of Burlington County, New Jersey, with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, Philadelphia: Everts & Peck, pp. 270-1 Hartman, Neil, et al. (editors) (1986), Moorestown Friends School, a history, Moorestown: Moorestown Friends School (publisher), 80 pages References External links Moorestown Friends School Website Beginnings at MFS (Moorestown Friends School Early Childhood Program) School Data for Moorestown Friends School, National Center for Education Statistics Category:1785 establishments in New Jersey Category:Educational institutions established in the 1780s Category:Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools Category:Moorestown, New Jersey Category:New Jersey Association of Independent Schools Category:Private elementary schools in New Jersey Category:Private high schools in Burlington County, New Jersey Category:Private middle schools in New Jersey Category:Quaker schools in New Jersey	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Cycling at the 2010 South American Games – Men's BMX 24 inches wheel The Men's BMX 24" wheel event at the 2010 South American Games was held on March 19. The qualifications started at 9:05, the semifinals at 10:05 and the Final at 10:40. Medalists Results Qualification Heat 1 Heat 2 Heat 3 Heat 4 Semifinals Heat 1 Heat 2 Final References Qualification Semifinals Final Category:Cycling at the 2010 South American Games Category:2010 in BMX	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Patrick Ferland Patrick Ferland (born 12 September 1965) is a Swiss swimmer. He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics. References Category:1965 births Category:Living people Category:Swiss male swimmers Category:Olympic swimmers of Switzerland Category:Swimmers at the 1984 Summer Olympics Category:Swimmers at the 1988 Summer Olympics Category:Sportspeople from Lausanne	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Brothers Schellenberg The Brothers Schellenberg (German: Die Brüder Schellenberg) is a 1926 German silent drama film directed by Karl Grune and starring Conrad Veidt, Lil Dagover and Liane Haid. It was based on a novel by Bernhard Kellermann. It premiered at the Palast-am-Zoo. Cast Conrad Veidt as Wenzel Schellenberg / Michael Schellenberg Lil Dagover as Esther Liane Haid as Jenny Florian Henri De Vries as Der alte Rauchenstein Werner Fuetterer as Georg Weidenbach Bruno Kastner as Kaczinsky Julius Falkenstein as Erster Verehrer Esthers Wilhelm Bendow as Sweiter Verehrer Esthers Erich Kaiser-Titz as Dritter Verehrer Esthers Paul Morgan as Schieber Jaro Fürth as Wucherer Frida Richard as Verarmte Witwe References Bibliography Kreimeier, Klaus. The Ufa Story: A History of Germany's Greatest Film Company, 1918-1945. University of California Press, 1999. External links Category:1926 films Category:1920s drama films Category:German drama films Category:German films Category:Films of the Weimar Republic Category:German silent feature films Category:Films directed by Karl Grune Category:Films based on German novels Category:Films based on works by Bernhard Kellermann Category:Films about twin brothers Category:Films produced by Erich Pommer Category:UFA films Category:German black-and-white films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Criollo horse The Criollo (in Spanish), or Crioulo (in Portuguese), is the native horse of the Pampas (a natural region between Uruguay, Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay, in South America) with a reputation for long-distance endurance linked to a low basal metabolism. The breed, known for its hardiness and stamina, is popular in its home countries. The word criollo originally referred to human and animals of pure-bred Spanish ancestry that were born in the Americas, or, in Portuguese crioulo, to animals or slaves born in the Americas. In time, the meaning of the word would simply come to refer to native breeds of the Americas. Breed characteristics The Criollo is a hardy horse with a brawny and strong body with broad chest and well-sprung ribs. They have sloping strong shoulders with muscular necks, short and strong legs with good bone structure and resistant joints, low-set hocks and sound hard feet. The medium to large size long-muzzled head has a straight or slightly convex profile with wide-set eyes. The croup is sloping, the haunches well-muscled, and the back, short with a strong loin. The criollo is tractable, intelligent, willing and sensible. Criollo horses average 14.3 hands high, being the maximum height for stallions and geldings of 14 to 15 hands high. The difference between the maximum and minimum height for mares is approximately 2 cm (one inch). The line-backed dun is the most popular color, but the breed may also come in bay, brown, black, chestnut, grullo, buckskin, palomino, blue or strawberry roan, gray and overo colors. The breed is famous for their endurance capabilities and ability to live in harsh conditions, as their homeland has both extreme heat and cold weather. They are frugal eaters, thriving on little grass. They have good resistance to disease and are long-lived horses. Breed history The breed dates back to a 1535 shipment of 100 Pure Bred Spaniards – Andalusian stallions coming from Cadiz, Spain, to the Rio de la Plata imported by Buenos Aires founder, Pedro de Mendoza. In 1540, the hostility of the native populace forced the Spaniards to abandon Buenos Aires and release 12 to 45 horses. When Buenos Aires was resettled in 1580, it is estimated that the feral horse population numbered around 12,000. Since they largely reproduced in the wild, the criollo developed into an extremely hardy horse capable to survive the extreme heat and cold, subsist with little water, and live off the dry grasses of the area. Settlers later came and started capturing horses for riding and for use as pack animals. The Native Americans had already been doing that many years before. Throughout the 19th century a large proportion of the horses were crossed with imported European Thoroughbred, coach and draft horse stallions, and a larger, coarser, long striding multi-purpose, saddle cart horse resulted. However, the crossbreeding nearly ruined the native Spanish horse type. In 1918, the Argentine breeders decided to create a pure-bred criollos registry, and the breeder's association was then formed in 1923. Much infighting occurred between the bands of Emilio Solanet and Enrique Crotto. The first promoted the Asian type crioulo and the latter the taller African type with a coarse convex head, fallen croup, thinner mane and tail. It was not until 1934 that Dr. Solanet was able to firmly take control of the breeders association. He set a new goal for the breed with a shorter, more compact stock horse which emulated the Chilean Horse breed that he admired so much. In 1938, 70% of the registered crioulos were culled because they did not possess the phenotype aspired by Dr. Solanet and his followers. The new breed standard, about which he had written in 1928, was finally made available to the public once he was assured that the breeders were more united in their breed objectives. It would not be until 1957 that the registry was closed for Argentine native breeds, but the registry has remained open for the Chilean Horse breed that has been so influential in giving shape to the crioulo as a better stock horse. Nevertheless, the breed maintains its own identity in a taller, leggier and squarer body conformation with a more angular hock that gives it the long stride it requires to cover the great distances in the flat Argentine plains known as "Pampas". The modern crioulo head has a straight facial profile and a shorter muzzle with longer ears than is typical in the Chilean Horse breed. Endurance The breeders implemented rigorous endurance tests to help evaluate horses for breeding. In these events known as "La Marcha", the horses are ridden over a 750 km (466 mi) course to be completed in a 75 hours split in 14 days. No supplemental feed is allowed. The horses are required to carry heavy loads of 245 lb (110 kg) on their backs and may only eat the grass at the side of the road. At the end of the day, a veterinarian checks the horses. Today, the horse is used mainly as a working-cow horse, but it is also considered a pleasure and trail horse which contributed a great deal to the Argentine polo pony They are also excellent rodeo and endurance horses. The national rodeo competition is known as "paleteada", and it involves a paired team of horses and riders that approach a steer from both sides at a full run. The steer is sandwiched in between the two horses that lean onto the bovine, practically carrying it down a 60 m long delineated path beyond which the horses must not go during the defined trajectory. It is an amazing demonstration of control that can literally pick up a steer and place it wherever it needs to be. One example of the breed's fantastic endurance was the ride made by the Swiss-born Argentine rider Professor Aimé Félix Tschiffely (1894–1954) between 1925-28. Tschiffely took two crioulos, 16-year-old Mancha and 15-year-old Gato, on a trek from Buenos Aires to Manhattan, New York, crossing snow-capped mountains, the world's driest desert, the thickest tropical jungles, riding in all types of weather. Alternating the riding and packing between the two horses, the trio took three years to finish the trip. Although Prof. Tschiffely went through many hardships on the trip, including a bout of malaria, from the Pampas across La Quiaca, from La Paz, to Cuzco, Lima, Trujillo, Quito, Medellin and Cartagena. They rode up to 5,900 metres above sea level, through Passo El Cóndor, between Potosi and Chaliapata, (Bolivia), the horses did wonderfully well in a wide array of extreme topographies and climates. Gato lived to be 36 and Mancha, 40. They lived the last years of their lives as celebrities in La estancia El Cardal (El Cardal Ranch), the breeding establishment of the man most credited for developing the crioulo breed, Dr. Emilio Solanet. In 1987, Jorge Saenz Rosas, owner of the Argentine Estancia Cristiano Muerto, offered his criollo Sufridor to the American Louis Bruhnke and the Russian-French Vladimir Fissenko for a horseback ride from the Beagle Channel in Tierra del Fuego up to the shores of the Arctic Ocean in Deadhorse, Alaska. After traveling for five and a half years, the ride was accomplished in the summer of 1993. Having made the entire journey, the Criollo Sufridor is likely the horse that has traveled the furthest in a single direction. The ride was chronicled in the book Sufridor, Emece (2000), written by Louis Bruhnke. Notes Footnotes See also Gaucho Gaucho sheepdog Pampas References Aimé-Félix Tschiffely, Le Grand Raid - A Cheval De Buenos Aires À New York (1925–1928), Belin, coll. « Les cavaliers de l'aventure », 6 November 2002, 269 p. () External links Asociación Criadores de Caballos Criollos de Argentina Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Cavalos Crioulos do Brasil Alemania: Caballos CRIOLLOS - Faszinierende Pferde aus Südamerika Associazione italiana cavallo criollo Criollo Breeder Society Uruguay Category:Horse breeds Category:Horse breeds originating in Argentina Category:Horse breeds originating in Brazil	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Korean Sign Language Korean Sign Language or KSL ( or ) is the deaf sign language of South Korea. It is often referred to simply as , which means signing in general. KSL is currently one of the official languages in South Korea, besides Korean. Beginnings The beginnings of KSL date from 1889, although standardization efforts have only begun in 2000. The first South Korean school for the deaf was established on April 1, 1913, in Seoul, and it was renamed as the National School for the Deaf in 1945, to be later renamed the Seoul School for the Deaf in 1951. Commonality Although the origins of KSL predate the Japanese colonial period (de jure beginning 1910), the sign language developed some features in common with Japanese Sign Language (JSL) grammar when Korea was under Japanese rule. KSL is considered part of the Japanese Sign Language family. Users According to the South Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare, there were 252,779 people with hearing impairment and 18,275 people with language disorders in South Korea as of late 2014. Recent estimated figures for the number of deaf people in South Korea range from 180,000 to 300,000. This is approximately of the population of South Korea. Official status The Korean Sign Language Law (), which was adopted on 3 February 2016 and came into force on 4 August 2016, established Korean Sign Language as an official language for the deaf in South Korea equal in status with Korean. The law also stipulates that the national and local governments are required to provide translation services in Korean Sign Language to deaf individuals who need them. The Korean Sign Language is managed and catalogued by the National Institute of the Korean Language (NIKL), which is a government agency tasked with providing authoritative commentary on Korean language in general. The NIKL, along with the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism, has worked to standardize KSL starting in 2000, publishing the first official KSL dictionary in 2005, as well as a common phrasebook by 2012. A searchable, online dictionary for KSL can be found at a NIKL webpage. Functional markers KSL, like other sign languages, incorporates non-manual markers with lexical, syntactic, discourse, and affective functions. These include brow raising and furrowing, frowning, head shaking and nodding, and leaning and shifting the torso. See also Korean manual alphabet Notes References Brentari, Diane. (2010). Sign Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ; OCLC 428024472 Wittmann, Henri (1991). "Classification linguistique des langues signées non vocalement," Revue québécoise de linguistique théorique et appliquée. Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 215–288, 283. External links Korean Sign Language Dictionary Category:Japanese Sign Language family Category:Languages of South Korea	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sensor (disambiguation) A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. Sensor may also refer to: Image sensor, in digital cameras, medical imaging equipment, night vision equipment Nokia Sensor, a software package Sensor (album), a 2003 album by Camouflage Sensor (comics), a fictional character SENSOR-Pesticides, a surveillance program Sensors (journal), a Swiss open access journal See also Censer, any type of vessel made for burning incense Censor (disambiguation) Censure Senser, a UK band Sensors (disambiguation)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ramtek (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Ramtek (Assembly constituency) is one of twelve constituencies of the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha located in the Nagpur district. It is a part of the Ramtek (Lok Sabha constituency)(SC) from Nagpur district along with five other assembly constituencies, viz Katol, Hingna, Umred(SC), Kamthi and Savner (Assembly constituency). Members of Assembly 1999: Ashish Jaiswal, Shiv Sena 2004: Ashish Jaiswal, Shiv Sena 2009: Ashish Jaiswal, Shiv Sena 2014: Dwaram Reddy, Bharatiya Janata Party 2019: Ashish Jaiswal, independent See also Mouda Parseoni Ramtek Ramtek Lok Sabha constituency References Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagpur district	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Moghul, Iran Moghul (, also Romanized as Moghūl) is a village in Kenarporuzh Rural District, in the Central District of Salmas County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 622, in 119 families. References Category:Populated places in Salmas County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ryan, Virginia Ryan is an unincorporated community in Loudoun County, Virginia. The community was once at the corner of Shellhorn, Ryan, and Waxpool Roads. It is now a part of the Ashburn communities. Category:Unincorporated communities in Loudoun County, Virginia Category:Washington metropolitan area Category:Unincorporated communities in Virginia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2001–02 NWHL season Final standings Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, Pts = Points. The Vancouver Griffins played a 31 game exhibition schedule, against male and female Canadian Interuniversity Athletics Union teams, British Columbia and Alberta provincial women's teams, and NWHL teams. Playoffs The Beatrice Aeros won the Championship of the NWHL. See also National Women's Hockey League (1999–2007) (NWHL) References Category:National Women's Hockey League (1999–2007) seasons NWHL	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
William de la Roche (lord of Veligosti) William de la Roche was a Baron of Veligosti and Damala in the Principality of Achaea, and a relative of the ruling Dukes of Athens of the de la Roche family. Life William's exact parentage and position within the de la Roche family is unknown. The 19th-century scholar of Frankish Greece, Karl Hopf, proposed that he was a brother of the second Duke of Athens, Guy I de la Roche, who at the time was supposed to be the nephew of the duchy's founder, Otto de la Roche. More recent research has established that Guy was in fact Otto's son, leaving William's identity open to question. He may indeed have been a son of Ponce de la Roche, Otto's brother, who was once believed to have been Guy's father, or alternatively a son of Otto like Guy, or a descendant of another branch of the family altogether. Whatever his origin, William by 1256 became the lord of the Barony of Veligosti (Miser Guglielmo de Villegorde in Marino Sanudo's history) in the Principality of Achaea. The exact manner of his acquisition of this fief is unknown. The barony originally belonged to the Mons family, but was probably ceded to William after Matthew of Mons married a Byzantine princess and left the principality. Hopf hypothesized that William may have married a sister of Matthew of Mons. William also held the region of Damala in the Argolid as a fief—apparently detached from the lordship of Argos and Nauplia, which was held by Guy—and the two domains of Damala and Veligosti became united under the same title. In 1257–58 he became involved in the War of the Euboeote Succession, siding with the Lombard triarchs of Euboea and the Republic of Venice against his suzerain, Prince William II of Villehardouin. As he was likely to lose his domain as a result of this act of rebellion, he was promised by the Venetians territory in the value of 1,000 hyperpyra in compensation. In the event, despite William II's victory in the war, he was pardoned and allowed to retain his barony in the peace treaty of 1262. William was succeeded by James de la Roche, evidently his son, while in the early 14th century, Renaud "de Véligourt", son of James and Maria Aleman, daughter of the Baron of Patras William Aleman, is mentioned as "lord of Damala" (sires de Damalet), after the family had lost Veligosti (Véligourt in French) to the Byzantines. References Sources Category:13th-century people William William Category:Barons of Veligosti-Damala	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Deutsche Telekom Deutsche Telekom AG (; short form in writing only: DT; stylised as ·T···) is a German telecommunications company headquartered in Bonn and by revenue the largest telecommunications provider in Europe. Deutsche Telekom was formed in 1995, as the former state-owned monopoly Deutsche Bundespost was privatised. The company operates several subsidiaries worldwide, including the mobile communications brand T-Mobile. As of , the German government holds a 14.5% stake in company stock directly, and another 17.4% through the government bank KfW. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. History The Deutsche Bundespost was the federal German government postal administration created in 1947 as a successor to the Reichspost. It was also the major telephone company in West Germany. On 1 July 1989, as part of a post office reform, Deutsche Bundespost was split into three entities, one being Deutsche Telekom. On 1 January 1995, as part of another reform, Deutsche Bundespost Telekom became Deutsche Telekom AG, and was privatized in 1996. As such, it shares a common heritage with the other privatized Deutsche Bundespost companies, Deutsche Post (DHL) and Deutsche Postbank. Deutsche Telekom was the monopoly Internet service provider (ISP) for the German Internet until its privatization in 1995, and the dominant ISP thereafter. Until the early 21st century, Deutsche Telekom controlled almost all Internet access by individuals and small businesses in Germany, as they were one of the first German telecom units. On 6 December 2001, Deutsche Telekom became the first official partner of the 2006 FIFA World Cup. On 1 January 2005, Deutsche Telekom implemented a new company structure. The two organizational business units of T-Com and T-Online were merged into the Broadband/Fixed Network (BBFN) strategic business unit (T-Online merged with parent Deutsche Telekom in 2006). It provides around 40 million narrowband lines, over 9 million broadband lines and has 14 million registered Internet customers. In 2008, the structure was changed again. T-Online was separated from Deutsche Telekom, and merged with T-Com to form the new unit T-Home. In September 2010, Orange parent France Télécom and T-Mobile parent Deutsche Telekom merged their operations in the United Kingdom to create the largest mobile network in Britain, EE. In April 2010, T-Mobile was merged with T-Home to form Telekom Deutschland GmbH. This unit now handles all products and services aimed at private customers. In October 2012, Deutsche Telekom and Orange created a 50-50% joint venture named BuyIn for regrouping their procurement operations and benefiting from economies of scale. In April 2013, T-Mobile US and MetroPCS merged their operations in the United States. In February 2014, Deutsche Telekom acquired the remaining parts of its T-Mobile Czech Republic division for around €800 million. The size of the remaining stake was numbered at 40 percent. In December 2014, it was announced that Deutsche Telekom were in talks with BT Group on the acquisition of EE, and part of the deal was to provide Deutsche Telekom a 12% stake and a seat on the board in the BT Group upon completion. BT Group announced agreement in February 2015 to acquire EE for £12.5 billion and received regulatory approval from the Competition and Markets Authority on 15 January 2016. The transaction was completed on 29 January 2016. In February 2016, at the Mobile World Congress, in Barcelona, Deutsche Telekom jointly launched the Telecom Infra Project (TIP) with Intel, Nokia, Facebook, Equinix, SK Telecom, and others, which builds on the Open Compute Project model to accelerate innovation in the telecom industry. In February 2020, Deutsche Telekom joined a new partnership called HAPS Alliance to promote the use of high altitude vehicles in the Earth's stratosphere with the goal of eliminating the digital divide. Finances For the fiscal year 2017, Deutsche Telekom reported earnings of EUR€3.5 billion, with an annual revenue of EUR€74.9 billion, an increase of 2.5% over the previous fiscal cycle. Deutsche Telekom's shares traded at over €14 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at US€68.4 billion in November 2018. Operations Deutsche Telekom also holds substantial shares in other telecom companies, including Central European subsidiaries Slovak Telekom (Slovakia), Magyar Telekom (Hungary). Furthermore, Magyar Telekom holds majority shares in Makedonski Telekom (North Macedonia), and Hrvatski Telekom (Croatia) holds majority shares in Crnogorski Telekom (Montenegro). DT also holds shares in the Hellenic telecommunication operator OTE, which also have shares in several other companies like the mobile operators Telekom Albania, Telekom Romania and the IT&C retailer Germanos. Deutsche Telekom also operates a wholesale division named International Carrier Sales & Solutions (ICSS) that provides white label voice and data solutions to large carriers including T-Mobile. Operation of telephone companies involves billing-software or "BSS". Deutsche Telekom`s T-Mobile billing was performed on Israeli-backend systems until 2014, when Ericsson was selected to replace the Israeli-backend. Deutsche Telekom Global Carrier Formerly known as Deutsche Telekom International Sales and Solutions. It is an international wholesale arm of Deutsche Telekom. The products include Voice Termination, Ethernet, IP-Transit, Mobile and Roaming as well as In-flight Internet Access for aviation industry. It operates a Tier-1 network. European Aviation Network Together with Inmarsat and Nokia, Deutsche Telekom develops a hybrid-network for faster internet access on board the planes in Europe. It is a combination of data transmission via Inmarsat Satellite and Deutsche Telekom's LTE ground stations throughout the European continent. Controversy In November of 2019, Deutsche Telekom was part of a controversy when word came out it had sued Lemonade Insurance, a New-York based company, for their use of the color magenta. Deutsche Telekom argued that the use of the color magenta by Lemon Insurance (and similar looking variations of the color) violated one of their trademarks. The lawsuit was reported by multiple online sources and eventually picked up on social media. Lemonade Insurance started an online campaign called #freethepink to gain support for using the color magenta. Amid concerns over Chinese involvement in 5G wireless networks in Europe, Deutsche Telekom temporarily put all deals to buy 5G network equipment on hold in 2019, as it awaited the resolution of a debate in Germany over whether to bar Chinese vendor Huawei on security grounds. International subsidiaries See also Deutsche Telekom eavesdropping controversy References * Category:German brands Category:Telecommunications companies of Germany Category:Telecommunications companies established in 1996 Category:Companies based in Bonn Category:1996 establishments in Germany Category:Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange Category:Multinational companies headquartered in Germany Category:Companies in the Euro Stoxx 50 Category:Government-owned companies of Germany Category:Tier 1 networks	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Designated Airworthiness Representative A Designated Airworthiness Representative (DAR) is a private person designated by the United States Federal Aviation Administration to act on its behalf in the certification of type certificated and amateur-built aircraft for the issuance of airworthiness certificates, special flight permits, import aircraft, export certificates for products and articles, conformity inspections and field approvals for repair and alterations. Most DARs have limited and/or certain "functions" authorized by the FAA based on their experience and technical background. A DAR may charge a fee for his or her services. There are two types of DARs, DAR-T (FSDO) and DAR-F (MIDO.) A DAR-F primarily inspects/certifies new aircraft that have never been issued an airworthiness certificate (original certification.) A DAR-T inspects/re-certifies aircraft (recurrent certification.) DARs work within their geographic region, a geographic expansion maybe obtained however starting in 2015 some of these expansion request have been denied due to national policy changes. The aircraft owner or agent of aircraft owner may contact a DAR directly, the local FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) or Manufacturing Inspection District Office (MIDO) for assistance. Consult the DAR Directory for a DAR in your area. References External links Designated Airworthiness Representative - Maintenance (DAR-T) Directory (PDF format) Designated Airworthiness Representative - Manufacturing (DAR-F) Directory (PDF format) Federal Aviation Administration - Designated Airworthiness Representative (DAR) Category:Aviation safety	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mattia Preti Mattia Preti (24 February 1613 – 3 January 1699) was an Italian Baroque artist who worked in Italy and Malta. He was appointed a Member of the Order of Saint John. Life Born in the small town of Taverna in Calabria, Preti was called Il Cavalier Calabrese (the Calabrian Knight) after appointment as a Knight of the Order of St. John (Knights of Malta) in 1660. His early apprenticeship is said to have been with the "Caravaggist" Giovanni Battista Caracciolo, which may account for his lifelong interest in the style of Caravaggio. Probably before 1630, Preti joined his brother Gregorio (also a painter), in Rome, where he became familiar with the techniques of Caravaggio and his school as well as with the work of Guercino, Rubens, Guido Reni, and Giovanni Lanfranco. In Rome, he painted fresco cycles in the churches of Sant'Andrea della Valle and San Carlo ai Catinari. Between 1644 and 1646, he may have spent time in Venice, but remained based in Rome until 1653, returning later in 1660–61. He painted frescoes for the church of San Biagio at Modena (app. 1651–2) and participated in the fresco decoration of the Palazzo Pamphilj in Valmontone (documented 1660–61), where he worked along with Pier Francesco Mola, Gaspar Dughet, Francesco Cozza, Giovanni Battista Tassi (il Cortonese), and Guglielmo Cortese. During most of 1653–1660, he worked in Naples, where he was influenced by another major painter of his era, Luca Giordano. One of Preti's masterpieces were a series of large frescoes, ex-votos of the plague (which were painted on seven city gates but have since been lost to the ravages of time), depicting the Virgin or saints delivering people from the plague. Two sketches are in the Capodimonte Museum in Naples. The bozzetto of the Virgin with the baby Jesus looming over the dying and their burial parties envisions a Last Judgement presided over by a woman. Preti also won a commission to supervise the construction, carving, and gilding for the nave and transept of San Pietro a Maiella. Having been made a Knight of Grace in the Order of St John, he visited the order's headquarters in Malta in 1659 and spent most of the remainder of his life there. Preti transformed the interior of St. John's Co-Cathedral in Valletta with a huge series of paintings on the life and martyrdom of St. John the Baptist (1661–1666). In Malta one also can find many paintings of Preti in private collections and in parish churches. His increased reputation led to an expanded circle of patrons, and he received commissions from all over Europe. Preti was fortunate to enjoy a long career and have a considerable artistic output. His paintings, representative of the exuberant late Baroque style, are held by many great museums, including important collections in Naples, Valletta, and in his hometown of Taverna. Gallery References Further reading External links Category:1613 births Category:1699 deaths Category:People from the Province of Catanzaro Category:17th-century Italian painters Category:Italian male painters Category:Italian Baroque painters Category:Knights of Malta Category:17th-century Maltese people Category:Paintings by Mattia Preti Category:17th-century Maltese artists Category:17th-century Maltese painters	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Wu Lingmei Wu Lingmei (born 16 February 1973) is a Chinese triple jumper. She won various silver medals at the 1998 Asian Games and the 1999 Summer Universiade. She became the Asian champion in 2002. Her personal best jump was 14.39 metres, achieved in June 1998 in Beijing. Competition record External links Category:1973 births Category:Living people Category:Chinese female triple jumpers Category:Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field) Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1998 Asian Games Category:Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field) Category:Asian Games silver medalists for China Category:Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games Category:Universiade silver medalists for China	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Büdingen Büdingen is a town in the Wetteraukreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is mainly known for its well-preserved, heavily fortified medieval town wall and half-timbered houses. Geography Location Büdingen is in the south of the Wetterau below the Vogelsberg hills at an altitude of approx. 160 meters. The city is situated 15 km northwest of Gelnhausen and about 40 km east from Frankfurt am Main. Historically, the city belongs to Oberhessen. Geology Büdingen is situated in a wet and swampy valley. The castle and the old town therefore rest on centuries-old oak planks, placed horizontally across vertical beech piles (poles). The water level has to be kept high enough so that no air can reach these foundations. Districts Since 1972, the municipality includes the following formerly independent villages: Aulendiebach, Büches, Büdingen (core or centre), Calbach, Diebach am Haag, Düdelsheim (the largest municipality), Dudenrod, Eckartshausen, Lorbach, Michelau, Orleshausen, Rinderbügen, Rohrbach, Vonhausen, Wolf, and Wolferborn. In the same year, the district (Landkreis) of Büdingen was dissolved, and Büdingen and the district of Friedberg formed the Wetteraukreis, with Friedberg becoming the new district capital. History Around 700 the wooden church of Saint Remigius was built by an unknown lord. In 847 a "Büdingen" was named in a document for the first time, but it is not clear which Büdingen was meant, because there are some other smaller towns with the same name in Germany and Lorraine. An additional floor was added to St. Remigius's church in about 1050 and the building has basically remained unchanged since then. In 1131 the House of Büdingen were mentioned for the first time. They became Burggrafen of Gelnhausen in 1155. The villa () Büdingen was officially mentioned in 1206. The ruling House of Büdingen died out with Gerlach II before 1247. Their heirs were the houses of Hohenlohe-Brauneck, of Isenburg-Kempenich, of Trimberg, of Hohenlohe and of Isenburg. On 26 July 1330, Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV granted the status of a market town to Luther of Büdingen. With his edict of liberty in 1353, Burggraf Heinrich II granted freedom and some independence to the people of Büdingen. In return the people had to defend the city, so the Marksmen's Society was founded. This society still exists today as one of the oldest rifle associations in Germany. Since 1442 the masters of Büdingen have been known as Grafen of Isenburg-Büdingen. After a local war, Graf Ludwig II built an enormous new defensive wall with 22 towers around the old stronghold between 1480 and 1510. These walls are still nearly completely extant and they are one of the most important medieval fortifications in Germany. In 1521, Martin Luther allegedly passed through. In the same year, the town became Protestant, later to become Calvinist. In 1576, the Black Death killed many inhabitants, as it did again in 1632. In 1590, a great fire destroyed many buildings. Between 1633 and 1634 114 people were victims of witch hunting, although the first prosecutions took place in 1567. During the Thirty Years' War, in 1634, the town was taken by Imperial troops, who defeated the Swedish occupants. In 1578 Emperor Rudolf II rewarded the Grafen/Counts of Büdingen with the "Jubilate"-market (from the Latin word jubilate: "to praise"); an occasion for feasting. In 1806 the County of Ysenburg-Büdingen was annexed to the Principality of Isenburg-Birstein. After the Congress of Vienna, the Principality of Isenburg was divided in 1816 between the Grand Duchy of Hessen-Darmstadt and the Electorate of Hessen; Büdingen went to Hesse-Darmstadt. In 1840, Graf Ernst Casimir III was promoted by a decree of the Grand Duke to the status of hereditary prince. In 1601 Graf Wolfgang Ernst founded the Latin School, known today as the Wolfgang-Ernst-Gymnasium. In 1712 Graf Ernst Casimir I issued an edict of tolerance permitting religious dissenters to settle in Büdingen. As a result, by 1724 there was a suburb at the Lower Gate (Jerusalem Gate) where Huguenots, Waldensians, sectarians, and other separationists lived. In 1822, administration and justice were split in the Grand-Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt. Büdingen became seat of the Büdingen counties lawcourt, which was followed in 1852 by the installation of the district of Büdingen. In 1839, the laborers' school (later called the trade school) was founded. The Mathildenhospital was built between 1867 and 1868. In 1879, a credit union (today the Volksbank), was founded. In 1936 Büdingen became a garrison town; U.S. troops were stationed there since 1945. The last American troops (1st Squadron, 1st Cavalry Regiment) departed Büdingen on 15 August 2007, ending 71 years of town history as a military garrison. Mail service between Büdingen and Frankfurt am Main began in 1739: one mail coach and two mounted messengers a week. The Gießen–Gelnhausen railway, including Büdingen station was opened between Büdingen and Gelnhausen on 30 November 1870. In 1879 the new Gymnasium was built, including a gym and the principal's residence. Between 1888 and 1895 built a water main and began partial installation of a sewage system. The municipal gas works was established in 1910, and Büdingen received electric light in 1913. Trivia Büdingen was the home to the 1st Squadron, 1st Cavalry Regiment (1-1 CAV), the Division Cavalry unit for the United States Army's 1st Armored Division. Büdingen was formerly the home to the 3rd Squadron, U.S. 12th Cavalry Regiment (3-12 CAV), the Division Cavalry unit for the United States Army's 3rd Armored Division from 1957 to 1989. In February 1989 it was reflagged as the 4th Squadron, 7th Cavalry. The town was also formerly home to the 3rd Battalion, 61st Air Defense Artillery (later 3/5 ADA), the Division ADA unit for the 3rd Armored Division (the Spearhead division). Albert Einstein visited the castle museum incognito in 1952, but confirmed this later in a letter Governance Town twinning Sons and daughters of the town Diether von Isenburg (1412-1482), Archbishop of Mainz (1459-1463 and 1475-1482). Johann Samuel König (1712-1757), mathematician (König's theorem (kinetics)) Johannes Jährig (1741-1795), Mongols - researcher and translator of Tibetan and Mongolian texts. Ernst Casimir II, 2nd Prince of Ysenburg and Büdingen (1808-1861), 2nd Prince to Ysenburg and Büdingen Bruno, 3rd Prince of Ysenburg and Büdingen (1837-1906), 3. Prince to Ysenburg-Büdingen Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudichum (1829-1901), founder of the Brain Chemistry Erich Geißler (1895-1967), Generalmajor, bearer of the Iron Cross Cross Ado Kraemer (1898-1972 in Berlin), chess composer Gerhard Wies (born 1961), silver medal winners in the Paralympics 2004 in Athens Other personalities associated with the town: Erasmus Alber, also Alberus (around 1500-1553) German theologian, reformer and poet, about 1520 teacher in Büdingen Hermann von Ihering (1850-1930), physician, zoologist and [paleontologist] lived here the last nine years of his life and is buried in Büdingen. Christian Schwarz-Schilling, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2006-2007), former Federal Minister of the Interior (1982-1992) and member of the German Bundestag for the CDU (1976-2002). Schwarz-Schilling was managing director of the Accumulatorenfabrik Sonnenschein from 1957 to 1982. Siegfried Müller, (born 1935), Social Democrat and trade unionist. References External links Büdingen-Touristik Fürst zu Ysenburg und Büdingen Category:Wetteraukreis	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Big Falls Big Falls may refer to a location: Belize Big Falls, Belize, a village in Toledo District, Belize Canada Multiple waterfalls in Nova Scotia, see List of waterfalls in Canada United States Big Falls in Waterfalls in Idaho Big Falls, Minnesota, a small city Big Falls, Rusk County, Wisconsin, a town Big Falls, Waupaca County, Wisconsin, a village Big Falls, the largest of the Missouri River waterfalls near Great Falls, Montana	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Zote (soap) Zote is a Mexican brand of laundry soap. The pink colored laundry soap is very popular for hand washing clothes and pretreating oily stains. The original pink soap is big, solid and weighs 14.1 oz. The Soap The soap is intended for laundry for its stain removing and whitening properties. Some Mexican women use it as a bathing soap. The ingredients are sodium tallowate (animal fat), sodium cocoate, Citronella oil (fragrance), glycerin and optical brightener. See also Fels-Naptha List of cleaning products References Category:Cleaning product brands Category:Soap brands Category:Mexican brands	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Charco del Palo Charco del Palo is a naturist holiday village on the north-eastern coast of Lanzarote, in the Canary Islands. The village was established around 1970 by the German entrepreneur Gregor Kaiser. In due course, it has developed into a popular naturist resort. It was the first official naturist resort established in the Canaries: nudity is permitted everywhere in the village, and practised universally. Its isolated location, at the end of a dedicated three kilometer long access road, helps to achieve privacy, while the village remains open to all. Visitors are mainly German, British, and Dutch. The village's population increased from 82 in the year 2000 to 229 in 2011, it has subsequently declined to 156 in 2013. The development was originally named Castillo de Papagayo, but since this causes confusion with the well-known Playa de Papagayo nude beach in the region of Playa Blanca in southern Lanzarote, the name Charco del Palo, which refers to a nearby prominent coastal pool now developed for bathing, has become standard. Most of the bungalows and apartments are private property; many are being rented out when their owners are not using them. The German nudist travel organization Oböna owns an apartment complex here as well. The village has a few restaurants (Lily's Bar, Jardin Tropical, and Cueva Paloma) and a small supermarket. The terraces of Lily's Bar, Jardin Tropical and Cueva Paloma do allow (and frequently see) naked use. The village is built on pale sandy soil, but the coast is rocky, with no beaches. However, three sheltered coves have been developed for safe bathing. Charco del Palo is located near the villages of Mala and Guatiza, both about away, which are served by a regular bus route between the island's capital Arrecife and the north of the island. The surrounding countryside is dominated by fields of prickly pear cactus (known locally as tunera), on which cochineal beetles are reared, and a few small extinct volcano cones. The village lies mostly within the municipality of Haría, but the border with Teguise cuts through the southern part. All the public land in the area is owned by the original developer, who is responsible for providing public services. However, in recent times, residents have been complaining about neglect of public services such as sewerage, paving, and public lighting, and have been campaigning for the municipalities to assume responsibility for maintenance. Notes and references Further reading External links Bus Routes and Timetable Category:Naturism in Spain Category:Naturist resorts Category:Nude beaches Category:Populated places in Lanzarote	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Chic Brodie Chic Brodie may refer to: Chic Brodie (footballer) (1937–2000), Scottish footballer Chic Brodie (politician) (born 1944), member of the Scottish Parliament	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
John Chrystie John Chrystie (4 January 1788 – 23 July 1813) was a United States Army officer who played a major but controversial part in the Battle of Queenston Heights during the War of 1812. Chrystie was commissioned as a first lieutenant in May 1808. In March 1812 (at the age of 24), he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the 13th U.S. Infantry. At Queenston Heights, he was to command the regular contingent in the initial crossing of the Niagara River from New York State into Ontario. He crossed over the Canadian side of the river once a secure foothold had been established, but his boat crew panicked and returned to the American side of the river, and was absent when the U.S. troops who had crossed were cut off and forced to surrender. He was blamed for the American defeat by Colonel Solomon Van Rensselaer and other officers. Chrystie was accused of cowardice after the incident. Despite this, he was promoted to colonel the following year. Chrystie died of natural causes on 23 July 1813, and was buried in Niagara Falls, New York. Chrystie Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan is named for him. References External links Find a Grave galafilm 1812 site Category:United States Army officers Category:American army personnel of the War of 1812 Category:1788 births Category:1813 deaths Category:Place of birth missing Category:Place of death missing	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tropological reading Tropological reading is a Christian tradition, theory, and practice of interpreting the figurative meaning of the Bible. It is part of Biblical exegesis. Application According to ideas developed by the Church Fathers, the literal meaning, or God-intended meaning of the words of the Bible, may be either figurative or non-figurative; for instance, in the Song of Songs (also called Canticles or Song of Solomon), the inspired meaning is always figurative. The typical meaning is the inspired meaning of words referring to persons, things, and actions of the Old Testament which are inspired types of persons, things, and actions of the New Testament. The early uses of allegory and tropology were very close. Later a clearer distinction was made between the allegorical mystical, and tropological moral, styles of interpretation. Literary critic Henry Louis Gates also defines tropological revision in relation to African-American literature, in his work The Signifying Monkey. Etymology The Ancient Greek word τρόπος (tropos) meant 'turn, way, manner, style'. The term τροπολογία (tropologia) was coined from this word around the second century CE, in Hellenistic Greek, to mean 'allegorical interpretation of scripture' (and also, by the fourth century, 'figurative language' more generally). The Greek word τρόπος had already been borrowed into Classical Latin as tropus, meaning 'figure of speech', and the Latinised form of τροπολογία, tropologia, is found already in the fourth-century writing of Saint Jerome in the sense 'figurative language', and by the fifth century in sense 'moral interpretation'. This Latin term was adopted in medieval French as tropologie, and English developed the form tropology in the fifteenth century through the simultaneous influence of French and Latin. See also Trope (linguistics) Biblical hermeneutics Anagoge Allegorical interpretation of the Bible Allegory Historical-grammatical method Notes References Attribution Category:Biblical exegesis Category:Tropes	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Scoparia autumna Scoparia autumna is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. Taxonomy This species was described by Alfred Philpott in 1927. However the placement of this species within the genus Scoparia is in doubt. As a result, this species has also been referred to as Scoparia (s.l.) autumna. Description The wingspan is 25–27 mm. The forewings are grey mixed with white and with dark chocolate brown markings. The hindwings are ochreous-grey, tinged with fuscous around the apex and termen. Adults have been recorded on wing in April and May. References Category:Moths described in 1927 Category:Moths of New Zealand Category:Scopariinae Category:Endemic fauna of New Zealand	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Haskell, Oklahoma Haskell is a town in Muskogee County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 2,007 at the 2010 census, a gain of 13.7 percent from 1,765 at the 2000 census. Haskell was established in 1904 on the Midland Valley Railroad. It was named for town site developer Charles N. Haskell, who would become the first governor of the state of Oklahoma in 1907. History Haskell was founded about one and a half miles northeast of the Muscogee Creek Nation town of Sawokla, which already had a post office, a store and a cotton gin. Sawokla was a Hitachita town and had been the home of Creek Chief, Samuel Checote. The original tract had been allotted to Amos Rolland, a member of the Creek Nation. The store and gin relocated from Sawokla to Haskell as soon as the railroad was completed in 1904. The first store, S. Beshara and Brothers, was started in a tent by two immigrants from Syria. Haskell's first post office was established in 1902, with Nat Lambertson, owner of a new hardware and general store, appointed as first postmaster. Other early businesses were C. E. Henson's general store and A. J. Englert's mill and elevator. The Haskell National Bank was organized in 1904, soon followed by the First National Bank, the International Bank, and the Arkansas Valley Bank. In the early 1990s, the town appointed Charlie B. White, a native son, its first black mayor. He died on March 17, 2013. The railroad enabled farmers near Haskell to ship their produce (grain, hay, corn, melons and cotton) to northern and eastern markets. Haskell counted 720 residents at the time of statehood in 1907. The Robertson Memorial Presbyterian Church, named for a noted missionary family who had lived in the area, was built in 1909. The President of Henry Kendall College, came from Muskogee to preside over the dedication. The building is still in use in the 21st Century. Gas and oil were discovered near Haskell in 1910.This sparked a period of prosperity, and Haskell soon could boast of improvements such as paved streets, concrete sidewalks, electric lights, natural gas lines, and water works. Completion of the Tulsa-Muskogee Turnpike in 1969, bypassed Haskell and diverted much road traffic from U.S. Highway 64. This caused a significant loss of revenue for many businesses in town. Geography Haskell is located at (35.819951, -95.676956). It is northwest of Muskogee. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 1,765 people, 679 households, and 482 families residing in the town. The population density was 812.1 people per square mile (314.0/km²). There were 763 housing units at an average density of 351.1 per square mile (135.8/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 72.75% White, 8.90% African American, 10.88% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.06% from other races, and 7.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.68% of the population. There were 679 households out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.06. In the town, the population was spread out with 27.2% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.2 males. The median income for a household in the town was $25,542, and the median income for a family was $29,196. Males had a median income of $26,413 versus $19,926 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,805. About 17.8% of families and 21.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.4% of those under age 18 and 19.2% of those age 65 or over. Governance Haskell is governed by a Town Board of Trustees, which consists of five trustees, each nominated from different wards of the town. Each candidate must live in the ward from which he or she is nominated. The trustees are then elected at large. The mayor is elected from the Board of Trustees. The board establishes ordinances (laws) and resolutions (policy) and rates for services. Notable people Charlie B. White (1917 - 2013), born in Haskell, became Haskell's first black mayor. William M. Guy (1930-2009) Owner/Editor/Publisher The Haskell News Award Winning Weekly Newspaper 1962-2012 Mr. Guy was instrumental in bringing a number of businesses to Haskell. Was on the board of the Kerr/McLellan Navigation on the Arkansas River. References External links Haskell Chamber of Commerce Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Haskell Category:Towns in Muskogee County, Oklahoma Category:Towns in Oklahoma Category:Populated places established in 1904	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Computer file A computer file is a computer resource for recording data discretely in a computer storage device. Just as words can be written to paper, so can information be written to a computer file. Files can be edited and transferred through the internet on that particular computer system. There are different types of computer files, designed for different purposes. A file may be designed to store a picture, a written message, a video, a computer program, or a wide variety of other kinds of data. Some types of files can store several types of information at once. By using computer programs, a person can open, read, change, save, and close a computer file. Computer files may be reopened, modified, and copied an arbitrary number of times. Typically, files are organised in a file system, which keeps track of where the files are located on disk and enables user access. Etymology The word "file" derives from the Latin filum ("a thread"). "File" was used in the context of computer storage as early as January 1940. In Punched Card Methods in Scientific Computation, W. J. Eckert stated, "The first extensive use of the early Hollerith Tabulator in astronomy was made by Comrie. He used it for building a table from successive differences, and for adding large numbers of harmonic terms". "Tables of functions are constructed from their differences with great efficiency, either as printed tables or as a file of punched cards." In February 1950, in a Radio Corporation of America (RCA) advertisement in Popular Science magazine describing a new "memory" vacuum tube it had developed, RCA stated: "the results of countless computations can be kept 'on file' and taken out again. Such a 'file' now exists in a 'memory' tube developed at RCA Laboratories. Electronically it retains figures fed into calculating machines, holds them in storage while it memorizes new ones – speeds intelligent solutions through mazes of mathematics." In 1952, "file" denoted, among other things, information stored on punched cards. In early use, the underlying hardware, rather than the contents stored on it, was denominated a "file". For example, the IBM 350 disk drives were denominated "disk files". The introduction, circa 1961, by the Burroughs MCP and the MIT Compatible Time-Sharing System of the concept of a "file system" that managed several virtual "files" on one storage device is the origin of the contemporary denotation of the word. Although the contemporary "register file" demonstrates the early concept of files, its use has greatly decreased. File contents On most modern operating systems, files are organized into one-dimensional arrays of bytes. The format of a file is defined by its content since a file is solely a container for data, although on some platforms the format is usually indicated by its filename extension, specifying the rules for how the bytes must be organized and interpreted meaningfully. For example, the bytes of a plain text file ( in Windows) are associated with either ASCII or UTF-8 characters, while the bytes of image, video, and audio files are interpreted otherwise. Most file types also allocate a few bytes for metadata, which allows a file to carry some basic information about itself. Some file systems can store arbitrary (not interpreted by the file system) file-specific data outside of the file format, but linked to the file, for example extended attributes or forks. On other file systems this can be done via sidecar files or software-specific databases. All those methods, however, are more susceptible to loss of metadata than are container and archive file formats. File size At any instant in time, a file might have a size, normally expressed as number of bytes, that indicates how much storage is associated with the file. In most modern operating systems the size can be any non-negative whole number of bytes up to a system limit. Many older operating systems kept track only of the number of blocks or tracks occupied by a file on a physical storage device. In such systems, software employed other methods to track the exact byte count (e.g., CP/M used a special control character, Ctrl-Z, to signal the end of text files). The general definition of a file does not require that its size have any real meaning, however, unless the data within the file happens to correspond to data within a pool of persistent storage. A special case is a zero byte file; these files can be newly created files that have not yet had any data written to them, or may serve as some kind of flag in the file system, or are accidents (the results of aborted disk operations). For example, the file to which the link points in a typical Unix-like system probably has a defined size that seldom changes. Compare this with which is also a file, but as a character special file, its size is not meaningful. Organization of data in a file Information in a computer file can consist of smaller packets of information (often called "records" or "lines") that are individually different but share some common traits. For example, a payroll file might contain information concerning all the employees in a company and their payroll details; each record in the payroll file concerns just one employee, and all the records have the common trait of being related to payroll—this is very similar to placing all payroll information into a specific filing cabinet in an office that does not have a computer. A text file may contain lines of text, corresponding to printed lines on a piece of paper. Alternatively, a file may contain an arbitrary binary image (a blob) or it may contain an executable. The way information is grouped into a file is entirely up to how it is designed. This has led to a plethora of more or less standardized file structures for all imaginable purposes, from the simplest to the most complex. Most computer files are used by computer programs which create, modify or delete the files for their own use on an as-needed basis. The programmers who create the programs decide what files are needed, how they are to be used and (often) their names. In some cases, computer programs manipulate files that are made visible to the computer user. For example, in a word-processing program, the user manipulates document files that the user personally names. Although the content of the document file is arranged in a format that the word-processing program understands, the user is able to choose the name and location of the file and provide the bulk of the information (such as words and text) that will be stored in the file. Many applications pack all their data files into a single file called an archive file, using internal markers to discern the different types of information contained within. The benefits of the archive file are to lower the number of files for easier transfer, to reduce storage usage, or just to organize outdated files. The archive file must often be unpacked before next using. Operations The most basic operations that programs can perform on a file are: Create a new file Change the access permissions and attributes of a file Open a file, which makes the file contents available to the program Read data from a file Write data to a file Close a file, terminating the association between it and the program Files on a computer can be created, moved, modified, grown, shrunk, and deleted. In most cases, computer programs that are executed on the computer handle these operations, but the user of a computer can also manipulate files if necessary. For instance, Microsoft Word files are normally created and modified by the Microsoft Word program in response to user commands, but the user can also move, rename, or delete these files directly by using a file manager program such as Windows Explorer (on Windows computers) or by command lines (CLI). In Unix-like systems, user space programs do not operate directly, at a low level, on a file. Only the kernel deals with files, and it handles all user-space interaction with files in a manner that is transparent to the user-space programs. The operating system provides a level of abstraction, which means that interaction with a file from user-space is simply through its filename (instead of its inode). For example, rm filename will not delete the file itself, but only a link to the file. There can be many links to a file, but when they are all removed, the kernel considers that file's memory space free to be reallocated. This free space is commonly considered a security risk (due to the existence of file recovery software). Any secure-deletion program uses kernel-space (system) functions to wipe the file's data. Identifying and organizing In modern computer systems, files are typically accessed using names (filenames). In some operating systems, the name is associated with the file itself. In others, the file is anonymous, and is pointed to by links that have names. In the latter case, a user can identify the name of the link with the file itself, but this is a false analogue, especially where there exists more than one link to the same file. Files (or links to files) can be located in directories. However, more generally, a directory can contain either a list of files or a list of links to files. Within this definition, it is of paramount importance that the term "file" includes directories. This permits the existence of directory hierarchies, i.e., directories containing sub-directories. A name that refers to a file within a directory must be typically unique. In other words, there must be no identical names within a directory. However, in some operating systems, a name may include a specification of type that means a directory can contain an identical name for more than one type of object such as a directory and a file. In environments in which a file is named, a file's name and the path to the file's directory must uniquely identify it among all other files in the computer system—no two files can have the same name and path. Where a file is anonymous, named references to it will exist within a namespace. In most cases, any name within the namespace will refer to exactly zero or one file. However, any file may be represented within any namespace by zero, one or more names. Any string of characters may be a well-formed name for a file or a link depending upon the context of application. Whether or not a name is well-formed depends on the type of computer system being used. Early computers permitted only a few letters or digits in the name of a file, but modern computers allow long names (some up to 255 characters) containing almost any combination of unicode letters or unicode digits, making it easier to understand the purpose of a file at a glance. Some computer systems allow file names to contain spaces; others do not. Case-sensitivity of file names is determined by the file system. Unix file systems are usually case sensitive and allow user-level applications to create files whose names differ only in the case of characters. Microsoft Windows supports multiple file systems, each with different policies regarding case-sensitivity. The common FAT file system can have multiple files whose names differ only in case if the user uses a disk editor to edit the file names in the directory entries. User applications, however, will usually not allow the user to create multiple files with the same name but differing in case. Most computers organize files into hierarchies using folders, directories, or catalogs. The concept is the same irrespective of the terminology used. Each folder can contain an arbitrary number of files, and it can also contain other folders. These other folders are referred to as subfolders. Subfolders can contain still more files and folders and so on, thus building a tree-like structure in which one "master folder" (or "root folder" — the name varies from one operating system to another) can contain any number of levels of other folders and files. Folders can be named just as files can (except for the root folder, which often does not have a name). The use of folders makes it easier to organize files in a logical way. When a computer allows the use of folders, each file and folder has not only a name of its own, but also a path, which identifies the folder or folders in which a file or folder resides. In the path, some sort of special character—such as a slash—is used to separate the file and folder names. For example, in the illustration shown in this article, the path uniquely identifies a file called in a folder called , which in turn is contained in a folder called . The folder and file names are separated by slashes in this example; the topmost or root folder has no name, and so the path begins with a slash (if the root folder had a name, it would precede this first slash). Many computer systems use extensions in file names to help identify what they contain, also known as the file type. On Windows computers, extensions consist of a dot (period) at the end of a file name, followed by a few letters to identify the type of file. An extension of identifies a text file; a extension identifies any type of document or documentation, commonly in the Microsoft Word file format; and so on. Even when extensions are used in a computer system, the degree to which the computer system recognizes and heeds them can vary; in some systems, they are required, while in other systems, they are completely ignored if they are presented. Protection Many modern computer systems provide methods for protecting files against accidental and deliberate damage. Computers that allow for multiple users implement file permissions to control who may or may not modify, delete, or create files and folders. For example, a given user may be granted only permission to read a file or folder, but not to modify or delete it; or a user may be given permission to read and modify files or folders, but not to execute them. Permissions may also be used to allow only certain users to see the contents of a file or folder. Permissions protect against unauthorized tampering or destruction of information in files, and keep private information confidential from unauthorized users. Another protection mechanism implemented in many computers is a read-only flag. When this flag is turned on for a file (which can be accomplished by a computer program or by a human user), the file can be examined, but it cannot be modified. This flag is useful for critical information that must not be modified or erased, such as special files that are used only by internal parts of the computer system. Some systems also include a hidden flag to make certain files invisible; this flag is used by the computer system to hide essential system files that users should not alter. Storage Any file that has any useful purpose, must have some physical manifestation. That is, a file (an abstract concept) in a real computer system must have a real physical analogue if it is to exist at all. In physical terms, most computer files are stored on some type of data storage device. For example, most operating systems store files on a hard disk. Hard disks have been the ubiquitous form of non-volatile storage since the early 1960s. Where files contain only temporary information, they may be stored in RAM. Computer files can be also stored on other media in some cases, such as magnetic tapes, compact discs, Digital Versatile Discs, Zip drives, USB flash drives, etc. The use of solid state drives is also beginning to rival the hard disk drive. In Unix-like operating systems, many files have no associated physical storage device. Examples are and most files under directories , and . These are virtual files: they exist as objects within the operating system kernel. As seen by a running user program, files are usually represented either by a file control block or by a file handle. A file control block (FCB) is an area of memory which is manipulated to establish a filename etc. and then passed to the operating system as a parameter; it was used by older IBM operating systems and early PC operating systems including CP/M and early versions of MS-DOS. A file handle is generally either an opaque data type or an integer; it was introduced in around 1961 by the ALGOL-based Burroughs MCP running on the Burroughs B5000 but is now ubiquitous. File corruption When a file is said to be corrupted, it is because its contents have been saved to the computer in such a way that they can't be properly read, either by a human or by software. Depending on the extension of the damage, the original file can sometimes be recovered, or at least partially understood. A file may be created corrupt, or it may be corrupted at a later point through overwriting. There are many ways by which a file can become corrupted. Most commonly, the issue happens in the process of writing the file to a disk. For example, if an image-editing program unexpectedly crashes while saving an image, that file may be corrupted because the program couldn't save its entirety. The program itself might warn the user that there was an error, allowing for another attempt at saving the file. Some other examples of reasons for which files become corrupted include: The computer itself shutting down unexpectedly (for example, due to a power loss) with open files, or files in the process of being saved; A download being interrupted before it was completed; Due to a bad sector on the hard drive; The user removing a flash drive (such as a USB stick) without properly unmounting (commonly referred to as "safely removing"); Malicious software, such as a computer virus; A flash drive becoming too old. Although file corruption usually happens accidentally, it may also be done on purpose, as to fool someone else into thinking an assignment was ready at an earlier date, potentially gaining time to finish said assignment. There are services that provide on demand file corruption, which essentially fill a given file with random data so that it can't be opened or read, yet still seems legitimate. One of the most effective countermeasures for unintentional file corruption is backing up important files. In the event of an important file becoming corrupted, the user can simply replace it with the backed up version. Backup When computer files contain information that is extremely important, a back-up process is used to protect against disasters that might destroy the files. Backing up files simply means making copies of the files in a separate location so that they can be restored if something happens to the computer, or if they are deleted accidentally. There are many ways to back up files. Most computer systems provide utility programs to assist in the back-up process, which can become very time-consuming if there are many files to safeguard. Files are often copied to removable media such as writable CDs or cartridge tapes. Copying files to another hard disk in the same computer protects against failure of one disk, but if it is necessary to protect against failure or destruction of the entire computer, then copies of the files must be made on other media that can be taken away from the computer and stored in a safe, distant location. The grandfather-father-son backup method automatically makes three back-ups; the grandfather file is the oldest copy of the file and the son is the current copy. File systems and file managers The way a computer organizes, names, stores and manipulates files is globally referred to as its file system. Most computers have at least one file system. Some computers allow the use of several different file systems. For instance, on newer MS Windows computers, the older FAT-type file systems of MS-DOS and old versions of Windows are supported, in addition to the NTFS file system that is the normal file system for recent versions of Windows. Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Standard FAT allows only eight-character file names (plus a three-character extension) with no spaces, for example, whereas NTFS allows much longer names that can contain spaces. You can call a file "" in NTFS, but in FAT you would be restricted to something like (unless you were using VFAT, a FAT extension allowing long file names). File manager programs are utility programs that allow users to manipulate files directly. They allow you to move, create, delete and rename files and folders, although they do not actually allow you to read the contents of a file or store information in it. Every computer system provides at least one file-manager program for its native file system. For example, File Explorer (formerly Windows Explorer) is commonly used in Microsoft Windows operating systems, and Nautilus is common under several distributions of Linux. See also Block (data storage) Computer file management Data hierarchy File camouflage File copying File conversion File deletion File directory File manager File system Filename Flat file database Object composition Soft copy References External links File Category:Inter-process communication	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Arland Bruce III Arland Richard Bruce III (born November 23, 1977) is a former Canadian football wide receiver. He is a two-time Grey Cup champion, having won in 2004 with the Toronto Argonauts and in 2011 with the Lions. He has played 10 seasons in the CFL with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Toronto Argonauts, Hamilton Tiger-Cats and BC Lions. During the 2011 season, he became the 14th CFL receiver to record over 10,000 yards receiving in a career. High school career Bruce attended Olathe North High School in Olathe, Kansas, and was a letterman in football. As a senior, he was a BlueChip Illustrated Top-100 pick, the Kansas State Player of the Year, and finished the year with 1,696 rushing yards. Bruce finished his high school career with more than 3,000 rushing yards and 50 touchdowns. Junior college career Bruce then attended Hutchinson Community College in Hutchinson, Kansas. As a freshman, he was named a First-Team All-American selection and rushed for over 1,000 yards. During his sophomore season, he ran for 997 yards and 10 touchdowns and was named a Second-Team All-American selection. NCAA Division I-A career Bruce played college football for the University of Minnesota. As a senior, he helped lead his team to an 8-3 record and a Sun Bowl berth. Professional career Kansas City Chiefs On April 19, 2000, Bruce was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs only to be cut by the team later on. Winnipeg Blue Bombers On May 1, 2001, Bruce joined the CFL's Winnipeg Blue Bombers where he got his first opportunity as a professional to receive significant playing time, playing in all 18 regular season games. In his rookie season, Bruce had 818 receiving yards with 7 touchdowns. His team went on to play in the Grey Cup championship, only to lose to the Calgary Stampeders. In 2002, Bruce surpassed the 1000 yard receiving mark by amassing 1062 receiving yards with 12 touchdowns in 17 games. San Francisco 49ers In 2003, Bruce returned to the U.S. to try his luck once more with the NFL. On March 3 of that year, he signed with the San Francisco 49ers where he spent much of his playing time on special teams. Toronto Argonauts In 2004, after being released by the 49ers following their training camp, Bruce returned to the CFL with the Toronto Argonauts, signing with them on September 3, more than halfway through the CFL season and just shortly before their Labour Day Classic game against the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in which he played. For the remaining seven games in the regular season, Bruce had 247 receiving yards with just one touchdown. In addition to playing receiver, Bruce also served as one of two kick returners on the team alongside incumbent Bashir Levingston. In that role, Bruce returned two kick returns for touchdowns that season. In the East Division final, Bruce led all receivers with 12 receptions for 101 yards, and returned a kickoff 97 yards for a touchdown in the first quarter, helping the Argonauts advance to the Grey Cup championship that year. In the big game, the kick returning threat of both Bruce & Levingston induced the opposing BC Lions to punt the ball out of bounds for much of the game to neutralize the threat. In addition, Bruce was once again a go to receiver amassing 79 yards on 5 receptions. Bruce and the Argos went on to win the Grey Cup. In 2005, Bruce established himself as the Argonauts top receiver with 1205 receiving yards and 11 touchdowns. In that same year, Bruce was named an East division all-star marking the first time in his CFL career he had ever been named to an all-star team. In 2008, after acquiring a touchdown against the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Bruce was fined an undisclosed amount by the CFL for donning a Spider-Man mask during his touchdown celebration. In 2009, he received two objectionable conduct penalties and an undisclosed fine from the CFL for a touchdown celebration against the Tiger-Cats on July 1, in which he removed his helmet, jersey, and shoulder pads, and laid down in the end zone in what he said was a tribute to the recently deceased pop star, Michael Jackson. The Argonauts publicly supported the fine and disciplined Bruce additionally and he apologized to teammates at a team meeting the following day. Head coach Bart Andrus took some responsibility on himself, however, noting that, "I made the mistake of telling him in camp that once he got to the end zone I didn't care what he did but he's straight with it now and I think next time around he will celebrate in an appropriate manner." Hamilton Tiger-Cats On July 29, 2009, Bruce was traded to the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in exchange for the rights to Corey Mace, a third round pick in the 2010 CFL Draft, and a conditional third round pick in the 2011 CFL Draft a week after a dispute with coach Andrus became public and Bruce was left home for the Week 4 game in Winnipeg. In July 2011, Bruce declared his intention to change his name to "Runako Reth". BC Lions On August 3, 2011, Bruce was traded to the BC Lions in exchange for a third-round draft pick in the 2012 CFL Draft and an additional conditional draft pick in the 2013 CFL Draft. Bruce had a productive season with the Lions, recording 49 catches for 755 yards and eight touchdowns in 12 games. In the 99th Grey Cup game against the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, he had 73 yards receiving and a touchdown and won his second championship. During the following off-season, he signed a contract extension with the Lions. On January 18, 2013, Bruce was released by the BC Lions. Montreal Alouettes On January 21, 2013, Bruce signed with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League. Arland Bruce had a respectable 2013 season with the Alouettes. He contributed 64 pass receptions, his most since 2010, for 851 yards with 5 touchdowns. In February 2014, Bruce was fined an undisclosed amount by the CFL following his Instagram post in which he told openly gay NFL prospect Michael Sam to, "get on his knees and submit to God fully". Bruce was released by the Alouettes in late February. Bruce's high salary along with the belief that new head coach Tom Higgins would start two Canadian wide receivers were cited as the reasons for his dismissal. Statistics Personal life His parents are Yolanda Bruce and Arland Richard Bruce Jr. Bruce was married to Linda Bruce, their children include three sons named Arland Bruce IV, Aiden Bruce, and Akobi Bruce. He has two sisters Denise (Kansas) and Kama (California) and one brother Bryson (North Carolina). Bruce is the cousin of former NFL wide receiver Isaac Bruce. References External links BC Lions profile page DatabaseFootball.com stats Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:African-American players of Canadian football Category:American football wide receivers Category:American players of Canadian football Category:Canadian football return specialists Category:Canadian football wide receivers Category:Grey Cup champions Category:Hamilton Tiger-Cats players Category:Hutchinson Blue Dragons football players Category:Kansas City Chiefs players Category:Minnesota Golden Gophers football players Category:People from Olathe, Kansas Category:San Francisco 49ers players Category:Toronto Argonauts players Category:Winnipeg Blue Bombers players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Rahul Sankrityayan Rahul Sankrityayan (9 April 1893 – 14 April 1963), is called the Father of Indian Travelogue Travel literature. He is the one who played a pivotal role to give travelogue a 'literature form', was one of the most widely travelled scholars of India, spending forty-five years of his life on travels away from his home. He travelled to many places and wrote many travelogue approximately in the same ratio. He is also famously known for his authentic description about his travels experiences, for instance- in his travelogue "Meri Laddakh Yatra" he presents overall regional, historical and cultural specificity of that region judiciously. He became a Buddhist monk (Bauddha Bhikkhu) and eventually took up Marxist Socialism. Sankrityayan was also an Indian nationalist, having been arrested and jailed for three years for creating anti-British writings and speeches. He is referred to as the 'Greatest Scholar' (Mahapandit) for his scholarship. He was both a polymath as well as a polyglot. The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan in 1963. Childhood He was born as Kedarnath Pandey in a Brahmin family on 9 April 1893 in Pandha Village and his ancestral village is Kanila Chakarpanur village, Azamgarh district, in Eastern Uttar Pradesh. He received formal schooling at a local primary school, though he later studied and mastered numerous languages independently, as well as the art of photography. Philosophy of his Life In his initial days he was a keen follower of Arya Samaj of Swami Dayananda Saraswati. Buddhism came to him and changed his life. He lost faith in God's existence but still retained faith in reincarnation. Later he moved towards Marxist Socialism and rejected the concepts of reincarnation and afterlife also. The two volumes of Darshan-Digdarshan, the collected history of World's Philosophy give an indication of his philosophy when we find the second volume much dedicated to Dharmakirti's Pramana Vartika. This he discovered in Tibetan translation from Tibet. Travels Sankrityayan's travels took him to different parts of India including Ladakh, Kinnaur, and Kashmir. He also travelled to several other countries including Nepal, Tibet, Sri Lanka, Iran, China, and the former Soviet Union. He spent several years in the "Parsa Gadh" village in the Saran district in Bihar. The village's entry gate is named "Rahul Gate". While travelling, he mostly used surface transport, and he went to certain countries clandestinely; he entered Tibet as a Buddhist monk. He made several trips to Tibet and brought valuable paintings and Pali and Sanskrit manuscripts back to India. Most of these were a part of the libraries of Vikramshila and Nalanda Universities. These objects had been taken to Tibet by fleeing Buddhist monks during the twelfth and subsequent centuries when the invading Muslim armies had destroyed universities in India. Some accounts state that Rahul Sankrityayan employed twenty-two mules to bring these materials from Tibet to India. Patna Museum, Patna, has a special section of these materials in his honour, where a number of these and other items have been displayed. Books Sankrityayan was a polyglot, well versed in several languages and dialects, including Hindi, Sanskrit, Pali, Bhojpuri, Magahi, Urdu, Persian, Arabic, Tamil, Kannada, Tibetan, Sinhalese, French and Russian. He was also an Indologist, a Marxist theoretician, and a creative writer. He started writing during his twenties and his works, totalling well over 100, covered a variety of subjects, including sociology, history, philosophy, Buddhism, Tibetology, lexicography, grammar, textual editing, folklore, science, drama, and politics. Many of these were unpublished. He translated Majjhima Nikaya from Prakrit into Hindi. One of his most famous books in Hindi is Volga Se Ganga (A journey from the Volga to the Ganges) – a work of historical fiction concerning the migration of Aryans from the steppes of the Eurasia to regions around the Volga river; then their movements across the Hindukush and the Himalayas and the sub-Himalayan regions; and their spread to the Indo-Gangetic plains of the subcontinent of India. The book begins in 6000 BC and ends in 1942, the year when Mahatma Gandhi, the Indian nationalist leader called for the quit India movement. It was published in 1942. A translation into English of this work by Victor Kiernan was published in 1947 as From Volga to Ganga. It was translated by K.N. Muthiya-Tamilputhakalayam in Tamil as Valgavil irundu gangai varai and is still considered a best-seller. The Kannada translation done by B.N Sharma as "Volga Ganga" . The Telugu translation (Volga nunchi Ganga ku) inspired many readers. Volga muthal Ganga vare, the Malayalam translation, became immensely popular among the young intellectuals of Kerala and it continues to be one of the most influential books of its times. The Bengali version is Volga Theke Ganga [ভল্গা থেকে গঙ্গা], which is still acclaimed by the critics. His most important travelogue literature is- "Tibbat me Sava varsha(1933), "Meri Europe Yatra" (1935), "Athato Ghumakkad Jigyasa", "Volga se Ganga", "Asia ke Durgam Bhukhando Mein", "Yatra Ke Panne" and "Kinnar Desh Mein". More than ten of his books have been translated and published in Bengali. He was awarded the Padmabhushan in 1963, and he received the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1958 for his book Madhya Asia ka Itihaas. He maintained daily diaries in Sanskrit which were used fully while writing his autobiography. In spite of profound scholarship, he wrote in very simple Hindi that a common person could follow. He wrote books of varied interest. He was aware of limitations of Hindi literature and singularly made up the loss in no small measure. The historian Kashi Prasad Jayaswal compared Rahul Sankrityayan with Buddha. Rahul's personality was as impressive and memorable as are his achievements. He traveled widely and wrote in five languages – Hindi, Sanskrit, Bhojpuri, Pāli and Tibetan. His published works span a range of genres, which include autobiography, biography, travelogue, sociology, history, philosophy, Buddhism, Tibetology, lexicography, grammar, text editing, folklore, science, fiction, drama, essays, politics, and pamphleteering. Soviet Union Although he had little formal education, in view of his knowledge and command over the subject, University of Leningrad appointed him Professor of Indology in 1937–38 and again in 1947–48. Contributions Many of Rahul's personal collections including the ones he gathered from his multiple trips to Tibet were distributed across to multiple Universities and Museums. Patna Museum has an extensive collection of Buddhist scrolls which he assimilated through his journeys across Tibet. Many of these are considered rare gems of Indian scriptures translated into Tibetan. Personal life and family Rahul was married when very young and never came to know anything of his child-wife, Santoshi. Probably he saw her only once in his 40s as per his autobiography: Meri Jivan Yatra. During his stay in Soviet Russia a second time, accepting an invitation for teaching Buddhism at Leningrad University, he came in contact with a Mongolian scholar Lola (Ellena Narvertovna Kozerovskaya). She could speak French, English, and Russian and write Sanskrit. She helped him in working on Tibetan- Sanskrit dictionary. Their attachment ended in marriage and birth of son Igor. Mother and son were not allowed to accompany Rahul to India after completion of his assignment due to restrictions imposed by Stalin regime. Late in life, he married Dr. Kamala, an Indian Nepali lady and had a daughter (Jaya), two sons (Jeta) and (Jayant) . Death Rahul accepted a teaching job at a Sri Lankan University, where he fell seriously ill. Diabetes, high blood pressure and a mild stroke struck him. Most tragic happening was the loss of memory. He breathed his last in Darjeeling in 1963. His last residence at Darjeeling was at 21 Kacheri Road: Rahul Nivas. Awards Works In Hindi Novels Baaeesween Sadi – 1923 Jeeney ke Liye – 1940 Simha Senapathi – 1944 Jai Yaudheya – 1944 Bhago Nahin, Duniya ko Badlo – 1944 Madhur Swapna – 1949 Rajasthani Ranivas – 1953 Vismrit Yatri – 1954 Divodas – 1960 Vismriti Ke Garbh Me Short Stories Satmi ke Bachche – 1935 Volga Se Ganga – 1944 Bahurangi Madhupuri – 1953 Kanaila ki Katha – 1955–56 Autobiography Meri Jivan Yatra I – 1944 Meri Jivan Yatra II – 1950 Meri Jivan Yatra III, IV, V – published posthumously Biography Sardar Prithvi Singh – 1955 Naye Bharat ke Naye Neta (2 volumes) – 1942 Bachpan ki Smritiyan – 1953 Ateet se Vartaman (Vol I) – 1953 Stalin – 1954 Lenin – 1954 Karl Marx – 1954 Mao-Tse-Tung – 1954 Ghumakkar Swami – 1956 Mere Asahayog ke Sathi – 1956 Jinka Main Kritajna – 1956 Vir Chandrasingh Garhwali – 1956 Simhala Ghumakkar Jaivardhan – 1960 Kaptan Lal – 1961 Simhal ke Vir Purush – 1961 Mahamanav Budha – 1956 Some of his other books are:- Mansik Gulami Rhigvedic Arya Ghumakkar Shastra Kinnar desh mein Darshan Digdarshan Dakkhini Hindi ka Vyaakaran Puratatv Nibandhawali Manava Samaj Madhya Asia ka Itihas Samyavad hi Kyon In Bhojpuri Teen Natak – 1942 Panch Natak – 1942 In Nepali (Translation) Bauddhadharnma Darshan – 1984 Related to Tibetan Tibbati Bal-Siksha – 1933 Pathavali (Vol. 1,2 & 3) – 1933 Tibbati Vyakaran (Tibetan Grammar) – 1933 Tibbat May Budh Dharm-1948 Lhasa ki or Himalaya Parichay Bhag 1 Himalaya Parichay Bhag 2 See also Hindi literature References Further reading Ram Sharan Sharma, Rahul Sankrityayan and Social Change, Indian History Congress, 1993. Himalayan Buddhism, Past and Present: Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan centenary volume by D. C. Ahir () Prabhakar Machwe: "Rahul Sankrityayan" New Delhi 1978: Sahitya Akademi. [A short biography including a list of Sankrityayan's works] Bharati Puri, Traveller on the Silk Road: Rites and Routes of Passage in Rahul Sankrityayan’s Himalayan Wanderlust, China Report (Sage: New Delhi), February 2011, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 37–58. Alaka Atreya Chudal, A Freethinking Cultural Nationalist: A Life History of Rahul Sankrityayan, Oxford University Press, 2016. () Category:1893 births Category:1963 deaths Category:Converts to Buddhism from Hinduism Category:Bhojpuri-language writers Category:Hindi-language writers Category:People from Azamgarh district Category:Indian Indologists Category:20th-century Indian translators Category:20th-century Indian linguists Category:Indian Buddhists Category:Indian Marxists Category:Writers from Uttar Pradesh Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars Category:Tibetologists Category:Newar studies scholars Category:Indian travel writers Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India Category:Indian male novelists Category:20th-century Indian biographers Category:Indian autobiographers Category:Indian social reformers Category:20th-century Indian novelists Category:20th-century Indian short story writers Category:Scholars from Uttar Pradesh Category:Indian former Hindus Category:20th-century Buddhist monks Category:Indian Buddhist monks Category:Indian Buddhist scholars	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Colton Harris Moore Colton Harris Moore (born March 22, 1991) is an American former fugitive. He was charged with the theft of hundreds of thousands of dollars in property, including several small aircraft, boats, and multiple cars, all committed while still a teenager. He fled to the Bahamas on July 4, 2010, allegedly in a plane stolen from Bloomington, Indiana. He was indicted on July 6, 2010, by a U.S. Federal Court in Seattle, Washington, on charges of transporting another stolen aircraft in that state. Moore, still only 19, was arrested in Harbour Island, Bahamas, on July 11, 2010, after police shot out the engine of the boat in which he was attempting to flee. Two days later, he was extradited from Nassau, Bahamas, to Miami, Florida, and transferred on July 21 to the Federal Detention Center, SeaTac in Washington. On December 16, 2011, Moore was sentenced to more than seven years in prison for dozens of consolidated charges brought against him from three different counties. On January 27, 2012, he was sentenced to six and a half years for related federal crimes. He became known as the "Barefoot Bandit" by reportedly committing some of his crimes barefoot, once leaving behind 39 chalk footprints and the word "c'ya!". Despite the widely reported nickname, officials said that he more often wore shoes. On September 28, 2016, Moore left prison on parole. Background Moore was born in Mount Vernon, Washington and grew up in his mother's house in Camano Island. Neighbors said they made several calls to Child Protective Services, believing he was neglected or abused. His father, Gordon Moore, used drugs and was in prison while Colton was a toddler. When Colton was twelve years old, his father walked out after an argument at a family barbecue. According to his mother, Pamela Kohler, his stepfather died when he was about seven years old, and from the time Colton was in the first grade, she knew there was "something off about him" – "sort of a disconnection". He wouldn't listen to his teachers, started altercations at school, and would sometimes deliberately break things around the house, Kohler said. According to a court-ordered psychiatric evaluation, Moore said that his mother drank and became mean, breaking his possessions. He started living in the wild at the age of seven, and would break into vacation homes in the area, stealing blankets, food and water before disappearing into the forest for days. His first conviction for stolen property came at age 12, and by the time he was 13, he had three more. He has been diagnosed with depression, attention deficit disorder and intermittent explosive disorder. Each conviction brought a 10-day stay in a detention center, or community service. His mother once said, "Every time he had anything any good, everyone thought he stole it. What does that do to a kid?" In 2003, police found a neighbor's camcorder in his home. Never before sentenced to more than a month, he fled a three-year sentence by walking out of a halfway house in April 2008. Suspected offenses Moore is suspected of being responsible for approximately 100 thefts in Washington, Idaho, and Canada, including bicycles, automobiles, light aircraft, and speedboats. It is believed that he learned how to fly small planes by reading aircraft manuals, handbooks, watching a "How to fly a small airplane" DVD, and playing flight simulator computer games. One plane he stole was a Cessna 182, FAA registration number N24658, belonging to then KZOK-FM radio personality Bob Rivers, valued at over $150,000. The plane was later recovered from a Yakama Indian Reservation crash site. Though badly damaged, it was rebuilt and is in Florida. According to local sheriffs, Moore would often slip into a home just to soak in a hot bath or steal ice cream from the freezer. While his thefts would escalate to increasing value in cash and property, he initially would steal only what he needed for living in the woods as a survivalist. Once, he allegedly used a homeowner's computer and credit card to order bear mace and a pair of $6,500 night vision goggles. On May 30 or 31, 2010, police found a handwritten note and $100 at a veterinary clinic in Raymond, Washington, approximately southwest of Seattle. The note read: In late June 2010, Moore was suspected of vehicle thefts stretching as far east as Illinois. The trail of suspected thefts attributed to him passes through Idaho, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. Police found a 2008 white Toyota Sequoia in Norfolk, Nebraska, which was reported stolen in Yankton, South Dakota. Later that day, several burglaries were reported at Karl Stefan Memorial Airport, located south of where the SUV was abandoned. A truck owned by the town of Ottumwa, Iowa, was later recovered in Dallas City, Illinois. On July 4, 2010, a Cessna 400 single-engine plane was reported stolen from the Bloomington, Indiana, airport. It was later found crashed in the shoreline waters of Great Abaco Island in the Bahamas, again leading to speculation that Moore was responsible. Shortly afterward, there were several break-ins reported across the island. The Royal Bahamas Police Force placed wanted posters across the island that featured the teenager. One bartender claimed to have spotted him in a sports bar on Tuesday, July 6, 2010, stating that he drank a beer and left after five minutes. He says that Moore was wearing a cap over his shaved head and was barefoot. On July 6, 2010, an indictment was released from a federal judge of the U.S. District Court of Western Washington, which was originally filed in December 2009. This indictment cites Moore for interstate transport of stolen property/airplane theft, related to a plane stolen from Bonners Ferry, Idaho that crashed outside of Granite Falls, Washington. The FBI placed a $10,000 bounty for information leading to his arrest, and federal agents believed that he was responsible for the recent Indiana theft. Capture On July 11, 2010, Moore was captured just before dawn at Harbour Island, Bahamas. Local officers picked up his trail in Eleuthera after recovering a 44-foot (13-meter) power boat stolen from a marina on Great Abaco. A police official said the suspect attempted to flee, but police shot out the engine on his stolen boat. Before being arrested, Moore threw his portable computer into the water and put a gun to his head, but the police talked him out of killing himself. He told the police that he intended to go to Cuba to throw authorities off his trail and from there to the Turks and Caicos Islands. His mother had hoped that he would flee to a country that did not have an extradition treaty with the United States. In March 2011, FBI Special Agent Fred Gutt confirmed the reward fund payout: "The $10,000 bounty money was paid out to people directly involved in (Moore's) capture." The reward money was split among Jordan Sackett, Capt. Ronald Billiot, Capt. Patrick Young, Capt. Ben Johnson and Kenny Strachan, a security guard at the Romora Bay Resort. Criminal proceedings Moore pleaded guilty on July 13, 2010, to illegal entry to the Bahamas and illegally landing a plane. He was sentenced to three months in jail or a $300 fine. His mother wired the money to the U.S. Embassy in Nassau, which in turn paid the fine. He was deported the same day via overnight commercial flight, accompanied by Bahamian authorities and United States agents of the FBI to Miami, Florida. On July 14, Moore appeared before U.S. Magistrate Robert Dube to determine his legal representation, which had been hired on his behalf by his mother. In a hearing on July 16, 2010, in the U.S. District Court of Southern Florida, Judge Dube ruled that Moore would be sent to Washington state to face charges there first because he was arrested under their warrant. Moore waived his right to an extradition hearing. He was held at the Federal Detention Center in Miami until July 21, when he was transferred by the Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation System to the Federal Detention Center in SeaTac, Washington. He was required to wear handcuffs and leg irons while being transported to Washington. A federal judge at the U.S. District Court of Western Washington in Seattle set a November 15 deadline for prosecutors to have Moore formally indicted by a federal grand jury. However, Moore waived his right to a speedy trial, permitting both the defense and the prosecution more time to prepare for the case. On November 18, 2010, Moore pleaded not guilty in federal court to charges of interstate transportation of a stolen plane, boat and gun, and of being a fugitive in possession of a firearm and of flying a plane without a pilot's license. On September 30, 2010, Harley Davidson Ironwing, a self-described associate of Moore's burglaries, pleaded guilty to assault and was sentenced to 18 months in prison. On June 17, 2011, federal prosecutors recommended that Moore be sentenced to six years in prison. Moore pleaded guilty to all seven counts on the federal indictment. The Washington State Court, however, recommended that he be sentenced to 10 years in prison for a break-in and burglary near Granite Falls, Washington. At sentencing, prosecutors were expected to ask for a term of 9½ years, while Moore's attorneys, John Henry Browne and Emma Scanlan, were expected to ask for a 6 year term, citing psychiatric and mitigation reports describing his bleak childhood. On December 16, 2011, Moore was sentenced in Island County court to more than seven years in prison. Superior Court Judge Vickie Churchill stated, "This case is a tragedy in many ways, but it's a triumph of the human spirit in other ways." Describing Moore's childhood as a "mind numbing absence of hope," she stated the 20-year-old was genuinely remorseful for his crimes. Moore has said that he plans to spend his time in prison studying in preparation for applying to college in order to earn a degree in aeronautical engineering. On January 27, 2012, Judge Richard Jones of Federal District Court in Seattle sentenced Moore to six and a half years in prison for his infamous international crime spree. During sentencing Moore addressed the court and U.S. Judge Richard Jones, saying that it is "no stretch of the imagination to say that I'm lucky to be alive." His federal sentence will be served jointly with state prison time. Notoriety Moore became known as the "Barefoot Bandit" or as the "Barefoot Burglar", for reportedly committing some of his crimes while barefoot. In Fall 2009, police found footprints at an airport hangar in Bonners Ferry, Idaho; a Cessna 182 stolen from there crash-landed approximately to the west near Granite Falls, Washington, after a few unsuccessful attempts to land at the small airport there. Police in the San Juan Islands also found cartoonish, chalk outlines of feet drawn upon the floor of a grocery store that was broken into in February 2010. Moore became an internet sensation with a Facebook fan page drawing about 60,000 members. A local Seattle man started selling T-shirts bearing Moore's picture with the words "Momma Tried". Local people from Camano Island also attempted to vent their frustrations through a song, as well as a blog which included the sale of merchandise and accepted donations to purchase the services of a bounty hunter. In April 2010, 20th Century Fox purchased the film rights to the book The Barefoot Bandit: The True Tale of Colton Harris-Moore, New American Outlaw, by Bob Friel. Moore's mother has retained celebrity lawyer Yale Lewis to seek control of entertainment interests related to her son. She has also hired John Henry Browne to handle her son's criminal defense. Under a plea deal Moore agreed to forfeit any profits from selling publishing rights to his story. The Barefoot Bandit Documentary (which premiered at Friday Harbor Film Festival on November 7, 2014, filmmaker Carly Bodmer) explores the childhood and time that Moore spent evading the law. Pam Kohler (Colton's mother), the FBI, lawyer John Henry Browne, and a range of personalities from Moore's hometown to the Bahamas piece together why he did what he did. A 2014 Canadian documentary about Moore called Fly Colt Fly: Legend of the Barefoot Bandit was made by brothers Adam and Andrew Gray, showing how the mythic story evolved in the media and how Moore became a 21st century outlaw folk hero. In December 2015, Moore began publishing a blog which has since been taken down. His stated intent was to break his long-standing silence, and to voice his support for presidential candidate Donald Trump. In July 2016, Moore was released on probation to a halfway house near Seattle. Moore has reportedly secured a job at his defense attorney's Seattle law firm, doing "low-level clerical work". His efforts to raise money via social media to fund flight school training were vetoed by his parole officer, who said any money raised must go toward the $129,000 in restitution that he owes his victims. See also List of fugitives from justice who disappeared References External links Letter from Pamela A. Kohler, mother of Colton Harris-Moore– filed with Island County, Washington Court (June 27, 2007) () Letter from Sandra E. Puttnam, aunt of Colton Harris-Moore– filed with Island County, Washington Court (June 27, 2007) () Official site for Fly Colt Fly: Legend of the Barefoot Bandit documentary Bob and the Barefoot Bandit - Snap Judgment #518, "Desperate Measures" (Audio story) THE BAREFOOT BANDIT: The True Tale of Colton Harris-Moore, New American Outlaw by Bob Friel (Book) Category:1991 births Category:American escapees Category:American outlaws Category:American people convicted of burglary Category:American people convicted of theft Category:American prisoners and detainees Category:Living people Category:People extradited from the Bahamas Category:People extradited to the United States Category:People from Camano, Washington Category:People from Mount Vernon, Washington Category:Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Forus Forus is an industrial district in the city of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Hinna, along the Gandsfjorden and it stretches south and west to the municipalities of Sandnes and Sola. The name Forus originates from an old farm located in this area, part of which is currently used for harness racing. The drainage of the former lake Stokkavatnet and the surrounding marsh area, from 1906 and onwards, added of new land for the nearby farms. In 1940, at the start of World War II, the German occupants initiated construction of Stavanger Airport on this site. The area was later developed mainly for industrial purposes. The Equinor headquarters are located at Forus. References Category:Boroughs and neighbourhoods of Stavanger	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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