title
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2020 Global reassessment of the neutrino oscillation picture
We present an updated global fit of neutrino oscillation data in the simplest three-neutrino framework. In the present study we include up-to-date analyses from a number of experiments. Namely, we have included all T2K measurements as of December 2019, the most recent NO$\nu$A antineutrino statistics, and data collecte...
http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.11237v1
2006.11237
2020-06-19
natural-language-processing
2020 Ian Snook Prize Problem : Three Routes to the Information Dimensions for a One-Dimensional Stochastic Random Walk and for an Equivalent Prototypical Two-Dimensional Baker Map
The \$1000 Ian Snook Prize for 2020 will be awarded to the author(s) of the most interesting paper exploring a pair of relatively simple, but fractal, models of nonequilibrium systems, a dissipative time-reversible Baker Map and an equivalent stochastic random walk. The two-dimensional deterministic, time-reversible, c...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.12642v3
1910.12642
2019-11-10
natural-language-processing
2020 NDSA Agenda for Digital Stewardship
The NDSA Agenda is a comprehensive overview of the state of global digital preservation. It casts its eye over current research trends, grants, projects, and various efforts spanning the preservation ecosystem. The agenda identifies successes and ongoing challenges in addition to providing some tangible recommendations...
http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.05474v1
2005.05474
2020-05-11
natural-language-processing
2020 Nobel Prize for Physics: Black holes and the Milky Way's darkest secret
This article was written at the invitation of Current Science to explain the history and Science behind this year's Nobel prize in Physics. The article is aimed at a general audience and provides a popular account and perspective on the subject of black holes.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.06656v1
2011.06656
2020-11-12
natural-language-processing
2020 Physics Critique: Can a muon collider be operational within the next 30 years?
A 2020 physics critique report for Year 4 MSci Physics with Particle Physics & Cosmology with the University of Birmingham, School of Physics & Astronomy. Muon colliders are a proposed next-generation particle accelerator which benefit from the muon's fundamentality and relatively high mass to perform simultaneous high...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13781v1
2502.13781
2025-02-19
natural-language-processing
2020 State of the Octoverse: Finding Balance Between Work and Play
Over the past year, many developers and other technology professionals have transitioned to a remote-first world, as COVID-19 pressed organizations to support working from home whenever possible. This shift quickly changed the routines and environments where we work and learn, redrawing the lines between personal and p...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.10248v1
2110.10248
2021-10-19
natural-language-processing
2020 State of the Octoverse: Securing the World's Software
Open source is the connective tissue for much of the information economy. You would be hard-pressed to find a scenario where your data does not pass through at least one open source component. Many of the services and technology we all rely on, from banking to healthcare, also rely on open source software. The artifact...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.10246v1
2110.10246
2021-10-19
natural-language-processing
2020 UK Lockdown Cyber Narratives: the Secure, the Insecure and the Worrying
On the 23rd March 2020, the UK entered a period of lockdown in the face of a deadly pandemic. While some were unable to work from home, many organisations were forced to move their activities online. Here, we discuss the technologies they used, from a privacy and security perspective. We also mention the communication ...
http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.06340v2
2006.06340
2020-06-19
natural-language-processing
2020 U.S. presidential election in swing states: Gender differences in Twitter conversations
Social media is commonly used by the public during election campaigns to express their opinions regarding different issues. Among various social media channels, Twitter provides an efficient platform for researchers and politicians to explore public opinion regarding a wide range of topics such as the economy and forei...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.09416v2
2108.09416
2021-08-21
natural-language-processing
2020 Vision: Towards a Sustainable OIR System
Open-access telescopes of all apertures are needed to operate a competitive and efficient national science program. While larger facilities contribute light-gathering power and angular resolution, smaller ones dominate for field of view, time-resolution, and especially, total available observing time, thereby enabling ...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.06715v1
1907.06715
2019-07-15
natural-language-processing
2020福爾摩沙臺語語音辨識比賽之初步實驗 (A Preliminary Study of Formosa Speech Recognition Challenge 2020 – Taiwanese ASR)
https://aclanthology.org/2021.ijclclp-1.3
null
null
natural-language-processing
2021 BEETL Competition: Advancing Transfer Learning for Subject Independence & Heterogenous EEG Data Sets
Transfer learning and meta-learning offer some of the most promising avenues to unlock the scalability of healthcare and consumer technologies driven by biosignal data. This is because current methods cannot generalise well across human subjects' data and handle learning from different heterogeneously collected data se...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.12950v1
2202.12950
2022-02-14
natural-language-processing
2021 Census of Interstellar, Circumstellar, Extragalactic, Protoplanetary Disk, and Exoplanetary Molecules
To date, 241 individual molecular species, comprised of 19 different elements, have been detected in the interstellar and circumstellar medium by astronomical observations. These molecules range in size from two atoms to seventy, and have been detected across the electromagnetic spectrum from cm-wavelengths to the ultr...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.13848v2
2109.13848
2021-09-27
natural-language-processing
2021 Drexel Society of Artificial Intelligence Research Conference
The 2021 Drexel Society of Artificial Intelligence Research Conference highlights papers focused on a broad set of papers in machine learning. This was our organizations' first annual conference. It was conducted virtually via Zoom. The highlights are currently posted on YouTube.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.05263v3
2110.05263
2021-08-25
natural-language-processing
2021 Effective Area calibration of the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR)
We present here the updated calibration of The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray NuSTAR, which was performed using data on the Crab accumulated over the last 9 years in orbit. The basis for this new calibration contains over 250ks of focused Crab (imaged through the optics) and over 500ks of stray-light Crab (not i...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.11522v1
2110.11522
2021-10-21
natural-language-processing
2021-$H_0$ Odyssey: Closed, Phantom and Interacting Dark Energy Cosmologies
Up-to-date cosmological data analyses have shown that \textit{(a)} a closed universe is preferred by the Planck data at more than $99\%$ CL, and \textit{(b)} interacting scenarios offer a very compelling solution to the Hubble constant tension. In light of these two recent appealing scenarios, we consider here an inter...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03129v3
2101.03129
2021-01-08
natural-language-processing
2021 occultations and transits of Linus orbiting (22) Kalliope: I. Polygonal and `cliptracing' algorithm
The satellite Linus orbiting the main-belt asteroid (22) Kalliope exhibited occultation and transit events in late 2021. A photometric campaign was organized and observations were taken by the TRAPPIST-South, SPECULOOS-Artemis, OWL-Net, and BOAO telescopes, with the goal to constrain models of this system. Our dynamica...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.04768v1
2306.04768
2023-06-07
natural-language-processing
2021 superoutburst of WZ Sge-type dwarf nova V627 Pegasi lacks an early superhump phase
Superoutbursts in WZ Sge-type dwarf novae (DNe) are characterized by both early superhumps and ordinary superhumps originating from the 2:1 and 3:1 resonances, respectively. However, some WZ Sge-type DNe show a superoutburst lacking early superhumps; it is not well established how these differ from superoutbursts with ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.17960v1
2303.17960
2023-03-31
natural-language-processing
2021 Update on $\varepsilon_K$ with lattice QCD inputs
We present recent updates for $\varepsilon_K$ determined directly from the standard model (SM) with lattice QCD inputs such as $\hat{B}_K$, $|V_{cb}|$, $|V_{us}|$, $\xi_0$, $\xi_2$, $\xi_\text{LD}$, $f_K$, and $m_c$. We find that the standard model with exclusive $|V_{cb}|$ and other lattice QCD inputs describes only 6...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.11473v2
2202.11473
2022-02-23
natural-language-processing
2022 Flood Impact in Pakistan: Remote Sensing Assessment of Agricultural and Urban Damage
Pakistan was hit by the world's deadliest flood in June 2022, causing agriculture and infrastructure damage across the country. Remote sensing technology offers a cost-effective and efficient method for flood impact assessment. This study is aimed to assess the impact of flooding on crops and built-up areas. Landsat 9 ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.07126v1
2410.07126
2024-09-21
natural-language-processing
2022 Nobel Prize in Physics and the End of Mechanistic Materialism
The ideas and results that are in the background of the 2022 Nobel Prize in physics had an immense impact on our understanding of reality. Therefore, it is crucial that these implications reach also the general public, not only the scientists in the related fields of quantum mechanics. The purpose of this review is to ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.12297v2
2308.12297
2023-08-11
natural-language-processing
2022 report from the Auger-TA working group on UHECR arrival directions
After over 60 years, the powerful engines that accelerate ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) to the formidable energies at which we observe them from Earth remain mysterious. Assuming standard physics, we expect UHECR sources to lie within the local Universe (up to a few hundred~Mpc). The distribution of matter in ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.04502v1
2302.04502
2023-02-09
natural-language-processing
2022 Review of Data-Driven Plasma Science
Data science and technology offer transformative tools and methods to science. This review article highlights latest development and progress in the interdisciplinary field of data-driven plasma science (DDPS). A large amount of data and machine learning algorithms go hand in hand. Most plasma data, whether experimenta...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.15832v1
2205.15832
2022-05-31
natural-language-processing
2022 Roadmap for Materials for Quantum Technologies
Quantum technologies are poised to move the foundational principles of quantum physics to the forefront of applications. This roadmap identifies some of the key challenges and provides insights on materials innovations underlying a range of exciting quantum technology frontiers. Over the past decades, hardware platform...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.07309v1
2202.07309
2022-02-15
natural-language-processing
2022 Roadmap on Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering
Modern computation based on the von Neumann architecture is today a mature cutting-edge science. In the Von Neumann architecture, processing and memory units are implemented as separate blocks interchanging data intensively and continuously. This data transfer is responsible for a large part of the power consumption. T...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.05956v3
2105.05956
2021-05-12
natural-language-processing
2022 Update of the discoveries of nuclides
The 2022 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. It is the first update in four years, and 36 new nuclides were observed for the first time during 2019-2022. Isotopes that have so far only been published in conference proceedings or internal reports are also listed.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.01958v1
2303.01958
2023-03-03
natural-language-processing
2022 Update on $\varepsilon_K$ with lattice QCD inputs
We present recent updates for $\varepsilon_K$ determined directly from the standard model (SM) with lattice QCD inputs such as $\hat{B}_K$, $|V_{cb}|$, $|V_{us}|$, $\xi_0$, $\xi_2$, $\xi_\text{LD}$, $f_K$, and $m_c$. We find that the standard model with exclusive $|V_{cb}|$ and other lattice QCD inputs describes only 6...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.12375v2
2301.12375
2023-01-29
natural-language-processing
2022 Upgrade and Improved Low Frequency Camera Sensitivity for CMB Observation at the South Pole
Constraining the Galactic foregrounds with multi-frequency Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations is an essential step towards ultimately reaching the sensitivity to measure primordial gravitational waves (PGWs), the sign of inflation after the Big-Bang that would be imprinted on the CMB. The BICEP Array telesc...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.01080v1
2208.01080
2022-08-01
natural-language-processing
2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments
Photonics offer numerous functionalities that can be used to realize astrophotonic instruments. The most spectacular example to date is the ESO Gravity instrument at the Very Large Telescope in Chile. Integrated astrophotonic devices stand to offer critical advantages for instrument development, including extreme minia...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.00615v1
2311.00615
2023-11-01
natural-language-processing
2023 Low-Power Computer Vision Challenge (LPCVC) Summary
This article describes the 2023 IEEE Low-Power Computer Vision Challenge (LPCVC). Since 2015, LPCVC has been an international competition devoted to tackling the challenge of computer vision (CV) on edge devices. Most CV researchers focus on improving accuracy, at the expense of ever-growing sizes of machine models. LP...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.07153v1
2403.07153
2024-03-11
natural-language-processing
2023 Update of the Discovery of Nuclides
The 2023 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented when thirteen nuclides were observed for the first time. In addition, a major update and revision of the isotope discovery project is described.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.17750v1
2403.17750
2024-03-26
natural-language-processing
2023 update of the extraction of the CKM matrix elements
I discuss the extraction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements under the Standard Model (SM) framework from a global fit combining observables that satisfy the double requirement of being precisely known both experimentally and theoretically. The analysis shown here relies on the CKMfitter package, con...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.08046v1
2405.08046
2024-05-13
natural-language-processing
2023 Update of $\varepsilon_K$ with lattice QCD inputs
We report recent progress on $\varepsilon_K$ evaluated directly from the standard model (SM) with lattice QCD inputs such as $\hat{B}_K$, $|V_{cb}|$, $|V_{us}|$, $|V_{ud}|$, $\xi_0$, $\xi_2$, $\xi_\text{LD}$, $f_K$, and $m_c$. We find that the standard model with exclusive $|V_{cb}|$ and lattice QCD inputs describes on...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.02986v2
2312.02986
2023-11-20
natural-language-processing
2024 California Community Earth Models for Seismic Hazard Assessments Workshop Report
The California Community Earth Models for Seismic Hazard Assessments Workshop (https://www.scec.org/workshops/2024/california-community-models, accessed December 16, 2024) was held online on March 4-5, 2024, with more than 200 participants over two days. In this report, we provide a summary of the key points from the p...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.11545v1
2503.11545
2025-03-14
natural-language-processing
2024 Google Scholar Research Interest Ranking for Top 3260 Computer Science Authors
Computer science research spans a diverse array of topics, with scholars exploring numerous subfields. This paper examines the self-reported research interests of the top 3,260 most cited computer science authors on Google Scholar. Using the scholarly Python library, we systematically retrieved and classified their int...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.13451v1
2503.13451
2024-12-31
natural-language-processing
2024 'Key Reflections' on the 1824 Sadi Carnot's 'Reflexions' and 200 Year Legacy
This author is not a philosopher nor historian of science, but an engineering thermodynamicist. In that regard and in addition to various philosophical "why & how" treatises and existing historical analyses, the physical and logical "what it is" reflections, as sequential Key Points, where a key Sadi Carnot's reasoning...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.15787v1
2501.15787
2025-01-27
natural-language-processing
2024 roadmap on 2D topological insulators
2D topological insulators promise novel approaches towards electronic, spintronic, and quantum device applications. This is owing to unique features of their electronic band structure, in which bulk-boundary correspondences enforces the existence of 1D spin-momentum locked metallic edge states - both helical and chiral...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.14209v1
2406.14209
2024-06-20
natural-language-processing
2024 Roadmap on Magnetic Microscopy Techniques and Their Applications in Materials Science
Considering the growing interest in magnetic materials for unconventional computing, data storage, and sensor applications, there is active research not only on material synthesis but also characterisation of their properties. In addition to structural and integral magnetic characterisations, imaging of magnetization p...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.04793v1
2401.04793
2024-01-09
natural-language-processing
2024 Update on $\varepsilon_K$ with lattice QCD inputs
We report recent progress on $\varepsilon_K$ evaluated directly from the standard model (SM) with lattice QCD inputs such as $\hat{B}_K$, exclusive $|V_{cb}|$, $|V_{us}|$, $|V_{ud}|$, $\xi_0$, $\xi_2$, $\xi_\text{LD}$, $f_K$, and $m_c$. We find that the standard model with exclusive $|V_{cb}|$ and lattice QCD inputs de...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.00215v2
2501.00215
2024-12-31
natural-language-processing
2025 Santorini-Amorgos crisis triggered by a transition from volcanic to regular tectonic activity
Fluid movement beneath volcanic regions can influence earthquake activity, but the processes linking seismic and volcanic systems are not fully understood. In early 2025, an unusual seismic sequence occurred close to Santorini, providing new insight into these interactions. Here we show that the sequence was likely ini...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.21371v1
2504.21371
2025-04-30
natural-language-processing
2025 TGRS A Self-Supervised Method for Seismic Random Noise Attenuation under Non-Pixelwise Independent Assumption
The attenuation of seismic field noise using self-supervised deep learning has gained attention due to its label-free training process. However, common self-supervised methods are limited by the pixelwise independence assumption, which does not align with field seismic noise characteristics, and suffer from signal leak...
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11007646
null
2025-05-11
natural-language-processing
2025 update on $\varepsilon_K$ in the Standard Model with lattice QCD inputs
We present theoretical results for the indirect CP violation parameter, $|\varepsilon_K|$ calculated directly from the standard model using lattice QCD inputs such as $\hat{B}_K$, $|V_{cb}|$, $|V_{us}|$, $|V_{ud}|$, $\xi_0$, $\xi_2$, $F_K$, and $m_c$ (charm quark mass). We find a strong tension in $|\varepsilon_K|$ at ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.00351v3
2503.00351
2025-03-01
natural-language-processing
2026 ESPPU input from the ANUBIS Collaboration
It is imperative for us as a particle physics community to fully exploit the physics potential of the High-Luminosity LHC. This calls for us not to leave any stone unturned in the search for Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics. Many BSM models that address fundamental questions of physics like the particulate natur...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03195v1
2504.03195
2025-04-04
natural-language-processing
2048 is (PSPACE) Hard, but Sometimes Easy
We prove that a variant of 2048, a popular online puzzle game, is PSPACE-Complete. Our hardness result holds for a version of the problem where the player has oracle access to the computer player's moves. Specifically, we show that for an $n \times n$ game board $\mathcal{G}$, computing a sequence of moves to reach a p...
https://arxiv.org/abs/1408.6315v1
1408.6315
2014-08-27
natural-language-processing
2060: Civilization, Energy, and Progression of Mankind on the Kardashev Scale
Energy has been propelling the development of human civilization for millennia, and technologies acquiring energy beyond human and animal power have been continuously advanced and transformed. In 1964, the Kardashev Scale was proposed to quantify the relationship between energy consumption and the development of civili...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.12617v1
2208.12617
2022-08-10
natural-language-processing
2064 global population crisis scenario predicted by the most general dynamic model
There is currently no consensus on how the global population will evolve in the next decades and in the next century. The reason for this uncertainty is the absence of reliable population dynamic models. In this paper, we remedy to this situation by reporting on a population dynamic model, a single nonlinear differenti...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.19063v2
2502.19063
2025-02-26
natural-language-processing
20736-node Weighted Max-Cut Problem Solving by Quadrature Photonic Spatial Ising Machine
To tackle challenging combinatorial optimization problems, analog computing machines based on the nature-inspired Ising model are attracting increasing attentions in order to disruptively overcome the impending limitations on conventional electronic computers. Photonic spatial Ising machine has become an unique and pri...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.04651v2
2301.04651
2023-01-11
natural-language-processing
207 New Open Star Clusters within 1 kpc from Gaia Data Release 2
We conducted a survey of open clusters within 1 kpc from the Sun using the astrometric and photometric data of the Gaia Data Release 2. We found 655 cluster candidates by visual inspection of the stellar distributions in proper motion space and spatial distributions in l-b space. All of the 655 cluster candidates have ...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.06872v3
1907.06872
2019-10-15
natural-language-processing
(208) Lacrimosa: A case that missed the Slivan state?
The largest asteroids in the Koronis family (sizes $\geq 25$ km) have very peculiar rotation state properties, with the retrograde- and prograde-rotating objects being distinctly different. A recent e-analysis of observations suggests that one of the asteroids formerly thought to be retrograde-rotating, 208~Lacrimosa, ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.12480v1
2103.12480
2021-03-23
natural-language-processing
$^{208}$Pb nuclear charge radius revisited: closing the fine-structure-anomaly gap
A comprehensive reevaluation of the root-mean-square nuclear charge radius is presented for the doubly magic $^{208}$Pb extracted from muonic spectroscopy measurements. By integrating rigorous theoretical quantum electrodynamics calculations, state-of-the-art numerical methods, and a systematic reanalysis of the uncert...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19977v1
2504.19977
2025-04-28
natural-language-processing
$20'$ Five-Point Function from $AdS_5\times S^5$ Supergravity
We develop new techniques to compute five-point correlation functions from IIB supergravity on $AdS_5\times S^5$. Our methods rely entirely on symmetry and general consistency conditions, and eschew detailed knowledge of the supergravity effective action. We demonstrate our methods by computing the five-point function ...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.05305v2
1906.05305
2019-10-21
natural-language-processing
20-fold Accelerated 7T fMRI Using Referenceless Self-Supervised Deep Learning Reconstruction
High spatial and temporal resolution across the whole brain is essential to accurately resolve neural activities in fMRI. Therefore, accelerated imaging techniques target improved coverage with high spatio-temporal resolution. Simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) imaging combined with in-plane acceleration are used in large ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.05827v1
2105.05827
2021-05-12
natural-language-processing
20 GHz fiber-integrated femtosecond pulse and supercontinuum generation with a resonant electro-optic frequency comb
Frequency combs with mode spacing in the range of 10 to 20 gigahertz (GHz) are critical for increasingly important applications such as astronomical spectrograph calibration, high-speed dual-comb spectroscopy, and low-noise microwave generation. While electro-optic modulators and microresonators can provide narrowband ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.11523v1
2303.11523
2023-03-21
natural-language-processing
20 GHZ Low Noise LLRF System
A 20 GHz LLRF system is being built using a two-board(RF Front End + ADC/DAC/FPGA) architecture. The RF Front End provides 8 down-converting channels and 3 up-converting channels (5.5-20 GHz RF to 0.05-3 GHz IF). Separate, phase locked, low-noise input and output LO's are generated on-board with an independent programm...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.11936v1
1910.11936
2019-10-23
natural-language-processing
20 K superconductivity in heavily electron doped surface layer of FeSe bulk crystal
A superconducting transition temperature Tc as high as 100 K was recently discovered in 1 monolayer (1ML) FeSe grown on SrTiO3 (STO). The discovery immediately ignited efforts to identify the mechanism for the dramatically enhanced Tc from its bulk value of 7 K. Currently, there are two main views on the origin of the ...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.07950v2
1511.07950
2015-12-15
natural-language-processing
20-MAD -- 20 Years of Issues and Commits of Mozilla and Apache Development
Data of long-lived and high profile projects is valuable for research on successful software engineering in the wild. Having a dataset with different linked software repositories of such projects, enables deeper diving investigations. This paper presents 20-MAD, a dataset linking the commit and issue data of Mozilla an...
http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.14015v1
2003.14015
2020-03-31
natural-language-processing
20min-XD: A Comparable Corpus of Swiss News Articles
We present 20min-XD (20 Minuten cross-lingual document-level), a French-German, document-level comparable corpus of news articles, sourced from the Swiss online news outlet 20 Minuten/20 minutes. Our dataset comprises around 15,000 article pairs spanning 2015 to 2024, automatically aligned based on semantic similarity....
https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.21677v1
2504.21677
2025-04-30
natural-language-processing
20-Mode Universal Quantum Photonic Processor
Integrated photonics is an essential technology for optical quantum computing. Universal, phase-stable, reconfigurable multimode interferometers (quantum photonic processors) enable manipulation of photonic quantum states and are one of the main components of photonic quantum computers in various architectures. In this...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.01801v5
2203.01801
2022-03-03
natural-language-processing
20 open questions about deformations of compactifiable manifolds
Deformation theory of complex manifolds is a classical subject with recent new advances in the noncompact case using both algebraic and analytic methods. In this note, we recall some concepts of the existing theory and introduce new notions of deformations for manifolds with boundary, for compactifiable manifolds, an...
http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.11299v1
2004.11299
2020-04-23
natural-language-processing
20 ps Time Resolution with a Fully-Efficient Monolithic Silicon Pixel Detector without Internal Gain Layer
A second monolithic silicon pixel prototype was produced for the MONOLITH project. The ASIC contains a matrix of hexagonal pixels with 100 {\mu}m pitch, readout by a low-noise and very fast SiGe HBT frontend electronics. Wafers with 50 {\mu}m thick epilayer of 350 {\Omega}cm resistivity were used to produce a fully dep...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.12244v1
2301.12244
2023-01-28
natural-language-processing
20 T Dipole Magnet Based on Hybrid HTS/LTS Cos-Theta Coils with Stress Management
This paper presents the design concept of the dipole magnet with 50 mm aperture, 20 T nominal field and 13% margin based on a six-layer cos-theta (CT) hybrid coil design. Due to the high stresses and strains in the coil at high field, Stress Management (SM) elements are implemented in the CT coil geometry. The results ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.06776v1
2305.06776
2023-05-11
natural-language-processing
(2,0) theory on $S^5 \times S^1$ and quantum M2 branes
The superconformal index $Z$ of the 6d (2,0) theory on $S^5 \times S^1$ (which is related to the localization partition function of 5d SYM on $S^5$) should be captured at large $N$ by the quantum M2 brane theory in the dual M-theory background. Generalizing the type IIA string theory limit of this relation discussed in...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.10786v4
2309.10786
2023-09-19
natural-language-processing
20 Years of ACE Data: How Superposed Epoch Analyses Reveal Generic Features in Interplanetary CME Profiles
Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are magnetic structures propagating from the Sun's corona to the interplanetary medium. With over 20 years of observations at the L1 libration point, ACE offers hundreds of ICMEs detected at different times during several solar cycles and with different features such as the...
http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.05050v1
2011.05050
2020-11-10
natural-language-processing
20 Years of DDoS: a Call to Action
Botnet Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are now 20 years old; what has changed in that time? Their disruptive presence, their volume, distribution across the globe, and the relative ease of launching them have all been trending in favor of attackers. Our increases in network capacity and our architectural d...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.02739v2
1904.02739
2019-04-21
natural-language-processing
20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications
Optical frequency combs were developed nearly two decades ago to support the world's most precise atomic clocks. Acting as precision optical synthesizers, frequency combs enable the precise transfer of phase and frequency information from a high-stability reference to hundreds of thousands of tones in the optical domai...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.05384v1
1909.05384
2019-09-11
natural-language-processing
20 years of disk winds in 4U 1630-47 -- I. Long-term behavior and influence of hard X-rays
Highly ionized X-ray wind signatures have been found in the soft states of high-inclination Black Hole Low Mass X-ray Binaries (BHLMXBs) for more than two decades. Yet signs of a systematic evolution of the outflow itself along the outburst remain elusive, due to the limited sampling of individual sources and the neces...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.00991v1
2504.00991
2025-04-01
natural-language-processing
20 Years of Evolution from Cognitive to Intelligent Communications
It has been 20 years since the concept of cognitive radio (CR) was proposed, which is an efficient approach to provide more access opportunities to connect massive wireless devices. To improve the spectrum efficiency, CR enables unlicensed usage of licensed spectrum resources. It has been regarded as the key enabler fo...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11562v1
1909.11562
2019-09-25
natural-language-processing
20 years of Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedures with Path Relinking
This is a comprehensive review of the Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) metaheuristic and its hybridization with Path Relinking (PR) over the past two decades. GRASP with PR has become a widely adopted approach for solving hard optimization problems since its proposal in 1999. The paper covers the his...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.12663v1
2312.12663
2023-12-19
natural-language-processing
20 Years of Light Pentaquark Searches
In this paper, I pay tribute to my exceptional colleagues and friends Dmitri Diakonov, Victor Petrov, and Maxim Polyakov by examining the experimental progress and current status of the searches of the $\Theta^+$ pentaquark from its inception to the present.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.21545v2
2503.21545
2025-03-27
natural-language-processing
20 Years of Mobility Modeling & Prediction: Trends, Shortcomings & Perspectives
In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of human-mobility modeling based on 1680 articles published between 1999 and 2019, which can serve as a roadmap for research and practice in this area. Mobility modeling research has accelerated the advancement of several fields of studies such as urban planning, epidemi...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.07451v1
1906.07451
2019-06-18
natural-language-processing
20 years of network community detection
A fundamental technical challenge in the analysis of network data is the automated discovery of communities - groups of nodes that are strongly connected or that share similar features or roles. In this commentary we review progress in the field over the last 20 years.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.00111v2
2208.00111
2022-07-30
natural-language-processing
20 years of ordinal patterns: Perspectives and challenges
In 2002, in a seminal article, Christoph Bandt and Bernd Pompe proposed a new methodology for the analysis of complex time series, now known as Ordinal Analysis. The ordinal methodology is based on the computation of symbols (known as ordinal patterns) which are defined in terms of the temporal ordering of data points ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.12883v1
2204.12883
2022-04-27
natural-language-processing
20 years of photometric microlensing events predicted by Gaia DR2: Potential planet-hosting lenses within 100 pc
Context. Gaia DR2 offers unparalleled precision on stars' parallaxes and proper motions. This allows the prediction of microlensing events for which the lens stars (and any planets they possess) are nearby and may be well studied and characterised. Aims. We identify a number of potential microlensing events that will o...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1805.11638v2
1805.11638
2018-07-10
natural-language-processing
$^{210}$Pb measurements at the André E. Lalonde AMS Laboratory for the radioassay of materials used in rare event search detectors
Naturally occurring radionuclide $^{210}$Pb ($T_{1/2}$=22.2 y) is an important source of background in rare event searches, such as neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay and dark matter direct detection experiments. When a sample mass of hundreds of grams is available, $\gamma$-counting measurements can be performed. Howev...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.06776v2
2102.06776
2021-02-15
natural-language-processing
$2^{1296}$ Exponentially Complex Quantum Many-Body Simulation via Scalable Deep Learning Method
For decades, people are developing efficient numerical methods for solving the challenging quantum many-body problem, whose Hilbert space grows exponentially with the size of the problem. However, this journey is far from over, as previous methods all have serious limitations. The recently developed deep learning metho...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.07816v1
2204.07816
2022-04-16
natural-language-processing
2-16 GHz Multifrequency X-Cut Lithium Niobate NEMS Resonators on a Single Chip
This work presents the design, fabrication, and testing of X-Cut Lithium Niobate (LN) acoustic nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) Laterally Vibrating Resonators (LVRs) and Degenerate LVRs (d-LVRs) operating in the S0 (YZ30) and SH0 (YZ-10) modes between 2 to 16 GHz range, monolithically fabricated on a single chip. The NEMS ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.05547v1
2405.05547
2024-05-09
natural-language-processing
(216) Kleopatra, a low density critically rotating M-type asteroid
Context. The recent estimates of the 3D shape of the M/Xe-type triple asteroid system (216) Kleopatra indicated a density of 5 g.cm$^{-3}$. Such a high density implies a high metal content and a low porosity which is not easy to reconcile with its peculiar dumbbell shape. Aims. Given the unprecedented angular resolutio...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.07207v1
2108.07207
2021-08-16
natural-language-processing
21 Balmer Jump Street: The Nebular Continuum at High Redshift and Implications for the Bright Galaxy Problem, UV Continuum Slopes, and Early Stellar Populations
We study, from both a theoretical and observational perspective, the physical origin and spectroscopic impact of extreme nebular emission in high-redshift galaxies. The nebular continuum, which can appear during extreme starbursts, is of particular importance as it tends to redden UV slopes and has a significant contri...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.03189v2
2408.03189
2024-08-06
natural-language-processing
21-cm Constraints on Dark Matter Annihilation after an Early Matter-Dominated Era
Although it is commonly assumed that relativistic particles dominate the energy density of the universe quickly after inflation, a variety of well-motivated scenarios predict an early matter-dominated era (EMDE) before the onset of Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Subhorizon dark matter density perturbations grow faster durin...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08719v1
2502.08719
2025-02-12
natural-language-processing
21-cm constraints on spinning primordial black holes
Hawking radiation from primordial black holes (PBH) can ionize and heat up neutral gas during the cosmic dark ages, leaving imprints on the global 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen. We use the global 21-cm signal to constrain the abundance of spinning PBHs in mass range of $[2 \times 10^{13}, 10^{18}]$ grams. We conside...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.13256v2
2108.13256
2021-08-30
natural-language-processing
21 cm cosmology and spin temperature reduction via spin-dependent dark matter interactions
The EDGES low-band experiment has measured an absorption feature in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), corresponding to the 21 cm hyperfine transition of hydrogen at redshift $z \simeq 17$, before the era of cosmic reionization. The amplitude of this absorption is connected to the ratio of singlet and tri...
https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.09552v2
1902.09552
2019-02-25
natural-language-processing
21cmEMU: an emulator of 21cmFAST summary observables
Recent years have witnessed rapid progress in observations of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). These have enabled high-dimensional inference of galaxy and intergalactic medium (IGM) properties during the first billion years of our Universe. However, even using efficient, semi-numerical simulations, traditional inferenc...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.05697v3
2309.05697
2023-09-11
natural-language-processing
21cm Epoch of Reionisation Power Spectrum with Closure Phase using the Murchison Widefield Array
The radio interferometric closure phases can be a valuable tool for studying cosmological {H\scriptsize{I}}~from the early Universe. Closure phases have the advantage of being immune to element-based gains and associated calibration errors. Thus, calibration and errors therein, which are often sources of systematics li...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.02906v1
2409.02906
2024-09-04
natural-language-processing
21cmFAST: A Fast, Semi-Numerical Simulation of the High-Redshift 21-cm Signal
We introduce a powerful semi-numeric modeling tool, 21cmFAST, designed to efficiently simulate the cosmological 21-cm signal. Our code generates 3D realizations of evolved density, ionization, peculiar velocity, and spin temperature fields, which it then combines to compute the 21-cm brightness temperature. Although th...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.3878v1
1003.3878
2010-03-19
natural-language-processing
21cmFAST v3: A Python-integrated C code forgenerating 3D realizations of the cosmic 21cm signal
This brief code paper presents a new Python-wrapped version of the popular 21cm cosmology simulator, 21cmFAST. The new version, v3+, maintains the same core functionality of previous versions of 21cmFAST, but features a simple and intuitive interface, and a great deal more flexibility. This evolution represents the wor...
http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.15121v1
2010.15121
2020-10-28
natural-language-processing
21cmFirstCLASS I. Cosmological tool for $Λ$CDM and beyond
In this work we present 21cmFirstCLASS, a modified version of 21cmFAST, the most popular code in the literature for computing the anisotropies of the 21-cm signal. Our code uses the public cosmic microwave background (CMB) Boltzmann code CLASS, to establish consistent initial conditions at recombination for any set of ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.03942v4
2309.03942
2023-09-07
natural-language-processing
21cmFirstCLASS II. Early linear fluctuations of the 21cm signal
In a companion paper we introduce 21cmFirstCLASS, a new code for computing the 21-cm anisotropies, assembled from the merger of the two popular codes 21cmFAST and CLASS. Unlike the standard 21cmFAST, which begins at $z=35$ with homogeneous temperature and ionization boxes, our code begins its calculations from recombin...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.03948v3
2309.03948
2023-09-07
natural-language-processing
21cmfish: Fisher-matrix framework for fast parameter forecasts from the cosmic 21-cm signal
The 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen in the early universe will provide unprecedented information about the first stars and galaxies. Extracting this information, however, requires accounting for many unknown astrophysical processes. Semi-numerical simulations are key for exploring the vast parameter space of said pr...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.09797v2
2212.09797
2022-12-19
natural-language-processing
21-cm fluctuations from primordial magnetic fields
The fluid forces associated with primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) generate small-scale fluctuations in the primordial density field, which add to the $\mathrm{\Lambda CDM}$ linear matter power spectrum on small scales. These enhanced small-scale fluctuations lead to earlier formation of galactic halos and stars and th...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.04483v2
2308.04483
2023-08-08
natural-language-processing
21-cm foreground removal using AI and frequency-difference technique
The deep learning technique has been employed in removing foreground contaminants from 21 cm intensity mapping, but its effectiveness is limited by the large dynamic range of the foreground amplitude. In this study, we develop a novel foreground removal technique grounded in U-Net networks. The essence of this techniqu...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.06518v2
2310.06518
2023-10-10
natural-language-processing
21cm foregrounds and polarization leakage: a user's guide on cleaning and mitigation strategies
The success of HI intensity mapping is largely dependent on how well 21cm foreground contamination can be controlled. In order to progress our understanding further, we present a range of simulated foreground data from four different $\sim3000$\,deg$^2$ sky regions, with and without effects from polarization leakage. C...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.02907v2
2010.02907
2020-10-06
natural-language-processing
21 cm Forest Constraints on Primordial Black Holes
Primordial black holes (PBHs) as part of the Dark Matter (DM) would modify the evolution of large-scale structures and the thermal history of the universe. Future 21 cm forest observations, sensitive to small scales and the thermal state of the Inter Galactic Medium (IGM), could probe the existence of such PBHs. In thi...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.10695v1
2104.10695
2021-04-21
natural-language-processing
21cm forest probes on the axion dark matter in the post-inflationary Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking scenarios
We study the future prospects of the 21cm forest observations on the axion-like dark matter when the spontaneous breaking of the global Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry occurs after the inflation. The large isocurvature perturbations of order unity sourced from axion-like particles can result in the enhancement of minihalo f...
http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.05589v3
2005.05589
2020-07-14
natural-language-processing
21cm Forest with the SKA
An alternative to both the tomography technique and the power spectrum approach is to search for the 21cm forest, that is the 21cm absorption features against high-z radio loud sources caused by the intervening cold neutral intergalactic medium (IGM) and collapsed structures. Although the existence of high-z radio loud...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.04425v1
1501.04425
2015-01-19
natural-language-processing
21cm Global Signal Extraction: Extracting the 21cm Global Signal using Artificial Neural Networks
The study of the cosmic Dark Ages, Cosmic Dawn, and Epoch of Reionization (EoR) using the all-sky averaged redshifted HI 21cm signal, are some of the key science goals of most of the ongoing or upcoming experiments, for example, EDGES, SARAS, and the SKA. This signal can be detected by averaging over the entire sky, us...
https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.02580v1
1911.02580
2019-11-06
natural-language-processing
21cm Intensity Mapping cross-correlation with galaxy surveys: current and forecasted cosmological parameters estimation for the SKAO
We present a comprehensive set of forecasts for the cross-correlation signal between 21cm intensity mapping and galaxy redshift surveys. We focus on the data sets that will be provided by the SKAO for the 21cm signal, DESI and Euclid for galaxy clustering. We build a likelihood which takes into account the effect of th...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.00710v2
2309.00710
2023-09-01
natural-language-processing
21 cm Intensity Mapping with the DSA-2000
Line intensity mapping is a promising probe of the universe's large-scale structure. We explore the sensitivity of the DSA-2000, a forthcoming array consisting of over 2000 dishes, to the statistical power spectrum of neutral hydrogen's 21 cm emission line. These measurements would reveal the distribution of neutral hy...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.00896v2
2311.00896
2023-11-01
natural-language-processing
21cm Limits on Decaying Dark Matter and Primordial Black Holes
Recently the Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch of Reionization Signature (EDGES) reported the detection of a 21cm absorption signal stronger than astrophysical expectations. In this paper we study the impact of radiation from dark matter (DM) decay and primordial black holes (PBH) on the 21cm radiation temperature ...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1803.09390v1
1803.09390
2018-03-26
natural-language-processing
21-cm line Anomaly: A brief Status
In this short review I present the status of the global 21-cm signal detected by EDGES in March 2018. It is organized in three parts. First, I present the EDGES experiment and the fitting procedure used by the collaboration to extract the tiny 21-cm signal from large foregrounds of galactic synchrotron emission. Then, ...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.13384v2
1907.13384
2019-09-13
natural-language-processing
21 cm Line Astronomy and Constraining New Physics
The 21 cm signal appears to be a treasure trove to provide an insight into the period when the first generation of luminous objects formed in the Universe. Hydrogen is the predominating fraction of the total baryonic matter during cosmic dawn (CD). Therefore, it is convenient and advantageous to study physics during CD...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.02655v1
2301.02655
2023-01-06
natural-language-processing