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wiki_11400_chunk_0 | Biomineralization | Fundamentally whether an organism produces silica or not involves evolutionary trade-offs and competition between silicifiers themselves, and non-silicifying organisms (both those which use other biominerals, and non-mineralizing groups). Mathematical models and controlled experiments of resource competition in phytopl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11401_chunk_0 | Dietary fat | In nature, unsaturated fatty acids generally have double bonds in cis configuration (with the adjacent C–C bonds on the same side) as opposed to trans. Nevertheless, trans fatty acids (TFAs) occur in small amounts in meat and milk of ruminants (such as cattle and sheep), typically 2–5% of total fat. Natural TFAs, which... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11402_chunk_0 | Dietary fat | However, hydrogenation generally was interrupted before completion, to yield a fat product with specific melting point, hardness, and other properties. Partial hydrogenation turns some of the cis double bonds into trans bonds by an isomerization reaction. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11403_chunk_0 | Dietary fat | The trans configuration is favored because it is the lower energy form. This side reaction accounts for most of the trans fatty acids consumed today, by far. An analysis of some industrialized foods in 2006 found up to 30% "trans fats" in artificial shortening, 10% in breads and cake products, 8% in cookies and cracker... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11404_chunk_0 | Uranium Processing | In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissile uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fissioning atom of urani... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11405_chunk_0 | Uranium Processing | The molecular laser isotope separation method employs a laser beam of precise energy to sever the bond between uranium-235 and fluorine. This leaves uranium-238 bonded to fluorine and allows uranium-235 metal to precipitate from the solution. An alternative laser method of enrichment is known as atomic vapor laser isot... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11406_chunk_0 | Systematic inventive thinking | In nature, water cascading down a mountain will always follow the path of least resistance – the easiest route. In thinking, too, our minds tend to take the path of least resistance – those avenues most familiar to us. So doing, it is difficult to arrive at ideas new to us or to our competitors. SIT encourages an appro... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11407_chunk_0 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | In nature, yeast cells are found primarily on ripe fruits such as grapes (before maturation, grapes are almost free of yeasts). S. cerevisiae can also be found year-round in the bark of oak trees. Since S. cerevisiae is not airborne, it requires a vector to move.Queens of social wasps overwintering as adults (Vespa cra... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11408_chunk_0 | Stopper knot | In nautical settings, a stopper may refer to a length of rope that is belayed at one end with the other end attached to a tensioned main line using a friction hitch in order to tension the stopper and thereby slacken the portion of the tensioned main line behind the friction hitch. For example if a sheet becomes jammed... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11409_chunk_0 | Fineness ratio | Modern airliners often have fineness ratios much higher than ideal, a side effect of their cylindrical cross-section which is selected for strength, as well as providing a single width to simplify seating layout and air cargo handling. As an aircraft approaches the speed of sound, shock waves form on areas of greater c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11410_chunk_0 | Fineness ratio | This appears to be a new form of drag—referred to as wave drag—which peaks at about three times the drag at speeds even slightly below the critical mach. In order to minimize the wave drag, the curvature of the aircraft should be kept to a minimum, which implies much higher fineness ratios. This is why high-speed aircr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11411_chunk_0 | Transom stern | In naval architecture, the term transom has two meanings. First, it can be any of the individual beams that run side-to-side or "athwart" the hull at any point abaft the fashion timber; second, it can refer specifically to the flat or slightly curved surface that is the very back panel of a transom stern. In this sense... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11412_chunk_0 | Transom stern | Until a new form of stern appeared in the 19th century, the transom stern was a floating house—and required just as many timbers, walls, windows, and frames. The stern frame provided the foundational structure of the transom stern, and was composed of the sternpost, wing transom, and fashion piece.Abaft the fashion tim... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11413_chunk_0 | Transom stern | The larger the vessel, the more numerous and wider the transoms required to support its stern. Stern timbers (also called stern frames) – These timbers are mounted vertically in a series; each timber typically rests or "steps" on the wing transom and then stretches out (aft) and upward. Those not reaching all the way t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11414_chunk_0 | Dreadnought battleship | In naval battles of the 1890s the decisive weapon was the medium-calibre, typically 6-inch (152 mm), quick-firing gun firing at relatively short range; at the Battle of the Yalu River in 1894, the victorious Japanese did not commence firing until the range had closed to 4,300 yards (3,900 m), and most of the fighting o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11415_chunk_0 | Dreadnought battleship | By 1904 the US Naval War College was considering the effects on battleship tactics of torpedoes with a range of 7,000 to 8,000 yards (6,400 to 7,300 m).The range of light and medium-calibre guns was limited, and accuracy declined badly at longer range. At longer ranges the advantage of a high rate of fire decreased; ac... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11416_chunk_0 | Mathematical discussion of rangekeeping | Rangekeeping is an excellent example of the application of analog computing to a real-world mathematical modeling problem. Because nations had so much money invested in their capital ships, they were willing to invest enormous amounts of money in the development of rangekeeping hardware to ensure that the guns of these... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11417_chunk_0 | Mathematical discussion of rangekeeping | The rangekeepers of other nations used similar algorithms for computing gun angles, but often differed dramatically in their operational use.In addition to long range gunnery, the launching of torpedoes also requires a rangekeeping-like function. The US Navy during World War II had the TDC, which was the only World War... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11418_chunk_0 | Gun turret | In naval terms, turret traditionally and specifically refers to a gun mounting where the entire mass rotates as one, and has a trunk that projects below the deck. The rotating part of a turret seen above deck is the gunhouse, which protects the mechanism and crew, and is where the guns are loaded. The gunhouse is suppo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11419_chunk_0 | Gun turret | The barbette extends down to the main armoured deck (red in the animation). At the base of the turret sit handing rooms, where shell and propelling charges are passed from the shell room and magazine to the hoists. The handling equipment and hoists are complex arrangements of machinery that transport the shells and cha... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11420_chunk_0 | Gun turret | Bearing in mind that shells can weigh around a ton, the hoists have to be powerful and rapid; a 15-inch turret of the type in the animation was expected to perform a complete loading and firing cycle in a minute. The loading system is fitted with a series of mechanical interlocks that ensure that there is never an open... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11421_chunk_0 | Gun turret | Generally, with large-calibre guns, powered or assisted ramming is required to force the heavy shell and charge into the breech. As the hoist and breech must be aligned for ramming to occur, there is generally a restricted range of elevations at which the guns can be loaded; the guns return to the loading elevation, ar... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11422_chunk_0 | Radio beacon station | In navigation, a radio beacon or radiobeacon is a kind of beacon, a device that marks a fixed location and allows direction-finding equipment to find relative bearing. But instead of employing visible light, radio beacons transmit electromagnetic radiation in the radio wave band. They are used for direction-finding sys... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11423_chunk_0 | Curve on a sphere | In navigation, a rhumb line or loxodrome is an arc crossing all meridians of longitude at the same angle. Loxodromes are the same as straight lines in the Mercator projection. A rhumb line is not a spherical spiral. Except for some simple cases, the formula of a rhumb line is complicated. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11424_chunk_0 | State vector (navigation) | In navigation, a state vector is a set of data describing exactly where an object is located in space, and how it is moving. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11425_chunk_0 | Pedestrian dead reckoning | In navigation, dead reckoning is the process of calculating the current position of a moving object by using a previously determined position, or fix, and incorporating estimates of speed, heading (or direction or course), and elapsed time. The corresponding term in biology, to describe the processes by which animals u... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11426_chunk_0 | Egomotion estimation | In navigation, odometry is the use of data from the movement of actuators to estimate change in position over time through devices such as rotary encoders to measure wheel rotations. While useful for many wheeled or tracked vehicles, traditional odometry techniques cannot be applied to mobile robots with non-standard l... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11427_chunk_0 | Egomotion estimation | The error is compounded when the vehicle operates on non-smooth surfaces. Odometry readings become increasingly unreliable as these errors accumulate and compound over time. Visual odometry is the process of determining equivalent odometry information using sequential camera images to estimate the distance traveled. Vi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11428_chunk_0 | Sonne (navigation) | In navigation, the determination of a "fix" requires two measurements to be taken. Using classical methods, this was normally the measurement of two angles, or bearings, along the line-of-sight to prominent landmarks, like a lighthouse. After taking the two measurements, lines of position are drawn radiating from the l... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11429_chunk_0 | Demographic gift | Census Bureau predicts that India will surpass China as the world's largest country by 2025, with a large proportion of those in the working age category. Over the next two decades the continuing demographic dividend in India could add about two percentage points per annum to India's per capita GDP growth. Extreme acti... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11430_chunk_0 | 3D sound reconstruction | In near-field acoustical holography, light refraction is measured in a two-dimensional area in the medium (this two-dimensional sound field is a cross section of the three-dimensional sound field) to produce a hologram. Then the wave number of the medium is estimated through analysis of the water temperature. Multiple ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11431_chunk_0 | Campanile probe | In near-field scanning optical microscopy the campanile probe is a tapered optical probe with a shape of a campanile (a square pyramid). It is made of an optically transparent dielectric, typically silica, and its two facets are coated with a metal, typically gold. At the probe tip, the metal-coated facets are separate... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11432_chunk_0 | Campanile probe | Another advantage of the campanile probe is a high signal collection efficiency, which exceeds 90%.Campanile probes are typically fabricated as follows: a standard cylindrical single-mode optical fiber is etched with hydrofluoric acid to create a conical tip with a radius of ca. 100 nm. Then a square pyramid is carved ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11433_chunk_0 | Optical Tomography | In near-infrared diffuse optical tomography (DOT), transmitted diffuse photons are collected and a diffusion equation is used to reconstruct an image from them. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11434_chunk_0 | Galactic redshifts | In nearby objects (within our Milky Way galaxy) observed redshifts are almost always related to the line-of-sight velocities associated with the objects being observed. Observations of such redshifts and blueshifts have enabled astronomers to measure velocities and parametrize the masses of the orbiting stars in spectr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11435_chunk_0 | Massively multiplayer online role-playing | Eve Online, a space-based MMORPG, uses an alternative method of progression where users train skills in real-time rather than using experience points as a measure of progression. In some MMORPGs, there is no limit to a player's level, allowing the grinding experience to continue indefinitely. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11436_chunk_0 | 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase | In nearly all aerobic beings, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase is responsible for converting 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate. This conversion is one of many steps in breaking L-tyrosine into acetoacetate and fumarate. While the overall products of this cycle are used to create energy, plants and higher or... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11437_chunk_0 | Bogorad's syndrome | There is evidence for an interpersonal function of crying as tears express a need for help and foster willingness to help in an observer.Some modern psychotherapy movements such as Re-evaluation Counseling encourage crying as beneficial to health and mental well-being. An insincere display of grief or dishonest remorse... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11438_chunk_0 | Ray finned fish | Male territoriality "preadapts" a species for evolving male parental care.There are a few examples of fish that self-fertilise. The mangrove rivulus is an amphibious, simultaneous hermaphrodite, producing both eggs and spawn and having internal fertilisation. This mode of reproduction may be related to the fish's habit... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11439_chunk_0 | C2 photosynthesis | In nearly all species of eukaryotic algae (Chloromonas being one notable exception), upon induction of the CCM, ~95% of RuBisCO is densely packed into a single subcellular compartment: the pyrenoid. Carbon dioxide is concentrated in this compartment using a combination of CO2 pumps, bicarbonate pumps, and carbonic anhy... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11440_chunk_0 | Behavior mutation | In nearly all species, there is an obvious disequilibrium between frequency and severity of aggression in males versus females. Males are almost always the more aggressive sex and there are genetic differences that back up this observation. A common explanation for this phenomenon is the higher testosterone levels in m... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11441_chunk_0 | Behavior mutation | Mutations affecting neurotransmitters, as stated above, are the dominant cause of changes in aggressive behaviour. Another contributor to the unequal male-female aggression ratio are the sex-linked gene mutations that affect only male behaviour, such as MAO-A mentioned above. These mutations could be the reason why mal... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11442_chunk_0 | Rendering intent | In nearly every translation process, we have to deal with the fact that the color gamut of different devices vary in range which makes an accurate reproduction impossible. They therefore need some rearrangement near the borders of the gamut. Some colors must be shifted to the inside of the gamut, as they otherwise cann... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11443_chunk_0 | DART ion source | In negative-ion mode, the potential of the exit grid electrode can be set to negative potentials. Penning electrons undergo electron capture with atmospheric oxygen to produce O2−. The O2− will produce radical anions. Several reactions are possible, depending on the analyte. O 2 + e − ⟶ O 2 − ∙ {\displaystyle {\ce {{O2... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11444_chunk_0 | Hairpin transfer | In negative-sense MVM genomes, the left-end hairpin is 121 nucleotides in length and exists in a single flip sequence orientation. This telomere is Y-shaped and contains small internal palindromes that fold into the "ears" of the Y, a duplex stem region 43 nucleotides in length that is interrupted by an asymmetric thym... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11445_chunk_0 | Hairpin transfer | The inboard arm and hairpin configuration of the terminus instead appear to function as upstream control elements for the viral transcriptional promoter P4. Additionally, the ability to segregate one arm from nicking appears essential for replication.The minimal linear left-end origin is about 50 basepairs long and ext... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11446_chunk_0 | Hairpin transfer | Within the origin, there are three recognition sequences: an NS1-binding site that orients the NS1 complex over the nick site 5′-CTWWTCA-3′, which is located 17 nucleotides downstream (toward the 3′-end), and the two ACGT motifs. These motifs bind a heterodimeric cellular factor called either parvovirus initiation fact... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11447_chunk_0 | Sphere sovereignty | In neo-Calvinism, sphere sovereignty (Dutch: soevereiniteit in eigen kring), also known as differentiated responsibility, is the concept that each sphere (or sector) of life has its own distinct responsibilities and authority or competence, and stands equal to other spheres of life. Sphere sovereignty involves the idea... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11448_chunk_0 | Sphere sovereignty | For instance, the different God-given norms for family life and economic life should be recognized, such that a family does not properly function like a business. Similarly, neither faith-institutions (e.g. churches) nor an institution of civil justice (i.e. the state) should seek totalitarian control, or any regulatio... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11449_chunk_0 | Surplus value | Piero Sraffa also refers to a "physical surplus" with a similar meaning, calculated according to the relationship between prices of physical inputs and outputs. In these theories, surplus product and surplus value are equated, while value and price are identical, but the distribution of the surplus tends to be separate... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11450_chunk_0 | Etheric body | In neo-Theosophy, the etheric body, ether-body, or æther body is the subtle body propounded in esoteric philosophies as the first or lowest layer in the human energy field or aura. The etheric body is said to be in immediate contact with the physical body and to sustain it and connect it with "higher" bodies. It is als... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11451_chunk_0 | Etheric body | In selecting it as the term for a clearly defined concept in an Indian-derived metaphysical system, the Theosophists aligned it with ideas such as the prana-maya-kosha (sheath made of prana, subtle breath or life-force) of Vedantic thought. In popular use it is often confounded with the related concept of the astral bo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11452_chunk_0 | New growth theory | Households are assumed to maximize utility subject to budget constraints while firms maximize profits. Crucial importance is usually given to the production of new technologies and human capital. The engine for growth can be as simple as a constant return to scale production function (the AK model) or more complicated ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11453_chunk_0 | Workplace discrimination | In neoclassical economics theory, labor market discrimination is defined as the different treatment of two equally qualified individuals on account of their gender, race, disability, religion, etc. Discrimination is harmful since it affects the economic outcomes of equally productive workers directly and indirectly thr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11454_chunk_0 | Workplace discrimination | Furthermore, gender norms are embedded in labor markets and shape employer preferences as well worker preferences; therefore, it is not easy to separate discrimination from productivity-related inequality.Although labor market inequalities have declined after the U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1964, the movement towards equa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11455_chunk_0 | Land distribution | In neoclassical economics, the supply and demand of each factor of production interact in factor markets to determine equilibrium output, income, and the income distribution. Factor demand in turn incorporates the marginal-productivity relationship of that factor in the output market. Analysis applies to not only capit... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11456_chunk_0 | Monetary value | Thus, it was false to say that the economic value of a good was equal to what it cost to produce or to its current replacement cost. Silvio Gesell denied value theory in economics. He thought that value theory is useless and prevents economics from becoming science and that a currency administration guided by value the... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11457_chunk_0 | Neon tubes | In neon glow lamps, the luminous region of the gas is a thin, "negative glow" region immediately adjacent to a negatively charged electrode (or "cathode"); the positively charged electrode ("anode") is quite close to the cathode. These features distinguish glow lamps from the much longer and brighter "positive column" ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11458_chunk_0 | Neon tubes | Decorative (or "figural") lamps in which the cathode is shaped as a flower, animal, etc.. The figures inside these lamps were typically painted with phosphorescent paints to achieve a variety of colors. Active electronic circuits such as electronic oscillators, timers, memory elements, etc.. Intricate electronic displa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11459_chunk_0 | Neon tubes | They had the characteristic color of the neon lamp; their inventors, Donald L. Bitzer, H. Gene Slottow, and Robert H. Wilson, had achieved a working computer display that remembered its own state, and did not require constant refreshing from the central computer system. The relationship between these early monochrome d... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11460_chunk_0 | Neon tubes | These features include alternating sustain voltage, dielectric layer, wall charge, and a neon-based gas mixture." As in colored neon lamps, plasma displays use a gas mixture that emits ultraviolet light. Each pixel has a phosphor that emits one of the display's base colors. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11461_chunk_0 | Anterior hypothalamus | Within the brain, testosterone is aromatized (to estradiol), which is the principal active hormone for developmental influences. The human testis secretes high levels of testosterone from about week 8 of fetal life until 5–6 months after birth (a similar perinatal surge in testosterone is observed in many species), a p... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11462_chunk_0 | Ultrasound machine | In nephrology, ultrasonography of the kidneys is essential in the diagnosis and management of kidney-related diseases. The kidneys are easily examined, and most pathological changes are distinguishable with ultrasound. It is an accessible, versatile, relatively economic, and fast aid for decision-making in patients wit... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11463_chunk_0 | Frontend and backend | In network computing, frontend can refer to any hardware that optimizes or protects network traffic. It is called application front-end hardware because it is placed on the network's outward-facing frontend or boundary. Network traffic passes through the front-end hardware before entering the network. In processor desi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11464_chunk_0 | Fault management | In network management, fault management is the set of functions that detect, isolate, and correct malfunctions in a telecommunications network, compensate for environmental changes, and include maintaining and examining error logs, accepting and acting on error detection notifications, tracing and identifying faults, c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11465_chunk_0 | Fault management | These can range in severity from debug to emergency, as in the syslog protocol. Alternatively, they could use the ITU X.733 Alarm Reporting Function's perceived severity field. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11466_chunk_0 | Control plane | Control plane logic also can identify certain packets to be discarded, as well as preferential treatment of certain packets for which a high quality of service is defined by such mechanisms as differentiated services. Depending on the specific router implementation, there may be a separate forwarding information base t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11467_chunk_0 | Biased random walk on a graph | In network science, a biased random walk on a graph is a time path process in which an evolving variable jumps from its current state to one of various potential new states; unlike in a pure random walk, the probabilities of the potential new states are unequal. Biased random walks on a graph provide an approach for th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11468_chunk_0 | Hub (network science) | In network science, a hub is a node with a number of links that greatly exceeds the average. Emergence of hubs is a consequence of a scale-free property of networks. : 27 While hubs cannot be observed in a random network, they are expected to emerge in scale-free networks. The uprise of hubs in scale-free networks is a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11469_chunk_0 | Ingredient-flavor network | In network science, ingredient-flavor networks are networks describing the sharing of flavor compounds of culinary ingredients. In the bipartite form, an ingredient-flavor network consist of two different types of nodes: the ingredients used in the recipes and the flavor compounds that contributes to the flavor of each... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11470_chunk_0 | Non-linear preferential attachment | In network science, preferential attachment means that nodes of a network tend to connect to those nodes which have more links. If the network is growing and new nodes tend to connect to existing ones with linear probability in the degree of the existing nodes then preferential attachment leads to a scale-free network.... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11471_chunk_0 | Reciprocity (network science) | In network science, reciprocity is a measure of the likelihood of vertices in a directed network to be mutually linked. Like the clustering coefficient, scale-free degree distribution, or community structure, reciprocity is a quantitative measure used to study complex networks. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11472_chunk_0 | Activity-driven model | In network science, the activity-driven model is a temporal network model in which each node has a randomly-assigned "activity potential", which governs how it links to other nodes over time. Each node j {\displaystyle j} (out of N {\displaystyle N} total) has its activity potential x i {\displaystyle x_{i}} drawn from... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11473_chunk_0 | Activity-driven model | Properties of time-aggregated network snapshots are able to be studied in terms of F ( x ) {\displaystyle F(x)} . For example, since each node j {\displaystyle j} after T {\displaystyle T} timesteps will have on average m η x i T {\displaystyle m\eta x_{i}T} outgoing links, the degree distribution after T {\displaystyl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11474_chunk_0 | Efficiency (network science) | On a global scale, efficiency quantifies the exchange of information across the whole network where information is concurrently exchanged. The local efficiency quantifies a network's resistance to failure on a small scale. That is the local efficiency of a node i {\displaystyle i} characterizes how well information is ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11475_chunk_0 | Disparity filter algorithm of weighted network | In network science, the strength notated as si of a node i is defined as si = Σjwij, where wij is the weight of the link between i and j. In order to apply the disparity filter algorithm without overlooking nodes with low strength, a normalized weight pij is defined as pij = wij/si. In the null model, the normalized we... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11476_chunk_0 | Giant component | In network theory, a giant component is a connected component of a given random graph that contains a significant fraction of the entire graph's vertices. More precisely, in graphs drawn randomly from a probability distribution over arbitrarily large graphs, a giant component is a connected component whose fraction of ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11477_chunk_0 | Collective classification | In network theory, collective classification is the simultaneous prediction of the labels for multiple objects, where each label is predicted using information about the object's observed features, the observed features and labels of its neighbors, and the unobserved labels of its neighbors. Collective classification p... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11478_chunk_0 | Multidimensional network | In network theory, multidimensional networks, a special type of multilayer network, are networks with multiple kinds of relations. Increasingly sophisticated attempts to model real-world systems as multidimensional networks have yielded valuable insight in the fields of social network analysis, economics, urban and int... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11479_chunk_0 | Braunstein–Ghosh–Severini entropy | In network theory, the Braunstein–Ghosh–Severini entropy (BGS entropy) of a network is the von Neumann entropy of a density matrix given by a normalized Laplacian matrix of the network. This definition of entropy does not have a clear thermodynamical interpretation. The BGS entropy has been used in the context of quant... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11480_chunk_0 | Cable modems | In the Application Layer (Layer 7), the cable modem supports certain protocols that are used for management and maintenance, notably Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), SNMP, and TFTP. Some cable modems may incorporate a router and a DHCP server to provide the LAN with IP network addressing. From a data forward... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11481_chunk_0 | Evolving networks | In networked systems where competitive decision making takes place, game theory is often used to model system dynamics, and convergence towards equilibria can be considered as a driver of topological evolution. For example, Kasthurirathna and Piraveenan have shown that when individuals in a system display varying level... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11482_chunk_0 | Multipath routing | In networking and in graph theory, capillary routing, for a given network, is a multi-path solution between a pair of source and destination nodes. Unlike shortest-path routing or max-flow routing, for any given network topology - only one capillary routing solution exists. Capillary routing can be constructed by an it... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11483_chunk_0 | Multipath routing | Again, minimize the maximal load of all remaining links, but now without the bottlenecks of the 2nd network layer as well. Repeat this algorithm until the entire communication footprint is enclosed in the bottlenecks of the constructed layers.At each functional layer of the network protocol, after minimizing the maxima... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11484_chunk_0 | End System | With the emergence of the internet of things, household items (such as toasters and refrigerators) as well as portable, handheld computers and digital cameras are all being connected to the internet as end systems. End systems are generally connected to each other using switching devices known as routers rather than us... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11485_chunk_0 | Voronoi diagrams | In networking, Voronoi diagrams can be used in derivations of the capacity of a wireless network. In computer graphics, Voronoi diagrams are used to calculate 3D shattering / fracturing geometry patterns. It is also used to procedurally generate organic or lava-looking textures. In autonomous robot navigation, Voronoi ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11486_chunk_0 | Voronoi diagrams | If the points are obstacles, then the edges of the graph will be the routes furthest from obstacles (and theoretically any collisions). In machine learning, Voronoi diagrams are used to do 1-NN classifications. In global scene reconstruction, including with random sensor sites and unsteady wake flow, geophysical data, ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11487_chunk_0 | Race condition | However, the latency across the network makes possible the kind of race condition described. In this case, heading off race conditions by imposing a form of control over access to the shared resource—say, appointing one server to control who holds what privileges—would mean turning the distributed network into a centra... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11488_chunk_0 | Routing algorithms | In networks where a logically centralized control is available over the forwarding state, for example, using software-defined networking, routing techniques can be used that aim to optimize global and network-wide performance metrics. This has been used by large internet companies that operate many data centers in diff... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11489_chunk_0 | Dinic's algorithm | In networks with unit capacities, a much stronger time bound holds. Each blocking flow can be found in O ( E ) {\displaystyle O(E)} time, and it can be shown that the number of phases does not exceed O ( E ) {\displaystyle O({\sqrt {E}})} and O ( V 2 / 3 ) {\displaystyle O(V^{2/3})} . Thus the algorithm runs in O ( min... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11490_chunk_0 | Biological computing | In networks-based biocomputation, self-propelled biological agents, such as molecular motor proteins or bacteria, explore a microscopic network that encodes a mathematical problem of interest. The paths of the agents through the network and/or their final positions represent potential solutions to the problem. For inst... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11491_chunk_0 | Biological computing | The myosin and kinesin, respectively, are attached to the bottom of the network channels. When adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is added, the actin filaments or microtubules are propelled through the channels, thus exploring the network. The energy conversion from chemical energy (ATP) to mechanical energy (motility) is hi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11492_chunk_0 | Softmax activation function | In neural network applications, the number K of possible outcomes is often large, e.g. in case of neural language models that predict the most likely outcome out of a vocabulary which might contain millions of possible words. This can make the calculations for the softmax layer (i.e. the matrix multiplications to deter... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11493_chunk_0 | Softmax activation function | The hierarchical softmax (introduced by Morin and Bengio in 2005) uses a binary tree structure where the outcomes (vocabulary words) are the leaves and the intermediate nodes are suitably selected "classes" of outcomes, forming latent variables. The desired probability (softmax value) of a leaf (outcome) can then be ca... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11494_chunk_0 | Softmax activation function | In practice, results depend on choosing a good strategy for clustering the outcomes into classes. A Huffman tree was used for this in Google's word2vec models (introduced in 2013) to achieve scalability.A second kind of remedies is based on approximating the softmax (during training) with modified loss functions that a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11495_chunk_0 | Black box | In neural networking or heuristic algorithms (computer terms generally used to describe 'learning' computers or 'AI simulations'), a black box is used to describe the constantly changing section of the program environment which cannot easily be tested by the programmers. This is also called a white box in the context t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11496_chunk_0 | Pooling (neural networks) | When using dilated layers, the number of pixels in the receptive field remains constant, but the field is more sparsely populated as its dimensions grow when combining the effect of several layers. To manipulate the receptive field size as desired, there are some alternatives to the standard convolutional layer. For ex... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11497_chunk_0 | Dura mater | In neuroanatomy, dura mater is a thick membrane made of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three layers of membrane called the meninges that protect the central nervous system. The other two meningeal layers are the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. I... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11498_chunk_0 | Lateral habenula | In neuroanatomy, habenula (diminutive of Latin habena meaning rein) originally denoted the stalk of the pineal gland (pineal habenula; pedunculus of pineal body), but gradually came to refer to a neighboring group of nerve cells with which the pineal gland was believed to be associated, the habenular nucleus. The haben... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_11499_chunk_0 | Lateral habenula | By way of the fasciculus retroflexus (habenulointerpeduncular tract) it projects to the interpeduncular nucleus and other paramedian cell groups of the midbrain tegmentum. Although they were predominantly studied for their demonstration of asymmetrical brain development and function, in recent years many scientists hav... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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